In computer programming, abstraction inversion is an anti-pattern arising when users of a construct need functions implemented within it but not exposed by its interface. The result is that the users re-implement the required functions in terms of the interface, which in its turn uses the internal implementation of the same functions.  This may result in implementing lower-level features in terms of higher-level ones, thus the term 'abstraction inversion'.

Possible ill-effects are:
 The user of such a re-implemented function may seriously underestimate its running-costs.
 The user of the construct is forced to obscure their implementation with complex mechanical details.
 Many users attempt to solve the same problem, increasing the risk of error.

Examples
Alleged examples from professional programming circles include:
 In Ada, choice of the rendezvous construct as a synchronisation primitive forced programmers to implement simpler constructs such as semaphores on the more complex basis.
 In Applesoft BASIC, integer arithmetic was implemented on top of floating-point arithmetic, and there were no bitwise operators and no support for blitting of raster graphics (even though the language supported vector graphics on the Apple II's raster hardware). This caused games and other programs written in BASIC to run slower.
 Like Applesoft BASIC, Lua has a floating-point type as its sole numeric type when configured for desktop computers, and it had no bitwise operators prior to Lua 5.2.
 Creating an object to represent a function is cumbersome in object-oriented languages such as Java and C++ (especially prior to C++11 and Java 8), in which functions are not first-class objects. In C++ it is possible to make an object 'callable' by overloading the () operator, but it is still often necessary to implement a new class, such as the Functors in the STL. (C++11's lambda function makes it much easier to create an object representing a function.)
 Tom Lord has suggested that Subversion version control system pays for the abstraction inversion of implementing a write-only database on a read/write database with poor performance.
 Using stored procedures to manipulate data in a relational database, without granting programmers right to deploy such procedures, leads to reimplementing queries outside the database. For example, large datasets (in extreme cases - whole tables) are fetched and actual filtering takes place in application code. Alternatively, thousands of rows are updated (inserted or even fetched) one by one instead of running a multiple row query.
 Microsoft's WinUI 3 systematically replaces the title bar of the windows it creates with a custom one that ignores the end-user's color settings, always appearing gray instead. Applying the end-user's chosen color to the title bar requires using further customization code on Windows 11, and completely replacing the custom title bar with another custom one on Windows 10.

Examples that are common outside professional programming circles include:

 Using spreadsheet lookup functions to replicate the functionality of a database
 Using variant data types as loop counters in Microsoft Visual Basic where an integer type is also available.

See also
Leaky abstraction

References

External links
 Abstraction Inversion at Portland Pattern Repository - extensive discussion, much of it taking "abstraction inversion" in the sense of "concealed complexity"

Anti-patterns

Abstraction inversion


The 1911 Imperial Conference convened in London on 23 May 1911 and concluded on 20 June 1911. It was held to mark the occasion of the coronation of King George V on 22 June 1911.

The conference discussed Empire-wide constitutional arrangements, with proposals by New Zealand's prime minister Sir Joseph Ward for an imperial council made up of representatives of the dominions which would advise the British government on imperial matters. Ward developed this idea into a proposal for an Imperial Parliament (see Imperial Federation) which would be responsible for the Empire's foreign policy including the declaration of war and would be presided over by an Imperial executive. British prime minister H. H. Asquith rejected these proposals as infringing on British autonomy in making foreign policy, but he agreed it was necessary to consult with dominion prime ministers on certain matters. Asquith proposed a standing committee on foreign affairs, but the dominion prime ministers could not agree on a final resolution. The adoption of a new flag for the British Empire was also meant to be discussed, but this ultimately was not covered due to much of the conference being focused on the aforementioned topics.

The conference came to an agreement on the negotiation of treaties that affect various dominions and that the British government would consult the dominions when preparing its proposals for proposed international Peace Conferences and that future international peace treaties and some international agreements would be circulated to the dominions for comment prior to the British government signing them.

Australia expressed concern about Japan's growing naval power, and it was agreed that the British government would consult Australia when negotiating renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Britain also agreed to consult South Africa about negotiations with Germany, considering its colonial aspirations in Africa.

Participants
The conference was hosted by King-Emperor George V, with his Prime Ministers and members of their respective cabinets:

See also
Imperial Conference

References

External links
Minutes of the 1911 Imperial Conference

Imperial Conference
1911 in London
1911 in international relations
1911 in the British Empire
1911 conferences
May 1911 events
June 1911 events
George V
H. H. Asquith
David Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
Wilfrid Laurier

1911 Imperial Conference


Godinton House (also known as Godinton House and Gardens or Godinton Park) is a stately home in the parish of Great Chart, owned by a non-profit-making trust. It is  north-west of the centre of the town of Ashford, Kent, UK.

Description
Godinton House is an ancient brick house with a Jacobean-style exterior. The roof has a distinctive system of Dutch gables (also called semi-classical gables). The Jacobean house was built around a medieval great hall. Of particular note is the elaborate carvings in chestnut wood on the main staircase.

The gardens include one of the longest Yew hedges in England, as well as having spectacular displays of delphiniums, irises, wild flowers and roses.

The house also has a Steinway piano.

It hosts one of the best private collections of porcelain in the South of England.

History
Godinton House was the seat of the Toke family for about 455 years from 1440 to 1895.

Around the turn of the century (19th/20th) then owner Mr. Ashley Dodd hired the architect Sir Reginald Blomfield to update the house and redesign the gardens. Blomfield planted the famous yew hedge, shaped to repeat the gable form seen on the house.

In 1991 Major Alan Wyndham-Green, the last owner of Godinton, established the Godinton House Preservation Trust. Since Major Wyndham-Green's passing in 1996 the Trust has continued to preserve, restore, and enhance the house and parklands.

References

External links
 Official website: Godinton House and Gardens
Godinton House Preservation Trust (www.charity-commission.gov.uk - Charity No. 1002278)
 "Godinton House: The Gardens" Photographic website by Hedley Grenfell-Banks.
 The Account Book of a Kentish Estate 1616-1704, Edited by Eleanor Constance Lodge (1927)
 A Saunter Through Kent with Pen and Pencil, Vol. 2, by Sir Charles Igglesden (1900) (Google Books)
 Video of Godinton including drone fly overs.

Further reading

The Account Book of a Kentish Estate 1616-1704, Edited by  Eleanor Constance Lodge (1927). This book features a comprehensive introduction by Eleanor C. Lodge analysing an ancient Toke account book. She describes life at Godinton (and county Kent in general) in the seventeenth century.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=29lAAQAAMAAJ&q=A+Saunter+Through+Kent+with+Pen+and+Pencil,+Vol.+2 Saunter Through Kent with Pen and Pencil, Vol. 2], by Sir Charles Igglesden (1900). Originally published at the Offices of the Kentish Express'', Ashford, Kent. The chapter about Godinton is a unique coverage. It includes fascinating stories, including traditional local gossip, about murder, intrigue, ghosts, secret rooms, and secret passages. The description of the house and garden is beautifully written.
"Godinton, Kent, the seat of Mr. G. Ashley Dodd"  Country Life Magazine, London, July 18, 1903, pp. 90–98.
"Godinton, Kent, the seat of Mr. George Ashley Dodd" Country Life Magazine, London, May 11, 1907, pp. 666–673.
"GODINTON PARK, KENT - I, The Home of Mr. Alan Wyndham-Green" By Christopher Hussey, Country Life Magazine, London, December 6, 1962, pp. 1396–1400.
"GODINTON PARK, KENT - II, The Home of Mr. Alan Wyndham-Green" By Christopher Hussey, Country Life Magazine, London, December 13, 1962, pp. 1546–1549.
"GODINTON PARK, KENT - III, The Home of Mr. Alan Wyndham-Green" By Christopher Hussey, Country Life Magazine, London, December 20, 1962, pp. 1600–1603.
"Painted Catalogue" (letter), Country Life Magazine, London, December 27, 1962, page 1662. This letter concerns the famous painting, "The Last Day in the Old Home" (1862) by Robert Braithwaite Martineau. The painting is on display at the Tate Britain. The setting in this painting is a composite of rooms at Godinton (including Toke family crests).

Country houses in Kent
Grade I listed houses in Kent
Historic house museums in Kent
Gardens in Kent

Godinton House


T helpers are a kind of lymphocyte blood cell, produced in the thymus. They do not kill or eat bacteria. What they do is to help other immune cells target onto infecting bacteria. They activate T-killer cells (cytotoxic T cells) and B cells to kill infecting bacteria or cells that are infected by viruses.

T helpers get attacked by HIV virus.

blood cells

T helper cell


Elisabetta Olga Laura Brusa (born 3 April 1954) is an Italian composer naturalised British.

Brusa was born in Milan, and as a child wrote 32 piano pieces. At the Milan Conservatory she formally studied composition with Bruno Bettinelli (who also taught famous Italian conductors like Claudio Abbado and Riccardo Muti) and Azio Corghi, graduating in 1980. She then taught composition at the Conservatorios of Vicenza, Mantova and Brescia before arriving at the Conservatorio of Milan in 1985. She also received instruction from Sir Peter Maxwell Davies and Hans Keller. She first appeared on the Young Italian Composers RAI 3 television programme in 1983.

After winning first prize at the Washington International Competition for Composition for String Quartet in 1982, she was awarded the Fromm Music Foundation Fellowship and a Fellowship of the U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission the next year to follow the Composition classes at the Tanglewood Music Center and three Fellowships from the MacDowell Colony later in the decade. In 1997 she married the conductor Gilberto Serembe.

Currently, she is best known for her orchestral works recorded in five volumes on the Naxos Records label. She is often inspired by works of Literature and Art as well as of Music of all ages but the latter are never quoted or imitated in her works. These include two Symphonies, the tone poem Florestan, based on the Florestan side of Robert Schumann's personality; the Nittemero Symphony, inspired by the words night and day in ancient Greek; the tone poem Messidor, which alludes strongly to (without actually quoting) Felix Mendelssohn's incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream (the work is dedicated to her husband), a Fanfare, an "Adagio", "Firelights", a "Requiescat", "Favole", "Merlin", "Simply Largo, all of which for orchestras of different sizes, among other works. Brusa describes her musical style as "close to Neo-Tonality and in particular to Neo-Romanticism, but in the original sense of the word, which is nowadays often confusedly assimilated to other ones," and her harmony as "essentially pandiatonic with panchromatic moments."

Her music has been performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Hungarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Ulster Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, RSNO Royal Scottish National Orchestra, CBC Vancouver Orchestra, State Hermitage Orchestra, St. Petersburg Symphony Orchestra, Tanglewood Music Center Orchestra, The Women's Philharmonic of San Francisco, to name just a few.

Notable Recordings
 Orchestral Works, volume 1 (Florestan, Messidor, La Triade, Nittemero Symphony, Fanfare): Naxos 8.555266, 21st Century Classics
 Orchestral Works, volume 2 (Firelights, Adagio, Wedding Song, Requiescat, Suite Grotesque, Favole): Naxos 8.555267, 21st Century Classics
 Orchestral Works, volume 3 (Symphony No.1, Merlin): Naxos 8.573437, 21st Century Classics
 Orchestral Works, volume 4 (Symphony No.2, Simply Largo): Naxos 8.574263, 21st Century Classics
 Orchestral Works, volume 5 (Requiem, Stabat Mater): Naxos 8.574589, 21st Century Classics

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Composers from Milan
Italian classical composers
British classical composers
21st-century classical composers
20th-century classical composers
Women classical composers
Milan Conservatory alumni
Academic staff of Milan Conservatory
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century British composers
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers
21st-century Italian composers
21st-century British composers

Elisabetta Brusa


The Manchester and Liverpool District Bank was formed in 1829 and it became one of the leading provincial joint stock banks; its name was shortened to District Bank in 1924. The Bank was acquired by the National Provincial Bank in 1962 but kept its identity until the latter's merger with Westminster Bank.

History

The Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Company

Joseph Macardy was an Irishman who became the senior partner of a firm of Manchester stockbrokers and in 1828 he became involved in the establishment of a new joint stock bank in the city. However, when his proposal to open branches in all the neighbouring towns was rejected, he immediately issued a prospectus for a new bank, specifically to have branches, and to be called either the District Banking Company or the Union Banking Company. In the event, the bank duly opened in 1829 under the name Manchester and Liverpool District Banking; its success was such that by 1877 Grindon described it as "first and foremost among provincial joint-stock banks".

The  bank actually opened first in Stockport in 1829 but this was through the acquisition of the local bank, Christy Lloyd. Christy and Company were "celebrated" London hatters and it was the founder's son, William Miller-Christy, who supported a local hatter, John Worsley, to set up a bank in Stockport. Christy Lloyd opened in 1824 "and the hatters of Stockport thereafter received such financial advantage over hatters in other areas, that in due time Stockport became world famous for that product".

In 1830, a year after acquiring Christy, the bank opened its Manchester office. As promised, branches were opened in a number of local towns, not forgetting the important branch in Liverpool, thereby justifying the bank's lengthy title; by 1833 there were 17 branches. Acquisitions reinforced the branch openings, the first being in 1844 - the Nantwich and Cheshire Bank, founded five years earlier.  This was followed in 1863 by the more substantial purchase of Lloyd Entwistle of Manchester.  Lloyd Entwistle had descended from the firm of John Jones "bankers and tea dealers", already established in the 1770s. In 1848, Jones Lloyd as it then was, separated its London and Manchester businesses. New partners were brought into the Manchester office (the Entwistle being Lloyds' son-in-law).

The Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Company assumed limited liability in 1880 by which time there were 54 branches stretching across to Yorkshire and down to Staffordshire. An all-important London office was opened five years later. A major expansion of the bank's coverage took place in 1907 with the acquisition of the Lancaster Bank, which had 57 branches in the north of Lancashire compared to the 118 of the Liverpool and Manchester.

District Bank

Growth continued apace after World War I and by 1924 another 130 branches had been opened. That year also marked the shortening of the name to the District Bank, by which it had been popularly known for some time. A further major expansion came in 1935 with the acquisition of the County Bank. The Manchester and County Bank commenced business in 1862 and three branches were opened shortly after. In 1866 the bank acquired the Saddleworth Banking Company and in 1871 the Bank of Stockport. By the time of its acquisition by the District, Manchester and County had 190 branches and sub-branches. Following the amalgamation, District was admitted to the London Bankers' Clearing House.

The District Bank now determined to make itself a national bank and branches were opened throughout the midlands, the south and Wales. Following the end of World War II more branches were opened particularly in London and the south coast.  However, in 1962 the District itself became victim of another bank's desire for comprehensive national coverage and it was acquired by the National Provincial Bank. The District kept its separate board in Manchester until the 1968 merger of National Provincial and Westminster Bank.

The District, National Provincial and Westminster banks were fully integrated in the new firm's structure, while Coutts & Co. private bankers, Ulster Bank and the Isle of Man Bank continued as separate operations. The statutory process of integration was completed in 1969 and the new company, National Westminster Bank, opened its doors for business on 1 January 1970, ending 140 years of independent training.

Notable employees
 Former British Prime Minister John Major worked for the bank from 1965-66.

References

Bibliography

Ashby, J. F. The Story of the Banks Hutchinson & Co., London, 1934
Reed, Richard National Westminster Bank: A Short History National Westminster Bank, London, 1989

External links

NatWest Group
Defunct banks of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies based in Manchester
Banks established in 1829
Banks disestablished in 1970
1829 establishments in England
British companies established in 1829

District Bank


You Boyz Make Big Noize is a 1987 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth and last studio album. The album featured twelve radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #98 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Still the Same", "That's What Friends Are For", "You Boyz Make Big Noize", "Ooh La La in L.A." and "We Won't Give In".

Track listing
 "Love Is Like A Rock" (Avsec/McClain/Ierace/Hoenes/Valentine)
 "That's What Friends Are For" (Holder/Lea) UK #95
 "Still The Same" (Holder/Lea) UK #73
 "Fools Go Crazy" (Holder/Lea)
 "She's Heavy" (Holder/Lea)
 "We Won't Give In" (Holder/Lea) UK #121
 "Won't You Rock With Me" (Holder/Lea)
 "Ooh La La In L.A." (Holder/Lea) Did Not Chart
 "Me And The Boys" (Holder/Lea)
 "Sing Shout (Knock Yourself Out)" (Holder/Lea)
 "The Roaring Silence" (Holder/Lea)
 "It's Hard Having Fun Nowadays" (Holder/Lea)
 "You Boyz Make Big Noize" (Holder/Lea) UK #94
 featured on later editions of the album

1987 albums
Slade albums

You Boyz Make Big Noize


Philip Wilby (born Pontefract, 1949) is a British composer, organist and choir director.

Education
Educated at Leeds Grammar School and Keble College, Oxford, he joined the staff at the University of Leeds as a Lecturer in the Department of Music in 1972.  There he taught various composition, liturgy, directing, and score reading classes as well as co-founding the Leeds University Liturgical Choir.

Music composing
Composing for many different instruments and ensembles (piano, organ, voice, chamber ensemble, wind orchestra), Wilby is most known for his compositions for brass band. Many of Wilby's pieces are based on his strong Christian beliefs. Famous works that fall in this category are ... Dove Descending, Revelation, and The New Jerusalem. Many of Wilby's works are written especially to be used as test pieces in brass band contests all over the world. One recent composition to fit this description is Vienna Nights, which was commissioned as the test piece for the 2006 British Open Brass Band Championship held in Symphony Hall, Birmingham. Most famously though Paganini Variations, one of his finest pieces of work, which was selected as the test piece for the 2011 Regional Championships (Championship Section) and has been used as the test piece for many other major competitions over the years, and has been recorded by a number of bands including Black Dyke, Fodens and Grimethorpe.

... Dove Descending was featured by Black Dyke Band at the 2007 BBC Promenade Concerts in a day devoted to music for brass.  Wilby also wrote the descriptive Northern Lights commissioned by the Black Dyke Band which was scored for a brass band and 4 dancers.  It was later adapted for the Contest Stage when it was selected for the Butlins Mineworkers Championships in January 2007.

One of his later compositions is entitled "A Brontë Mass" which was commissioned for the Leeds Philharmonic Society, in memory of their late Chairman, John Brodwell.  The work includes poems by the Brontë sisters and text from Latin Mass. This piece premiered on Saturday 24 November 2007 at Leeds Town Hall. A recording, by The Bach Choir and Black Dyke Band, was made at Blackheath Halls in November 2009 and was released on a CD called Red Priest in September 2010. The title track of this CD "Red Priest" was commissioned by Black Dyke Band and first performed in the Brucknerhaus, Linz, Austria in May 2010 as part of the European Brass Band Championships. It was subsequently chosen as the test piece for the 2011 British Open Brass Band Championship.

Commission
In 2013 he delivered a commission by the Halifax Choral Society to compose an oratorio in the English tradition for the Society's bicentenary in 2017. The work, The Holy Face is based on the life of John the Baptist, patron saint of Halifax. It was recorded in the Summer of 2017 and is to be presented for the first time in Halifax in October 2017.

Personal
Philip Wilby now resides outside Ripon.

Works
Several CDs of his music for brass and wind bands have been released on the Doyen label in recent years;
 Wilby
 Sacred Symphonies
 Vienna Nights
 Red Priest
 A Breathless Alleluia
 In Tribute

References

External links
Interview with Wilby at 4barsrest.com

1949 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
Brass band composers
Classical composers of church music
English classical composers
English male classical composers
English Christians
Academics of the University of Leeds
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
People from Pontefract
People educated at Leeds Grammar School

Philip Wilby


Adolph Frank (January 20, 1834 – May 30, 1916) was a German-Jew chemist, engineer, and businessman. He is best known for having discovered uses of potash and creating the industry.

Adolph Frank was born in the town of Klötze (now in Altmarkkreis Salzwedel in Altmark, Saxony-Anhalt. He was the son of a Jewish merchant, who—like Frank's grandfather—ran a general store. Frank studied the secondary school in Strelitz, now part of Neustrelitz, and then Jacobsohn School in Seesen. Then, he took up an apprenticeship as an apothecary in Osterburg, because he was interested in chemistry. From 1855 to 1857 he studied pharmacy, natural sciences and technology at the university in Berlin. In the same year he passed the examination to become an apothecary with a grade of 1 (the best possible grade in the German school system). In 1861 and 1862, he received his doctorate in chemistry from the university in Göttingen with a work about the production of sugar. Before this, in 1858, he had already received his first patent while working for a sugar beet factory in Staßfurt. He received this patent for having discovered a way to clean beet juice with clay soaps. The emphasis of his work was on the use of potash as an artificial fertilizer.

After 1860, he discovered and developed a deposit near Staßfurt and Leopoldshall, thus founding the industry. In 1861, he gained the patent on fertilizer on the basis of potassium chloride. A further invention of his was a method for the extraction of bromine from salt mines.

His work in the field of fertilizers led to the use of the fertilizer discovered by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas ( or ). Together with the German-Polish chemist Nikodem Caro, he developed the Frank-Caro process of extracting calcium cyanamide in 1899, which was the foundation of the nitrogen and calcium cyanamide fertilizer industry. In the same year those two and a few other businessmen founded Cyanidgesellschaft mbH, which would later become Bayrischen Stickstoff-Werke AG (BStW) in Trostberg.

The brown coloring of bottles, which is supposed to protect the content of the bottle from the effects of light, can also be attributed to him. He also researched the extraction of hydrogen for blimp together with Carl von Linde.

He was awarded the John Scott Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1893.

References

1834 births
1916 deaths
People from Altmarkkreis Salzwedel
Scientists from the Province of Saxony
19th-century German Jews
19th-century German chemists
20th-century German chemists

Adolph Frank


A taxis (plural taxes) is an innate behavioral response by an organism to a directional stimulus. This means the organism automatically moves towards or away from the stimulus.

A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often plant growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that the organism has motility and shows movement towards or away from the stimulus source.

Phototaxis: movement, usually towards light. Shown by many organisms, such as many flying insects.
Chemotaxis: movement towards desirable chemicals, and away from unpleasant ones.

Even single-celled organisms can show taxis.

References

Physiology

Taxis


Stradanus, Johannes Stradanus, Jan van der Straet or Giovanni Stradano (1523 – 2 November 1605) was a Flemish artist active mainly in 16th-century Florence, Italy. He was a wide-ranging talent who worked as an easel and fresco painter, designer of tapestries, draughtsman, designer of prints and pottery decorator.  His subject range was varied and included history subjects, mythological scenes, allegories, landscapes, genre scenes, portraits, architectural scenes and animals. After training in his native Flanders, he left his home country and ultimately settled down in Florence, Italy. He became a prominent court artist to the Medici during the second half of the 16th century and worked on the many decorative projects of the court. Stradanus also produced large altarpieces for the most important churches in Florence.

He was a prolific designer of prints which were circulated widely throughout Europe for many centuries. Through his knowledge of Florentine and Italian art and his international contacts with engravers and editors in Antwerp, Stradanus contributed to the development of printmaking. He was one of the earliest members of the prominent Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno established in Florence in 1563. Stradanus also worked on various commissions in Rome, and resided in Naples from 1576 until about 1580. Thereafter he returned to Florence, dying there in 1605.

Life

Born in Bruges, he began his training in the shop of his father. He subsequently continued his training in the workshop of the otherwise unknown Bruges master Maximiliaen Francken (from 1535 to 1537). He later moved to Antwerp, where he studied from 1537 to 1540 in the workshop of Pieter Aertsen, a Dutch genre painter active in that city. There he mastered the visual language of the Renaissance and the ability to depict complex compositions. In 1545 he was registered under the name Hans vander Straten as a master painter in the Antwerp guild of Saint Luke. In Antwerp he moved in the circle of the Romanists, i.e. Northern artists who had traveled to Italy and upon their return to their home country created a Renaissance style, which assimilated Italian formal language.

As was common at the time, he left his home country to travel to Italy to complete his studies. He traveled first to Lyon where he may have worked with the Dutch painter Corneille de la Haye. He then moved on to Venice where he spent a few months. In Venice he met the Flemish carpet weaver Jan Rost who headed up the newly established Arazzeria Medicea, the personal weaving workshop in Florence of the Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo I de' Medici. Rost encouraged Stradanus to travel to Florence for work.  He followed the advice and reached Florence in 1550, where he entered in the service of the Medici Grand Dukes. He became one of the principal assistants of Giorgio Vasari, a painter, architect and the principal advisor of the Medici on art issues.  Stradanus carried out his first commissions as a designer of tapestries in the Arazzeria Medicea. He designed a number of scenes for tapestries and frescoes to decorate the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence and the Medici Villa at Poggio a Caiano, projects that were under the general direction of Vasari and executed by the about 20 assistants in Vasari's workshop.

During the period from 1550 to 1553, he spent time in Rome to work on commissions. Here he assisted Francesco Salviati and also worked with Daniele da Volterra on the decoration of the Vatican Belvedere. Some time between 1550 and 1555 Stradanus married Lucrezia di Lorenzo Guardieri.  Two children from this marriage were Lucrezia (before 1556) and Scipione (1556-1612).  Scipione became an artist and collaborated with his father on some projects. Stradanus became financially successful and he was able to acquire a house and other possessions as well as donate substantial sums to religious institutions. One of these was the Sant'Agata Monastery, where his daughter Lucrezia became a nun in 1569.

Stradanus worked in Florence in a milieu that included Vasari, Bronzino, Allori and Salviati. Stradanus was one of the earliest members together with the aforementioned artists of the Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno, after its establishment was approved by the Medici court on 13 January 1563 at the request of Vasari.  The Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno acted both as a guild for all working artists in Florence and an institution for education in the arts.  Stradanus later became a consul of this institution. He also taught classes at the Accademia, and one of his pupils was Antonio Tempesta. He played a key role in the design of the tomb of Michelangelo who died in 1564. Stradanus also worked on various ephemeral works created for important public events in Florence.  In 1565, he was a member of the team of painters and sculptors who executed the large-scale decorations at the occasion of the entry into Florence of Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany on the occasion of her wedding with Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.  The overall direction of the project was in the hands of Giorgio Vasari.

Stradanus was one of the artists involved in the decoration of the Studiolo of Francesco I, the small, windowless barrel-vaulted room in the Palazzo Vecchio commissioned by Francesco I de' Medici and completed between 1570 and 1575 after designs by Vasari. The room was a Wunderkammer (Hall of Wonders), containing a vast collection of rare and precious items such as gems, medals, precious metals, carvings, pharmaceuticals and animal exhibits. Representations of the four elements (earth, air, fire and water) covered each wall. Stradanus contributed two paintings to the decoration of the Studiolo: The Alchemist's Studio and Circe transforms the companions of Ulysses.

In the early 1570s Stradanus seems to have become independent of the court and Vasari.  By this time the relationship between Stradanus and Vasari had soured and Vasari even tried to prevent Stradanus from gaining certain commissions. During this period he created a number of easel paintings.  He had started to gain on his own commissions for large altarpieces for the most important churches of Florence, starting with Santa Croce in 1569, which was followed by Santissima Annunziata, Santo Spirito, Santa Maria Novella and other churches. He was also gradually working more outside Florence in places such as Pisa, Prato, Arezzo and Forli. In 1576 he moved to Naples, where he was employed by the newly appointed vice`roy of Naples John of Austria.  He visited around 1578 Antwerp possibly traveling from Naples in the company of John of Austria who had been appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands. At that time Antwerp was the most important centre of printing and publishing in Europe. Following this visit, he began to design engravings for the Antwerp printers, eventually producing a large number of drawings destined to be translated into prints. Stradanus collaborated with printmakers Hieronymus Cock and the Galle family in Antwerp to produce hundreds of prints on a variety of subjects, most of which were repeatedly reproduced and often bound into volumes.

By 1583 Stradanus had returned to Florence. He worked that year for the Pazzi family for whom he painted an extensive series of frescoes for the chapel in Villa Pazzi al Parugiano in Montemurlo near Florence.  He worked between 1585 and 1587 on a commission by Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (later Pope Leo XI) on frescoes for the chapel of the Palazzo Della Gherardesca in Florence.

He died in Florence on 2 November 1605. He was buried in the Cappella della Compagnia di Santa Barbara of de Santissima Annunziata in Florence.  To this day, his tomb is decorated with a bust of the artist, made after a portrait by his son Scipio, together with an inscription referring to his Flemish roots.

Work

General
Stradanus was a versatile artist who worked as an easel and fresco painter, designer of tapestries, draughtsman, designer of prints and pottery decorator.  His subject range was varied and included history subjects, mythological and religious scenes, allegories, landscapes, genre scenes, portraits, battle pieces, architectural scenes and animals. He was a prolific designer of prints which were circulated widely throughout Europe for many centuries. It is Stradanus' versality and relentless zest for work that ensured him such an important role in the workshop of Vasari and in the Florentine art world which he was able to maintain for almost 60 years.  Around 1580 he commissioned a printed self-portrait (engraved by Johannes Wierix) accompanied by the following motto: ASSIDUITATE NIHIL NON ADSEQUITUR (There is nothing that cannot be achieved through perseverance).

He played an important role in the design and execution of the large commissions for the Medici court the overall direction of which was in the hands of Vasari. His key task was to translate the sketches by Vasari into finished designs, which in turn were used to produce the cartoons for the final painted work. It is clear from the preserved drawings of Stradanus that he regularly participated in the initial development of the compositions.  Sixteen finished studies for compositions by Stradanus have been discovered.  These designs are executed in pen and ink, embellished by abundant wash. In his use of wash to outline the figures Stradanus distinguished himself from his Flemish masters who preferred the use of a pen for such work. In his style and technique Stradanus combined his Flemish training with Italian techniques. He emphasized the pictorial qualities in his drawings.

Paintings
Stradanus produced large altarpieces for the most important Florentine churches. His monumental religious panels still hang in the Santa Croce, Santissima Annunziata, Santa Maria Novelia and Santo Spirito. Stradanus' talent as a fresco painter is visible in the murals he created in the Palazzo Vecchio. This ducal palace, which was designed under the direction of Giorgio Vasari, was given a complete decoration with frescoes according to an extensive and complex iconographic program developed by Vasari. Stradanus made a fundamental contribution to the detailed designs of the fresco's, which were then executed by him and workshop assistants.  In recognition of his important contribution his portrait was placed alongside that of Vasari on the ceiling of the Salone dei Cinquecento, the majestic reception room of the Palazzo.

In style, composition and technique, the work of Stradanus is entirely in line with that of Vasari and his workshop.  He used the elaborate and complex compositions with an overly emphatic display of virtuosity in the postures and twists of the human body. His use of color was also in line with the development of what is later known as Florentine Mannerism: brighter and with greater emphasis on light-dark effects than the previous generations. There is little evidence of any influence of the Flemish painting traditions during this period, probably also because Giorgio Vasari had a firm grip on the program of the palace's decorations. His work is characterised by its high technical quality and the accuracy of his painting.

Tapestries
While it is believed that Stradanus was active as designer of tapestries in Italy upon his arrival in the early 1550s, his first recorded designs were carried out for the Arazzeria Medicea, the personal weaving workshop of the Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici. He was paid in 1559 for the cartoons for a series of three tapestries on the Story of Saturn, the original designs of which were made by Vasari.  These tapestries were intended for the Terrazo di Saturno in the Palazzo Vecchio. Stradanus changed the original designs of Vasari for the series.

In 1559 Stradanus designed the cartoons on the theme of the Life of Man for the Quartiere di Leonora in the Palazzo Vecchio.  The series was completed in 1565 and only four tapestries survive.  Stradanus further designed cartoons for a six-piece series of Roman women (realised in 1562–1564), a series of four on the Story of Esther and Ahasuerus (realised in 1562–1564) and a six piece series of the Story of Ulysses (realised in 1563–1565) for the Sala di Penelope. Stradanus designed cartoons for a series of four on the Story of David for the Quartiere di Cosimo (realised in 1561–1562), a four piece series of the Story of Solomon (realised in 1564–1565), two sets of the Story of Cyrus comprising 13 tapestries (realised in 1565–1567) and two more series of the Story of David. He further provided designs for cartoons for a series of tapestries on the History of the Medici for the Quartiere di Leone X (realised in 1569–1574).

Cosimo wanted to decorate his outdoor villa in Poggio a Caiano with tapestries. Stradanus developed a decorative project with hunting scenes divided in three categories: hunts for four-legged animals, animals in the air and animals in the water. The designs were inspired by contemporary sources, the classical literature of Pliny, Homer and Herodotus, as well as the hunting practices at the Florentine court. The designs were received with great acclaim. Stradanus completed 28 cartoons for the series, which was woven between 1566 and 1577. The designs for these tapestries were later published as prints by printers in Antwerp such as Philip Galle and other international publishing houses.

Prints

Stradanus became interested in working for the printers in the 1570s in particular after his visit to Antwerp in 1578. Initially, he provided existing designs he had created for his paintings and tapestries to the publishers to be turned into prints. The Antwerp publisher Hieronymus Cock published in 1570 a series of prints after Stradanus' designs for the tapestries of hunting scenes he made for the Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo I de' Medici.  From 1576 the design of prints became one of the principal activities of Stradanus. He later worked with Philip Galle as his main publisher, likely as a result of meeting with Galle in Antwerp during his visit in 1578. Stradanus' virtuoso drawings were engraved by some of the leading engravers of the second half of the sixteenth century, among them Hendrick Goltzius, Philip Galle and his sons Theodoor and Cornelis, Hans Collaert and his sons Adriaen and Jan, and members of the Sadeler family and the Wierix brothers.

The subjects of the prints were wide-ranging and were in the first place geared towards the demand on the international market for prints that was supplied by the Antwerp printers.  After the take-over by Antwerp by the Catholics, the preference was for counter-reformation themes such as the two Passion cycles, series on the life of the Virgin and the life of St. John the Baptist, the Acts of the Apostles, two series of the Resurrection of Christ  and countless loose devotional prints that Stradanus designed.

In addition, Stradanus drew inspiration for subjects from the Florentine intellectual and literary climate in which he lived.  Important were his contacts with the exiled Florentine writer and scholar Luigi Alamanni and other members of the Alamanni family who are mentioned in various commissions and dedications to prints. Luigi Alamanni likely inspired Stradanus to illustrate the entire Divina Commedia. Stradanus made a number of drawings for this project which was never completed. Only one of these drawings, depicting Canto 34 of Hell, where Dante and Vergilius look at Lucifer in the center of the Earth, was engraved by Philip Galle. Other themes that tie in with similar intellectual interest are the Nova reperta, depicting inventions of the modern era ending with a print showing an active printshop and the Americae retectio, a so-called 'picture atlas', issued in leaflet form to commemorate the first centenary of the discovery of the New World. It has been argued that the two prints in the Nova reperta series on America of which one shows Amerigo Vespucci's first encounter with the New World and the four symbolic prints making up the Americae retectio series were aimed at showing the presumed important role played by Florence in the discovery of America as Vespucci was a Florentine.  The prints and their allegorical symbols were disseminated widely through the next century and informed the contemporary perception of America. He also designed a series depicting the Horses of the Stable of John of Austria and the Illustrious acts of Roman women.

In yet another genre of print designs, aimed at a wider audience, Stradanus referred back to the subjects which he had elaborated as a court artist to the Medici court in his designs of tapestries and frescoes in the Palazzo Vecchio: a series that recounts the history and production of silk, an extensive series on the military triumphs of the Medici and a series depicting hunts of various animals published under the title Venationes Ferarum, Avium, Piscium. While some of the hunts in the last series are depicted in a relatively realistic manner, such as the dramatic rendering of horsemen with lances trying to kill a lion that fiercely resists, other hunts seem rather unrealistic such as the print showing leopards being caught with the help of mirrors. One of his most famous loose prints was the Allegory of the arts engraved by Cornelis Cort in 1578.

References

External links

1523 births
1605 deaths
Artists from Bruges
Painters from Antwerp
Flemish Mannerist painters
Painters from Tuscany
Flemish landscape painters
Flemish history painters
Flemish genre painters
Flemish tapestry artists

Stradanus


The 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak happened on Palm Sunday, March 27, 1994. This was the third tornado outbreak in the United States to happen on a Palm Sunday. 40 people were killed in this outbreak, and 491 were injured.

Summary
The Storm Prediction Center issued a warning on March 26 saying the risk of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes from the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic.

On the morning of March 27, a moderate risk was given for Alabama. By 9:00 a.m., thunderstorms began to develop. At 9:18 a.m., a tornado watch was issued for eastern Mississippi and northern Alabama. Tornado warnings were issued at 11:00 a.m. CST. At 11:39 a.m., a tornado struck the Goshen United Methodist Church in Piedmont, Alabama, killing 22 people, including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

At noon EST, a PDS tornado watch was announced for northern Georgia. Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes entered Georgia by 12:42 p.m. EST and continued throughout the afternoon. The Storm Prediction Center announced a tornado watch for eastern Louisiana and central Mississippi. However, no tornadoes touched down on March 27. A tornado watch was also announced in the Carolinas. Tornadoes hit this area through the afternoon, including an F3 in Georgia and South Carolina, injuring 12. Another tornado injured 13 in North and South Carolina.

Tornadoes continued to hit Alabama between 4:00 and 5:30 p.m. CST, damaging a high school. A funnel cloud was seen at 6:00 p.m. CST. The storm had winds up to 60 mph.

The final tornado struck Greenville County, South Carolina at midnight on March 28. The NWS offices in Birmingham, Atlanta, and Athens did not stop issuing warnings until early in the morning on March 28.

Tornadoes in the United States
1990s in weather

1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak


21st Century Fox (Twenty-First Century Fox) was an American multinational mass media corporation founded in 2013. In 2019, Disney acquired most of 21CF.

It is one of two companies made from the 2013 split of News Corporation (founded by Rupert Murdoch in 1979). 21st Century Fox has the broadcasting and movie assets and serves as the legal successor to News Corporation. The publishing assets were spun off to form News Corp at the same time. The split was so both companies operate under more "focused" management, which Murdoch claimed would "unlock" their true value.

Among the holdings of 21st Century Fox are Fox Entertainment Group. This owns the 20th Century Fox film studio and Fox television network. There are other assets, such as the pan-Asian pay channel operator Star India.

On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company said that they would acquire a lot of 21st Century Fox's subsidiaries for $52 billion USD. This includes the 20th Century Fox studio and Fox's partnership with National Geographic. Some subsidiaries like Fox Broadcasting Company and Fox News Channel will still be a part of 21st Century Fox. The deal closed on March 20, 2019.

Final holdings
21st Century Fox primarily consisted of the media and broadcasting properties that were owned by its predecessor, such as the Fox Entertainment Group and Star India. News Corporation's broadcasting properties in Australia, such as Foxtel and Fox Sports Australia, remain a part of the newly renamed News Corp Australia—which was spun off with the current incarnation of News Corp and was not a part of 21st Century Fox.

Music and radio
 Fox Music
 Fox News Radio
 Fox News Talk
 Fox Sports Radio

Studios
 Fox Entertainment Group: 20th Century Fox's parent company
 20th Century Fox: a film production/distribution company
 Fox Searchlight Pictures – specialised films.
 Fox 2000 Pictures – general audience feature films.
 Fox Studios Australia, Sydney, New South Wales
 Fox Family - a family friendly production company
 Fox Stage Productions - a theatrical production company
 20th Century Fox Television – primetime television programming.
 20th Television – television distribution (syndication).
 Lincolnwood Drive Inc.
 Fox 21 Television Studios – low scripted/budgeted television production company.
 Fox Television Animation - animation production company.
 Fox Television Studios- market specific programming e.g. and network television company.
 20th Century Fox Animation - animation production company.
 Blue Sky Studios – production of computer animated films
 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment - home video distribution company
 Boom! Studios (minority stake) –  comic book and graphic novel publisher
 Zero Day Fox – web series/films production company.
 Fox VFX Lab
 New Regency Productions (80%) – general audience feature films.
 Regency Enterprises (20%) – parent company of New Regency Productions.
 Fox Star Studios fully owned -the Studio for Indian Movie's Production and Distribution.

TV

Production
 Endemol Shine Group, production and distribution company (joint venture with Apollo Global Management) 50%

Broadcast
 Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox), a US broadcast television network
 MyNetworkTV, a US broadcast television network
 Movies!, a US free-to-air television network (in partnership with Weigel Broadcasting with both owning 50%)
 Fox Television Stations, a group of owned and operated Fox television stations

Satellite television
 Tata Sky (30%), an Indian Direct To Home Television Service Provider. (in partnership with Tata Group (70%))
 Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific (formerly Star TV), an Asian satellite TV service having 300 million viewers in 53 countries, mainly in Taiwan, China & other Asian countries
 Star India, satellite TV network with landing rights in India.

Cable
Cable TV channels owned (in whole or part) and operated by 21st Century Fox include:
 Fox Business Network, a business news channel.
 Fox Movie Channel, an all-movie channel that airs commercial-free movies from 20th Century Fox's film library
 Fox News Channel, a 24-hour news and opinion channel
 Fox Sports Networks, a chain of US regional cable news television networks broadcasting local sporting events linked together by national sports news programming. Local channels include "Fox Sports Southwest", "Fox Sports Detroit", etc. (some affiliates are owned by Cablevision.)
 Fox College Sports, a college sports network consisting of three regionally aligned channels, mostly with archived Fox Sports Net programmes but also some live and original content.
 Fox Sports International
 Fox Sports 1, a sports network, which presented a wide variety of sports programming.
 Fox Sports 2, a sports network, which served as a counterpart to FS1.
 Fox Soccer Plus, a sister network to FSC, but including coverage of other sports. Launched in 2010 after News Corporation picked up many of the broadcast rights abandoned by Setanta Sports when it stopped broadcasting in the U.S later transferred to 21st Century Fox.
 Fox Deportes, a Spanish-language North American cable sports network; its sports line-up is tailored to appeal to a Latin American audience.
 FX Networks, a cable network broadcasting reruns of programming previously shown on other channels, but recently creating its own programming, including the Emmy Award-winning programmes The Shield and Damages.
 Fox Sports Racing, a motorsports-oriented sports network operating in North American markets outside of the United States as a replacement for Speed, which primarily carried motorsports events from FS1 and FS2.
 Big Ten Network, cable and satellite channel dedicated to The Big Ten Conference, launched August 2007 (51%)
 National Geographic Channel (joint venture with National Geographic Society) 67%
 National Geographic Global Networks 75%
 Nat Geo Mundo (joint venture with National Geographic Society)
 Nat Geo Wild (joint venture with National Geographic Society)
 YES Network (80%), regional cable sports network; broadcasts New York Yankees and Brooklyn Nets games, among other teams.
 Fox Networks Group, domestic cable channels offering different formats of Fox programming in over thirty countries worldwide.
 Fox
 Fox Life
 Fox Crime
 Fox Comedy
 Fox Rewayat
 FX
 Fox Movies
 Fox Sports
 National Geographic
 Nat Geo Wild
 Nat Geo People
 Nat Geo Music
 YourTV
 Viajar
 Voyage
 Xee
 BabyTV
 Latin America
 Fox Networks Group Latin America – channels available in over 17 countries in Latin America
 National Geographic
 National Geographic HD
 National Geographic Wild
 Nat Geo Music
 Fox Channel
 Fox Premium
 Fox HD
 FX
 Fox Life
 Fox Sports
 Baby TV
 LAPTV (Latin American Pay Television) operates 8 cable movie channels throughout South America excluding Brazil.
 Rede Telecine operated 5 cable movie channels in Brazil.
 Fox Telecolombia – Spanish-language television production. (51%)

Internet
 Fox Sports Digital Media
 Foxsports.com – website with sports news, scores, statistics, video and fantasy sports
 Fox Sports Go – online video streaming site of Fox Sports
 Fox Nation – online video streaming site
 Hulu (30%) – online video streaming site (now owned by Disney, but formerly in partnership with Comcast)
 TrueX

Other assets
 FoxNext – video game, virtual reality and theme park company

References

2013 establishments in New York (state)

21st Century Fox


Benjamin Edward Meara "Ben" Stiller (born November 30, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, voice actor, screenwriter, movie director, and producer. He is best known for his roles in There's Something About Mary, Zoolander (2001), Meet the Parents (2001) (and its 2004 sequel Meet the Fockers).
Stiller has also starred in Flirting with Disaster (1996), Duplex (2003) and Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story (2004) among others. One of the first movies he starred in was Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun (1987). He directed Reality Bites (1994) and The Cable Guy (1996).

Early life
Stiller was born in New York City in 1965. His father, Jerry Stiller, was from a Jewish family that immigrated from Poland and Galicia, in Eastern Europe. His mother, Anne Meara, who was of Irish Catholic background, converted to Reform Judaism after marrying his father. She died in 2015. The family celebrated both Hanukkah and Christmas, and Stiller had a Bar Mitzvah. He has said that he is "half Jewish and half Irish Catholic." Stiller's parents frequently took him on the sets of their appearances, including The Mike Douglas Show when he was six. He stated in an interview that he considered his childhood unusual: "In some ways, it was a show-business upbringing—a lot of traveling, a lot of late nights—not what you'd call traditional."

His older sister, Amy, has appeared in many of his productions, including Reality Bites, DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, and Zoolander. Stiller displayed an early interest in filmmaking and made Super 8 movies with his sister and friends.

At age 9, Stiller made his acting debut as a guest on his mother's short-lived television series, Kate McShane. In the late 1970s, he performed with the New York City troupe NYC's First All Children's Theater, playing several roles, including the title role in Clever Jack and the Magic Beanstalk. After being inspired by the television show Second City Television while in high school, Stiller realized that he wanted to get involved with sketch comedy. During his high school years, he was also the drummer of the post-punk band Capital Punishment, which released the studio album Roadkill in 1982. The band's bassist, Peter Swann, went on to become (as of 2018) an Arizona Court of Appeals Judge. The band reunited in 2018 to release a new EP, titled This is Capital Punishment, for Record Store Day.

Stiller attended The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine and graduated from the Calhoun School in New York in 1983. He started performing on the cabaret circuit as opening act to the cabaret siren Jadin Wong. Stiller then enrolled as a film student at the University of California, Los Angeles. After nine months, Stiller left school to move back to New York City. He made his way through acting classes, auditioning and trying to find an agent.

Career
When he was approximately 15, Stiller obtained a small part with one line on the television soap opera Guiding Light, although in an interview he characterized his performance as poor.[31] He was later cast in a role in the 1986 Broadway revival of John Guare's The House of Blue Leaves, alongside John Mahoney; the production would garner four Tony Awards.

During its run, Stiller produced a satirical mockumentary whose principal was fellow actor Mahoney. Stiller's comedic work was well received by the cast and crew of the play, and he followed up with a 10-minute short titled The Hustler of Money, a parody of the Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money. The film featured him in a send-up of Tom Cruise's character and Mahoney in the Paul Newman role, only this time as a bowling hustler instead of a pool shark. The short got the attention of Saturday Night Live, which aired it in 1987 and two years later offered Stiller a spot as a writer. In the meantime, he had a bit role in Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun.

In 1989 Stiller wrote and appeared on Saturday Night Live as a featured performer. However, since the show did not want him to make more short films, he left after four episodes. He then put together Elvis Stories, a short film about a fictitious tabloid focused on recent sightings of Elvis Presley. The film starred friends and co-stars John Cusack, Jeremy Piven, Mike Myers, Andy Dick, and Jeff Kahn. The film was considered a success, and led him to develop the short film Going Back to Brooklyn for MTV; it was a music video starring comedian Colin Quinn that parodied LL Cool J's recent hit "Going Back to Cali".

Producers at MTV were so impressed with Back to Brooklyn that they offered Stiller a 13-episode show in the experimental "vid-com" format. Titled The Ben Stiller Show, this series mixed comedy sketches with music videos and parodied various television shows, music stars, and films. It starred Stiller, along with main writer Jeff Khan and Harry O'Reilly, with his parents and sister making occasional appearances.

Although the show was canceled after its first season, it led to another show titled The Ben Stiller Show, on the Fox Network in 1992. The series aired 12 episodes on Fox, with a 13th unaired episode broadcast by Comedy Central in a later revival.[36] Among the principal writers on The Ben Stiller Show were Stiller and Judd Apatow, with the show featuring the ensemble cast of Stiller, Janeane Garofalo, Andy Dick, and Bob Odenkirk.[37] Both Denise Richards and Jeanne Tripplehorn appeared as extras in various episodes. Throughout its short run, The Ben Stiller Show frequently appeared at the bottom of the ratings, even as it garnered critical acclaim and eventually won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program" posthumously.

In the early 1990s Stiller had minor roles in films such as Stella and Highway to Hell as well as a cameo in The Nutt House. In 1992 Stiller was approached to direct Reality Bites, based on a script by Helen Childress. Stiller devoted the next year and a half to rewriting the script with Childress, fundraising, and recruiting cast members for the film. It was eventually released in early 1994, directed by Stiller and featuring him as a co-star. The film was produced by Danny DeVito, who would later direct Stiller's 2003 film Duplex and produce his 2004 film Along Came Polly.

Reality Bites debuted as the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend and received mixed reviews.

Stiller joined his parents in the family film Heavyweights (1995), in which he played two roles, and then had a brief uncredited role in Adam Sandler's Happy Gilmore (1996). Next, he had lead roles in If Lucy Fell and Flirting with Disaster, before tackling his next directorial effort with The Cable Guy, which starred Jim Carrey. Stiller once again was featured in his own film, as twins. The film received mixed reviews, but was noted for paying the highest salary for an actor up to that point, as Carrey received $20 million for his work in the film. The film also connected Stiller with future Frat Pack members Jack Black and Owen Wilson.

Also in 1996, MTV invited Stiller to host the VH1 Fashion Awards. Along with SNL writer Drake Sather, Stiller developed a short film for the awards about a male model known as Derek Zoolander. It was so well received that he developed another short film about the character for the 1997 VH1 Fashion Awards and finally remade the skit into a film.

In 1998 Stiller put aside his directing ambitions to star in a surprise hit with a long-lasting cult following, the Farrelly Brothers' There's Something About Mary, alongside Cameron Diaz. That year, he starred in several dramas, including Zero Effect, Your Friends & Neighbors, and Permanent Midnight. He was invited to take part in hosting the Music Video awards, for which he developed a parody of the Backstreet Boys and performed a sketch with his father, commenting on his current career.

In 1999 he starred in three films, including Mystery Men, where he played a superhero wannabe called Mr. Furious. He returned to directing with a new spoof television series for Fox titled Heat Vision and Jack, starring Jack Black; however, the show was not picked up by Fox after its pilot episode and the series was cancelled.

In 2000, Stiller starred in three more films, including one of his most recognizable roles, a male nurse named Gaylord "Greg" Focker in Meet the Parents, opposite Robert De Niro. The film was well received by critics, grossed over $330 million worldwide, and spawned two sequels. Also in 2000, MTV again invited Stiller to make another short film, and he developed Mission: Improbable, a spoof of Tom Cruise's role in Mission: Impossible II and other films.

In 2001, Stiller directed his third feature film, Zoolander, starring himself as Derek Zoolander. The film featured multiple cameos from a variety of celebrities, including Donald Trump, Paris Hilton, Lenny Kravitz, Heidi Klum, and David Bowie, among others. The film was banned in Malaysia (as the plot centered on an assassination attempt of a Malaysian prime minister),[52] while shots of the World Trade Center were digitally removed and hidden for the film's release after the September 11 terrorist attacks.

After Stiller worked with Owen Wilson in Zoolander, they joined again for The Royal Tenenbaums.

Over the next two years, Stiller continued with the lackluster box office film Duplex, and cameos in Orange County and Nobody Knows Anything! He has guest-starred on several television shows, including an appearance in an episode of the television series The King of Queens in a flashback as the father of the character Arthur (played by Jerry Stiller). He also made a guest appearance on World Wrestling Entertainment's WWE Raw.

In 2004, Stiller appeared in six different films, all of which were comedies, and include some of his highest-grossing films: Starsky & Hutch, Envy, DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (in which he had an uncredited cameo), Along Came Polly and Meet the Fockers. While the critical flop Envy only grossed $14.5 million,[60] the most successful film of these was Meet the Fockers, which grossed over $516.6 million worldwide.

He also made extended guest appearances on Curb Your Enthusiasm and Arrested Development in the same year. In 2005, Stiller appeared in Madagascar, which was his first experience as a voice actor in an animated film. Madagascar was a massive worldwide hit, and spawned the sequels Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa in 2008 and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted in 2012.

In 2006, Stiller had cameo roles in School for Scoundrels and Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny; he was executive producer of the latter. In December 2006, he had the lead role in Night at the Museum. Although not a critical favorite, it earned over $115 million in ten days.

In 2007, Stiller starred alongside Malin Åkerman in the romantic comedy The Heartbreak Kid. The film earned over $100 million worldwide despite receiving mostly negative reviews.

In 2008, Stiller directed, co-wrote, co-produced, and starred in the film Tropic Thunder, with Robert Downey Jr. and Jack Black; Stiller had originally conceived of the film's premise while filming Empire of the Sun in 1987.

In 2009, he starred with Amy Adams in Night at the Museum 2: Battle of the Smithsonian, sequel to Night at the Museum.

In 2010, Stiller made a brief cameo in Joaquin Phoenix's mockumentary I'm Still Here and played the lead role in the comedy-drama Greenberg. He again portrayed Greg Focker in the critically panned but financially successful Little Fockers, the second sequel to Meet the Parents. He had planned to voice the main character in Megamind, but later dropped out while still remaining a producer and voicing a minor character in the film.

In 2011, Stiller starred with Eddie Murphy and Alan Alda in Tower Heist, about a group of maintenance workers planning a heist in a residential skyscraper. He produced, directed, and starred in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, which was released in 2013.

In 2018 and 2019, Stiller played Michael Cohen on Saturday Night Live for 6 episodes.

Health
In October 2016, Stiller revealed that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in June 2014. Following surgery, he received a cancer-free status in September 2014.

Filmography

References

Ben Stiller at the Jonathan Ross Show.

Other websites

1965 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American writers
Jewish screenwriters
Movie directors from New York (state)
Writers from New York City

Ben Stiller


Kyemon () (The Mirror) is a state-owned Burmese language daily newspaper based in Yangon, Myanmar. Along with Myanmar Alin, Kyemon is one of two Burmese language national newspapers in the country. Kyemon tends to carry more human interest stories whereas Myanmar Alin is more geared towards publishing government propaganda.

History
Kyemon was founded in 1957 in Yangon by journalist U Thaung during Myanmar's brief experiment with parliamentary democracy and free media between 1948 and 1962. The daily was the best selling newspaper at that time, with a circulation of 90,000. After seizing power in March 1962, the military government of Gen. Ne Win cracked down on media, and nationalized all the daily newspapers, including Kyemon, in 1964. (U Thaung's open criticism of Gen. Ne Win earned him a prison sentence for him in 1964.)

The future poet laureate Soe Nyunt served as editor-in-chief of Kyemon from 1985 to 1990, going on to become Deputy Minister of Information from 1992 to 2003.
Kyemon survived the military government's crackdowns on news media that left the country with only three national newspapers.
As of 2007, these papers, published by the News and Publishing Enterprise of the Ministry of Information, were the Myanmar Alin and Kyemon in Burmese and the New Light of Myanmar in English.

Content
The front and back pages of all Burmese newspapers are almost all government related news and propaganda. At any rate, most Burmese read papers not for the news but for advertisements and announcements like weddings and obituaries. In 2006, the base rate for advertising was US$15 per inch per column and US$700 for a half-page advertisement.

See also
List of newspapers in Burma
Media of Burma

References

External links
Newspaper website
Kyemon Facebook Page

Daily newspapers published in Myanmar
Mass media in Yangon

Kyemon


The Offences Against the State Acts 1939–1998 form a series of laws passed by the Irish Oireachtas.

Offences under the Act
The Act criminalises many actions deemed detrimental to state security. An organisation can be made subject to a suppression order under the act, after which being a member of or directing the activities of such an unlawful organisation becomes an offence. The opinion of a senior Garda can be admitted as prima facie evidence of membership. The act also criminalises obstruction of the President or government, secret societies in the police or army and unauthorised demonstrations in the vicinity of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament.

Special Criminal Court
The Special Criminal Court is created and constituted by Part V of this statute. It is authorised by Article 38 of the Constitution of Ireland to hear indictable cases without a jury when ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice.

The Court consists of a High Court, a Circuit Court and a District Court judge.

Appeals are to the Court of Appeal.

Internment
This Act allows the Government to bring internment without trial into force. The Minister for Justice may order the detention of persons deemed dangerous to state security. It also establishes an independent appeals commission to which prisoners can apply for release by making the case that they are not a threat to public safety. This was used during the Second World War and introduced in 1957 during the IRA Border Campaign.

References

External links
Offences Against the State Act, 1939
Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act, 1972
Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act, 1985
Offences Against the State (Amendment) Act, 1998

Acts of the Oireachtas of the 1930s
Acts of the Oireachtas of the 1970s
Acts of the Oireachtas of the 1980s
Acts of the Oireachtas of the 1990s
1939 in Irish law
1972 in Irish law
1985 in Irish law
1998 in Irish law
Treason in Ireland
Emergency laws in the Republic of Ireland

Offences against the State Acts 1939–1998


Bangka is an island lying east of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is administered under the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, being one of its namesakes alongside the smaller island of Belitung across the Gaspar Strait. The 9th largest island in Indonesia, it had a population of 1,146,581 at the 2020 census. It is the location of the provincial capital of Pangkal Pinang, and is administratively divided into four regencies and a city. The island itself and the surrounding sea suffers considerable environmental damage from its thriving tin mining industry which operates on- and offshore.

Geography
Bangka is the largest landmass of the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. It lies just east of Sumatra, separated by the Bangka Strait; to the north lies the South China Sea, to the east, across the Gaspar Strait, is the island of Belitung, and to the south is the Java Sea. It is about 12,000 km². Most of its geography consists of lower plains, swamps, small hills, and beautiful beaches. It has white pepper fields, many palm trees and rubber trees, and well-known tin mines.

The island's largest city, Pangkal Pinang, is also the capital and largest city of the province. The town of Sungai Liat is its second-largest settlement. Mentok (formerly Muntok) is the principal port in the west. Other important towns are Toboali in the southern region; Koba, an important tin-mining town, also in the southern part of the island; and Belinyu, which is famous for its seafood products. Bangka has four seaports: Mentok, in the far west; Belinyu, in the far north; Sadai, in the far south; and Pangkal Balam, in Pangkal Pinang, where the government is contemplating the construction of a nuclear power station.

The population was 626,955 in 1990, 960,692 at the 2010 census and 1,146,581 at the 2020 census; the area is .

History
During the glacial periods, Bangka was connected to mainland Asia similarly with the larger islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo as part of the Sunda Shelf, and got separated once the sea level rose.

The Kota Kapur inscription, dated from 686 CE, was found in Bangka in 1920, showed Srivijayan influence on the island around the 7th century. Later, the island was conquered by an expedition from Majapahit, led by Gajah Mada, which appointed local rulers and established social structures. As the empire declined, Bangka fell into neglect.

Bangka was recorded as Peng-ka hill (彭加山) in the 1436 Xingcha Shenglan, compiled by the Chinese soldier Fei Xin during the treasure voyages of Admiral Zheng He. Contemporary records show that the area - close to the busy Strait of Malacca and waters of the Musi River - had significant presence of Chinese traders.

Later on, the island was taken over by the Johor and Minangkabau Sultanates which introduced Islam to the island. It continued to pass to the Banten Sultanate before it was then inherited by the nearby Palembang Sultanate sometime in the late 17th century. Soon after, around 1710, tin was discovered on the island which attracted migrants from across the archipelago and beyond. Descendants of the Chinese immigrants, mainly from Guangdong, still form a large portion of modern Bangka's inhabitants.

As tin mining developed further, the Palembang Sultanate sent for experts in Malay Peninsula and China. The Dutch East India Company managed to secure a monopolistic tin purchase agreement in 1722, but hostilities began to develop between the Sultan and the Dutch. During the British invasion of Java in 1811, then-Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin attacked and massacred the staff of the Dutch post on the island. He was later deposed and executed by the British. His successor ceded Bangka to Britain in 1812, but in 1814 Britain exchanged it with the Dutch for Cochin in India following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.

Around the late years of the 18th century, Bangka was an important production center of tin in Asia, with annual outputs hovering around 1,250 tons. In 1930 Bangka had a population of 205,363. Japan occupied the island from February 1942 to August 1945 during World War II. The Japanese military perpetrated the Bangka Island massacre against Australian nurses and British and Australian servicemen and civilians.

During the Indonesian National Revolution, republican leaders Sukarno and Hatta were exiled in Bangka in the aftermath of Operation Kraai. Bangka  became part of independent Indonesia in 1949. The island, together with neighboring Belitung, was formerly part of South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) province, but in 2000 the two islands became the new province of Bangka-Belitung. In the recent years, tin mining has declined notedly, although it is still a major part of the island's economy.

Bangka is also home to a number of communist Indonesians who have been under house arrest since the 1960s anti-Communist purge and are not permitted to leave the island.

Economy

Tin and environmental issues
Since circa 1710, Bangka has been one of the world's main tin-producing centers. Tin production is a government monopoly in Indonesia. There is a tin smelter at Muntok.  Indonesia is the second-largest tin producer and exporter in the world. Indonesia's largest tin production is produced on Bangka Island which makes it a strategic area for Indonesia in terms of world tin trade. But heavy tin exploitation caused environmental damage and much of the land suffers from infertility after being turned into (often illegal) tin mine. Irresponsible miners let the mine land become trenches filled with water and the surrounding land becomes arid with nothing to grow. This is a critical environmental issue.

Other
White pepper is also produced on the island.

Demographics

The majority of the inhabitants are Malays and Chinese, mostly Hakkas. The population is split between those work on the tin mines,  palm oil plantations, rubber plantations, fisherman and those who work on pepper farms.

See also

Islands of Indonesia

References

Landforms of the Bangka Belitung Islands
Islands of Sumatra
British rule in Indonesia
1812 establishments in the British Empire
1814 establishments in the Dutch Empire
Populated places in Indonesia

Bangka Island


The Newlyn riots occurred in Newlyn, Cornwall, UK in May 1896. Cornish fishermen did not believe in landing fish on a Sunday, so other fleets exploited their opportunity. Locals retaliated by seizing non-Cornish vessels and throwing their catch overboard. This led to three days of rioting, quelled only by the intervention of a naval destroyer.

Background
In the late 19th century the fishing port of Newlyn was home to one of the UK's largest fishing fleets, and was also the regular landing port for many other fishing vessels operating off the Cornish coast. At the time Newlyn was also the home to as many as five Methodist and Non-Conformist religious groups, whose congregations included the local fishermen, most of whom practised a ban on fish being landed on the Sabbath. The non-Cornish fishing crews, largely from Lowestoft and northern English ports, did not hold the same opinions about Sabbath observation, and would frequently land fish on a Sunday attracting higher prices for their fish than those sold on a weekday.

Early clashes
The riots began in the early morning of Monday 18 May when a group of up to 40 Newlyn fishermen, supported by a mob of around 1,000 others, boarded the boats of "East" (of Cornwall) fishermen moored in Newlyn Harbour and destroyed their catches. By mid-morning some 16 boats had been seized and approximately 100,000 mackerel thrown overboard. By midday messages were sent to the fishing communities of St Ives, Mousehole and Porthleven for help in intercepting the further 100 non-Cornish fishing vessels still at sea in the area.

Police mobilisation
Within minutes of the riot's beginning, a message was sent to the county police station at Chyandour in Penzance asking for assistance, and by mid-morning a large number of police had assembled from all parts of west Cornwall. Since an estimated 100 Lowestoft vessels were still at sea a small steamer was dispatched, containing the Newlyn harbour master, to advise them of the situation; the steamer was duly chased by a local trawler. By late afternoon the Porthleven fleet arrived in support of the Newlyn men.

Rioting
The next day the police and local fisherman exchanged in a number of violent encounters around Newlyn Harbour. The only recorded injury was to local Police Inspector Matthews, who was knocked on the head by a fish box. As the rioting continued seven "Yorkie" vessels were sighted making for Penzance harbour to land their catches there. Around 300 of the rioters then made for that harbour and were met by a detachment of the Penzance Borough Police, supported by a group of local Penzance youths. The strong resistance met on arrival in Penzance forced the rioters to return to Newlyn.

Military arrival
By mid-afternoon the situation had become so serious that the local authorities asked for military assistance. At 6:00 pm 400 soldiers from the Royal Berkshire Regiment under Major Massard arrived by train at Penzance railway station and made for temporary barracks in Penzance to await orders.

Rioting spreads
Around 8:00 pm a considerable riot broke out between the Newlyn, Porthleven and St Ives men, and the men of Penzance supported by the men of Lowestoft, who had by this time managed to land their catches.  Around 100 police of both the Penzance and Cornwall forces attempted to intervene but were beaten back, this leading the police to summon the assistance of the military recently stationed in Penzance.  The soldiers immediately made for Newlyn, again joined by several hundred Penzance men, and, upon crossing Newlyn bridge, were met with stone throwing.  The soldiers then made for the Harbour and occupied the piers. While this was occurring the torpedo boat destroyer HMS Ferret entered the harbour. The arrival of the military calmed the rioters, and by midnight that day they had largely dispersed.

References

 Newspaper report

External links

1896 riots
History of Cornwall
Newlyn
Riots and civil disorder in England
1896 in England
History of fishing
Fishing conflicts
International maritime incidents
19th century in Cornwall
Crime in Cornwall
May 1896 events

Newlyn riots


Egypt observes Eastern European Time (UTC+2) all year round, the same time as neighboring Libya. On April 29, 2016, Egypt announced it was going to re-introduce daylight saving time (DST) on July 7 at 00:00 (UTC+02:00), but on July 4, 2016, the Egyptian government announced that DST will not be observed in 2016.

Daylight saving time
Egypt first observed DST in 1940, but ended in 1945. DST was re-introduced in 1957, and the country continued to observe it until 2010.

Egypt formally observed daylight saving time from the last Friday of April until the first Friday of October. However, because of Ramadan, the dates varied, in 2006, it ended on September 22, in 2007 on September 7, and in 2008 on August 29. In 2010, Ramadan was completely changed to inside "summer".

On April 20, 2011, Egypt stopped observed summer time. EET was then used all year, with no summer time change.

In May 2014, daylight saving time was re-introduced in the country. DST started on Friday, May 16, with the period stopped during Ramadan, and then ended on Friday, September 26, but was abolished in 2015. In April 2016, it was announced DST will start on Friday, July 8, and end on Friday, October 28, but it was cancelled by the Egyptian government on July 4, 2016.

References

Egypt
Egypt

Time in Egypt


Ygo Gales Galama (c. 1443 – 25 January 1492) was a 15th-century Frisian warlord and Galama-patriarch.

Family and marriage

He was the son of Gale Yges Galama and Trijn Douwesdr Harinxma. The marriage of Gale and Trijn was an attempt to create a provisional peace between the warring factions of the Vetkopers and Schieringers. Gale came from a Vetkoper line and Trijn from a line of Schieringers. Ygo Gales Galama was married to Goslinga. The marriage is mentioned in the "Stamboek van de Friese Adel", which traces the genealogy and history of the Frisian nobility.  The couple possessed fortified homes at Koudum, Hemelum and Oudega. From this marriage they had four children: Trijn, Otto, Maaike and Juw.

The forest viking

Ygo was a rich, powerful and war-skilled Vetkoper with a notorious reputation. To his compatriots he was known as "the forest viking' but to his enemies het woudzwijn, the 'forest swine'.

Late middle-ages

The late Middle Ages were an important period in the development of Friesland. Monks ensured dike construction, new agriculture methods and an increase of written sources. Some of the oldest records of Frisian text originate from this period. The eleven Frisian cities got their town rights, trade contacts were extended and a money economy arose. The 14th and 15th centuries however were dominated by fighting between competing noble families. The cause of the fighting, aligned along two monastical orders, the Schieringers and Vetkopers, was due to complex family relations in which family loyalty, honour and blood revenge played an important role. In particular the fighting took place between important noble families and the influential monasteries. The Schieringers had their largest group of followers in Westergo. The Vetkopers had their power base in the east of the province.  The name Schieringers refers to the grey garments of the Cistercians
(Middle Dutch schiere = grey). The Vetkopers ("buyers of fat" – trading in butter, cheese etc.) were associated with the Norbertines, who supposedly obtained their income from livestock-farming.

In 1439 the factionalism which had abated for some years started once again in Gaasterland: the Vetkoper Galamas against the Schieringer Harinxmas. A violent conflict that continued until 1456. The dispute in Oostergo (1441–1444) was settled through a court of law under the influence of Groningen. On August 15, 1456, the threat of Duke Philip the Good led to a new alliance against all landlords and the formation of a council 'of the Common Land of Vrieslandt'. Shortly thereafter the Donia War (1458–1463) began, followed by an explosion of other disputes; the towns Sneek now played a large role, some actively, some passively (Dokkum 1470, the Beer Uproar of Leeuwarden in 1487). Attempts by the Emperor to settle the dispute proved fruitless. Holland could not supply the Vetkopers the help they needed, from which the Groningers profited until they themselves were defeated while laying siege to Franeker and had to abandon Westergo (1496).

Later years and death

The arrival of duke Albrecht in 1498 ensured a central authority that not only provided a visible presence, but also provided clear legislation and jurisdiction. The duke introduced general governing board measures, such as laws and taxes. The arrival of Albrecht and the setting-up of a governing board appropriate for Friesland however did not go without problems.

Fragments from the ' doodtboeck ' (deathbook) of Ernestus van Harinxma.

In 1613 Ernestus van Harinxma van Donia, a descendant of Haring Harinxma (Haring Donia) wrote a book concerning the deaths of Frisian nobles. In the 'Doodtboeck' he describes the violent struggle between the Schieringers and Vetkopers. Below is a report of the assassination of Ygo Gales Galama.

From the 'Doodtboeck':

Transcription (in Middle Dutch)
Anno 1492 Den 25 januari worde Ygo Galama in een slach by Worckum van den Schyringers gevangen ende dootlyck ghewont ende naedat hy ghebiecht hadde is hy des selven nachts tot 9 uren van Seerp Beyma knechten noch dootgheslaegen. Alsoo dat die stoute helt ende het hooft der Vetcoepers in Westerghoo aldaer sijn affganck ende eynde ghecreegen heeft.

English translation:
In the year 1492 on 25 January Ygo Galama in a battle near Workum got caught by the Schieringers and [got] mortally wounded. And after he had confessed, he was yet beaten to death on the same night at 9 o'clock by the soldiers of Seerp Beyma. Thus that this brave hero and leader of the Vetkopers in Westergo there met his passing and end.

Ancestry of Ygo Gales Galama

Direct descendant of Ygo II Galama (died 910) fifth Potestate of Friesland.
Great grandson of Haring Harinxma (Haring Donia) (abt. 1323–1403), Potestate of Friesland in 1398.
First cousin 3 times removed of Pier Gerlofs Donia (abt 1480–1520), Frisian freedom fighter and leader of the infamous Arumer Black Heap.
Direct descendant of Ige Galama (also known as Ygo Joukes Galama, see Frisian Crusaders) died in 1099 during the first crusade and buried in Antioch, see Siege of Antioch.

Sources and references

1440s births
1492 deaths
Frisian warriors
Dutch generals
Dutch military commanders
Medieval Dutch nobility
15th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
Medieval West Frisians

Ygo Gales Galama


Julia Mary Fownes Somerville (born July 14, 1947) is a reporter. She has worked for BBC News and ITN. She studied English at Sussex University.

Somerville has been interested in art. In 2001, she was one of the people who selected the National Portrait Gallery's BP Portrait of the Year. She has also served as a judge for several years on the RIBA Annual Architecture Award Panels. On 18 September 2003, Somerville was appointed Chair of the Advisory Committee of the Government Art Collection.

Somerville has married three times: to Stephen Band (1970 - 1975, no children), Ray Gowdridge ( 1984 - 1992, two children). She currently lives in North London with her third husband, the architect Sir Jeremy Dixon. Somerville and Dixon were interviewed by police in 1996. The people who developed their photograph had raised suspicions, because the couple wanted ot have images of their seven-year-old child developed. These photos showed the child bathing. No caution or charges followed the investigation.

References

1947 births
Living people

Julia Somerville


Canute is a town in Washita County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 541 at the 2010 census.

History
Canute was established in the early 1900s and is located on the now-defunct Rock Island Railroad. Following the advent of the automobile, Canute became a popular stop along U.S. Route 66 and a large number of tourist businesses were established, including gasoline service stations, motels and restaurants. However, when Interstate 40 bypassed the small village to the north in May 1970 and received only one exit from the freeway, the local economy went into a decline due to the bypass and the concurrent closure of nearby Clinton-Sherman Air Force Base at Burns Flat, leading most of those businesses to shut down. Today, Canute businesses include a bank and auto repair shop on Route 66, along with a gas station/convenience store. Former Oklahoma governor David Walters was born in Canute.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.

Climate

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 524 people, 214 households, and 145 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 242 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 88.36% White, 0.57% African American, 1.91% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 7.25% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.63% of the population.

There were 214 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,321, and the median income for a family was $38,036. Males had a median income of $26,406 versus $15,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,283. About 13.7% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 22.5% of those age 65 or over.

Canute Public Schools

Canute Elementary School is located at Third and Walk Street. The elementary serves students in Pre-K through 6th grade with an average of 32 students per class.

Canute Junior High and High School is located at 506 Third Street. The junior high serves students in 7th through 9th grades with 34 students per class on average. The high school serves students in 10th grade through 12th grade with an average of 30 students per class.

References

External links
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Canute

Towns in Oklahoma
Towns in Washita County, Oklahoma

Canute, Oklahoma


Bubur kacang hijau, abbreviated burjo, is a Southeast Asian sweet porridge (bubur) made from mung beans (kacang hijau), coconut milk, and palm sugar or cane sugar. The beans are boiled till soft, and sugar and coconut milk are added.

Slightly different names may be used in different regions of Indonesia, such as kacang ijo in Javanese areas. It is often served as dessert or snack, but is also a popular choice for breakfast or late night supper. In Indonesia, warungs specializing in selling bubur kacang hijau are commonly found. They usually also offer grilled bread (roti bakar).

Variants
The most basic variant of bubur kacang hijau only consists of mung bean porridge, coconut milk and palm sugar. Bubur kacang hijau may also be served with black glutinous rice (ketan hitam) and bread. Black glutinous rice can also be made into bubur ketan hitam.

Sometimes bubur kacang hijau is mixed with durian. It is served as is or together with bread.

Bubur kacang hijau is usually eaten warm, but can be served cold as es kacang hijau in Indonesia or ais kacang hijau in Malaysia. Es and ais mean "ice".

Gallery

See also

 Bubur cha cha
 List of desserts
 List of legume dishes
 List of porridges
 Red bean paste

References

Congee
Foods containing coconut
Legume dishes
Malaysian cuisine
Street food in Indonesia

Bubur kacang hijau


Vladimir Alvino Guerrero (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed Vlad, Vlady and Vlad the Impaler, is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–09), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011).

Guerrero is considered one of the greatest batters of all time, and is widely regarded as the best "bad ball" batter of all time (the ability to hit pitches outside of the strike zone). He was well known for putting the ball into play, and particularly on the first pitch.  He had exceptional hands at the plate, and would bat without batting gloves.  Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average.  In the outfield, Guerrero was sometimes considered a defensive liability, prone to making errors, which resulted in him being a designated hitter in the last stage of his remarkable career, but he was also known to have a very powerful throwing arm that allowed him to make outfield assists on base runners.

Many baseball fans and critics believe Guerrero's career was overshadowed by those of other players due to playing for a small fan base in Montreal, and similarly, many believe that he deserved to win the 2000 National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award for his remarkable season, an award which instead was won by Barry Bonds.

Guerrero barely missed being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame on the first ballot (first year of candidacy), but he was admitted in on the second ballot.

One of Guerrero's sons, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., plays in MLB.

1975 births
Dominican Republic baseball players
American League All-Stars
National League All-Stars
Baltimore Orioles players
Montreal Expos players
Texas Rangers players
Living people
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players

Vladimir Guerrero