A statue of Robert Milligan was installed at the West India Docks in London, in 1813. Milligan was a merchant, and was largely responsible for the construction of the West India Docks. After being put in storage in 1943, it was re-erected by  the London Docklands Development Corporation in 1997.

On 9 June 2020, the statue was removed, coinciding with a drive to review slave-trader statues launched by the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan.

History
Robert Milligan (1746–1809) was a prominent Scottish merchant, ship-owner and slave-factor, who was the driving force behind the construction of the West India Docks in London. The statue was commissioned by the West India Dock Company from the sculptor Richard Westmacott in May 1809, following Milligan's death.
From its installation in 1813 the statue stood by the Hibbert Gate, until 1875 when it was moved to the North Gate. It was put into storage in 1943, where it remained until 1997, when it was re-erected at its original location on the West India Dock by the London Docklands Development Corporation. The Museum of London Docklands opened in buildings directly behind the statue in 2003.

"Father of the Island" in 1998

In 1998 an article in The Islander, a community newspaper sponsored by the Association of Island Communities on the local Isle of Dogs, published a photograph of the statue with another featuring Max Hebditch, at the time director of the Museum of London Docklands, with Roger Squire, at that time the Joint Chief Executive of the London Docklands Development Corporation, who had made the arrangements to return the statue to its original place. The article argued that Milligan was a genius who had persuaded the city merchants to build the West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs, rather than in Wapping. Dubbing Milligan "the father of the Isle of Dogs", the article called for Wednesday 12 July 2000 to be celebrated as the bicentenary of the laying of the docks' foundation stone in 1800.

Shrouding in 2007
In 2007, when the Museum of London Docklands opened the London, Sugar and Slavery gallery, the connection between the West India Dock, the sugar warehouses which now house the museum and the exploitation of enslaved Africans on West Indian sugar plantations was made explicit. The 1811 portrait of George Hibbert by Thomas Lawrence had been moved from a place where he had been revered as playing a heroic role in the creation of the dock to a position in the new gallery with a caption clarifying his role as a politician and slave owner who resisted the abolition of slavery. In November, at the time of the opening of the exhibition, the statue of Robert Milligan was shrouded in black cloth, tied up with rope – although this was removed after the event. The museum also elicited the thoughts of members of the public as regards the statue in relation to Milligan's involvement with the enslavement of Africans.

Removal in 2020

Following the vandalism and removal of Edward Colston's statue in Bristol by anti-racism protesters in response to the murder of George Floyd, a petition was launched to remove the statue of Milligan. Set up by Labour councillor Ehtasham Haque, it attracted 4,000 signatures in less than two days. He described the fact that the statue still existed in 2020 as "an insult to humanity". A series of evening protests was planned.

The statue was covered with a shroud by protesters, and placards were attached to it. On 9 June 2020, the Museum of London Docklands issued a statement saying how this made the statue an "object of protest", and said that they believed it should remain so for as long as the statue remained. They added that they "advocate for the statue of Robert Milligan to be removed on the grounds of its historical links to colonial violence and exploitation." Later that day, the statue was removed by the local authority, and the landowners the Canal & River Trust, to "recognise the wishes of the community". The statue was removed on the same day that Sadiq Khan announced plans to establish a Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm.

Museum ownership
In March 2022 the Canal & River Trust, which owned the statute, donated it to the Museum of London. The intention is to display the statute at the Museum of London Docklands in due course.

See also

 List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
 List of public art formerly in London
 List of public statues of individuals linked to the Atlantic slave trade
 Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests

References

Further reading

Statue of Robert Milligan
Statue of Robert Milligan
Statue of Robert Milligan
Monuments and memorials in London
Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
Sculptures by Richard Westmacott
Sculptures of men in the United Kingdom
Statues in London
Statues removed in 2020
Statue of Robert Milligan

Statue of Robert Milligan


Otto Arnold von Paykull (c.1662 – 4 February 1707) was a Livonian officer in the service of the Electorate of Saxony.

Early life
Otto Arnold von Paykull was born around 1662 in Swedish Livonia. He was a page at the Royal Court of Saxony in 1677 and in 1678 he joined the Saxonian Guard.

Military career

After some years in French service von Paykull returned to Saxony where he eventually became Lieutenant General around 1700. He was part of the Saxonian army that tried to stop the Swedish Crossing of the Daugava in 1701. He was injured during this fight and left the service for some years, but returned in 1704 to command a cavalry regiment.

In 1705, von Paykull was captured by the Swedes at the Battle of Warsaw. He was brought to Stockholm where he was executed on 4 February 1707 for high treason due to his service for Saxony, though being born in a Swedish province.  Known as an alchemist, he tried to escape execution by promising annual deliverance of gold to king Charles XII of Sweden but was rebuffed.

See also

Johann Patkul

References

  Otto Arnold Paijkull in Nordisk Familjebok (1914).

1662 births
1707 deaths
Baltic-German people
People from Swedish Livonia
People executed by the Swedish Empire
Executed German people
Executed Swedish people
18th-century executions by Sweden
German alchemists
17th-century alchemists
18th-century alchemists

Otto Arnold von Paykull


Raymond Asso (2 June 1901 – 24 October 1968) was a French lyricist.

Early life
Born in Nice, France, his parents separation saw him leave for Morocco at the age of 15. After his arrival he tried numerous professions, including: shepherd, factory worker, chauffeur and nightclub manager. Between 1916 and 1919 he enlisted as a Spahi (a member of a North African cavalry regiment in the French army), being deployed in Turkey and Syria. After a lack of success and satisfaction with these occupations, he eventually turned to writing in 1933, working on his own lyrics and poetry.

Career

Chanson
He began working in chanson but success eluded him until he met Édith Piaf in 1935. The French chanteuse became his lover and muse. Asso's writing became focused on providing lyrics for his new partner, penning numerous lyrics inspired by her. Asso became more than a partner to Piaf, acting as her mentor and teaching her how to dress and write well. This liberated her from the scandal involving the murder of her manager, Louis Leplée. Asso's songs from this era were put to the music of Marguerite Monnot, who became the regular composer for la Môme. During this period, Asso also wrote songs for Marie Dubas including "Le Fanion de la Légion" ("The Legion's Flag") and "Mon légionnaire" ("My Legionnaire").

Post-Piaf
In August 1939, Asso was called up to the French army due to World War II and his collaborations with Piaf were brought to an end. Asso was succeeded by Paul Meurisse as Piaf's wordsmith. After his service in the war Asso went on to write lyrics for other artists including Lucienne Delyle, Marcel Mouloudji and Renée Lebas. The 1950s were a prolific period for the writer and he also found commercial success with songs such as "Y'a tant d'amour" (sung by Renée Lebas) and "Un petit coquelicot" which was written for Marcel Mouloudji. Asso wrote songs for many of the French stars of the era:

Yves Montand ("Ninon, ma ninette")
Catherine Sauvage ("Berceuse pour demain", "Mon coeur battait", "Mon ami m'a donné", "Mais les vrais amoureux")
Jean Bretonnière ("C'est tant pis, c'est tant mieux")
Odette Laure ("Je suis nerveuse")
Tino Rossi ("Mon printemps", "O ma mie o ma Mireille")
André Dassary ("Des pays merveilleux")

In addition to his work as a chanson lyricist, Asso also recorded some albums of musical stories for children such as La légende du Père-Noël (The Legend of Father Christmas). Towards the end of his life Asso moved away from writing lyrics and between 1962 and 1968 he was administrator of the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique (SACEM). He died in 1968.

Bibliography and discography
Évangiles, Asso, Raymond - artwork by Jean Boullet, Paris, Éditions du Trois-Mâts (1947)
Le Sixième évangile, Asso, Raymond, C. R. Denoel, Paris (1950)
Récréation, Asso, Raymond, Paris, Nouvelles éditions Méridian (1952)
Silhouettes (1952)
Chansons d'hier et d'aujourd'hui (Songs of Yesterday and Today) (1953)
Le joli Noël du petit ressort de montre (Merry Christmas of the Watch Spring) (1959)
La légende du Père-Noël - conte : Livre-disque, Written by: Asso; Told by: Asso, Pierre Larquey; Music by Claude Valéry, France Adès; Released by Le Petit ménestrel (1965)

Works
"Mon amant de la Coloniale" (1936)
"Mon légionnaire" (1937)
"Un jeune homme chantait" (1937)
"J'entends la sirène" (1937)
"Le Chacal" (1937)
"Le contrebandier" (1937)
"Le mauvais matelot" (1937)
"Partance" (1937)
"Tout fout l'camp (1937)
"Le Fanion de la Légion" (1938)
"Paris-Méditerranée" (1938)
"C'est lui que mon cœur a choisi (avec Paul Colline)" (1938)
"Le grand voyage du pauvre nègre" (1938)
"Les marins ça fait des voyages" (1938)
"Madeleine qu'avait du coeur" (1938)
"Elle fréquentait la rue Pigalle" (1939)
"Je n'en connais pas la fin" (1939)
"Le petit monsieur triste" (1939)
"Les deux copains"
"Browning"
"On danse sur ma chanson" (1940)
"C'est l'histoire de Jésus"
"La java du bonheur du monde"
"Y'a tant d'amour" (1950)
"Comme un petit coquelicot" (1952)
"Ninon, ma ninette" (1954)
"C'est tant pis, c'est tant mieux" (1954)
"Berceuse pour demain" (1955)
"Je suis nerveuse" (1955)
"Mon cœur battait" (1956)
"Mon printemps" (1956)
"Mon ami m'a donné"
"Mais les vrais amoureux"
"O ma mie o ma Mireille"
"Des pays merveilleux"
"Un petit bouquet de violettes"
"La chanson du Marsupilami" (1960)
"Si les tambours" (1963)

References

Further reading
Crosland, Margaret, Piaf.
Chansons Sans Musique; Paris, Salabert, 1946
Auteurs et Compositeurs Biography

1901 births
1968 deaths
Musicians from Nice
20th-century French musicians

Raymond Asso


Nolina interrata is a rare species of flowering plant known by the common names Dehesa nolina and Dehesa beargrass. It is known from about ten occurrences in central San Diego County, California, and fewer than 100 individual plants on land across the border in Baja California. The plant was first described in 1946 when found at the type locality near El Cajon, California, and all the individuals known in California are located within a six-square-mile area there. Although rare, numbering about 9,000 plants total in existence, the species is relatively well protected in its habitat and a proposal for federal protected status was withdrawn.

This plant produces a branching stem, part of which grows underground, lined with rosettes of stiff, waxy, blue-green leaves, up to 45 per rosette. The leaves are thick and somewhat fleshy at the bases, and shreddy and serrated along the edges. The erect inflorescence may be up to 1.6 meters tall, bearing branches lined with tiny flowers each with six whitish tepals a few millimeters long. The fruit is a papery capsule containing reddish brown seeds about half a centimeter wide.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile
Flora of North America
Photo gallery

interrata
Flora of California
Flora of Baja California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of San Diego County, California
San Ysidro Mountains
Endangered biota of Mexico

Nolina interrata


Patuakhali is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division. This district is called "SagorKonna", which means daughter of sea. It is watered by the Bay of Bengal.

Subdivisions
There are 6 Upazilas/Thanas in this district. They are:
 Bauphal Upazila
 Dasmina Upazila
 Dumki Upazila
 Galachipa Upazila
 Kalapara Upazila
 Mirzaganj Upazila
 Patuakhali Sadar Upazila.

Economy
Agriculture is the profession of the most of the people. Fishing is also a prominent profession of this district. Thousands of boats go into the deep sea to fish and come back with tons of fish. Paddy, Jute, and different types of vegetables are the main product of agriculture sector.

References

Districts in Barisal Division

Patuakhali District


A plastid is a self-reproducing organelle of plants and algae. A plastome is the DNA genome of a plastid.p341 They are like tiny machines inside cells: each makes or stores important chemicals used by the plant.

Examples of plastids are:
 Chloroplasts: photosynthesis; other plastids may have developed from chloroplasts. Etioplasts are chloroplasts which have not been exposed to light.
 Chromoplasts: pigment synthesis and storage.
 Leucoplasts: colourless, make terpenes such as resin. Sometimes they develop into more specialized types of plastid:
 Amyloplasts: starch storage
 Elaioplasts: fat storage.
 Proteinoplasts: store & modify protein.
 Statoliths: detect gravity.

Plastids in algae
Plastids in algae and hornworts  may differ from plant plastids. In algae, the term "leucoplast" is used for all unpigmented plastids and their function differs from the leucoplasts of plants.

Glaucocystophytic algae contain muroplasts, which are similar to chloroplasts except that they have a cell wall, similar to that of prokaryotes. Rhodophytic algae contain rhodoplasts, which are red chloroplasts which allow the algae to photosynthesise to a depth of up to 268 metres.

Genetics and evolution
Plastids are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. In endosymbiont theory, plastids originated as cyanobacteria. This was first suggested by Mereschkowsky in 1905. Schimper in 1883 had said chloroplasts closely resembled cyanobacteria.

Almost all chloroplasts are thought to derive directly or indirectly from a single endosymbiotic event. Mitochondria also derive from symbiosis, but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista. The chloroplast is surrounded by a double-layered composite membrane with an intermembrane space; further, it has reticulations, or many infoldings, filling the inner spaces. The chloroplast has its own DNA, which codes for redox proteins involved in electron transport in photosynthesis.

References

Botany
Organelles
DNA

Plastid


Food engineering is a scientific, academic, and professional field that interprets and applies principles of engineering, science, and mathematics to food manufacturing and operations, including the processing, production, handling, storage, conservation, control, packaging and distribution of food products. Given its reliance on food science and broader engineering disciplines such as electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, industrial and agricultural engineering, food engineering is considered a multidisciplinary and narrow field.

Due to the complex nature of food materials, food engineering also combines the study of more specific chemical and physical concepts such as biochemistry, microbiology, food chemistry, thermodynamics, transport phenomena, rheology, and heat transfer. Food engineers apply this knowledge to the cost-effective design, production, and commercialization of sustainable, safe, nutritious, healthy, appealing, affordable and high-quality ingredients and foods, as well as to the development of food systems, machinery, and instrumentation.

History
Although food engineering is a relatively recent and evolving field of study, it is based on long-established concepts and activities. The traditional focus of food engineering was preservation, which involved stabilizing and sterilizing foods, preventing spoilage, and preserving nutrients in food for prolonged periods of time. More specific traditional activities include food dehydration and concentration, protective packaging, canning and freeze-drying . The development of food technologies were greatly influenced and urged by wars and long voyages, including space missions, where long-lasting and nutritious foods were essential for survival. Other ancient activities include milling, storage, and fermentation processes. Although several traditional activities remain of concern and form the basis of today's technologies and innovations, the focus of food engineering has recently shifted to food quality, safety, taste, health and sustainability.

Application and practices
The following are some of the applications and practices used in food engineering to produce safe, healthy, tasty, and sustainable food:

Refrigeration and freezing

The main objective of food refrigeration and/or freezing is to preserve the quality and safety of food materials. Refrigeration and freezing contribute to the preservation of perishable foods, and to the conservation some food quality factors such as visual appearance, texture, taste, flavor and nutritional content. Freezing food slows the growth of bacteria that could potentially harm consumers.

Evaporation
Evaporation is used to pre-concentrate, increase the solid content, change the color, and reduce the water content of food and liquid products. This process is mostly seen when processing milk, starch derivatives, coffee, fruit juices, vegetable pastes and concentrates, seasonings, sauces, sugar, and edible oil. Evaporation is also used in food dehydration processes. The purpose of dehydration is to prevent the growth of molds in food, which only build when moisture is present. This process can be applied to vegetables, fruits, meats, and fish, for example.

Packaging
Food packaging technologies are used to extend the shelf-life of products, to stabilize food (preserve taste, appearance, and quality), and to maintain the food clean, protected, and appealing to the consumer. This can be achieved, for example, by packaging food in cans and jars. Because food production creates large amounts of waste, many companies are transitioning to eco-friendly packaging to preserve the environment and attract the attention of environmentally conscious consumers. Some types of environmentally friendly packaging include plastics made from corn or potato, bio-compostable plastic and paper products which disintegrate, and recycled content. Even though transitioning to eco-friendly packaging has positive effects on the environment, many companies are finding other benefits such as reducing excess packaging material, helping to attract and retain customers, and showing that companies care about the environment.

Energy for food processing
To increase sustainability of food processing there is a need for energy efficiency and waste heat recovery. The replacement of conventional energy-intensive food processes with new technologies like thermodynamic cycles and non-thermal heating processes provide another potential to reduce energy consumption, reduce production costs, and improve the sustainability in food production.

Heat transfer in food processing
Heat transfer is important in the processing of almost every commercialized food product and is important to preserve the hygienic, nutritional and sensory qualities of food. Heat transfer methods include induction, convection, and radiation. These methods are used to create variations in the physical properties of food when freezing, baking, or deep frying products, and also when applying ohmic heating or infrared radiation to food. These tools allow food engineers to innovate in the creation and transformation of food products.

Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS)
A Food Safety Management System (FSMS) is "a systematic approach to controlling food safety hazards within a business in order to ensure that the food product is safe to consume." In some countries FSMS is a legal requirement, which obliges all food production businesses to use and maintain a FSMS based on the principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). HACCP is a management system that addresses food safety through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards in all stages of the food supply chain. The ISO 22000 standard specifies the requirements for FSMS.

Emerging technologies
The following technologies, which continue to evolve, have contributed to the innovation and advancement of food engineering practices:

Three-dimensional printing of food
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is the process of using digital files to create three dimensional objects. In the food industry, 3D printing of food is used for the processing of food layers using computer equipment. The process of 3D printing is slow, but is improving over time with the goal of reducing costs and processing times. Some of the successful food items that have been printed through 3D technology are: chocolate, cheese, cake frosting, turkey, pizza, celery, among others. This technology is continuously improving, and has the potential of providing cost-effective, energy efficient food that meets nutritional stability, safety and variety.

Biosensors
Biosensors can be used for quality control in laboratories and in different stages of food processing. Biosensor technology is one way in which farmers and food processors have adapted to the worldwide increase in demand for food, while maintaining their food production and quality high. Furthermore, since millions of people are affected by food-borne diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, biosensors are becoming an important tool to ensure the safety of food. They help track and analyze food quality during several parts of the supply chain: in food processing, shipping and commercialization. Biosensors can also help with the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), to help regulate GMO products. With the advancement of technologies, like nanotechnology, the quality and uses of biosensors are constantly being improved.

Milk pasteurization by microwave
When storage conditions of milk are controlled, milk tends to have a very good flavor. However, oxidized flavor is a problem that affects the taste and safety of milk in a negative way. To prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria and extend the shelf life of milk, pasteurization processes were developed. Microwaved milk has been studied and developed to prevent oxidation compared to traditional pasteurized milk methods, and it has been concluded that milk has a better quality when it has microwaved milk pasteurization.

Education and training

In the 1950s, food engineering emerged as an academic discipline, when several U.S. universities included food science and food technology in their curricula, and important works on food engineering appeared. Today, educational institutions throughout the world offer bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in food engineering. However, due to the unique character of food engineering, its training is more often offered as a branch of broader programs on food science, food technology, biotechnology, or agricultural and chemical engineering. In other cases, institutions offer food engineering education through concentrations, specializations, or minors. Food engineering candidates receive multidisciplinary training in areas like mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, microbiology, nutrition, and law.

Food engineering is still growing and developing as a field of study, and academic curricula continue to evolve. Future food engineering programs are subject to change due to the current challenges in the food industry, including bio-economics, food security, population growth, food safety, changing eating behavior, globalization, climate change, energy cost and change in value chain, fossil fuel prices, and sustainability. To address these challenges, which require the development of new products, services, and processes, academic programs are incorporating innovative and practical forms of training. For example, innovation laboratories, research programs, and projects with food companies and equipment manufacturers are being adopted by some universities. In addition, food engineering competitions and competitions from other scientific disciplines are appearing.

With the growing demand for safe, sustainable, and healthy food, and for environmentally friendly processes and packaging, there is a large job market for food engineering prospective employees. Food engineers are typically employed by the food industry, academia, government agencies, research centers, consulting firms, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare firms, and entrepreneurial projects. Job descriptions include but are not limited to food engineer, food microbiologist, bioengineering/biotechnology, nutrition, traceability, food safety and quality management.

Challenges

Sustainability
Food engineering has negative impacts on the environment such as the emission of large quantities of waste and the pollution of water and air, which must be addressed by food engineers in the future development of food production and processing operations. Scientists and engineers are experimenting in different ways to create improved processes that reduce pollution, but these must continue to be improved in order to achieve a sustainable food supply chain. Food engineers must reevaluate current practices and technologies to focus on increasing productivity and efficiency while reducing the consumption of water and energy, and decreasing the amount of waste produced.

Population growth
Even though food supply expands yearly, there has also been an increase in the number of hungry people. The world population is expected to reach 9-10 billion people by 2050 and the problem of malnutrition remains a priority. To achieve food security, food engineers are required to address land and water scarcity to provide enough growth and food for undernourished people. In addition, food production depends on land and water supply, which are under stress as the population size increases. There is a growing pressure on land resources driven by expanding populations, leading to expansions of croplands; this usually involves the destruction of forests and exploitation of arable land. Food engineers face the challenge of finding sustainable ways to produce to adapt to the growing population.

Human health
Food engineers must adapt food technologies and operations to the recent consumer trend toward the consumption of healthy and nutritious food. To supply foods with these qualities, and for the benefit of human health, food engineers must work collaboratively with professionals in other domains such as medicine, biochemistry, chemistry, and consumerism. New technologies and practices must be developed to increase the production of foods that have a positive impact on human health.

See also

 Pharmaceuticals
 Food science
 Food technology
 Aseptic processing
Dietary supplement
Food and biological process engineering
Food fortification
Food preservation
Food rheology
Food supplements
Future food technology
Nutraceutical
Nutrification
 Food and Bioprocess Technology
 Food safety
 Food chemistry
 Food physical chemistry
 Pasteurization
 Food dehydration
 Biosensors
 Biochemistry
 Microbiology
 Food quality
 Stabiliser

References

Engineering disciplines

Food science
Food industry

Food engineering


The Potsdam Conference was a meeting of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States in Potsdam, Germany from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Clement Attlee), the President of the United States (Harry S. Truman) and the dictator of the Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin) met to talk about Germany on July 1945 and to discuss what should happen to it now that the Second World War was over.

The first conference was held at Yalta, but the Allies did not agree on anything very important. However, a lot had happened since the Yalta Conference. Firstly, the United States had a new president, Truman, who was much tougher on communism than the previous president, Franklin Roosevelt, had been, which was a problem for Stalin. Also, Winston Churchill had been voted out in the United Kingdom and replaced by Clement Attlee. Stalin saw himself as far more experienced than the new leaders and also caused trouble, as some of what the allies agreed on at Yalta was that Poland should have a neutral government. Stalin had killed the neutral government leaders and replaced them others, who did what he wanted. That caused many problems at Potsdam since other countries no longer trusted the Soviets.

The agreements

The allies talked about and agreed:
 Germany would be temporarily split into four pieces (occupation zones), one occupied by France, one by the Soviet Union, one by the United States, and one by the United Kingdom.
A large piece of eastern Germany would become Polish, and the Germans in it would be expelled.
 Nazi criminals would be judged and sentenced.
 Germany would be demilitarised.

The disagreements
The allies talked about but did not agree on the following:
 How to separate Germany
 How much money Germany would pay to the winners of the war
 How Stalin was treating Poland
 How much land Poland would have

Related pages
 Potsdam Declaration
 Yalta Conference

Other websites
 A revision site for IGCSE students
 The Aims of The Allies in depth - not recommended for Simple Wikipedia users
 The events of Potsdam in depth  - not recommended for Simple Wikipedia users
 A CNN webpage on Potsdam, very in depth  - not recommended for Simple Wikipedia users

1945 in Germany
Potsdam
World War II

Potsdam Conference


Flow is a term used in psychology to mean the mental state of a person completely immersed in an activity. It is an altered state of consciousness. The person is fully focused, performing actively and successfully. The situation is widely recognized by phrases like in the zone, in the bubble, on the ball, in the moment, wired in, in the groove. The performer almost loses touch with their surroundings: phrases like "lost to the world" reflect this mental absorption.

The term flow was given to this experience by a psychologist, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. He said it was completely focused motivation. The hallmark of flow is a feeling of spontaneous joy, even rapture, while performing a task. Flow is also described as a deep focus on nothing but the activity – not even oneself or one's emotions.

A flow state can be entered while performing any activity, although it is most likely to occur when one is wholeheartedly performing a task or activity for intrinsic purposes. Intrinsic purposes involve anything that someone does merely because they want to. Extrinsic activities will not cause flow to occur. Extrinsic activities are anything that someone does because there is some other force causing them to do it. Extrinsic activities will not cause flow to occur. Passive activities like taking a bath or even watching TV usually do not elicit flow experiences as individuals have to actively do something to enter a flow state. While the activities that induce flow may vary and be multifaceted, Csikszentmihályi asserts that the experience of flow is similar despite the activity.

Components of flow
Csíkszentmihályi identifies the following ten factors as accompanying an experience of flow:<ref name=Finding>Csíkszentmihályi, Mihály 1996. Finding flow: the psychology of engagement with everyday life. Basic Books.  [a popular exposition emphasizing technique]</ref>

 Clear goals. Expectations and rules are known and goals are attainable and within one's skills and abilities.  Moreover, the challenge level and skill level should both be high.
 Concentrating: a high degree of concentration on a limited field of attention (a person engaged in the activity will have the opportunity to focus and to delve deeply into it).
 A loss of the feeling of self-consciousness.
 Distorted sense of time, one's sense of time is altered.
 Direct and immediate feedback (successes and failures in the course of the activity are apparent, so that behavior can be adjusted as needed).
 A balance between ability level and challenge: the activity is neither too easy nor too difficult.
 A sense of control over the situation or activity.
 The activity is intrinsically rewarding, so there is an effortlessness of action.
 A lack of awareness of bodily needs (to the extent that one can reach a point of great hunger or fatigue without realizing it)
 Absorption into the activity, narrowing of the focus of awareness down to the activity itself, action awareness merging''.
Not all are needed for flow to be experienced.

Other factors
Flow operates on both physical and mental tasks. It applies to dance, football, chess and many other areas where people perform tasks in well-defined competitive situations, but also in art where the situation may be much more open. Evidence about flow comes from interviews with people after various types of performance. Efforts are being made to develop ways of enhancing flow for personal and commercial benefit.

Some of the challenges to staying in flow include states of apathy, boredom, and anxiety. Being in a state of apathy is characterized by having little to no challenges in a situation. A person's skill level is also characterized as apathy when the person has a general lack of interest in the task at hand. Boredom is a slightly different state in that it occurs when challenges are low, but one's skill level exceeds those challenges causing one to seek higher challenges. A state of anxiety occurs when challenges are so high that they exceed one's perceived skill level causing one great distress and uneasiness.

References

Psychology

Flow (psychology)


, also known as , were the original male geisha of Japan.

History
The Japanese version of the jester,  were once attendants to  (feudal lords) from the 13th century, originating from the Ji sect of Pure Land Buddhism, which focused on dancing. These men both advised and entertained their lord and came to be known as  ('comrades'), who were also tea ceremony connoisseurs and artists. By the 16th century, they became known as  or  ('storytellers'), where they focused on storytelling, humour, and conversation. They were sounding boards for military strategies and they battled at the side of their lord.

A time of peace began in the 17th century and the  and  no longer were required by their lords, and so they had to take on a new role. They changed from being advisors to becoming pure entertainers, and a number of them found employment with the , high-class Japanese courtesans.  ("Laughs to Banish Sleep"), a collection of comic stories written by Sakuden Anrakuan, was compiled during this time.

"Geisha" means "arts person", while  was the formal name for "jester".  was a less formal name for these men, which literally means "drum () bearer", though not all of them used the drum. It could also have been a corrupted way of saying "to flatter someone". These three terms came into use during the 17th century. In 1751 the first  (female geisha) arrived at a party and caused quite a stir. She was called  ("arts girl"), which is still the term for geisha in Kyoto today. By the end of the 18th century these  outnumbered  to the point that, having become so few in number, they became known as  ("male geisha"). The geisha even took over from the  due to their artistic skills, their contemporary outlook and their sophistication. The men continued to assist the women – this time the geisha – in the entertainment field.

Decline
In Geisha: The Secret History of a Vanishing World, Lesley Downer wrote that in Yoshiwara in 1770, there were 16 female geisha and 31 male geisha. In 1775 there were 33 female geisha, but still 31 male geisha. But in 1800 there were 143 female geisha and 45 male geisha. The females started to take over the field and the role of the males was again changed – this time the males took on the role of supporting the women at parties.

There were between five or six hundred  in Japan during the peak of their popularity. Since then, the geisha have started to decline due to the popularity of the  (café girls) in the 1920s and to westernisation. This in turn, caused the decline of the . Their decline sped up with World War II, and the  continue to decline today. Although there are still small communities of geisha in Kyoto and Tokyo, there are only eight  in Japan. Four  are in Tokyo, one is in Kyoto.

Shichiko
In Geisha: The Secret History of a Vanishing World, Lesley Downer interviewed  Shichiko, a  from Tokyo. She calls  the party masters who ensure that the guests have a fun time at the party by telling jokes, telling erotic tales and acting out skits, playing games and drinking . These parties, like with geisha, can be very expensive.  Shichiko joked that  – that a man who spends all of his time and money on  will fall into ruin and his wife will kick him out, and he will have nothing left to do but become a  himself. Apparently this is why a lot of men became  in earlier times.

As part of his repertoire, Ms. Downer was shocked by one particular skit – one that is a classic erotic skit. The  pretends to be talking to a pretend  (patron) who obviously wants to have sex. The  explains that he is not homosexual, and that he is called a geisha, but the pretend  is impatient. So the  gives in to please the client, and acts out (half hidden by a screen) the sex with moans and rolling of eyes, until the climax. The  then gets a tissue to 'clean up'. The audience roared with laughter because they all knew that this was a joke, making fun of how geisha and  please their customers.

Arai
The Kyoto , Taikomochi Arai, wants to promote this traditional art both in Japan and around the world. He entertains at  (geisha parties) with  and geisha as well as striking out on his own, to try to keep his profession alive. He tells sophisticated erotic stories and is well versed in performing arts for the parties, keeping the party lively and fun for the guests. This sort of entertainment is grounded in the fertility related banquet () linked with the agriculture of ancient Japan. He also plays games at the  as well as acting out stories, singing or dancing – making a merry and enjoyable party for the guests.

Outside of these , he responds to requests for his performance and appearance at various events including home parties for women which focus on the history and culture of . He also gives lectures at the Asahi Culture Centers in Osaka and Kobe, writes newspaper columns and has his own radio show about Japan's traditional entertainment culture. He has also published a book,  ("The Essence of Timing in Performing Arts"). He was involved with giving advice for the  character in the movie . He runs his own web site about his profession, and hopes to share the history and culture of the  with the world.  He comments:

References
Geisha:The Secret History of a Vanishing World, Downer, Lesley, 2001, Headline,

External links
 Taikomochi or Houkan, the Male Counterpart to the Geisha (Original source of this entry)
Taikomochi Arai home page

Japanese culture
Japanese prostitutes
Types of geisha
Male prostitutes by type
Japanese male prostitutes

Taikomochi


Bank of America is a multinational bank group. Its headquarters is in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company has 5,600 branches in over 150 countries. It is the fifth largest company in the United States. It is one of the "Big Four" Banks in the United States. It manages about 10.73% of all money put into banks. It directly competes with other big banks, like as JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo.

Several of the banks which became Bank of America were involved in the slave trade.

Bank of Italy
Bank of America was created in October 17, 1904. However, it was not called Bank of America yet. It was called Bank of Italy. Bank of Italy was created by Amadeo Pietro Giannini in San Francisco. A different bank, which was called Bank of America, was created in 1922, in Los Angeles. In 1928, the two banks merged with other banks, and created another bank, also called Bank of Italy. In November 3, 1930, the bank's name was changed into Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association. Afterwards, they merged with many more banks (such as Banca d'America e d'Italia,  Bancitaly Corporation, and many more banks).

References

Banks of the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1923 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies based in North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina

Bank of America


François Girard  (born January 12, 1963) is a French Canadian director and screenwriter from Montreal. Born in Saint-Félicien, Quebec, Girard's career began on the Montreal art video circuit. In 1990, he produced his first feature film, Cargo; he attained international recognition following his 1993 Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould, a series of vignettes about the life of piano prodigy Glenn Gould. In 1998, he wrote and directed The Red Violin, which follows the ownership of a red violin over several centuries. The Red Violin won an Academy Award for Best Original Score, thirteen Genie Awards and nine Jutra Awards.

He has also directed various works for the stage, including Stravinsky's Symphony of Psalms, Oedipus Rex, and Alessandro Baricco's Novecento at the Edinburgh International Festival; Kafka's The Trial, adapted for the stage by Serge Lamothe at the National Arts Centre, Ottawa; the oratorio Lost Objects at the Brooklyn Academy of Music; Siegfried in Toronto; and The Lindbergh Flight and The Seven Deadly Sins, first in Lyon and then in Edinburgh. Girard has also produced a residency show for Cirque du Soleil, Zed, in Tokyo and Zarkana, which opened at Radio City Music Hall in New York in the summer of 2011.

In 2013, the Metropolitan Opera in New York opened a new production of Richard Wagner's Parsifal directed by Girard. The production received near universal acclaim from critics and audiences alike.

His television credits include Le dortoir, Peter Gabriel's Secret World and The Sound of the Carceri, one of the six episodes of Yo Yo Ma Inspired by Bach.

Filmography
Cargo (1990)
Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould (1993)
The Red Violin (1998)
Silk (2007)
Boychoir (2014)
Hochelaga, Land of Souls (2017)
The Song of Names (2019)

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Film directors from Quebec
Best Director Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Canadian male screenwriters
Best Screenplay Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Canadian theatre directors
Best Director Jutra and Iris Award winners
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
Screenwriters from Quebec

François Girard


In the domain of digital audio, a control surface is a human interface device (HID) which allows the user to control a digital audio workstation or other digital audio application.  Generally, a control surface will contain one or more controls that can be assigned to parameters in the software, allowing tactile control of the software. As digital audio software is complex and can play any number of functions in the audio chain, control surfaces can be used to control many aspects of music production, including virtual instruments, samplers, signal processors, mixers, DJ software, and music sequencers.

Since control surfaces are designed to perform different functions, they vary widely in size, shape and number and type of controls. A basic control surface for mixing resembles a traditional analogue mixing console, featuring faders, knobs (rotary encoders), and buttons that can be assigned to parameters in the software. Other control surfaces are designed to give a musician control over the sequencer while recording, and thus provide transport controls (remote control of record, playback and song position). Control surfaces are often incorporated into MIDI controllers to give the musician more control over an instrument. Control surfaces with motorized faders can read and write mix automation.

The control surface connects to the host computer via many different interfaces. MIDI was the first major interface created for this purpose, although many devices now use USB, FireWire, or Ethernet.

Examples
 Smart AV Tango - A hybrid controller with a 22" touch screen, compatible with major DAWs for MAC & PC.
 M-Audio ProjectMix - Control surface that can control many different applications.
 Mackie Control - Serves a similar purpose as the ProjectMix.

External links
 An introduction to control surfaces

Audio electronics

Audio control surface


Desmond Ryan (1893–1964) was an Irish writer, historian, and in his earlier life a revolutionary in Sinn Féin.

Life
Ryan was born in London, on 27 August 1893, son of the Templemore, Tipperary-born London journalist William Patrick Ryan, editor of the Peasant and Irish Nation and assistant editor of the London Daily Herald, and his wife, Elizabeth.
He came to Ireland in 1906, aged 13, with his mother and sister, and studied at St Enda's School, Rathfarnham, under headmaster and founder Padraig Pearse; later he taught in the school and was briefly Pearse's secretary.

Ryan attributed to Pearse the saying "[G]ive me a hundred men and I will free Ireland!" Ryan became part of a group of former students lodging in St Enda's while they went to university who joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood. They used to meet in a safe house at Rathfarnham in 1911. The men took the tram from Rathfarnham to Nelson's Pillar in Central Dublin. Pearse once told his friend, "Let them talk! I am the most dangerous revolutionary of the whole lot of them!" In 1911, the Dungannon Clubs would revive the Volunteers Militia movement. These clubs were not initially successful in Dublin, but were more so in Belfast amongst nationalists. One of the northern members the Dubliner Oscar Traynor, in his youth a professional footballer with Belfast Celtic F.C., later a war hero and later again a politician and Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

At this stage, according to Ryan, Pearse was a constitutional nationalist who spoke for Home Rule from a platform shared with Tom Kettle and John Redmond, and refused to hear any criticism of the Irish Parliamentary Party. But on the foundation of the Ulster Volunteer Force by Edward Carson and the approach of World War I, Pearse became increasingly sure that Ireland could not achieve independence except by force, and began with Thomas MacDonagh, Éamonn Ceannt, Joseph Plunkett, Thomas Clarke, Bulmer Hobson and others to plan the Rising.

Eoin MacNeill was appointed leader of the Irish Volunteers; Ryan wrote that Pearse told him MacNeill was "too tactful" — Pearse was a risk-taker and idealist; MacNeill was prepared to entertain the Irish Parliamentary Party with negotiations. Ryan quotes Pearse as saying:

[MacNeill] has the reputation of being tactful, but his tact consists in bowing to the will of the Redmondites every time. He never makes a fight except when they assail his personal honour, when he bridles up at once... very delicate position... he is weak, hopelessly weak.

He told Ryan that MacNeill was "a Grattan come to life again". Henry Grattan was a constitutional orator and MP in the Protestant-only 18th-century Irish House of Commons, but one of those who fiercely opposed the notorious 1801 Act of Union, secured by massive bribery (which was then repaid out of Irish taxes), making Ireland part of the United Kingdom. Moreover, MacNeill was an "inconclusive ditherer"; he wanted the Irish Volunteers to be apolitical.

The Easter Rising was preceded by the revelation of the "Castle Document", a plan by the British government to arrest the leaders of the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army and other radicals. Ryan claimed that this document, presented to MacNeill on the Wednesday before the Rising and said to have been stolen from high-ranking British staff in Dublin Castle, was a forgery. It has been claimed that it was concocted by Joseph Plunkett with the implicit approval of Catholic Archbishop Cullen of Dublin, a sympathiser with Dublin Castle and Redmond's war stratagem. "Forgery is a strong word," Ryan said, "but that in its final form the document was a forgery no doubt can exist whatever". Modern interpretation from Charles Townshend has judged the document to be genuine, and the opinion attributed to the Archbishop's Palace as circumstantial. Grace Gifford, Plunkett's widow, said that she was with Plunkett when he deciphered it at Larkfield House. Prior to his execution, Seán Mac Diarmada was met by a priest, and made the assumptive response that it was a fraudulent document.

Ryan fought through the Easter Rising from 24 March 1916 in the GPO under murderous artillery fire, and describes the battle vividly in his witness statement to the Bureau of Military History; he describes the garrison retreating to Moore Street and quotes Pearse's sculptor brother Willie Pearse, who would be executed a few days later, as saying "Connolly has been asked out to negotiate. They have decided to go to save the men from slaughter, for slaughter it is."

Ryan fought in the War of Independence, and afterwards wrote about his experiences; however, the Civil War which followed from June 1922 to April 1923 repelled him; he could not accept that Irishmen would fight Irishmen.

He returned to his studies in University College Dublin, and after taking his BA followed his father into journalism, working for the Freeman's Journal. In 1922, he moved to London to work on the Daily Herald. He wrote books on Pearse, James Connolly, Éamon de Valera, Seán Treacy and John Devoy, and on Fenianism as well as writing on the Rising and the War of Independence.

He married Sarah Hartley in 1933. In 1939 they returned to Ireland, where he edited the Torch, a Labour paper. Finding his views at odds with the Labour Party's official line, publication ceased in 1944. Husband and wife then moved to Swords in north County Dublin, where they ran a poultry farm. Desmond Ryan died on 23 December 1964.

Writings
 The Man Called Pearse (1919)
 James Connolly (Dublin 1924)
 Remembering Sion (London 1934)
 Unique Dictator: A Study of Eamon de Valera (London 1936)
 Sean Treacy and the Third Tipperary Brigade, IRA (Tralee 1945)
 The Rising: The Complete Story of Easter Week (Dublin 1949)
 Michael Collins and the invisible army (1932, reprinted 1968)
 The Phoenix Flame: a study of Fenianism and John Devoy (1937)
 The sword of light: from the four masters to Douglas Hyde 1636–1938 (1939)
 The 1916 Poets (1963)
 The Fenian Chief: a Biography of James Stephens (1967)

Editor
 The Story of a Success (by PH Pearse with a concluding chapter by Ryan) 1917
 Socialism and Nationalism (1948)
 Labour and Easter Week (1949)
 The workers' republic (1951)
 Devoy's post bag (with William O'Brien) (1948, 1953)
 Pearse: Collected Works (1924)

Translation
 Patrick H Pearse by Louis Le Roux (1932)

References

Writers from Dublin (city)
1893 births
1964 deaths
20th-century Irish male writers
Alumni of University College Dublin
People of the Easter Rising
Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members
20th-century Irish non-fiction writers
20th-century Irish historians
People educated at St. Enda's School

Desmond Ryan


Magnox is a teep o nuclear pouer/production reactor that was designed tae run on natural uranium with graphite as the moderator an caurbon dioxide gas as the heat exchange coolant. It belongs tae the wider class o gas cooled reactors. The name magnox comes from the magnesium-alumeenium alloy used tae clad the fuel rods inside the reactor. Like a nummer o other "Generation I nuclear reactors", the Magnox was designed with the dual purpose o producin electric pouer and plutonium-239 for the nascent nuclear wappens programme in Breetain. The name refers specifically tae the Unitit Kinrick design but is sometimes used generically tae refer tae any similar reactor.

Like other plutonium-producin reactors, conservin neutrons is a key element o the design. In Magnox, the neutrons are moderated in muckle blocks o graphite. The efficiency o graphite as a moderator allows the Magnox tae run usin natural uranium fuel, in contrast tae the more common commercial light watter reactor which requires slightly enriched uranium. Graphite oxidizes readily in air, so the core is cooled bi caurbon dioxide (CO2), which is then pumped in tae a heat exchanger tae generate steam tae drive conventional steam turbine equipment for pouer production.

The "dual use" capability o the Magnox design led tae the UK buildin up a muckle stockpile o fuel grade/"reactor grade" plutonium, with the aid of the B205 reprocessin facility. The Low-to-interim burnup feature o the reactor design would become responsible for changes to US regulatory classifications after the US-UK "Reactor-grade" plutonium detonation test o the 1960s. Despite improvin its electricity generating capabilities in later decades, marked bi the transition to electric-power becomin the primary operational aim, Magnox reactors were never capable of consistently generating high efficiency/high fuel "burn-ups" due to the handicap of its design an natural uranium heritage, compared with pressurized watter reactors, the most widespread power reactor design.

In total, only a few dozen reactors o this teep were constructed, most o them in the Unitit Kinrick from the 1950s tae the 1970s, with very few exported tae other kintras. The first Magnox reactor tae come online was Calder Hall (at the Sellafield site) in 1956, frequently regarded as the "first commercial-scale electricity producing reactor in the world", while the last in Breetain tae shut down was Reactor 1 at Wylfa Nuclear Pouer Station in 2015. North Korea remains the only operator tae continue usin Magnox style reactors as o 2016, at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center. The Magnox design was superseded by the Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor, which is similarly cuiled but includes a nummer o changes tae improve its economic performance.

Nuclear pouer reactor teeps

Magnox


Terry Deitz (born October 10, 1959) is an American retired U.S. Navy pilot, television host, and two-time contestant on the American reality television show Survivor, where he placed third in the 12th season. He also competed in the 31st season, placing 15th. He is currently a commercial airline pilot and host of Great Planes on the Military Channel.

Biography
Deitz was born and raised in Matawan, New Jersey. He was a student at St. John Vianney High School and also attended the United States Naval Academy, where he played Varsity Division I baseball. He graduated Annapolis in 1982.

Deitz served on the USS Carl Vinson with VF-51 flying the F-14 Tomcat and then served at the west coast Replacement Air Group as an instructor. He attended pilot school in Pensacola in 1984.  He left active service in 1992, and continued flying in the Navy Reserves with VR-52, on Logistics missions around the world. He retired in 2001 with the rank of Commander and is currently a pilot with American Airlines.

Deitz married his wife Trish in 1991. The couple have two children, Kayla and Daniel, and reside in Simsbury, Connecticut.

Deitz has been an athlete throughout his life and competed in baseball, basketball, football, swimming, and wrestling. He earned 11 varsity awards in high school and was named to the All State Baseball 1st Team. He was the quarterback of his high school team and led them to their first undefeated regular season and first state playoffs.  Also, his daughter Kayla was a lacrosse midfielder at San Diego State University.

Survivor

Panama
Deitz competed on Survivor: Panama — Exile Island in 2005. He was noted for dominating the challenges, with an unbroken string winning five immunity challenges and four reward challenges. He was also the first contestant to find a hidden immunity idol at Exile Island. However, because of his prowess in the immunity challenges, he never had to play it. Deitz finished in third place, behind Aras Baskauskas (winner) and Danielle DiLorenzo (runner-up).

With five consecutive immunity challenge wins, Deitz is currently tied with Colby Donaldson of Survivor: The Australian Outback for the record of the highest number of consecutive immunity challenge wins in Survivor history. He is also tied with Donaldson, Tom Westman, Ozzy Lusth, Mike Holloway, and Brad Culpepper for the record of most immunity challenge wins in a season overall. Also, with four additional reward challenge wins, Deitz is tied with Holloway for the record of the highest number of overall post-merge challenge wins in a single season. However, he is the only one of these five individuals to have never reached the finals.

After his appearance on Survivor: Panama, Deitz was considered one of the ten past castaways to return for the 16th season, Survivor: Micronesia, but was ultimately cut. He was also considered to return for the 27th season, Survivor: Blood vs. Water, where he would have competed alongside his daughter, but was cut from consideration since his daughter was then under the minimum age requirement.

Cambodia
On May 6, 2015, it was revealed that Deitz was one of the 16 men eligible to be voted in by viewers for Survivor's 31st season, Survivor: Cambodia. He was one of two representatives on the ballot from Panama, the other being Shane Powers. It was later revealed that Deitz and Powers had formed a pre-game alliance consisting of themselves, Jeff Varner (from Survivor: The Australian Outback) and Kelly Wiglesworth (from Survivor: Borneo). Although Powers did not make it onto the season, the other three members all were voted in and originally were placed on the same tribe, Ta Keo. After the tribal split on Day 7, from two tribes to three, Deitz was one of only two contestants who remained on the Ta Keo tribe, the other being Kelley Wentworth. On Day 10, Deitz won second place for his tribe in the "heroes duel" reward challenge. On Day 13, host Jeff Probst came to the Ta Keo camp in the middle of the night to inform Terry about his son Danny's heart condition, and Deitz immediately pulled himself from the game.

Other projects
On November 1, 2006, Deitz hosted The History Channel's Modern Marvels show on the final flight of the F-14 Tomcat.

In December 2007, Deitz was hired by Afterburner Seminars.  A team of 50 men and women fighter pilots who travel around the world working with Fortune 100 and Fortune 500 companies and other top organizations, teaching and preparing them for a fighter pilots view of Flawless Execution. As a main speaker for the group, he interacts with the leaders of these companies to mold presentations and programs.

In 2008, Deitz began work on a pilot combining "history with some elements of Survivor and Survivorman" with his cousin, former All My Children actor Mark La Mura.

In early 2012, Deitz took over from Maj. Paul "Max" Moga, when Deitz began hosting the third season of the TV series Great Planes on the Military Channel, ending each show with his personal tagline, "Your six is clear".

References

External links
Terry Deitz biography for Survivor: Panama at CBS.com

1959 births
Living people
Commercial aviators
People from Matawan, New Jersey
St. John Vianney High School (New Jersey) alumni
Survivor (American TV series) contestants
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Aviators
Military personnel from New Jersey

Terry Deitz


Eve Gallagher is an English singer from Sunderland, County Durham associated with the house music scene.

Career
Eve Gallagher first came to prominence in 1990 with the release of her debut single "Love Come Down". Released on Boy George's More Protein record label, it was a transatlantic club success featuring remixes from David Morales.

Her second single was "Love is a Master of Disguise", produced and mixed by DMC's Steve Anderson, of Brothers In Rhythm. A third release, "Heaven Has To Wait" ensued in early 1992, to be followed by "Change Your Mind". A remix of the latter track by Hooj Choons' in-house remix team Diss-Cuss proved to be an underground hit.

In 1995 "Love Come Down" was released in the US featuring new mixes from Evolution to complement the original David Morales version. The track was subsequently re-issued in the UK on Cleveland City, featuring additional mixes by Cow & Gate and T-Empo.

Gallagher's biggest club and chart success arrived in late 1995 with the house and hardbag anthem "You Can Have It All". Two distinct versions were featured on the release - the 'Rhyme Time' mix with the Germanic trance variation by Ramp.

Following the success of "Love Come Down 95" and "You Can Have It All", Gallagher's debut album Woman Can Have It was released in the UK and the US in 1996. Produced by Boy George, Amos Pizzey and Evolution, it featured variations of older singles such as "Heaven Has To Wait" and "Change Your Mind" as well as newer material.

In July 1996 "Heartbreak" was released by Mrs Wood featuring Eve Gallagher. The track was playlisted by BBC Radio 1.

In 2002 Gallagher also co-wrote and sang the dance hit "Take It or Leave It" for DJ Antoine.

In 2007 she was asked, alongside singers like Glenn Hughes, John Lawton and Jørn Lande, to sing the ballad "Think Twice" on Ken Hensley's latest album Blood On The Highway, an autobiographical account of his life as a member of Uriah Heep. A DVD is available of the live performance of the Blood On The Highway showcase which took place in Hamburg. Gallagher is currently working on a new album, produced and written by her husband Yves Poli with Uli Heinzler. Her new project is called "Galacteve" together with Poli and Heinzler, a live band set up which mixes a fusion of house, electronica and rock. See www.galacteve.com

In 2022 Cleveland City Records Re-Release their hit classic Eve Gallagher - You Can Have It All, with brand new remixes from Danny Mr Jay/Paul Orwin/PhunkAgenda.

Discography

Albums
 Woman Can Have It (Cleveland City UK/Radikal U.S.)
 STRAY (galacteve/Bellaphon International Germany)

Singles
 November 1990 "Love Come Down" (UK #61)
 May 1991 "Love Is A Master Of Disguise" (US Hot Dance Club Play #19)
 January 1992 "Heaven Has To Wait"
 March 1994 "Change Your Mind" (UK #78)
 April 1995 "You Can Have It All" (UK #43)
 October 1995 "Love Come Down" (re-recording) (UK #57, US Hot Dance Club Play #40)
 June 1996 "Heartbreak" (Mrs Wood featuring Eve Gallagher) (UK #44)
 September 1996 "Last Night" (UK #171)
 January 2016 "Walk the Streets" (Adrian Martin featuring Eve Gallagher)
 October 2022 "You Can Have It All" (2022 Mixes) (Cleveland City)

References

External links
www.evegallagher.com
Gallagher profile at Discogs.com
Eve Gallagher's MySpace page
Galacteve's MySpace page
Galacteve's Official Website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English dance musicians
Musicians from Sunderland
Gallagher, Eve

Eve Gallagher