Mason Welch Gross (June 3, 1911 – October 11, 1977) was an American television quiz show personality, philosopher and academic. The namesake of Mason Gross School of the Arts, he served as the sixteenth President of Rutgers University from 1959 to 1971.

Biography
He was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1911 to Hilda Frances Welch (c. 1880-1962) and Charles Welles Gross (1877–1957). He had two siblings: Spencer Gross (1906–1982) and Cornelia Gross (1914-?). Charles Gross was an attorney. Mason started in the Hartford public grade school system and two years at Hartford High School. He then entered the Taft School, a preparatory school in Watertown, Connecticut in 1925. In 1927 he became ill following his inoculation for scarlet fever. He missed a year of school and spent part of the year at a ranch belonging to his mother's cousin in Arizona.

Mason earned his Bachelor of Arts in 1934; and Master of Arts degree in classics in 1937, at Jesus College, University of Cambridge. While there he rowed under the legendary Steve Fairbairn.

He returned to the United States and studied at Harvard University under Alfred North Whitehead, earning his PhD in 1938. He taught at Columbia University from 1938 to 1942, where he met Julia Kernan, a Vassar graduate, and they married on September 6, 1940. They had four children together: Ellen Clarissa Gross who married Frank A. Miles, Katharine Wood Gross who married Clayton H. Farnham, Charles Welles Gross, and Thomas Welch Gross.

He then served in World War II in the Army Intelligence Corps, and was assigned to a bomber group based in Italy. Gross earned the Bronze Star, and was later discharged as a Captain.

He then became Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Assistant to the Dean of Arts and Science at Rutgers University in 1946. In 1947 he was promoted to assistant dean and associate professor, and in 1949 was appointed to the newly created position of provost to take over the duties of the ailing Robert Clarkson Clothier who took a leave of absence. Clothier resigned his office in 1951 and  Gross continued as provost under the newly appointed Lewis Webster Jones. He was then given the additional title of vice president in 1958. Jones resigned the presidency in August 1958, and in February 1959, Gross was chosen as president. On May 6, 1959, he became the sixteenth president of Rutgers University.

From 1949 to 1950 he was a panelist on the television quiz show, Think Fast. He was also a judge for the show, Two for the Money from 1952 to 1955.

He oversaw large-scale development on all the University's campuses, including the development of Livingston College from the Army's former Camp Kilmer. Gross served during turbulent times with student protests over the Vietnam War which saw the Rutgers ROTC building burned, and race riots in nearby Newark, New Jersey in 1967.

During this time, Gross received recognition for refusing to dismiss Eugene Genovese, a professor who early during the Vietnam War publicly supported the Viet Cong and welcomed their victory in Southeast Asia. During his tenure Rutgers University acquired the Center of Alcohol Studies in 1962, formerly housed at Yale University since the 1920s, and established a medical school.

In 1971, after 25 years of service, 12 as the university president, he retired. He then became the director of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation and served until his death. At the time of his death, he was a resident of Rumson, New Jersey.

He died in Riverview Hospital in Red Bank, New Jersey, at age 66 in 1977.

Legacy
The School for the Creative and Performing Arts at Rutgers was renamed as the Mason Gross School of the Arts in 1979 in his honor.

In 1980 Rutgers University Press published The Selected Speeches of Mason Welch Gross.

Timeline
1911 Birth in Hartford, Connecticut
1920  Hartford, Connecticut
1925 Attends Taft School in Watertown, Connecticut
1934 B.A. from Jesus College, Cambridge
1937 M.A. in classics from Jesus College, Cambridge
1938 Ph.D. from Harvard University
1938 Begins as instructor at Columbia University
1940 Marriage to Julia Kernan
1942 Ends as instructor at Columbia University
1942 Begins Army Intelligence Corps in Italy during World War II
1945 Ends Army Intelligence Corps
1946 Assistant professor of philosophy and assistant to the dean of the College of Arts and Science at Rutgers University
1949 Promoted to Full Professor at Rutgers University and made provost to Robert Clarkson Clothier
1949 Begins as panelist on Think Fast
1950 Ends as panelist on Think Fast
1951 Robert Clothier resigns and Lewis Webster Jones becomes president
1952 Begins tenure as judge on Two for the Money
1955 Ends tenure as judge on Two for the Money
1958 Vice Presidency of Rutgers University
1958 Lewis Webster Jones resigns in August
1959 Presidency of Rutgers University on May 6
1971 Retired from Rutgers University
1975 Mason Gross School of the Arts created
1977 Death in Red Bank, New Jersey

Organizations

Board of directors
Vassar College
Taft School
Middlesex General Hospital

Trustee
American Cancer Society
Mediation Board of New Jersey
National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges

References

Sources
New York Times; August 8, 1954, Sunday; Dr. Mason Gross Judges Quiz Player's Answers. The quiet-spoken, scholarly gentleman seated adjacent to the Quizmaster on C. B. S. television's "Two for the Money" show is Dr. Mason Gross, Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University, and a one-man television brain trust. ...
New York Times; February 28, 1959; Gross Named Rutgers President; Scholar Once a TV Personality; Arbiter of Quiz Show Joined Faculty in 1946.  Taught Classes in Philosophy. Dr. Gross Named Head of Rutgers. Joint Announcement Noted as Speaker. New Brunswick, New Jersey, February 27, 1959; Dr. Mason W. Gross, a 47-year-old scholar, philosophy professor and former television personality, was named today as the sixteenth president of Rutgers University. ...
New York Times; May 7, 1959, Thursday; The new president of Rutgers University, Dr. Mason Welch Gross, is known on the campus at New Brunswick, New Jersey, as a man of unflagging ability. He has demonstrated it in many ways. ...

External links
Rutgers Leaders, Rutgers History: Mason W. Gross (at the Rutgers University website)
Inventory to the Records of the Rutgers University Office of the President (Mason Welch Gross), 1936, 1945-1971 (at Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University)
The Mason Gross School of the Arts
Mason Gross memorial

1911 births
1977 deaths
Taft School alumni
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Harvard University alumni
Columbia University faculty
Educators from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Rumson, New Jersey
Presidents of Rutgers University
United States Army Air Forces officers
Military personnel from New Jersey
20th-century American academics

Mason Welch Gross


A constable is a person doing a certain job, most commonly in law enforcement.  The work and role of a constable can vary a lot in different countries.

Historically,  the word constable comes from the Latin,  comes  stabuli, count of the stables. It came from the Eastern Roman Empire. Originally, the constable was the person who kept the horses of a lord or monarch. The title was later used in the monarchies  of medieval  Europe. In many countries, the constable became a high military rank and great officer of State such as, the Constable of France.

In modern times, constables are law enforcement officers. In the United Kingdom,  Commonwealth of Nations and some European countries, a constable is the  lowest rank of police  officer. In the United States  a constable is usually an elected peace officer, with less powers than a sheriff. However, in the Channel Islands  a constable is an elected office-holder at the parish level.

Historically, a  constable could also be someone in charge of the defence of a castle. Even today, there is a Constable of the Tower of London.

It is a similar position to Marshal, which comes from Old High German  marah "horse" and schalh  "servant",  and originally meant "stable keeper",  which has a similar etymology.

References

Law enforcement occupations

Constable


The Dreamer is a 1985 thinly disguised autobiographical graphic novel by Will Eisner about his early years as a cartoonist for comic books in the 1930s, with a particular focus on his years as part of Eisner & Iger studios.

The book delves into the early years of the comic book industry and how the idealistic Eisner and his more pragmatic partner organized a business to supply material for publishers.

The incidents Eisner adapts for the story include how Jack Kirby frightened off a mobster who was attempting to intimidate his employer.  A major plot point is how Eisner's principles and ideals sometimes complicated his business affairs such as the adaptation of the account of when he refused to perjure himself in court in a copyright infringement lawsuit over Wonder Man and thus cost his business a major account. (In reality, Eisner did testify on the stand that Wonder Man was an original creation.)

Eventually, Eisner decides to leave this successful life behind when he accepts the opportunity to produce a comic book for a newspaper syndicate, which resulted in the creation of The Spirit.

A later edition of the book contains a reference guide to the characters and their real world analogues.

References

External links
 The Dreamer on the official Will Eisner site
 Comicology: A review of The Dreamer

1985 graphic novels
1985 comics debuts
American graphic novels
Comics set in the United States
Autobiographical graphic novels
Books by Will Eisner
Comics by Will Eisner
Comics about comics

The Dreamer (comics)


Wallace Andrew Hebert (August 21, 1907 – December 8, 1999) was a sidearming left-handed Major League Baseball starting pitcher who played from 1931 to 1933 for the St. Louis Browns and in 1943 for the Pittsburgh Pirates. His professional career began in 1930.

Baseball career
Hebert played for the Springfield Midgets in 1930, going 15–16 in 36 games. He rose to the big leagues quickly, making his debut on May 1, 1931, with the Browns. That season, Hebert went 6–7 with a 5.07 ERA in 23 games (13 starts). In 103 innings, he walked 43 batters and struck out only 26.

In 1932, Hebert went 1–12 with a 6.48 ERA in 35 games (15 starts). In 108 innings, he had 29 strikeouts and 45 base on balls. After going 4–6 with a 5.30 ERA in 33 games (10 starts) in 1933, he was traded, with Smead Jolley and Jim Levey, to the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League for Alan Strange. He would spend about the next decade in the minor leagues.

In 1934 and 1935, Hebert pitched for the Hollywood Stars, going 11–11 with a 4.24 ERA in 37 games in 1934 and 10–17 with a 4.93 ERA in 39 games in 1935.

Hebert played for the San Diego Padres from 1936 to 1942. In his first year with the Padres, he made 35 appearances, and he went 18–12 with a 3.03 ERA. He posted a 17–14 record with a 3.02 ERA in 39 games in 1937, and in 1938 he went 12–16 with a 3.11 ERA in 37 games. For the first time in his professional career, he won 20 games in 1939, as he went 20–10 with a 3.13 ERA in 39 games. In 1940, he went 15–18 with a 3.92 ERA and in 1941, he went 22–10 with a 3.00 ERA.

After going 22–15 with a 2.37 in 40 games in 1942, Hebert was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1942 Rule 5 draft. With the Pirates in 1943, Hebert went 10–11 with a 2.98 ERA in 34 games (23 starts). In 184 innings, he had 12 complete games and he walked 45 batters, striking out only 41. He played his final big league game on September 29, 1943. Pittsburgh offered him a deal for the 1944 season, however he opted to retire.

Overall, Hebert went 21–36 with a 4.63 in 125 big league appearances (61 starts). In 483 innings, he had 168 walks and only 115 strikeouts. He was also a solid hitter, posting a .270 career batting average in 159 at-bats.

In the minor leagues, Hebert posted a 162–139 record, as well as a .239 batting average.

Chapter 10 of The Walk West, A Walk Across America 2
The book The Walk West, A Walk Across America 2  by Peter Jenkins and Barbara Jenkins tells the second part of the story of the authors' walking trip across the United States. In the 10th chapter, the hikers are traveling through Louisiana and stay for a few days with Wally Hebert and his wife Bobbie. Peter and Barbara Jenkins were friends with Wally Hebert, Jr. in New Orleans, and the younger Hebert suggested at the time that if they were ever passing through the town of Westlake, that they could find a place to stay with Preacher and Bobbie. The 10th chapter is entitled "Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, and Preacher Hebert." In it, Hebert relates his experiences in major and minor league baseball, tells about his life growing up in the Louisiana swamps and bayous, discusses his football experiences, and gives a glimpse into his post baseball life as a farmer and as a fisher of the Louisiana waterways.

The nickname
Hebert got the nickname "Preacher" in first grade when he wore a hat to school that his classmates thought was a preacher's hat. However, The Walk West, A Walk Across America 2 states otherwise. Hebert claims that he got his nickname from baseball, and remarks that his first nickname was "Mississippi Mudcat." However, as another player had that moniker, his teammates then changed the nickname to "Preacher" and he never could figure out why they chose it.

References

External links

1907 births
1999 deaths
Sportspeople from Lake Charles, Louisiana
Baseball players from Louisiana
St. Louis Browns players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players

Wally Hebert


The Moody Church (often mistakenly referred to as Moody Memorial Church) is a historic Protestant (Christian) church in the Lincoln Park neighborhood  of Chicago, Illinois. Construction began in 1924 and completed 1 year later, with dedication of the building on November 8, 1925. The covering area is 140 feet by 225 feet.

Other websites
The Moody Church
The Moody Church's history website
Moody Church Media Resource Library
Information from the Billy Graham Center's Archive

Evangelicalism
Churches in Chicago
1925 establishments in Illinois

Moody Church


Vern Thiessen (born c. 1964) is a Canadian playwright.

Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Thiessen studied at the University of Winnipeg and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He later attended the University of Alberta, where he obtained a Master of Fine Arts degree.

Thiessen previously lived in Edmonton, Alberta and was formerly a drama instructor at the University of Alberta. He is a past president of both the Playwrights Guild of Canada and the Writers' Guild of Alberta.

Thiessen is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Governor General's Award for English-language drama (Einstein's Gift), the Carol Bolt Award for Best Play (Vimy) and the Sterling Award for Outstanding New Play (Apple). He has also received the City of Edmonton Arts Achievement Award and the Alumni Award of Excellence from the University of Alberta. He has been nominated several times for other awards including the Siminovitch Prize in Theatre, and was a finalist for the Governor General's Award for Lenin's Embalmers.

Thiessen's work has been translated into several languages including German, French, Polish and Hebrew.  His plays are performed regularly in Canada, the United States, the UK and Europe. He has also been produced in Australia and Asia. Shakespeare's Will has been produced twice at Canada's Stratford Festival. Lenin's Embalmers, A More Perfect Union and Einstein's Gift have been produced Off-Broadway.

Thiessen has served as playwright in residence at the Citadel Theatre and Workshop West Theatre in Edmonton. He is currently an associate artist at Epic Theatre Ensemble.  He is also project associate for the New Play Frontiers program at People's Light at Theatre in Malvern, PA.

Thiessen is currently at work on several commissions for the Ensemble Studio Theatre (New York), Touchstone Theatre/Patrick Street (Vancouver), Soulpepper Theatre Company (Toronto) and Epic Theatre Ensemble (New York.) His plays are published by Playwrights Canada Press.

From 2007 until 2014 he lived in New York City. He is married to novelist Susie Moloney.

Vern served as Artistic Director of Work Shop West Theatre in Edmonton beginning in 2014.

In 2014 he won the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding New Play for his theatrical adaptation of W. Somerset Maugham's novel Of Human Bondage.

In 2022, Thiessen returned to his hometown of Winnipeg, where he became the school director for the Manitoba Theatre for Young People.

Theatrical works
 1987: The Courier
 1990: The Resurrection of John Frum
 1996: Blowfish
 2002: Apple
 2003: Einstein's Gift
 2005: Shakespeare's Will
 2006: Back to Berlin
2007: Vimy
2007: Bird Brain
2007: Rich (with composer Olaf Pyttlik)
2009: A More Perfect Union
2010: Lenin's Embalmers
2011: The Last Tree of Rapa Nui (with composer Olaf Pyttlik)
2012: Do Not Disturb
2014: Of Human Bondage (adaptation)
2019: Pugwash
2022: Bluebirds
2023: Icemen

References

External links
 Vern Thiessen

1960s births
Living people
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Winnipeg
University of Alberta alumni
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
University of Winnipeg alumni
Governor General's Award-winning dramatists
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian Mennonites
Mennonite writers

Vern Thiessen


Cyclonic separation is a process to take out all of the unwanted particles from air, gas, or steam. The process uses a process called vortex separation and does not use filtering. It uses rotational and gravitational force to separate the unwanted particles. The process is done in a device called cyclone separator or "cyclone". The word "cyclone" in meteorology (weather) is a force in which the air's movement spirals inward.

Usage
 Cement industry
 Fossil fuel power stations
 Oil refinery
 Sawmill

Engineering

Cyclonic separation


A Steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant where steel is manufactured. Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. Usually steel is produced in two stages: First, iron ore is reduced (or smelted) with coke and limestone. This is done in a blast furnace, and the result is pig iron. The part that is not used for pig iron is carried on as molten iron. Impurities are removed, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium are added to produce the exact steel required. Steel mills then turn molten steel into blooms, ingots, slabs and sheet through casting, hot rolling and cold rolling.

Industries

Steel mill


Isaac Wilson (June 25, 1780 Middlebury, then Vermont Republic, now Addison County, Vermont – October 25, 1848 Batavia, Kane County, Illinois) was an American politician from New York and Illinois.

Life
Wilson served in the War of 1812 as a captain of Cavalry. He moved to Batavia, New York. He was a member from Genesee County of the New York State Assembly in 1816–1817. He was a member of the New York State Senate (Western D.) from 1818 to 1821. He was First Judge of the Genesee County Court from 1821 to 1823.

Wilson was declared elected as a Democratic-Republican to the 18th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1823, to January 7, 1824, when he was succeeded by Parmenio Adams. Wilson took his seat when Congress met on December 1, 1823, but Adams contested Wilson's election, because the election inspectors had made mistakes when certifying the returns.

Wilson was again First Judge of the Genesee County Court from 1830 to 1836. Afterwards he moved to Head of the Big Woods in Illinois. At Wilson's suggestion, the place was renamed Batavia, Illinois, after his former home.  He was appointed Postmaster of Batavia on February 6, 1841, and served until July 21, 1846, when his successor was appointed.

He was buried at the East Batavia Cemetery in Batavia, Illinois.

See also

1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

References

Sources

The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 71, 123f, 147, 192, 317, 360 and 448; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1867; page 269)
Cases of Contested Elections in Congress 1789 to 1834 compiled by Matthew St. Clair Clarke and David A. Hall (Washington, D.C., 1834; Case XLIX, pages 369ff)
Place Names of Illinois by Edward Callary (page 25)

1780 births
1848 deaths
New York (state) state court judges
New York (state) state senators
Members of the New York State Assembly
People from Middlebury, Vermont
Illinois postmasters
People from Batavia, Illinois
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
19th-century American legislators
19th-century American judges
Members of the United States House of Representatives removed by contest

Isaac Wilson (American politician)


Atumo-Ede (Yoruba-English) ()

Yoruba-English

B

1.	Ba: v. 'to hide' Mo ba sí abẹ́ igi; I hid under the tree.

2.	Bà: v. (i) to ferment: Kòkó náà ti bà; The cocoa has fermented (ii) to perch: Ẹyẹ náà bà; The bird perched (iii) to foment: Mo ba egbò rẹ̀; I fomented his ulcer (iv) to hit: Òkúta tí ó sọ bà mí; The stone he threw hit me. (v) to be afraid: Ẹ̀rù bà mí; I was afraid. (vi) settle: Ẹyẹ náà bá sórí ẹ̀ka igi ka; The bird settled on a branch.

3.	Bẹ́: v. (i) to burst: Ó bẹ́ pẹ̀ẹ́; It bursts (ii) to cut: Ó bẹ́ ẹ ní orí; He cut his head off (iii) to jump: Ọmọ náà bẹ́; The child jumped (iv) to buy a little quantity of a commodity: Ó bẹ́ tábà; He bought a little quantity of tobacco (vi) to crack: Orógbó náà bẹ́; The bitter cola cracked when it was eaten (vii) to start: Òràn ti bẹ́; Trouble has started (viii) to puncture: Táyà náà bẹ́; The tyre punctured (iv) to spat: Ó bẹ́ itọ́; He Spat.

4.	Bẹ: v. (i) to be bright: Ó bẹ; It is bright (ii) to peel: Ó bẹ iṣu náà; He peeled the yam (iii) to speak cheekily: Ó bẹ si mi; He spoke cheekily to me (iv) to exist: Ó ń bẹ; It exists (v) to be forward/to be screwed: Ọmọkùnrin yẹn bẹ;  That boy is too forward.

5.	Bẹ̀: v. 'beg': Ó bẹ̀ mí; He begged me (ii) apologize: O ti ṣẹ Olú. Bẹ́ ẹ̀ 'You have offended Olú. Apologize to him. (iii) implore: Ó bẹ olè náà kí ó máà kó gbogbo owó wọn lọ; He implored the robber not to take all their money (iv) ask: Ó bẹ̀ wà lọ́wẹ̀; He asked us for communal help.

6.	Bí: v. (i) to give birth to: Ó bímọ; She gave birth to a baby (ii) to be annoyed: Ó ń bínú; He is annoyed (iii) If: Bí o lù mi n ó lù ọ́; If you hit me I will hit you. (iv) Question marker: Ó lọ bí?; Did he go? (v) how: Ó kọ́ mi bí mo ti máa se é; He taught me how to do it (vi) that: Ó ní àfi bí òun pa á; He says there is nothing but that he will kill him (vii) When/after: Bí ó ti rí mi, inú rè dùn; When he saw me, he was happy (viii) like: Ó rí bí Olú; He is like Olú (ix) as: Ṣe bí mo ti wí; Do as I say (x) bear: Obìnrin yẹn ti bí ọmọ mẹ́wàá;  That woman has borne ten children (xi) born: Ọdún tí ó kọjá ni wọ́n bí Olú; Olú was born last year (xii) just: Adé wole bí mo se jádé; Adè entered just as I left (xiii) more: Ènìyàn bí ogbọ̀n ló wà nílé rẹ̀; There were thirty people in his house, more or less (xiv) reproduce: Ológbò máa ń bí ní ẹ̀ẹ̀méjì lọ́dún; Cats reproduce twice a year (xv) such: Wọ́n ń fẹ́ èso tí ó kún fún omi bí i osàn; They want some juicy fruit such as orange (xvi) whether: Nò mọ̀ bí ó máa wá tàbí kò níí wá; I don't know whether he will come or not'.

7.	Bi: v. to ask: Ó bi í ní ìbéèrè; He asked him questions.

8.	Bì: v.(i) to vomit: Ó bì; He vomited (ii) Ó bì mí; He pushed me (iii) to change colour: Aṣọ náà máa ń bì; The cloth always changes its colour(s) (iv) sick: Olú bì nígbà tí ó jẹ iyán ní àjẹjù; Olú was sick when he ate too much pounded yam.

9.	Bo: v. to hide: Ó bo sí abẹ́ igi; He hid under the tree.

	Bò: v. (i) to cover: Ó bo abọ́ náà; He covered the plate (ii) to roof: A bo ilé wa; We roofed our house (iii) to have plenty of leaves: Igi ìrókò náà bò; The ìrókò tree is dense with leaves (iv) smoother: Eruku bò mí 'I was smothered in dust.

10.	Bọ: v. to worship: Ó bọ òrìṣà; He worshipped the deity.

D

1.	Dán: v. to be smooth: Ó dán; It is smooth (ii) glitter: Òrùka náà ń dán ní ìka ọwọ́ rẹ̀; The ring glittered on her finger (iii) sparkle: Dáyámọ́ǹdì náà ń dán bí iná tí ó mọ́lẹ̀ náà ṣe tàn sí i; The diamond sparkled in the bright light.

2.	Dẹ: v.to hunt: Ó dẹ ìgbẹ́; He hunted for animals in the bush (ii) to incite: Mo dẹ wọ́n sí i; I incited them against him.

3.	Dí: v. (i) to block: Ó dí ihò; He blocked the hole (ii) stuff up: Imú mi dí; My nose is stuffed up (iii) bar: Wọ́n dí ònà tí ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé náà; They barred the way to the school.

4.	Di: v. for: Ó múra sílẹ̀ di ọjọ́ náà; He made himself ready for the day (ii) to be deaf: Etí rẹ̀ di; He is deaf (iii) run: Omi náà ti di gbígbẹ; The river has run dry (iv) bandage: Dótítà di ọwọ́ tí Olú fi pa; The doctor bandaged Olú's cut hand.

5.	Dín: v. (i) to fry: Ó dín ẹran; he fried meat (ii) to reduce: Ó dín owó ọjà; He reduced the price of the good (iii) discount: A ó dín ọ ní náírà mẹ́wàá; We shall give you a discount of ten naira. (iv) decline: Iye ọmọ ilé-ìwé tí ó wà níbí ti dín; There had been a decline in the number of students here.

6.	Dó: v. (i) to settle: Ó dó sí Ìbàdàn; He settled at Ìbàdàn (ii) a vulgar language for to have sexual intercourse with: Ó dó o; He had sexual intercourse with her.

7.	Dú: v. to slaughter: Ó dú u; He slaughtered it (ii) to darken/to blacken: Ó rẹ ẹ́ dú; he dyed it to a dark colour.

8.	Du: v. to run: Ó du lọ; He rushed away.

9.	dù: v. (i) to compete for/to scramble for: Wọ́n du ipò náà; They compete for the post (ii) to deny: Ó fi ipò mi dù mí; He denied me of my post (iii) vie: Wọ́n ń du ẹ̀bùn ipò kìíní; They were vying for first prize.

10.	Dún: v. (i) to give forth a sound: Ó dún bí ìbọn; It sounds like a gun; Ìbọn náà dún;  The report of the gun was audible (ii) squeak: Ilẹ̀kùn náà dún nígbà tí mo ṣí i; The door squeaked when I opened it. (iii) ring: Fóònù ń dún; The telephone is ringing.

F

1.	Fá: v. to shave: Ó fá irun rẹ̀; He shaved his hair, Ó fá ọbẹ̀ dànù; He scrapped out the remaining of the soup and threw it away.

2.	Fẹ̀: v. (i) to expand/to enlarge: Ó ń fẹ̀; It is expanding, Ó fẹ ihò náà; he enlarged the hole (ii) to be extensive: Ó fẹ̀; It is extensive (iii) to sit relaxedly: Ó fẹ̀; He sat relaxedly (iv) broad: Èjìká rẹ̀ fẹ̀; He has a broad shoulder (v) deep: Ohùn rẹ̀ fẹ̀; He has a deep voice.

3.	Fi: v. (i) to whirl something round: Mo fi apa mi; I swung my arm round and round (ii) to dangle: Ó ń fi dorodoro; he is dangling and oscillation to and fro (iii) to be too much: Náírà kan fi í lọ́wọ́ láti ná fún mi; Even a naira is irksome to him to spend for me (iv) wave: Ó fi agboòrùn rẹ̀; He waved his umbrella.

4.	Fín: v. (i) Ó fi Sheltox fin yàrá ná; He sprays the room with Sheltox (ii) to blow: Ó fin iná;  He blew the fire to make it burn up (iii) to be acceptable. Ẹbọ á fin; The sacrifice would be accepted by the deities, e.g. good-luck (iv) to cut patterns on something: Ó fín igbá; He carved patterns on the calabash.

5.	Fó: v. (i) to be clear: Ilẹ̀ ti fó; The ground is clear (ii) to float: Ó fó lórí omi; It floated on the river.

6.	Fun: v.(i) to blow: Ó fun fèrè; He blows the whistle (ii) to play: Wọ́n fun fèrè; They played a wood wind.

G

1.	Gá: v. to be tired: Ó gá mi (slang); I am tired/I give up.

2.	Gàn: v. to despise: Ó gàn án; He despised him (ii) sneer: Ó gàn mí; He sneered at me.

3.	Gẹ̀: v. (i) to cut: Ó gẹ irun; He cut his hair (ii) to pet: Ó gẹ̀ mí; He petted me (iii) to put something on in a jaunty way: Ó gẹ gèlè' She puts on her head-kerchief in a jaunty way.

4.	Gọ́: v. to be tired (slang): Ó gọ́ mi; I am tired.

5.	Gọ: v.to lurk in hiding: Ó gọ; he lurked in hiding

Atúmọ̀-Èdè (Yorùbá-Gẹ̀ẹ́sì): Ba


Leonid "Tarzan" Fainberg kent as Ludwig Lyosha Fainberg an aw (born 1958) is an Israeli mobster. Born in Odessa, Fainberg left the Soviet Union in the early 1980s for Israel, an muivit tae the Unitit States follaein the faw o the Soviet Union. In the mid-1990s, Fainberg attemptit tae purchase a Soviet submarine for uise in drog trokin for a Colombie cocaine cartel. Fainberg livit in Miami atween 1990 an 1997, when he wis arrestit an convictit o smugglin an racketeerin. He spent thirty months in jyle afore his trial, an wis deportit tae Israel efter the conviction. A year later Fainberg wis livin in Canadae, wirkin in sex tred, but in Januar 2003 Canadian immigration authorities arrestit him an deportit him back tae Israel.

References

1958 births
Fowk frae Odessa
Soviet emigrants tae Israel
Israeli mobsters
Roushie mobsters
Airms traders
Livin fowk

Ludwig Fainberg


The Basha Kill Wildlife Management Area (also known as the Bashakill Wildlife Management Area) is a  conservation area consisting of wetlands and uplands along the Basher Kill in Sullivan County, New York.

The primary purposes of Bashakill Wildlife Management Area (WMA) are for wildlife management, wildlife habitat management, and wildlife-dependent recreation. This 3,107-acre WMA contains the largest freshwater wetland in southeastern New York, and is a state designated Bird Conservation Area. Its 1,920-acre wetland is a birdwatcher's dream, drawing birders during the spring warbler migration and spring and fall waterfowl migrations due to the influx of interesting birds. Both bald eagles and osprey are commonly seen from the many easy access points. The forested uplands that surround the wetland provide a peaceful setting where one can enjoy a quiet walk in the woods. There is a substantial chestnut oak forest as well as ponds, fields, marshes, and swamps.

See also
 List of New York state wildlife management areas

References

3. https://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/82727.html

External links
Basha Kill Area Association

Wildlife management areas of New York (state)
Protected areas of Sullivan County, New York

Basha Kill Wildlife Management Area


The Second Battle of Krithia () continued the Allies' attempts to advance on the Helles battlefield during the Battle of Gallipoli of the First World War. The village of Krithia and neighbouring hill of Achi Baba had to be captured in order for the British to advance up the Gallipoli peninsula to the forts that controlled passage of the Dardanelles straits. A small amount of ground was captured after two days of costly fighting, but the objectives remained out of reach.

Prelude

Forces
Following the failure of the First Battle of Krithia, the exhausted soldiers of the British 29th Division halted to consolidate their positions. They had to endure a number of Ottoman counter-attacks on 1 and 4 May. Similar counter-attacks were repulsed at the Anzac landing on 2 May so that General William Birdwood, commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps deemed his front sufficiently secure to enable two brigades to be moved to Helles for the next assault on Krithia. These were the Australian 2nd Infantry Brigade and the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, around 5,000 men.

Other British reinforcements included brigades from the Royal Naval Division and the 125th Brigade from the British 42nd (East Lancashire) Division. The 87th and 88th Brigades of the 29th Division would once again be at the forefront of the attack. The Anzac brigades and General Herbert Cox's 29th Indian Brigade (Indian Expeditionary Force G) would be in reserve. The commander at Helles, Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, was woefully lacking in shells for his artillery and those he did have were shrapnel shells which was ineffective against entrenched positions. The navy were somewhat ambitiously still hoarding shells for the anticipated assault on Constantinople.

The Ottomans and their German officers had also been reinforcing their defences around Krithia. Trenches and machine guns positions were hidden and camouflaged by design and placement.
According to Kiazim Pasha the following units were responsible for the defence of Krithia:
1/ and 2/29th Regt (10th Div),
2/56th Regt. (15th Div),
2/19th Regt. (7th Div),
1/ and 4/26th Regt. (9th Div), and
15th Regt. (5th Div).

The infantry actually in front of Krithia on 8 May comprised:
2/25th Regt. (9th Div),
1/20th Regt. (7th Div), and
2/56th Regt. (15th Div).

The Ottomans had seven field-batteries positioned on either side of Achi Baba, as well as a six-gun battery of  howitzers.

Terrain

While Cape Helles is more forgiving than the wild terrain at Anzac Cove, the battlefield still presented difficulties to the attacking force. The ground looked flat but was riven by four large gullies, or deres, running from Achi Baba towards the Cape. On the west was Gully Ravine which was separated from the Aegean shore by Gully Spur. Moving east was Fir Tree Spur then Krithia Valley (also known as Krithia Nullah or Kirte Dere) then Krithia Spur then Kanli Dere then Kereves Spur then Kereves Dere which flows into the Dardanelles at Morto Bay. Krithia Spur was bare and exposed so was not favoured for attacks. Gully Spur and Fir Tree Spur offered some cover and so the majority of the British advances were made on these spurs and in the shelter of the gullies.

Plan
Like the first battle, the plan was for a general advance on a broad front across the peninsula.  The attack was divided into three phases. The first phase involved a general advance of one mile across the entire front which would place the French, on the right of the line, astride Kereves Spur where they were to dig in. In the second phase, the British in the centre and on the left would pivot on the French position and sweep up Fir Tree Spur and Gully Spur then capture Krithia village. The third phase would be the capture of Achi Baba.

In the end, after three days of fighting, the Allies would abandon the battle without even completing the first phase. In fact, the greatest advance achieved was a mere . The plan was made despite the fact that the British had no clear idea where the Ottoman fortifications were. There was as yet no continuous system of trenches and aerial reconnaissance had failed to locate the defences. Consequently, the preliminary bombardments that were made before each advance were utterly ineffectual. Hunter-Weston also insisted that the attacks be made in broad daylight, fearing that an attack under the cover of darkness would become confused. Having failed with this approach once during the first battle did not deter Hunter-Weston, and as the second battle progressed he would remain undeterred.

Battle
The Allied advance began later than scheduled, around 11:00 on 6 May, and was swiftly halted by strong Ottoman resistance. The 88th Brigade of the 29th Division advancing on Fir Tree Spur managed to capture Fir Tree Wood, and the 6th (Hood) Battalion of the British 63rd (Royal Naval) Division advanced strongly along Kanli Dere, but at all points on the line the gains were never more than . At no point were the Ottoman defences reached. The attack was resumed on 7 May; it used the same plan and produced largely the same results.

On the morning of 8 May, the 88th Brigade in front of Krithia on Fir Tree Spur was relieved by the New Zealanders who made yet another attempt which failed with huge losses. The Wellington, Canterbury and Auckland Battalions gained another  through Fir Tree Wood to a place called the 'Daisy Patch' before they became pinned down. Enfiladed on the left from Ottoman machine guns in Gully Ravine, they could neither advance nor withdraw and still had no sight of the Ottoman positions.

Despite their predicament, Hunter-Weston ordered the New Zealanders, including the Otago Battalion in reserve, to resume that attack at 17:30. The brigade commander, Colonel Francis Johnston, protested but Hunter-Weston insisted the attack proceed. However, General Sir Ian Hamilton, commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, who had landed at Helles to oversee the battle, ordered a general advance to be made at 17:30 along the entire front with the aim of capturing Krithia and Achi Baba.

The Australian 2nd Infantry Brigade, under the command of Brigadier-General M'Cay, was given 35 minutes warning that it was about to join the attack. The Australians were to advance along Krithia Spur between the right flank of the New Zealand brigade and the edge of Kanli Dere, and had to travel up to  from their reserve position just to reach the start line at "Tommy's Trench". The brigade managed to advance a further  beyond the start line, suffering 50% casualties in the process.

The New Zealand brigade made another attempt to cross the Daisy Patch, and some troops managed to actually sight the Ottoman trenches. On the right, the French resumed their advance at 18:00 and made good progress, reaching the Ottoman trenches on Kereves Dere. They managed to capture and hold Bouchet Redoubt but were forced back everywhere else.

Aftermath
About ⅓ of the Allied soldiers who fought in the battle became casualties. General Hamilton could ill-afford such losses as they made it difficult enough to hold the little ground he had, let alone continue to capture more. The poor planning of the battle extended to the medical provisions for the wounded which were woeful. The few stretcher bearers that were available often had to carry their burdens all the way to the beach as there was no intermediate collecting station with wagon transport. The hospital ship arrangements were also inadequate so that once the wounded were taken off the beach they would have trouble finding a ship prepared to take them on board.

With the failure of the second battle, Hamilton made a request to the British Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener, for an additional four divisions. He was promised the British 52nd (Lowland) Division but would not receive any more until August. Another attempt to capture Krithia would not be made until early June.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. 46, 27 May 1915, pp. 981–982 (online version at the National Library of Australia)
The Age, 18 June 1915, p. 10 (online transcript at the National Library of Australia)
Major Fred Waite: New Zealanders at Gallipoli. Whitecomb and Tombs Limited 1919, Chapter 9 – Battle of Krithnia (Online-Version (New Zealand Electronic Text Center))
2nd Battle of Krithia at firstworldwar.com

Conflicts in 1915
1915 in the Ottoman Empire
Battles of the Gallipoli campaign
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I involving France
Battles of World War I involving New Zealand
Battles of World War I involving Australia
May 1915 events

Second Battle of Krithia


The Austin Maxi wis a medium sized 5-door hatchback caur frae Breetish Leyland for the 1970s.  It wis the first Breetish five speed five-door hatchback.

The Maxi (code name ADO14) wis the last caur designed unner the Breetish Motor Corporation (BMC), an wis the last production caur designed bi Alec Issigonis. Oreeginally unner BMC's plan it wis tae hae been cried the "Austin 1500" an a saloon version o the "Morris 1500" wis tae follae in the Hairst. Houiver upon the merger o BMC an Leyland the new management ditched the 4 door saloon notchback an develop the Morris Marina instead. Lord Stokes the new chairman decidit tae an aa chynge the hatchback's name tae the Maxi in homage tae the Mini 10 years earlier.

It wis launched in Oporto Portugal on 24 Aprile 1969, tae a blaze o publicity bein ane o the first caurs tae appear on the BBC's new caur programme "Wheelbase", a forerunner tae Top Gear. It wis an aa the first caur efter the creation o Breetish Leyland. It followed the five-door hatchback pattern o the French-produced Renault 16, which wis European Caur o the Year in 1966 follaein its launch in 1965.

Underneath the Maxi's practical an spacious bodyshell lay an aw-new front wheel drive chassis which wis interlinked wi an innovative five-speed manual transmission. The latter suffered frae notorious problems wi its control linkage, especially in early models which haed a cable-operated linkage prone tae cable stretch an ither problems. Thir wur noted bi autotesters sic as Vicar in "Today´s Driver" (1969) who wrote: "This is probably a guid idea that juist needs a little bit o working on."  The later rod linkage wis less problematic.  Aw models wur prone tae problems brocht on bi the "cogs in the sump" layoot, whaur the gearbox an ingine shared a common ile supply.  The clutch ile seal wis an aa prone tae leakage.

Pouer came frae a 1485 cc, later 1748 cc (frae 1971) E-Series petrol ingine which wad later find its wey intae ither Breetish Leyland products lik the Austin Allegro.  The 1750 an twin-carburettor 1750 HL models offered guid performance bi the standards o the day.

Despite the new platform, the Maxi's stylin suffered frae the decision tae save toolin costs bi carryin ower door panels frae the BMC ADO17 "Landcrab", which compromised the design. Anither styling ambition for the caur wis a 4-door saloon counterpart — a prototype wis biggit badged as a Morris, but it never made production.

The Maxi featurt a spacious interior, comfortable passenger accommodation, competitive prices an reasonable runnin costs. But it wis let doun bi a dull interior an poor big quality, awtho it wis no quite as notorious for its downfalls as the Austin Allegro an Morris Marina wur during the 1970s.

Ane unusual featur o this caur wis that the rear seat back, as well as foldin forrit as in a conventional hatchback, an aa foldit back.  In combination wi fully reclinin front seats this gae satisfactory, if spartan, sleepin accommodation.

Towards the end o the Maxi's life, in 1980, a lichtly revised model wis marketit as the "Maxi 2".

At the end o 1981, the Austin Maxi's 12-year production life came tae an end. Its replacement, the Austin Maestro, which an aa replaced the smawer Allegro, wis introduced in the spring o 1983.

Despite its supremely practical design an remarkable space efficiency (it is shorter, narrower an lawer than the current model o Ford Fiesta) the Maxi never came close tae reachin its projected sales targets, it bein ane o mony 1970's Leyland models that came within a whisker o bein warld beaters. BL management decisions involvin the Maxi haed significant knock-on effects tae the rest o the caur line-up. BL marketing decreed that the Maxi shoud be the anerlie caur in the range tae featur a hatchback. This stance wis continued till the 1980s an preventit the Morris Marina, Austin Allegro an Princess models gainin hatchbacks despite those designs aw bein capable o receivin them. The anerlie ither BL caur tae hae a layoot approachin a hatchback wis the Rover SD1 which wis a lairge '4-door coupe/hatch', leavin the company wi'oot a caur tae compete wi an up-comin generation o hatchbacks frae Europe (maist noticeably the Volkswagen Golf) an squanderin the lead that BMC an BL haed gained in this field.

Timeline

1969: Introduction of the Maxi 1500 5-door hatchback wi transversely-mounted 1485 cc E Series ingine an 5-speed manual gearbox drivin the front wheels, independent suspension wi hydrolastic shock absorbers (aften referred tae as "The Cable-Change" models).
1970: Revisions: redesigned front grille wi centre badge, bodyside strips, gearchange rods (instead o previous gear cables), better soond insulation, new seat facings, wid effect dash an smawer steerin wheel. Introduction o the Maxi 1750 wi lairger 1748 cc ingine an revisions as for Maxi 1500.
1971: Alternator fittit tae aw UK Models, revised direction indicator circuit, matt finish wid dash, 1750 nou haes its awn gowd/yellow chequered grill badge.
1972: Introduction of the Maxi 1750 HL, wi twin SU HS6 carburettor version o the 1748 cc ingine, which gae a hichter ootput of  91 bhp at 5250 rpm. Ither additional features for the HL war 165 x 13 radial ply tyres, black grille wi chrome upper an lawer strips, wi reid "HL" motif fitted, red chequered front badge, front bumper unner-riders, chrome exhaust trim, black rimmed hub caps, body coloured mouldings alang the sides an rear, electric windscreen washers, 3 spoke-alloy steerin wheel wi leather-bound rim, padded vinyl dashboard, vanity mirror on passenger sun visor, front door pockets, simulatit widden gear knob an brushed nylon upholstery.
1973: Hazard flashers introduced on UK models. An aa wi the Austin/Morris 1800, thare ar body changes tae the Maxi tae simplify production an reduce costs (the A posts ar nae langer lead loadit).
1974: Optional 4-speed automatic transmission available on 1750 & (frae Mey 1979) 1750 HL.
1975: Fuel tank enlairged, revisions tae the rear squab bed adaption facility. Aw models nou featur cigar lichter an heatit rear windae as standard.
1976: Aw export LHD Models nou designated "Maxi HL" wi specification seemilar tae UK 1750 HL wi'oot twin carburettor or 3 spoke-alloy steerin wheel.
1977: Austin name offeecially dropped bi BL unner recommendation bi the Ryder Report. Model nou offeecially designated Leyland (Austin / Morris Division) Maxi. The anerlie subtle difference tae the awner wis the rear tailgate badge alang wi the handbooks, sae general public an dealers unoffeecially still cried it the same name. Dual circuit brakes nou fittit tae UK spec caurs.
1978: Aw models nou hae hydragas suspension instead o previous hydrolastic seestem, an aw models nou featur electric windscreen washers. The HL loses its 3 spoke steering wheel an a walnut finish dash replaces its padded dash.
Mey 1979: Introduction o the Maxi 1750 HLS wi walnut dash an twin carburettor 91 bhp ingine previously restricted tae the HL (HL nou wi the single carburettor an wid dash). Aw models hae revised switches/instrumentation an 1500/1750 nou hae 'Marle' fabric seat facings as tae the previous PVC basketweave. Single rear foglicht nou fittit across range.
Dec 1979: Maxi 1500 discontinued.
Aug 1980: Introduction o the Maxi 2 range in 1750 L, 1750 HL an 1750 HLS variations. Aw models featur new revisions includin new bumpers incorporatin indicators (front) an reversin lichts (rear), new side repeaters, full civer plastic wheel trims an broader side mouldin inserts. The L replaced the previous Base model an addit LM/MW push button radio, nylon trim, door bins, laminated windscreen an walnut veneer dashboard. The HL gained intermittent screen wipe, velour seats, tinted gless an extra soond insulation. The HLS gained a burr walnut veneer dashboard.
1981: Chrome bumpers replaced bi Matt Black.
Aug 1981: Last Maxi 2 rolls off production line ousted bi the new Triumph Acclaim. The very last Maxi, a champagne L model, is nou housed at the Gaydon Motor Heritage Centre.

Appearances

1969 BBC    Wheelbase, Tomorrows World an The Money Programme
1971 BBC    Doctor Who (Terror of the Autons)
1974 Film   Deadly Strangers
1975 LWT    The New Avengers, Thames The Sweeney
1975 Film   Carry on Behind
1976 BBC    Fawlty Towers, Survivors
1977 BBC    King Cinder
1978 BBC    Z Cars, Film Sweeney 2
1979 BBC    Fawlty Towers (2nd Series), LWT The Professionals (Dead Reckoning)
1980 BBC    Dave Allan (Death/Drink Driving Sketch)
1981 LWT    The Professionals (The Ojuka Situation)
1983 Thames Jemima Shore Investigates
1985 Film   National Lampoons European Vacation
1990 BBC    The Sharp End
1993 BBC    One Foot in the Grave
1996 BBC    Our Friends in the North
1998 BBC    The Lakes
2005 Film   Munich

References

External links

The unofficial AustinRover Web Resource: Austin Maxi index
Private Austin Maxi Website, J.D. Meyberg, Germany
http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Community/Forum-Landing/Forum-Categories/Topic/?&topic-id=6269

Maxi, Austin
Austin Maxi
Austin Maxi
Issigonis vehicles
Hatchbacks
Vehicles introduced in 1969

Austin Maxi


A numerical digit (often shortened to just digit) is a single symbol used alone (such as "1") or in combinations (such as "15"), to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. The name "digit" comes from the fact that the ten digits (Latin digiti meaning fingers) of the hands correspond to the ten symbols of the common base 10 numeral system, i.e. the decimal (ancient Latin adjective decem meaning ten) digits.

For a given numeral system with an integer base, the number of different digits required is given by the absolute value of the base. For example, the decimal system (base 10) requires ten digits (0 through to 9), whereas the binary system (base 2) requires two digits (0 and 1).

Overview
In a basic digital system, a numeral is a sequence of digits, which may be of arbitrary length. Each position in the sequence has a place value, and each digit has a value. The value of the numeral is computed by multiplying each digit in the sequence by its place value, and summing the results.

Digital values
Each digit in a number system represents an integer. For example, in decimal the digit "1" represents the integer one, and in the hexadecimal system, the letter "A" represents the number ten. A positional number system has one unique digit for each integer from zero up to, but not including, the radix of the number system.

Thus in the positional decimal system, the numbers 0 to 9 can be expressed using their respective numerals "0" to "9" in the rightmost "units" position. The number 12 can be expressed with the numeral "2" in the units position, and with the numeral "1" in the "tens" position, to the left of the "2" while the number 312 can be expressed by three numerals: "3" in the "hundreds" position, "1" in the "tens" position, and "2" in the "units" position.

Computation of place values
The decimal numeral system uses a decimal separator, commonly a period in English, or a comma in other European languages, to denote the "ones place" or "units place", which has a place value one. Each successive place to the left of this has a place value equal to the place value of the previous digit times the base. Similarly, each successive place to the right of the separator has a place value equal to the place value of the previous digit divided by the base. For example, in the numeral 10.34 (written in base 10),
the 0 is immediately to the left of the separator, so it is in the ones or units place, and is called the units digit or ones digit;
the 1 to the left of the ones place is in the tens place, and is called the tens digit;
the 3 is to the right of the ones place, so it is in the tenths place, and is called the tenths digit;
the 4 to the right of the tenths place is in the hundredths place, and is called the hundredths digit.

The total value of the number is 1 ten, 0 ones, 3 tenths, and 4 hundredths. The zero, which contributes no value to the number, indicates that the 1 is in the tens place rather than the ones place.

The place value of any given digit in a numeral can be given by a simple calculation, which in itself is a complement to the logic behind numeral systems. The calculation involves the multiplication of the given digit by the base raised by the exponent , where n represents the position of the digit from the separator; the value of n is positive (+), but this is only if the digit is to the left of the separator. And to the right, the digit is multiplied by the base raised by a negative (−) n. For example, in the number 10.34 (written in base 10),
the 1 is second to the left of the separator, so based on calculation, its value is,

the 4 is second to the right of the separator, so based on calculation its value is,

History

The first true written positional numeral system is considered to be the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. This system was established by the 7th century in India, but was not yet in its modern form because the use of the digit zero had not yet been widely accepted. Instead of a zero sometimes the digits were marked with dots to indicate their significance, or a space was used as a placeholder. The first widely acknowledged use of zero was in 876. The original numerals were very similar to the modern ones, even down to the glyphs used to represent digits.

By the 13th century, Western Arabic numerals were accepted in European mathematical circles (Fibonacci used them in his ). They began to enter common use in the 15th century. By the end of the 20th century virtually all non-computerized calculations in the world were done with Arabic numerals, which have replaced native numeral systems in most cultures.

Other historical numeral systems using digits
The exact age of the Maya numerals is unclear, but it is possible that it is older than the Hindu–Arabic system. The system was vigesimal (base 20), so it has twenty digits. The Mayas used a shell symbol to represent zero. Numerals were written vertically, with the ones place at the bottom. The Mayas had no equivalent of the modern decimal separator, so their system could not represent fractions.

The Thai numeral system is identical to the Hindu–Arabic numeral system except for the symbols used to represent digits. The use of these digits is less common in Thailand than it once was, but they are still used alongside Arabic numerals.

The rod numerals, the written forms of counting rods once used by Chinese and Japanese mathematicians, are a decimal positional system able to represent not only zero but also negative numbers. Counting rods themselves predate the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The Suzhou numerals are variants of rod numerals.

Modern digital systems

In computer science
The binary (base 2), octal (base 8), and hexadecimal (base 16) systems, extensively used in computer science, all follow the conventions of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The binary system uses only the digits "0" and "1", while the octal system uses the digits from "0" through "7". The hexadecimal system uses all the digits from the decimal system, plus the letters "A" through "F", which represent the numbers 10 to 15 respectively. When the binary system is used, the term "bit(s)" is typically used as an alternative for "digit(s)", being a portmanteau of the term "binary digit". Similar terms exist for other number systems, such as "trit(s)" for a ternary system and "dit(s) for the decimal system, although less frequently used.

Unusual systems
The ternary and balanced ternary systems have sometimes been used. They are both base 3 systems.

Balanced ternary is unusual in having the digit values 1, 0 and –1. Balanced ternary turns out to have some useful properties and the system has been used in the experimental Russian Setun computers.

Several authors in the last 300 years have noted a facility of positional notation that amounts to a modified decimal representation. Some advantages are cited for use of numerical digits that represent negative values. In 1840 Augustin-Louis Cauchy advocated use of signed-digit representation of numbers, and in 1928 Florian Cajori presented his collection of references for negative numerals. The concept of signed-digit representation has also been taken up in computer design.

Digits in mathematics
Despite the essential role of digits in describing numbers, they are relatively unimportant to modern mathematics. Nevertheless, there are a few important mathematical concepts that make use of the representation of a number as a sequence of digits.

Digital roots

The digital root is the single-digit number obtained by summing the digits of a given number, then summing the digits of the result, and so on until a single-digit number is obtained.

Casting out nines

Casting out nines is a procedure for checking arithmetic done by hand. To describe it, let  represent the digital root of , as described above. Casting out nines makes use of the fact that if , then . In the process of casting out nines, both sides of the latter equation are computed, and if they are not equal, the original addition must have been faulty.

Repunits and repdigits

Repunits are integers that are represented with only the digit 1. For example, 1111 (one thousand, one hundred and eleven) is a repunit. Repdigits are a generalization of repunits; they are integers represented by repeated instances of the same digit. For example, 333 is a repdigit. The primality of repunits is of interest to mathematicians.

Palindromic numbers and Lychrel numbers

Palindromic numbers are numbers that read the same when their digits are reversed. A Lychrel number is a positive integer that never yields a palindromic number when subjected to the iterative process of being added to itself with digits reversed. The question of whether there are any Lychrel numbers in base 10 is an open problem in recreational mathematics; the smallest candidate is 196.

History of ancient numbers

Counting aids, especially the use of body parts (counting on fingers), were certainly used in prehistoric times as today. There are many variations. Besides counting ten fingers, some cultures have counted knuckles, the space between fingers, and toes as well as fingers. The Oksapmin culture of New Guinea uses a system of 27 upper body locations to represent numbers.

To preserve numerical information, tallies carved in wood, bone, and stone have been used since prehistoric times. Stone age cultures, including ancient indigenous American groups, used tallies for gambling, personal services, and trade-goods.

A method of preserving numeric information in clay was invented by the Sumerians between 8000 and 3500 BC. This was done with small clay tokens of various shapes that were strung like beads on a string. Beginning about 3500 BC, clay tokens were gradually replaced by number signs impressed with a round stylus at different angles in clay tablets (originally containers for tokens) which were then baked. About 3100  BC, written numbers were dissociated from the things being counted and became abstract numerals.

Between 2700 and 2000 BC, in Sumer, the round stylus was gradually replaced by a reed stylus that was used to press wedge-shaped cuneiform signs in clay. These cuneiform number signs resembled the round number signs they replaced and retained the additive sign-value notation of the round number signs. These systems gradually converged on a common sexagesimal number system; this was a place-value system consisting of only two impressed marks, the vertical wedge and the chevron, which could also represent fractions. This sexagesimal number system was fully developed at the beginning of the Old Babylonia period (about 1950 BC) and became standard in Babylonia.

Sexagesimal numerals were a mixed radix system that retained the alternating base 10 and base 6 in a sequence of cuneiform vertical wedges and chevrons. By 1950 BC, this was a positional notation system. Sexagesimal numerals came to be widely used in commerce, but were also used in astronomical and other calculations. This system was exported from Babylonia and used throughout Mesopotamia, and by every Mediterranean nation that used standard Babylonian units of measure and counting, including the Greeks, Romans and Egyptians. Babylonian-style sexagesimal numeration is still used in modern societies to measure time (minutes per hour) and angles (degrees).

History of modern numbers
In China, armies and provisions were counted using modular tallies of prime numbers. Unique numbers of troops and measures of rice appear as unique combinations of these tallies. A great convenience of modular arithmetic is that it is easy to multiply. This makes use of modular arithmetic for provisions especially attractive. Conventional tallies are quite difficult to multiply and divide. In modern times modular arithmetic is sometimes used in digital signal processing.

The oldest Greek system was that of the Attic numerals, but in the 4th century BC they began to use a quasidecimal alphabetic system (see Greek numerals). Jews began using a similar system (Hebrew numerals), with the oldest examples known being coins from around 100 BC.

The Roman empire used tallies written on wax, papyrus and stone, and roughly followed the Greek custom of assigning letters to various numbers. The Roman numerals system remained in common use in Europe until positional notation came into common use in the 16th century.

The Maya of Central America used a mixed base 18 and base 20 system, possibly inherited from the Olmec, including advanced features such as positional notation and a zero. They used this system to make advanced astronomical calculations, including highly accurate calculations of the length of the solar year and the orbit of Venus.

The Incan Empire ran a large command economy using quipu, tallies made by knotting colored fibers. Knowledge of the encodings of the knots and colors was suppressed by the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century, and has not survived although simple quipu-like recording devices are still used in the Andean region.

Some authorities believe that positional arithmetic began with the wide use of counting rods in China. The earliest written positional records seem to be rod calculus results in China around 400. Zero was first used in India in the 7th century CE by Brahmagupta.

The modern positional Arabic numeral system was developed by mathematicians in India, and passed on to Muslim mathematicians, along with astronomical tables brought to Baghdad by an Indian ambassador around 773.

From India, the thriving trade between Islamic sultans and Africa carried the concept to Cairo. Arabic mathematicians extended the system to include decimal fractions, and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī wrote an important work about it in the 9th  century. The modern Arabic numerals were introduced to Europe with the translation of this work in the 12th century in Spain and Leonardo of Pisa's Liber Abaci of 1201. In Europe, the complete Indian system with the zero was derived from the Arabs in the 12th century.

The binary system (base 2), was propagated in the 17th century by Gottfried Leibniz. Leibniz had developed the concept early in his career, and had revisited it when he reviewed a copy of the I Ching from China. Binary numbers came into common use in the 20th century because of computer applications.

Numerals in most popular systems

Additional numerals

See also
 List of numeral systems
 List of numeral system topics
 Binary digit
 Hexadecimal digit
 Natural unit of information
 Abacus
 Significant figures
 Text figures
 Alphabetic numeral system

References

Numeral systems

Numerical digit


Stove fans are small fans that are usually set on top of a wood-burning stove, although they can be put on top of anything warm, like an oven. A stove will slowly radiate heat into the surrounding room, but it can take a long time for this to warm up a room. A fan will make air move past the stove and into the room, which will make the room warm up much faster. (This type of heat is called "convection.")

Although any kind of fan can help warm move air around a room, this type of stove fan is placed directly on the top of the stove. You don't plug it in, and it doesn't have any batteries. Instead, the heat from the stove itself causes the fan to move.

There are two main ways a stove fan can work:

 a thermoelectric generator, where a large-enough difference in temperature between the base of the fan (which sits on the stove) and the top of fan (which is cooled by a heat sink) causes a thermoelectric generator (which has a set of doped semiconductor elements, one being a P-type element and the other being an N-type element) to make a small electric current. This small current drives a small, low-torque motor.
 a Stirling engine, where the heat makes the gas in a cylinder expand, which pushes a piston. The air cools down as the piston reaches the top of the cylinder, and the air contracts. The piston's movement causes the fan to move via a crank.

Cooking appliances

Stove fan


In microtomography X-ray scanners, cone beam reconstruction is one of two common scanning methods, the other being Fan beam reconstruction.

Cone beam reconstruction uses a 2-dimensional approach for obtaining projection data. Instead of utilizing a single row of detectors, as fan beam methods do, a cone beam systems uses a standard charge-coupled device camera, focused on a scintillator material. The scintillator converts X-ray radiation to visible light, which is picked up by the camera and recorded. The method has enjoyed widespread implementation in microtomography, and is also used in several larger-scale systems.

An X-ray source is positioned across from the detector, with the object being scanned in between. (This is essentially the same setup used for an ordinary X-ray fluoroscope).

Projections from different angles are obtained in one of two ways. In one method, the object being scanned is rotated. This has the advantage of simplicity in implementation; a rotating stage results in little complexity. The second method involves rotating the X-ray source and camera around the object, as is done in ordinary CT scanning and SPECT imaging. This adds complexity, size and cost to the system, but removes the need to rotate the object.

The method is referred to as cone-beam reconstruction because the X-rays are emitted from the source as a cone-shaped beam. In other words, it begins as a tight beam at the source, and expands as it moves away.

See also
 Computed tomography
 Industrial CT scanning
 Tomographic reconstruction

References

Medical imaging
Medical physics
X-ray computed tomography

Cone beam reconstruction


Sylvia Margaret Gore  (25 November 1944 – 9 September 2016) was an English football player and coach. She scored the England women's national football team's first goal in its first official match, a 3–2 win over Scotland in Greenock in 1972, and was involved in women's football for 60 years.

Biography

Early life
Gore was born in Prescot, Lancashire, and raised in the north-west of England. She attended Our Ladies' Junior School and St Edmund Arrowsmith Secondary School.

Gore's father and uncle both played football for Prescot Cables and encouraged her to take up the game. The headteacher of her school vetoed any participation in the school team but she joined Manchester Corinthians in her early teens. With Corinthians, Gore played in charity matches all over the world at a time when the Football Association (FA) had banned female players from its pitches. She said:

Playing and coaching career
In 1972, Gore paid around £2,000 to progress through a series of trials for the first England team. She was accepted onto the team and made history by scoring the team's first goal in its first match on 18 November 1972.

Gore was in the Fodens team, originally a works team from the Edwin Foden, Sons & Co. lorry manufacturing plant in Sandbach, which defeated Southampton in the 1974 final of the Women's FA Cup. Gore recalled:

Gore was known as the Denis Law of women's football and once netted 134 goals in a season. After Gore stopped playing at the age of 35, she managed the Wales women's national football team from 1982 to 1989. She also worked as a football development officer for Knowsley council.

She was allotted 8 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England's inaugural international.

Later life
Gore was a member of the FA women's committee for 20 years, and in 1999 she won a special achievement award at the inaugural FA Women's Football Awards. In 2014, she became the first female director at the Liverpool County Football Association.  In the 2000 New Year Honours, Gore was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to girls' and women's football. She was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame in 2014. In March 2016, Gore became an ambassador for the club Manchester City Women.

Gore died of cancer on 9 September 2016 aged 71.

References

Bibliography

1944 births
2016 deaths
English Football Hall of Fame inductees
English women's football managers
English women's footballers
England women's international footballers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Deaths from cancer in England
Footballers from Prescot
Women's association football midfielders
Fodens Ladies F.C. players

Sylvia Gore


Kemar Bailey-Cole (born 10 January 1992) is a male track and field athlete from Jamaica, who mainly competes in the 100m. He is the 2014 Commonwealth Games 100 metres champion.

Career
He qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics running a personal best 10.00 sec at the Jamaican Olympic trials over 100m coming 5th earning him a spot on the 4×100 relay for Jamaica at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He later improved his time to 9.97 in Brussels on September 7, 2012. He is coached by Glen Mills who also coaches Usain Bolt and Yohan Blake. In 2013 he once again improved his 100m personal best to 9.96 seconds. In the 100m final of the 2013 Jamaican National Championships, Bailey-Cole finished the race in 9.98 seconds, second only to Usain Bolt's 9.94, despite a 1.5 m/s headwind, where he earned a qualification to the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow. He set a personal best in the semi-final of the 2013 World Championships in Athletics of 9.93 seconds where he came second to teammate Nickel Ashmeade, however he could only manage 4th in the final, just outside the medal positions.

At the 2014 Commonwealth Games Bailey-Cole ran the 100 m final in 10.00 seconds to take the  gold medal, beating England's Adam Gemili who took silver, and fellow countryman Nickel Ashmeade who took bronze. He was a part of the Jamaican relay team which won the gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, running only in the heats.

Personal bests

References

External links

Pace Sports Management Profile
London Olympic Profile

1992 births
Living people
Jamaican male sprinters
Olympic athletes for Jamaica
Olympic gold medalists for Jamaica
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Jamaica
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Saint Catherine Parish
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Commonwealth Games gold medallists in athletics
World Athletics Championships winners
21st-century Jamaican people
Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

Kemar Bailey-Cole


The Elementary Education Act 1880 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which extended the Elementary Education Act 1870. It was one of the Elementary Education Acts 1870 to 1893.
Previous Elementary Education Acts had not required (and allowed potential difficulties in) the drawing up of bye-laws on school attendance by local school boards; the 1880 Act removed those difficulties, made the drawing up of such bye-laws mandatory, and allowed central government to impose such bye-laws where local boards had not done so.  If the bye-laws specified minimum requirements (age and/or educational standard reached) to be attained before a child could leave school, it was illegal to employ a child under thirteen who did not satisfy one or the other requirement.  The Act therefore removed uncertainty on whether children being educated 'half-time' under the educational provisions of the Factory Acts were thereby excluded from the scope of the Elementary Education Acts (they weren't).

"Mr Mundella's Education bill will be found to have done much to strengthen the weak points and fill up the admitted blanks of the Elementary Education Act. It is professedly intended more completely to provide bye-laws in connection with the schemes existing under the larger statute; but in reality it practically makes compulsory attendance at school a universal fact, and by quietly overriding the Factory Acts so far as these relate to young children, the educational system of the country is now as nearly as possible perfect."

References

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1880
History of education in the United Kingdom
1880 in education

Elementary Education Act 1880


Gerard Monaco is a British actor, born Daniel Gerard Monaco, in London, England in 1975, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Monaco's first film was Mike Leigh's Vera Drake. He has since had roles in movies including Starter for Ten, Jane Campion's Bright Star and Jerry Bruckheimer's Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, directed by Rob Marshall.

Monaco's theatre career includes Lindsay Posner's 2009 revival of Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge, in which Monaco made his West End debut playing Marco, opposite Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Ken Stott and Hayley Atwell.
He has also appeared in a number of plays at London's National Theatre, including Steven Pimlott's final production, Tennessee Williams's The Rose Tattoo starring Zoë Wanamaker (Pimlott died in the second week of rehearsals and artistic director Nicholas Hytner took over as director). He has also played opposite Lesley Manville in the premier of Rebecca Lenkiewicz's play, Her Naked Skin (directed by Howard Davis) and Fiona Shaw in Deborah Warner's production of Mother Courage and Her Children.
Monaco has also performed at various other theatres around the country, notable at the Finborough Theatre where he played opposite Victor Spinetti in a two-hander production of Albert's Boy by James Graham.

Monaco television work includes roles in As If, Eastenders, The Bill, Holby City, Rome, The Passion, Ashes to Ashes, Any Human Heart and Episodes.

In 2007, Monaco was nominated for the BBC New Talent New Filmmaker Award for his short film The Crusader, which he wrote and directed.

References

 http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1456647/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1

Living people
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
1979 births
British movie producers

Gerard Monaco


Kottappuzha is a tributary of Kuthirappuzha which is a tributary of Chaliyar river in Kerala, India. Kottappuzha originates from the western slopes of Upper Bhavani reservoir in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. Near Kottappuzha palam (bridge), about 1.5 km south of Pookkottumpadam 'Chokkadan puzha' a river from Kozhippara hills and which passes through Chokkad join with Kottappuzha. At Koorad, Kottappuzha meets Kuthirappuzha.

Rivers of Malappuram district

Kottappuzha


The Narym Pony is similar to the Ob pony breed and originated near the same area in the central of the region near the Ob River of Western Siberia. The two breeds live under much the same ecological and economical conditions, and may be considered two groups or types of the same breed of northern forest horse. It stands between 13 and 14 hands high.

The Narym Pony is larger than the Ob pony and is crossed with draft horses and trotters in the southern part of the breeding area. In the north, it is bred pure.

References

 International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds - written by Bonnie Hendricks - page307

Horse breeds
Horse breeds originating in Russia

Narym Pony


The Town is a novel by the American author William Faulkner, published in 1957, about the fictional Snopes family of Mississippi. It is the second of the "Snopes" trilogy, following The Hamlet (1940) and completed by The Mansion (1959).

Plot summary
Each chapter is narrated from the point of view of one of three characters: Chick Mallison, Gavin Stevens, or V.K. Ratliff.

Chapter One (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Flem moves into Jefferson; is cuckolded by de Spain. De Spain's election. Flem is made power-plant supervisor. Flem steals brass from the plant. Flem plays Tom Tom and Turl off against each other; Tom Tom cuckolds Turl. The firemen hide the brass in the water tower.

Chapter Two (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Eck Snopes saves a Varner Negro, breaking his neck in the process; he is "never in the world a Snopes." He changes jobs several times. Discussion of Snopes family structure, economy. I.O. Snopes comes to town and moves up (e.g., becomes schoolmaster). Children of Eck and I.O. The Snopes Hotel opens.

Chapter Three (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Jefferson gossips about Eula. The Cotillion Ball is planned; de Spain invited after some debate. De Spain squeals his tires; under Gavin's instigation, Gowan finally manages to pop one of his tires. De Spain sends Gowan a special corsage; the town experiences a corsage panic leading up to the ball. At the ball, Gavin challenges, fights, and is beaten by de Spain.

Chapter Four (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

Recap: trial of Mink Snopes for killing Jack Houston. Gavin prepares an indictment against de Spain, as mayor, for Flem's theft of the brass at the power plant, largely motivated by his desire to stand up for "the principle that chastity and virtue in women shall be defended whether they exist or not." Gavin receives an anonymous note ...

Chapter Five (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Gavin meets with Eula in his office at night. She offers to sleep with him, out of a desire to keep him from being unhappy. (93) Gavin deduces that Flem is impotent. Gavin analyzes his own personality and Eula's motives, and declines her offer.

Chapter Six (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

De Spain outmaneuvers Gavin on the brass-stealing indictment, rendering the investigation moot. Ratliff speculates about why de Spain appeals to Eula, while Gavin does not. Gavin leaves for Heidelberg.

Chapter Seven (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Gavin joins the French service in WWI; catches pneumonia while carrying a stretcher for them. Eck Snopes blows up a gas tank and himself, too, while looking for a missing child, Cedric Nunnery; his neck brace is all that can be found to bury. Montgomery Ward Snopes, in France, goes into the "canteen business," then opens the Atelier Monty when he gets home. Chick and Ratliff form their ice-cream/Snopes-watching association. Bayard Sartoris accidentally kills his grandfather, the Colonel, with that damned newfangled car. Byron Snopes steals money from Sartoris's bank. Wall Snopes begins to set up his trade empire. Brother (?) of Ab Snopes and the watermelon patch. Gavin is home from Europe.

Chapter Eight (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Gavin speculates on the principles of Snopesism (hermaphroditic but vested always in the male); on the relationships between himself, Eula, and de Spain. Flem rises in the bank hierarchy, trading again on Eula; also trading on the fact that he makes good Byron's theft; acquires methodological knowledge of banking. He withdraws his money and deposits it in a competing bank. Wall Snopes graduates, marries a woman who hates the Snopes  clan and all they stand for, and goes into business for himself. Flem blocks Wall from getting a loan to expand; Wall expands anyway and opens a wholesale.

Chapter Nine (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

Chapter consists entirely of these sentences: "Because he missed it. He missed it completely."

Chapter Ten  (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Uncle Willy Christian's drugstore robbed of money and narcotics; night marshal Grover Winbush is nowhere to be found during the event. This starts a chain of events leading to the uncovering of the Atelier Monty as a "dirty picture" "magic lantern," which is why Grover Winbush was not available to catch the perpetrators of the robbery. Flem tries to influence Gavin in the handling of the Montgomery Ward case, then plants whiskey in the Atelier Monty.

Chapter Eleven (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

Chapter consists entirely of this paragraph: "And still he missed it even set--sitting right there in his own office and actively watching Flem rid Jefferson of Montgomery Ward. And still I couldn't tell him." Here, Ratliff is aware that Flem is ensuring that Montgomery Ward will be sent to Parchman (for the whiskey) rather than an out-of-state prison (for the porn, a federal charge) so that he will have a chance to trick Mink into attempting to escape.

Chapter Twelve (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Linda is meeting Gavin; Gavin's motive is to "develop her mind." Linda comes to dinner with the Stevens/Mallison family; her boyfriend Matt objects, driving up and down in his racing car. Matt attacks Gavin in his office leaves after giving him a good beating.

Chapter Thirteen (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

In which Linda cries a great deal and it becomes apparent that she is willing to marry Gavin, although she doesn't really want to get married at all, despite the fact that she loves Gavin.

Chapter Fourteen (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Matt follows Linda around town, gets in a fight with a McCallum boy, and is forced out of town. Gavin buys Linda a traveling case.

Chapter Fifteen (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Gavin speculates on Linda's good name and on the nature of the quality of innocence. He attempts to manage carefully the town's perception of his relationship with Linda by making their encounters seem coincidental. Gavin and Linda avoid each other, then try to meet. Eula reveals her plans to attend the Jefferson Academy for Women (or whatever it's called); Gavin is horrified. He goes to call on Linda, who explains how Flem bought his furniture. Eula asks Gavin to marry Linda. The details of Eula's dowry are clarified.

Chapter Sixteen (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

(Cf. the short story "Mule in the Yard.") The story of Old Het. Mr. Hait's death; Mrs. Hait snopeses I.O. Snopes over the matter of the killed mules. Mrs. Hait invaded by mules. Her house burns down, but she saves her money. Mrs. Hait buys the mule that burned the house down from I.O. at a reduced price, and shoots it; then she sells it back to I.O. before he discovers that it's dead. Flem forces I.O. back to Frenchman's Bend permanently. Ratliff hypothesizes on Flem's plans and motives, esp re: Linda. Flem, he argues, must now have respectability.

Chapter Seventeen (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Gavin speculates on Flem's "untimely" interest in money. Flem's method/motivation in withdrawing money from his own bank; the effects this had. Gavin speculates on Eula's sexual motives, plus those of Varner & de Spain. Speculation about how Eula disrupts the economy of Snopesism. Flem gives Linda permission to go away to school because he has extracted something more valuable than he gives her. Flem tells Mrs. Varner that Eula is cheating on him.

Chapter Eighteen (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

Ratliff gives Flem a ride out to Frenchman's Bend. Uncle Billy drives in early.

Chapter Nineteen (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Polio comes to Jefferson; Chick and schoolmates get an extended holiday while the town officials try to figure out what to do. No one will explain the de Spain-Eula affair to Chick. Ethnography/history of Jefferson. The affair is finally actually public instead of just semi-publicly gossiped about. Eula gives Chick an envelope to give to Gavin.

Chapter Twenty (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Eula's note asks Gavin to meet her in his office at 10pm. Mr. Garraway disapproves of adultery. Geographical description of Yoknapatawpha County. The town waits for the affair to blow up. Eula visits Gavin; reveals how Linda was sent to the Academy, that Flem is impotent, and what Ratliff's first and middle names actually are. Asks Gavin again (several times) to marry Linda.

Chapter Twenty-one (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Eula has killed herself. The town is outraged at de Spain; he has to leave. Eula's funeral arrangements are made.

Chapter Twenty-two (Narrator: Gavin Stevens)

Gavin insists to Linda that Flem is her father; Linda is doubtful.

Chapter Twenty-three (Narrator: V.K. Ratliff)

Flem's social/financial position is apparently solidified. Eula's monument is delegated to Gavin; he arranges for it. Ratliff suggests that Gavin marry Linda. Linda makes travel plans and departs after she and Flem see her mother's grave.

Chapter Twenty-four (Narrator: Chick Mallison)

Ratliff/Gavin's theory about Eula's motive for suicide: Eula was bored. The half-Apache children of Byron Snopes come to visit, then are sent back.

Critical analysis
Andrew Lytle has noted Faulkner's particular focus on Flem as the key protagonist of the novel, and discussed the multiple levels of social respectability depicted in the novel.  Raymond J Wilson III has examined the mutual corruption of the town of Jefferson by Flem Snopes, and vice versa, as well as details in narrative inconsistencies between events mentioned in The Town and other Faulkner novels.  Paul Levine has discussed the recurring themes of love and money in the course of the trilogy.

Owen Robinson has noted the contrast in the narrative style and tone between The Hamlet and The Town.  Thomas H Rogers commented critically, in his contemporary review of the novel, in his comparison between the literary merits of The Hamlet and The Town.  Peter Swiggart has noted that the events and style in The Town reflect Faulkner's attempts to create a more realistic social milieu compared to his other works.

References

External links
The Town at Digital Yoknapatawpha

1957 American novels
Novels by William Faulkner
Random House books
Novels set in Mississippi

The Town (Faulkner novel)


Second base, or 2B, is the second of four places on a baseball field which must be touched in order by a base runner before he can score a run for that player's team. A second baseman is the baseball player who guards second base. Also called second bagger, the second baseman often has quick hands and feet.  He needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly. He must be able to make the turn on a double play. Also, shortstops and second basemen are usually right-handed. This makes it easier to turn a double play. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4.

Current second basemen include Chase Utley, Robinson Cano, Dustin Pedroia, Orlando Hudson, Aaron Hill and Ben Zobrist.

National Baseball Hall of Fame second basemen
The following second basemen have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum:
 Rod Carew *
 Eddie Collins
 Bobby Doerr
 Johnny Evers
 Nellie Fox
 Frankie Frisch
 Charlie Gehringer
 Joe Gordon
 Frank Grant
 Billy Herman
 Rogers Hornsby
 Nap Lajoie
 Tony Lazzeri
 Bill Mazeroski
 Bid McPhee
 Joe Morgan
 Jackie Robinson **
 Ryne Sandberg
 Red Schoendienst
* Later played at first base
** Started his career at first base, then moved to second base

References

Baseball positions

Second baseman


The first inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the seventh president of the United States took place on March 4, 1829. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Andrew Jackson as President. He is part of the modern Democratic Party.

It as also the second term that John C. Calhoun was Vice President. Calhoun resigned during his second term. Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall.

1829
1820s in the United States
Andrew Jackson
Jackson, Andrew

First inauguration of Andrew Jackson


John Taylor (born 16 April 1963), better known as Chaka Demus, is a Jamaican reggae musician and deejay, best known as part of the duo Chaka Demus & Pliers.

Biography

Early years
Born in West Kingston, Taylor was a regular attendee at Kingston dances and was given a chance by Prince Jammy to DJ on his sound system. Upon releasing his debut single, the Jammy-produced "Increase Your Knowledge" in 1985, he was virtually unknown. None of his early records saw chart success, though they later met with increased success. Other musicians quickly recognised him as having great potential, most notably Yellowman who joined him for such songs as "Everybody Loves The Chaka", "Scotty", and "Bring It To Me" and Admiral Bailey, who collaborated with him on "One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer", giving him his first hit. The same year saw the release of "Everybody Loves The Chaka", for the Scorpio label, which was then followed up by the 1989 album, The Original Chaka 'Watch me Ride'.

Mainstream success
He first met Pliers (Everton Bonner) in 1991 and suggested that they team up. They enjoyed an internationally successful partnership including a string of hit singles and a number one album in the UK between 1993 and 1997. Chaka Demus net worth amounts up to 75 million dollars.

In 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers reunited to record a track called "Need Your Lovin" which was released on vinyl, on Explorer Records. On 18 November 2007, Chaka Demus & Pliers performed "Murder She Wrote" alongside Alicia Keys at the 2007 American Music Awards. Their subsequent album, So Proud, was released in Europe and the Middle East in October 2008. A solo album called DJ Spirit was released in 2008.

Chaka Demus now runs his own record label, Bright Star, on which he has released records by his son, known by his stage name of Marvellous.

He continues to perform with Pliers, and recorded a new album in 2012, featuring guest appearances from Pliers, Marvellous, and Freddie McGregor.

In August 2013, he released the album Second Coming on the Fire and Ice label that he co-owns with Winston Solomon.

Solo discography
The Original Chaka (1986), Witty
Everybody Loves the Chaka (1988), Black Scorpio
Reggae Dance Hall Sensation (1989), Rohit International
No. 1 (1991), Penthouse
Gal Wine (1992), VP
Bad Bad Chaka (1994), Mélodie Distribution
Second Coming (2013), Fire and Ice

Other collaborations and split releases
Rough & Rugged (1988), Jammy's/Super Power - split with Shabba Ranks

References

1963 births
Living people
Jamaican reggae musicians
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
VP Records artists

Chaka Demus


John Carol Case  (27 April 192328 December 2012) was an English baritone.

Early life
Case was born in Salisbury, England. Awarded a choral scholarship at King's College, Cambridge, he graduated with MA and BMus degrees.

Early career
One of England's leading baritones in oratorio and lieder, in the mid-1950s he became associated with all the great choral societies and festivals. He served as Director of Music at King's College School in Wimbledon, and also as National Music Advisor to the Townswomen's Guilds. A regular broadcaster on BBC radio, he performed on television and in concert throughout Europe and Canada.

Recordings
Case recorded widely for EMI and Lyrita, especially choral works, songs and opera.  One of his early performances was in EMI's recording of Gilbert and Sullivan's opera The Yeomen of the Guard, in the small role of Second Yeoman, conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent.  His choral recordings include solo parts in Bach's St Matthew Passion (with both Vaughan Williams and Otto Klemperer), Fauré's Requiem and numerous works by Elgar and Vaughan Williams. Among his opera performances is as the Evangelist in Sir Adrian Boult's recording of Vaughan Williams's The Pilgrim's Progress. His English song recordings include the works of Gerald Finzi, notably the Hardy song cycles for baritone.

Retirement
John Carol Case retired from the concert platform in 1976 to concentrate on teaching singing. In 1976 the Royal Academy made him an honorary RAM, and in 1993 he was awarded OBE for services to music.  For All Saints Church, Thornton-le-Dale, he wrote carols, which have been published by Banks Music Publications.

Literature
Entries to John Carol Case in WorldCat

References

English operatic baritones
1923 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Choral Scholars of the Choir of King's College, Cambridge

John Carol Case