Raden Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa, more commonly known as Marty Natalegawa (born 22 March 1963 in Bandung, West Java), is an Indonesian diplomat and was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He served as Indonesia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 5 September 2007 until his latest appointment and has also served as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom and as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.

Early life and education
Natalegawa was born in Bandung, West Java. He is the youngest son of Sonson Natalegawa, who was a former director of a state-owned bank. Natalegawa is of Sundanese descent.

Natalegawa went to school at Ellesmere College and Concord College in the United Kingdom, from 1976 to 1981. He earned a BSc at the London School of Economics in 1984. He then went on to study at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge where he was awarded a Master of Philosophy in 1985. Natalegawa also obtained a Doctor of Philosophy at the Australian National University in 1993. He was conferred an Honorary Doctorate in International Relations from the University of Cambodia in 2010.

Career
He started his career in the then-Department of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia in 1986 as a staff at the Research and Development Centre. His first service in the Permanent Mission of Indonesia the United Nations in New York was between 1994 and 1999, including during Indonesia's membership of the Security Council in 1996–1997.

Upon his return to Jakarta, between 2002 and 2005, he consecutively served as the Chief of Staff of the Office of the Minister for Foreign Affairs and as the Director General for ASEAN Cooperation in the Department of Foreign Affairs. While serving in the aforementioned posts, he concurrently served the position of Spokesperson of the Department of Foreign Affairs.

On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia – United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Tony Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia – United Kingdom Partnership Forum.

On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014.

In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George.

Family life
Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Indonesian Muslims
People from Bandung
Sundanese people
Indonesian diplomats
People educated at Ellesmere College
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Ambassadors of Indonesia to the United Kingdom
Permanent Representatives of Indonesia to the United Nations
Foreign ministers of Indonesia
People educated at Concord College, Acton Burnell
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

Marty Natalegawa


The Manxman  is a 1929 British silent romance film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Anny Ondra, Carl Brisson and Malcolm Keen. The film is based on a popular 1894 romantic novel The Manxman by Hall Caine, which had previously been made into a film 13 years earlier. It was the last fully silent production that Hitchcock directed before he made the transition to sound film with his next film Blackmail (1929).

Cast
 Carl Brisson as Pete Quilliam
 Malcolm Keen as Philip Christian
 Anny Ondra as Kate Cregeen
 Randle Ayrton as Caesar Cregeen
 Clare Greet as Mother (as Claire Greet)
 Harry Terry as Man (uncredited)
 Kim Peacock as Ross Christian (uncredited)
 Wilfred Shine as Doctor (uncredited)
 Nellie Richards as Wardress (uncredited)

Plot

The film tells the story of two close childhood friends, a handsome but poor fisherman, Pete Quilliam (Carl Brisson), and a well-educated middle-class lawyer, Philip Christian (Malcolm Keen); Both the young men are smitten with beautiful and lively Kate (Anny Ondra), the pub owner's daughter. In Pete's case, Kate is also interested in him, or at least she enjoys having him as a suitor.

Pete proposes, asking Philip to make the case to Kate's dour father, Caesar Cregeen (Randle Ayrton). Cregeen refuses to consent to the marriage, because Pete is penniless. Pete decides to go to Africa to make his fortune, so he will be considered eligible to marry her, and he asks Kate if she will wait for him to return. At first she jokes around, but finally she says yes. Pete then asks Philip to take care of Kate until he returns.

In his absence, Philip starts calling on Kate almost every day. Kate and Philip become strongly attracted to one another, and start an affair while visiting an old mill.

News reaches the village that Pete has been killed in Africa. Philip and Kate are shocked but Kate is relieved to realize that they can now plan their lives together. Philip's career has been going well, and he is preparing to assume the powerful position of Deemster, the island's chief magistrate.

However, it then turns out that a dead man was misidentified as Pete, who is still alive and prospering in Africa. He lets Philip know via telegram that he is returning. Philip urges Kate not to break her promise to marry Pete, allowing him to continue with his career. Pete arrives shortly after the telegram and is extremely happy to be back to his village and see his old sweetheart. Old Caesar is now delighted to agree to Kate marrying Pete. The wedding reception is celebrated in the old mill, where Old Caesar sternly warns the newlyweds to remember that God will punish anyone who violates the vows of marriage.

Kate is still in love with Philip, and can hardly bear to be married to Pete.

As the weeks pass, Pete is thrilled to find out that Kate is pregnant, and he naturally assumes he is the father. When Kate's daughter is born, Kate is desperate and decides to leave Pete. She walks out, leaving her baby behind, and a note saying that she had loved another man, and still loves him. Pete is deeply hurt by this, but puts on a brave face and tells the villagers that Kate has gone to London for a short rest. During the weeks she is gone, Pete proves himself to be a wonderful father, taking care of the baby very well, and comforting himself by believing that although Kate has gone, he still has their baby to love.

Kate persuades Philip to hide her at his law offices, hoping she can still somehow have a life with him. However, Philip is about to become the Deemster, and he is unwilling to ruin his career by running off with her. Frustrated and distraught, Kate returns to the house to take the baby. She tells Pete he is not the baby's father. Pete is stunned and refuses to believe her. He also refuses to give up the child. In desperation, Kate leaves the house and tries to commit suicide by throwing herself off the quay, but is rescued by a policeman. Attempted suicide is classified as a crime, and Kate is brought to trial on the first day that Philip serves as Deemster. Now Philip is stunned and hardly knows what to do. When Pete appears in the courtroom to plead for his wife, Philip agrees to hand Kate over to him. But Kate refuses to go. Kate's father, Old Caesar, who is watching carefully, finally understands that Kate and Philip had an affair. Philip publicly admits his extreme moral failings. He removes his wig and surrenders his official position, and then leaves the court.

In the final scene, Philip and Kate arrive at Pete's house to take away the baby. Kate picks up the child, while Philip and Pete stand at opposite ends of the room. She brings the child over to Pete to say one last goodbye, and he breaks down. Philip and Kate leave the cottage to the jeers and condemnation of the villagers, who have been watching the scene through the windows.

Having lost everything, Pete sets sail again.

Production
The Manxman began filming on the Isle of Man, but Hitchcock eventually relocated production to Polperro, Cornwall due to frequent creative interference from author Hall Caine, who lived on the Isle of Man. Other scenes were shot at British International Pictures' Elstree Studios, to which Caine was invited to observe. The director began work on the film just two weeks after the birth of his daughter Patricia Hitchcock.

Preservation and home video status
A restoration of The Manxman was completed in 2012 as part of the BFI's £2 million "Save the Hitchcock 9" project to restore all of the director's surviving silent films.

Like Hitchcock's other British films, all of which are copyrighted worldwide, The Manxman has been heavily bootlegged on home video. Various licensed, restored releases have appeared on DVD, Blu-ray and video on demand services from Optimum in the UK, Lionsgate and Kino Lorber in the US, and many others.

At the end of 2024, The Manxman will enter the public domain in the United States but only in its non-restored, scoreless form. It will remain copyrighted in the rest of the world until the end of 2050.

References

External links

 The Manxman at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
 Alfred Hitchcock Collectors' Guide: The Manxman at Brenton Film

1929 films
Films based on British novels
Films directed by Alfred Hitchcock
British black-and-white films
Films shot at British International Pictures Studios
British silent feature films
Manx culture
Films set on the Isle of Man
Films set in the British Empire
Films shot in England
1929 drama films
Remakes of British films
1920s English-language films
1920s British films
Silent British drama films
Films based on works by Hall Caine

The Manxman (1929 film)


Major Nguyễn Văn Nhung (1919 or 1920 – 31 January 1964) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He was also a professional killer.

He joined the French Army in 1944. This was when Vietnam was still ruled by France. During the First Indochina War, he left the French Army and joined Vietnamese National Army, which was supported by France. After the Republic of Vietnam was formed, he became a soldier of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. In November 1963, he killed President Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother.

1920s births
1964 deaths
Assassins
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnamese military people

Nguyen Van Nhung


Nagamaki is a Japanese pole weapon with a large and heavy blade. It is very much like a glaive. It was introduced and used primarily during the Kamakura (1192 - 1333), Nanbokucho (1334 - 1392) and early Muromachi (1392 – 1573) periods. It was a long sword with 2–4 foot blade and a handle with 2–3 foot length. The blade was single-edged. It was also sharpened along the back edge to reduce its weight. It looks similar to a traditional naginata, but the main difference was that the handle (tsuka) of the nagamaki was not constructed of wood; it was made more like a katana handle. Even the name "nagamaki" is given by the tradition of handle wrapping. The word "nagamaki" means "long wrapping". The nagamaki handle was wrapped with cords in criss-crossed manner, very similar to the wrapping that is made on katana. The nagamaki is considered to be a type of the no-dachi sword. This one was a variation of long samurai sword.

The way to hold nagamaki was also very specific. It was held with the two hands in a fixed position in the same way a katana sword is held. Unlike the naginata, the hands did not change when handling the weapon and the right hand was always the closest to the blade. While handling nagamaki not too many sliding actions on the handle were performed as it was in naginata's case, where you use the entire length of the shaft. The nagamaki was not spread and developed until much later like the naginata sword. During the middle of the Muromachi period (1336-1600 A.D.) it reached its peak of usage.

The nagamaki is designed for large sweeping and slicing strokes. It also works as a spear. Traditionally, it was used as an infantry weapon. Warriors used the weapon against horsemen. Still, it required more time and materials to create a nagamaki than a spears or a naginata sword, this is why it was not so widely spread.

The closest exemplar of real nagamaki you can see today is nagamaki-naoshi. It appears to be like a long katana-shaped glaive but straighter and thinner, with a very long handle. In contrast to it naginata is shorter, wider and more curved to the tip.

Other websites
Japanese sword etiquette

Japanese swords

Nagamaki


Arturo Barea Ogazón (20 September 1897 – 24 December 1957) was a Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer. After the Spanish Civil War, Barea left with his wife Ilsa Barea to live in exile in England where he died.

Biography

Barea was born in Badajoz, of humble origins. His father died when he was four months old, so his mother, with four young children to support, worked as a laundress, washing clothes in the River Manzanares, while the family lived in a garret in the poor Lavapiés district of Madrid. Barea was semi-adopted by his aunt and uncle who were prosperous enough to send him to school. This resulted in his first experience of the class divisions that riddled Spanish society, when his own sister accused him of "acting the gentleman" while she worked as a servant. He left school aged 13 and got a job at a bank as an office boy and copyist, though did not become a fully paid employee for another year. He later quit after being fined for breaking a glass-plate desk cover.

Barea served his compulsory military service in Ceuta and Morocco. Reenlisting as a regular soldier he rose to the rank of sergeant in an Engineers regiment of the Spanish Army and saw action in the Rif War. He began writing and published some poems. He then worked in an office registering patents (he had originally wanted to be an engineer), and in 1924, he married for the first time. He was a member of the Socialist UGT (Unión General de Trabajadores) and helped found the Clerical Workers Union at the start of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.

On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in mid-1936 he organized a volunteer militia unit La Pluma (The Pen) of office workers fighting under the UGT. Later, thanks to his knowledge of English and French, he worked as a censor at the Foreign Ministry's Press Office where he came to know Ernest Hemingway and many other foreign journalists covering the conflict. John Dos Passos, in a 1938 article published in Esquire, referred to Barea as "underslept and underfed". During the Siege of Madrid he joined the Radio Service broadcasting to Latin America, where he became known as An Unknown Voice of Madrid, every night telling stories about daily life in the besieged city. He also met the Austrian journalist Ilse Kulcsar (née Pollak) (Ilsa Barea-Kulscar) whom he married in 1938.

As defeat for the Spanish Government loomed, this, allied to difficulties with the Communist party (he was not a member and therefore suspect), and a breakdown in his health, meant that he and his wife had to leave Spain. They went into exile to France in the middle of 1938, and then to England in 1939. From then until his death, Barea worked for the BBC's World Service Spanish section  while contributing articles and reviews to various literary publications, as well as writing books. At that time, also, Ilsa Barrea was working for the BBC Monitoring Service, translated books into English, and lectured and broadcast in several languages.

Barea spent the last ten years of his life living at Middle Lodge in Eaton Hastings, a house rented from Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon, of nearby Buscot Park.

He died on 24 December 1957 in his wife Ilsa's arms from a heart attack. Shortly after his death, Barea's ashes were scattered in his garden at Middle Lodge, and a memorial to Barea and his wife was erected behind her parents' grave (Valentin Pollak and Alice von Zieglmayer) in the churchyard annexe of All Saints Church, Faringdon, Oxfordshire. Ilsa Barea returned to Vienna; in 1966 publishing Vienna: legend and reality and died there while working on her autobiography.

Barea has three Spanish streets named in his honour, in Badajoz, Mérida and Novés; and a square – Plaza de Arturo Barea – in Madrid.

He is a central figure in Amanda Vaill's non-fiction book Hotel Florida, published in 2014.

Publications
Maxim Lieber was Barea's literary agent in 1947 and 1950.

The Forging of a Rebel
His best-known work is his autobiography La forja de un rebelde (The Forging of a Rebel), published in three volumes:
 La forja (The Forge) provides a detailed and evocative account of his childhood and adolescence growing up in Madrid between 1905 and 1914. (It was reviewed favourably by George Orwell in Horizon, "a fragment of autobiography, and we may hope that others will follow it... if the Fascist powers have done no other good, they have at least enriched the English-speaking world by exiling all their best writers.")
 La ruta (The Track) recounts his military experiences in Morocco during the Rif War from 1920 to 1925. In his foreword to this volume Barea notes that what he witnessed in that war "was the embryonic stage in the development of military fascism in Spain, more particularly the beginnings of General Franco's political career".
 La llama (The Clash, literally The Flame in Spanish) narrates his experience of the Civil War and exile between 1935 and 1940. "The book starts off in a Castilian village and ends up in Paris, but its essential subject is the siege of Madrid."—George Orwell.

The original translation of La forja was by Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, an English eccentric who had stayed on in Malaga after the outbreak of the civil war and was later imprisoned by Franco's henchmen. In subsequent editions this was substituted by a new translation by Ilsa Barea, who translated all Arturo's other books. They were first published between 1941 and 1946. Orwell, in his review of the trilogy said: "An excellent book … Señor Barea is one of the most valuable of the literary acquisitions that England has made as a result of Fascist persecution". The first Spanish language edition was published in Argentina in 1951 (by Editorial Losada), and not published in Spain until 1978. La forja de un rebelde was dramatised on TVE in 1990, directed and with screenplay by Mario Camus. Gabriel García Márquez considered it one of the "ten best books written in Spain following the Spanish Civil War" (los diez mejores libros escritos en España después de la Guerra Civil), and "One of the best novels written in Spanish".

Short stories
 Valor y miedo (Courage and Fear), Spain, 1938.
 El centro de la pista (The Center of the Path), 1960.

Biographies
 Lorca, the Poet and his People, 1944, about Federico García Lorca
 Unamuno, 1952, about Miguel de Unamuno

Novels
 La raíz rota (The Broken Root), 1955. Published in Spanish in 2009 by Editorial Salto de Página, Madrid.

Political Essays
 Struggle for the Spanish Soul, Secker & Warburg, 1941.
 Spain in the Post-War World, Fabian Publication, 1945.
 Struggle for the Spanish Soul & Spain in the Post-War World, Translated by Ilsa Barea, The Clapton Press, 2021.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

1897 births
1957 deaths
People from Badajoz
Mass media people from Madrid
Spanish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Spanish novelists
Spanish male novelists
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
20th-century Spanish novelists

Arturo Barea


The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditional, family-run activities that are highly labour-intensive, to large, capital-intensive and highly mechanized industrial processes. Many food industries depend almost entirely on local agriculture, animal farms, produce, and/or fishing.

It is challenging to find an inclusive way to cover all aspects of food production and sale. The UK Food Standards Agency describes it as "the whole food industry – from farming and food production, packaging and distribution, to retail and catering". The Economic Research Service of the USDA uses the term food system to describe the same thing, stating: "The U.S. food system is a complex network of farmers and the industries that link to them. Those links include makers of farm equipment and chemicals as well as firms that provide services to agribusinesses, such as providers of transportation and financial services. The system also includes the food marketing industries that link farms to consumers, and which include food and fiber processors, wholesalers, retailers, and foodservice establishments." The food industry includes:
 Agriculture: raising crops, livestock, and seafood. Agricultural economics.
 Manufacturing: agrichemicals, agricultural construction, farm machinery and supplies, seed, etc.
 Food processing: preparation of fresh products for market, and manufacture of prepared food products
 Marketing: promotion of generic products (e.g., milk board), new products, advertising, marketing campaigns, packaging, public relations, etc.
 Wholesale and food distribution: logistics, transportation, warehousing
 Foodservice (which includes catering)
 Grocery, farmers' markets, public markets and other retailing
 Regulation: local, regional, national, and international rules and regulations for food production and sale, including food quality, food security, food safety, marketing/advertising, and industry lobbying activities
 Education: academic, consultancy, vocational
 Research and development: food science, food microbiology, food technology, food chemistry, and food engineering
 Financial services: credit, insurance
Areas of research such as food grading, food preservation, food rheology, food storage directly deal with the quality and maintenance of quality overlapping many of the above processes.

Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, and hunter-gatherers can be considered outside the scope of the modern food industry.

The dominant companies in the food industry have sometimes been referred to as Big Food, a term coined by the writer Neil Hamilton.

Food production

Most food produced for the food industry comes from commodity crops using conventional agricultural practices. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feeding products, fiber and other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock).  On average, 83% of the food consumed by humans is produced using terrestrial agriculture.In addition to terrestrial agriculture, aquaculture and fishing play vital roles in global food production. Aquaculture involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, and mollusks in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, or cages. It contributes significantly to the world's seafood supply and provides an important source of protein for human consumption. Fishing, on the other hand, relies on harvesting wild aquatic species from oceans, rivers, and lakes, further diversifying the sources of food for human populations and supporting livelihoods in coastal communities worldwide. Together, terrestrial agriculture, aquaculture, and fishing collectively ensure a diverse and ample supply of food to meet the dietary needs of people across the globe. Other food sources include aquaculture and fishing.

Scientists, inventors, and others devoted to improving farming methods and implements are also said to be engaged in agriculture. One in three people worldwide are employed in agriculture, yet it only contributes 3% to global GDP. In 2017, on average, agriculture contributes 4% of national GDPs. Global agricultural production is responsible for between 14 and 28% of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it one of the largest contributors to global warming, in large part due to conventional agricultural practices, including nitrogen fertilizers and poor land management.

Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fibre, and land reclamation. Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. Agronomy is the application of a combination of sciences. Agronomists today are involved with many issues including producing food, creating healthier food, managing the environmental impact of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants.

Food processing

Food processing includes the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for human consumption. Food processing takes clean, harvested or slaughtered and butchered components and uses them to produce marketable food products. There are several different ways in which food can be produced.

One-off production: This method is used when customers make an order for something to be made to their own specifications, for example, a wedding cake. The making of one-off products could take days depending on how intricate the design is.

Batch production: This method is used when the size of the market for a product is not clear, and where there is a range within a product line.  A certain number of the same goods will be produced to make up a batch or run, for example a bakery may bake a limited number of cupcakes.  This method involves estimating consumer demand.

Mass production: This method is used when there is a mass market for a large number of identical products, for example chocolate bars, ready meals and canned food. The product passes from one stage of production to another along a production line.

Just-in-time (JIT) (production): This method of production is mainly used in restaurants. All components of the product are available in-house and the customer chooses what they want in the product. It is then prepared in a kitchen, or in front of the buyer as in sandwich delicatessens, pizzerias, and  sushi bars.

Industry influence
The food industry has a large influence on consumerism.  Organizations, such as The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), have been criticized for accepting monetary donations from companies within the food industry, such as Coca-Cola. These donations have been criticized for creating a conflict of interest and favoring an interest such as financial gains.

Criticism

Media
There are a number of books, film, TV and web-related exposés and critiques of the food industry, including:

 Eat This, Not That (nonfiction series published in Men's Health magazine)
 Fast Food Nation (2001 nonfiction book)
 Chew On This (2005 book adaptation of Fast Food Nation for younger readers)
 Fast Food Nation (2006 documentary film)
 Food, Inc. (2008 documentary film)
 Panic Nation (2006 nonfiction book)
 Super Size Me (2004 documentary film)
 Forks over Knives (2011 documentary film)
 The Jungle (1906 novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meat packing industry during the early 20th century, based on his investigation for a socialist newspaper)

Corporate Influence
The Bretton Woods Institutions - The World Bank and International Monetary Fund - play a large role in how the food industry functions today. These global funds were born after World War II, to help rebuild Europe and prevent another Great Depression. Overall, their main purpose was to stabilize economies. The IMF provided short term loans while the World Bank was focused on larger projects that would bring electricity back to cities, roads, and other "essential" needs. The World Banks mission and purpose, however, transformed as its President Robert McNamara issued a system of loans known as Structural Adjustment. In accepting loans from the World Bank, countries - especially the Global South - became economically, politically, and socially tied to the West. Many countries struggled to pay back their loans, beginning the process of global debt, privatization, and the downfall of local economies. As a result of Western intervention, many small scale farmers have been displaced, as US corporations have bought out land in other countries and continued to monopolize on food. Today, several multinational corporations have pushed agricultural technologies on developing countries including improved seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, crop production.

Policy

In 2020 scientists reported that reducing emissions from the global food system is essential to achieving the Paris Agreement's climate goals. In 2020, an evidence review for the European Union's Scientific Advice Mechanism found that, without significant change, emissions would increase by 30–40% by 2050 due to population growth and changing consumption patterns, and concluded that "the combined environmental cost of food production is estimated to amount to some $12 trillion per year, increasing to $16 trillion by 2050". The IPCC's and the EU's reports concluded that adapting the food system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions impacts and food security concerns, while shifting towards a sustainable diet, is feasible.

Regulation

Since World War II, agriculture in the United States and the entire national food system in its entirety has been characterized by models that focus on monetary profitability at the expense of social and environmental integrity. Regulations exist to protect consumers and somewhat balance this economic orientation with public interests for food quality, food security, food safety, animal well-being, environmental protection and health.

Proactive guidance
In 2020, researchers published projections and models of potential impacts of policy-dependent mechanisms of modulation, or lack thereof, of how, where, and what food is produced. They analyzed policy-effects for specific regions or nations such as reduction of meat production and consumption, reductions in food waste and loss, increases in crop yields and international land-use planning. Their conclusions include that raising agricultural yields is highly beneficial for biodiversity-conservation in sub-Saharan Africa while measures leading to shifts of diets are highly beneficial in North America and that global coordination and rapid action are necessary.

Wholesale and distribution

A vast global cargo network connects the numerous parts of the industry.  These include suppliers, manufacturers, warehousers, retailers and the end consumers.) Wholesale markets for fresh food products have tended to decline in importance in urbanizing countries, including Latin America and some Asian countries as a result of the growth of supermarkets, which procure directly from farmers or through preferred suppliers, rather than going through markets.

The constant and uninterrupted flow of product from distribution centers to store locations is a critical link in food industry operations. Distribution centers run more efficiently, throughput can be increased, costs can be lowered, and manpower better utilized if the proper steps are taken when setting up a material handling system in a warehouse.

Retail
With worldwide urbanization, food buying is increasingly removed from food production.  During the 20th century, the supermarket became the defining retail element of the food industry.  There, tens of thousands of products are gathered in one location, in continuous, year-round supply.

Food preparation is another area where the change in recent decades has been dramatic. Today, two food industry sectors are in apparent competition for the retail food dollar.  The grocery industry sells fresh and largely raw products for consumers to use as ingredients in home cooking.  The food service industry, by contrast, offers prepared food, either as finished products or as partially prepared components for final "assembly".  Restaurants, cafes, bakeries and mobile food trucks provide opportunities for consumers to purchase food.

In the 21st century online grocery stores emerged and digital technologies for community-supported agriculture have enabled farmers to directly sell produce. Some online grocery stores have voluntarily set social goals or values beyond meeting consumer demand and the accumulation of profit.

Food industry technologies

Modern food production is defined by sophisticated technologies. These include many areas. Agricultural machinery, originally led by the tractor, has practically eliminated human labor in many areas of production. Biotechnology is driving much change, in areas as diverse as agrochemicals, plant breeding and food processing. Many other types of technology are also involved, to the point where it is hard to find an area that does not have a direct impact on the food industry. As in other fields, computer technology is also a central force. Other than that, there few more modern technologies that can help to improve the industry as well which are, robotics and automation, blockchain, nanotech, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, smart farming and others. These new technologies can improve the industry in the following ways:

 Robotics and automation: Robotics and automation are being used to automate processes such as packaging, sorting, and quality control, which reduces labor costs and increases efficiency. These technologies also reduce the likelihood of contamination by reducing human contact with food.
 Blockchain: Blockchain technology is being used to improve food safety by providing transparency in the supply chain. This technology allows for real-time tracking of food products, from farm to table, which helps to identify any potential safety hazards and enables quick response to any issues.
 Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology is being used to develop new packaging materials that can extend the shelf life of food and reduce food waste. These materials can also be designed to be biodegradable, reducing the environmental impact of packaging.
 3D printing: 3D printing is being used to create custom food products and to make food production more efficient. With 3D printing, it is possible to create complex shapes and designs that would be difficult to achieve with traditional manufacturing techniques.
 Artificial intelligence: (AI) is being used to analyze large amounts of data in the food industry, which can help to identify trends and patterns. This technology can be used to optimize processes and to improve the quality and safety of food products.
 Smart farming: Smart farming involves the use of sensors and data analytics to optimize crop yields and reduce waste. This technology can help farmers to make more informed decisions about when to plant, water, and harvest crops, which can improve the efficiency and sustainability of agriculture.

Marketing

As consumers grow increasingly removed from food production, the role of product creation, advertising, and publicity become the primary vehicles for information about food. With processed food as the dominant category, marketers have almost infinite possibilities in product creation. Of the food advertised to children on television, 73% is fast or convenience foods.

One of the main challenges in food industry marketing is the high level of competition in the market. Companies must differentiate themselves from their competitors by offering unique products or using innovative marketing techniques. For example, many food companies are now using social media platforms to promote their products and engage with customers.

Another important aspect of food industry marketing is understanding consumer behavior and preferences. This includes factors such as age, gender, income, and cultural background. Companies must also be aware of changing consumer trends and adapt their marketing strategies accordingly.

Labor and education

Until the last 100 years, agriculture was labor-intensive. Farming was a common occupation and millions of people were involved in food production. Farmers, largely trained from generation to generation, carried on the family business. That situation has changed dramatically today. In America in 1870, 70–80% of the US population was employed in agriculture. , less than 2% of the population is directly employed in agriculture, and about 83% of the population lives in cities.

See also

 Agroindustry
 Agricultural expansion
 Dietary supplement
 Factory farming
 Food fortification, also called Nutrification
 Geography of food
 Local food
Ultra-processed food

References

Works cited

Further reading
 Nelson, Scott Reynolds. Oceans of Grain: How American Wheat Remade the World (2022) excerpt

  534 pages.
  448 pages.
  836 pages.
  301 pages.
 Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry

External links

Agriculture
Mass production
Industries (economics)

Food industry


Shear stress is a stress state where the stress is parallel to the surface of the material, as opposed to normal stress when the stress is perpendicular to the surface.

Shear stress is relevant to the motion of fluids upon surfaces, which result in the generation of shear stress.
Also constructions in soil can fail due to shear; e.g., the weight of an earth-filled dam may cause the subsoil to collapse, like a small landslide.

Related pages
 Scissors work by shear stress

Materials science

Shear stress


Time Supply (foaled 1931) was an American  Thoroughbred racehorse sired by Time Maker out of the Fair Play mare Surplice. He was bred in Virginia at the Court Manor Stud of Willis Sharpe Kilmer in conjunction with Edward B. McLean. Kilmer had successfully run Sun Briar, Exterminator and Sun Beau which allowed him to expand his New York operations to Virginia. McLean was the publisher of The Washington Post and other newspapers through inheritance  and had purchased the Hope Diamond in 1911. Still in June 1931, he dispersed his horse racing stock and Surplice with foal were bought by Mrs. Frank A. Carreaud. It proved to be a wise purchase.

At age 2, Time Supply won 3 of 5 races and showed some promise. He was entered in the Preakness Stakes of 1934 won by High Quest. Time Supply had forced the pace and faded to 6th place. By June he was winning a Claiming Stakes at Detroit Fairgrounds, but better things would come along.

In September, Time Supply ran 6 furlongs at Havre de Grace in 1:10 3/5 setting a track record. The next month he won the very first Narragansett Special at 1 mile 3/16 and which carried a $25,000 added purse. Jockey Tommy Luther followed the horse out west where he repeated his short to long pattern and won the 6 furlong Sacramento Handicap in the track record time of 1:10 1/5 at Bay Meadows. They then won the rich Bay Meadows Handicap at 1 mile and 1/8.
He finished his 3 year old year with 8 wins and $61,430 in earnings. It was his best campaign.

Time Supply ran third in the very first Santa Anita Handicap. Afterwards in 1935, he paired up the What Cheer Handicap and New England Handicap at Narragansett Park. The later run in track record time of 1:49 3/5 for 9 furlongs. At age 5, he scored back to back victories in the San Vicente Handicap and San Antonio Handicap at Santa Anita Park. Again, the later in track record time of 1:49 2/5 for 1 mile and 1/8. He then ran 2nd in the 100k Big Cap to Top Row and saw his form tail off.

He paired up his last two stake wins at Suffolk Downs in the Massasoit Handicap, and then the $25k added Massachusetts Handicap with jockey Sonny Workman up.

Time Supply was retired after running 4 races without winning as a 7 year old. He stood at stud in California with limited success. Time Supply ran 50 times over six years with 18 wins (12 in stakes) and earnings of $144,995 during the middle of the Great Depression.

References

 Time Supply's pedigree and racing stats

1931 racehorse births
Thoroughbred family 12-b
Racehorses bred in Virginia
Racehorses trained in the United States
Horse racing track record setters

ja:ポンダー

Time Supply


The National Public Transport Access Node (NaPTAN) database is a UK nationwide system for uniquely identifying all the points of access to public transport in the UK. The dataset is closely associated with the National Public Transport Gazetteer.

Every UK railway station, coach terminus, airport, ferry terminal, bus stop, taxi rank or other place where public transport can be joined or left is allocated a unique NaPTAN identifier.  The relationship of the stop to a City, Town, Village or other locality can be indicated through an association with elements of the National Public Transport Gazetteer.

There is a CEN standardisation initiative, Identification of Fixed Objects In Public Transport ('IFOPT'), to develop NaPTAN concepts into a European standard for stop identification as an extension to Transmodel, the European standard for Public Transport information.

Purpose of NaPTAN
The ability to identify and locate stops in relation to topography, both consistently and economically, is fundamental to modern computer based systems that provide passenger information and manage public transport networks.  Stop data is needed by journey planners, scheduling systems, real-time systems, for transport planning, performance monitoring, and for many other purposes. Digitalising a nation's public transport stops is an essential step in creating a national information infrastructure.

In the UK NaPTAN enabled the creation of the Transport Direct Portal, a UK nationwide system for multi-modal journey planning. NaPTAN also underpins TransXChange, the UK standard for bus schedules, which is used for the Electronic Registration of Bus Services.

NaPTAN Components

NaPTAN comprises several distinct elements
 A data model, based on Transmodel.
 A data exchange format, specified as an XML schema (see http://www.naptan.org.uk/schema/schemas.htm)
 A central data store used to aggregate and distribute stop data from different UK regions.
 A process for different stakeholders to contribute, validate and share data.
 A website to access the data www.beta-naptan.dft.gov.uk
 A simple API that can be used to download the data (https://naptan.api.dft.gov.uk/swagger/index.html)

NaPTAN identifiers are designed to be used within the UK's Digital National Framework a system of unique persistent reference for shareable information resources of all types managed by the Ordnance Survey.

NaPTAN includes on a related standard - the UK National Public Transport Gazetteer.

The NaPTAN Database
The National Public Transport Access Node dataset has information on all UK public transport stops.  Stops are submitted by PTEs to a central authority which consolidates the stops and distributes them back to users. There are currently 380,000 active stop points.

NaPTAN is maintained by the Department of Transport.

The NaPTAN XML Schema
NaPTAN data is described by a NaPTAN XML Schema. This can be used to describe NaPTAN data when exchanging it between systems as XML documents.  It is versioned so that different generations of data can be managed.  See http://www.dft.gov.uk/naptan/schema/2.4/NaPTAN.xsd

NaPTAN Conceptual Model
The NPTG & NaPTAN data conform to a family of consistent, interlocking data models. The models are described in the NPTG & NaPTAN Schema Guide in UML notation.

NaPTAN Stops

NaPTAN Stop Numbering

NaPTAN identifiers are a systematic way of identifying of all UK points of access to public transport or "Stop points").

 Every UK rail station, bus and coach terminus, airport, ferry terminal, individual bus stop, tram stop, and  taxi rank is allocated a unique NaPTAN Identifier.
 For large interchanges & termini, NaPTAN points identify the entrances from the public thoroughfare – one identifier is distinguished as the main entrance. Platforms may also be individually identified
 Every local authority has been allocated a unique prefix for their stop numbering, this ensures that stop numbers cannot be duplicated, in addition there are national number prefixes - 900 for coach stops, 910 for railway stations, 920 for airports, 930 for ferry terminals and 940 for metro and tram stops, the national stop numbers are created centrally and not by local authorities.
 In England stop details are provided by 87 local authorities and are prefixed with numbers ranging between 010 and 490.
 In Wales stop details are provided by 22 local authorities and are prefixed with numbers ranging between 511 and 582.
In Scotland stop details are provided by 32 local authorities and are prefixed with numbers ranging between 601 and 690.

NaPTAN Stop Descriptors
NaPTAN stop points have a number of text descriptor elements associated with them: not just a name, but also additional labels and distinguishing identifiers that will help users to recognise them. These elements can be combined in different ways to provide   presentations of names useful for  many different contexts, for example on maps, stop finders, timetables etc., and on mobile devices

 Stop Points may have a Common Name,  Short name, Landmark, Street, Asset code, etc.
 Stop Points may also have alternative names, for example for aliases for  different national languages.
 Stop Names may have a qualifier to distinguish them from  other stops within the same group of stops. For example, Bus Station (Stand 1) from Bus Station (Stand 2).

The Purpose of these descriptors is to create an iterative level of detail i.e. Country - County - Locality - Street - Name - Identifier. All of this information should be included but it is up to the user of the data to decide how much data is relevant for the task in hand.

Stop Locations
Every NaPTAN point includes geospatial coordinates specified in Ordnance Survey National Grid format, and as WGS84 latitude and longitude pairs where these are provided by local authorities. This allows NaPTAN points to be projected on maps and to be associated with other information layers such as the Integrated Transport Network of the Ordnance Survey.

National Public Transport Gazetteer
The National Public Transport Gazetteer is closely associated with the NaPTAN dataset and contains details of every City, Town, Village, suburb in Great Britain (i.e., UK but not including Northern Ireland). This dataset is based on usage of names, rather than legal definitions and so includes local informal names for places as well as their official names.

See also
 National Public Transport Gazetteer
 TransXChange
 IFOPT
 Journey Planner
 Integrated Transport Network

References

 NPTG and NaPTAN Schema Guide. Release 2.4 v0.57  issued 2012 Department for Transport (http://naptan.dft.gov.uk/naptan/schema/2.4/doc/NaPTANSchemaGuide-2.4-v0.57.pdf)

External links

 OpenStreetMap wiki page related to the import of NaPTAN data into OSM

Geographical databases in the United Kingdom
Public transport in the United Kingdom
Travel technology

NaPTAN


The Messier Catalogue is a list of astronomical objects made by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771.  Messier was a comet hunter, and was annoyed by fuzzy objects which were not comets.  He put together a list of these objects, with his assistant Pierre Méchain.

The list uses numbers with an 'M' in front.  Messier was limited by the objects he could see from France, so the list is incomplete by today's standards.  It remains popular because people have used it for centuries and they are familiar with it.

The first edition covered 45 objects numbered M1 to M45. The total list published by Messier finally contained 103 objects, and the list was made up to 110 by modern astronomers working from Messier's notes..

Other catalogues exist, most notably the New General Catalogue.

Items on the list
Almost all the items are either star clusters or nebulae.  There are only three galaxies in the first fifty, starting with Andromeda at M31. Individual stars are not listed.  The first ten in the list are:
 M1: NGC 1952 Crab nebula, a supernova remnant
 M2: NGC 7089 a globular cluster
 M3: NGC 5272 a globular cluster
 M4: NGC 6121 a globular cluster
 M5: NGC 5904 a globular cluster
 M6: NGC 6405 Butterfly cluster, an open cluster
 M7: NGC 6475 Ptolemy cluster, an open cluster
 M8: NGC 6523 Lagoon nebula, a nebula with a cluster
 M9: NGC 6333 a globular cluster
 M10: NGC 6254 a globular cluster

References

Astronomical catalogues

Messier catalogue


Rey Francisco Guadalupe Sánchez (born October 5, 1967) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball infielder. He attended high school in California and was drafted in the 13th round of the  amateur baseball draft by the Texas Rangers. He played in their minor league system until , when he was traded to the Chicago Cubs for minor leaguer Bryan House. In , he broke through to the majors, playing 13 games. He continued to play there, often on a regular basis until August 16, , when he was traded to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Frisco Parotte. He finished the season there, and then started to become a journeyman. He played (in order) in a season for the San Francisco Giants, two and a half seasons for the Kansas City Royals, 50 games for the Atlanta Braves, and a season for the Boston Red Sox. In , he played 56 and 46 games for the New York Mets (where he allegedly received a controversial haircut during a game ) and Seattle Mariners, respectively, and moved on to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for . He became a Yankee for the second time in .

He spent most of his career occasionally starting, replacing injured players, and pinch hitting at shortstop, second base, and third base, although he consistently started at shortstop for the Royals and Braves, and consistently started at second base for the Red Sox. Other than this, he played any infield position off the bench. He had a career .272 batting average and only 15 home runs through 15 years experience. He was often used for his ability to successfully perform the sacrifice bunt.

External links

1967 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Baseball players from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Atlanta Braves players
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago Cubs players
Kansas City Royals players
New York Mets players
New York Yankees players
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
San Francisco Giants players
Seattle Mariners players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Gulf Coast Rangers players
Gastonia Rangers players
Charlotte Rangers players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Iowa Cubs players

Rey Sánchez


Francesco Matarazzo (1443 – August 21, 1518) was an Italian historian of the European Renaissance. His fame rests largely on his masterwork Chronicles of the City of Perugia 1492-1503 which has become a primary source for many later historians of the Italian Renaissance and in particular the city of Perugia.

Life
Although the exact date of his birth in unknown, it is believed that Matarazzo was born about the year 1443 in the small town of Deruta, near Perugia. Little is known of his family, but he is said to have been of noble descent, which would have guaranteed him an extensive education. As a teenager he was chosen to compose the Latin inscriptions that were inscribed beneath the portraits of famous citizens of Perugia that Braccio Baglione had painted to decorate his palace in the city. In 1464 he was teaching in the University of Ferrara and three years later he was assistant to the celebrated humanist teacher Ognibene da Lonigo at Vicenza.

In 1472, he traveled to Greece and settled in Rhodes to study the Greek language. Writing to a friend he reported, "I already speak the language with such fluency that you might think I had been born and brought up in Greece." After wide-ranging travels in the Mediterranean, he settled in Perugia circa 1475 where we find him designated as reverendi domini Perusinae civitatis secretarius dignissimus. The next seventeen years of his life were spent in his native city.

On 7 March 1485, in celebration of the feast of St. Thomas Aquinas at the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, Matarazzo delivered the annual encomium in honor of the "angelic doctor" to the members of the Dominican studium generale, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum.

In 1486 he was appointed Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Perugia.

In 1492 he succeeded Ognibene as Professor of the Humanities at Vicenza where he spent four or five years.

The magistrates of Perugia ordered his return to the city under penalties and upon his return Matarazzo, contrary to his own expectations, was given a warm reception. "Men do me honour; as I pass through the streets I am saluted; I am loved by the Baglioni, and by all other citizens besides." The following year he was appointed Professor in the University of Perugia at a salary of 110 ducats, guaranteed by the taxes of two villages which were assigned to him.

The rest of his life was spent in Perugia in an honourable position, in which, according to the usage of the time,
political and literary employment were assigned to him in turns. He was frequently charged with the composition of
funeral orations over distinguished citizens. In 1503 he became the State Chancellor; he went as ambassador to
Rome and Florence and to other States, and continued in active service of the State till 1513.

Concerning his death we have the chronicle of his friend Teseo Alfani, which reads: "On this Friday morning, August 20, 1518, before
dawn, died the most excellent Francesco Matarazzo, who had been down with fever for about a month. All the city was sore at heart, for the man had great qualities, and stood indeed above all others, not only in our city, but almost in the whole of Italy. May God have pardoned his sins. He was about seventy-five years old."

Chronicles of the City of Perugia 1492-1503
At the time this chronicle was written, the city of Perugia was one of the many Renaissance centers of political strife, moral outrage and ruthless violence. The book relates the story of two rival families, the Oddi and the Baglioni, who are locked in a deadly struggle for possession of the city. In 1492 the victorious Baglioni are the reigning overlords of the Republic. The Oddi family and its attendant army live in exile in the valley between Perugia and Assisi where they conduct a long and oppressive guerrilla war against their rivals; and in the process devastate the Umbrian land and impoverish the common citizen.

Considering that Matarazzo wrote under the patronage of the Baglione, many critics regard the author as biased in his selection and presentation of historical material.

Several sheets of the manuscript have been lost and the story begins and ends abruptly.

Notes and references

15th-century Italian historians
1518 deaths
1443 births
Italian Renaissance humanists
16th-century Italian historians
Academic staff of the University of Perugia

Francesco Matarazzo


Without Pity: A Film About Abilities is a 1996 American television documentary film narrated by Christopher Reeve. This documentary celebrates the efforts of those with disabilities to live full, productive lives. It originally premiered on HBO on October 8, 1996.

Summary
The viewers meet a cross section of Americans in the film.  A young woman with cerebral palsy who cares for her baby, while a man with cerebral palsy lives successfully on his own after 40 years in a Colorado institution.  The film takes a trip to school with a remarkable 6-year-old boy without arms or legs, visits the workplace of a blind computer expert, and meets a professor with polio who teaches the history of discrimination against people with disabilities.  A young man recently made paraplegic discusses his daily battle with depression and his determination and motivation to overcome it and get on with his life.

This film applauds the resilience and potential of people with disabilities and their need to be determined to be self-sufficient.

References

American documentary television films
Documentary films about people with disability
HBO documentary films
Works about cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes
1996 documentary films
1996 films
Primetime Emmy Award-winning broadcasts
1990s American films

Without Pity: A Film About Abilities


Aviva plc is a British multinational insurance company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has about 33 million customers In the United Kingdom, Aviva is the largest general insurer and a leading life and pensions provider.

Aviva also has a focus on the markets in Europe and in Asia and, in particular, on the growth markets of China and South East Asia. Aviva is also the second largest general insurer in Canada. Aviva has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

CGU
CGU plc was a large insurance group, created by the merger of Commercial Union and General Accident in 1998. The Company was listed on the London Stock Exchange.  It merged with Norwich Union in 2000 to form CGNU plc, later renamed Aviva plc.

Commercial Union
Commercial Union was established following a conflagration near London Bridge in 1861, known as the Great Tooley Street Fire, which destroyed a number of warehouses and wharves along the River Thames as a result of which the fire insurance companies were hit by a series of massive claims. Consequently, they increased their fire insurance rates so dramatically that a group of local merchants and brokers decided to form their own company. This became known as the Commercial Union Assurance Company Ltd.

It purchased the Hand in Hand Fire & Life Insurance Society, the world's oldest fire insurance company, in 1905 and The Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation Ltd. in 1910 and it continued to grow by further acquisitions.

General Accident
General Accident was a financial services firm formed by several mergers and acquisitions over several years. The General Accident and Employers' Liability Assurance Association Ltd. was founded in Perth, Scotland in 1885. It became the General Accident Assurance Corporation Ltd. in 1891.

General Accident acquired Yorkshire Insurance Company Ltd. in 1967. All general insurance business was relocated to Perth, with York becoming the centre for the new firm's life assurance and pensions business.

General Accident acquired Stevenage-based Provident Mutual Life Assurance Association in 1995, merging it with the GA Life and Pensions business as Provident Mutual Life Assurance Ltd. York became the centre of all life assurance business and Stevenage of all pensions business.

Norwich Union
Norwich Union was the name of insurance company Aviva's British arm before June 2009. It was originally established in 1797. In 1997, it was demutualised and listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

On 29 April 2008, Aviva announced that the Norwich Union brand would be phased out and disappear over a period of two years, on the grounds that a consistent Aviva brand would bring "global impact".

Insurance companies
British financial companies

Aviva


The term template, when used in the context of word processing software, refers to a sample "fill-in-the-blank" document that can be completed either by hand or through an automated iterative process, such as a with a wizard. Once the template is completed, the user can edit, save and manage the result as an ordinary word processing document. Word processing templates give the ability to bypass the original setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized documents such as a resume. They also give the automatic configuration of the User Interface of the Word processing software, with features such as autocompletion, toolbars, thesaurus, and spelling options.

Word processors

Template (word processing)


Wonder Woman: Bloodlines is a 2019 American animated superhero film focusing on the superheroine Wonder Woman and is the fifteenth installment of the DC Animated Movie Universe and the 38th overall film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. The film was released on digital platforms on October 5, 2019, and was released on 4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray on October 22. It focuses on Wonder Woman facing enemies of the past who come together and form Villainy Inc.

Plot

In 2013, Princess Diana of Themyscira - home island of the warrior race the Amazons - rescues US pilot Captain Steve Trevor from a Parademon attack. Diana treats Steve with a purple healing ray before Hippolyta takes him prisoner due to breaking the island's "no men" law. However, Diana breaks Steve out and sees an omen about an otherworldly invasion facilitated by his arrival. When Hippolyta demands Steve's re-incarceration, Diana defies her before leaving to protect man's world, prompting Hippolyta to disown her. Diana and Steve arrive in Washington, D.C. where Etta Candy takes them to geologist Julia Kapatelis. While there, Diana meets Julia's daughter Vanessa, who grows jealous of Diana when her mother spends more time with Diana than her. Diana decides to stay in man's world and protect it as the superheroine "Wonder Woman".

Five years later, Julia requests help from Diana and Steve to find Vanessa, who has stolen an artifact from her superior Veronica Cale and plans to trade it with the villainous Doctor Poison. Diana, Steve and Julia intervene but are confronted by Poison's soldiers and Giganta, who uses an enhancement serum, but is ultimately defeated. During the battle, however, Julia is fatally shot in a crossfire, and Poison escapes with the artifact. Vanessa blames Diana for her mother's death before fleeing.

While visiting her mother's grave, Vanessa is recruited by Doctor Poison and Doctor Cyber, who transform Vanessa into Silver Swan. Meanwhile, Diana and Steve locate Poison in Qurac. The two travel there using a stealth jet provided by Etta. Upon arrival, they are attacked by Silver Swan, who Diana realizes is Vanessa and is defeated while Poison escapes with a prototype bioweapon. Diana and Steve take the unconscious Vanessa to Cale Pharmaceuticals. While there, Diana believes the purple healing ray can reverse Vanessa's transformation, but does not remember the location of Themyscira due to a mystic block. Cale reveals to Diana and Steve that Julia has been researching the island as a personal pet project. Diana finds a clue in Julia's former office that she must drink water from a fountain located at the temple of Pasiphaë to regain her knowledge of the location.

In the temple, Diana and Steve are suddenly confronted by Cheetah, who is now part of a team of supervillains called Villainy Inc. led by Poison and Cyber, who also uses a serum similar to Giganta's. Steve and Etta enter the maze in the temple, where they encounter and defeat a Minotaur. Diana subdues Cheetah, reunites with Steve and Etta, and drinks the fountain's water, regaining her memory. Diana also realizes that the Minotaur was enchanted to defend the fountain, and destroys it. By doing so, the Minotaur is set free, with Steve naming it Ferdinand.

The trio make it back to Cale Pharmaceuticals and pinpoint Themyscira's location. However, Cyber interrupts them, revealing their organization's plan to steal Amazon artifacts for personal gain. Cyber reactivates Vanessa to attack Diana while the others escape. Eventually, Diana defeats Vanessa and lets her friends escape, while Vanessa flees. With the new information, Diana and Steve return to Themyscira, only to find it under siege by Villainy Inc. Vanessa distracts the heroes as Cyber and Poison unleash their endgame weapon, Medusa. Medusa refuses to be under their control and destroys Cyber. Poison offers Medusa an enhancement serum to win her favor, but Medusa turns her to stone and takes it anyway, beginning to destroy the city. Confronting Medusa and getting badly beaten, Diana blinds herself with Medusa's venom, allowing her to meet her head-on. Diana is battered to the ground but saved by Vanessa, who is inspired by her self-sacrifice, and together they kill Medusa. In the aftermath, Vanessa and Hippolyta reconcile with Diana. Hippolyta presents Diana as the champion of Themyscira and decides to open Themyscira to the outside world.

In a mid-credits scene, Diana returns to Washington and confronts Cale, who reveals herself as the true mastermind behind Villainy Inc. and the one who killed Julia. Cale claims she will invade Themyscira again to profit from the Amazons' technology, but Diana accepts her challenge and impales her sword in her desk, leaving confidently as Cale tries to remove the sword.

Voice cast

Production
Wonder Woman: Bloodlines was announced at San Diego Comic-Con held in July 2018.

Rosario Dawson reprises the role of Wonder Woman from previous films. Other cast include Jeffrey Donovan as Steve Trevor, Marie Avgeropoulos as Vanessa Kapatelis/Silver Swan, Kimberly Brooks as Cheetah and Giganta, Michael Dorn as Ferdinand, Ray Chase as the lead bandit, Mozhan Marnò as Doctor Cyber, Adrienne C. Moore as Etta Candy, Courtenay Taylor as Doctor Poison, Nia Vardalos as Julia Kapatelis, and Constance Zimmer as Veronica Cale.

Release
The film was released as a World Premiere film during New York Comic Con on October 5, 2019, and also released on digital platforms on the same day, and was released on 4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray on October 22.

Reception

Critical reception
On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of  based on  reviews, with an average rating of . IGN gave the film a rating of 6.5/10.

Sales
The film earned $1,703,906 from domestic Blu-ray sales.

Notes

References

External links

 Wonder Woman: Bloodlines at The World's Finest

2010s English-language films
2010s American animated films
2010s direct-to-video animated superhero films
2010s animated superhero films
2019 animated films
2019 films
2019 direct-to-video films
Animated action films
Animated films based on DC Comics
Animated films based on classical mythology
Animated superheroine films
Wonder Woman films
DC Animated Movie Universe
2019 science fiction action films
American science fiction action films
Animated science fiction films
Warner Bros. Animation animated films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films
Films about size change
Films scored by Frederik Wiedmann
Films set on fictional islands
Films produced by Sam Register
Films set in 2013
Films set in 2019
Toonami
Minotaur
Films directed by Sam Liu

Wonder Woman: Bloodlines


The  is a Japanese law. It was enacted on 7 April 1947 to govern working conditions in Japan. According to Article 1 of the Act, its goal is to ensure that "Working conditions shall be those which should meet the needs of workers who live lives worthy of human beings."

Historical background
As the Second World War was nearing its end, on 26 July 1945, Allied leaders Winston Churchill, Harry S Truman, and Chiang Kai-shek issued the Potsdam Declaration, which demanded Japan's unconditional surrender. This declaration also defined the major goals of the postsurrender Allied occupation: "The Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established" (Section 10). In addition, the document stated: "The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government" (Section 12). The Allies sought not merely punishment or reparations from a militaristic foe, but fundamental changes in the nature of its political system. In the words of political scientist Robert E. Ward: "The occupation was perhaps the single most exhaustively planned operation of massive and externally directed political change in world history."

Allied Occupation of Japan
After the Japanese surrender on 15 August 1945, allied forces, mostly American, rapidly began arriving in Japan. Almost immediately, the occupiers began an intensive program of legal changes designed to democratize Japan.

While it was created while Japan was under occupation, the origins of the Act have nothing to do with the occupation forces. It appears to have been the brainchild of Kosaku Teramoto, a former member of the Thought Police, who was now the head of the Labor Standards section of the Welfare Ministry.

The situation during the occupation was very confusing, and Teramoto managed to convince a number of industrialists, bureaucrats, and politicians that GHQ was demanding strict controls on working conditions. He and a small staff then drafted the bill, based on prewar provisions that had been suspended by the military government, as well as a review of International Labor Organization conventions. The occupation authorities knew nothing about the bill until Teramoto handed it to Theodore Cohen, head of GHQ's Labor Division. The Americans gave the law their blessing, and Teramoto was able to tell the industrialists, bureaucrats and politicians that they had no choice but to go along with what the occupation forces wanted.

Amendments
After being passed in 1947, The Labor Standards Act was amended in 1947, 1949 (twice), 1950, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1976, 1983, 1984, 1985 (three times), 1987, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 (four times), 2001 (three times), 2002 (three times), and 2003 (three times).

Main provisions
The law consists of 13 chapters and supplementary provisions:

 Chapter 1 General Provisions (Articles 1–12)
 Chapter 2 Labor Contract (Articles 13–23)
 Chapter 3 Wages (Articles 24–31)
 Chapter 4 Working Hours, Rest Periods, Rest Days, and Annual Paid Leave (Articles 32–41)
 Chapter 5 Safety and Health (Articles 42–55)
 Chapter 6 Juveniles (Articles 56–64)
 Chapter 6-7 Women (Articles 64-2-68)
 Chapter 7 Training of Skilled Laborers (Articles 69–74)
 Chapter 8 Accident Compensation (Articles 75–88)
 Chapter 9 Rules of Employment (Articles 89–93)
 Articles 89 and 90 cover Work rules
 Chapter 10 Dormitories (Articles 94-96-3)
 Chapter 11 Inspection bodies (Articles 97–105)
 Chapter 12 Miscellaneous Provisions (Articles 105-2-116)
 Chapter 13 Penal Provisions (Articles 117–121)
 Supplementary Provisions

See also
Japanese labor law

Notes

External links
Full text of the Labor Standards Act from the Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training

Government of Japan
Postwar Japan
Japanese labour law
1947 in law
Occupational safety and health law
1947 in Japan
1947 in labor relations

Labor Standards Act (Japan)


Hipparchus (Greek ; ca. 190 BC – ca. 120 BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He lived in the Hellenistic period. He was born in Nicaea (now Iznik, Turkey), and probably died on the island of Rhodes. He worked as an astronomer at least from 147 BC to 127 BC. Hipparchus is considered the greatest ancient astronomical observer. Some people see him as the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity.

Hipparchus was the first Greek whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive. To do this, he used the observations and perhaps the mathematical techniques accumulated over centuries by the Chaldeans from Babylonia. He had a trigonometric table. It looks like he  solved some problems of spherical trigonometry with the table. With his solar and lunar theories and his trigonometry, he was perhaps the first to develop a reliable method to predict solar eclipses.  His other well-known achievements include the discovery of precession, and the compilation of the Hipparchus Catalog, the first comprehensive star catalog of the western world.

He might also have invented the astrolabe, and the armillary sphere which first appeared during his century and which he used in making the star catalog. It would be three centuries before Claudius Ptolemaeus' synthesis of astronomy would make the work of Hipparchus obsolete; it is heavily dependent on it in many areas.

Craters on the Moon and on Mars are named for Hipparchus, as are an asteroid and the Hipparcos satellite.

190 BC births
2nd-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek astronomers
Greek geographers

Hipparchus


Terri Lynne Boatright Runnels (born October 5, 1966) is an American retired professional wrestling manager, television host, and part-time professional wrestler. Runnels began her professional wrestling career in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as Miss Alexandra York, manager of the York Foundation. She later joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), later renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where she worked for two years as Marlena, and then under her real name.

In the early years of her career with the WWF, she managed her (then) real-life husband Dustin Runnels (known on-screen as Goldust) and was a member of the Pretty Mean Sisters alliance. She also managed both Hardy Boyz and Edge & Christian following the Terri Invitational Tournament in 1999. Subsequently, she had an on-screen rivalry with The Kat, managed The Radicalz stable, and worked as a host and interviewer including a number of titillating segments such as bra & panties, wet t-shirt contests, and lingerie matches. During her time with the World Wrestling Federation (or WWE), she briefly held the Hardcore Championship, her only championship during her career. After leaving the wrestling business, Runnels became involved in philanthropic work.

Professional wrestling career

World Championship Wrestling (1988–1991)

Runnels was originally a make-up artist for CNN from 1985 to 1991, where she worked on Larry King's make-up. On the weekends, she did makeup for the wrestlers of Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP). When the company was purchased by Ted Turner in 1988 and renamed World Championship Wrestling (WCW), she moved to Atlanta and continued doing make-up for some of the wrestlers. Booker Ole Anderson eventually asked her to become part of the roster as a manager. Runnels debuted in 1990 as Alexandra York, a laptop-carrying accountant who led an alliance known as the York Foundation, a group of wrestlers with finance-themed gimmicks. The York character was created over a lunch with Tony Schiavone, one of WCW's announcers. She worked at WCW for two years.

World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (1996-2004)

Marlena gimmick and managing Goldust (1996–1998)
Runnels debuted in the World Wrestling Federation at the Royal Rumble in 1996 as Marlena, a character modeled after Marlene Dietrich. She debuted as a coolly unconcerned and indifferent television director-like manager, often sitting at ringside in her director's chair. With her cigar-smoking, seductive, nonchalant and mysterious gimmick, she acted as the manager of her (then-)real-life husband Dustin, who was wrestling under the gimmick of Goldust. Complementing Goldust, the Marlena character too was representative of all things gold (sporting gold dresses, seated in a gold director's chair, carrying a gold purse sometimes consisting of actual gold dust used to throw in the eyes of Goldust's opponents). Often, Marlena took to lasciviously making out with Goldust when she wasn't coaching and encouraging him to do the same with his fellow opponents. The cigar-smoking aspect of the character came about because Runnels enjoyed smoking them in real life. The risque characters helped bring about The Attitude Era of the late-1990s and the Diva division. During a feud between Goldust and Triple H over the Intercontinental Championship, on February 16, 1997, at In Your House 13: Final Four, Marlena was choked by Chyna, who debuted as a plant from a ringside seat and later became the bodyguard for Triple H. Later, Brian Pillman feuded with Goldust over Marlena. As part of the angle, Pillman won Marlena in a match and sent Goldust a picture of her handcuffed in a bed. Pillman, however, died in the middle of the storyline. Originally, the plan was to have the rivalry culminate in an on-air wedding where Marlena would leave Goldust for Pillman. After the Marlena-Goldust alliance dissolved, Goldust revealed Luna Vachon as his new manager.

Pretty Mean Sisters (1998–1999)

Runnels later re-emerged in 1998, under her real name, as the on-screen girlfriend of Val Venis. When Runnels claimed to be pregnant with Venis' baby, he dumped her. She later joined forces with Jacqueline Moore, who had just ended her alliance with Marc Mero, to form the Pretty Mean Sisters (P.M.S.). They later formed an alliance with D'Lo Brown and Mark Henry, accompanying them to the ring for a match against Venis and The Godfather in December at Rock Bottom: In Your House. In January, Runnels claimed to have suffered a miscarriage after she was knocked off the ring apron by Brown. Weeks later, Brown discovered that Runnels had never been pregnant. P.M.S. gained a "love slave" named Meat in May, whom Runnels controlled using sex. As a part of the storyline, P.M.S. used Meat for his body, forcing him to have sex with them. The alliance, however, broke up by July, when Jacqueline Moore became frustrated with Runnels' infatuation with Meat.

Various storylines (1999–2001)

In late 1999, Runnels arranged the Terri Invitational Tournament, a best-of-five series, between Edge and Christian and The Hardy Boyz, with the winner receiving her managerial services and the sum of $100,000. The Hardy Boyz won the tournament, which culminated in a ladder match at No Mercy (with the prize money suspended above the ring in a bag). Runnels spent the next few months as their manager, notably getting involved in a Steel Cage match between Jeff Hardy and Al Snow on an episode of RAW. She continued interfering in matches until she was injured when Bubba Ray Dudley powerbombed her through a table. She returned on February 27 at No Way Out and cost the Hardy Boyz a match. She then became the manager of Edge and Christian, and the storyline originally called for her to come between the duo, resulting in them becoming singles wrestlers with Runnels managing Christian. The storyline, however, was rewritten, and on an episode of SmackDown!, Edge and Christian—who would now continue wrestling as a tag team—revealed they no longer wanted Runnels's services. She, therefore, slapped Edge, who responded by spearing her.

Runnels began a rivalry with The Kat, and at WrestleMania 2000, Runnels (accompanied by The Fabulous Moolah) defeated The Kat (with Mae Young) in a catfight. Val Venis was the Special Guest Referee, but was distracted when Young kissed him in response to Venis making out with both Runnels and The Kat. This distraction allowed Moolah to pull The Kat out of the ring, and when Venis saw her out of the ring, he declared Runnels the winner. Post-match, The Kat attacked Runnels by stripping her black body suit off to expose her nude colored thong. The rivalry continued in an arm wrestling match at Insurrextion. They later participated in a "Stink Face match" at SummerSlam, which The Kat won by first performing the move on Runnels.

In June 2000, she competed in the first ever women's battle royal to determine the #1 contender to the WWF Women's Championship, but was eliminated by Lita. Runnels subsequently became the onscreen girlfriend and manager of Perry Saturn, who was a member of The Radicalz alliance. She accompanied Saturn to the ring at Fully Loaded in July 2000, where Saturn defeated Eddie Guerrero for the European Championship. Saturn, Runnels, and Radicalz member Dean Malenko also had a series of matches with Team Xtreme (The Hardy Boyz and Lita). The on-screen partnership lasted until Saturn, who had hit his head during a match, opted to continue seeing "Moppy" (a mop he believed was alive) instead of Runnels. As a result, she then became the manager of Raven, a member of The Alliance, who stole Saturn's mop and fed it into a woodchipper.

WWE host and departure (2001–2004)
In late 2001, Terri replaced Trish Stratus as the host of the WWF recap program Excess. She briefly feuded with Stratus, resulting in a wet T-shirt contest between the two on Raw. During this time, she also became the backstage interviewer on Raw and began to wrestle occasionally against the likes of Molly Holly, Victoria and Stratus. She also became the subject of Kane's affections and they regularly flirted during backstage segments. On May 27, 2002, she briefly held the perpetually contested Hardcore Championship when she pinned Steven Richards, though he immediately pinned her to regain the title. On the August 19 episode of "RAW", Eric Bischoff placed her a battle royal featuring former Hardcore champions such as Tommy Dreamer, Bradshaw and Jeff Hardy. She eliminated herself immediately when the match began. On the September 2 edition of "RAW" she defeated Stacy Keibler in a "Lingerie pillow fight", but was hit with a clock by Keibler and humiliated after the match, thus igniting a brief feud between the two. Her final match was a losing effort alongside the returning Lita against divas Molly Holly and Gail Kim on the November 10 edition of Raw.

After eight years with the company, in March 2004, Runnels was released from WWE prior to a massive firing spree. In an April 2015 interview with Vince Russo, Runnels stated that she was flown up on April 1, 2004, to the WWE offices for a meeting with WWE executives Kevin Dunn and John Laurinaitis where she was told that they were parting ways with her; the reason she was told that she was flown up was because the WWE respected her. After leaving the company, Runnels spent time traveling the world.

Return to WWE (2018)
On January 22, 2018, in the Raw 25 Years special episode, Runnels was honored as part of a segment involving women considered legends that contributed to the company's success, including Maryse, Kelly Kelly, Lilian Garcia, Michelle McCool, Maria Kanellis and the Hall of Famers Torrie Wilson, the Bella Twins, Jacqueline and Trish Stratus.
In 2021, Runnels was listed by WWE.com as one of the women who made an impact outside the ring.

Other media
Runnels has appeared in three WWE video games. She made her in-game debut at WWF WrestleMania 2000 and appears in WWF No Mercy and WWE Raw 2.

During her tenure in the WWF, Runnels appeared on the show The Weakest Link in 2002 as part of a charity show where all the contestants were WWF personalities. On the show, she played for the Ronald McDonald House charity, which houses parents of hospitalized children for reduced or no cost. Runnels was the fourth contestant voted out of the game.

Filmography

Personal life
Boatright grew up in Florida. She grew up as a Southern Baptist, but later became non-denominational. Runnels has worked with various charities, including the Make-a-Wish Foundation, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, Boys & Girls Clubs of America, Children's Miracle Network, and Hermie & Elliott Sadler Foundation and Fit Kids Marathon.

She dated Brian Pillman in 1990 while they were both in WCW. In 1993, she married Dustin Runnels, whom she met while they were both working for WCW, taking his last name as her own. They have a daughter, Dakota, who was born in 1994. Dustin Runnels' strained relationship with his father Dusty Rhodes caused problems in their marriage, and Terri alleges that Dusty spread rumors about her that included infidelity and gold-digging. The couple divorced in 1999 after six years of marriage. Years after the divorce, they were able to have a "better relationship". In 2003, she began a relationship with Tyree Clowe, a US soldier 15 years her junior. The couple remained together for over five years.

Terri began dating former professional wrestler New Jack in 2009. Jack professed his love for her in an interview with host Fat Man After Dark on the Future Endeavors wrestling radio show and described some of the pitfalls, even today, of a mixed-race relationship. As of July 2011, the couple was no longer together.

In August 2011, a Florida judge ordered Jack to stop selling nude and bloody photographs of Runnels. Runnels filed suit, accusing Jack of making libelous comments about her and requested that a court ban him from distributing sexually-explicit photographs of her. Jack said that he took the photos, that they belonged to him and that he should be free to pass them on to whoever he pleases. A judge in Sanford, Florida, temporarily banned Jack from distributing photographs of Runnels ahead of a hearing.

On May 29, 2019, Runnels was arrested in Hillsborough County, Florida, and charged with felony possession of a firearm after bringing a loaded gun into the Tampa International Airport. She was later released on $2,000 bond and posted a video to her Twitter page, explaining her side of the incident. In June 2019, the charges against Runnels were dropped.

Championships and accomplishments
 World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
 WWE Hardcore Championship (1 time)
 Slammy Award (1 time)
 Best Couple (1997) – with Goldust

References

External links

 Cigars, Scars & Superstars with Terri Runnels on MLW Radio Network

1966 births
American female models
American female professional wrestlers
American podcasters
American women podcasters
Female models from Florida
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling managers and valets
WWF/WWE Hardcore Champions
21st-century American women

Terri Runnels


Sir Jack Hibbert  (14 February 1932 – 23 August 2005) was a British statistician and director of the Central Statistical Office (CSO) of the United Kingdom, 1985–1992.  He was knighted in the 1990 New Year Honours.

Background
Sir Jack Hibbert was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, on 14 February 1932. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and the London School of Economics and was married with two sons and one daughter. He died on 23 August 2005 in Weybridge, Surrey.

Career
Hibbert joined the Exchequer and Audit Department in 1952 and then moved to the Central Statistical Office in 1960, where he worked on economics statistics. He was promoted to chief statistician in 1970 and to assistant director in 1977. In 1981, he spent a period on loan to the OECD and to Eurostat as a consultant and then joined the Department of Trade and Industry as a director of statistics. On 1 August 1985, he was appointed director of the Central Statistical Office in succession to Sir John Boreham. He retired in 1992.

Central Statistical Office
When Jack Hibbert took over the CSO, it had suffered four years of cutbacks following the 'Rayner Review' of official statistics. Shortly after this, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nigel Lawson, and other Conservative politicians claimed that misleading statistics were largely responsible for the Government's poor handling of the economy. The Treasury and Civil Service Select Committee recommended 'a thorough review into the operation of various Departments involved in the collection of national accounts statistics'. The review, by Stephen Pickford, recommended that there should be just one organisation responsible for the collection and compilation of statistics for national accounts.

This meant moving the Business Statistics Office and responsibility for data on imports and exports from the Department of Trade and Industry, and responsibility for the Retail Prices Index from the Department of Employment.  The changes, in July 1989, increased the CSO from just under 170 staff to about 1,000. This was probably the biggest shake-up of official statistics since the creation of the CSO in 1941.  Jack Hibbert had the difficult job of creating this new organisation.

References

Bibliography
Lynch, R. (2006), Sir Jack Hibbert, 1932–2005, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 169 (2), pp 382–383.
Lynch, R., Obituary: Sir Jack Hibbert, The Independent, 12 September 2005, retrieved on 15 May 2007 17:27.
Ward, R. & Doggett, T. (1991), Keeping Score: The First Fifty Years of the Central Statistical Office, London: HMSO.

1932 births
2005 deaths
People from Huddersfield
People educated at Leeds Grammar School
Alumni of the London School of Economics
English civil servants
English statisticians
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Directors of the Central Statistical Office (United Kingdom)
Civil servants in the Department of Trade and Industry
Civil servants in the Exchequer and Audit Department

Jack Hibbert


Steve Thompson is an American record producer and remixer who has worked with artists including Guns N' Roses, Life of Agony, Tesla, Madonna, John Lennon, Wu-Tang Clan and Korn.

Biography
Steve Thompson is a native New Yorker. As a youth, he worked as a DJ in New York City. He was mentored by music moguls David Geffen and Clive Davis early in his career. At Geffen Records, he got his first real break in the rock genre as a mixer on the 1987 Guns N' Roses album Appetite for Destruction that would become Geffen's most successful album.

He is a long-time collaborator with mixing engineer Michael Barbiero, with whom he shares credits on albums such as Appetite for Destruction and The Great Radio Controversy by Tesla. He mixed Metallica's 1988 Album ...And Justice for All.

Along with Barbiero he has completed remixes for acts including A-ha and David Bowie & Mick Jagger's take on "Dancing in the Street."

Awards

Grammy Awards
 Aretha Franklin and George Michael: "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (1990)
 Whitney Houston: "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"
 Cutting Crew: Broadcast
 Korn: Follow the Leader
 Ziggy Marley: "People Get Ready"
 Blues Traveller: "Run-Around"

References

External links
 Steve Thompson's Official Site

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Record producers from New York (state)

Steve Thompson (musician)


A radio program, radio programme, or radio show, is a segment of content intended for broadcast on radio. It may be a one-time production, or part of a periodically recurring series. A single program in a series is called an episode.

Radio networks

A Radio Network is a complex system designed for the transmission of data, information, or signals via radio waves. These networks are an integral part of modern telecommunications, enabling communication between various devices and services over varying distances. Radio networks have evolved significantly since their inception, with numerous types and technologies emerging to cater to diverse needs and applications. There are different types of networks:

 Broadcast Radio Network: Broadcast radio networks are designed to transmit audio content, such as music, news, talk shows, and advertisements. They operate over designated frequency bands and often employ a hierarchical structure, with large broadcasting stations relaying signals to smaller regional or local stations. AM and FM are common modulation techniques used in broadcast radio.
 Cellular Network: Cellular networks are a type of radio network that facilitates mobile telecommunications. These networks are divided into geographical areas known as cells, each served by a base station. Cellular networks enable seamless communication for mobile devices as they move across cell boundaries. Technologies like 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G have successively enhanced cellular network capabilities, offering faster data speeds, improved coverage, and reduced latency.
 Two-Way Radio Network: Two-way radio networks are commonly used in public safety organizations, transportation sectors, industrial settings, and emergency services. Push-to-Talk (PTT) technology, often used in two-way radio systems, allows users to transmit messages instantly, mimicking the functionality of traditional walkie-talkies.
 Digital Radio Network: Digital radio networks utilize digital modulation techniques to transmit audio signals with improved quality and efficiency compared to traditional analog systems. Digital radio can offer features like better sound fidelity, text displays, and data services. DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) and HD Radio are examples of digital radio technologies.

International radio

In the 1950s, a small but growing cohort of rock and pop music fans, dissatisfied with the BBC's output, would listen to Radio Luxembourg – but only to some extent and probably not enough to have any impact on the BBC's monopoly; and invariably only at night, when the signal from Luxembourg could be received more easily. During the post-1964 period, offshore radio broadcasting from ships at anchor or abandoned forts (such as Radio Caroline) helped to supply the demand in western Europe for pop and rock music. The BBC launched its own pop music station, BBC Radio 1, in 1967.

International broadcasts became highly popular in major world languages. Of particular impact were programmes by the BBC World Service, Voice of America, Radio Moscow, China Radio International, Radio France Internationale, Deutsche Welle, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Vatican Radio and Trans World Radio.

Radio programming

Interest in old-time radio has increased in recent years with programs traded and collected on reel-to-reel tapes, cassettes and CDs and Internet downloads, as well as the popularity of podcasts.

Genres
 News and current affairs
 Radio comedy
 Radio drama
 Music shows
 Sports Radio
 Talk shows
 Documentaries
 Radio magazine
 Radio discussion
 Interviews

Well-known radio programs

United Kingdom
 Crossing Continents
 I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue
 The Archers
 The Goon Show
 The Sky VIP Official Big Top 40

United States
 A Prairie Home Companion
 American Top 40
 Call Her Daddy
 Crime Junkie
 Democracy Now!
 Grand Ole Opry
 Morbid: A True Crime Podcast
 My Favorite Murder
 Stuff You Should Know
 The Daily
India

 Binaca Geetmala
 Bhoole Bisre Geet
 Hawa Mahal
 Vishesh Jaimala
 Mann Ki Baat
 Sangeet Sarita

See also
 History of radio
 List of old-time radio people
 List of old-time radio programs

References

Program

Radio program


Edwin Atherstone (17ma di aprilo 1788 til la 29ma di januaro 1872) esis Britaniana poeto de la movado Romantikismo. Lua maxim konocita verki esas The Fall of Nineveh (1828-1868) e Israel in Egypt (1861).

Referi

Bibliografio
 The fall of Nineveh. A poem by Edwin Atherstone. Second edition: dilligently corrected and otherwise improved. In two volumes, Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, London 1868.
 Israel in Egypt. A poem by Edwin Atherstone, Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, London 1861.
 The last days of Herculaneum and Abradates and Panthea. Poems by Edwin Atherstone, Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, London 1821.
 Dramatic works of Edwin Atherstone. Edited by his daughter, Mary Elizabeth Atherstone, E. Stock, London 1888.
 The sea-kings in England: an historical romance of the time of Alfred by the Author of the "Fall of Niniveh", In Three Volumes, Robert Cadell, Edinburgh 1830.
 The handwriting on the wall, a story by Edwin Atherstone, In Three Volumes, Richard Bentley, London 1858.

 Britaniana skriptisti

Edwin Atherstone


Syro-Malabar Catholic Church of London is a church in Arnos Grove, North London. It is part of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, the largest denomination of the Saint Thomas Christians, based mainly in India. It is estimated that there are 55,000 Indian Catholics in the UK.

The church in London was first established in 2002 by the initiative of Fr. Biju john Kochuparampil, and was officially recognised by the three Catholic Dioceses in 2005. The new Coordinator of the church is Rev.Dr. Thomas Parayadyil.

The Syro-Malabar Church London was founded with the initiative of Rev. Fr. Biju John. Though he was staying in Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Newsouthgate, he initiated a process of spiritual renewal among the Syro-Malabar Catholics living in the UK (who had migrated from Kerala to the United Kingdom). Then there was only a very few priests from the Syro-Malabar church living in the UK. With the help of some lay leaders he established around 52 communities in the UK for the Syro-Malabar Church. Rev. Fr. Biju John resigned his post as the first co-ordinator of the Syro-Malabar church, he even sacrificed his place of residence for the future co-ordinator. After his resignation the church in London was looked after by four priests of the same rite.

See also
 Catholic Church in England and Wales

External links
 Syro-Malabar Catholic Church London
 Fr. Biju John's Official Website
 The Syro-Malabar Church official website

Indian diaspora in the United Kingdom
London
Eastern Catholicism in the United Kingdom
Eastern Catholic church buildings in London
Churches in the London Borough of Enfield

Syro-Malabar Catholic Church of London