Articles with hCards

Vho Charlotte Makgomo (née Mannya) Maxeke (07 Lambamai 1871 – 16 Tshimedzi 1939) vho vha vhe murangaphanda wa zwa vhurereli vha dovha vha vha mulweli wa tshumelo dza tshitshavha na politiki, kha la Afurika Tshipembe; ndi vhone muthu wa tshifumakadzi wa murema wa u thoma u telwa digirii kha la Afurika Tshipembe nga B.sc ubva yunivesithi ya Wilberforce Ohio nga nwaha wa 1903, vha dovha hafhu vha vha mufumakadzi wa murema wa u thoma u telwa digirii kha inwe ya dzi yunivesithi kha la Amerika.

Kualutshele
Vho Charlotte Makgomo (née Mannya) Maxeke vho bebelwa Fort Beaufort, Eastern Cape nga la 07 April 1871. Vho vha vhe nwananyana wa vho John Kgope Mannya, murwa wa murangaphanda wa vhathu vha Batlokwa, vho Modidima Mannya, fhasi ha ndango ya  nduna vho Mamafa Ramokgopa na vho Anna Manci, Xhosa woman (mufamakadzi wa muxhosa) ubva Fort Beaufort. Khotsi a vho Mannya vho vha vhe mulanguli wa dzibada vha dovha vha vha murereli wa Presbytery, mme avho vho vha vhe mudededzi. Mannya's grandfather served as a key adviser to the King of the Basutos. Soon after her birth, Mannya's family moved to Fort Beaufort, where her father had gained employment at a road construction company. Details about Mannya's siblings are unclear, however, she had a sister known as Katie, who was born in Fort Beaufort. Mannya's date of birth is in dispute, with possible dates ranging from 1871, 1872 to 1874. The Minister of Home Affairs of South Africa, Naledi Pandor, took special interest in this detail of Charlotte Maxeke's life, however, no records were found. The date in 1871 is also often accepted as it does not conflict with the age of her younger sister Katie who was born in 1873.

References

 Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa, James T. Campbell, 1995, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Beauty of the Heart: The Life and Times of Charlotte Mannya Maxeke, Zubeida Jaffer, 2016, Bloemfontein: Sun Press.
 Ana Stevenson and Claire Cooke, "Recovering the Transnational Life of Charlotte Maxeke: An Interview with Zubeida Jaffer." Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies 19, no. 1 (2018): 9-15.

Charlotte Maxeke


Ballroom dance is the name for a number of dances done in ballrooms. It usually means pairs (mostly a man and woman) dancing on the same floor as other pairs. The most important difference in style is between the modern or standard dances and the Latin dances. The modern dances are the waltz, quickstep, foxtrot, tango and Viennese waltz. The Latin dances are the cha-cha-cha, samba, rumba, paso doble, and jive. However, there are also sequence dances, where dancers move together in a pre-set pattern.

All these dances can be danced socially, more or less any way people want to. As competition dances, they are organised under the rule of the World Dance Council. These competitions are danced in the International style; the techniques were developed by English dancers in the 20th century. All major international competitions are conducted under detailed regulations. There are other systems of dance regulated by national bodies. American style is one; Scottish dancing is another; Greek classical dance is another.

Although the most famous dancers were Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, they did not dance in ballrooms. Their career together was entirely on film. Astaire danced also on the stage, and on television. The most famous American pair of ballroom dancers was Vernon and Irene Castle, who were national figures until Vernon's death in 1918. Later, Arthur Murray's chain of dance schools taught many Americans to dance. The most famous English ballroom dancer was probably Victor Silvester, who was a professional dancer and a very successful bandleader.

International style
There are ten international style ballroom dances, five standard (or modern) and five Latin:
 Standard: Waltz, Quickstep, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese waltz
 Latin: Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Samba, Jive, Paso doble

Most of these are dances that started in other places, but were developed in their modern form by English dancers and dance teachers.

Most people do these dances for fun. When people compete against each other, the women wear formal dresses (gowns) for standard competition and short skirts for Latin. Men wear formal evening wear ('white tie and tails') for standard and informal shirts for Latin.

Some people earn medals to show how they are improving. They dance in front of a judge to earn a medal at the Bronze, Silver, or Gold levels. Ballroom dance teaching and medal awards is done by Dance Teacher organisations, such as the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) or the International Dance Teachers Association (IDTA). These organisations also do ballet, stage dancing (or 'theatre dance' or 'jazz dance') and several other types of dance. Their qualifications and exams are held world-wide, even though they are English in origin. Street dance, as the name suggests, does not need a ballroom. Nevertheless, it is being taught in ballrooms, as are some other kinds of non-traditional dance.

There are also some line dances, in which people dance as a group instead of with a partner. Some line dances are done to Mambo, Waltz, Paso Doble, and Samba.

Some people dance in couples, but also as a group, with everyone doing the same steps. This is called formation dancing.

Competitions

People compete at many levels, but the basic division is between amateurs and professionals. Then, amongst amateurs, there are age grades (British regulations):
 Juveniles, up to 12. Standard juvenile clothing is worn.
 Juniors, up to 16.
 Youth, up to 21.
 Adult Amateur, 16 and over.
 Seniors, 35+.
 Over 45s.
In the US, competitions may be divided according to dancing ability: Newcomer, Pre-Bronze, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Pre-Championship, and Championship.

The best-known competition is the Blackpool Dance Festival, England. This has been going annually since 1920 (except for war years), and its events, like most English events, are open to the world.

American style
American style ballroom dancing is sometimes called Social style. It includes smooth and rhythm dances:
 Smooth: Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz
 Rhythm: Cha Cha, Mambo, Rumba, Bolero, East Coast Swing

Movies and television shows

Movies
 Strictly Ballroom
 Shall We Dance?
 Dance With Me
 Dirty Dancing with Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey
 movies with Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers (such as Flying Down to Rio, The Gay Divorcee, Top Hat and Carefree)

Television
 Ballroom Bootcamp (US)
 So You Think You Can Dance (US, UK, Belgium, Netherlands)
 Dancing with the Stars (United States, Netherlands)
 Strictly Come Dancing (UK)

Other ballroom dances

Swing
 West Coast Swing
 Lindy Hop
 Balboa

Latin
 Salsa
 Merengue
 Cumbia

Other
 Argentine Tango
 Polka

Related pages
 Ball (dance)

References

Ballroom dance


Scott William Sauerbeck (born November 9, 1971) is a retired left-handed Major League Baseball relief pitcher.

High school career
Sauerbeck attended Northwest High School in Cincinnati, and played baseball, basketball, and soccer graduating in 1990.

He called himself "the curveball flipping freak."

College career
After attending Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, Sauerbeck was drafted by the New York Mets in the 23rd round of the 1994 amateur draft.

Professional career
After four seasons in the minor leagues, Sauerbeck was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the  Rule 5 draft. In four and a half seasons with the Pirates, he had an ERA of 3.56 and compiled a record of 19–15 with five saves in 341 games out of the bullpen.

During the  season, Sauerbeck and pitcher Mike González were traded to the Boston Red Sox for Brandon Lyon and Anastacio Martinez, but the Pirates backed out of the deal after discovering an injury to Lyon. However, the Pirates and Red Sox worked out another trade that sent Sauerbeck and Jeff Suppan to Boston for infielder Freddy Sanchez. With Boston, he pitched in 26 games and made one postseason appearance.

In the offseason, he signed with the Cleveland Indians, but missed the  season due to an injury. In June , Cleveland released him due to poor performance on the field and being arrested for permitting someone intoxicated to drive his car. Two weeks later, he signed with the Oakland Athletics. On October 10, 2006, Oakland released him.

On February 2, 2007, he signed a minor league deal with the Houston Astros. He was released by the Astros while pitching for the Round Rock Express, their Triple-A affiliate on June 19, 2007. On February 1, 2008, Sauerbeck signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. The Reds released him on May 6, 2008. He signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox and was assigned to their Triple-A affiliate, the Charlotte Knights, later in May. Sauerbeck's final minor league game was August 29, pitching a scoreless inning with two strikeouts against the Durham Bulls. He announced his retirement following the game. With the Knights, Scott compiled a 1–2 record with a 4.37 ERA in 37 games.

External links

Venezuelan Winter League
Sports Illustrated

1971 births
Living people
Baseball players from Cincinnati
Binghamton Mets players
Boston Red Sox players
Capital City Bombers players
Charlotte Knights players
Cleveland Indians players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Miami RedHawks baseball players
Nashville Sounds players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Norfolk Tides players
Oakland Athletics players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Pittsfield Mets players
Round Rock Express players
Sacramento River Cats players
St. Lucie Mets players
Stockton Ports players
Syracuse Chiefs players

Scott Sauerbeck


An object is in a vertical position when it goes in an "up-down" direction, also perpendicular to the horizon or horizontal plane.

In science, it could also mean:
Vertical direction, the direction aligned with the direction of the force of gravity, as materialized with a plumb line

In mathematics:
Vertical (angles), a pair of angles sharing the same vertex and bounded by the same pair of lines but are opposite to each other

In music:
Vertical (music), a musical interval where the two notes sound simultaneously

In business:
Vertical market, a group of similar businesses and customers which engage in trade based on specific and specialized needs
Vertical integration, a management term describing a style of ownership and control
Vertical monopoly, a monopoly produced through vertical integration

In networking:
 Vertical (network), the portion of network cabling that runs between floors, usually considered the backbone network

In furnishings:
 Vertical blinds, a type of window blind

In athletics:
 Vertical jump, a measure of how high an individual or athlete can elevate off the ground from a standstill

In  a Vertical wine tasting different vintages of the same wine type from the same winery are tasted.

Related pages
Horizontal

Vertical


Cold fusion is nuclear fusion at room temperature and normal pressure. Nuclear fusion is how many nuclei, the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, are forced together to form a heavier nucleus (singular of nuclei) and during that process, energy is released. Some scientists hope that this may be Earth's future energy source, but most scientists do not agree.

For nuclear fusion to take place, a large amount of energy is needed. With this energy, the atoms are pushed together, which are repelled by the electrostatic force (a force between protons which are particles in the nucleus of the atom and have a positive electrical charge). But once this force is overcome and the nuclei are pushed close enough together, another much more powerful force will take over: the strong nuclear force. It only operates at short distances, so when the nuclei are close enough, they attract each other because of the strong nuclear force which is stronger than the electrostatic force. It is hoped that the energy released by cold fusion is much greater than the energy used to push the atoms together.

In 1989 two scientists, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, published a paper in Nature, an important science journal, claiming to have created cold fusion. This was a very important story at the time. Other scientists were not able to repeat their experiments. This is why cold fusion is not generally accepted by scientists at the moment. Several dozen scientists are still working on cold fusion research. They publish in peer-reviewed journals and other academic sources regularly, but most are not convinced.

Other websites
 Barnhart et al. (2009) "Technology Forecast: Worldwide Research on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Increasing and Gaining Acceptance," Defense Analysis Report DIA-08-0911-003, U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency
 Marwan, Jan and Krivit, Steven B., eds., Low energy nuclear reactions sourcebook (American Chemical Society/Oxford University Press, 2008; )
 Kitamura, A. et al. (2009) "Anomalous effects in charging of Pd powders with high density hydrogen isotopes" Physics Letters A 373(35):3109-12 doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2009.06.061
 Kim, Y.E. (2009) "Theory of Bose–Einstein condensation mechanism for deuteron-induced nuclear reactions in micro/nano-scale metal grains and particles," Naturwissenschaften 96(7):803-11.
 Szpak S, Mosier-Boss PA, Gordon FE (2007) "Further evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd–D lattice: emission of charged particles" Naturwissenschaften, vol. 94 pp. 511–514.

Nuclear energy

Cold fusion


Francesco Carbone Tomacelli (died 18 June 1405) was Italian cardinal at the time of the Great Western Schism. He was nephew (possibly adopted) of Pope Boniface IX.

He was born in Naples and in his youth entered the Order of Cistercians. He supported Pope Urban VI against the claims of Antipope Clement VII after the election of the latter in 1378. He was elected bishop of Monopoli at the end of 1382 and in the consistory of 17 December 1384 he was created cardinal. Legate in the Kingdom of Naples to secure its support for the Roman Obedience. Grand penitentiary and archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica from 1389 until his death. He participated in the papal conclave, 1389. He became close adviser of the new pope Boniface IX, who was his uncle. He participated in the papal conclave, 1404. He acted also as cardinal-protector of the Order of Franciscans. First commendatario of the abbey of Farfa in 1400. He died at Rome, quite suddenly. Shortly before his death Innocent VII named him Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina (12 June 1405).

References

Sources

Martin Souchon: Die Papstwahlen in der Zeit des grossen Schismas, Verlag von Benno Goeritz, 1888

14th-century births
1405 deaths
Clergy from Naples
14th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinal-bishops of Sabina
Cardinal-nephews
Major Penitentiaries of the Apostolic Penitentiary
Bishops of Monopoli
15th-century Italian cardinals
15th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops

Francesco Carbone Tomacelli


Visible Language is an American journal presenting visual communication research. Founded in 1967 as The Journal of Typographical Research by Merald Wrolstad, occasional Visible Language issues are co-edited with a guest editor-author.

The journal was founded with the primary tenet of the journal being that reading and writing together form a new, separate, and autonomous language system. The journal has evolved to focus on research in visual communication. The journal has covered the subject of concrete poetry, the Fluxus art movement, painted text, textual criticism, the abstraction of symbols, articulatory synthesis and text, and the evolution of the page from print to on-screen display. Guest editor-authors have included Colin Banks, John Cage, Adrian Frutiger, Dick Higgins, Richard Kostelanetz, Craig Saper, and George Steiner.

The journal was edited for 26 years (1987–2012) by Sharon Poggenpohl of the Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute of Design, with administrative offices at the Rhode Island School of Design. It is currently edited by Mike Zender of the University of Cincinnati, which publishes and provides administrative offices for the journal.

References
 Visible Language. Vol. 36.2, edited by Praima Chayutsahakij. 2002.

External links
 Website of Visible Language

Visual arts magazines published in the United States
Communication design
Design magazines
Graphic design
Illinois Institute of Technology
Magazines established in 1967
Magazines published in Illinois
Writing systems

Visible Language


Ailill Flann Bec, son of Fiachu Muillethan, was an Irish dynast belonging to the Deirgtine, the proto-historical ancestors of the historical Eóganachta dynasties of Munster. He was the father of Luigthech, also known as Lugaid, and thus the grandfather of Conall Corc. Another son of Ailill Flann Bec may have been Dáire Cerbba, but there is evidence against this.

He was adopted by and succeeded his elder brother Ailill Flann Mór, who left no issue.

References

 Kuno Meyer (ed.), "The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories", in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 8. Halle/Saale, Max Niemeyer. 1912. Pages 291-338.
 Michael A. O'Brien (ed.) with intr. by John V. Kelleher, Corpus genealogiarum Hiberniae. DIAS. 1976. / partial digital edition: Donnchadh Ó Corráin (ed.), Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502. University College, Cork: Corpus of Electronic Texts. 1997.
 John O'Donovan (ed. and tr.), Annála Ríoghachta Éireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1616. 7 vols. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin. 1848-51. 2nd edition, 1856.
 John O'Hart, Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: James Duffy and Co. 5th edition, 1892.
 Eugene O'Keeffe (ed. and tr.), Eoganacht Genealogies from the Book of Munster. Cork. 1703. (available here)
 T. F. O'Rahilly, Early Irish History and Mythology. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1946.

Medieval Gaels from Ireland

Ailill Flann Bec


True History of the Kelly Gang is a novel by Australian writer Peter Carey, based loosely on the history of the Kelly Gang. It was first published in Brisbane by the University of Queensland Press in 2000. It won the 2001 Booker Prize and the Commonwealth Writers Prize in the same year. Despite its title, the book is fiction and a variation on the Ned Kelly story.

Plot summary
Ned Kelly begins his autobiography with a description of his father, John "Red" Kelly, an Irishman transported to Van Diemen's Land and eventually settling in the colony of Victoria, Australia. After marrying Ned's mother Ellen (née Quinn), the Kellys settle in Avenel, a rural area northeast of Melbourne. Red Kelly is shown to have numerous brushes with the colonial police forces, resulting in his imprisonment and death when his son Ned was twelve years of age.

After the rest of the family resettles in northeast Victoria under the Land Grant Act, Ned's mother attempts to provide for her children by running a shebeen and taking on a series of lovers, including the notorious bushranger Harry Power. Power agrees to take on the young Ned as an apprentice, and provides Ned with knowledge of the land, hideouts, and strategies for bushranging. Kelly eventually leaves Power and returns to his family's settlement, where he is shown making dogged attempts to live an honest lifestyle.

Kelly is arrested and sentenced to three years in prison for the reception of a stolen horse (although Kelly claims that a friend, "Wild" Wright, knowingly sold him the stolen horse without Kelly's knowledge – Kelly later exacts revenge on Wright in a bare-knuckle boxing match). After two years of working as a sawmill hand, he is drawn back to bushranging when a herd of his horses is appropriated by a rival squatter. His descent back into crime is precipitated by a visit from a local police officer, Constable Alex Fitzpatrick.  The policeman woos Ned's younger sister, Kate, prompting Ned to reveal that Fitzpatrick has multiple mistresses in other towns and has no intention of marrying Kate. After his mother Ellen threatens the constable with violence, Fitzpatrick pulls his revolver on the family and Ned shoots him in the hand in self-defense. Although he dresses the wound and Fitzpatrick leaves while promising that no action will be taken, warrants for the arrest of Ned and his younger brother Dan are issued the next day.

Ned Kelly and his brother Dan hide out in the hills of northeast Victoria, eventually being joined by their friends Steve Hart and Joe Byrne (later becoming known as the Kelly Gang). Kelly's mother is eventually arrested along with her baby daughter and imprisoned in Melbourne as an enticement for Kelly to give himself up. A detachment of four policemen is eventually sent to kill the quartet after efforts to arrest them prove unsuccessful; the Kelly Gang ambushes them at Stringybark Creek, where Ned kills three of the policemen. This adds to the growing folklore surrounding the Kelly Gang, which they fuel by robbing banks and giving parts of the money to the lower-class settlers in Victoria who help to shelter the gang.

During the gang's raids, Ned Kelly meets a young Irish girl named Mary Hearn, who already has a young son by Kelly's stepfather, George King. Kelly falls in love with Mary and makes plans to escape the colony with her after she becomes pregnant with his child. Crucially, it is Mary who motivates Kelly to begin writing the story of his life as a legacy for his future child, who she fears will never know its father. Following two successful bank robberies, Mary uses the money to emigrate to San Francisco with her son and Kelly's unborn daughter; Kelly remains behind, however, unwilling to leave Australia until his mother is released from jail.

The gang is eventually cornered by a large squad of dozens of policemen (versus just four in the Kelly Gang) in the town of Glenrowan where the gang has taken numerous hostages and constructed several suits of plate-steel armor for protection. One of the hostages is the crippled local schoolmaster, Thomas Curnow, who encourages Kelly to relate the story of his entire life after seeing samples of his writing. Curnow betrays the gang by warning the incoming police train that the gang has sabotaged the tracks, feeling that history will view him as a "hero". The policemen surround the town and engage in a furious shootout with the armor-clad gang, seriously wounding Ned Kelly and killing the other three members of the gang. Kelly's narrative stops abruptly just before the shootout itself; a secondary narrator, identified as "S.C", relates the tale of the gunfight and Kelly's death by hanging. Since Curnow is shown to have escaped Glenrowan with Kelly's manuscripts, it is assumed that this narrator is a relative of Curnow's. Kelly dies a hero to the people of northeastern Victoria, with the legend of his life left to grow over time.

Technique
The novel is divided into thirteen sections (each ostensibly written by Kelly), with a short description at the beginning of each section describing the physical condition of the original manuscripts. The novel also includes a preface and a frame narrative at the end which describe the events of Kelly's final shootout at Glenrowan and his eventual death sentence. Carey departs from what is known about Kelly's life by providing him with a lover and a daughter, for whom he has been recording his life history whilst on the run from the police.

The novel is written in a distinctive vernacular style, with little in the way of punctuation or grammar; the influence of Kelly's Irish heritage is also apparent in his language. The style is similar to Kelly's most famous surviving piece of writing, The Jerilderie Letter. Excepting the frame narratives of "S.C", the novel does not contain any commas. Although there is much profanity in the novel, it has been censored (replacing vulgarities with terms such as "effing" or "adjectival") for the benefit of Kelly's fictional daughter, presumably by Kelly himself.

Reception
English writer Robert McCrum named True History of the Kelly Gang one of the 100 greatest novels written in English. In 2019, the novel was ranked 53rd on The Guardian'''s list of the 100 best books of the 21st century.

In an effort to attract American readers to the story, the book's American publisher, Alfred Knopf, heralded the book as a "Great American Novel", even though the novel takes place entirely within Australia. The claim that this book is an "American novel" appears to be based on the fact that author Peter Carey, an Australian, has lived in New York City for many years.

Awards and nominations
Centre for Australian Cultural Studies Award, 2000: winner
Colin Roderick Award, Best Australian Book, 2000: winner
Booksellers Choice Award, 2000: shortlisted
Booker Prize (UK), 2001: winner
The Courier-Mail Book of the Year Award, 2001: joint winner
Queensland Premier's Literary Awards, Best Fiction Book, 2001: winner
Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, The Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction, 2001: winner
 In 2001 in a press release the administrators of the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, the State Library of Victoria, erroneously named Frank Moorhouse's Dark Palace as the winner of that year's award, when in fact the decision had gone to True History of the Kelly Gang''.
The Age Book of the Year Award, Fiction Prize, 2001: winner
The Age Book of the Year Award, Book of the Year, 2001: winner
Commonwealth Writers Prize, South East Asia Region, Best Book for the Region Award, 2001: winner
Commonwealth Writers Prize, Overall Best Book Award, 2001: winner
Miles Franklin Award, 2001: shortlisted
One Book One Brisbane, 2002: winner
Festival Awards for Literature (SA), The Premier's Award, 2002: winner
Festival Awards for Literature (SA), Dymocks Booksellers National Fiction Award, 2002: inaugural winner
International Dublin Literary Award, 2002: shortlisted
Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger (France), 2003: winner

Fiction vs known facts
This novel uses many aspects of the history of the Kelly Gang, but much of it is invented, and some facts are distorted.

The 'parcels' are entirely an invention of the author, as is the "Sons of Sieve", and the suggestion that Ellen Kelly and Harry Power were lovers. The character Mary Hearne, and her children, are entirely fictional; Ned Kelly is not known to have fathered any children in his lifetime, nor was he known to be romantically involved with any woman during his outlawry.

Film adaptation

A film adaptation of Carey's novel was released in Australian cinemas in January 2020. Directed by Justin Kurzel, the film's cast includes George MacKay as Ned Kelly and Russell Crowe as Harry Power.

References

External links
 Interview with Peter Carey about the novel

Booker Prize-winning works
2000 Australian novels
Novels by Peter Carey (novelist)
Novels set in the 19th century
University of Queensland Press books
Novels set in Victoria (state)
Cultural depictions of Ned Kelly
Australian novels adapted into films

True History of the Kelly Gang


Robert Lee Frost  (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was an American poet. He is well known for his realistic writings of rural life and his use of American informal (slang) speech. His poems were often set in rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, and used these settings to look at complex social and philosophical themes. Frost has often been quoted by other people. He was honored often during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Early years

Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie.

Frost's father was a teacher, and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (later the San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful candidate for city tax collector. After his death on May 5, 1885 the family moved across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts. Frost graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892. Frost's mother joined the Swedenborgian Church and had him baptized in there, but he left the church as an adult.

Although he would be famous for writing about rural life, Frost grew up in the city, and published his first poem in his high school's magazine. He attended Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at different jobs.

Adult years

In 1894, Frost sold his first poem, "My Butterfly: An Elegy", for fifteen dollars. It was published in the November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent. Proud of this accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White. She waited, wanting to finish college before they married. Frost then went on a trip to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia. After returning he proposed again to Elinor. Because she had then graduated, she agreed. They got married on 19th December 1896.

He attended liberal arts studies at Harvard for two years, but left to support his growing family. Shortly before dying, Robert's grandfather purchased a farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; and Robert worked the farm for nine years, while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. His farming was unsuccessful and he returned to education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, living first in Glasgow before settling in Beaconsfield outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the next year. In England, he made some important friends, including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock Poets), T.E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound. Surrounded by his peers, Frost wrote some of his best work while in England.

As World War I began, Frost returned to America in 1915 and bought a farm in New Hampshire, where he started a career of writing, teaching, and lecturing. This family homestead was the Frosts' summer home until 1938, and is used today as The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference site. During the years 1916–20, 1923–24, and 1927–1938, Frost taught English at Amherst College in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for the sounds of the human voice in their writing.

For forty-two years – from 1921 to 1963 - Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain campus at Ripton, Vermont. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead as a national historic site near the Bread Loaf campus. In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927; while there he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters. The Robert Frost Ann Arbor home is now situated at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. Frost returned to Amherst in 1927. In 1940 he bought a  plot in South Miami, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters there for the rest of his life.

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory says Frost received an honorary degree there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities; and was the only person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him.

Frost was 86 when he spoke and performed a reading of his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He died in Boston two years later, on January 29, 1963, of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph quotes a line from one of his poems: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."

Frost's poems are analyzed in the Anthology of Modern American Poetry (Oxford University Press) where it is mentioned that behind a sometimes charmingly familiar and rural front, Frost's poetry frequently presents hopeless and hostile undertones which often are either unseen or unanalyzed.

One of the original collections of Frost materials is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts.  The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence, and photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings.

References

1874 births
1963 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American poets
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from San Francisco
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Lawrence, Massachusetts

Robert Frost


John Bartlett Angel  (June 12, 1913 – January 10, 1993), born in St. John's, Newfoundland, was the recipient of the Order of Canada for his work in the improvement of education and welfare in Newfoundland through his voluntary service to the province.

Angel is the fourth-generation president of the United Nail and Foundry Company Limited. Angel's mother was Mary Elizabeth Bartlett, sister of Captain Robert Bartlett.

Angel was a member of the following northern expeditions on the Effie M. Morrissey:
1931 - Norcross-Bartlett expedition to North East Greenland,
1932 - Peary Memorial expedition to North West Greenland,
1933 - Norcross-Bartlett expedition to Foxe Basin,
1935 - Bartlett expedition to North West Greenland,

These are some of the other accomplishments and awards that Angel has received:
 Canadian Centennial Medal,
 honorary life membership, Canadian Cancer Society,
 life membership, Association of Professional Engineers of Newfoundland,
 honorary Doctor of Engineering Degree, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
 member, Order of Canada,
 gold medal award, Canadian Council of Professional Engineers.

See also
List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador

External links
Order of Canada, List of Newfoundland and Labrador Recipients

1913 births
1993 deaths
Members of the Order of Canada
People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Dominion of Newfoundland people

John Bartlett Angel


Adam Frost (born 21 August 1972) is a British author, best known for his children's books Ralph the Magic Rabbit (shortlisted for the Waterstones Children's Book Prize), The Epic Book of Epicness (winner of the Blue Peter Book Award) and The Awesome Book of Space (winner of the Sainsbury's Children's Book Award from BookTrust). He also designs information graphics for The Guardian, and teaches and writes on the subject.

Early life
Adam Frost was born in Epping and grew up in Buckhurst Hill, Essex. He attended Buckhurst Hill County High School. He earned a BA in English Literature from the University of Oxford and a PhD from the University of Cambridge. His dissertation was on the short stories of H.H. Munro ('Saki').

Career
Adam Frost published his first book Ralph the Magic Rabbit in 2006. It was shortlisted for the Waterstones Children's Book Prize. His second book, Harry, Rabbit on the Run followed in 2008. The Danny Danger series appeared in 2011-12, focussing on an 8-year-old boy who possesses a remote control that can rewind, fast forward and pause time. A series of books for London Zoo, centring on a zookeeper and his family, appeared in 2012-13. His first non-fiction book, The Awesome Book of Awesomeness, was published by Bloomsbury in 2014. His second, The Epic Book of Epicness followed in 2015 and won the 2016 Blue Peter Book Award - Best Book with Facts. The Fox Investigates series, centring on the exploits of a fox private eye, first appeared in 2015. A Brush with Danger, the first book in the series, was shortlisted for the Teach Primary Awards in 2016.

Frost also designs information graphics for The Guardian and other publications. His graphic with Zhenia Vasiliev, 'The 39 Stats', was awarded a Silver Medal in the 2013 Information is Beautiful Awards. Other graphics have focussed on the Gothic novel, entomophagy and the election of Pope Francis. His book on information design, Communicating with Data Visualisation, co-authored with Tobias Sturt, Jim Kynvin and Sergio Gallardo, appeared in December 2021.

Books

Children's books

Ralph the Magic Rabbit (Macmillan, 2006)
Harry, Rabbit on the Run (Macmillan, 2008)
Danny Danger and the Cosmic Remote (Nosy Crow, 2011)
Danny Danger and the Space Twister (Nosy Crow, 2012)
Stop! There's a Snake in Your Suitcase (Bloomsbury, 2012)
Run! The Elephant Weighs a Ton (Bloomsbury, 2012)
Catch That Bat! (Bloomsbury, 2013)
Hide! The Tiger's Mouth is Open Wide! (Bloomsbury, 2013)
The Awesome Book of Awesomeness (Bloomsbury, 2014)
The Epic Book of Epicness (Bloomsbury, 2015)
Fox Investigates: A Brush with Danger (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2015)
Fox Investigates: A Whiff of Mystery (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2015)
Fox Investigates: A Web of Lies (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2016)
The Awesome Body Book (Bloomsbury, 2016)
Fox Investigates: A Taste for Adventure (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2016)
Fox Investigates: A Trail of Trickery (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2016)
Fox Investigates: A Dash of Poison (Stripes/ Little Tiger, 2017)
The Book of Me! (Bloomsbury, 2017)
The Awesome Book of Animals (Bloomsbury, 2017)
Splat the Fake Fact! (Bloomsbury, 2018)
The Awesome Book of Space (Bloomsbury, 2018)
Utterly Unbelievable: Second World War (Puffin, 2019)
Dinos Love Numbers: Maths is Easy with Dinosaurs (Hachette, 2023)

Other books

Communicating with Data Visualisation (Sage, 2021)

References

External links

 Guardian profile page

British children's writers
1972 births
Living people
People from Epping
People from Buckhurst Hill

Adam Frost (writer)


Shed No Tears is a 1948 American film noir directed by Jean Yarbrough and starring Wallace Ford and June Vincent.

Plot
At the instigation of his wife Edna, used car salesman Sam Grover devises a scheme to collect on his $50,000 life insurance policy. After hurling a flaming unidentifiable corpse from the window of a burning hotel room registered in his name, Sam disguises himself and hides out in Washington, D.C. to await Edna.

Edna is to identify the corpse, which was wearing Sam's ring and wristwatch, and collect the insurance money. However, Tom, Sam's son by a prior marriage, hires a private detective, Huntington Stewart, to find out if his father's death was really an accident or if his stepmother murdered him. Stewart tricks Edna into disclosing that Sam is alive and blackmails her while stalling Tom. Edna, who had never intended to share the money with Sam, is in love with a young wastrel, Ray Belden, with whom she plans to leave the country. Sam returns and overhears Edna's plans, follows Belden and kills him. Tom, who has been following his father without recognizing him, hears the shots and reports to Stewart, who realizes that Sam has returned but does not tell Tom. Instead, he traces Sam and blackmails him too.

When Belden's body is discovered, police detective Hutton arrests Edna on suspicion of murder. She is released on bail and follows Stewart to Sam's hideout. Meanwhile, Tom, still unaware that his father is alive, receives $5,000 that Sam has sent him, Tom assumes that the money is a bribe from the real killer and goes to the police. The police follow Edna to Sam and when she learns that he killed Belden, she shoots him but falls to her death from the hotel window while struggling with Stewart. The police arrest Stewart and although Tom is remorseful at having enabled them to discover his father's crime, Sam tells him that he would rather pay the law's penalty than continue being blackmailed by Stewart.

Cast
 Wallace Ford as Sam Grover
 June Vincent as Edna Grover
 Mark Roberts as Ray Belden
 Frank Albertson as Lt. Hutton
 Richard Hogan as Tom Grover, Sam's son
 Elena Verdugo as Marilyn

References

External links

1948 films
1948 crime films
American crime films
American black-and-white films
Film noir
Eagle-Lion Films films
Films scored by Raoul Kraushaar
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Jean Yarbrough
1940s American films

Shed No Tears (1948 film)


Dies ist eine Liste der Orte in der zeremoniellen Grafschaft Hampshire in England.

A
Abbots Worthy -
Abbotstone -
Abbotts Ann -
Abbotts Ann Down -
Abbotts Barton -
Abbotswood -
Adbury -
Adhurst St Mary -
Alderholt -
Aldern Bridge -
Aldershot -
Allum Green -
Alresford, New -
Alresford, Old -
Alton -
Alverstoke -
Ampfield -
Amport -
Andover -
Andover Down -
Andwell -
Anna Valley -
Ansty -
Appleshaw -
Ash Vale -
Ashe -
Ashe Warren -
Ashford Hill -
Ashfield -
Ashlett -
Ashley -
Ashley Warren -
Ashurst -
Avington -
Awbridge -
Axford -
Axmansford

B
Baffins -
Bagnum -
Bank -
Bartley -
Barton on Sea -
Barton Stacey -
Basingstoke -
Bassett -
Bassett Green -
Baughurst -
Beaulieu -
Beauworth -
Bedhampton -
Beech -
Beggarwood -
Bentley -
Bentworth -
Bickton -
Bighton -
Binley -
Binsted -
Bishop's Green -
Bishop's Sutton -
Bishopstoke -
Bishop's Waltham -
Bisterne -
Bitterne -
Bitterne Park -
Bitterne Manor -
Blackfield -
Blackmoor -
Blacknest -
Blackwater -
Blashford -
Blendworth -
Blissford -
Boarhunt -
Bolderwood -
Boldre -
Bordean -
Bordon -
Botley -
Bournemouth -
Bradley -
Braishfield -
Brambridge -
Bramdean -
Bramley -
Bramley Corner -
Bramley Green -
Bramshaw -
Bramshill -
Bramshott -
Bransbury -
Breamore -
Brockenhurst -
Brook -
Brookheath -
Broughton -
Brown Candover -
Broxhill -
Buckland -
Bucklers Hard -
Bull Hill -
Burgate -
Burghclere -
Buriton -
Burkham -
Burley -
Burridge -
Bursledon -
Butlocks Heath -
Butser Hill

C
Cadnam -
Calmore -
Calshot -
Catherington -
Catisfield -
Chalton -
Chandler's Ford -
Charlton Down -
Charter Alley -
Chartwell Green -
Chattis Hill -
Chawton -
Cheriton -
Chilbolton -
Chilbolton Down -
Chilcomb -
Chilton Candover -
Chilworth -
Chineham -
Christchurch -
Chithurst -
Church Crookham -
Chute Cadley -
Chute Forest -

Chute Standen -
Clanfield -
Clanville -
Cliddesden -
Colden Common -
Cole Henley -
Colemore -
Compton -
Conford -
Conholt -
Copnor -
Copythorne -
Corhampton -
Cosham -
Cottonworth -
Cove -
Cowplain -
Crampmoor -
Crawley -
Crendell -
Cripplestyle -
Crockerhill -
Crondall -
Crookham Village -
Crow -
Curdridge

D
Damerham -
Deane -
Denmead -
Dibden -
Dibden Purlieu -
Ditcham -
Dogmersfield -
Downton -
Drayton -
Droxford -
Dummer -
Dunbridge -
Dunley -
Durford Wood -
Durley

E
East Anton -
East Boldre -
East Cholderton -
East End -
East Martin -
East Meon -
East Mills -
East Stratton -
East Tisted -
East Wellow -
East Woodhay -
East Worldham -
Eastern Docks -
Eastleigh -
Eastney -
Easton -
Eling -
Ellingham -
Ellisfield -
Elvetham -
Embley -
Emery Down -
Empshott -
Emsworth -
Enham Alamein -
Eversley -
Eversley Centre -
Eversley Cross -
Everton -
Ewshot -
Exbury -
Exbury Gardens -
Exton

F
Faberstown -
Faccombe -
Fair Oak -
Fareham -
Fareham Common -
Farleigh Wallop -
Farlington -
Farnborough -
Farringdon -
Fawley -
Finchdean -
Finkley -
Finkley Down -
Firgo -
Fishers Pond -
Fleet -
Flexcombe -
Fobdown -
Fordingbridge -
Forest Corner -
Forton -
Four Marks -
Fox Amport -
Foxcotte -
Fratton -
Freefolk -
Fritham -
Frogham -
Froxfield -
Froyle -
Fullerton -
Funtley -
Furze Hill -
Fyfield

G
Godshill -
Godshill Green -
Godshill Wood -
Goodworth Clatford -
Gore End -
Gorley Lynch -
Gosport -
Grateley -
Grayshott -
Great Shoddesden -
Greatham -
Greywell -
Griggs Green -
Gundleton

H
Hale -
Hale Park -
Hale Purlieu -
Hamble-le-Rice -
Hambledon -
Hangersley -
Hannington -
Harbridge -
Hardley -
Hardway -
Harestock -
Hare Warren -
Hartford Bridge -
Hartley Mauditt -
Hartley Wespall -
Hartley Wintney -
Hatch Warren -
Hatherden -
Havant -
Hawkley -
Hawley -
Hayling Island -
Hazeley Heath -
Headbourne Worthy -
Headley -
Headley Down
Heath End -
Heath House -
Heckfield -
Heckfield Heath -
Hedge End -
Herriard -
Highbridge -
Highclere -
Highcliffe -
Highfield -
Hightown -
Hightown Hill -
Highwood -
Hill Brow -
Hill Head -
Hillyfields -
Hilsea -
Hinton -
Hinton Admiral -
Hinton Ampner -
Hinton Daubney -
Holbury -
Hollywater -
Holm Mills -
Holybourne -
Hook, Basingstoke -
Hook, Warsash -
Hook Common -
Hordle -
Horndean -
Horsebridge -
Horton Heath -
Houghton -
Houghton Down -
Hound -
Hound Green -
Horndean -
Hungerford -
Hurn -
Hursley -
Hurst -
Hurstbourne Priors -
Hurstbourne Tarrant -
Hyde -
Hythe -
Hythe Marina Village

I
Ibsley -
Ibthorpe -
Ibworth -
Idsworth -
Inhurst -
Isington -
Itchen Abbas -
Itchen Stoke

K
Kings Worthy -
Kempshott -
Keyhaven -
Kilmeston -
Kimbridge -
Kimpton -
Kimpton Down -
Kings Somborne -
Kings Worthy -
Kingsclere -
Kingston -
Knights Enham -
Knightwood -
Knowle

L
Langley -
Langrish -
Langstone -
Lasham -
Laverstoke -
Leckford -
Lee -
Lee-On-The-Solent -
Leigh Park -
Lepe -
Linbrook -
Linch -
Lindford -
Linford -
Linkenholt -
Linwood -
Liphook -
Liss -
Litchfield -
Little Ann -
Little Down -
Little Hatherden -
Little London (Andover) -
Little London (Tadley) -
Little Park -
Little Posbrook -
Little Shoddesden -
Little Somborne -
Littleton -
Lockerley -
Locks Heath -
Long Common -
Long Sutton -
Longmoor -
Longparish -
Longstock -
Longstock Park -
Lopshill -
Lovedean -
Lower Chute -
Lower Clatford -
Lower Daggons -
Lower Farringdon -
Lower Froyle -
Lower Swanwick -
Lower Upham -
Lower Wield -
Lower Woodcott -
Lower Wyke -
Ludgershall -
Lychpit -
Lymington -
Lyndhurst

M
Malshanger -
Mapledurwell -
Marchwood -
Marsh Court -
Martin -
Martyr Worthy -
Matchams -
Mattingley -
Medstead -
Meon -
Meonstoke -
Micheldever -
Michelmersh -
Middle Wallop -
Middle Wyke -
Midgham -
Milford on Sea -
Milland -
Milton -
Minstead -
Mislingford -
Mockbeggar -
Monk Sherborne -
Monkwood -
Monxton -
Morestead -
Mortimer West End -
Mottisfont -
Moundsmere

N
Nately Scures -
Neatham -
Nether Wallop -
Netherton -
Netley -
Netley Abbey -
New Alresford -
Newbridge -
New Forest -
New Milton -
Newfound -
Newnham -
Newton Stacey -
Newton Valence -
Newtown -
Newtown Common -
Norley Wood -
North Baddesley -
North Boarhunt -
North End -
North Gorley -
North Houghton -
North Oakley -
North Stoneham -
North Sydmonton -
North Waltham -
North Warnborough -
Northington -
Northington Down -
Nursling -
Nursted -
Nutley -
Nyewood

O
Oakhanger -
Oakley -
Ocean Village -
Odiham -
Ogdens -
Old Alresford -
Old Basing -
Old Bursledon -
Ossemsley -
Otterbourne -
Over Wallop -
Overton -
Over Wallop -
Ovington -
Ower -
Owslebury -
Owslebury Bottom

P
Palestine -
Pamber End -
Pamber Green -
Pamber Heath -
Paulsgrove -
Park Gate -
Passfield -
Pennington -
Penton Corner -
Penton Grafton -
Penton Harroway -
Penton Mewsey -
Penwood -
Perham Down -
Petersfield -
Phoenix Green -
Picket Hill -
Picket Piece -
Picket Post -
Picket Twenty -
Pilcott -
Pill Heath -
Pilley -
Pitt -
Plaitford -
Plastow Green -
Plumley -
Port Solent -
Portchester -
Portmore -
Portsea -
Portsmouth -
Poulner -
Preston Candover -
Prinsted -
Priors Dean -
Privett -
Purbrook -
Purbrook Heath -

Q
Quarley

R
Rafborough -
Ragged Appleshaw -
Rake -
Ramridge Park -
Ramsdean -
Ramsdell -
Red Post Bridge -
Red Rice -
Redenham -
Redenham Park -
Ringwood -
Rockbourne -
Rockford -
Rogate -
Romsey -
Ropley -
Rotherwick -
Rowlands Castle -
Rownhams

S
Sandford -
Sandleheath -
Sarisbury -
Sarisbury Green -
Segensworth West -
Selborne -
Shalden -
Shawford -
Shedfield -
Sheet -
Selborne -
Shedfield -
Sherborne St John -
Sherfield English -
Sherfield on Loddon -
Shipton Bellinger -
Shirrell Heath -
Shobley -
Shootash -
Silchester -
Sleaford -
Smannell -
Soberton -
Somerley -
Somerstown -
South Baddesley -
South Boarhunt -
South Gorley -
South Harewood -
South Litchfield -
South Tidworth -
South Warnborough -
South Wonston -
Southampton -
Southbourne -
Southsea -
Southwick -
Sparsholt -
St Cross -
St Ives -
St Leonards -
St Mary Bourne -
Stamshaw -
Standford -
Stansted -
Stansted Park -
Steep -
Steep Marsh -
Steventon -
Stockbridge -
Stoke -
Stoke Charity -
Stokes Bay -
Stoney Cross -
Stratfield Turgis -
Stroud -
Stubbington -
Stuckton -
Stratfield Saye -
Stratfield Turgis -
Stubbington -
Sutton Scotney -
Swanmore -
Swanwick -
Swarraton -
Sway

T
Tadley -
Tangley -
Temple Valley -
Thedden -
Thruxton -
Thruxton Down -
Tichborne -
Tidworth -
Tile Barn -
Timsbury -
Tinkers Cross -
Tipner -
Tiptoe -
Titchfield -
Totton and Eling -
Trotton -
Tufton -
Tufton Warren -
Tunworth -
Turgis Green -
Turmer -
Twyford -
Twyford Moors

U
Up Nately -
Up Somborne -
Upham -
Upper Chute -
Upper Clatford -
Upper Enham -
Upper Farringdon -
Upper Froyle -
Upper Wield -
Upper Woodcott -
Upper Wootton -
Upton -
Upton Grey

V
Vernham Dean -
Vernham Street

W
Wadwick -
Waggoners Wells -
Walhampton -
Waltham Chase -
Warblington -
Warnford -
Warsash -
Waterlooville -
Weeke -
Well -
Wellow -
Wells-in-the-Field -
West End -
West Heath -
West Meon -
West Stratton -
West Tisted -
West Wellow -
West Worldham -
Westbourne -
Western Docks -
Weston -
Weston Colley -
Weston Corbett -
Weston Patrick -
Weyhill -
Wherwell -
Wherwell Wood -
Whitchurch -
Whitehill -
Whiteley -
Whitnal -
Whitsbury -
Whitsbury Common -
Whitsbury Cross -
Whitway -
Wickham -
Wickham Common -
Widley -
Wildhern -
Winchester -
Winchfield -
Winklebury -
Winslade -
Winsor -
Wintershill -
Wivelrod -
Wolverton -
Wolverton Common -
Wonston -
Wood End -
Woodgreen -
Woodlands -
Woodmancote -
Woodmancott -
Woolmer -
Woolston -
Woolton Hill -
Wootton St Lawrence -
Worlds End -
Worthy Down -
Worting -
Wyck -
Wymering

Y
Yateley

Einzelnachweise

!Liste Der Orte In Hampshire

Liste der Orte in Hampshire


During the American Civil War, the Union meant the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty free states and five border states. It was opposed by 11 Southern slave states. The Union states included the Western states of California, Oregon, and (after 1864) Nevada. They also included states then called the "Old Northwest" and now usually thought to be part of the Midwest. However, the Union has been also often called "the North", both then and now. The Union states were mostly richer and more industrialized.

The Union states were:

Related pages
Union Army

References

Union (American Civil War)


J. P. (Jeja-Pekka) Roos (born April 30, 1945, in Helsinki) is a Finnish sociologist and former President of the European Sociological Association. Before his retirement, he was a professor in social policy at the University of Helsinki.

Roos studied in the University of Chicago, and taught at UCLA, University of Geneva, EHESS in Paris, University of Minnesota.

His main research areas are Evolutionary sociology, generations, especially the baby boomers' generation, life stories and autobiographies, human rights in child protection, the social impact of mobile phones, intellectuals, well-being and ways of life in Finland in relation to social policy and social structure. He has published more than 200 scientific books and articles.

In the 1980s and 1990s he worked with the comparative use of the life story approach, in particular in Russia, the Baltic and Northern Europe, and the question of men's life (and life stories) in Finland. He has participated in the organization of several autobiographical collections for the "ordinary people" and used this material in his work. His best known theoretical contribution is a typology of Finnish generations in the 20th century. Another is the concept of happiness barrier, which denotes the tendency to present one's life as much happier than it really is.

In 2006 he started a Finnish project (with European comparative data) about the interactions between the baby boomer generation with both its parents and children. He has also become interested in theory of evolution and evolutionary sociology, and has been President of the Darwin Society in Finland. He is also known as a supporter and defender of Tatu Vanhanen and Richard Lynn's controversial research on race and IQ.

Roos is a full member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences from 1995.
He has translated and introduced Pierre Bourdieu's Questions de sociologie, into Finnish.

At younger age, Roos was known as a communist supporting the Soviet system, but resigned from the Communist Party of Finland in the early 1980s.

References

Sources
Kuka kukin on 2008. Otava 2008.
Suomen Professorit (ed. by Leena Ellonen). Gummerus 2008

External links
 Home page

Finnish communists
Finnish sociologists
Finnish anthropologists
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
1945 births
Living people
Social anthropologists

Jeja-Pekka Roos


Manuel Barrueco (born December 16, 1952) is a Cuban classical guitarist. During three decades of concert performances he has performed and recorded across the United States and has been involved in many successful collaborations. In addition, he teaches at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.

Career

Barrueco was born in Cuba on December 16, 1952. Manuel Barrueco began playing the guitar at the age of eight, and he attended the Esteban Salas Conservatory in his native Cuba. He immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 as political refugees. His first recordings aroused excitement about his skills and musical interpretation. Ever since, Barrueco has toured extensively, appearing in some of the world's most important musical centers, including New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, London, Munich, Madrid, Barcelona, Milan, Rome, Copenhagen, Athens, South Korea, Taipei, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan.

Barrueco has made well over a dozen recordings for EMI, including his 2006 album, ¡Cuba!, which was called "an extraordinary musical achievement" by the San Francisco Chronicle, while his recording of Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez with conductor/tenor Plácido Domingo and the Philharmonia Orchestra, was mentioned as the best recording of that piece in Classic CD Magazine. His Nylon & Steel, is a collection of duos with guitar greats: Al Di Meola, Steve Morse (Deep Purple), and Andy Summers (The Police), further demonstrating Barrueco's outstanding versatility and imaginative programming. In the spring of 2006, Concierto Barroco was released by EMI in Europe and Koch International in the United States, containing world premiere recordings of new works for guitar and orchestra by Roberto Sierra and Arvo Pärt, as well as two guitar concertos by Antonio Vivaldi.

In 2007 Manuel Barrueco received a Grammy nomination for the "Best Instrumental Soloist Performance" for his "Solo Piazzolla", which was the first recording to be released on the exclusive Manuel Barrueco Collection on Tonar Music. Tango Sensations and Sounds of the Americas came out subsequently in collaboration with the Cuarteto Latinoamericano, the latter received a Latin Grammy Award for "Inca Dances" by Gabriela Lena Frank for "Best Classical Contemporary Composition." "Guitar Duos" was released in 2009 and includes the most breathtaking guitar duos from the Spanish and Latin-American repertoire. In 2010 he released a solo recording, "Tárrega!", which includes works and arrangements of the Spanish composer Francisco Tárrega and which received a Latin Grammy nomination for "Best Classical Album." His latest release Chaconne–A Baroque Recital came out in 2012.

In October 2013 he released Medea, which includes Barrueco's arrangement of the ballet by flamenco guitarist/composer Manolo Sanlúcar recorded with the Tenerife Symphony Orchestra and Víctor Pablo Pérez conducting, and in May 2014 he released China West, a recording of guitar trios in collaboration with his protégés, the Beijing Guitar Duo (Su Meng & Wang Yameng).

Barrueco's commitment to contemporary music and to the expansion of the guitar repertoire has led him to collaborations with many distinguished composers such as Steven Stucky, Michael Daugherty, Roberto Sierra, Arvo Pärt, Jonathan Leshnoff, Gabriela Lena Frank, Dmitri Yanov-Yanovsky, and Toru Takemitsu, whose last orchestral work Spectral Canticle was a double concerto written specifically for Manuel Barrueco and violinist Frank Peter Zimmerman.

His performances have been broadcast by television stations such as NHK in Japan, Bayerischer Rundfunk in Germany, and RTVE in Spain. In the United States, he has been featured in a Lexus car commercial, on CBS Sunday Morning, A&E's Breakfast with the Arts, and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. A one-hour documentary portrait, Manuel Barrueco: A Gift and a Life, was produced in 2006. It includes several performances and interviews, in one of which he reminisces over his childhood years in Cuba, and pledges never to return until the present communist regime has come to an end.

Awards
In 1974, at the age of 22, he became the first classical guitarist to receive the Concert Artists Guild Award.

In 2012 Barrueco was named a Fontanals Fellow of United States Artists.

See also

Classical guitar in Cuba

References

External links
 Official Homepage
 Record company Tonar
 Some photos of LP covers (Oviatt Library Digital Collections)
 Interview with UrbanGuitar.com
 Interview with Paul Magnussen for Guitar magazine (Apr 1983)
 Interview with Greg Szeto for Aural States (Dec 2007) alt.
 In Session: Manuel Barrueco Forum GFA "Guitar Foundation of America"
 Leo Brouwer and Manuel Barrueco Interviews by David Reynolds
https://peabody.jhu.edu/faculty/manuel-barrueco/

1952 births
Cuban classical guitarists
Cuban male guitarists
Johns Hopkins University faculty
MNRK Music Group artists
Living people
Peabody Institute faculty

Manuel Barrueco


Mew (ミュウ, Myuu) is a fictional character from the Pokémon franchise. In the Pokémon video games, it is a Psychic-type secret Pokémon that was discovered in the first group of Pokémon games: Pokémon Red and Blue, Green, and Yellow. Mew is the Red/Blue/Green/Yellow counterpart to the Gold/Silver/Crystal Celebi and the Ruby/Sapphire/Emerald Jirachi.

The name "Mew" refers to the sound made by a cat. Mew was secretly put in the game by one of the lead programmers, Shigeki Morimoto. When the Game Freak president, Satoshi Tajiri, found out about it, he told about it being in the game.

Mew is #151 in the Pokédex and could only be obtained through special events or by using a cheating device like Gameshark, or a game-enhancing device. Mew can also be obtained in the original issues of the Pokémon yellow and blue (US) by "cheat". If you get a Pokémon early on (before going to Misty's gym or defeating man to the left of the nugget bridge) that has growl (charmander has it from the start) and an Abra or a Pokémon that can fly but you can't fly this early in game (you can get an abra in the grass next to the nugget bridge but be careful not to battle the man standing above that grass he's needed later). After this go to the health center and heal, then go to the top of the nugget bridge and save. Head down to Misty's gym, go straight and take a right and challenge hit the guy trainer in a pool to the right use growl 6 times on his shelder then defeat him. Go back to the fight a Pokémon that's low enough in level not to level your Mew up to level 2, it will automatically level up to 100.

Mewtwo

Mewtwo is a "Genetic" species of Pokémon that is number 150 in the Pokédex. Mewtwo was cloned from Mew by scientists. It is a Psychic type Pokémon. Mewtwo appeared in two movies: Pokémon: The First Movie and Pokémon: Mewtwo Returns.

In Pokémon Red and Blue the player first learns of Mewtwo by research papers left in a ruined laboratory on Cinnabar Island. Mewtwo is told to be a mutant child of Mew made after years of work by one scientist. Mewtwo is obtainable in the Cerulean Cave, which opens after defeating the Elite Four. In the remakes Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen the player now has to  get 60 Pokédex entries before they can go in the cave.

In Pokémon X and Y, Mewtwo can be found in the Unknown Dungeon after entering the Hall of Fame. It can Mega Evolve into two different forms: Mega Mewtwo X using Mewtwonite X and Mega Mewtwo Y using Mewtwonite Y.

Mewtwo is a character in Super Smash Bros. Melee, and is one of eleven playable characters that can be unlocked in the game. 	It uses the moves Shadow Ball, Confusion, Teleport, and Disable

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1996
Mew

Mew (Pokémon)


The Battle of Camp Wildcat (also known as Wildcat Mountain and Camp Wild Cat) was one of the early engagements of the American Civil War (Civil War). It occurred October 21, 1861, in northern Laurel County, Kentucky during the campaign known as the Kentucky Confederate Offensive or Operations in Eastern Kentucky (1861). The battle is considered one of the first Union victories of the Civil War, and marked the second engagement of troops in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

Background

Kentucky neutrality
On April 15, 1861, at the outbreak of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln called upon the States remaining in the Union to provide volunteers to suppress the insurrection in the seven States which had seceded from the Union by that date. Pro-Confederate Kentucky Governor Beriah Magoffin refused to send troops, but since the majority of the members of the Kentucky General Assembly were pro-Union, Lincoln's call for volunteers did not prompt the State to secede. On May 16, a Kentucky legislative committee recommended that the State remain neutral in the conflict and Governor Magoffin proclaimed the State's neutrality on May 20.

In elections on August 5, 1861, Kentucky voters returned a veto-proof majority of pro-Union members to the House of Representatives and Senate. On August 6, 1861, Camp Dick Robinson, a Union camp, was established near Lexington. On September 2, 1861, the Kentucky General Assembly raised the U.S. flag over the Kentucky State Capitol at Frankfort.

Confederate movements
On September 3, 1861, Confederate Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk ordered Brig. Gen. Gideon Pillow to seize Columbus, Kentucky on the Mississippi River before Union forces could do so. This ended Kentucky's neutrality, led to Union Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's seizure of Paducah, Kentucky on September 6, 1861, and other military movements and actions by both Union and Confederate armies in Kentucky soon afterwards.

Brig. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer's Confederates had moved from Tennessee to push from the Cumberland Gap into central Kentucky in an effort to gain control of that important border state. On September 14, 1861, ten days after his 5,400-man force left their base, Zollicoffer occupied the Cumberland Gap and took a position at the Cumberland Ford (near present-day Pineville, Kentucky) to counter Unionist activity in the area, where Union supporters had been organizing and training recruits from Kentucky and east Tennessee at Camp Andrew Johnson near Barbourville, Kentucky.

Battle of Barboursville and aftermath
On September 19, 1861, Zollicoffer sent about 800 men under Col. Joel A. Battle against Camp Andrew Johnson, which had largely been vacated, with the Union recruits having moved to nearby Camp Dick Robinson, where several thousand Federal troops were gathered under the command of Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas. As Battle's men approached Camp Johnson, they met a force of 300 pro-Union Home Guards under Capt. Isaac J. Black, who hastily removed the planking from the bridge to prevent the Confederates from crossing it. Sharp skirmishing broke out, but Battle's superior numbers prevailed and Zollicoffer's Confederates drove off Battle's men, with the Union force suffering 1 killed, 1 wounded and 13 captured and the Confederates losing 7 dead. His men seized the camp, destroyed the buildings, and captured the arms and equipment left behind by the retreating recruits.

Although Zollicoffer briefly withdrew to his camp at Cumberland Ford near Cumberland Gap, he sent a detachment of his men to drive off another Union Home Guard force at a camp at Laurel Bridge, in Laurel County, Kentucky soon after the Battle of Barboursville. On September 28, another Confederate detachment seized 200 barrels of salt and destroyed the Goose Creek Salt Works in Clay County, Kentucky. They returned to camp at Cumberland Ford on September 30. On October 16, Zollicoffer returned to the offensive in an effort to move into central Kentucky.

Union Army response
In response to Zollicoffer's actions, Union Brig. Gen. Thomas sent troops under Col. Theophilus T. Garrard to set up Camp Wildcat at Rockcastle Hills, near London, Kentucky, at the base of Wildcat Mountain  north of the salt works, in order to secure the ford on the Rockcastle River, and to obstruct the Wilderness Road passing through the area.

Col. Garrard informed Gen. Thomas that if he did not receive reinforcements, he would have to retreat. He reported he was outnumbered seven to one. Thomas sent Brig. Gen. Albin F. Schoepf with what amounted to a brigade of men to Col. Garrard, bringing the total Union force to about 7,000. Schoepf arrived on October 20, 1861, a day before Zollicoffer moved against the camp.

The Union force awaited Zollicoffer's Confederate troops who had to pass the stronghold at Camp Wildcat to proceed into central Kentucky. Zollicoffer was unaware that the camp had been reinforced and further mistook a column of Union reinforcements arriving during the afternoon of October 20 as the entire Union force preparing for battle. Union pickets skirmished with the Confederates on the evening of October 20 and returned to camp to report that a large Confederate force was nearby.

Battle

As the Confederates started up the Wilderness Road on the morning of October 21, 1861, Gen. Schoepf moved four companies of the 33rd Indiana Infantry Regiment, 350 men,  to the east of Camp Wildcat to Round Hill, a steep, high point along the road. Confederate pickets attacked the Union force just after they arrived at Round Hill, but the Confederates soon withdrew to report the situation to Gen. Zollicoffer. Zollicoffer sent most of two regiments, the 11th Tennessee Infantry Regiment and several companies of the 17th Tennessee Infantry Regiment to attack the Union detachment at Round Hill. Just before the attack, the companies from the 33rd Indiana were reinforced by 250 men of the 1st Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (U.S.) and a small number of home guards. The Confederate regiments attacked the steep hill but after an hour of fighting the 11th Tennessee Infantry retreated. Soon thereafter Union reinforcements arrived, forcing the 17th Tennessee Infantry to retreat as well.

Zollicoffer then sent the 29th Tennessee Infantry Regiment and several companies of the 17th Tennessee Infantry to attack a location called the South Rim across the road from Round Hill. By then, the Union had fortified this point and the Confederate attack on this point also failed. Later, the Confederates failed to detect a gap between the 33rd Indiana Infantry and the 7th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment (U.S.) before Col. Garrard sent reinforcements to close it. With casualties mounting to no effect, Zollicoffer ceased attacking the Union position. The Confederates withdrew during the night. They continued their retreat to Cumberland Ford, which they reached on October 26.

Aftermath
Union casualties were 5 killed and 20 wounded while the Confederates suffered 11 killed and 42 wounded or missing.

After Union Army defeats earlier in the year, especially at the Battle of Big Bethel and First Battle of Bull Run, and on the same day at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, a Union victory was welcomed in the North.

In November, the Union force completed the Big Sandy Expedition. This set the stage for the Battle of Mill Springs and the death of Gen. Zollicoffer on January 19, 1862.

Battlefield
The battlefield, about nine miles northwest of modern-day London, Kentucky, is located on land held by the Daniel Boone National Forest and is in private hands. The Confederate Monument at Crab Orchard miles to the west memorializes some of the Confederates that died at the battle.

Much of the battlefield, almost , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Another  area, embracing two sections of the battlefield that had been designated historical archaeological sites, was added to the original designation in 2006. The American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 264 acres of the battlefield as of mid-2023.

See also
 List of battles fought in Kentucky

Notes

Citations

References
 Brown, Kent Masterson. The Civil War in Kentucky: Battle for the Bluegrass State. Conshohocken, PA: Da Capo Press, 2000. .
 Clark, Donald A. The Notorious "Bull" Nelson: Murdered Civil War General. Carbondale, IL: SIU Press, 2011. .
 Daniel, Larry J. Days of Glory: The Army of the Cumberland, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. .
 Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
 Fowler, John D. Mountaineers in Gray: The Nineteenth Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004. . Retrieved June 26, 2014.
 Hearn, Chester G. The Civil War State by State. Devon: RedBlue Press, 2011. Maps by Mike Marino. .

 Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. .
 McKnight, Brian D. Contested Borderland: The Civil War in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 2006. Paperback edition: 2012. .
 Sanders, Stuart W. The Battle of Mill Springs Kentucky. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2013. .

Further reading
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
 National Park Service battle description
 Commonwealth of Kentucky webpage for Camp Wildcat
 CWSAC Report Update

External links
 Camp Wildcat Preservation Foundation
 Reenactment of the Battle of Camp Wildcat

Battles of the Operations in Eastern Kentucky of the American Civil War
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
Battles of the American Civil War in Kentucky
Union victories of the American Civil War
1861 in Kentucky
1861 in the American Civil War
Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Laurel County, Kentucky
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
October 1861 events

Battle of Camp Wildcat


Villagization (sometimes also spelled villagisation) is the usually compulsory resettlement of people into designated villages by government or military authorities.

Security
Villagization may be used as a tactic by a government or military power to facilitate control over a previously scattered rural population believed to harbour disloyal or rebel elements.  Examples include Indian removal to reservations by the U.S. government, General Order No. 11 (1863) in the American Civil War, the British New Villages programme to defeat communist insurgents during the Malayan Emergency, the U.S. "Strategic Hamlet Program" in the Vietnam War and the "protected villages" strategy adopted by Rhodesia, Mozambique, and Uganda in combating modern insurgencies.

The British authorities in Colonial Kenya used a similar approach to exert control over Kikuyu tribespeople during the Mau Mau Uprising, which in turn inspired the "Manyatta" strategy of independent Kenya against ethnic Somalis during the Shifta War.  However, forced resettlement may sometimes be counter-productive where it increases resentment among an already restive population against the ruling regime.

Economic
Villagization may also be used as part of a programme of collectivization of farming and other economic activity, as in Tanzania under the Ujamaa policy set out in the Arusha Declaration, and in Ethiopia, particularly under Mengistu's administration.

See also
 Reductions - villagisation by Spain in Latin America, the Philippines, and the Mariana Islands
Villagization (Ethiopia)

References

Counterinsurgency
Political terminology
Forced migration
Types of village

Villagization