Madame Rouge is a fictional supervillain appearing in DC Comics, first appearing in Doom Patrol #86 (March 1964). The character was created by Arnold Drake.

Michelle Gomez portrays the live-action version of the character in the third season of the HBO Max series Doom Patrol.

Fictional character biography
Laura De Mille was originally a French stage actress. After an automobile accident, she developed a dual good/evil split personality. At this point, she attracted the notice of The Brain and his associate Monsieur Mallah. With Mallah's help, the Brain performed surgery on De Mille that was, from his perspective, successful, sublimating her good personality and allowing her evil personality to remain dominant. As Madame Rouge, De Mille became the only female member of the Brotherhood of Evil, and assisted the Brotherhood in its continuing conflicts against the Doom Patrol. At first, Madame Rouge was simply a master of disguise; subsequent surgery by the Brain eventually gave her the ability to alter her appearance and stretch her limbs.

Later, Rouge's split personality manifested again, with her good personality occasionally appearing. Rouge was romantically linked to the Doom Patrol's leader, Niles Caulder ("The Chief"), who was able to help Rouge overcome her evil side and ally with the Doom Patrol.

Ultimately, Rouge's mind reverted to its evil state, causing her to seek vengeance against both the Brotherhood of Evil and the Doom Patrol for their previous interference. She was apparently successful in murdering both groups. Years later, Robotman and the Teen Titans tracked down Rouge and her ally, General Zahl. Beast Boy (then Changeling) killed Rouge, although, at the moment of her death, her good side manifested; she forgave Changeling and called to Niles, her apparent true love.

Madame Rouge's daughter, Gemini, also a shapeshifter, appeared years later to seek revenge against Beast Boy.

In 2004, DC writer John Byrne restarted the Doom Patrol series and declared that the previous history had never happened. Despite this, Madame Rouge was a zombie summoned by Brother Blood to keep the Titans from freeing Kid Eternity in Teen Titans #31 (2006). Since then, Byrne's reboot of the Doom Patrol franchise was overturned as a continuity glitch created by Superboy-Prime. As such, Madame Rouge is still dead and her history has been left intact. However, her daughter Gemini has taken up wearing her mother's costume and is a member of the new Brotherhood of Evil.

In Blackest Night, Madame Rouge has been identified as one of the deceased entombed below the Hall of Justice. Madame Rouge's corpse is revived as a Black Lantern during the event.

Powers and abilities
Originally, Madame Rouge was a master of disguise. Later, the Brain gave her the ability to stretch any part of her body to incredible lengths, and could alter her facial features to disguise herself as any person.

In the Teen Titans animated series, Rouge retains her abilities of disguise and stretching, but her powers appear to be greater. She can reform her body, repair any damage yet seen, can "flow" through fences, alter her color, and has sufficient strength to throw people around like dolls or smash brick walls with her stretched limbs. She can mimic voices and use her body to surround and smother her opponents. She can be hurt by flame or frozen by cold, and has trouble maintaining a disguise in high temperatures, but appears to be able to repair damage simply by shapeshifting into an undamaged form.

In the animated series she could extend her limbs to great lengths for surprise attacks such as seizing an enemy in her arms, and at speeds that allowed her to strike Kid Flash.

In other media

Television

Animation
Madame Rouge appears as a major villainess in the Teen Titans animated series, voiced by Hynden Walch. Her accent in the series is not French, but Scottish, and her costume is red instead of blue, which is consistent with her name ("rouge" is French for "red"). As the most conventionally super-powered of the core Brotherhood of Evil members, the Brain views Rouge as one of his most valuable agents and sends her to take out Wildebeest, Hotspot, Kid Flash, and Robin, all of whom she defeats in some form or other, but is shown to be extremely vulnerable to Jinx's "bad-luck" powers, which led to her undoing. Personality-wise, Rouge is a rather cold, brutal, and merciless fighter, and is also quite stern, arrogant, and somewhat sadistic, taking pleasure in physically and emotionally tormenting anyone she seems to view as "children". She does not think much of Jinx at first, as she patronizes and demeans Jinx, the other H.I.V.E. members, and their base, believing them to be "amateurs"; however, once Jinx attacks her, the ferocity of her powers impresses her, and claims that they'll "be in touch". Along with the rest of the Brotherhood, she was flash-frozen into an ice sculpture at the end of "Titans Together" – by Jinx, Hot Spot, and Wildebeest, all of whom she had personally antagonized.

The DC Nation animated short The Spy Within the Doom Patrol features Madame Rouge, voiced by Debra Wilson. She infiltrates the team by disguising herself as the Chief. Having been discovered by Negative Man, she attacks the team and succeeds in incapacitating them.

Madame Rouge appears in Teen Titans Go! episode "Beast Girl", voiced again by Hynden Walch. She plotted to replace the world's pizza supply with pierogies and borscht. Madame Rouge gave the Teen Titans a hard time with her abilities until she was defeated by Beast Girl and the rest of the Opposite Gender Teen Titans.

Live-action
Madame Rouge makes her live-action debut in the third season of Doom Patrol, portrayed by Michelle Gomez. In the series, Madame Rouge arrives in a time machine with a very specific mission that she cannot remember and warns the Doom Patrol about the Brotherhood of Evil and the Sisterhood of Dada.

Miscellaneous
 Madame Rouge appears in Justice League Unlimited #31 and Justice League Adventures #6.
 Madame Rouge first appeared in a flashback in issue #28 of Teen Titans Go! and in full in issue #46.

References

External links
 Comics 101 article regarding the Doom Patrol

Comics characters introduced in 1964
Doom Patrol
DC Comics female supervillains
Fictional actors
Fictional characters who can stretch themselves
DC Comics characters who are shapeshifters
DC Comics metahumans
DC Comics titles
Characters created by Arnold Drake
Fictional French people
Fictional female assassins
Fictional Russian people

Madame Rouge


William IV, Count of Weimar (died 1062) was Margrave of Meissen from 1046 until his death.

Life
He was the eldest son of Count William III of Weimar from his second marriage with Oda, a daughter of Margrave Thietmar of the Saxon Eastern March. He became count of Weimar and Orlamünde in Thuringia upon the death of his father in 1039. William was appointed count palatine of Saxony in 1042.

When in 1046 Margrave Eckard II of Meissen died and willed his margraviate to Emperor Henry III, the emperor promptly granted it to William, who, through the second marriage of his mother Oda, also received the Thuringian estates of his stepfather Margrave Dedi II of Lusatia. Thereby, he united the territory held by late Margrave Eckard II of Meissen under his rule.

William remained a loyal supporter of the ruling Salian dynasty and, upon the death of the emperor in 1056, backed the regency of his widow Empress Agnes of Poitou. He was highly in favour with the empress, who gave him command alongside Bishop Eberhard of Naumburg, of the army in the 1060 campaign in support of King Andrew I of Hungary against his brother Béla I. According to the chronicler Lambert of Hersfeld, instead of waiting for an assisting Bohemian contingent under Duke Spytihněv II, they immediately attacked Béla's forces and the German army was soon in retreat. While King Andrew was deadly wounded, William and Bishop Eberhard were captured at the Battle of the Theben Pass near Moson (Wieselburg). However, Béla's son Géza, impressed by William's courage, induced his father to not only release him, but give him his daughter Sophia in marriage.

Meanwhile, William had returned to Germany. When in 1062 he again proceeded to Hungary to marry Sophia, however, he fell ill and died on his journey. Sophia married his nephew Margrave Ulric I of Carniola instead. The Meissen margraviate passed to William's younger brother Otto I.

Sources
ADB:Wilhelm (Graf von Weimar-Orlamünde) at German Wikisource.

Margraves of Meissen
Landgraves of Thuringia
1062 deaths
11th-century counts in Europe
11th-century German nobility
Year of birth unknown
House of Weimar

William, Margrave of Meissen


2D or two-dimensional objects have two measurements: width and length, like a square. 2D objects do not have depth, like 3D objects.

The simplest 2D shape is a triangle. A 2D object can have any number of sides, making shapes such as pentagons and hexagons. The sides can bend to make different angles. 2D objects can even have sides that go through each other.

Two dimensional space is a mathematics tool, and it has many kinds of uses in computer science, geometry, the making of software, and also in paper.

Computing
Geometry

2D


The Presidential Commission Against Corruption (PCAC), commonly known as the Warioba Commission, was formed during his tenure by former Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa on 17 January 1996, as a way of fulfilling his election pledge to fight corruption in the country. The commission was chaired by former Prime Minister, Joseph Warioba.

The commission was formed to carry out diagnostic studies on corruption in the country as part of the Tanzanian Government strategy in enhancing integrity and accountability. It completed its work on 7 December 1996 after reviewing statutes, rules and procedures in Government and identifying loopholes for growth of corruption. The findings were published in "The Report of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry Against Corruption", commonly known as "The Warioba Report".

Amongst other things, the Commission found that in the social services delivery sector, some public servants receive bribes as a means of supplementing their meager incomes, which in turn helped them to meet their financial obligations (petty corruption). The other type of corruption highlighted was "grand corruption", which involves high-level official and public servants who engage in corrupt practices because of their excessive greed for accumulation of wealth.

To remedy the problem of corruption, the commission made comprehensive recommendations touching all government ministries and departments.

References
Annual Report of the State of Corruption in Tanzania 2002 - Chapter 1
 Measures to Combat Corruption at The Local, National and International Law

Tanzanian commissions and inquiries
Political history of Tanzania
Anti-corruption agencies
1996 establishments in Tanzania
Government agencies established in 1996

Warioba Commission


The siege of Yongqiu (雍丘之戰, pinyin: Yōngqiū zhī zhàn) was a siege for Yongqiu (current Qi County, Kaifeng) in 756 AD during the An Shi Rebellion, by the An Lushan rebels against the Tang army. The Tang army, led by Zhang Xun, finally won this battle.

Background
An Lushan had enjoyed many successes early on in his rebellion. His army numbered more than 160,000, and was growing rapidly. In the fall of 755, An Lushan won a major victory at Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Tang dynasty. With civilians losing faith in the Tang dynasty, and more people and generals joining An Lushan's newly proclaimed Great Yan dynasty every day, it seemed that the Tang dynasty was near its end. An Lushan set his eyes on Chang'an, the capital of Tang.

Suiyang was of great military significance. If the Tang dynasty could defend this area, An Lushan's influence would be limited to the north of China for the time being. This would give the Tang dynasty enough time to prepare defences further south. If An Lushan conquered this area quickly, he would be free to conquer the rest of the resource-rich southern China.

At this time, the governor of the Suiyang District, Yang Wanshi (楊萬石), decided to surrender to An Lushan. The governor of the city of Yongqiu, Linghu Chao (令狐潮), agreed with the surrender after the fall of Luoyang, which in his view made the Tang cause hopeless. The army commander of Suiyang Fortress at this time was Zhang Xun. He refused to follow Yang Wan Shí's surrender orders, and instead gathered around 3,000 citizens and soldiers to combat the rebels.

Zhang Xun noticed that if Yongqiu remained in An Lushan's control, Suiyang would not be safe for much longer. As a result, he led an army of around 2,000 men to besiege the weakly-defended Yongqiu. At this time, Linghu Chao had imprisoned a few hundred loyal Tang soldiers within the fortress. To Zhang Xun's luck, these prisoners were able to escape (probably with the help of civilians or other uncaptured loyal soldiers), and caused massive chaos within the fortress. Zhang Xun took this opportunity to besiege the fortress. Yongqiu fell to Zhang Xun very quickly, and Linghu Chao escaped.

In February, Linghu Chao led 15,000 rebels back to Yongqiu, to try to take back the fortress. Zhang Xun however, left no weakness in his defence, with around 3,000 men. At the end of this first encounter, Linghu Chao had lost more than 10,000 men, and he was forced to retreat.

In March, Linghu Chao returned to besiege Yongqiu, with 40,000 rebels that he borrowed from Au Lushan. Only about 2,000 Tang soldiers were still capable of defending Yongqiu.

Process

Linghu Chao personally asked Zhang Xun to surrender, to which Zhang Xun replied, "For your whole life, you have been known for your loyalty. Where is your loyalty now?" Upon returning to the fortress, Zhang Xun decided that if he let the siege continue as it was, the fortress might fall within that day. So to everyone's surprise, he suddenly led 1,000 men out of the fortress to charge at Linghu Chao's position. The rebels were totally unprepared for the battle. Linghu Chao's numerous men retreated for a few miles, before returning to the fortress.

Linghu Chao then ordered his troops to surround Yongqiu, to cut off any chance of escape for Zhang Xun. Then the assault began with siege ladders. Zhang Xun had expected the siege, and prior to the battle ordered many grass-balls be made. He ordered his troops to dip these grass-balls into oil, and then light them up just before throwing them at the enemy. As the siege ladders burned, many of Linghu Chao's men burned or fell to their deaths. The situation seemed so hopeless that many rebels refused to climb the ladders. Linghu Chao decided that a direct assault could not win the battle, and hence he ordered his troops to simply surround Yongqiu until Zhang Xun ran out of food supplies.

Zhang Xun however had other plans in mind. He ordered his troops to play war drums during night time, which forced the rebels to prepare for battle. But the fortress gates remained closed, and no Tang troops appeared. After this was repeated many times, the rebels eventually grew tired and ignored the war drums. Zhang Xun then personally led many night ambushes against the rebels, by sneaking down the fortress walls, and escaping with his men just before being overwhelmed. These successful night ambushes greatly weakened the morale of Linghu Chao's men, as they had to sleep with constant fear, or did not sleep at all. These random night ambushes killed about 5,000 rebels.

Linghu Chao then resumed the attacks, but with little success. Even so, Linghu Chao was able to completely cut off all chances of food supplies getting into the fortress. This blockade tactic, however, did not have as large an effect as Linghu Chao had hoped for. Zhang Xun's extremely loyal troops were able to survive by hunting animals and insects within the fortress, such as rats and birds. They also had many successes drawing Linghu Chao's attention away from his food supplies, before stealing them.

After about 40 days of siege, news reached Yongqiu that Chang'an had fallen to An Lushan. This was a major blow to morale of Zhang Xun's army. Six of Zhang Xun's elite soldiers suggested that he surrender. Zhang Xun pretended to agree. In the following morning, he beheaded these six elite soldiers in front of the whole army and a portrait of the Tang emperor, on charges of treason. This once again strengthened the morale of the army.

The siege continued, and after 20 more days, Zhang Xun's troops had run low on arrows. He ordered his troops to make about 1,000 scarecrows. He then ordered his soldiers to put their own armor onto these scarecrows. During the night, the soldiers hung the scarecrows down the fortress wall, so as to be easily seen. Linghu Chao noticed a number of armored black figures in the distance, and ordered his archers to shoot at them, hoping to stop the ambush. When the scarecrows got pulled back over the wall, along with numerous embedded arrows, Linghu Chao realized that he had been deceived. He ordered his troops to never shoot at any black figures hanging down the wall, since it would be a waste of arrows. As a result, on the second night after the incident, no arrow was shot at the scarecrows.

On the third night, black figures were once again hung down from the wall, and they were once again ignored. This time the black figures, however, were not scarecrows. They were 500 of Zhang Xun's best men. They began the most damaging ambush of the siege. Many rebels were killed during their sleep. An estimated 10,000 men either were killed or deserted. The remaining force of about 20,000 men fled for about 10 miles before reorganizing.

Linghu Chao refused to retreat, and returned to Yongqiu to continue the siege. Zhang Xun was running low on lumber. He made Linghu Chao an offer: if Linghu Chao would move back 30 miles, and allow Zhang Xun and his men to escape, the fortress would be his. The battle-worn Linghu Chao immediately accepted. He moved his troops and supplies back 30 miles, but he did not remove the wooden huts and tents. Zhang Xun immediately ordered his troops to tear down the huts and tents, and bring the lumber back into the fortress. By the time Linghu Chao figured out Zhang Xun's plan, it was too late.

By this time, the rebels' battle morale had reached an all-time low. Eventually, Linghu Chao retreated with his forces to modern day Kaifeng with less than 20,000 men. After about 4 months of battle, Zhang Xun's much smaller army had earned a decisive victory over the rebels.

Aftermath
Smaller scale sieges and battles around the Yongqiu area continued well into November. Yan's army, when it needed to pass through this area, tried to go around the fortress instead of besieging it. But Zhang Xun led many ambushes against these attempts, with very successful results. In August, the famous Yan general Li Tingwang (李庭望) led an army of 20,000 to besiege Yongqiu. Zhang Xun ambushed them at night with 3,000 men, and killed over 10,000 rebels in the chaos. Li Ting Wang retreated before he even reached the fortress. In both October and November, Linghu Chao led two separate sieges of 10,000 men each, and both ended in failure.

By now, Zhang Xun had become famous for successfully defending against sieges despite seemingly overwhelming odds. Yan's army shifted their tactics. In December, Linghu Chao built a fortress north of Yongqiu to cut off Yongqiu's last supply route. At the same time, another betrayer of Tang named Yang Chaozong (楊朝宗) led 20,000 rebels to the east of Yongqiu, to cut off Zhang Xun's retreat route. Zhang Xun decided that he could no longer stay in Yongqiu. He led his remaining 3,000 soldiers to the east, and broke through Yang Chaozong's blockade, killing about 10,000 rebels in the process. Zhang Xun then rested his troops in Ningling (寧陵) (in modern-day Henan) for the next few weeks, after 1 year of battle.

In January 757 AD, An Lushan was killed by his own son An Qingxu (安慶緒). In the same month, An Qingxu ordered general Yi Ziqi (尹子奇) to besiege Suiyang. Yun Zi Qí joined with Yang Chu Zong before the siege, with a total army size of over 130,000 men. The governor of Suiyang at the time, Xu Yuan (許遠), knew of Zhang Xun 's fortress defense abilities and asked him for help. Zhang Xun knew that if Suiyang fell, the rest of Tang's territory south of the Yangtze River would be threatened. He immediately agreed to help and participated in the Battle of Suiyang.

Yongqiu
8th century in China
Yongqiu
756
An Lushan Rebellion

Siege of Yongqiu


Paul Orfalea (born November 28, 1947) is an American businessman who founded the copy-chain Kinko's.

Orfalea was born in Los Angeles, California to Lebanese parents.
He is currently a philanthropist and a visiting professor at California Lutheran University's School of Management, in the Global and International Studies Department of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), at the Lloyd Greif Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at the University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business, and at the Fred Kiesner Center for Entrepreneurship for the College of Business Administration at Loyola Marymount University.

Early life
Orfalea's father and grandmother ran clothing stores in Los Angeles. According to Orfalea, he was a woodshop major in high school, and his typical report card was "two C's, three D's, and an F." Due to his dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Orfalea reportedly flunked two grades and was expelled from several schools. He later attended the University of Southern California. Despite being fired from a number of jobs, his family supported him in his determination to launch his own business. In later life he remarked on the subject of his handicaps, "I get bored easily, and that is a great motivator, I think everybody should have dyslexia and ADD." His curly, red hair earned him the nickname "Kinko".

Kinko's
Orfalea started his own business while attending UC Santa Barbara. With a $5,000 bank loan co-signed by his parents, Orfalea founded Kinko's in 1970. His first store, which he rented for $100 a month was a small single office space adjacent to a hamburger stand in the Isla Vista neighborhood where the majority of students from UC Santa Barbara resided. Orfalea began selling notebooks, pens, pencils, and the services of a copying machine at 4 cents per copy. Within ten years, Kinko's grew to a network of over 80 stores across the country. Rather than franchise, Orfalea formed partnerships with each individual store's local co-owners. Since the stores were located mostly near college campuses and staffed by part-time students, the business was initially driven by the needs of university students. The clientele soon expanded to include other high-end document users, such as job seekers printing resumes and business users generating professional documentation. Orfalea's open-for-24-hours policy increased the store's popularity and led to the spread of Kinko's across the United States and internationally, and ultimately to more than 1,200 locations and 23,000 employees in 10 different countries. Orfalea put a high value on employee satisfaction, he was known to thank his employees by having elaborate company parties where all were welcome. Kinko parties were well known by Santa Barbarans, and were held in various historic parks & recreation venues throughout Santa Barbara, Goleta and Isla Vista. e.g., Childs Estate, now known as The Santa Barbara Zoo. He had many friends that were small business owners around town that he inspired with his hi-octane "get it done" attitude. Fortune Magazine named Kinko's one of the best places in America to work for three years in a row. Kinko's was acquired by FedEx in 2004 and was renamed FedEx Kinkos, currently doing business as FedEx Office. Having sold Kinko's, Paul Orfalea is still involved in other ventures in real estate, private equity and venture capital. He was interviewed in 2005 following the publication of Copy This, a memoir describing the birth and rise of Kinko's.

Philanthropy

In 2000, Orfalea established the Orfalea Family Foundation that deals with differences in learning, care in early life stages, knowledge-giving programs that span the needs of multiple generations, and training for caregiving.
The Orfalea Foundation, as it is now known, focuses on early childhood education, K-college education, and youth development, primarily in Santa Barbara County, California. The foundation is known for taking direct action as well as making grants. Its most visible program, the School Food Initiative (SFI), trains food service staff and directors to transition from heat-and-serve fare to cooked-from-scratch meals in local schools. SFI also provides infrastructure and equipment grants to support scratch cooking, along with farm-to-school connections, school gardens, and food literacy programs.

In 2001, the California Polytechnic State University's College of Business was renamed the Orfalea College of Business, in recognition of his $15 million gift to the school.

Publications
Copy This!: Lessons from a Hyperactive Dyslexic Who Turned a Bright Idea into One of America's Best Companies. 2005, Paul Orfalea; Ann Marsh. Workman Publishing
Two Billion Dollars in Nickels: Reflections on the Entrepreneurial Life. 2008, Paul Orfalea; Dean Zatkowsky. Dizzy One Ventures LLC
The Entrepreneurial Investor: The Art, Science, and Business of Value Investing. 2008, Paul Orfalea; Lance Helfert; Atticus Lowe; Dean Zatkowsky. John Wiley & Sons

References

External links

 The Orfalea Foundation
 West Coast Asset Management

1947 births
American people of Lebanese descent
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
21st-century American philanthropists
Living people
People with dyslexia
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Marshall School of Business alumni
University of Southern California faculty

Paul Orfalea


Rachel Barenblat, the "Velveteen Rabbi," is an American poet and rabbi. She  was ordained as a rabbi in 2011. In 2013 she was named a Rabbis Without Borders fellow by Clal, the Center for Learning and Leadership, and in 2015 was named co-chair of ALEPH: Alliance for Jewish Renewal along with Rabbi David Markus. In 2016, The Forward named her one of America's most inspiring rabbis.

Background
Born in San Antonio, Texas in 1975 to Marvin and Liana Barenblat, Rachel moved to New England in 1992 to attend Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts. She holds a BA in religion from Williams and a Masters of Fine Arts in writing and literature from the Bennington Writing Seminars, as well as rabbinic ordination from ALEPH: the Alliance for Jewish Renewal and a secondary ordination as a mashpi'ah, also from ALEPH.

Work
In 2000 Barenblat co-founded Inkberry, a literary arts non-profit organization, with Sandy Ryan and Emily Banner. From 1999 to 2002 she was a contributing editor at Pif Magazine and for several years in the early 2000s served as contributing editor at Zeek magazine, a Jewish journal of thought and culture. Her book Massachusetts: The Bay State was published in 2002 by World Almanac Library, along with books about Wisconsin, Michigan, Washington and Texas. From 2009 to 2011, she served on the board of directors of the Organization for Transformative Works. Beginning in 2014 she served on the board of directors of ALEPH: Alliance for Jewish Renewal, which she co-chaired from 2015 to 2017. In 2018 she co-founded Bayit: Building Jewish.

Barenblat is author of several book-length collections of poetry, including 70 faces: Torah poems (Phoenicia Publishing, 2011), Waiting to Unfold (Phoenicia, 2013), and Texts to the Holy (Ben Yehuda Press, 2018), as well as a variety of liturgical works, most notably her haggadah for Pesach and a volume for mourners called Beside Still Waters co-published by Ben Yehuda Press and Bayit: Building Jewish in 2019.

Her first full-length collection of poems, 70 Faces—a collection of poems which arise out of a full year's cycle of weekly Torah portions—was published by Montreal-based Phoenicia Publishing in 2011.

70 faces received critical praise:

"These poems are so out there, so radical, and at the same time so gentle and inviting. Barenblat manages to do work that has passion and truth behind it, without ranting. I love the simple and confident way she deals with the akedah -- and I love the final poem in this collection -- gliding right past heartbreak into renewal, which is what her poems all seem to do." -- Alicia Ostriker

 "Rachel Barenblat's Torah poems open the doorway into sacred text so that we can walk in and make it our home. She invites us to bring all of our passion, doubt, humor, humility and chutzpah as we encounter these ancient words and bring them to Life. Through Rachel's skillful, joyful, playful and profound poetry, the Torah opens her secrets to us and invites us into an intimate conversation with Truth." -- Rabbi Shefa Gold

and has received generally positive reviews:

"[The poems in 70 Faces] take time to think about daily things -- a bottle of milk, talismans on a desk -- and ongoing things -- the names of animals, the urge to make -- and lifelong things -- a baby born in danger, a difficult reunion at a funeral. // They chronicle the round of the year and the quiet, continual effort to walk forward, to think about work and family and the light on the ridge lines."

"Reb Rachel engages head-on with a question that nags — what is the downside to this whole taking over Canaan business? There is nothing heavy-handed or polemical here. She could be talking about the ancient Israelites, the modern Israelites, or any of us caught in the situation of getting the better of someone else. In my humble, really good poetry tackles big questions in such a way as to leave the reader with more questions, shaking our collective heads heads in wonder. The good stuff – and here I'm quoting another poem from the book - builds a structure to house what you long for."

although the Forward reviewer argued that the book's fatal flaw is "its failure to live up to the claims the author makes for it."

Her second book of poetry, Waiting to Unfold, was also published by Phoenicia (2013):

Poet and rabbi Rachel Barenblat wrote one poem during each week of her son's first year of life, chronicling the wonder and the delight along with the pain of learning to nurse, the exhaustion of sleep deprivation, and the dark descent into -- and eventual ascent out of -- postpartum depression.

This book is two cycles, one of pregnancy, and one of the first year after her child's birth. The poems have that same "Oh! I'd forgotten about how beautiful/hard/sad/quiet/fierce that was" quality that all true stories about the first year of parenthood do, and made me laugh and tear up a little and feel nostalgic and sad for new mothers everywhere.

Barenblat is also author of several poetry chapbooks, among them the skies here (Pecan Grove Press, 1995), What Stays (Bennington Writing Seminars Alumni Chapbook Series, 2002), chaplainbook (Laupe House Press, 2006), and the self-published Through, a collection of miscarriage poems (2009.)

From 2005 to 2010, Barenblat was a student in the ALEPH rabbinic program; she was ordained a rabbi in early 2011. She started a blog, Velveteen Rabbi, in 2003, and in the spring of 2008, it was named one of the top 25 blogs in Time.com's First Annual Blog Index. She has guest-blogged at Jewess, Kesher Talk, Sojourner, and the Best American Poetry Blog, and she spent a year writing weekly Torah commentaries for Radical Torah. Her poetry appears in The Heart of All That Is: Reflections on Home (Holy Cow! Press, 2013), Before There Is Nowhere to Stand (Lost Horse Press, 2012), and The Bloomsbury Anthology of Contemporary Jewish American Poetry (Bloomsbury, 2013), among others.

With Thurman Hart, Barenblat co-founded the first Progressive Faith Blog Con, a gathering for bloggers of progressive faith which took place in Montclair, New Jersey in 2006.

Her Velveteen Rabbi's Haggadah for Pesach, a free and open-source haggadah which combines traditional texts with poetry and creative interpretations, is used worldwide.

Personal life
Barenblat lives in Williamstown, Massachusetts. She married Ethan Zuckerman in 1998, and they have one son. They divorced in 2016. Since  2011 she has served as the rabbi for Congregation Beth Israel in North Adams, MA. She has also served as interim Jewish chaplain to Williams College.

References

External links

Velveteen Rabbi
FP Interviews Rachel Barenblat
America's Most Inspiring Rabbis 2016
"Judaism Shines Through Everything They Do: Ginsburg, Sandberg, Barenblat" by Haley Codron. Orlando Sentinel, May 9, 2017.
Rachel Barenblat, "Is Ranting Against Globalism Anti Semitic?" Forward, October 24, 2018.

Writers from San Antonio
1975 births
Williams College alumni
Poets from Texas
American women bloggers
American bloggers
Living people
Jewish bloggers
Jewish American writers
People from Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Women rabbis
American women poets
21st-century American poets
21st-century American women writers
American Jewish Renewal rabbis
Mashpi'im
21st-century American rabbis

Rachel Barenblat


Bromine monochloride, also known as bromine(I) chloride, bromochloride, or bromine chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BrCl. It contains bromine in its +1 oxidation state and chloride ions.

Properties
It is a red-brown gas. It is an oxidizing agent. It is used in analytical chemistry to see how much mercury is in something. It can be used to kill bacteria and mold in industrial places. It is highly toxic.

Related pages
Bromine trifluoride

Bromine compounds
Chlorine compounds

Bromine monochloride


Adaptive optics is a technology to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of rapidly changing optical distortion (or deformation). It is commonly used on astronomical telescopes to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, or astronomical seeing.

Adaptive optical works by measuring the distortion and rapidly compensating for it either using deformable mirrors or material with variable refractive properties. While the technique was theoretically understood for some time, it was only advances in computer technology during the 1990s that finally made the technique practical.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which works on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry itself. The simplest form of adaptive optics is tip-tilt correction, which corresponds to correction of the tilts of the wavefront in two dimensions (equal to correction of the position offsets for the image). This is performed using a rapidly moving tip-tilt mirror which makes small rotations around two of its axes.

A significant fraction of the aberration introduced by the atmosphere can be removed in this way. Tip-tilt mirrors are widely used in night time and solar telescopes, to correct the aberration introduced by Earth's atmosphere on the light path and improve image quality over what would be possible according to the atmospheric seeing.

Tip-tilt mirrors are effectively segmented adaptive optics mirrors having only one segment which can tip and tilt, rather than having an array of multiple segments which can tip and tilt independently.

Other websites
 Description of Active & Adaptive Optics E.S.O.
 Adaptive Optics Tutorial at CTIO  A. Tokovinin
 Research groups and companies with interests in Adaptive Optics
 NSF Center for Adaptive Optics at UC Santa Cruz
 Center for Astronomical Adaptive Optics at The University of Arizona
 Using Adaptive Optics to image photoreceptors
 Gemini's Laser Vision Reveals Striking New Details in Orion Nebula
 Adaptive optics pinpoints on black holes
 Uranus in 2004  (with and without AO)

Telescopes

sv:Teleskop#Adaptiv optik

Adaptive optics


Vincent Ned DeRosa (October 5, 1920 – July 18, 2022) was an American hornist who served as a studio musician for Hollywood soundtracks and other recordings from 1935 until his retirement in 2008. Because his career spanned over 70 years, during which he played on many film and television soundtracks and as a sideman on studio albums, he is considered to be one of the most recorded brass players of all time. He set "impeccably high standards" for the horn, and became the first horn for Henry Mancini, Lalo Schifrin, Alfred Newman, and John Williams, among others, with Williams calling him "one of the greatest instrumentalists of his generation." DeRosa contributed to many of the most acclaimed albums of the 20th century, including some of the biggest-selling albums by artists as diverse as Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Frank Zappa, Boz Scaggs, Ella Fitzgerald, Harry Nilsson, Stan Kenton, Henry Mancini, The Monkees, Sammy Davis Jr., and Mel Tormé.

Early life and training

DeRosa was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on October 5, 1920. His family moved to Chicago about a year after his birth. His father, John DeRosa, was a professional clarinetist; his mother, Clelia DeRubertis DeRosa, was an accomplished singer. He began his horn studies at age ten with Peter Di Lecce, Principal Horn of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. In 1932, the family moved to Los Angeles. While still a teenager, DeRosa studied briefly with his uncle, Vincent DeRubertis. He also studied with and played several times for Alfred Edwin Brain Jr., Dennis Brain's uncle.

Career

DeRosa began his professional career in 1935 by substituting for another player in the San Carlo Opera Company's production of La traviata. When the U.S. entered World War II, DeRosa enlisted before he could be drafted and was assigned to play with the California Army Air Forces radio production unit. He was discharged in 1943 because he was the head of a household. However, eventually he was recalled to service and was demobilized in 1945.

Recording

DeRosa's recording career began shortly after his military service ended, and he quickly established himself as the first-call session horn player in the recording industry. He recorded extensively in several genres, including jazz, rock, pop, and classical. His name has become a metaphor for prolific recording: in Collected Thoughts on Teaching and Learning, Creativity, and Horn Performance Douglas Hill refers to a prolific session player as "the Vince DeRosa of the London freelance scene."

Albums

As a jazz player, he is recognized as one of the first French horn players to forge a career as a jazz sideman. During his career, he played on important jazz instrumental recordings, including Art Pepper's Art Pepper + Eleven – Modern Jazz Classics, Stan Kenton's Kenton / Wagner, and Johnny Mandel's I Want to Live!. He also appeared on landmark recordings by jazz vocalists, including Mel Tormé and the Marty Paich Dek-Tette, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Rodgers & Hart Song Book and Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book, Sammy Davis Jr.'s The Wham of Sam, and June Christy's Something Cool. DeRosa also contributed to important jazz fusion recordings, including David Axelrod's Song of Innocence and groundbreaking albums by Jean-Luc Ponty including King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa.

As a sideman on pop records, his contributions to Sinatra's most important recordings are perhaps best known (see with "Work with Sinatra" below). However, he also contributed to many other hit pop recordings such as Barry Manilow's triple-platinum album Even Now, Neil Diamond's hit September Morn, and Louis Armstrong's I've Got the World on a String and Louis Under the Stars, two of the most important pop albums from Armstrong's later catalog.

As a sideman on rock, blues, and funk records, DeRosa contributed to seminal recordings such as Frank Zappa's first solo album Lumpy Gravy, Boz Scaggs' quintuple-platinum Silk Degrees, and Tower of Power's Back to Oakland, and to rock cult classics such as Harry Nilsson's Son of Schmilsson and Van Dyke Parks's Song Cycle.

DeRosa was also an accomplished classical player. He was the hornist on the album The Intimate Bach which received a Grammy Nomination for Best Classical Performance – Chamber Music (1962). Music critic Alfred Frankenstein wrote of DeRosa's performance on this record, "This is the most astonishing example of virtuosity on the horn I have ever heard on records...To play as lightly and speedily as a harpsichord, right out in the open with a minimum of support, is to give an incredible performance."

Soundtracks

In addition to his work as a sideman, DeRosa appeared on many prominent soundtracks for film, musicals, and TV, including Carousel, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Edward Scissorhands, How the West Was Won, Jaws, Mary Poppins, Midway, Oklahoma, My Fair Lady, Rocky, The Days of Wine and Roses, The Magnificent Seven, The Music Man, and The Sound of Music. The television programs for which he played include Batman, Bonanza, Dallas, Hawaii Five-O, Peter Gunn, Star Trek, The Rockford Files, and The Simpsons.

Work with Frank Sinatra

DeRosa's playing and career are closely associated with Frank Sinatra's recordings because of Frank Sinatra's fame, the number of seminal Sinatra albums on which DeRosa played, and two highly publicized accounts of Sinatra's comments to or about DeRosa (see below). DeRosa played first horn on many albums considered to be the greatest in Sinatra's catalog and among the greatest of all time, including In the Wee Small Hours, Songs for Swingin' Lovers!, Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely, and Strangers in the Night.

Sinatra was not known for openly complimenting his musicians (drummer Irv Cottler once said, "Frank will never come right out and tell you that you swung your ass off"). However, he publicly acknowledged DeRosa's excellence. In Sinatra: The Chairman, author James Kaplan discusses DeRosa with Milt Bernhart, a trombonist who had played with both Sinatra and DeRosa on many occasions: "Another time, Bernhart remembered, Sinatra praised French horn player Vince DeRosa on executing a difficult passage by telling the band, 'I wish you guys could have heard Vince DeRosa last night—I could have hit him in the mouth!' We all knew what he meant—he had loved it!" Bernhart said. "And believe me, he reserved comments like that only for special occasions."Another reason DeRosa is closely associated with Sinatra is that an exchange between DeRosa and Sinatra was featured in the article "Frank Sinatra Has a Cold" for Esquire by Gay Talese in 1966. The article became one of the most famous pieces of magazine journalism ever written, and is often considered not only the greatest profile of Frank Sinatra but one of the greatest celebrity profiles ever written. In his piece, Talese documents the following touching conversation between Sinatra and DeRosa:
When a French horn player, a short Italian named Vincent DeRosa who has played with Sinatra since The Lucky Strike "Hit Parade" days on radio, strolled by, Sinatra reached out to hold him for a second.
"Vincenzo," Sinatra said, "how's your little girl?" "She's fine, Frank."
"Oh, she's not a little girl anymore," Sinatra corrected himself, "she's a big girl now."
"Yes, she goes to college now. U.S.C."
"That's great."
"She's also got a little talent, I think, Frank, as a singer."
Sinatra was silent for a moment, then said, "Yes, but it's very good for her to get her education first, Vincenzo."
Vincent DeRosa nodded.
"Yes, Frank," he said, and then he said, "Well, good night, Frank." "Good night, Vincenzo."
The exchange was given renewed exposure by Pulitzer Prize-winning music critic Alex Ross in his book Listen to This. In the chapter "Edges of Pop," Ross highlights the famous article and calls the exchange between DeRosa and Sinatra "The sweetest moment in Gay Talese's classic Esquire profile."

One reason for DeRosa's appearance on so many of Sinatra's albums is that DeRosa was the preferred first horn for Sinatra's frequent collaborator Nelson Riddle (Riddle's biographer refers to DeRosa as a "horn player extraordinaire"). As an example of Riddle's esteem for DeRosa, he chose DeRosa as a featured soloist on the Sinatra album Close to You, an album on which the Hollywood String Quartet and typically one soloist per song accompanied Sinatra. Riddle was deliberate in his choice of sideman, selecting trumpeter Harry "Sweets" Edison, clarinetist Mahlon Clark, and DeRosa for this project.

Work with Henry Mancini

While DeRosa might be most closely associated with Frank Sinatra, he is also well known as Henry Mancini's first-call horn player, working with Mancini on at least eight albums and many film scores. The albums included The Music from Peter Gunn, the first album to win the Grammy award for Album of the Year (1959) and was selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The album's title song features famous, difficult-to-execute French horn lines, with DeRosa as first chair.

Mancini often composed his themes with a favorite player in mind: "Sometimes when I hear people play, especially if they're distinctive players, I actually try to incorporate their sound into a particular score."  Mancini had Vince DeRosa in mind when he composed his Academy Award-winning theme to the film Days of Wine and Roses: "For the first yawning notes of this score, he was hearing the solid round tone of studio veteran French horn soloist Vince DeRosa, and that became the voice of solitude in the film." This theme won the 1962 Academy Award for best song.

Influence

DeRosa's impact on studio horn playing was significant, and set a new standard for studio horn parts. As a sideman on thousands of sessions and a horn instructor at USC and elsewhere, DeRosa influenced many musicians and composers. The list below documents composers and musicians who are publicly acknowledged to have studied with, or been influenced by, DeRosa's teaching or playing.

Composers

 John Williams (American composer who has written some of the most popular and recognizable film scores in cinematic history). At DeRosa's retirement concert/celebration, composer John Williams wrote:

"Vince Derosa's contribution to American music can't be overstated. He was the premier first horn player on virtually every recording to come out of Hollywood for over forty years. He represented the pinnacle of instrumental performance and I can honestly say that what I know about writing for the French horn, I learned from him. DeRosa was an inspiration for at least two generations of composers working in Hollywood and beyond. He is respected world-wide and universally regarded as one of the greatest instrumentalists of his generation. It has been a privilege to have worked with him all these many years."

 Henry Mancini (American composer, conductor and arranger, often cited as one of the greatest composers in the history of film). Mancini had Vince DeRosa in mind when he composed his Academy Award-winning theme to the film Days of Wine and Roses.

Horn players

The following horn players have publicly acknowledged studying with DeRosa.

 Nathan Campbell (Professor of French horn, The Master's University)
 James Thatcher (Session player, recipient of the Most Valuable Player Award from the National Association of Recording Arts and Sciences)
 Brian O'Connor (Professor of Horn at UCLA)
 Henry Sigismonti (Principal Horn of the Los Angeles Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta)
 George Price (Longtime third Horn of the Los Angeles Philharmonic)
 Suzette Moriarty (California Philharmonic)
 Laura Brenes (Principal horn player for the Redlands Symphony Orchestra)
 Richard Todd (Professor of horn at Frost School of Music)
 Dylan S. Hart (Principal horn of the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra under Thomas Wilkins)

Awards and honors

 Grammy Nomination: Best Classical Performance – Chamber Music for The Intimate Bach (1962)
 The Vince DeRosa Scholarship Fund was established in DeRosa's name and currently supports the IHS Solo Contest (2003)
 Elected as an honorary member of the International Horn Society (2004)
 The Hollywood Epic Brass Organ and Percussion Ensemble recorded The Vince DeRosa Tribute Album (2014)
 Local 47 Lifetime Achievement Award (2017)

Personal life

Beginning in the late 1950s, DeRosa played a Conn 8D horn. In the 1950s he taught a small number of students at the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music but otherwise taught formally at the University of Southern California from 1974 to 2005. Since retiring in 2008, DeRosa split his time between his residences in La Canada, CA, Maui, and Montana.

DeRosa's uncle, Vincent DeRubertis, also played with Sinatra on at least one occasion, on the soundtrack for High Society. Like his nephew, DeRubertis also contributed to many soundtracks.

DeRosa died on July 18, 2022, at the age of 101.

Discography

With The 5th Dimension

 Earthbound (ABC, 1975)

With Laurie Allyn

 Paradise (VSOP, 1957)

With Laurindo Almeida

 The Intimate Bach, Duets with the Spanish Guitar Vol.2 (Capitol, 1962)

With American Flyer

 American Flyer (United Artists, 1976)

With Louis Armstrong

 Louis Under the Stars (Verve, 1958)
 I've Got the World on a String (Verve, 1960)

With Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald

 Porgy and Bess (Verve, 1958)

With David Axelrod

 Song of Innocence (Capitol, 1968)

With Hoyt Axton

 Life Machine (A&M, 1974)

With The Blackbyrds

 Unfinished Business (Fantasy, 1976)

With Vernon Burch

 Love-a-Thon (Chocolate City, 1978)

With Red Callender

 Callender Speaks Low (Crown, 1954)

With Glen Campbell

 Somethin' 'Bout You Baby I Like (Capitol, 1980)

With June Christy

 Something Cool (Capitol, 1954)
 Fair and Warmer! (Capitol, 1957)
 The Song is June! (Capitol, 1958)
 This Time of Year (Capitol, 1961)
 Do-Re-Mi (Capitol, 1961)

With Stanley Clarke

 Rocks, Pebbles and Sand (Epic, 1980)

With Nat King Cole

 To Whom It May Concern (Capitol, 1959)

With Natalie Cole

 Unforgettable... with Love (Elektra, 1991)

With Judy Collins

 Hard Times for Lovers (Capitol, 1979)

With Alice Coltrane

 Eternity (Warner Bros., 1975)

With Rita Coolidge

 Rita Coolidge (A&M, 1971)

With Sonny Criss

 Warm and Sonny (Muse, 1975)

With Michael Davis

 Brass Nation (Hip-Bone Music, 2000)

With Miles Davis

 Dingo (Warner Bros., 1991)

With Sammy Davis Jr.

 The Wham of Sam (Reprise, 1961)
 Sammy Davis Jr. Belts the Best of Broadway (Reprise, 1962)

With Sammy Davis Jr. and Carmen McRae

 Boy Meets Girl (Decca, 1957)
 Porgy and Bess (Decca, 1959)

With John Denver

 An Evening with John Denver (RCA, 1975)

With Teri DeSario

 Teri DeSario (Casablanca, 1979)

With Neil Diamond

 Jonathan Livingston Seagull (Columbia, 1973)
 September Morn (Columbia, 1979)

With Lamont Dozier

 Out Here on My Own (ABC Records, 1973)

With Earth, Wind & Fire

 Faces (Columbia, 1980)

With Billy Eckstine

 Once More with Feeling (EmArcy, 1958)

With The Emotions

 Rejoice (Columbia, 1977)

With Juan García Esquivel

 See it in Sound (RCA, 1999, recorded 1960)

With Don Fagerquist

 Music to Fill a Void (Mode, 1957)

With José Feliciano

 Angela (Private Stock, 1976)

With Clare Fischer

 Extension (Pacific Jazz, 1963)

With Ella Fitzgerald

 Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Rodgers & Hart Song Book (Verve, 1956)
 Ella Swings Lightly (Verve, 1958)
 Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book (Verve, 1959)

With Dan Fogelberg and Tim Weisberg

 Twin Sons of Different Mothers (Epic, 1978)

With Donna Fuller

 My Foolish Heart (Liberty, 1957)

With Judy Garland

 The Letter (Capitol, 1959)

With Barry Gibb

 Now Voyager (Polydor, 1984)

With Harpers Bizarre

 Feelin' Groovy (Warner Bros., 1967)

With Debbie Harry

 KooKoo (Chrysalis Records., 1981)

With Neil Hefti

 Jazz Pop (Reprise, 1962)

With The Hi-Lo's

 The Hi-Lo's And All That Jazz (Columbia, 1958)

With Bill Holman

 Bill Holman's Great Big Band! (Capitol, 1960)

With Paul Horn

 Plenty of Horn (Dot, 1958)

With Freddie Hubbard

 Ride Like the Wind (Elektra, 1982)

With Gordon Jenkins

 Soul of a People (Mainstream, 1967)

With Stan Kenton

 Back to Balboa (Capitol, 1958)
 Kenton / Wagner (Capitol, 1964)
 Stan Kenton Conducts the Los Angeles Neophonic Orchestra (Capitol, 1965)
 Stan Kenton Presents Gabe Baltazar (Creative World Records, 1979)

With Peggy Lee

 The Man I Love (Capitol, 1957)
 Sugar 'n' Spice (Capitol, 1961)
 Let's Love (Atlantic, 1974)

With Henry Mancini

 The Music from Peter Gunn (RCA 1959)
 The Blues and the Beat (RCA, 1960)
 Mr. Lucky Goes Latin (RCA, 1961)
 Days of Wine and Roses (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1962)
 Uniquely Mancini (RCA, 1963)
 A Merry Mancini Christmas (RCA, 1966)
 Mancini '67 (RCA, 1967)
 Country Gentleman (RCA, 1974)

With Johnny Mandel

 I Want to Live (United Artists, 1958)
 The Sandpiper (Verve, 1965)

With Chuck Mangione

 Chase the Clouds Away (A&M, 1975)
 Bellavia (A&M, 1988)

With Gap Mangione

 Suite: Lady (A&M, 1978)

With Barry Manilow

 Even Now (Arista, 1978)

With Shelly Manne

 Concerto for Clarinet & Combo (Contemporary, 1957)
 Manne–That's Gershwin! (Capitol, 1965)

With Skip Martin

 Scheherajazz (Stereo-Fidelity, 1959)

With Johnny Mathis and Deniece Williams

 That's What Friends Are For (A&M, 1978)

With Billy May

 Billy May's Big Fat Brass (Capitol, 1958)
 Sorta-Dixie (Capitol, 1954)

With Les McCann

 The Man (A&M, 1978)

With Carmen McRae

 Carmen for Cool Ones (Decca, 1958)
 The Sound of Silence (Atlantic, 1968)

With Sérgio Mendes

 Brasil '88 (Elektra, 1978)

With The Monkees

 Headquarters (RCA, 1967)
 Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd. (RCA, 1967)
 The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees (RCA, 1968)
 Instant Replay (RCA, 1969)

With Mystic Moods Orchestra

 Extensions (Philips, 1969)

With Oliver Nelson

 Skull Session (Flying Dutchman, 1975)

With Michael Nesmith

 The Wichita Train Whistle Sings (Dot, 1968)

With Sammy Nestico

 Dark Orchid (Palo Alto, 1981)

With Harry Nilsson

 Son of Schmilsson (RCA, 1972)
 ...That's the Way It Is (RCA, 1976)

With Michael Omartian

 Adam Again (Myrrh, 1976)

With Lee Oskar

 My Road, Our Road (Elektra, 1981)

With Patti Page

 In the Land of Hi-Fi (EmArcy, 1956)

With Marty Paich

 The Picasso of Big-Band Jazz (Cadence, 1958)
 The Broadway Bit (Warner Bros., 1959)
 I Get a Boot Out of You (Warner Bros., 1960)

With Van Dyke Parks

 Song Cycle (Warner Bros., 1967)

With Art Pepper

 Art Pepper + Eleven - Modern Jazz Classics (Contemporary/OJC, 1961)

With David Pomeranz

 The Truth of Us (Pacific, 1980)

With Jean-Luc Ponty

 Cantaloupe Island (Blue Note, 1976)
 King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa (World Pacific, 1970)

With Pure Prairie League

 Two Lane Highway (RCA, 1975)

With Johnny Richards

 Something Else by Johnny Richards (Bethlehem, 1956)

With Minnie Riperton

 Minnie (Capitol, 1979)

With Mavis Rivers

 Mavis (Reprise, 1961)

With George Roberts

 Practice Makes Perfect (DNE Records, 1969)

With Pete Rugolo

 Introducing Pete Rugolo (Columbia, 1954)
 Rugolomania (Columbia, 1955)
 Music for Hi-Fi Bugs (EmArcy, 1956)
 Out on a Limb (EmArcy 1957)
 New Sounds by Pete Rugolo (Harmony, 1957)
 An Adventure in Sound: Brass in Hi-Fi (Mercury, 1958)
 The Music from Richard Diamond (EmArcy, 1959)
 Behind Brigitte Bardot (Warner Bros., 1960)
 The Original Music of Thriller (United Recording Studios, 1961)

With Pharoah Sanders

 Love Will Find a Way (Arista, 1978)

With Arturo Sandoval

 Dream Come True (GRP, 1999)

With Boz Scaggs

 Silk Degrees (Columbia, 1976)

With Diane Schuur

 Love Songs (GRP, 1993)

With Jack Sheldon

 Jack Sheldon and His All Star Band (GNP Crescendo, 1957)

With Lalo Schifrin

 Jazz Suite on the Mass Texts (RCA Victor, 1965) with Paul Horn
 Music from Mission: Impossible (Dot, 1967)
 The Fox (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1968)
 There's a Whole Lalo Schifrin Goin' On (Dot, 1968)
 Kelly's Heroes (soundtrack) (MGM, 1970)
 Enter the Dragon (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1973)

With Doc Severinson

 Facets (Amherst, 1990)

With Horace Silver

 Silver 'n Brass (Blue Note, 1975)

With Frank Sinatra

 Christmas Songs by Sinatra (Columbia, 1948)
 In the Wee Small Hours (Capitol, 1955)
 Close to You (Capitol, 1956)
 Where Are You? (Capitol, 1957)
 Sings for Only the Lonely (Capitol, 1958)
 Look to Your Heart (Capitol, 1959)
 Come Swing with Me! (Capitol, 1961)
 Point of No Return (Capitol, 1962)
 Strangers in the Night (Reprise, 1966)
 Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back (Reprise, 1973)
 Some Nice Things I've Missed (Reprise, 1974)

With Judee Sill

 Heart Food (Asylum, 1973)

With J. D. Souther

 Black Rose (Asylum, 1976)

With Duane Tatro

 Duane Tatro's Jazz For Moderns (Contemporary, 1956)

With The Temptations

 Bare Back (Atlantic, 1978)

With Cal Tjader

 West Side Story (Fantasy, 1961)

With Mel Tormé

 Mel Tormé and the Marty Paich Dek-Tette (Bethlehem, 1955)
 Mel Tormé Sings Fred Astaire (Bethlehem, 1956)
 The Complete Porgy and Bess (Bethlehem, 1956)
 California Suite (Bethlehem, 1957)
 Mel Tormé Swings Shubert Alley (Verve, 1960)
 Swingin' on the Moon (Verve, 1960)
 Broadway, Right Now! (Verve, 1960)

With Tower of Power

 Back to Oakland (Warner Bros., 1974)

With Stanley Turrentine

 Have You Ever Seen the Rain (Fantasy, 1975)

With Sarah Vaughan

 Sarah Vaughan with Michel Legrand (Mainstream, 1972)

With Paul Weston

 Carefree (Capitol, 1959)

With Mason Williams

 A Gift of Song (Riviera, 2003)

With Frank Zappa

 Lumpy Gravy (Capitol, 1967)

Notes

References

External links
 Vincent DeRosa biography at the International Horn Society home page
 Miller, Todd (2009). Carved in Stone

1920 births
2022 deaths
American horn players
Musicians from Los Angeles
Military personnel from Missouri
Horn players
American centenarians
Men centenarians
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American musicians
21st-century American male musicians
Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Musicians from Chicago
American people of Italian descent

Vincent DeRosa


Sinti (Singular masc.=Sinto; sing. fem.=Sintisa) is the name of some communities of the nomadic people usually called "Gypsies" in English.  This includes communities known in German and Dutch as Zigeuner and in Italian as Zingari.  They are related to the Roma people.

While the Sinti were, until quite recently, chiefly nomadic, today only a small percentage of the group remains unsettled.  In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities.

Sinti's believe there Ancestors left Sindh arround 711–714 AD, about the Umayyad muslim Conquest of Sindh, by Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi. Sinti's languages is called Sintitikes.

The Sinti arrived in Germany and Austria in the Middle Ages, eventually splitting into two groups: Eftavagarja ("the Seven Caravans") and Estraxarja ("from Austria"). These two groups then expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, where they called locally as (Manouches), Spain and Portugal where they called Gitanos, Calo or Ciganos, and the Estraxarja into Italy and Slovenia, eventually taking various regional names.

References

Further reading
 Walter Winter, Struan Robertson (Translator) Winter Time: Memoirs of a German who Survived Auschwitz Hertfordshire Publications, (2004),
 Reviewed by Emma Brockes "We had the same pain" in The Guardian November 29, 2004
Open Society Intitute: The Situation of Roma in Germany (2002)

Ethnic groups
Roma

Sinti


The armistice treaty between the Allies, who fought Germany during World War I, and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on 11 November 1918, and marked the end of the First World War on the Western Front. Marshal Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Commander-in-chief, and Matthias Erzberger, Germany's representative were the most important persons who signed it.

The Armistice was agreed at 5 AM on 11 November, to come into effect at 11 AM Paris time.

Acting German commander Paul von Hindenburg had requested arrangements for a meeting from Ferdinand Foch via telegram on 7 November. He was under pressure of imminent revolution in Berlin, Munich and elsewhere across Germany.

This stopped the fighting, but it took much longer to get a complete settlement. The actual terms, largely written by Foch, included:
 ending hostilities, the withdrawal of German forces to behind the Rhine,
Allied occupation of the Rhineland and bridgeheads further east, the surrender of aircraft, warships, and military materiel,
the release of Allied prisoners of war and interned civilians,
eventual reparations, no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany.

Although the armistice ended the fighting on the Western Front, it had to be prolonged three times until the Treaty of Versailles. This took effect on 10 January 1920.

These terms were severe. The later abdication of the Kaiser, and the economic troubles of Germany in the 1920s, led towards the later rise of Adolf Hitler.

Main people
For the Allies, the personnel involved were entirely military:
 Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch, the Allied supreme commander
 First Sea Lord Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss, the British representative
 General Maxime Weygand, Foch's Chief of staff

For Germany:
 Matthias Erzberger, a civilian politician;
 Count Alfred von Oberndorff, from the Foreign Ministry;
 Major General Detlev von Winterfeldt, the army;
 Captain Ernst Vanselow, the navy.

General Weygand and General von Gruennel are not mentioned in the (French) document.

The peace between the Allies and Germany that followed this armistice was the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

References

Related pages
 Remembrance Day
 Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Other websites

 La convention d'armistice du 11 novembre 1918  (in French)
 The Armistice Demands, translated into English from German Government statement The World War I Document Archive, Brigham Young University Library, accessed July 27, 2006

1918 in Europe
1910s in France
World War I
1910s in Germany
November events

Armistice of 11 November 1918


The  are a Japanese professional baseball team based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture. They compete in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) as a member of the Pacific League. Founded on February 22, 1938 as the Nankai Club, being the first Kansai team to play in Osaka proper, the team went through a few name changes before settling on Nankai Hawks in 1947, eventually changing ownership in  and moving to Fukuoka in . The team subsequently became known as the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks until 2005, when they were purchased by SoftBank Group, becoming the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. Since 1993, the Hawks have played at the Fukuoka PayPay Dome, which has gone under several name changes and seats 40,000 people.

The Hawks are often regarded as one of the most successful franchises in Pacific League and the richest in all of baseball under the ownership of SoftBank Group, with the second most wins in all of Japanese sports, only trailing the Yomiuri Giants. The Hawks have played in the Japan Series 20 different times. The club also won two Japanese Baseball League championships in 1946 and 1948 while the team was based in Osaka. The Hawks' 11 Japan Series championships, including seven championships between  and , and 19 Pacific League pennants, with the most recent of both coming in 2020, are second-most in Pacific League and third-most in all of NPB.

For various reasons, the Hawks experienced a 35 year title drought between  and  including a period of 26 years from  to 1999 without a single Japan Series appearance, despite the relocation to Fukuoka. The drought finally ended in 1999, with gradual additions over the previous five years under new manager and home run king Sadaharu Oh. Under Oh (as manager and later executive), Daiei, and later SoftBank, the Hawks embraced internal development and sabremetrics as they eventually formed a baseball dynasty off of a core led by slugger Yuki Yanagita and aces Kodai Senga and Tsuyoshi Wada, capturing Japan Series titles in , , , , , , , and , making the Hawks first team since the -1973 Yomiuri Giants to win more than three consecutive championships.

Through 2023, the franchise's all-time record is 5616-5000-402 (.529). The team's manager is Hiroki Kokubo and the organization's acting CEO is .

History

Nankai Electric Railway Company ownership (1938–1988)
The franchise that eventually became the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks was founded on February 22, 1938 by Nankai Electric Railway president Jinkichi Terada as Nankai Club, based in central Osaka. The organization was said to be created as a result of rival railway companies Hanshin Electric Railway and Hankyu convincing Nankai to create a baseball club of their own. While initially met with resistance, the club was admitted to the Japanese Baseball League (JPBL) in the fall of 1938, playing their first games at Sakai Ohama Stadium, but moved into Nakamozu Stadium in 1939. The team's name was changed to Kinki Nippon in mid-1944 as wartime austerity measures forced Nankai to temporarily merge with Kinki Nippon Railway. After the 1945 hiatus in the JBL due to the Greater East Asia War, in 1946 the team's name was changed to Kinki Great Ring and the team won the JBL championship. The name was chosen as a translation of Japan's ancient name, Yamato, in a similar way to the Montreal Canadiens or the New York Yankees.

In mid-1947, when Nankai broke away from Kinki Nippon Railway, they decided to change the team's name, also due to the fact that the name was popular with American soldiers stationed in Osaka, since they also found it funny, and settled upon the moniker they would use until they would sell the team in 1988 – . The team was named after Nankai's logo, which, at that time, was a winged wheel. Other names considered were Condors, which was rejected because the Nankai representative who supervised the team was bald, and Cardinals, which was rejected because the club wanted to retain their colors, so they settled on the Hawks moniker.

After the JPBL was reorganized into Nippon Professional Baseball in , the Hawks were placed into the Pacific League alongside the Mainichi Orions, Hankyu Braves, Tokyu Flyers, Daiei Stars, Nishitetsu Clippers, and Kintetsu Pearls. Under player-manager Kazuto Tsuruoka (known as Kazuto Yamamoto from 1946 to 1958) they became one of the most successful franchises through the first two decades of the Pacific League's existence, taking two Japan Series championships in 1959 and 1964, as well as 10 Pacific League pennants. Kazuto managed the team from 1946 to 1968, becoming the full-time manager after his retirement as a player in 1952.

In 1964, the Hawks team sent pitching prospect Masanori Murakami and two other young players to the San Francisco Giants single-A affiliate in Fresno as a baseball "exchange student". On September 1 of that year, Murakami became the first Japanese player to play in Major League Baseball  when he appeared on the mound for the San Francisco Giants at Shea Stadium against the New York Mets. In his debut, Murakami pitched one inning, allowing one hit and facing four batters in a 1-4 loss for the Giants. Disputes over the rights to his contract eventually led to the 1967 United States – Japanese Player Contract Agreement, which effectively barred Japanese players from playing in MLB until Hideo Nomo exploited a loophole in the contract agreement to join the Los Angeles Dodgers in , although others had tried before, including pitcher Kunikazu Ogawa in  for the Milwaukee Brewers and later Murakami himself attempted to return to the Giants in , but both were cut in spring training. Murakami returned to the Hawks in 1966, playing for them through 1974. He contributed to the team's 1973 Japan Series appearance, their last under Nankai's ownership.

The team fell on hard times between 1978 and 1988, finishing no better than 4th place out of the 6 teams in the Pacific League in any year in the period. The team witnessed its fan base diminish as a result of the prolonged period of poor play, with attendance dropping and the club dealing with reduced profits. One of their only stars during this time was player-manager Katsuya Nomura, was forced to leave the team after his wife having too much of a choosing on his management, forcing Nomura to either choose to leave his wife of leave the team, in which he chose the latter.

The change in the club's financial performance led Nankai Electric Railway to question the value of maintaining ownership, even after considering the value the team represented as an advertising tool. The company's board of directors and union leadership put pressure on Den Kawakatsu, then-president of Nankai Railway and primary owner of the team, to sell the team, which he refused to do. However, Kawakatsu, who represented the most ardent supporter of Nankai's ownership of the Hawks, died on April 23, 1988, and the team was sold to the Daiei Corporation to become the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (福岡ダイエーホークス) after the 1988 season.

Katsuya Nomura, Mutsuo Minagawa, Hiromitsu Kadota, and Chusuke Kizuka are among the more notable franchise players that were active during the Nankai era.

Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (1988–2004)
After the franchise was acquired by department store chain Daiei, Inc., the Hawks were moved to Fukuoka for two reasons; the first being the fact that the city had gone a decade without a team in the area, as the Crown Lighter Lions moved to Tokorozawa to become the Seibu Lions in 1978, and the second was that Daiei was looking to expand their reach as a brand to Kyushu, which Daiei had little to no presence in before the acquisition. As a result, they were no longer competing with the Hanshin Tigers, Kintetsu Buffaloes or even the by-then rechristened Orix Braves (later the Orix Blue Wave, now the Orix Buffaloes) for a market share of the Greater Osaka metropolitan area. However, in spite of those efforts of the new ownership, the Hawks still were usually in the cellar of the Pacific League, and continued to be at the bottom half of the league until 1997. The Hawks would play their first four seasons at the Lions' old stadium, Heiwadai Stadium.

In 1993, the Hawks moved out of Heiwadai Stadium and into the newly constructed Fukuoka Dome, located 2.2 kilometers northwest of Heiwadai. Heiwadai Stadium would later be closed in November 1997 and fully demolished by 2008. The Fukuoka Dome would be the first retractable roof stadium in NPB and the only retractable roof stadium until 2023, when ES CON Field Hokkaido opened. However, due to inefficient design and high operating costs, the roof is almost never opened. Since the Hawks moved to the Fukuoka Dome, they have led Pacific League in annual average attendance every single year except for 2021, where pandemic restrictions in Japan prevented them from reaching said goal.

The Hawks front office adopted a strategy of drafting and developing younger players, supplemented by free agent signings, a policy overseen by team president Ryuzo Setoyama and his aides. Setoyama's most brilliant moves were the hiring of home run king Sadaharu Oh in 1995 to take the reins of manager, a title he would hold until 2008 before he moved into the general manager's position. As of 2022, Oh is still with the Hawks organization as a chairman of the Hawks' board of directors, and still engages with day-to-day operations of the team at the age of 82. Oh replaced then-manager Rikuo Nemoto, who was named team president and held that position until his death in 1999.  Also tapped was Akira Ishikawa, a little-known former player, who was tasked with bringing in talented amateurs. He brought in the likes of former Hanshin Tigers catcher Kenji Johjima, Kazumi Saitoh, Nobuhiko Matsunaka, future Chicago White Sox and Chiba Lotte Marines infielder Tadahito Iguchi, shortstop Munenori Kawasaki, and future team captain Hiroki Kokubo.

Supplementing the amateur signings were some key free-agent acquisitions. Daiei went toe to toe with the then richest man in Japan, Yoshiaki Tsutsumi, to pull former Seibu stars from their 1980s championship teams to Fukuoka. Among them were infielder Hiromichi Ishige, immensely popular outfielder (and Hawks manager from 2008 to 2014, replacing Oh in that capacity) Koji Akiyama, and ace left-handed pitcher and former manager Kimiyasu Kudoh.

These moves, alongside a few unpopular cost-cutting measures, helped to make the Hawks gradually more competitive with each passing year, and in 1999, the team finally broke through. That season, Daiei made their first Japan Series appearance since 1973 (and first as a Fukuoka team), and defeated the Chunichi Dragons in five games, giving them their first championship since 1964. Kudoh was dominant in his Game 1 start (complete game, 13 strikeouts), and Akiyama was named the 1999 Japan Series's most valuable player.

The following year, the Hawks again made the Japan Series, but this time lost to the powerful Yomiuri Giants in six games. Despite the shaky financial ground that Daiei was on thanks to their rampant expansion in bubble-era Japan, the team continued to be competitive. The team won their second Japan Series in five years, defeating the popular Hanshin Tigers in seven games in the 2003 Japan Series, a series in which the home team won every game.

Home run record controversy
In , American Karl "Tuffy" Rhodes, playing for the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes, hit 55 home runs with several games left, equaling Hawks' manager Sadaharu Oh's single-season home run record.  The Buffaloes played a weekend series against the Oh-managed Hawks late in the season, after already clinching the pennant on a walk-off grand slam against the Orix BlueWave on September 26. Rhodes was intentionally walked during each at-bat of the series.  Video footage showed Hawks' catcher Kenji Johjima grinning as he caught the intentional balls. Oh denied any involvement and Hawks battery coach Yoshiharu Wakana stated that the pitchers acted on his orders, saying, "It would be distasteful to see a foreign player break Oh's record." Rhodes completed the season with 55 home runs.  League commissioner Hiromori Kawashima denounced the Hawks' behavior as "unsportsmanlike", and Wakana would be fired from the position as a result. Hawks pitcher Keisaburo Tanoue went on record saying that he wanted to throw strikes to Rhodes, but didn't want to disrespect the orders of his catcher.

In , Venezuelan Alex Cabrera hit 55 home runs with five games left in the season, with several of those to be played against Oh's Hawks. Oh told his pitchers to throw strikes to Cabrera, but most of them ignored his order and threw balls well away from the plate. After the game, Oh stated, "If you're going to break the record, you should do it by more than one. Do it by a lot."  In the wake of the most recent incident involving Cabrera, ESPN listed Oh's single-season home run record as #2 on its list of "The Phoniest Records in Sports".

Eventually, in , Curaçaoan-Dutch Tokyo Yakult Swallows outfielder Wladimir Balentien broke the NPB single-season home run record, finishing the season with 60 home runs. In , Swallows infielder Munetaka Murakami broke Oh's record for the most home runs in a single season by a Japanese-born player, hitting 56 home runs in the regular season.

Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (2005–present)
Daiei had been under financial pressure to sell its stake in the team over the previous few years, with reports in 2003 suggesting the company would sell the team and the Fukuoka Dome. After filing for a bankruptcy reorganization provision in 2004, Daiei attempted to hold on to the team and held discussions with its primary lenders, including UFJ Bank, to see if it could find a way to retain the team, but ultimately the sale went through to SoftBank Group on January 28, 2005. SoftBank had been interested in owning a baseball team since 2002 and agreed to purchase all 14,432,000 of Daiei's shares in the team, which accounted for 98% of team ownership, for 15 billion yen. This deal did not include the Fukuoka Dome, which was later sold to an affiliate of the GIC. SoftBank decided to lease the rights to the Fukuoka Dome for 4.8 billion yen per year for 20 years. They would end up purchasing the stadium from the GIC affiliate for 87 billion yen in March 2012, with the stadium being fully owned by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks Marketing Corporation by July 1, 2015.

The Hawks continued their winning ways after the sale of the team to SoftBank. Following the sale, the Hawks represented one of the richest teams in Japan, with a player core still intact from the last years of the Daiei era. Particularly strong was the team's starting pitching behind Saitoh, Tsuyoshi Wada, Nagisa Arakaki, and Toshiya Sugiuchi.  In 2005, the Hawks finished in first place during the regular season, but fell to the eventual Japan Series champions, the Chiba Lotte Marines in the second stage of the Climax Series.  In 2006, a dramatic pennant race led to an even more exciting playoff run that ended in the Sapporo Dome at the hands of the eventual Japan Series Champions, the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters.  Team manager Sadaharu Oh missed most of the 2006 season due to stomach cancer.

The Hawks'  was plagued by injuries and general ineffectiveness and inconsistency, leading to another 3rd-place finish and first-stage exit in the playoffs at the hands of the Marines. In , though various injuries still affected the Hawks' bench (especially the bullpen), the club claimed its first Interleague title in June, winning a tiebreaker against the Hanshin Tigers. However, injuries caught up with them in the final month of the season, and the Hawks finished in last place with a 54–74–2 record.  The finish represented their worst since 1996. Oh announced his transfer to a front office role at the end of the season, as former Hawk and fan favorite Koji Akiyama was named as his successor.

In , the team cracked the playoffs once again on the backs of breakout seasons from surging starting pitcher D. J. Houlton, outfielder Yuya Hasegawa, Rookie of the Year Tadashi Settsu and another stellar season from ace Sugiuchi.  However, the team still was unable to get out of the first stage, as the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles ousted the Hawks in a 2-game sweep.

Team of the 2010s
The Hawks finally reclaimed the Pacific League regular season title in 2010 after a seven-year wait. The title came after a see-saw season in which the team recovered several times after extended losing streaks. Starting pitcher Wada, back from injury through much of the previous two seasons, was, along with fellow ace Sugiuchi, at his best. Wada set career highs in wins and games started.  The reliable "SBM" relieving trio of Settsu, Brian Falkenborg, and Mahara limited opponent offenses late in games.  The bullpen also benefited from the emergence of Keisuke Kattoh and Masahiko Morifuku, with the latter blossoming in the second half of the season.

The Hawks offense was largely composed of role players who seemed to take turns having big games and off days, and it was the team's speed that drove the team as the Hawks led the league in stolen bases in the regular season with 148, well ahead of their nearest challenger, who had 116. Yuichi Honda and Kawasaki combined to steal 89 bases.  However, despite putting forward a strong group, the Hawks failed to make it to the Japan Series, losing to the Chiba Lotte Marines in six games in the Climax Series despite having a 3–1 series lead.

SoftBank won the Pacific League again in 2011, with a dominating season on all fronts.  The offense was bolstered further by the acquisition of former Yokohama BayStars outfielder Seiichi Uchikawa, who led the league in batting in 2011. Pitching from Sugiuchi, Wada and an excellent bounce-back season from Houlton also helped propel the team to the best record in NPB.  After sweeping the Saitama Seibu Lions in the Pacific League Climax Series, the Hawks took on the Chunichi Dragons to win the Japan Series, a rematch of the 1999 Japan Series.  The Dragons pushed SoftBank to the full seven games, but the Hawks shut out the Dragons 3–0 in the seventh game to win their first Japan Series since 2003.

The 2012 season started with losses for the Hawks. During the off season, they lost their star starters Tsuyoshi Wada (to the Baltimore Orioles), Toshiya Sugiuchi and D.J. Houlton (to Yomiuri Giants) through free agency. All star shortstop Munenori Kawasaki also left the team for the Seattle Mariners. Closer Takahiro Mahara would sit out the season through injury. To compensate for these losses, the team acquired outfielder Wily Mo Peña and starter Brad Penny from MLB, in addition to starter Kazuyuki Hoashi from the Lions. However, of the 3 major signings, only  Peña made regular contributions. Hoashi and Penny made two starts combined in 2012, as Hoashi missed almost the entire season with an injury and Penny was released.

The team had to deal with their off season losses to their pitching staff from within the organization. Settsu was elevated to the team's ace, while young pitchers such as Kenji Otonari and Hiroki Yamada were given bigger roles. Nagisa Arakaki returned from long-term injury to join the rotation.  However, new closer Falkenborg had to sit out most of the season through injury, eventually handing over the role to Morifuku. Arakaki could not regain his former numbers. In the end, the losses could not be mitigated. Despite a tailspin to end the season, the Hawks snuck into the Climax Series, finishing 3rd in the Pacific League regular season standings, one game over the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles, but eventually lost out to the pennant-winning Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters in the P.L. Climax Series Final Stage. The bright spark of the season came from rookie starter Shota Takeda, who went 8–1 with an ERA of 1.07.

In 2014 the Hawks won the Japan Series in five games over the Hanshin Tigers. Manager Koji Akiyama retired after the season, and the team named his former teammate Kimiyasu Kudo to succeed him.  Under Kudoh's stewardship, SoftBank won for a second consecutive season in 2015 again in five games, this time over the Tokyo Yakult Swallows. Outfielder Yuki Yanagita won Pacific League MVP, the batting title, and a Triple 3 (.300 BA, 30 HR, 30 SB or better in all 3 categories). It marked the first time since the Seibu Lions won three in a row from 1990 to 1992 that a team had won consecutive Japan Series championships.

After falling to Shohei Ohtani and the Fighters in 2016, the Hawks rebounded to win the 2017 Japan Series on the back of a dominating 94-49-0 season, their best season since  in terms of winning percentage and their first 90 win season since , in six games over the Yokohama DeNA BayStars, in a series where the Hawks led 3–0, but were almost pushed to a seventh game.
The following year the Hawks also won the 2018 Japan Series against the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in six games, making it back to back titles for a second time, and four out of the last five; the next year, they became the first team to win three straight Japan Series titles since the Seibu Lions did it from 1990 to 1992, by sweeping the Yomiuri Giants. Pitcher Kodai Senga would blossom into the team's ace over their run of six championships in seven seasons, as he also threw the team's first no-hitter since 1943 on September 6, 2019, against the Chiba Lotte Marines.

2020s
In , the Hawks won the 2020 Japan Series, again in a four game sweep over the Yomiuri Giants, becoming the first team to win more than three consecutive Japan Series titles since the Yomiuri Giants won the last of nine consecutive titles in 1973. They also became the first team in NPB history to sweep two Japan Series against the same opponent in back-to-back seasons. Most notably, Matt Moore pitched seven no-hit innings in Game 3 of that Japan Series as the Hawks came within one out of the first combined no-hitter in Japan Series play since Daisuke Yamai and Hitoki Iwase threw a combined perfect game for the Chunichi Dragons to end the 2007 Japan Series.

The Hawks ended an injury-riddled and underwhelming  with a 60-62-21 record, finishing 4th in the Pacific League, the first time the team had not qualified for the playoffs since 2013. This also was the first time since 2008 that the Hawks failed to maintain a .500 winning percentage season, as manager Kimiyasu Kudo stepped down after the conclusion of the 2021 season.

Following Kudo's departure, farm team manager Hiroshi Fujimoto was promoted to the majors to be the new manager for . Yuki Yanagita was named team captain by Fujimoto, becoming the first team captain since Seiichi Uchikawa gave up the role after the  season. The Hawks went on a tear to begin the season, winning eight straight games, with Fujimoto being the first new manager to win seven consecutive games, and the first time since 1955 that the Hawks won eight straight games to open the season. A solid spring, including a Maddux no-hitter by Nao Higashihama on May 12 against the Saitama Seibu Lions, followed by a less than ideal summer filled with ups and downs, including going 1-9 in their annual Hawk Festival series and being the first team since the  Seibu Lions to be no-hit by the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, led to the Hawks losing the pennant race to the Orix Buffaloes via tiebreaker after the Hawks lost to the Chiba Lotte Marines on the final day of the season, with both teams finishing with a record of 76-65-2. This marked the first time the top two teams in a league shared the exact same record in NPB history at the conclusion of the regular season, resulting in a tiebreaker being necessary. The Hawks lost the overall regular season series against Orix, as the Buffaloes won 15 games against them in comparison to SoftBank's 10 wins, resulting in Orix taking the 2022 Pacific League pennant. They would eventually fall to the Buffaloes in the second stage of the Climax Series, breaking an eighteen game playoff winning streak in the process.

On October 10, 2022, the Hawks announced the formation of a yon-gun squad (third farm team), becoming the first team in NPB to begin operations on a third farm team, beginning play in 2023. Before the  season, the Hawks added to their already loaded core in response to losing ace Kodai Senga to the New York Mets by signing elite contact hitter Kensuke Kondoh to a 7-year deal from the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, reworking their foreign hitter core by replacing Yurisbel Gracial and Alfredo Despaigne with independent league slugger Courtney Hawkins and utility man Willians Astudillo (Despaigne would later be re-signed midway through the 2023 season), poaching pitchers Joe Gunkel and Roberto Osuna away from the Hanshin Tigers and Chiba Lotte Marines, and signing Kohei Arihara after a failed stint with the Texas Rangers. Despite these additions and Kondoh breaking out for a near Triple Crown season, only losing it out to Yuma Tongu also having a breakout campaign and winning the 2022 Pacific League Batting Title, the Hawks were unable to climb the mountain and settled for a third place finish in Pacific League, losing out on second on the final day of regular season play, the second year in a row where they lost position on the final day of the regular season. Eventually, they would fall short, losing to the Marines in the 1st Stage of the Pacific League Climax Series. After that, it was announced thst Fujimoto was to step down as manager, to be replaced by the club's ni-gun team manager Hiroki Kokubo.

Roster

Former players

Hawks former players

Retired numbers
none

Honored numbers

Sadaharu Oh's 89 was originally planned to be retired or honored after his retirement, but Oh made clear his preference to give the number to his successor.  Ultimately, however, the man who replaced him as manager of the Hawks, Akiyama, declined to wear the number on the grounds that the honor of bearing it would be too great so shortly after Oh's departure.  Instead, Akiyama wore the number 81.

Managers

 Statistics current through the end of the  season.

Mascots
The Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks have the largest number of mascots in NPB, with a total of eleven active mascots. Nine of them are traditional mascots that are a part of the Hawk Family, with two other miscellaneous traditional mascots. The currently known family members since 1992 are as follows:
Harry Hawk – a 23 year old yellow hawk with an orange beak wearing the number 100, Harry supports the team as the main mascot. He is the youngest brother of Homer Hawk, the former main mascot when the team was owned by Daiei. Harry is the only one with a Twitter account.
Honey Hawk – an 18 year old pink female hawk. Honey is Harry's girlfriend and the namesake of the Honeys, the Hawks' dancing and cheerleading squad.
Herculy Hawk – a 23 year old brown hawk wearing the number 200, Herculy is Harry's teammate as well as his longstanding rival since Hawk University days. Herculy is only seen wearing the team's away jersey, even at home and during special events, such as Hawks Festival or Fight! Kyushu days.
Honky Hawk – a 57 year old brown hawk, Honky is Harry's uncle, and the mayor of Hawks Town. He loves baseball and wears a brown fedora.
Helen Hawk – a 55 year old female hawk, Helen is Honky's wife. They had eloped during their high school days.
Hack Hawk – Harry's 7 year old nephew and the oldest brother of Hock and Rick. Hack wears red-lined T-shirt and the same color cap.
Rick Hawk – Harry's 5 year old nephew and middle of Hawk brothers. Rick wears glasses and blue-lined T-shirt and the same color cap.
Hock Hawk – Harry's 3 year old nephew and youngest brother of Hack and Rick. Hock wears a green-lined T-shirt and the same color cap.
Homer Hawk – The original mascot of the Hawks from 1989 to 2004 and the older brother of the team's current mascot Harry.
The Hawks also had 2 VTuber avatar mascots, named Takamine Umi and Aritaka Hina. Unveiled on November 9th, 2020, they have their own YouTube channel as well as their own Twitter profiles. They also make appearances on the PayPay Dome's video board. The two were retired in December of 2022.

Temporarily in 2020, the Hawks had 10 Spot robots from Boston Dynamics (at the time SoftBank owned Boston Dynamics) and 10 Pepper robots from SoftBank Robotics to replace the fans during a game against the Eagles due to COVID-19 restrictions in NPB games. They were still used when 5,000 fans were allowed in NPB games as fans were still not allowed to sing or use their voices to make noises, only through clapping or cheering batons.

The Hawks are the only other team, aside from the Fighters, to have a mascot primarily for their second team, and are the only team with one in the Western League (the Fighters' ni-gun team plays out of the Eastern League), in a chick named Hinamaru. He wears the team's cap, and has an eggshell that looks like a baseball.

The Hawks also have a mascot named Fu-san, who is based on a jet balloon that fans launch during the Lucky 7, prior to when the Hawks are up to bat in the 7th inning.

In 2023, the Hawks introduced their twelfth mascot, Barikata-kun, a pig with a retractable hairline.

MLB players
Retired/Former:
Masanori Murakami (1964–1965)
Tadahito Iguchi (2005–2008)
Kenji Johjima (2006–2009)
Munenori Kawasaki (2012–2016)
Tsuyoshi Wada (2014-2015)

Active:
Kodai Senga (2023-present)

Note: The Hawks are the only team in NPB to have never posted a player under the current posting system implemented in .

Notes

External links
 Official website
 Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – NPB official website
 Official Channel on YouTube

Baseball teams established in 1938
Nippon Professional Baseball teams
SoftBank Group
Sports clubs and teams in Fukuoka
1938 establishments in Japan

Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks