Dropkick Murphys are an American Celtic punk band formed in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1996. Singer Ken Casey has been the band's only constant member.  Other current members include drummer Matt Kelly (1997– ), singer Al Barr (1998– ), guitarist James Lynch (2000– ), multi-instrumentalist Tim Brennan (2003– ) and multi-instrumentalist Jeff DaRosa (2007– ).

The band was initially signed to independent punk record label Hellcat Records, releasing five albums for the label, and building a reputation locally through constant touring and yearly St. Patrick's Day week shows, held in and around Boston. The 2004 single, "Tessie" became the band's first mainstream hit and one of their biggest charting singles to date.

The band's final Hellcat release, 2005's The Warrior's Code, included the song "I'm Shipping Up to Boston." The song was featured in the 2006 film The Departed, and went on to become the band's only platinum-selling single to date. It remains one of their best-known songs. The band is known for their loud, energetic live shows.

In 2007, the band began releasing music through their own imprint label, Born & Bred via Alternative Distribution Alliance. 2007's The Meanest of Times made its debut at No. 20 on the Billboard charts and featured the successful single, "The State of Massachusetts", while 2011's Going Out in Style was an even bigger success, making its debut at No. 6, giving the band their highest-charting album to date. The band's eighth studio album, Signed and Sealed in Blood was released in 2013 making its debut at No. 9 on the Billboard charts and featured the single "The Season's Upon Us", a Christmas song that was one of the band's highest-charting singles, and the single, "Rose Tattoo" which has become one of their most popular songs. The band's ninth album, 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory, which was released on January 6, 2017,  debuted at number 8 on the Billboard charts and rose to number 2 on the charts. Their tenth album, Turn Up That Dial, was released on April 30, 2021. Their eleventh album, This Machine Still Kills Fascists, was released on September 30, 2022. Their twelfth album, Okemah Rising, was released on May 12, 2023.

History

Mike McColgan era: 1996–1998
Dropkick Murphys were originally formed in 1996 in Quincy, Massachusetts, initially consisting of lead vocalist Mike McColgan, bassist/vocalist Ken Casey, guitarist Rick Barton, and drummer Jeff Erna (who would be replaced in the next year by Matt Kelly). The band was named after Dr. John "Dropkick" Murphy's alcohol-detoxification facility. The "Dropkick Murphys" first started playing in the basement of a friend's barbershop and soon began to tour and record. They received their first big break when the Mighty Mighty Bosstones selected them as the opening act for their 1997 tour in support of Let's Face It.

After putting out a series of EPs, they were signed by Hellcat Records in 1997. In 1998 they released their first full-length album, Do or Die, which was produced by Rancid's Lars Frederiksen.

Lead singer Mike McColgan left the band in 1998 during the middle of a US tour with the Business. According to McColgan, he wanted to follow in the footsteps of his uncle and join the Boston Fire Department, which he eventually would do in 2001. The band gave a different explanation for McColgan's departure in the liner notes of their 1998 7" release Curse of a Fallen Soul: "We'd like to take this time to officially let you know that Mike McColgan, our former lead singer has quit the band. We apologize to anyone who was a fan of Mike as our singer, however contrary to popular rumor, he did not leave the band to join the fire department. Mike left the band because he is no longer interested in being a member of this band or the movement of which we are a part." The band goes on to explain that their music is very serious to them and that it did not feel right having a singer who was going through the motions. Even Mike felt that the band deserved a singer who was emotionally invested in the music. Mike would later return to the punk scene in 2002 as singer of the Street Dogs.

Hellcat years: 1998–2007

Following McColgan's departure, the band searched for a replacement but did not have much luck. Al Barr, lead singer for the Bruisers was well aware of the Dropkick Murphys and at first actually resented the fact that the Dropkick Murphys were quickly becoming one of the biggest bands in the area, opening for all the bigger bands to come through, a slot Barr and the Bruisers would usually have obtained. Barr was informed of McColgan's departure and quickly assumed that the band was finished however he was contacted by Derek TC NYSR producer-founder of the groundbreaking 1990s Oi!-Skampilation series at the Middle East Club in Cambridge and informed to contact Ken Casey right away. Barr went in to audition for the band, first performing a new song titled "10 Years of Service" and was offered the job right away, which he accepted. Barr's first release with the band was the 1998 7" single for "Curse of a Fallen Soul".

On March 9, 1999, the band released their second studio album and first with Barr, The Gang's All Here. The album featured more of a hardcore–street punk sound closer to that of Barr's former band, the Bruisers and more of an Irish influence than on their debut album. The band gained their first mainstream exposure when the video for their single "10 Years of Service" received airplay on the MTV show 120 Minutes. The band set out on a year-long tour to support the album. In late 1999, the band along with the Business, released a split single titled, "Mob Mentality" in 1999. A year later they released a full-length album of the same name featuring the two bands covering each other's songs along with songs from other artists. Dropkick Murphys also re-recorded their own song "Boys on the Docks" with Al on vocals.

As the band began the process of recording their third album in 2000, Rick Barton decided to quit during the recording sessions. In 2014 Barton discussed his departure saying "Myself and Kenny ended up hating each other. We've since made amends, but you know, touring in a band for four straight years... that same old story." With Barton gone, the band added four new members which included former Ducky Boys guitarist James Lynch, who joined shortly prior to Barton's departure, 17-year-old guitarist Marc Orrell, mandolin and tin whistle player Ryan Foltz and bagpipe player Robbie "Spicy McHaggis" Mederios, whose nickname was inspired by a McDonald's menu item while the band was on a tour in Scotland, would join the band as their new full-time bagpipe player replacing Joe Delaney, who played on their debut album, but could not tour with or commit full-time to the band. With a new line-up in place, the band spent the rest of 2000 recording their third album.

Sing Loud, Sing Proud! was released on February 9, 2001. The album showcased the band's developing sound and new lineup (Rick Barton was featured on three of the album's tracks) and included collaborations with Pogues frontman Shane MacGowan and Cock Sparrer's Colin McFaull. The album would feature the singles and music videos for "The Spicy McHaggis Jig", "The Gauntlet" and a cover of "The Wild Rover" and also featured the Boston College fight song, "For Boston", which would go on to become one of the band's most performed show openers. The band would embark on one of their biggest tours at the time. In 2002, the band recorded three shows at the Avalon Ballroom during St. Patricks Day weekend, a weekend performance of shows in their hometown of Boston that would become an annual and must see event for the band and their fans. The result of these recording was the band's first live album, Live on St. Patrick's Day from Boston, MA which was released in September 2002.

In 2002, former lead singer, Mike McColgan formed the band Street Dogs. The first incarnation of the line-up would also feature Jeff Erna, the original drummer for the Dropkick Murphys. The band released their debut album, Savin Hill in 2003. The song, "Stand Up" featured guest appearances by Ken Casey and Al Barr. Casey was originally asked to produce the album however he was too busy with the Dropkick Murphys.

Following the Sing Loud, Sing Proud tour in early 2003, McHaggis decided to quit the band and was replaced by Canadian piper Scruffy Wallace. Foltz would depart soon after (though he made an appearance in the music video for "Gonna Be A Blackout Tonight", a song featured on the band's next record). Multi-instrumentalist, Tim Brennan was recruited to replace Foltz.

On June 10, 2003, the band's fourth album, Blackout, was released. The album included the minor radio hit "Walk Away", as well as the fan favorite song "Fields of Athenry". The band also re-recorded "The Dirty Glass". The song was previously released the prior year on Face to Face vs. Dropkick Murphys with Kay Hanley as a guest vocalist. The re-recorded version featured vocals from Stephanie Dougherty (Deadly Sins). Dougherty became an unofficial member of the band and would also join them on tour working their merchandise table until departing the band in 2009 (although she would return for random performances of the song following her departure). The song "Time To Go" was written about the Boston Bruins, and in November 2003 the band performed the song live at the TD Garden during intermission at a Bruins game. The song was also included on the soundtracks for the video games Tony Hawk's Underground and NHL 2005. Blackout also included a special bonus DVD with the music video for "Gonna Be A Blackout Tonight" along with two live clips filmed during the 2002 St. Patrick Day shows. It also featured the trailer for the band's then untitled upcoming DVD which would eventually be titled On the Road With the Dropkick Murphys and released in March 2004. The tour to support the album featured the band appearing on the 2003 Warped Tour. Tim Brennan was added to the lineup to play accordion making the Dropkick Murphys now a seven-piece band however shortly following the Warped Tour, Ryan Foltz, who was now basically a touring member as he didn't appear on the Blackout album, would quit the band.

For the 2004 baseball season the band released a re-working of a century-old Boston Red Sox fan anthem, "Tessie". "Tessie" was used in the major motion picture Fever Pitch and was included on the EA Sports video game MVP Baseball 2005 soundtrack.

The band was invited to the Fever Pitch premiere of the movie which was held at Fenway Park where the video was also shot. The song continues to be played at Red Sox games along with Dirty Water after games the team wins. In 2005, Dropkick Murphys released Singles Collection Volume 2, featuring covers, B-sides, and other material that didn't make it onto previous albums, and the band contributed a recording of "We Got the Power" to Rock Against Bush, Vol. 2, an outtake from the Blackout album.

Their fifth studio album and final album for Hellcat Records, The Warrior's Code, was released on June 21, 2005, and made its debut at number 49 on the album charts, which at the time was the highest debut for a Dropkick Murphys album. The album features the singles "Sunshine Highway" and "The Warrior's Code" as well as the bonus track "Tessie".

The Warrior's Code also featured a re-recorded version of "I'm Shipping Up to Boston", a song originally recorded for the band's "Fields of Athenry" single. The song featured lyrics from a Woody Guthrie poem the band found in his archives. The song was featured in the 2006 Academy Award-winning film The Departed, Martin Scorsese's adaptation of the Hong Kong crime thriller Infernal Affairs. Two videos, one with and one without footage from The Departed, were made due to overwhelming response to the song, which became one of the band's biggest hits to date and helped introduce Dropkick Murphys to an even bigger mainstream audience thanks to the film and soundtrack. The song was also used in The Simpsons episode "The Debarted". "I'm Shipping Up to Boston" became the walk-up song of Red Sox closer Jonathan Papelbon, who danced an Irish jig to the song several times throughout the 2007 Boston Red Sox Championship season. During the team's victory parade, Papelbon did the jig while the Murphys played the song on the same float. In 2012 the band said that since Papelbon signed with the Philadelphia Phillies, he could no longer use the song, as it was a "Boston song". They hoped the new Red Sox closer Andrew Bailey would use it, but both Bailey and his replacement, Koji Uehara, used different songs. Currently Washington Nationals' second baseman Daniel Murphy uses the song as he walks to the plate.

Independent success: 2007–present

In 2007, the band released The Meanest of Times on their own label, Born & Bred Records. The Meanest of Times debuted at No. 20 in the U.S., their highest chart debut to date. The first single, "The State of Massachusetts", became an instant hit and was used as the opening theme to the MTV show Nitro Circus; it reached No. 83 on the Rolling Stone Top 100 songs of 2007.

Guitarist Marc Orrell announced in January 2008 that he was leaving the band after eight years. Orrell said of his departure "I'm very grateful for everything playing with DKM has brought me and I'm sad to be going but I feel like the time has come for me to try working on different styles of music and some of my own projects, I'm ready to spread my wings as they say." Tim Brennan replaced Orrell as a full-time guitarist while multi-instrumentalist Jeff DaRosa was introduced as a new member of the band. The re-configured line-up continued to tour into 2008, including a number of dates that July with the Mighty Mighty Bosstones. On July 10, 2008, the band performed at LeLacheur Park in Lowell, Massachusetts, where they announced that the show was being recorded and released as their next live album. Their show in Pawtucket, Rhode Island saw a sellout crowd of 10,060 which according to the band was their largest ever.

On April 22, 2009, the Dropkick Murphys joined Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band on stage in Boston for his Working on a Dream Tour, playing "Glory Days" and "American Land". During the show, guitarist Tim Brennan proposed to his girlfriend Diana onstage, which was followed by a performance of the Springsteen song "So Young And in Love". The following month the band opened for Aerosmith at the Comcast Center in Mansfield, Massachusetts, in a "Hometown Heroes" concert; they later joined Aerosmith onstage to perform "Dirty Water".

On January 1, 2010, the band gave a performance of "I'm Shipping Up to Boston"  before the Boston Bruins–Philadelphia Flyers NHL Winter Classic, held at Boston's Fenway Park. Two months later on March 16, 2010, the band released their second live album, Live on Lansdowne, Boston MA. The album also featured the band's first full-length live DVD. The album made its debut at No. 25 in the U.S. charts, making it their second-highest-charting album at the time. Ken Casey gave an interview that same month to alt porn website Burning Angel announcing that the band would be hitting the studio in the summer or early fall of 2010 to record their next album.

In December 2010, "The Warrior's Code", the title track from the 2005 album of the same name, was briefly featured in the Academy Award-nominated film The Fighter. The film stars Mark Wahlberg, Christian Bale, and Amy Adams and tells the story of Micky Ward, a boxer from Lowell, Massachusetts, who also appears on the cover of The Warrior's Code and is the subject of the song. He became good friends with the band. "The Warrior's Code" was also featured in the trailer for the comedy Your Highness. The following year, "Barroom Hero" was featured in the Academy Award-nominated documentary Restrepo, making it the band's third song to be featured in an Oscar-nominated film. "

The band released their seventh studio album, Going Out in Style, on March 1, 2011. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 – the highest position ever for a Dropkick Murphys album – and sold 43,259 copies in the U.S. in its first week. The album was produced by Ted Hutt, and features guest appearances by Bruce Springsteen, Fat Mike, Chris Cheney, and Lenny Clarke. The album's title track was released as the first single and the music video. A few weeks after the album's release, the band released the music video for the album's second single, "Memorial Day".

An extensive tour followed the release of Going Out in Style which included the Shamrock-N-Roll Festival in September 2011. The opening bands on that tour included Chuck Ragan, the Mahones, the Parkington Sisters, various local acts and boxer Mickey Ward giving boxing demonstrations. The co-headlining act on the nine-date tour was Mike McColgan's Street Dogs. This was the first time the two bands would tour together other than appearances on festival lineups such as the Warped Tour. McColgan joined his former band onstage for the first time in thirteen years for performances of such songs as "Barroom Hero" and "Far Way Coast" from Do or Die.

The band wrote their eighth studio album following their 2012 St. Patrick's Day tour, and recording began in April of 2022. The band released Going Out in Style: Fenway Park Bonus Edition on March 13, 2012. The release includes the full 2011 studio album along with an eighteen-track live album recorded at Fenway Park in 2011. The limited edition vinyl version contained two bonus live songs not on the CD.

On March 18, 2012, the band performed a very intimate show at Brighton Music Hall in the Allston section of Boston before a crowd of only 330. The show was 18 and over and special wristbands were sold at various locations in the area. The band performed 37 songs including the entire Do or Die album along with many older songs that hadn't been performed in several years. On March 20, 2012, the band released "Sunday Hardcore Matinee", the third single from Going Out in Style, as a limited-edition vinyl seven-inch of only 1,000 copies. The record's B-side is a live version of "Broken Hymns", which was not included on the Fenway Park live album.

At Download Festival in June of 2012, the band announced they had finished their eighth studio album. During the band's summer 2012 dates, they had begun playing three new songs titled "Shark Attack", "Rose Tattoo" and "Road Rise". During their performance on July 1, 2012, Ken said that the new album would be out around the end of 2012. On August 24, 2012, the band revealed on Facebook that their eighth studio album was complete and the title and artwork would be revealed the following week.

On August 31, 2012, it was announced via Dropkick Murphys' social network pages that the new album would be entitled Signed and Sealed in Blood and would be released on January 8, 2013. The album's title comes from the lyrics from the first single, "Rose Tattoo", which was released as a music video on November 7, 2012. "The Season's Upon Us" was released as the album's second single on December 18, 2012, and became one of the band's highest-charting singles. The album made its debut at number 9 on the charts giving the band their second straight top ten charting album and second highest-charting album to date. "The Boys Are Back" was released as the album's third single in January 2013. The album's fourth and final single, "Out of our Heads", was also used as the opening theme song for Boston's Finest, TNT's 2013 reality show about the Boston Police Department while "Prisoner's Song" was featured in commercials for Captain Morgan. A tour followed the album's release which included many television appearances to promote the album. The band performed their annual St. Patrick's Day tour in 2013, which culminated in the band performing at their largest headlining show to date, held in the U.S. at TD Garden in Boston.

Former founding Dropkick Murphys members Mike McColgan and Rick Barton formed the group FM359 in early 2013; this was the first time McColgan and Barton had worked together in over fifteen years since McColgan quit the Dropkick Murphys in 1998. Their debut album, Truth, Love and Liberty, was released in January 2014.

The band kicked off the Celtic Invasion Tour in March 2015, which ended with five shows at the House of Blues in Boston for their annual St. Patrick Day performances. In October 2014, the band gave a special nine-song performance aboard the USS Constitution during its final voyage of 2014 and in honor of the historic ship's 217th birthday.

Following the band's performance on November 16, 2014, in San Antonio, Texas, the band was headed to Tulsa, Oklahoma, for their next performance. They also made a stop in Dallas, Texas, to take Al Barr to the airport so he could fly home to attend the funeral of a close friend. Just north of Austin, Texas, the band's tour bus was involved in a fatal accident when a pedestrian suddenly ran onto the highway in front of the bus, in what is believed by police to be a suicide. Ken Casey stated that "the band is pretty shaken up and don't want to talk about the situation, especially since they don't even know if the family has been notified yet". The band's bus was badly damaged and their driver was too upset over the tragedy, leading the band to cancel their Tulsa performance. The two acts scheduled to open for the band gave a free show for the fans in Tulsa at a different venue.

In 2015, Ken Casey started Murphys Boxing promotion and served as a corner man for boxers such as Danny O'Connor (once ranked one of the top 15 boxers in the world) and Spike O'Sullivan.

On June 22, 2015, Josh "Scruffy" Wallace left the band after twelve years, with the band stating via Facebook stating "We wish Josh and his family all the best going forward and thank him for his time with us." Wallace would go on join the Mahones in early 2016. Lee Forshner replaced Wallace as the band's touring and recording bagpipe player although he never became an official member of the band.

The band's annual St. Patrick's Day tour in 2016 marked the band's 20th anniversary. On this tour the Dropkick Murphys revealed plans to record their next album in May 2016. They also premiered two new songs called "The Ghosts of Rock'n'Roll" and "Sandlot".

After announcing its release in October and November 2016, the band released their ninth studio album 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory on January 6, 2017. The album was preceded by the singles "Blood", "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Paying My Way". The album's release was followed by promotional dates and a tour that concluded in March 2017 with the band's annual St. Patrick's Day shows in Boston. A more extensive world-tour followed which included the "From Boston to Berkeley Tour" with Rancid from late July to late August 2017 in North America in which both bands co-headlined and shared the stage at the end of the show.

In a June 2017 interview, drummer Matt Kelly said that the band hoped to put the finishing touches on the follow-up to 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory following their summer tour with Rancid and they hoped to release the album, their tenth, in 2018.

In 2018, Ken Casey was involved in a motorcycle accident and suffered severe damage to a vertebral disc which required surgery in May 2018 and caused him to lose feeling in his fingers and has forced him to be unable to play the bass. The band was unsure if Casey would be able to begin their 2018 summer tour due to the injury. However, Kevin Rheault, the band's longtime stage tech and who filled in for other band members in the past, filled in on bass and has remained since. During a St. Patrick's Day show at the House of Blues on March 17, 2019, Casey attempted to defend fans that were being attacked by another concert-goer. He was hit in the head by a beer can, causing blood to appear on his face, though he stayed on stage and finished the concert while the involved fan was escorted from the building.

On January 31, 2020, the band released two new songs, "Smash Shit Up" and "The Bonny" on 12" for digital download. Ken Casey said that the band's next album would be out in August or September 2020 and that they will be releasing a series of songs up to that point.

Owing to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, the band postponed their annual St. Patrick's Day shows until September. However, thanks to Cambridge, Massachusetts based software company Pegasystems, they performed a special free live streaming show titled Streaming Up to Boston in Derry, New Hampshire at Studio Lab/Events United, on March 17, 2020, where they also previewed three songs from their upcoming album, including "Mick Jones Nicked My Pudding", "Queen of Suffolk County" and "Burn it to the Ground". "The days leading up to the St. Patrick's Day shows when people are asking you 'Are the shows still happening?!' and you don't know -- we ultimately pulled the plug before it was a mandatory thing because we felt it was the right thing to do." Ken Casey said. Casey also discussed how the rollout of new songs had possibly changed, saying "We started the process with releasing a two song single last month, and there was supposed to be another one in May, and another sometime in the summer, so we'd be teasing part of the album leading up to September -- but who knows if those are gonna happen now at this point, the way things are going. We said, 'While we work all that out, let's just play the goddamn songs.'" Casey also said the band financially would take a hit due to their shows being postponed. "[We have] zero insurance. We don't even carry cancelation insurance on our shows. We've been through this a few times before with festivals that were canceled because of hurricanes or storms. The cost of a band of our size, we'd be paying a third of our guarantee for every show for insurance. You gotta roll the dice at that point.""Streaming Up to Boston" drew an audience of more than 13 million viewers and raised over $60,000 for the Boston Resiliency Fund, a nonprofit that provides essential services to Boston residents—including first responders and critical care providers amid the pandemic.

On March 21, 2020, the band released the digital single "Mick Jones Nicked My Pudding" as an exclusive download through their website. The single features the b-side "James Connolly". Fans could pay what they wanted from $2 up to a $50 option, that featured a video shout-out from the band, or to a $100 option that would feature a "Roast Your Buddy" video by the band.

On May 29, 2020, the band performed a full no-audience concert titled Streaming Outta Fenway at Fenway Park in Boston, which again would be sponsored by Pegasystems. The live-streamed performance featured a special appearance by Bruce Springsteen who appeared remotely and performed two songs with the band. The event marked the first music performance without an in-person audience at a major U.S. arena, stadium or ballpark. During the livestream, viewers were encouraged to donate to three charities: the Boston Resiliency Fund, Feeding America, and Habitat for Humanity, Greater Boston. Prior to the performance, the music video for "Mick Jones Nicked My Pudding" was shown. The two hour show attracted over 9 million viewers and raised over $700,000 (with Pegasystems donating the first $151,000).

On June 6, 2020, it was announced that the band reached a six-figure deal with Pegasystems, the software company who sponsored the band's two livestreaming shows. Pegasystems agreed to financially back all of the band's in-person shows in Boston as well as a St. Patrick's Day livestream for the next three years. The band's manager Jeff Castelaz said the six-figure partnership includes an up-front payment to support the band's 10-person road crew, to help make up for the sudden loss of the crew's income with the end of live touring. Ken Casey said the only revenue for the band came from online merchandise sales during the two live streaming shows and that the future remains uncertain for rock bands and that he doesn't necessarily see the financial sense in touring for crowds at venues that can only be half full, after they finally do reopen."

On August 21, 2020, part of the band gave an acoustic performance of "Tommy Gun" by The Clash during an online livestream 68th birthday tribute to Joe Strummer called A Song for Joe: Celebrating the Life of Joe Strummer. On August 22, 2020, the band performed a special virtual live streaming acoustic set on Facebook in support of Joe Kennedy III and his run for U.S. Senate.

The band performed a free live stream concert online, for the second year in a row, due to due to COVID-19 restrictions. St. Patrick's Day Live Stream 2021...Still Locked Down took place on March 17, 2021. Instead of charging a fee to view the performance, the band is encouraged fans to donate to help out paying their crew and other expenses.

On February 23, 2021, the band released the single, "Middle Finger" and announced that their tenth album, Turn Up That Dial, would be released on April 30, 2021. The album's fifth single, "Queen of Suffolk County" was released on March 31, 2021, with a music video to be released on April 15, 2021. On May 1, 2021, the band held a record release party livestream where they performed Turn Up That Dial in its entirety along with other songs from previous albums. The band toured in support of the album beginning with their Boston to Berkeley II North America co-headline tour with Rancid from August to October 2021,
followed by a European tour from January to February 2022.

In February 2022 it was announced that Al Barr was forced to drop off of the band's 2022 St. Patrick's Day Tour and their 2022 summer tour in Europe to take care of his ailing mother who has Lewy Body Dementia. Jesse Ahern, Mikey Rivkees of The Rumjacks, and Jen Razavi of The Bombpops assisted on vocals for certain songs in place of Barr with Ken Casey taking over the rest of Barr's lead vocals. That same month, Campbell Webster joined the band as their touring bagpipe player. His first recording with the band was a cover of "We Shall Overcome".

The band released their eleventh album, This Machine Still Kills Fascists, on September 30, 2022. The album is the band's first since their 1998 debut album Do or Die to not feature singer Al Barr, who took a hiatus from the band dealing with his ailing mother. The album is the band's first fully acoustic album and features ten songs with unused lyrics written by Woody Guthrie. The album was preceded by the single "Two 6's Upside Down" on July 6 and the band embarked on an acoustic theater tour in the fall of 2022 to support the album. The band released their twelfth album, Okemah Rising, on May 12, 2023. The album was recorded during the same sessions for This Machine Still Kills Facists and similarly also features songs using unused lyrics written by Woody Guthrie. The band once again hit the road to support the album.  Barr again did not participate in the recording of the album or its subsequent tour. The album was preceded by the singles "I Know How it Feels" on March 1, 2023, and "Gotta Get to Peekskill" (featuring Violent Femmes) on March 30, 2023.

Musical style and influences
The band's early influences were punk bands like Greenland Whalefishers, Swingin' Utters, the Ramones, the Clash, and Sex Pistols, as well as the Pogues and Irish bands such as Stiff Little Fingers and the Dubliners.

When they wrote their first song, Barroom Hero, they were surprised to hear how much the vocal melody sounded like those from old Irish music they heard as children, something the band-members at one time tried to reject. "It dawned on us that Irish music was a bigger influence on all of us than we'd realized," said Ken Casey. "Growing up in Boston, every time you went to a wedding or a wake or your grandparents' house, you heard that music. I went through a phase of hating it just because it's what my (folks) listened to."

While frequently referred to as a Celtic punk band, some of their earlier material has also been classified under other punk rock subgenres like Oi!, street punk and hardcore punk.

They frequently cite AC/DC as an influence on their formula of maintaining a specific style, with Casey once saying "I think our goal is to be the AC/DC of Celtic punk rock. The worst thing we can do to the local fans who have stuck with us is to all of a sudden try to be Fall Out Boy with bagpipes." Al Barr commented "We've always said we're like the Ramones or AC/DC with what we do; if it ain't broke, don't fix it. But at the same time, we have to keep challenging ourselves. And if we find that tunes we're putting together for a record are boring us, we're not going to record them."

Political causes and charity work

Union support
The Dropkick Murphys have been known for supporting working class and union causes, and have a strong relationship with the AFL–CIO. All of the shirts sold by the band are 100% union made in the United States to show their support for American laborers.

The band shot a promotional music video in 2008 for their song "Tomorrow's Industry", which supported the United Healthcare Workers East and hospitals of Massachusetts who were fighting for free and fair union elections so their voice could be heard in the workplace and would provide a better future for their families and communities.

On February 22, 2011, in support of Wisconsin workers' rights, the band released their song "Take 'Em Down" from the album Going Out in Style on their website, along with creating a limited edition "Take 'Em Down" T-shirt which was to benefit the Workers' Rights Emergency Response Fund. Two days later on the MSNBC news show The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell, "Take 'Em Down" was used as an intro song to a news story on the Wisconsin workers protest.

On Saturday August 13, 2011, Dropkick Murphys issued a statement of solidarity with the 45,000 Communications Workers of America (CWA) and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) on strike from Verizon Communications, Inc.

The band shot a music video in collaboration with the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers to show their support for the many strikes occurring across the United Kingdom since May 2022, on February 14, 2023.

Politics
The band has said that they are all Democrats, and during the 2004 United States presidential election were part of Punkvoter, a political activist group dedicated to defeating George W. Bush. That year they also appeared on the Rock Against Bush, Vol. 2 compilation contributing the song "We Got the Power".

In November 2014, an 18-year-old was arrested for assaulting two Lancaster, Pennsylvania police officers (one being a female, who needed to be hospitalized). During the assault the teen screamed out "Dropkick Murphys". A few days following the incident, Ken Casey called the police chief to offer his condolences and apologized for the fan's actions. Casey also sent the officers a UPS package full of shirts, hats and other band garb along with tickets to their show. When asked if the officers would wear the band's gear the police chief joked "probably to court". The police chief wasn't familiar with the band prior to the incident but his officers, including the two assaulted, were. The teen was charged with two counts of felony aggravated assault and misdemeanor counts of resisting arrest and possessing drug paraphernalia. He was released on $40,000 bail.

In January 2015, Republican governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker used the band's song "I'm Shipping Up to Boston" when he took to the stage at the Iowa Freedom Summit. The band, who strongly opposes the political views of Walker, posted on their Twitter page "please stop using our music in any way...we literally hate you !!! Love, Dropkick Murphys". This wasn't the first time the song was used by a Republican politician. Wisconsin State Rep and Speaker of the State Assembly Jeff Fitzgerald used the song to which the band replied: "The stupidity and irony of this is laughable. A Wisconsin Republican U.S. Senate candidate and crony of anti-Union Governor Scott Walker using a Dropkick Murphys song as an intro is like a white supremacist coming out to gangsta rap! Fitzgerald: if you and your staff can't even figure out your music you might wanna give up on the politics!!!!! We stand beside our Union and Labor brothers and sisters and their families in Wisconsin and all over the U.S!" The band's comments towards Walker gained national media exposure with those in the left-wing media defending the band and those in the right- wing media condemning the band for their comments. The band released a full statement on the issue saying: "The bottom line is: when a politician uses our music to walk out to, for better or worse, it brands us with that person. If one of our favorite teams' rivals, such as the Montreal Canadiens, used a Dropkick Murphys song when they took the ice, we'd be equally displeased. We feel that we have the right to ask to not be associated with certain events or people – we don't think that's too much to ask. This isn't a legal issue to us—we're not looking to sue someone. Yes, our words were a little harsh, but it was borne out of frustration with the past history of Wisconsin Republicans, such as Jeff Fitzgerald, using our music. The band has stood for and aligned itself with certain principles since its inception in 1996, so people who react as though we're jumping on some sort of political bandwagon simply don't know the history of the band. We are what we are, we believe what we believe—and for the most part, try to leave our politics to our lyrics."

Opiate addiction plays a big role on the band's ninth album 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory. The band wanted to bring more attention to this epidemic in America and the lives being lost to drugs. Songs like "Paying My Way" and especially "You'll Never Walk Alone" were recorded in response. "As you may know, opiate overdoses are an epidemic in America now particularly in this area. I've been to thirty wakes in two years, three this week, one being my cousin, Al's lost a brother in law. It's hit home close to us. I was leaving one of the wakes and this song ("You'll Never Walk Alone") came on and as I was listening to the lyrics it summed up exactly how I was feeling. Sad but knowing there is hope. You never have to be alone. I hope you like our version" Casey said. The album also featured "4-15-13", a tribute to the lives lost and affected by the Boston Marathon bombing.

In January 2017, guitarist Tim Brennan was asked about the band's longtime support for unions and workers' rights and the possible effect President Donald Trump will have. "Who fucking knows what's going to become of the country when the Trump administration is in full swing and everything. All we can do is continue to do what we do. ... But that's something that's always been close to the heart of the band and we always will continue to support. So if something comes up where we need to pay specific attention to that, we're gonna do it." Brennan said. Brennan was also asked about Donald Trump and his ties to White Nationalism, if there was concern of that being brought into their shows such as an incident at one of the band's shows involving a guy that came onstage and was Nazi saluting, resulting in Ken Casey tackling him. Brennan said "You know, I don't think we are. We're certainly not thinking about it at the moment. Hopefully that's not something that ends up happening because of the election or anything like that. But I think we've tried to make it fairly clear over the last 20 years that while we love everyone coming to our shows and we love our fans, people like that are not welcome at our shows. Period."

In January 2017 drummer Matt Kelly discussed the 2016 presidential election and the band's political views of Donald Trump saying, "I was opposed to both Mr. Trump and Mrs. Clinton and voted for neither of them; I voted for Gary Johnson. If the Democrats continued to hold executive office, there'd be no outcry against the countless drone strikes, missile strikes, or sending troops to fight endless wars in the Middle East. So far, the people so critical of G.W. Bush foolish warmongering turn a blind eye to the horrors perpetrated under Mr. Obama's watch". Kelly however remained optimistic that Donald Trump could be a good president saying "With Trump, I honestly don't know. I certainly don't think he has the moral fibre to be POTUS, but time will tell. I hope and pray that he is smarter than he's letting on! He seems to be the "bull in the china shop" type. If he brings more middle-class jobs to America and tries to rid us of the draconian National Defense Authorization Act, that would be a big thumbs-up from me but I highly doubt he'll even touch that but then again, what does he have to lose? He's not a career politician! Time will tell." Al Barr in a 2017 interview discussed his views on the 2016 election and the band's political stance by saying "I was a Bernie Sanders guy, and when (Donald) Trump won, I wasn't surprised at all. I remember early on listening to a non-partisan person say that Bernie would win if he could get a foot forward, and Trump would win if he couldn't. And that's exactly what happened. And I'll say that I don't think we would have been any better off with a Hillary Clinton presidency. I think that she is an evil woman. I don't think she had the people's best interest at heart. My heart was broken early on when the DNC (Democratic National Committee) stole the election from him (Sanders), which was proven. This is coming from a former Democrat. I'm an Independent as a result of this election. I feel like I expected more from the party I was once a part of. I really don't look at myself as an activist. I think that what we do as a band isn't that. You're coming to see Dropkick Murphys, not get political speeches and get moved. Our music speaks for itself and always has. You know that we're pro-union, we're anti-racism, we're backing the working man. When you go to an Anti-Flag or Dead Kennedys show, that's their thing, and you expect that. We stand up for what we feel is right or wrong and always have. We've never been the band that is trying to feed you from the stage with our own personal beliefs. When I go to see band, I want to forget about my troubles and what's going on in the world and have a good time.

In February 2020, drummer Matt Kelly was asked about President Donald Trump, the current state of America and said "Employment is up, so that's good ... and that's about it ... screw him and his opponents on the other side of the aisle. They're like a bunch of quarrelling children. Embarrassing."

In August 2020, the band announced that they were supporting Joe Kennedy III for U.S. Senate.

In a March 6, 2021 interview with the Boston Herald, Ken Casey discussed the band's tenth album, Turn Up That Dial, and the inspiration behind some of the album's songs. One of the songs, "Chosen Few", takes jabs at former President Donald Trump and his mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Casey said that while he hated Trump, this would be the only song to focus on the former president as he felt Trump dominated the news too much in the four years he was president and he didn't want him to dominate their album.

In an April 29, 2021 interview, Ken Casey was asked how he celebrated Trump's election loss and the impact it had on their 2021 album Turn Up That Dial saying ""I haven't had a drink or drug for thirty years, next Wednesday actually, so it wasn't with alcohol. I celebrated Trump losing by my blood pressure coming down! This could easily have been a "screw you, Donald Trump" record but he's sucked enough life out of me, he's not getting any more! Even before the pandemic, the idea behind this album was 'here's to better times.' I have best friends who grew up blue collar Boston Irish, which means Democrat, who've been swindled by this snake oil salesman's lies. People have family members they're not talking to because of this; it's done terrible things to relationships in America. The guy craves attention so my attitude is let's not speak his name. Be wary that this doesn't happen again but at the same time don't talk about him."

On June 24, 2021, Ken Casey, along with music artists Dionne Warwick, Sam Moore and Corey Glover, appeared in Washington, D.C. at the U.S. Capitol alongside congressmen Ted Deutch and Darrell Issa to help introduce the American Music Fairness Act, which would help music performers and recorded-music copyright owners to be paid for airplay of their songs on AM/FM radio stations. The United States currently is the only major country in the world where radio pays no royalties to the performer or copyright owner and only to the songwriter of the song. "I'm a punk rocker! We don't even want to be played on the radio, but I'm here in support of my fellow musicians. When other people are making millions and billions, well, I think the trickle down should be a little more equitable," Casey said.

On March 23, 2022, the band got into a social media feud on Twitter with the local Massachusetts Neo-Nazi group NSC-131, who used their song "The Boys Are Back" in a promotional video. "F***** Losers. Stop using our song for your little dress up party video. We will SMASH you" the band's social media post read. These interactions came in the midst of the local Neo-Nazi group attending and attempting to take over a local St. Patrick's Day parade in Boston. This was met with a protest rally on March 26, 2022, being held against the hate group though the band had no involvement in the protest rally.

In February 2023, the band released a music video for the song "All You Tories" which was a re-working of the Woody Guthrie song "All You Fonies (Bound to Lose)" that the band covered on their 2022 album This Machine Still Kills Fascists. "In support of all our Union friends in the UK fighting the good fight against the elitist Tory political party we made this music video in association with the RMT (The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers). On our recent UK shows we changed the words to the song "All You Fonies (Bound To Lose)" to "All You Tories" in support of the striking railroad and transit workers, nurses, fire fighters, teachers, postal workers, ambulance staff and health workers. Yours in Solidarity, Dropkick Murphys," the band said in a statement that was released with the video.

Support for veterans and deceased soldiers
In 2005, the band released a two-song CD single for the family of Andrew K. Farrar, Jr., a sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps who was killed on January 28, 2005, in Al Anbar, Iraq, during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Farrar, who was a big fan of the Murphys, made a request to his family that if he did not survive his tour of duty, he wanted "The Fields of Athenry" to be played at his funeral. The single features a slower version of "The Fields of Athenry" that was originally recorded and placed in Farrar's casket, although the band decided to release the alternate version. The disc also features the track "Last Letter Home", which was written about Farrar and was featured on the Murphys' 2005 album The Warrior's Code. All of the proceeds from the $10 single go to the Sgt. Andrew Farrar Memorial Fund and can be purchased through the band's website or at one of their shows.

On October 19, 2014, the band played a special surprise performance at the memorial ceremony for Maj. Michael Donahue, who was from Whitman, Massachusetts, and was killed during combat in Afghanistan the previous month. Donahue was a huge fan of the band and they closed out the ceremony which included a performance of his favorite song, "The Green Fields of France".

Charity
In 2009, Ken Casey founded the charity organization, the Claddagh Fund which supports community-based non-profits with a focus on children and veterans organizations and programs that support alcohol and drug rehabilitation in cities across the country and around the world. In 2011, the band donated $1 from every ticket sold on their nine date Sham Rock-N-Roll Festival to the Claddagh Fund. $1 from every ticket sold at the show of September 11 in Altamont, New York, on that tour was donated to various 9/11 charities.

Following the aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing, the Dropkick Murphys created a special "For Boston" T-shirt they sold through their website with all donations going to the victims. The donations reached $65,000 in less than 15 hours and totaled over $100,000. The band also will donate all money from sales from a special three song charity EP titled Rose Tattoo: For Boston Charity EP through iTunes featuring a re-recorded version of their song, "Rose Tattoo" with guest vocals by Bruce Springsteen. Springsteen contacted the band following the tragic events asking if there was anything he could do to help. The band also played benefit shows where all money was donated to the victims including the four who lost their lives.

In December 2015, the band announced they were teaming up with the Pablove Foundation, a group which invests in underfunded, cutting-edge pediatric cancer research, inspires cancer families through education, and improves the lives of children living with cancer through the arts. The band released an exclusive T-shirt which was available for only four days with 100% of the proceeds donated to the Pablove Foundation.

In January 2018, the band teamed up with Devin McCourty of the New England Patriots on a raffle raising money for the Dropkick Murphys' Claddagh Fund and McCourty's Embrace the Kids Foundation. The grand prize includes a trip and tickets to Super Bowl LII.

In November 2019, the band performed at a charity event for Worcester, MA firefighter Lt. Jason Menard, who lost his life after rescuing his crew from a house fire in the Central Massachusetts city. The band also sold a benefit tee shirt as a fundraiser for his family.

On May 20, 2016, the Dropkick Murphys received the "Robert F. Kennedy Children's Action Corps' Embracing the Legacy Award" for years of charity work with various organizations including work with children and military veteran. The award, "which parallels Robert F. Kennedy's quest for social justice on behalf of society's most vulnerable people" was presented to the band at the Kennedy Library.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Dropkick Murphys teamed up with the O'Hamsters, a Ukrainian Celtic punk band, to release a Ukrainian version of We Shall Overcome, with the O'Hamsters singing lead vocals, and the Dropkick Murphys playing the music and performing backup vocals. The video featured artwork from various Ukrainian artists and links to various charities supporting the war effort.

Band members

Current members
 Ken Casey – co-lead vocals , bass , backing vocals
 Matt Kelly – drums, bodhrán, backing vocals
 Al Barr – co-lead vocals
 James Lynch – rhythm guitar, backing vocals , lead guitar
 Tim Brennan – lead guitar, accordion , mandolin, bouzouki, banjo, piano, keyboards, backing vocals
 Jeff DaRosa – banjo, mandolin, bouzouki, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano, harmonica, tin whistle, backing vocals

Current touring musicians
 Kevin Rheault – lead guitar , bass
 Campbell Webster – bagpipes, tin whistle

Former members
 Jeff Erna – drums
 Mike McColgan – lead vocals
 Rick Barton – guitar
 Spicy McHaggis  – bagpipes
 Ryan Foltz – mandolin, tin whistle
 Marc Orrell – lead guitar, accordion, piano
 Scruffy Wallace – bagpipes, tin whistle
 Lee Forshner – bagpipes

Former touring musicians
 Joe Delaney – bagpipes
 Stephanie Dougherty – vocals

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
 Do or Die (1998)
 The Gang's All Here (1999)
 Sing Loud, Sing Proud! (2001)
 Blackout (2003)
 The Warrior's Code (2005)
 The Meanest of Times (2007)
 Going Out in Style (2011)
 Signed and Sealed in Blood (2013)
 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory (2017)
 Turn Up That Dial (2021)
 This Machine Still Kills Fascists (2022)
 Okemah Rising (2023)

References

Further reading
 Herwick, Edgar B., III, "Interview with Al Barr", Front Row Boston, transcript, WGBH, aired July 5, 2014.

External links

1996 establishments in Massachusetts
Celtic punk groups
Hellcat Records artists
Irish-American culture in Massachusetts
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Boston
Punk rock groups from Massachusetts
American punk rock groups
Let Them Eat Vinyl artists

Dropkick Murphys


Tricolor or tricolour (meaning "three colours") is, in most cases, a flag or banner that has three colours. Tricolour is a specific type of a flag with three stripes. The stripes can be horizontal (across), vertical (up and down) or diagonal (neither up and down nor across).

Flags
Color

Tricolour


The law of included fragments is a method of relative dating in geology. Essentially, this law states that clasts in a rock are older than the rock itself.  One example of this is a xenolith, which is a fragment of country rock that fell into passing magma as a result of stoping. Another example is a derived fossil, which is a fossil that has been eroded from an older bed and redeposited into a younger one.

This is a restatement of Charles Lyell's original principle of inclusions and components from his 1830 to 1833 multi-volume Principles of Geology, which states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions (or clasts) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them. For example, in sedimentary rocks, it is common for gravel from an older formation to be ripped up and included in a newer layer. A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs when xenoliths are found. These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths are older than the rock which contains them.

Notes

Petrology
Stratigraphy

Law of included fragments


In psychology, frustration is a common emotional way to act when things go wrong. It is a feeling of being angry and sad when something one wants or wishes for does not happen.

In physics, frustration (or geometrical frustration) is a property of water molecules in ice when a freezing crystal is formed. The presence of random or conflicting atoms stop the ice from being completely frozen. It is called "water ice".

Psychology
Physics

Frustration


Peter Bichsel (born 24 March 1935) is a popular Swiss writer and journalist representing modern German literature. He was a member of the Gruppe Olten.

Bichsel was born 1935 in Lucerne, Switzerland, the son of manual labourers. Shortly after he was born, the Bichsels moved to Olten, also in Switzerland. After finishing school, he became an elementary school teacher, a job which he held until 1968. From 1974 to 1981 he was the personal advisor and speech writer of Willy Ritschard, a member of the Swiss Federal Council. Between 1972 and 1989 he made his mark as a "writer in residence" and a guest lecturer at American universities. Bichsel has lived on the outskirts of Solothurn for several decades.

He started publishing short lyric works in newspapers. In 1960, he got his first success in prose as a private printer. In the winter of 1963-1964 he took part in writing course in prose taught by Walter Höllerer.

One of his first and most well-known works is And Really Frau Blum Would Very Much Like to Meet the Milkman. Just as successful, Children's Stories, intended for adults, is written in the form of droll tales for children. Both books were translated from the German by English poet Michael Hamburger. A theme of Bichsel's works for younger readers is the stubborn desire of children to take words literally and wreak havoc on the world of communicated ideas. In the early 1970s and 1980s, Bichsel's journalistic work pushed his literary work mainly into the background. Only Der Busant (1985) and Warten in Baden-Baden appeared again with the Bichsel style that was so familiar to German readers. Peter Bichsel gave up being a professional teacher early in his lifetime, yet he has continued to teach his readers that the drudgery and banality of life is of our own making. Conversely, we have every opportunity to prevent our lives from being boring. This theme has helped make Peter Bichsel a symbol of German literary work today.

In 1981, he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival.

Peter Bichsel's estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.

Awards

1965 Prize of "Group 47"
1970 Deutscher Jugendbuchpreis
1981/82 Stadtschreiber von Bergen
1996 Mainzer Stadtschreiber
1999 Gottfried-Keller-Preis
2000  Prix Européen de l'Essai Charles Veillon
2000 Kassel Literary Prize
2004 Honorary Doctor of Theology, University of Basel
2005 Work grant by Pro Helvetia
2011 Solothurner Literaturpreis
2012 Grosser Schillerpreis

Short story collections
Versuche über Gino (1960)
Eigentlich möchte Frau Blum den Milchmann kennenlernen (1964)
And really Frau Blum would very much like to meet the milkman. Translated by Michael Hamburger. London, Calder & Boyars (1968)
Die Jahreszeiten (1967)
Kindergeschichten (1969)
Des Schweizers Schweiz (1969)
Inhaltsangabe der Langeweile (Hörspiel, 1971)
Geschichten zur falschen Zeit (Kolumnen, 1979)
Der Leser (1982)
Schulmeistereien (1985)
Der Busant (récits, 1985)
Irgendwo anderswo (1986)
Möchten Sie Mozart gewesen sein ? (1990)
Im Gegenteil  (1990)
Zur Stadt Paris(1993)
To the city of Paris. Text German/English. Translated by Michael Kuttner. Kolkata, Tarjama (2007)
Gegen unseren Briefträger konnte man nichts machen.  (1995)
Die Totaldemokraten (1998)
Cherubin Hammer und Cherubin Hammer (1999)
Alles von mir gelernt  (2000)
Eisenbahnfahren (2002)
Doktor Schleyers isabellenfarbige Winterschule (2003)
Das süsse Gift der Buchstaben(2004)
Wo wir wohnen (2004)
Cherubin Hammer und Cherubin Hammer (2005)
Kolumnen, Kolumnen (2005)

Further readingPeter Bichsel. in: World authors, 1975-1980. Ed. Vineta Colby. New York: Wilson, 1985.
 Rolf Jucker (ed.), Peter Bichsel. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996.

 References

External links
 Literary estate of Peter Bichsel in the archive database HelveticArchives of the Swiss National Library.
 Publications by and about Peter Bichsel in the catalogue Helveticat of the Swiss National Library
 Peter Bichsel at the Encyclopædia Britannica''.

1935 births
Living people
20th-century Swiss writers
Swiss male short story writers
Swiss short story writers
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin

Peter Bichsel


Sydney Malcolm Harris (June 23, 1917 – January 17, 2009), was a Canadian jurist and civil liberties advocate who worked as a lawyer, both for the federal government and then in private practice for over 30 years before being appointed to the Ontario Provincial Court in 1976.

Early life and education
He was the grandson of Jewish immigrants who immigrated to Canada from the Russian Empire in the 1880s. His father owned a dressmaking business and raised Sydney and his sister in their Yorkville Avenue home in Toronto. Harris won a scholarship as a student of Jarvis Collegiate Institute and attended the University of Toronto before enrolling in Osgoode Hall Law School in 1939.

Early career
During World War II, Harris tried to enlist but was rejected due to poor eyesight. Instead, he went to Ottawa and became a lawyer for the government. Following the war, he returned to Toronto to practice for private law firms before opening his own practice in 1950. As a lawyer and activist he lobbied for the adoption of the Ontario Human Rights Code in 1962, as well as amendments to the Criminal Code in the 1960s against hate speech. He also lobbied against capital punishment and public funding for religious schools saying "I see no justification for the use of my tax money to teach Protestantism to Protestant
children than I would see for the use of Anglican or Roman Catholic tax money to teach Judaism to Jewish children." Harris was a supporter of and fundraiser for the US civil rights movement and met with Martin Luther King Jr. three times in 1963.

Ontario Provincial Court career
As a judge, Harris was nicknamed Syd Vicious for his heavy sentences. "If there was a reasonable doubt in a case, Syd would find it. But if he found you guilty, the penalties tended to be higher than most judges," said Toronto lawyer Clayton Ruby. "It's the way he looked at the world. He wanted to make sure he didn't convict anyone who was innocent but, at the same time, he didn't like criminals. He liked justice but not criminals."

Notable rulings include his landmark 1979 acquittal of the gay magazine Body Politic and its publishers, Pink Triangle Press of obscenity, his 1988 decision to imprison NHL player Dino Ciccarelli for his on-ice attack of Toronto Maple Leaf Luke Richardson and his 1983 decision to acquit furrier Paul Magder for violating the law against Sunday shopping by opening his store.

Later years
He retired from the criminal court in 1992, but later became a Small Claims Court judge and also served in his later years as a member of the Ontario Assessment Review Board, referee for the Law Society of Upper Canada and an appointee of the Council for the Association of Ontario Land Surveyors.

Personal life
He was a prominent opponent of the neo-Nazi movement in the 1960s. At a time when the Jewish community was reticent to publicly oppose anti-Semites, he stood before a congregation of 1,500 at a Toronto's Beth Tzedec Synagogue and read out the names and addresses of three prominent Toronto neo-Nazis and their supporters.

He was active in the Jewish community and served as president of the Canadian Council of Reform Congregations in the 1960s, and as national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress from 1974 to 1977.

References

Judges in Ontario
Lawyers in Ontario
University of Toronto alumni
Osgoode Hall Law School alumni
Canadian Jews
Canadian Jewish Congress
Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Canadian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
1917 births
2009 deaths

Sydney Harris (judge)


Steven Leroy DeBerg (born January 19, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for 18 years.

Early life
DeBerg is an alumnus of Savanna High School in Anaheim, California. He was the starting quarterback, and excelled in the pole vault.

He was the starting quarterback at Fullerton College during the 1972 and 1973 seasons. As a sophomore in 1973, DeBerg led his team to a South Coast Conference title with a 5–0 record. In the postseason, Fullerton defeated San Diego City College 24–0 but lost 29–20 to Los Angeles City College in the state semifinals. DeBerg ended the season with an overall record of 10–1–0, and received Junior College All-American honors.

He transferred to San José State University in 1974, and became the Spartans' starting quarterback in 1976. DeBerg led his team to a Pacific Coast Athletic Association (Big West Conference) title, and was named the PCAA offensive player of the year. He set nine school records, completing 141 of 262 attempts for 2,084 yards, 19 touchdowns, and six interceptions.

In 1993, DeBerg was inducted into the California Community College's Football Coaches Association Hall of Fame. Eight years later, he was inducted into the San Jose State University Ring of Honor and Sports Hall of Fame.

Professional playing career
Although large portions of his professional career were spent as a backup, DeBerg accumulated significant NFL statistics (particularly during the early 1990s, when he was the starting quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs). DeBerg played for the San Francisco 49ers (1978–1980), Denver Broncos (1981–1983), Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1984–1987, 1992, 1993), Kansas City Chiefs (1988–1991), Miami Dolphins (1993), and Atlanta Falcons (1998). He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the tenth round (275th overall) of the 1977 NFL draft, but was waived before the start of the season when he could not displace fellow rookie quarterback Glenn Carano.

DeBerg has been called one of the best play-action pass quarterbacks of all time. Peyton Manning has studied films of DeBerg's play-action technique. He played through injuries; ill with laryngitis, he wore a portable amplifier during regular-season games with San Francisco.

1977–1980: San Francisco 49ers
On September 14, 1977, DeBerg was signed to the San Francisco 49ers' practice squad. The starter in 1978, he was the first quarterback to implement Bill Walsh's West Coast Offense the following year. When Walsh drafted Joe Montana from Notre Dame in the third round of the 1979 NFL draft, DeBerg was relegated to a backup role midway through the 1980 season.

In 1979, his only full season as a starter in San Francisco, DeBerg led the NFL in completions (347) and pass attempts (578). He ranked fifth in the league in passing yards (3,652), throwing 17 touchdowns against 21 interceptions. DeBerg had his first 300-yard passing game in his sixth start against Seattle, completing a season-high 31 of 40 passes for 306 yards with one touchdown and one interception. Later that year, he posted his first 100.0 passer rating as a starter (one of two 49ers' wins all year) against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. DeBerg finished the game with 22 completions in 30 pass attempts (a season-high 73.3-percent completion rate), with one touchdown and no interceptions.

The 49ers improved in 1980, winning six games (four started by DeBerg). He completed 186 of 321 passes for 1,998 yards, with 12 touchdowns and 17 interceptions. DeBerg started the season well, winning his first three starts and twice completing over 70 percent of his pass attempts. Turnovers became an issue, however, as the team began struggling. The low point was a five-interception game in a lopsided loss to Dallas on October 12.

1981–1983: Denver Broncos
DeBerg was traded to the Denver Broncos on August 31, 1981 for a 1983 fourth-round draft pick (#87, Chuck Nelson), rejoining Dan Reeves (who coached him during his short time with the Cowboys). Similar events unfolded several times over the next decade. After being with the 49ers when they drafted Joe Montana in the third round in 1979, DeBerg was with the Broncos when John Elway joined as the result of a trade. Elway was drafted first overall in 1983, but refused to sign with the Baltimore Colts.

During his three seasons in Denver, DeBerg backed up Craig Morton and Elway and appeared in 33 games with 11 starts. He was 4–1 as a starter for the 1983 Broncos, subbing for the rookie Elway and helping to lead the team to the postseason.

1984–1987: Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On April 24, 1984, DeBerg was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for a fourth-round pick (#89, Randy Robbins) and a 1985 conditional pick who ended up being a second-round selection (#36, Richard Byrd). He arrived at the club when Steve Young and Vinny Testaverde (1987) were drafted.

DeBerg was the central starter for the 1984 Buccaneers, who posted one of the league's more productive offensive attacks when he was the starting quarterback. The 1984 Bucs ranked 10th in the league in total offensive yards, and eighth in passing yards. DeBerg appeared in all 16 games, starting 13 and winning five of the team's six victories that year. He passed for 3,554 yards (the second-best of his career), with 308 completions in 509 attempts (both the second-best of his career) and 19 touchdowns against 18 interceptions.

He finished high on the NFL leaderboards for the 1984 season in attempts (fourth), completions (fourth), passing yards (seventh), touchdown passes (ninth) and passing yards per game (eighth). The Bucs earned their first win of the season with DeBerg coming off the bench, a 21–17 victory against Detroit on September 16 in which he completed 18 of 27 passes (66.7 percent) for 195 yards with two touchdowns and no interceptions. It was one of four games that season in which DeBerg's quarterback rating topped 100; the other three were October 7 against Minnesota, October 14 against Detroit, and December 16 against the New York Jets.

DeBerg never passed for fewer than 191 yards in any start that year, and topped the 200-yard mark ten times. His season-high 322 passing yards came on November 25, 1984 in a 34–33 shootout loss to the Los Angeles Rams.

Narrow losses became the norm, as six of the team's eight losses with DeBerg were by seven points or less. Tampa's won-lost record regressed the following year, but DeBerg started 11 games and played in all 16. He ranked 10th in the league in touchdown passes, completing 197 of 370 passes for 2,488 yards with 19 touchdowns and 18 interceptions.

After starting only two games in 1986, DeBerg was again Tampa's leading passer in his final season there in 1987. Appearing in 12 games (with eight starts), he completed 159 of 275 passes for 1,891 yards with 14 touchdowns and seven interceptions—his lowest mark up to this point in a season in which he started at least six games. DeBerg finished eighth in the league in QB rating (85.8), his first season in the year-end top 10 for that category.

He also finished in the league's top 10 in completion rate (57.8 percent), one of six seasons in the year-end top 10 in that category (1979, 1982, 1984, 1987, 1989, 1990). DeBerg made a career-high five touchdown passes in an opening-day win against Atlanta on September 13, 1987, a game in which he completed 24 of 34 pass attempts (a season-high 70.4-percent completion rate) for 333 yards.

1988–1991: Kansas City Chiefs
On March 31, 1988, The Buccaneers traded him to the Kansas City Chiefs for safety Mark Robinson and fourth- (#86, John Bruhin) and eighth-round picks (#198, Anthony Simpson). Although he is remembered as a journeyman quarterback, DeBerg passed for over 34,000 career yards and ranks in the all-time top 20 in attempts, completions, and yards passed. His best years were with the Chiefs, when he led the team to two playoff berths. DeBerg's best year was 1990, when he had a 96.3 quarterback rating and passed for 3,444 yards, 23 touchdowns, and four interceptions (three of which were in one game).

DeBerg appeared in 13 games with 11 starts and passed for 2,935 yards with 16 touchdowns and 16 interceptions in his first season with the Chiefs, completing 224 of 414 passes. He defeated his old team (Denver) on September 18, 1988 in one of his better games of the year, throwing 259 yards and two touchdowns with no interceptions. DeBerg's best game was against the New York Jets on December 4, 1988, when he completed 16 of 25 passes for 267 yards and three touchdowns against one interception for a 38–34 win.

Turnover issues again temporarily cost him his starting job in 1989. DeBerg threw eight interceptions in the team's first three games, including five in one game (against the San Diego Chargers) on September 24. After sitting for two weeks, he briefly returned to the playing field; he then sat for two more weeks before finishing the season by starting the team's final six games. Among DeBerg's highlights was a 338-yard, one-touchdown, two-interception performance against the Pittsburgh Steelers in a 23–17 loss on October 29. He finished the 1989 season with 2,529 yards passing, completing 196 of 324 passes (a 60.5-percent completion rate), with 11 touchdowns against 16 interceptions.

The 1990 season was DeBerg's best. His 3,444 yards were his third-best single-season career total, and seventh in the league. DeBerg's 96.3 passer rating was a career high (and third in the league), and he finished in the top 10 for yards per attempt (7.8, fourth in the league and his second straight season in the category's top five). He was eighth in the league in passing yards per game and fifth in the league in yards per completion; his previous best was ninth in 1988. DeBerg's 23 touchdown passes ranked sixth, one of his four top-ten seasons. He led the league with a 0.9 interception percentage which included a career-high (and team-record) 223 passes without an interception, one of his three top-ten seasons; the other two were 1979 and 1987.

DeBerg posted a career-high 395 yards passing against Denver on September 17, 1990. He seriously injured his non-throwing hand in a loss to the Houston Oilers on December 16, which required the insertion of a pin into his broken finger to keep it straight. For their last two games and the playoffs, the Chiefs ran their offense out of the shotgun formation to protect DeBerg from having the football jammed in his injured hand during the center-to-quarterback exchange. Kansas City won those games to clinch their second playoff appearance in over a decade, with DeBerg completing 44 of 59 passes for 527 yards with two touchdowns and no interceptions. In a 17–16 loss to the Miami Dolphins in the 1990 AFC wild-card game, he completed 17 of 30 pass attempts for 269 yards with one touchdown and one interception.

1992–1993: Second stint with Tampa Bay and Miami Dolphins
DeBerg rejoined the Buccaneers and played with them in 1992. In 1993, after three games with Tampa Bay, the Buccaneers cut DeBerg leading him to believe his career was over. Shortly after, however, the Miami Dolphins signed him. During the season, he left a Dolphins game against the New York Giants bleeding from a helmet blow to the chin, but returned to the game after halftime. Earlier in the season, DeBerg started in place of Dan Marino in the Thanksgiving game where Leon Lett's blunder resulted in a Dolphins win. He retired after the 1993 season.

1998: Atlanta Falcons and second retirement
DeBerg returned to the NFL in  at age 44, rejoining head coach Dan Reeves as a backup with the Atlanta Falcons. On October 25, with Chris Chandler unable to play, Deberg became the third-oldest quarterback to play in an NFL game when he led the Falcons against the New York Jets. In a 28–3 Falcons loss, DeBerg threw 9 of 20 for 117 yards and an interception before he was taken out for Tony Graziani. DeBerg was the oldest player on a Super Bowl roster (45 years, 12 days) when the Falcons appeared in Super Bowl XXXIII, although he did not play.

On February 5, 2010, DeBerg was inducted into the Rebel Hall of Fame at Savanna High School for his achievements as a starting quarterback in college and the NFL. The induction was held during halftime at a varsity boys basketball game at Savanna High School.

Coaching career
From 1995 to 1996, DeBerg was the New York Giants' quarterbacks coach under Dan Reeves.

DeBerg was head coach of the Arena Football League's Indiana Firebirds in 2004 for five games; the team's record during his tenure was 0–5. He was later an assistant coach for the Tampa Bay Storm.

Personal life
On August 17, 1974, DeBerg married Marcia North. They had two children, and divorced in 1996.

References

External links
Steve DeBerg coaching page at ArenaFan Online

Sports Reference – collegiate statistics – Steve DeBerg

Players of American football from Oakland, California
American football quarterbacks
San Francisco 49ers players
Denver Broncos players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Miami Dolphins players
Atlanta Falcons players
San Jose State Spartans football players
Indiana Firebirds coaches
1954 births
Living people
Players of American football from Orange County, California
Track and field athletes from Oakland, California
Fullerton Hornets football players
Tampa Bay Storm coaches
New York Giants coaches

Steve DeBerg


Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg,  (born 20 Julie 1938; deed 10 September 2020) wis an Inglis actress. She is best kent for playing Emma Peel in the TV series The Avengers (1965–68), Countess Teresa di Vicenzo, wife o James Bond, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), an Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones (2013–17).

1938 births
2020 daiths
Actresses awairdit Breetish dameheids
BAFTA winners (fowk)
Dames Commander o the Order o the Breetish Empire
Inglis film actresses
Inglis stage actresses
Inglis televeesion actresses
Fellaes o St Catherine's College, Oxford
Fowk associatit wi the Varsity o Stirlin
Fowk frae Doncaster
Royal Shakespeare Company members
Tony Awaird winners
Alumni o the Ryal Academy o Dramatic Airt
Fowk eddicatit at Fulneck School
20t-century Inglis actresses
21st-century Inglis actresses
Inglis Shakespearean actresses
Actresses frae Yorkshire
Inglis Christians
Female creetics o feminism
Ootstaundin Performance bi a Supportin Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Awaird winners

Diana Rigg


Phi (uppercase/lowercase Φ φ), is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "ph" sound in Ancient Greek. This sound changed to "f" some time in the 1st century AD, and in Modern Greek the letter denotes the "f" sound. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 500. The Cyrillic letter Ф came from Phi. In English, φ is pronounced like "f" but transliterated (re-written) as "ph" in words which originate in Ancient Greek. In those words which originate in Modern Greek, such as feta cheese, φ is transliterated as "f". The letter Phi is used to represent the golden ratio (which is about 1.618).

Related pages
 Euler's totient function

References

Greek alphabet

Phi


Nintendo entertainment system clones are hardware clones of the Nintendo Entertainment System and are rarely licensed. Nintendo has been cracking down on their production. Most of these consoles are manufactured in east Asia and are only sold in certain stores depending on their legality level. For example,a clone with pirated software built in is only sold at places like malls and flea markets. Ones that have original software built in are sold in places like dollar stores and pharmacies. Consoles that have no software built in and are intended to be a non-collector alternative to retro gamers are sold at used game stores.

Manufacturers
Sinango
DreamGEAR, LLC
Qishenglong
Trump grand
Subor
ABL

Copyright infringement

Nintendo entertainment system clone


Injustice is a 2021 American adult animated superhero film based on the 2013 video game of the same name, developed by NetherRealm Studios and based on characters from DC Comics. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, DC Entertainment, and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, it is the 46th installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. The film is directed by Matt Peters from a story by Ernie Altbacker and stars Justin Hartley and Anson Mount as Superman and Batman, respectively. The film, set in a separate continuity from the main DC Universe, follows Superman's descent into madness after being tricked by Joker into killing his pregnant wife Lois Lane and detonating a nuclear weapon that destroys Metropolis. As Superman transforms the Earth into a police state to enforce global peace, Batman forms an underground resistance to oppose Superman and his allies.

The film was announced in May 2021, with Altbacker writing the script. The film adapts elements from both the Injustice video game and its prequel comic book series (primarily the Year One arc), but tells an original narrative which diverges from the source materials.

Plot
On Earth-22, Joker and Harley Quinn kill Jimmy Olsen, kidnap a recently pregnant Lois Lane and steal a nuclear weapon, which they connect to a heart rate monitor attached to Lois' heart. Upon hearing of Lois' capture, Batman calls the Justice League to find her. The Flash finds the Scarecrow dead in his lab and his supply of fear toxin missing, before being killed by a trap laid by Joker.

Lois's husband, a panicking Superman, eventually finds Joker and Harley hiding on a submarine but is attacked by Doomsday, whom he punches into space. As the other heroes arrive and apprehend the Joker and Harley, Batman realizes that they have mixed the fear toxin with Kryptonite and used it to make Superman hallucinate that he is fighting Doomsday; in reality, he has beaten Lois to death. This causes the bomb attached to her to detonate, destroying Metropolis and killing 11 million people. A grief-stricken Superman then kills Joker in revenge.

While Green Arrow takes Harley to his hideout to protect her from Superman, the latter reveals his identity before the United Nations and announces his intentions to bring peace to Earth, by force if necessary. The Justice League is left divided over Superman's actions; some members, such as Wonder Woman, support his new methods, while others, like Batman, keep their no-killing vow. Other heroes, such as Aquaman, Shazam, and the other magic users, refuse to choose sides and leave the League with Hal Jordan stating that he and his fellow Green Lanterns are being recalled to Oa.

Meanwhile, the United States government becomes concerned that Superman will interfere in their operations, and have Mirror Master kidnap Jonathan Kent as leverage against him. Superman begins to question his actions, but Wonder Woman reassures him that he is doing the right thing and offers to help him find Jonathan. Confronting Mirror Master, Wonder Woman learns Jonathan's whereabouts, allowing Superman to rescue him. Elsewhere, Batman confronts the President and warns him that Superman will kill him if he finds out that he ordered Jonathan's capture.

Later, Superman visits Batman in the Batcave to make peace, but they get into an argument over their ideological views and Batman refuses to join Superman. While trying to stop Superman from relocating Arkham Asylum inmates to a more secure facility, Batman and Nightwing are shocked to discover that Robin has joined Superman. Harley, who escaped Green Arrow's capture and decided to become a hero, releases the inmates, forcing Batman and Superman to temporarily put their differences aside to fight them. During the battle, Robin lashes out in anger and accidentally kills Nightwing, leading to Batman disowning him. Nightwing then meets Rama Kushna in the afterlife, who transforms him into Deadwing.

After originally rejecting his help, Superman allies with Ra's al Ghul. Batman forms an underground resistance and plans to steal a red sun cannon from the Fortress of Solitude. During the break-in, Ra's kills the Atom and destroys the cannon, Superman overpowers Captain Atom, and Green Arrow accidentally kills Jonathan, whom Superman had been keeping safe at the Fortress, causing Superman to murder him in revenge. After Superman transforms the Earth into a police state using surveillance drones, Batman has Plastic Man break Mister Terrific out of prison and leaks video footage of Superman killing a group of partying teenagers inspired by Joker to ruin his public image, shocking Wonder Woman as a result.

In response, Superman dispatches Amazo to enforce global peace, but the android quickly turns violent in Smallville as Ra's had secretly programmed it to kill Superman. Amazo kills Hawkman and Cyborg, but Batman and his allies arrive and help Superman and Wonder Woman destroy the android. Meanwhile, Robin, having had a change of heart, duels and defeats Ra's with Deadwing's help, sparing Ra's life.

Despite their aid, Superman prepares to have the Insurgents arrested and incapacitates Wonder Woman after she turns on him, but is confronted by Superman from Earth-1, whom Mr. Terrific had summoned. Earth-22 Superman defeats his counterpart as the latter was holding back, but surrenders after being met with a Lois from Earth-9 who lost her Superman after becoming pregnant with his child. Earth-9 Lois reminds Earth-22 Superman that just like for Earth-9's, life is sacred. Realizing how far he has fallen, a remorseful Superman willingly agrees to be imprisoned.

Although unsure of what will happen next, Batman makes preparations to rebuild the world and his life with Catwoman.

Cast

Production
In June 2021, an animated film based on the 2013 video game Injustice: Gods Among Us was announced. The voice cast for the film was announced the following month on July 21.

Release
Unlike the games, which are Rated T from the ESRB, the film is Rated R for Bloody Violence, making it the first R-rated film based on a T-Rated video games series since Tekken. The film was released on October 19, 2021 on Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and in digital format. The DVD was exclusively released for Walmart stores. On October 9, the entire film was leaked online, ten days before its planned release date.

The Blu-ray includes the featurette titled Adventures in Storytelling: Injustice – Crisis and Conflict, where the filmmakers discuss the production and themes of the film, in addition to both parts of the Justice League series episode "Injustice for All".

The film made its linear debut in the United States on Adult Swim's Toonami block on February 19, 2023.

Reception

Critical reception
Injustice received mixed reviews.  Criticism was leveled at the unceremonious character deaths, poor character development, unfaithfulness to the source material, and overstuffed plot.

Streaming and home media

The film debuted at the third position on the "NPD Videoscan First Alert" weekly rankings for overall home media sales and Blu-ray sales in the United States. According to The Numbers, it sold 43,317 Blu-ray units and 7,568 DVD units in its first week of release for a revenue of $1.16 million. It also ranked fifth on both Google Play and Vudu's VOD charts. In the United Kingdom, it debuted at the tenth rank on the Official Film Chart.

In the second week of its release in the United States, Injustice fell to the fifth rank on the Blu-ray sales chart and eighth rank in overall disc sales. At the end of October, it ranked tenth in overall disc sales during the month. The film re-entered Google Play's top 10 films chart in its third week, ranking fifth, falling to the tenth rank in the following week.

References

External links

 Injustice at Warner Bros.
 Injustice at DC Comics

2020s American animated films
2020s direct-to-video animated superhero films
Adult animated superhero films
American animated superhero films
2021 animated films
2021 direct-to-video films
2020s superhero films
2021 films
Animated action films
American adult animated films
2020s English-language films
Animated films about revenge
Animated films based on video games
Injustice (franchise)
Films about parallel universes
Animated Justice League films
Works based on Warner Bros. video games
Films directed by Matt Peters

Injustice (2021 film)


Dale D. Murphy is a professor in the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.  He teaches international relations, international business, international economics, entrepreneurship, and corporate social responsibility in the Landegger Program in International Business Diplomacy.  He serves on the board of Global Integrity.  Murphy is the author of The Structure of Regulatory Competition: corporations and public policies in a global economy (Oxford University Press, 2004), which explains the impact of large corporations' preferences on public policies.  He has authored various articles on international political economy and corporate social responsibility.

Before joining Georgetown University, Murphy was an assistant vice president at Citicorp.  Earlier, he worked on long-term US-Soviet relations and Middle East national security policy for Secretary of State George P. Shultz in the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State, and for the World Bank and U.S. Agency for International Development.  He has also taught at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dale is currently a visiting lecturer at the Dubai School of Government.  He specializes in Entrepreneurship and financial responsibility in developing markets.

External links

Walsh School of Foreign Service faculty
Living people
American international relations scholars
Harvard University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
American political scientists
21st-century American economists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Dale D. Murphy


Shueisha Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社集英社, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Shūeisha) is a Japanese company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1925 as the entertainment-related publishing division of Japanese publisher Shogakukan. The following year, Shueisha became a separate, independent company.

Manga magazines published by Shueisha include the Jump magazine line, which includes shonen magazines Weekly Shōnen Jump, Jump SQ, and V Jump, and seinen magazines Weekly Young Jump, Grand Jump and Ultra Jump. They also publish other magazines, including Non-no. Shueisha, along with Shogakukan, owns Viz Media, which publishes manga from all three companies in North America.

Shueisha


Captain America: The Winter Soldier is a 2014 superhero movie and a sequel to the 2011 movie Captain America: The First Avenger. Directed by the Russo brothers, it is the ninth movie of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Plot
Two years after the Avengers saved New York City from Loki and the Chitauri, Steve Rogers/Captain America (Chris Evans) is still trying to adjust to modern life after being frozen in ice for 70 years. He works for the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. with fellow Avenger Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson) and director Nick Fury (Samuel L. Jackson). During a morning run, Steve makes friends with veteran Sam Wilson (Anthony Mackie).

Captain America and Black Widow go on a mission to stop pirates from taking control of a S.H.I.E.L.D. ship. As Captain America fights and defeats mercenary Georges Batroc (Georges St-Pierre), Black Widow extracts data from the ship's computers. Steve goes to Fury, angry he wasn't told that Natasha had a different mission than him. Fury tells Steve about Project Insight, a plan by S.H.I.E.L.D. to use satellites and Helicarriers to kill people who they think are threats. Fury tries to decrypt the data Natasha brought him, but when he can't, he asks senior S.H.I.E.L.D. official Alexander Pierce (Robert Redford) to delay Project Insight.

Fury is driving around Washington D.C. when he's suddenly attacked by a group of men disguised as officers. Fury uses his modified smart car to fight back and drive away, but is caught off guard when he sees a mysterious man in a black mask, called the Winter Soldier, who is the leader of the attackers. Fury ditches his car and heads to Steve's apartment, where he warns him that S.H.I.E.L.D. is in trouble and gives him a hard drive. The Winter Soldier appears and shoots Fury, apparently killing him. Steve's neighbor "Kate" comes and reveals herself as Sharon Carter (Emily VanCamp), a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent assigned by Fury to protect Steve. Steve chases the Winter Soldier and is shocked by the Winter Soldier's enhanced strength.

Pierce asks Steve to tell him what was on the hard drive Fury gave him, but Steve refuses. Angry, Pierce tells S.H.I.E.L.D. that Captain America is an enemy and orders them to hunt him down. Now on the run from S.T.R.I.K.E., Steve meets Natasha and they work together to decode Fury's hard drive. The drive leads them to the army base in New Jersey where Steve was trained in the 1940s. The two of them find a secret bunker with a supercomputer that contains the consciousness of scientist Arnim Zola (Toby Jones), who was thought dead in the 20th century. Zola tells them that he rebuilt the evil organization Hydra from within S.H.I.E.L.D. so they could cause chaos, and that S.H.I.E.L.D. is filled with Hydra double agents who use the Winter Soldier as their main assassin. Steve and Natasha escape the bunker before it's destroyed by a S.H.I.E.L.D. missile. They quickly figure out that Pierce is actually Hydra's leader while pretending to be one of the leaders of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Not knowing who to trust anymore, Steve and Natasha hide in Sam Wilson's house. Sam tells them that he has a "Falcon" wingpack that he used during his time in the military, and they decide to recruit Sam to stop Hydra with them. They kidnap Hydra mole Jasper Sitwell (Maximiliano Hernandez) and force him to tell them Hydra's true plan: to hijack Project Insight by using an algorithm made by Zola to find threats to Hydra, and use the Helicarriers to kill them even before they commit any crimes. The Winter Soldier and his men return and ambush the group, killing Sitwell. After a fight, Steve unmasks the Winter Soldier to reveal James "Bucky" Barnes (Sebastian Stan), Steve's best friend who was thought killed in the 1940s, but was secretly kidnapped by Hydra and brainwashed to follow their orders.

Fury's close friend and S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Maria Hill (Cobie Smulders) takes Steve, Sam, and Natasha to a safehouse where Fury is still alive, having faked his death to go undercover. Fury gives them controller chips that they can use to disable the Helicarriers before Hydra can use them. Steve tells Fury that he plans to completely destroy S.H.I.E.L.D. to stop Hydra from ever forming again. They all go to S.H.I.E.L.D. headquarters, where Steve tells everyone the truth about Hydra and their plan and Natasha leaks Hydra's files to the public. Fury fights and kills Pierce for his betrayal. Meanwhile, Steve and Sam are able to get inside two of the three Helicarriers and disable them with the controller chips. On the third Helicarrier, Bucky appears as the Winter Soldier and tries to stop Steve, but Steve inserts the final controller chip and foils Hydra's plan. Steve refuses to fight Bucky and tries to make him remember that he's his best friend. At first, Bucky resists and attacks Steve, but soon realizes the truth. As Steve falls into the Potomac River, Bucky saves him from drowning and disappears.

After the battle, Hydra is no more and S.H.I.E.L.D. is mostly destroyed. Natasha appears before the Senate, while Fury plans to go to Europe to stop any of Hydra's remaining cells. Steve tells Sam that he wants to find Bucky, and Sam insists on joining him.

In a mid-credits scene, Baron Wolfgang von Strucker (Thomas Kreitschmann) experiments on a test subject with super-speed (Aaron Taylor-Johnson) and another with telekinetic abilities (Elizabeth Olsen). In a post-credits scene, Bucky visits his own memorial at the Smithsonian.

Cast
 Chris Evans as Steven Rogers / Captain America
 Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow
 Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier
 Robert Redford as Alexander Pierce
 Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury
 Toby Jones as Arnim Zola
 Thomas Kretschmann as Baron Von Strucker
 Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver
 Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch
 Garry Shandling as Senator Sterns

References

2010s superhero movies
Captain America movies
Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
Drone movies
Movies about terrorism
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
2010s 3D movies
2010s English-language movies
2010s action thriller movies
2014 adventure movies
2010s sequel movies
2010s spy movies
2014 science fiction movies
American action thriller movies
American adventure movies
American crime drama movies
American science fiction movies
American sequel movies
American superhero movies
Disney movies
IMAX movies
Movies about security and surveillance
Movies set in New Jersey
Movies set in the 2010s
Paramount movies
Science fiction action movies
Superhero crossover movies

Captain America: The Winter Soldier


Pietralunga is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about  north of Perugia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,343 and an area of 140.2 km².

Pietralunga borders the following municipalities: Apecchio, Cagli, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Montone, Umbertide.

History
As a small medieval town in Italy, it has many mentions by travelers and adventurers, dating back to 1000 A.D. It is also home to several ancient Roman ruins. According to history, St. Crescenziano was killed near the town's center. On 11 September 1334 Giovanni di Lorenzo de Picardie traveled through Pietralunga as part of the Ax Miracle of the Holy Face of Lucca.

Demographic evolution

References

External links
 Pietralunga.it/

Cities and towns in Umbria

Pietralunga


A boarding school is a school where students live and sleep. Some boarding schools have day students who go home at the end of the school day. If the school costs money, they don't have to pay as much money. A person who stays at a boarding school is called a "boarder". In the UK 1% of children go to boarding schools and 13% of private school pupils are boarders. Most boarding schools are private. This means that as well as having to pay to sleep there, students have to pay for their education.

In Ghana most secondary schools are boarding.

Famous private boarding schools include Eton College, Rugby School and Harrow School in the United Kingdom, Phillips Exeter Academy in the United States and Cornway College in Zimbabwe.

There are therapeutic boarding schools which offer treatment for psychological difficulties. Special needs education for children are catered for in some boarding schools. Some boarding schools offer 'democratic education', such as Summerhill School (where pupils make many of the decisions). Others are determinedly international, such as the United World Colleges. Military schools or academies provide discipline and may offer a way into military service. Gordonstoun in Scotland is a co-educational school for both day and boarding pupils.

Some famous novels use boarding schools as their setting. Examples include the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling; A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett; The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger; the Malory Towers, St. Clare's and The Naughtiest Girl series by Enid Blyton; and Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens.

References

Types of educational institutions

Boarding school


In ancient Egyptian religion, the crown of justification (mꜣḥ n mꜣꜥ ḫrw) was a wreath or fillet worn by the deceased to represent victory over death in the afterlife. Its symbolism is based on Chapter 19 of the Book of the Dead, in which the wearer is said to be "justified" by a triumph over death just as the god Osiris eventually rose above his enemies. A ritual text was recited as the dead person was crowned.

The crown of justification might be made of laurel, palm, feathers, papyrus, or precious metals. It was syncretized with the solar crown of the sun god Re, and might be made of gold to mimic the properties of the sun. Among the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, is an intricately woven papyrus wreath with bronze insets to reflect light. In the Roman era, initiates into the mysteries of Isis might wear a wreath of palm leaves to suggest the rays of the sun.

In the Ptolemaic and Roman Imperial periods, religious art in temples shows the king offering the crown to Horus or other deities. These crowns of justification take the form of a circlet, which sometimes has a uraeus or wedjat-eye. Rose wreaths might be substituted during the Roman period, in reference to the use of rose garlands and wreaths in the Romanized mysteries of Isis. The crown of justification was in this way integrated into the broader festal and religious uses of floral and vegetative wreaths in the Roman Empire.

See also
 Crowns of Egypt
 Crown of Immortality

References

Crowns (headgear)
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices

Crown of justification