Jamie Darren Noon (born 9 May 1979 in Goole) is a retired rugby union footballer who played at centre.

Career

Hard-running centre Noon joined the Newcastle Falcons for the 1998-99 Allied Dunbar Premiership, after a letter from one of his school teachers alerted the club to a player who had been totally missed by the representative rugby system in Yorkshire.

Playing for Fyling Hall School and Whitby RFC at the time, once the Falcons had seen his talents first hand, he was drafted into the academy squad straightaway. Whilst at Newcastle he started in both the 2001 and 2004 Anglo-Welsh Cup finals as Newcastle emerged victorious from both.

"Noonie" as he is known to close friends went on to graduate from Northumbria University with a sports science degree, while his on-field activity was equally successful as he made two first team appearances in his first year at the club.

Later that year he represented England in the Sanzar Under-21 tournament, what would later go on to become the IRB Under-21 World Championship, while his first Premiership try duly came early in the 1999–00 season away to the London Wasps.

As well as representing the England Under-21s he played for the North of England and England Students, while in the 1999–00 season he played for the England Sevens on the IRB Sevens circuit, including in the Hong Kong Sevens.

A supremely consistent performer, in 2003 Noon smashed the record for consecutive Premiership appearances when he started his 50th league game in a row.

Full international recognition came in the summer of 2001 when he started three Tests for England on their North American tour – two against Canada and one versus the United States, with the Goole-born player scoring his first Test try in the second of the two clashes against the Canadians.

In 2003 he played in England's warm-up matches for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, although he was to agonisingly miss out on selection for the tournament itself. He did, however, go on to be named Falcons player of the year for the 2003-04 Zurich Premiership.

England Saxons honours in the 2004 Churchill Cup followed as he played against Canada and scored in the final against the New Zealand Maori, while the 2004-05 Zurich Premiership was to prove a major success as he was named joint vice captain of the Falcons.

Drafted into a new-look England back line, Noon started all five matches for England during the 2005 Six Nations Championship, rounding it off with a historic hat-trick in the final match of the tournament against Scotland at Twickenham. Married to wife Rachel, both she and new baby boy Lewis were there in the stands to witness it first hand.

His England caps continued to come throughout the 2006 Six Nations Championship and the summer tour to Australia.

Noon was a part of the England squad that made it to the final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, Noon played in the first couple of pool matches, but picked up a knee injury in the 36–0 defeat to South Africa.

Mathew Tait took his spot at outside centre which proved to be very pivotal, as Noon's young Newcastle teammate was one of England's standout players throughout the tournament, in particular the final where he ran 50 meters and evaded 5 Springboks tacklers, only to be pulled down a few metres short by a great cover tackle by Victor Matfield.

However through hard work and a retirement to veteran Mike Catt, Noon was re-instated at centre for England's 2008 Six Nations Championship campaign, he played in every match, apart from the defeat to Wales, and was one of England's best players throughout the tournament despite only coming away with three wins.

Noon was particularly impressive in the final match against Ireland where he scored a try and pulled off a number of hard hits, it caused many commentators to say he played well, and to also be awarded "Man of the Match" ahead of an impressive Danny Cipriani.

Noon went on the summer tour to New Zealand, which was marred by controversy involving England players' off-field antics. England lost both matches heavily.

References

External links
 Newcastle profile
 England profile
 Jamie Noon photo by sportingheroes

1979 births
Living people
Alumni of Northumbria University
England international rugby union players
English expatriate rugby union players
English expatriate sportspeople in France
English rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Newcastle Falcons players
People educated at Fyling Hall School
People from Goole
Rugby union players from Goole
CA Brive players
Rugby union centres

Jamie Noon


The Los Angeles River (also called: El Rio De Nuestra Senora La Reina De Los Angeles De Porciuncula or Porciuncula River; Spanish: River of the Angels; informally LA River) is a river flowing through Los Angeles County, California, in the United States. About  long, it flows from Canoga Park south and west to its end at the Long Beach Harbor, in San Pedro Bay, part of the Pacific Ocean. The basin is rimmed by the San Gabriel Mountains, Santa Monica Mountains and Santa Susana Mountains, as well as several smaller mountain ranges. Much of the water that flows in the Los Angeles River flows in from tributaries that come from the mountains.

The river was once free-flowing, winding across a floodplain that occupied much of the Los Angeles Basin. With its frequent floods, it often changed course, causing erosion and depositing silt in other places. When the city of Los Angeles had its first settlers around the 1850s, the river was its main water source. With the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, the Los Angeles River was no longer needed as a water source. Today, the Los Angeles River runs in a fixed course through a concrete channel for nearly its whole length. It is heavily polluted. The primary source of water during summer and fall is the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant in Van Nuys. Plans for restoration of the river are being discussed.

Watershed

The watershed of the Los Angeles River covers 834 square miles (2,135 square kilometers). The Santa Monica Mountains and smaller Simi Hills border it on the east side. On the west side lies the San Gabriel Mountains and Santa Susana Mountains. Seven major tributaries flow into the Los Angeles River: Burbank Western Channel, Aliso Wash, Tujunga Wash, Verdugo Wash, Arroyo Seco, Compton Creek, and Rio Hondo. 360 square miles (920 square kilometers) of the watershed are open space, while the remaining 474 square miles (1,215 square kilometers) are highly developed with all kinds of land uses.

The river officially begins in a place called Canoga Park, in the San Fernando Valley. Bell Creek and Calabasas Wash (Arroyo Calabasas or Calabasas Creek; Calabasa is Spanish for "pumpkin") flow from opposite sides of the valley to a point () where the Los Angeles River officially begins. At this point, the river already flows in a concrete channel. In times of flood, the channel can move between  per hour to up to
 or even  per hour.

Tujunga Wash, Aliso Wash, and Brown's Canyon Wash join the river from the left. The river flows on to a basin called the Sepulveda basin, controlled by a dam at its southeastern end. This basin is incredibly rich in wildlife and plants. Normally, there wouldn not be a year-round flow of water here. But because of 75 million gallons of water flowing into the river every day from the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant, there is an year-round flow of water. This water is not suitable to be drinking water, but is safe to touch.

An important tributary, Verdugo Wash, flows in from the left. The Verdugo Wash begins in the Verdugo Hills and flows west to the Los Angeles River. Uniquely, the intersection of Interstate 5 and Route 134 is located right above this point. The Los Angeles River makes a great bend west around Griffith Park, a big park in the middle of Los Angeles. Here, the river has an earthen bottom, which is unique because most of the river is covered with concrete. Further downstream, there is a place uniquely named "Frogtown" because of the many frogs once found in the river there.  Downstream from this place, the river picks up another important tributary, Arroyo Seco, on the left. (The name "Arroyo Seco" means "dry creek" in Spanish.) The Arroyo Seco begins in the San Gabriel Mountains and flows south to the Los Angeles River. One important feature of the Arroyo Seco is the giant Devil's Gate Dam. The Arroyo Seco is free-flowing in many places.

After flowing a few more miles, the Los Angeles River becomes very wide. The final large tributary, Rio Hondo (Spanish for "deep river") flows in from the left, in the city of South Gate. Notably, the sediment here is over  deep. Here, the threat of floods is always present. In fact, in a flood in 1992, the water was only a few inches below the top of the riverbank. As the river approaches San Pedro Bay and eventually the Pacific Ocean, it passes by the RMS Queen Mary, a retired ocean liner now a museum and hotel.

History

Original river
The Los Angeles River was originally a free-flowing river, running across a wide basin that would periodically flood. The river would have heavy flows in the winter and spring (rainy season) and little to no flow in the summer and fall (dry season). However, water being forced out of an aquifer below the Los Angeles Basin gave parts of the river an year-round flow. This phenomenon can still be seen today, most notably in a place called Griffith Park where water rises out of the ground and feeds the river.

Native American era to Spanish settlement
The river was used for hundreds of years by pre Columbian natives as a source of drinking water and food. When Spanish explorers came to the area in the 1760s, they named the river the Porciuncula, seeing that it was a good site for a settlement. The full name they gave the river was actually El Río de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciúncula, which translated to English means: The River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciúncula. (Porciuncula is a small church in Italy.) But they were to soon find out, the Los Angeles River had, and still has, a long history of floods. Many times when the river flooded, it would change course from Ballona Creek, a stream flowing into Santa Monica Bay on the northeast; to its original channel flowing into San Pedro Bay. One big flood in 1825, it left Ballona Creek and flowed into its old channel, and Ballona Creek became a separate,  long waterway. It still is that way today.

Late 1800s to early 1900s
The city of Los Angeles rose beside the Los Angeles River, inland at the site of the old Spanish settlement. In 1889, San Pedro Bay, the place where the river flows into, was chosen as the city harbor. A series of railroads were needed to connect the city with the port. The most logical route was beside the river, since that was the smoothest land. With the railroads came industry, which rose up all along the lower Los Angeles River. With its disastrous flood history, and the fact that it was too shallow for boats, the river was finally forced into a concrete channel beginning in 1938.

Los Angeles Flood of 1938
1938 was the same year that a terrible flood struck the region. From February 27 to March 1, 1938, a storm approached the California coast. Over 4.4 inches (11 cm) of rain fell. That was the equivalent of one-fourth the average yearly rainfall in the area. Finally, on 5:45 AM on March 4, the rain ended, and the flood slowly dropped in level. it seemed similar to the earlier flood in 1934. Everyone thought that it was already over, but it was not. 15 hours later, another storm hit Southern California, dumping another 6-10 inches (15–25 cm) of rain. The soils of the region could not take in any more water from the rains of the past few days. The three major rivers in the region, the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and the Santa Ana, burst their levees and flooded three California counties.

It was the 5th largest flood in the recorded history of the area. 5,601 houses were destroyed, 1,500 houses were damaged, and 800 cars were trapped in the mud. But Los Angeles County was not as affected as neighboring Riverside County and Orange County, for it was those two counties that suffered the worst floods.

However, the flood was not as bad as it could have been. Fourteen flood control dams in the mountains and around the Los Angeles area held back huge amounts of water, which would otherwise add to the flood. These dams included the Hansen Dam, Big Tujunga Dam, and San Gabriel No. 1 and No. 2. At its peak, the Los Angeles River's flow was about 38,000 cubic feet (1,076 cubic meters) per second. The  nearby San Gabriel River's flow, though, approached 100,000 cubic feet (2,832 cubic meters) per second. Most flooded of all was the "crazy-mad" Santa Ana River, which looked like a "slightly smaller version of the Mississippi."

Restoration
Many restoration efforts to convert the river from a concrete-lined channel back to its natural state have been proposed recently. Also, some river conservation groups, most notably Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR) have been created.

The Los Angeles River Master Plan was created in 1991 as a plan to restore a large stretch of the river and one of its large tributaries, the Tujunga Wash. Part of the incentive for the project is because the Great Wall of Los Angeles, one of the largest murals in the world, is painted on the wall of the Tujunga Wash. Other than that, the plan seeks to improve recreation, health, property value, environment, and education in the communities surrounding the river; by building a series of parks. This helps to increase the open space available in Los Angeles; its open space percentage is uncharacteristically low. For example, the city of Boston has 9% open space, over twice as much as Los Angeles' 4% open space.

Notably, the City of Los Angeles agreed in 2007, by a 12-0 vote, to spend some $2 billion USD over the next 50 years. The money will be used to fund over 200 separate projects, including parks, walkways, and pedestrian bridges; along a  stretch of the river. Some factories and other buildings near the river will be removed so houses can be built closer to the river.

Riverside communities
The biggest city beside the Los Angeles River is Los Angeles. There are many other cities and towns that lie beside the river.

 Canoga Park
 Reseda
 Van Nuys
 Sherman Oaks
 Studio City
 Universal City
 Toluca Lake
 Burbank
 Glendale
 Los Feliz

 Atwater Village
 Elysian Valley
 Glassell Park
 Cypress Park
 Chinatown
 Lincoln Heights
 Boyle Heights
 Vernon
 East Los Angeles
 South Central Los Angeles

 Maywood
 Commerce
 Bell
 Bell Gardens
 Cudahy
 South Gate
 Lynwood
 Paramount
 Compton
 Long Beach

Crossings
Bridges that cross the Los Angeles River. Crossings are listed from south to north.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
 Ballona Creek

South along coast
 San Gabriel River

References

Other websites

 Friends of the Los Angeles River
 Photo Tour of the Los Angeles River (from Canoga Park to South Gate)
 Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan Index
 Los Angeles River Railroads

Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
Geography of Los Angeles

Los Angeles River


A truncated octahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 14 faces: 8 are hexagons, 6 are squares.  It is obtained by cutting the edges of an octahedron. Each corner of the octahedron has four connections. Cutting the corner will therefore replace it with a square.

Octahedron

Truncated octahedron


Şalom (, ) is a Jewish weekly newspaper published in Turkey. Its name is the Turkis spellin o the Ebreu wird שלום (Shalom). It wis established on 29 October 1947 bi the Turkis Jewish journalist Avram Leyon. It is printed in Istanbul an is published ilka Wadensday. Apairt frae a body Ladino page, it is published in Turkis. İvo Molinas is its publisher. Yakup Barokas is its editor-in-chief. Its circulation is aboot 5,000.

Fremmit airtins
 Şalom online edeetion
 Şalom online edeetion

Newspapers published in Istanbul
Weekly newspapers
Jewish newspapers
Turkis-leid newspapers
Ladino-leid newspapers
Publications established in 1947
Jewish Turkis history
1947 establishments in Turkey

Şalom


James Duncan Hyndman, CBE (July 29, 1874 – October 11, 1971) was a Canadian politician, lawyer, and judge. He served as a municipal councillor in Edmonton, Alberta, and was the youngest person ever appointed to the Supreme Court of Alberta.

Early life

Hyndman was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island on July 29, 1874. He graduated from the Prince of Wales College in Charlottetown and articled as a lawyer with Angus Alexander McLean, the Member of Parliament for Queen's, and was called to the Prince Edward Island bar in 1899. The same year, he moved to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, where he practised law with his uncle in the firm MacDonald and Hyndman. He came to Edmonton in 1903, and worked with the firm Kennedy and Hyndman (which would become Hyndman and Hyndman in 1905).

In 1902 he married Ethel Davies, with whom he would have five children.

Political career

Hyndman served as president of the Alberta Conservative Association from 1907 until 1909. During this time, he ran unsuccessfully for the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative candidate in the riding of Edmonton; he finished second to Liberal Frank Oliver in a two-person race.

He ran for Edmonton City Council in the 1909 election and was elected to a two-year term, finishing second of ten candidates. He did not run for re-election at the term's conclusion. He ran for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1913 provincial election as a Conservative in Sturgeon, but was defeated by Liberal John R. Boyle (himself a former Edmonton alderman). This was his last attempt at elected office.

Judicial career

In 1914, Hyndman became the youngest person ever to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Alberta. He served in this capacity until 1931, when he became the President of the Canadian Pension Appeal Court in Ottawa, a position he held until 1940. From 1940 until 1942 he served as Wartime Rental and Salaries Controller, in which capacity he heard appeals by German and Italian prisoners in Canada and supervised the Excess Profits Tax Act.

Between 1951 and 1954, Hyndman served as deputy judge of the Exchequer Court of Canada. He was also commissioner of the War Claims Commission and the Great Lakes Security Acts Board. In 1961-1962 he advised Finance Minister Donald Fleming on claims by Canadians against Japan as a result of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Personal life, death, and legacy

Hyndman was an active Mason. He was inducted as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1948.

His grandson, Lou Hyndman, served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (representing Edmonton West from 1967 until 1971 and Edmonton-Glenora from 1971 until 1986) and provincial treasurer.

James Duncan Hyndman died October 11, 1971, at the age of 97. Hyndman Crescent and Road, streets in Edmonton, are named in his honour.

References
Edmonton Public Library biography of James Hyndman
City of Edmonton biography of James Hyndman
Report to the Edmonton City Council Executive Committee including a list of aldermen who have been honoured in the names of Edmonton's features

1874 births
1971 deaths
Edmonton city councillors
Lawyers in Prince Edward Island
Lawyers in Manitoba
Lawyers in Alberta
Judges in Alberta
Politicians from Charlottetown
Canadian people of Scottish descent
University of Prince Edward Island alumni
Canadian Anglicans
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta candidates in Alberta provincial elections

James Hyndman (politician)


Gregory Stapleton D.D. (1748–23 May 1802) was an English Roman Catholic bishop. While president of St. Omer's English College, he and his students were imprisoned during the French Revolution.

Life
Born at Carlton, Yorkshire, he was seventh son of Nicholas Stapleton, by his third wife, Winifred, daughter of John White of Dover Street, London. He went to the English College, Douai, in 1762. Ten years later, then a deacon, he was appointed professor of music. On his ordination, a year later, he became procurator of the college, and he retained that post for more than twelve years.

In 1787, he was appointed president of the English College at St. Omer, in succession to Alban Butler. About three years after the outbreak of the French Revolution he and the students of the English colleges at St. Omer and Douai were imprisoned in the citadel of Doullens. In 1795 he obtained leave to go to Paris, and after difficulties he procured from the directory an order for the release of all the students, sixty-four in number. They were conveyed to England in an American vessel, and landed at Dover on 2 March 1795.

Soon afterwards Stapleton, with Bishop John Douglass, went to the Duke of Portland and William Pitt, to solicit their approval of a plan for converting the school at Old Hall Green, near Ware, Hertfordshire, into a Catholic college. The duke had previously known Stapleton, and he and Pitt gave them encouragement. Stapleton took his students to Old Hall Green, and on 19 August 1795 the first stone was laid of St. Edmund's College, Ware. Stapleton presided over it till the autumn of 1800, when, having accompanied the Rev. John Nassau to Rome on a secret mission, he was raised to the episcopate.

Stapleton's appointment to be titular bishop of Hierocæsarea and vicar apostolic of the Midland district, in succession to Charles Berington, was approved by the pope on 29 May 1800, and he was consecrated on 8 March 1801. He took up his residence at Longbirch near Wolverhampton, and employed one of his former students, Thomas Walsh, as secretary. (Walsh would later become Vicar Apostolic of the London District.)

Stapleton died at St. Omer on 23 May 1802, and was succeeded as vicar apostolic by John Milner.

References

Attribution

1748 births
1802 deaths
Apostolic vicars of England and Wales
18th-century English Roman Catholic priests

Gregory Stapleton


Barry Lyndon is a 1975 historical drama film written, directed, and produced by Stanley Kubrick, based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray. Starring Ryan O'Neal, Marisa Berenson, Patrick Magee, Leonard Rossiter, and Hardy Krüger, the film recounts the early exploits and later unravelling of an 18th-century Anglo-Irish rogue and golddigger who marries a rich widow to climb the social ladder and assume her late husband's aristocratic position.

Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange. He had originally intended to direct a biopic on Napoleon, but lost his financing because of the commercial failure of the similar 1970 Dino De Laurentiis-produced Waterloo. Kubrick eventually directed Barry Lyndon, set partially during the Seven Years' War, utilising his research from the Napoleon project. Filming began in December 1973 and lasted roughly eight months, taking place in England, Ireland, and Germany.

The film's cinematography has been described as ground-breaking. Especially notable are the long double shots, usually ended with a slow backwards zoom, the scenes shot entirely in candlelight, and the settings based on William Hogarth paintings. The exteriors were filmed on location in England, Ireland, and Germany, with the interiors shot mainly in London. The production had problems related to logistics, weather, and politics (Kubrick feared that he might be an IRA hostage target).

Barry Lyndon received seven nominations at the 48th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning four for Best Scoring: Original Song Score and Adaptation or Scoring: Adaptation,
Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design. Although some critics took issue with the film's slow pace and restrained emotion, its reputation, like that of many of Kubrick's works, has grown over time.  In the 2022 Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll, Barry Lyndon placed 12th in the directors' poll and 45th in the critics' poll.

Plot

Part I: By What Means Redmond Barry Acquired the Style and Title of Barry Lyndon

In 1750s Ireland, Redmond Barry's father is killed in a duel. Barry becomes infatuated with his cousin Nora Brady, and shoots her suitor British Army captain John Quin in a duel. He flees but is robbed by highwaymen on his way to Dublin. Penniless, Barry enlists in the British Army. Family friend Captain Grogan informs him that Quin is not dead: the duel was staged so that Nora's family can get rid of Barry and improve their finances through her marriage to Quin.

Barry serves with his regiment in Germany in the Seven Years' War, but deserts after Grogan is fatally wounded in a skirmish against the French Royal Army. Masquerading as a British lieutenant, he has a brief affair with Frau Lieschen, a peasant woman. On his way to Bremen, Barry encounters the Prussian Captain Potzdorf, who sees through his ruse and impresses him into the Prussian Army. Barry later saves Potzdorf's life and receives commendation from Frederick the Great.

At the end of the war, Barry is employed by Potzdorf's uncle in the Prussian Ministry of Police. The Prussians suspect the Chevalier de Balibari, a professional gambler, of spying for the Austrians, and have Barry become his servant. Barry confides everything to the Chevalier, a fellow Irishman, and they become confederates. After they cheat the Prince of Tübingen at cards, the Prince refuses to pay his debts, and the Chevalier in turn demands satisfaction. The Prussians, still suspecting the Chevalier, arrange to have both him and Barry expelled from the country.

Barry and the Chevalier travel across Europe, perpetrating gambling scams, with Barry forcing payment from debtors with sword duels. In Spa, he encounters the beautiful and wealthy Lady Lyndon. He seduces her, and her elderly husband Sir Charles Lyndon dies from apoplexy, induced by Barry's goading and verbal repartee.

Part II: Containing an Account of the Misfortunes and Disasters Which Befell Barry Lyndon

In 1773, Barry marries Lady Lyndon, takes her last name and settles in England. Lord Bullingdon, Lady Lyndon's ten-year-old son by Sir Charles, despises Barry. Barry responds by physically abusing him. The Countess bears Barry a son, Bryan Patrick, but the marriage is unhappy: Barry is openly unfaithful and squanders his wife's wealth while keeping her in seclusion.

A few years later, Barry's mother comes to live with him. She warns him that if Lady Lyndon were to die, Bullingdon would inherit everything, and advises him to obtain a title to protect himself. To this end, he cultivates the influential Lord Wendover and spends large sums of money to ingratiate himself with high society. Bullingdon, now a young adult, disrupts a party Barry throws for Lady Lyndon; he declares his hatred for his stepfather and states that he will leave the family estate as long as Barry remains there. Barry assaults Bullingdon until physically restrained. He becomes ostracised by society and plunges further into financial ruin.

An overindulgent father, Barry gifts Bryan a full-grown horse for his ninth birthday, leading to his death in a riding accident. Barry turns to alcohol, while Lady Lyndon seeks solace in religion, assisted by the Rev. Samuel Runt, who had been tutor to Bullingdon and Bryan. Barry's mother dismisses Runt, for fear that his influence will worsen Lady Lyndon's condition. Lady Lyndon attempts suicide. Runt and Graham, the family's steward, then seek out Bullingdon, who returns and challenges Barry to a duel.

After Bullingdon nervously misfires the first shot, Barry magnanimously fires into the ground. Bullingdon refuses to end the duel and shoots Barry in the leg, forcing the leg to be amputated below the knee. While Barry is recovering, Bullingdon takes control of the Lyndon estate. He offers Barry 500 guineas a year on the condition that he leaves England forever. With his credit exhausted, Barry accepts. Barry resumes his gambling profession, though without his former success. In December 1789, a middle-aged Lady Lyndon signs Barry's annuity cheque as her son looks on.

Cast

Critic Tim Robey suggests that the film "makes you realise that the most undervalued aspect of Kubrick's genius could well be his way with actors." He adds that the supporting cast is a "glittering procession of cameos, not from star names but from vital character players."

The cast featured Leon Vitali as the older Lord Bullingdon, who then became Kubrick's personal assistant, working as the casting director on his following films, and supervising film-to-video transfers for Kubrick. Their relationship lasted until Kubrick's death. The film's cinematographer, John Alcott, appears at the men's club in the non-speaking role of the man asleep in a chair near the title character when Lord Bullingdon challenges Barry to a duel. Kubrick's daughter Vivian also appears (in an uncredited role) as a guest at Bryan's birthday party.

Other Kubrick featured regulars were Leonard Rossiter (2001: A Space Odyssey), Steven Berkoff, Patrick Magee, Godfrey Quigley, Anthony Sharp, and Philip Stone (A Clockwork Orange). Stone went on to feature in The Shining.

Production

Development
After completing post production on 2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick resumed planning a film about Napoleon. During pre-production, Sergei Bondarchuk and Dino De Laurentiis' Waterloo was released, and failed at the box office. Reconsidering, Kubrick's financiers pulled funding, and he turned his attention towards an adaptation of Anthony Burgess's 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange. Subsequently, Kubrick showed an interest in Thackeray's Vanity Fair but dropped the project when a serialised version for television was produced. He told an interviewer, "At one time, Vanity Fair interested me as a possible film but, in the end, I decided the story could not be successfully compressed into the relatively short time-span of a feature film ... as soon as I read Barry Lyndon I became very excited about it."

Having earned Oscar nominations for Dr. Strangelove, 2001: A Space Odyssey and A Clockwork Orange, Kubrick's reputation in the early 1970s was that of "a perfectionist auteur who loomed larger over his movies than any concept or star". His studio—Warner Bros.—was therefore "eager to bankroll" his next project, which Kubrick kept "shrouded in secrecy" from the press partly due to the furore surrounding the controversially violent A Clockwork Orange (particularly in the UK) and partly due to his "long-standing paranoia about the tabloid press." Kubrick was initially rumored to be developing an adaptation of Arthur Schnitzler's 1926 novell Dream Story, which would serve as the source material for his later film Eyes Wide Shut (1999).

Having felt compelled to set aside his plans for a film about Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1972 Kubrick set his sights on Thackeray's 1844 "satirical picaresque about the fortune-hunting of an Irish rogue," Barry Lyndon, the setting of which allowed Kubrick to take advantage of the copious period research he had done for the now-aborted Napoleon. At the time, Kubrick merely announced that his next film would star Ryan O'Neal (deemed "a seemingly un-Kubricky choice of leading man") and Marisa Berenson, a former Vogue and Time magazine cover model, and be shot largely in Ireland. So heightened was the secrecy surrounding the film that "Even Berenson, when Kubrick first approached her, was told only that it was to be an 18th-century costume piece [and] she was instructed to keep out of the sun in the months before production, to achieve the period-specific pallor he required."

Screenplay
Kubrick based his adapted screenplay on William Makepeace Thackeray's The Luck of Barry Lyndon (republished as the novel Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq.), a picaresque tale written and published in serial form in 1844.

The film departs from the novel in several ways. In Thackeray's writings, events are related in the first person by Barry himself. A comic tone pervades the work, as Barry proves both a raconteur and an unreliable narrator. Kubrick's film, by contrast, presents the story objectively. Though the film contains voice-over (by actor Michael Hordern), the comments expressed are not Barry's, but those of an omniscient narrator. Kubrick felt that using a first-person narrative would not be useful in a film adaptation:

Kubrick made several changes to the plot, including the addition of the final duel.

Principal photography
Principal photography lasted 300 days, from spring 1973 through to early 1974, with a break for Christmas. Kubrick initially wished to film the entire production near his home in Borehamwood, but Ken Adam convinced him to relocate the shoot to Ireland. The crew arrived in Dublin in May 1973. Jan Harlan recalls that Kubrick "loved his time in Ireland – he rented a lovely house west of Dublin, he loved the scenery and the culture and the people".

Many of the exteriors were shot in Ireland, playing "itself, England, and Prussia during the Seven Years' War." Kubrick and cinematographer Alcott drew inspiration from "the landscapes of Watteau and Gainsborough," and also relied on the art direction of Ken Adam and Roy Walker. Alcott, Adam and Walker were among those who would win Oscars for their work on the film.

Several of the interior scenes were filmed in Powerscourt House, an 18th-century mansion in County Wicklow. The house was destroyed in an accidental fire several months after filming (November 1974), so the film serves as a record of the lost interiors, particularly the "Saloon" which was used for more than one scene. The Wicklow Mountains are visible, for example, through the window of the saloon during a scene set in Berlin. Other locations included Kells Priory (the English Redcoat encampment) Blenheim Palace, Castle Howard (exteriors of the Lyndon estate), Huntington Castle, Clonegal (exterior), Corsham Court (various interiors and the music room scene), Petworth House (chapel), Stourhead (lake and temple), Longleat, and Wilton House (interior and exterior) in England, Lavenham Guildhall at Lavenham in Suffolk (amputation scene), Dunrobin Castle (exterior and garden as Spa) in Scotland, Dublin Castle in Ireland (the chevalier's home), Ludwigsburg Palace near Stuttgart and Frederick II of Prussia's Neues Palais at Potsdam near Berlin (suggesting Berlin's main street Unter den Linden as construction in Potsdam had just begun in 1763). Some exterior shots were also filmed at Waterford Castle (now a luxury hotel and golf course) and Little Island, Waterford. Moorstown Castle in Tipperary also featured. Several scenes were filmed at Castletown House in Celbridge, County Kildare, outside Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary, and at Youghal, County Cork.

The filming took place in the backdrop of some of the most intense years of the Troubles in Ireland, during which the Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA) was waging an armed campaign in order to unite the island. On 30 January 1974, while filming in Dublin City's Phoenix Park, shooting had to be cancelled due to the chaos caused by 14 bomb threats. One day a phone call was received and Kubrick was given 24 hours to leave the country; he left within 12 hours. The phone call alleged that the Provisional IRA had him on a hit list and Harlan recalls "Whether the threat was a hoax or it was real, almost doesn't matter ... Stanley was not willing to take the risk. He was threatened, and he packed his bag and went home" Production of the film was one-third completed when this occurred, and it was rumored that the film would be abandoned. Nonetheless, Kubrick continued shooting the remaining two-thirds of the film at locations in southern England and Germany.

Cinematography

The film, as with "almost every Kubrick film", is a "showcase for [a] major innovation in technique." While 2001: A Space Odyssey had featured "revolutionary effects," and The Shining would later feature heavy use of the Steadicam, Barry Lyndon saw a considerable number of sequences shot "without recourse to electric light." The film's cinematography was overseen by director of photography John Alcott (who won an Oscar for his work), and is particularly noted for the technical innovations that made some of its most spectacular images possible. To achieve photography without electric lighting "[f]or the many densely furnished interior scenes… meant shooting by candlelight," which is known to be difficult in still photography, "let alone with moving images."

Kubrick was "determined not to reproduce the set-bound, artificially lit look of other costume dramas from that time." After "tinker[ing] with different combinations of lenses and film stock," the production obtained three super-fast 50mm lenses (Carl Zeiss Planar 50mm f/0.7) developed by Zeiss for use by NASA in the Apollo Moon landings, which Kubrick had discovered. These super-fast lenses "with their huge aperture (the film actually features the lowest f-stop in film history) and fixed focal length" were problematic to mount, and were extensively modified into three versions by Cinema Products Corp. for Kubrick to gain a wider angle of view, with input from optics expert Richard Vetter of Todd-AO. The rear element of the lens had to be 2.5 mm away from the film plane, requiring special modification to the rotating camera shutter. This allowed Kubrick and Alcott to shoot scenes lit in candlelight to an average lighting volume of only three candela, "recreating the huddle and glow of a pre-electrical age." In addition, Kubrick had the entire film push-developed by one stop.

Although Kubrick and Alcott sought to avoid electric lighting where possible, most shots were achieved with conventional lenses and lighting, but were lit to deliberately mimic natural light rather than for compositional reasons. In addition to potentially seeming more realistic, these methods also gave a particular period look to the film which has often been likened to 18th-century paintings (which of course depict a world devoid of electric lighting), in particular owing "a lot to William Hogarth, with whom Thackeray had always been fascinated."

The film is widely regarded as having a stately, static, painterly quality, mostly due to its lengthy, wide-angle long shots. To illuminate the more notable interior scenes, artificial lights called "Mini-Brutes" were placed outside and aimed through the windows, which were covered in a diffuse material to scatter the light evenly through the room rather than being placed inside for maximum use as most conventional films do.  In some instances, the natural daylight was allowed to come through, which when recorded on the film stock used by Kubrick showed up as blue-tinted compared to the incandescent electric light.

Despite such slight tinting effects, this method of lighting not only gave the look of natural daylight coming in through the windows, but it also protected the historic locations from the damage caused by mounting the lights on walls or ceilings and the heat from the lights. This helped the film "fit… perfectly with Kubrick's gilded-cage aesthetic – the film is consciously a museum piece, its characters pinned to the frame like butterflies."

Music

The film's period setting allowed Kubrick to indulge his penchant for using classical music, and the film score includes pieces by Vivaldi, Bach, Handel, Paisiello, Mozart, and Schubert. The piece most associated with the film, however, is the main title music, Handel's Sarabande from the Keyboard suite in D minor (HWV 437). Originally for solo harpsichord, the versions for the main and end titles are performed with strings, timpani, and continuo. The score also includes Irish folk music, including Seán Ó Riada's song "Women of Ireland", arranged by Paddy Moloney and performed by The Chieftains. "The British Grenadiers" also features in scenes with Redcoats marching.

Charts

Certifications

Box office and reception

Contemporaneous
The film "was not the commercial success Warner Bros. had been hoping for" within the United States, although it fared better in Europe. In the US it earned $9.1 million. Ultimately, the film grossed a worldwide total of $31.5 million on an $11 million budget.

This mixed reaction saw the film (in the words of one retrospective review) "greeted, on its release, with dutiful admiration – but not love. Critics… rail[ed] against the perceived coldness of Kubrick's style, the film's self-conscious artistry and slow pace. Audiences, on the whole, rather agreed…"

Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four and wrote that it "is almost aggressive in its cool detachment. It defies us to care, it forces us to remain detached about its stately elegance." He added, "This must be one of the most beautiful films ever made." Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the film "another fascinating challenge from one of our most remarkable, independent-minded directors." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three and a half stars out of four and wrote "I found 'Barry Lyndon' to be quite obvious about its intentions and thoroughly successful in achieving them. Kubrick has taken a novel about a social class and has turned it into an utterly comfortable story that conveys the stunning emptiness of upper-class life only 200 years past." He ranked the film fifth on his year-end list of the best films of 1975. Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "the motion picture equivalent of one of those very large, very heavy, very expensive, very elegant and very dull books that exist solely to be seen on coffee tables. It is ravishingly beautiful and incredibly tedious in about equal doses, a succession of salon quality still photographs—as often as not very still indeed." The Washington Post wrote, "It's not inaccurate to describe 'Barry Lyndon' as a masterpiece, but it's a deadend masterpiece, an objet d'art rather than a movie. It would be more at home, and perhaps easier to like, on the bookshelf, next to something like 'The Age of the Grand Tour,' than on the silver screen." Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote that "Kubrick has taken a quick-witted story" and "controlled it so meticulously that he's drained the blood out of it," adding, "It's a coffee-table movie; we might as well be at a three-hour slide show for art-history majors."

This "air of disappointment" factored into Kubrick's decision for his next film, an adaption of Stephen King's The Shining, a project that would not only please him artistically, but was more likely to succeed financially.

Re-evaluation
Over time, the film has gained a more positive reaction. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 88% based on 81 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Cynical, ironic, and suffused with seductive natural lighting, Barry Lyndon is a complex character piece of a hapless man doomed by Georgian society." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 89 out of 100 based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Roger Ebert added the film to his 'Great Movies' list on 9 September 2009 and increased his original rating from three and a half stars to four, writing, "Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon, received indifferently in 1975, has grown in stature in the years since and is now widely regarded as one of the master's best. It is certainly in every frame a Kubrick film: technically awesome, emotionally distant, remorseless in its doubt of human goodness."

The Village Voice ranked the film at number 46 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list in 1999, based on a poll of critics. Director Martin Scorsese has named Barry Lyndon as his favourite Kubrick film, and it is also one of Lars von Trier's favourite films. Barry Lyndon was included on Times All-Time 100 best movies list. In the 2012 Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll, Barry Lyndon placed 19th in the directors' poll and 59th in the critics' poll. The film ranked 27th in BBC's 2015 list of the 100 greatest American films. In the 2022 Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll, Barry Lyndon placed 12th in the directors' poll and 45th in the critics' poll.

In a list compiled by The Irish Times critics Tara Brady and Donald Clarke in 2020, Barry Lyndon was named the greatest Irish film of all time.

The Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa cited the movie as one of his 100 favorite films.

Awards and nominations

Thematic analysis
The main theme explored in Barry Lyndon is one of fate and destiny. Barry is pushed through life by a series of key events, some of which seem unavoidable. As Roger Ebert says, "He is a man to whom things happen." He declines to eat with the highwayman Captain Feeney, where he would most likely have been robbed, but is robbed anyway farther down the road. The narrator repeatedly emphasizes the role of fate as he announces events before they unfold on screen, like Bryan's death and Bullingdon seeking satisfaction. This theme of fate is also developed in the recurring motif of the painting. Just like the events featured in the paintings, Barry is participating in events which always were.

Another major theme is between father and son. Barry lost his father at a young age and throughout the film he seeks and attaches himself to father-figures. Examples include his uncle, Grogan, and the Chevalier. When given the chance to be a father, Barry loves his son to the point of spoiling him. This contrasts with his role as a father to Lord Bullingdon, whom he disregards and punishes.

See also
List of American films of 1975
Overlord – the 1975 Stuart Cooper WWII film John Alcott also worked on
Cinema of Ireland

Notes

References

Further reading
 Tibbetts, John C., and James M. Welsh, eds. The Encyclopedia of Novels into Film (2nd ed. 2005) pp 23–24.

External links

 Barry Lyndon: Time Regained an essay by Geoffrey O'Brien at the Criterion Collection
 Screenplay of Barry Lyndon (18 February 1973) at Daily script.
 Barry Lyndon Press Kit at Indelible Inc.
 The Kubrick Site, a "non-profit resource archive for documentary materials", including essays and articles.
 Stanley Kubrick's letter to projectionists on Barry Lyndon at Some Came Running.

1975 films
1970s war drama films
Adultery in films
American war drama films
British war drama films
1970s English-language films
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by William Makepeace Thackeray
Films directed by Stanley Kubrick
Films produced by Stanley Kubrick
Films set in England
Films set in Ireland
Films set in Prussia
Films set in the 1750s
Films set in 1763
Films set in 1773
Films set in the 1780s
Films shot in Dublin (city)
Films shot in the Republic of Ireland
Films shot in Somerset
Films shot in Oxfordshire
Films shot in West Sussex
Films shot in Wiltshire
Films shot in North Yorkshire
Films shot in Scotland
Films shot in Germany
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award
Films whose director won the Best Direction BAFTA Award
Films with screenplays by Stanley Kubrick
Seven Years' War films
Films about gambling
Warner Bros. films
1975 drama films
Films shot in County Wicklow
Films shot in County Waterford
Films shot at EMI-Elstree Studios
1970s American films
1970s British films

Barry Lyndon


Mithrapāta (c. 390–370 BC) was dynast of Lycia in the early 4th century BC, at a time when this part of Anatolia was subject to the Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire.

Present-day knowledge of Lycia in the period of classical antiquity comes mostly from archaeology, in which this region is unusually rich. Believed to have been based at Antiphellus, Mithrapata is known to have competed for power with another man named Arttumpara.

The name of Mithrapata, which is of Persian origin, is known from Lycian coins and also from inscriptions. During the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., the Lycian nobility was using Persian names, so Mithrapata may have been one of them. However, it has also been suggested that he may have been a Persian sent to rule Lycia by Artaxerxes II.

Coinage
Together with Pericles, Mithrapata was the last ruler of Lycia to issue coins. After about 360 BC, the region of Lycia was taken over by the Carian dynast Mausolus.

As with Pericles, the portrait of Mithrapata seen on his coins does not show him wearing the head-dress of an Achaemenid satrap, which suggests a degree of independence from the Achaemenid Empire. His name appears in the Greek alphabet as "Methrapata".

Notes

Lycians
4th-century BC monarchs in Asia
Vassals of the Achaemenid Empire

Mithrapata


The Archiv für Diplomatik, Schriftgeschichte, Siegel- und Wappenkunde (shortened to Archiv für Diplomatik, and abbreviated as AfD) is a historical journal dedicated to the Auxiliary sciences of history.

The journal, founded by Edmund E. Stengel, is the successor of the Archiv für Urkundenforschung, founded in 1908 by Michael Tangl and is published annually since 1955. It publishes research and essays on all topics of auxiliary sciences of history from the early Middle Ages to the current time, with an emphasis on diplomatics and associated areas. Former publishers include Walter Heinemeyer; current editors are Theo Kölzer und Walter Koch.

References

External links
 Homepage

German-language journals
History journals
International relations journals

Archiv für Diplomatik


The flag of Tenerife is a white saltire (or Cross of Burgundy or St Andrew's Cross) over a blue field. The arms of the cross are approximately one fifth the width of the flag and the field is navy blue (azul marino).

Significance
There is no official meaning to justify the colours of the flag, but blue and white colours have been identified on the island of Tenerife for centuries. Traditionally, navy blue has been identified with the sea and the white to the snow-covered peaks of Mount Teide in winter.

Juba II and Ancient Romans referred to Tenerife as Nivaria, derived from the Latin words nix, nivis or nives, meaning snow, in clear reference to the snow-covered peak of the Teide volcano.

The name of Tenerife is derived from the language of the Benehaorits - the natives of nearby La Palma.  Tene means mountain and ife means white.  After colonisation by Spain, the letter r was added, uniting both words.

History

The flag was first adopted as a maritime registry flag of the maritime province of the Canary Islands. It was initially adopted in 1845 by Royal Order and was adopted as the flag of Tenerife by an Order issued on 9 May 1989, with the order appearing in the Boletín Oficial de Canarias on 22 May 1989.

The flag closely resembles the flag of Scotland, the difference being a darker shade of blue. There are two popular traditions on the island of Tenerife trying to explain the resemblance. One is that the flag was adopted as a mark of respect to the bravery of the Scottish sailors in the Battle of Santa Cruz.

An alternative theory is the most influential masters of the island of Tenerife chose a design similar to the Scottish flag belonging to the Masonic Grand Lodge of Scotland and proposed a similar flag for the maritime province of the Canary Islands, which later became the flag of Tenerife.

Flags with the same origin
 The flag of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife is the same, with the provincial shield in the centre.
 The flag of Club Deportivo Tenerife is also the same, with the shield of the entity at the centre.
 The Flag of Canary Islands, has in two colours (white and blue) representation of Tenerife and its province.

See also
 Tenerife
 Flag of the Canary Islands
 The Tenerife flag - the same as Scotland's?

References

External links
  Flags of the Canary Islands.  Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
 Flag of Tenerife from Tenerife Island Council.  Retrieved on 2006-10-16.

Tenerife, Flag of
Tenerife
Politics of the Canary Islands
Canarian culture
Flags introduced in 1989

Flag of Tenerife


Taming the Star Runner (1988) is a young adult coming-of-age novel written by S. E. Hinton, author of The Outsiders. Unlike her previous young adult novels, this novel has not been made into a film.

Context
The novel is the last of her series of novels that take place in and around her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma and the only one of that series written in the third-person perspective. This is also S.E. Hinton's only novel that was not made into a movie.  Like her first book, The Outsiders, it is implied at the end of the book that the protagonist is the actual author. In reality, many of Travis' experiences trying to publish his book parallel those of S.E. Hinton's while trying to publish her first book (having to clean up the language, starting a second book before the first is published, being only 16) It could also be that Travis' book is deliberately similar to Hinton's first book, as it is stated that a major plot point of his book is a title character (the Star Runner) dying in a car accident, similar to Johnny in The Outsiders dying due to injuries sustained in a fire.

Plot summary

Travis is a tough kid living in a big city. When he comes home to find his stepfather cramming the fireplace with his writing, Travis assaults him with a fireplace poker. As a result, he is sent to live with his paternal uncle, Ken, on his ranch outside of Tulsa. Travis, used to living in the city, soon finds country life to be boring\ the coolest, toughest kid in school, he is now an out-of-place loner, torn between his desire to fit in and his contempt for country living. Even Ken seems too busy for him, between work at his law-firm and his divorce; he is often too busy to even keep food in the house. Travis continues work on his book while maintaining a correspondence with Joe, the only one of his friends to even occasionally write back.

He also meets Casey Kencaide, who runs a riding school on Ken's ranch and is the only one brave enough to ride the Star Runner, a creature who, like Travis, was never meant to be tamed. Soon Travis is working for Casey as a stable boy, and he receives an offer to publish his book. In response he takes a trip into town to celebrate. While in town he gets drunk and is beat up by the bouncer when his true age is discovered. In bad shape, he contacts his uncle to bring him home and reveals his book deal to Ken, which comes as a surprise as he was unaware that Travis was even fully literate.

For a while life, to Travis, at least seems bearable. Things soon get worse though, as Travis' stepfather refuses to allow the book to be published without his prior approval. Hearing this, Travis has another fit of rage and throws the phone, nearly hitting Ken's wife, Teresa, and their son, Christopher. Teresa, in response to this, and discovering Travis' criminal record, threatens to use his presence in Ken's house to win full custody of Christopher and Ken almost kicks Travis out in his real to be with his son. Eventually they make peace after they realize that they both hoped that the other would be the father and son they were looking for. It turns out Travis' father died in the Vietnam War two months before Travis was born. Ken then agrees to help Travis get his book published, going with him to meet the publisher Ms. Carmichael when she comes to town, and even arranges some publicity with a TV interview at a station owned by a friend of his.

Travis then gets a surprise visit from his friend Joe, who had hitchhiked his way there. Instead of this being a joyous event, Joe reveals that after Travis left, his friends, Joe and the twins, Billy and Mike, had turned to burglary, fencing the goods through a man named Orson. After Joe quit, the twins continued their burglaries, but found a new fence. For this, Orson killed the twins and tried to make Joe help him. Travis and Ken convince Joe that he must return to face trial as an accomplice, and take him to the local police for extradition.

As they return to Ken's ranch, a huge lightning storm strikes and Ken and Travis must go help Casey round up the horses into the barn. As they do this, the Star Runner breaks free of his paddock. Casey and Travis give chase only to have Casey's Jeep struck by lightning. Travis smells burned flesh, implying that the Star Runner has been killed.

The book ends as Casey and Travis have recovered from the accident and the temporary hearing loss. Though Casey had previously spurned Travis' romantic overtures, they are now close friends who share a common bond. Travis also realizes that he, like the Star Runner, should never allow himself to be tamed or broken, even when life is at its worst.

External links
S.E. Hinton Website

1988 American novels
Novels by S. E. Hinton
American young adult novels
Novels set in Oklahoma
Culture of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Novels set in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Children's novels about horses
Children's books set in Oklahoma

Taming the Star Runner


Demographic marketers use demographics in marketing research, and the assessment of the changing trends of consumer behavior. Demographics can be called a science and demographic marketers can be called scientists. A demographic is used to describe individuals who are from a particular area. It can also be used to describe individuals who would rely on purchasing a particular product or service. Using demographics, a marketing manager can try to grasp what certain people think and what they are willing to buy.

By understanding how various characteristics of the population reflect their tastes, demographic marketers get an idea of the probability of the sales returns of a launched product in a given area. For any type of business, knowing who the customers are most likely to be through demographic analysis will make it easier to market effectively.

External links
 Demographics Reports

Demographics
Market research
Business occupations
Science occupations

Demographic marketer


Valentino Martin Pascucci (born November 17, 1978) is an American former professional baseball player. He played parts of two major league seasons with the Montreal Expos and New York Mets. He batted and threw right-handed. In 2014, he transitioned to the role of hitting coach for the Mets Single A affiliate, the Savannah Sand Gnats. In 2016, he was named the hitting coach for the St. Lucie Mets.

Career

High school
Pascucci attended  Gahr High School in Cerritos, CA.

College
Pascucci was originally drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 11th round of the 1996 Major League Baseball draft, but he chose to go to college instead. He attended college at the University of Oklahoma for two years, from –. He was originally a pitcher, compiling a 4-0 win-loss record with two saves and 64 strikeouts in 58 innings pitched.

Montreal Expos
The Montréal Expos selected him in the 15th round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft. He began his professional career as a position player.

Pascucci's pro career began in , with the Single-A Vermont Expos. In , with a 20-game stint with the Cape Fear Crocs, the Single-A affiliate of the Expos, Pascucci batted .319 with 3 home runs and 10 RBI and was called up to the High-A Jupiter Hammerheads later that season. He played 113 games for Jupiter, hitting .284 with a .394 on-base percentage. Val was promoted to the Double-A Harrisburg Senators for the  season, where he sent a minor league career high 27 home runs out of the park. He played with the Triple-A Edmonton Trappers for all of  and parts of .

On April 26, 2004, Pascucci was called up by Montréal from Triple-A Edmonton. He debuted for the Expos in right field later that day. Pascucci, however, was sent back down to the minor leagues on May 28. Pascucci was not called back up to the Majors until September 1, when MLB rosters expanded. He hit his first career home run on September 15, 2004 and also played in the final game of the Expos' history on October 3. He was released on December 10, 2004.

Chiba Lotte Marines
Pascucci spent the 2005 and 2006 seasons with the Chiba Lotte Marines of Japan's Pacific League.

Florida Marlins
On April 6, , Pascucci was signed by the Florida Marlins and spent the season with their Triple-A affiliate, the Albuquerque Isotopes.

Philadelphia Phillies
In December 2007, Pascucci signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies' Triple-A affiliate, the Lehigh Valley IronPigs.

New York Mets
After being released by the Phillies on April 29, Pascucci signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets a few days later. He spent the rest of the season playing for the New Orleans Zephyrs, the Mets Triple-A affiliate. He became a free agent at the end of the season.

Los Angeles Dodgers
In January , he signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Pascucci hit only .207 with 8 home runs in 60 games with the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes before he was released by the Dodgers on June 18, 2009.

San Diego Padres
He was signed by the San Diego Padres on June 27 and assigned to their AAA club, the Portland Beavers.

New York Mets
On May 14, 2010, after a brief stint with the Camden Riversharks,  Pascucci signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets, and was assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons.

In 2011, he was called up when the rosters expanded on September 1, after hitting 21 home runs and driving in 91 RBIs with AAA Buffalo. He made his Mets debut on September 8, 2011 when he pinch hit for Willie Harris. He got a single against Atlanta Braves pitcher Eric O'Flaherty and was then pinch run for by Jason Pridie. After that, he went 0–5 with a main pinch-hitter role for the team, until on September 24, he hit a game tying pinch-hit home run in the 7th inning off of Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Cole Hamels to tie the game at 1. It was Pascucci's first pinch-hit home run and just the 3rd home run of his Major league career. Val's teammate and Mets third baseman David Wright then hit a go-ahead double in the 8th inning to give the Mets a 2–1 win over their rivals. On the very next day, Pasccuci hit a pinch-hit RBI single against Phillies pitcher Antonio Bastardo. That would be Pasccuci's last hit of the 2011 season. He made a mere two pinch-hit appearances in the Mets' last series of the season against the Cincinnati Reds. Pasccuci finished the 2011 season 3-11, good for a .273 batting average.

On November 17, 2011, the Mets announced that Pascucci would be invited to 2012 Major League spring training. He spent the 2012 season with the Buffalo Bisons. During the 2012 season, Pascucci got invited to the AAA All Star Game and Home Run Derby held in Buffalo NY. Pascucci won the Home Run Derby, energizing the home crowd. He became a minor league free agent after 2012 season.

Coaching career
For the 2014 and 2015 seasons, Pascucci served as the hitting coach for the Mets' Class-A affiliate Savannah Sand Gnats.

Pascucci was named as the hitting coach for the Binghamton Rumble Ponies of the New York Mets organization for the 2018 season.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Albuquerque Isotopes players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American people of Italian descent
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Bellflower, California
Broncos de Reynosa players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Camden Riversharks players
Cape Fear Crocs players
Chiba Lotte Marines players
Edmonton Trappers players
Harrisburg Senators players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Leones del Escogido players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Minor league baseball coaches
Montreal Expos players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
New York Mets players
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball outfielders
Oklahoma Sooners baseball players
Portland Beavers players
Vermont Expos players
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2009 World Baseball Classic players
Rochester Honkers players
Gahr High School alumni

Valentino Pascucci


A piconet is an ad hoc network that links a wireless user group of devices using Bluetooth technology protocols. A piconet consists of two or more devices occupying the same physical channel (synchronized to a common clock and hopping sequence). It allows one master device to interconnect with up to seven active slave devices. Up to 255 further slave devices can be inactive, or parked, which the master device can bring into active status at any time, but an active station must go into parked first.

Some examples of piconets include  a cell phone connected to a computer,  a laptop and a Bluetooth-enabled digital camera, or several PDAs that are connected to each other.

Overview
A group of devices are connected via Bluetooth technology in an ad hoc fashion. A piconet starts with two connected devices, and may grow to eight connected devices. Bluetooth communication always designates one of the Bluetooth devices as a main controlling unit or master unit. Other devices that follow the master unit are slave units. This allows the Bluetooth system to be non-contention based (no collisions). This means that after a Bluetooth device has been added to the piconet, each device is assigned a specific time period to transmit and they do not collide or overlap with other units operating within the same piconet.

Piconet range varies according to the class of the Bluetooth device. Data transfer rates vary between about 200 and 2100 kilobits per second.

Because the Bluetooth system hops over 79 channels, the probability of interfering with another Bluetooth system is less than 1.5%. This allows several Bluetooth piconets to operate in the same area at the same time with minimal interference.

See also
Personal area network (PAN)
Scatternet
IEEE 802.15

Further reading

Bluetooth

Piconet


Edythe J. Gaines (September 6, 1922 – March 23, 2006) was an American educator. She was the first African American and first woman to serve as a school superintendent in Connecticut. She was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.

Early life and education
Edythe Pauline Jones was born in Asheville, North Carolina, in 1922, the daughter of Jacob Jones, an Episcopal clergyman, and teacher Jennie Dillard Jones. She was raised in New York City after her father's death. Jones attended Hunter College as an undergraduate, earning her bachelor's degree in history and political science in 1944. She pursued further study at New York University, earning a master's degree in 1947, and much later an Ed.D. from Harvard University in 1969.

Career
Gaines taught in the New York City public schools. In 1964, she became the second African American principal at a school in the district, and first to head a secondary school. She became an assistant superintendent of schools in 1967, and in 1973 the New York Board of Education appointed Gaines as Executive Director of the Office of Educational Planning and Support.

In 1972, her brother Frederick D. Jones, New York City regional director of the NAACP and founder of Edu-Force, a grading and testing service, was killed in his Bronx apartment. There was an investigation of Gaines' involvement with her late brother's testing service, but she was cleared of any ulterior motives.

From 1975 to 1978, Gaines served as superintendent of the Hartford city public schools, the first African American to hold that position, and the first woman to be a superintendent in a Connecticut school district. During her superintendency, she was also elected to be a director of the Hartford National Bank and Trust. She was listed among the "Highest Paid Black Public Officials" by Ebony magazine in 1978.

In 1979, Gaines joined Connecticut's State Department of Public Utility Control as a commissioner. She was named to the Board of Governors of Higher Education in 1992, and to the Connecticut State Board of Education in 1995. She was a trustee of Montclair State University from 1968 to 1975.

She was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.

Personal life
Edythe Jones married Albert Denis Gaines, an engineer, in 1941. They had two sons together. Albert Gaines died in 1995.

Gaines remained active in the Episcopal church during her adult life, as chair of the Commission on Ministry for the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut, and as the head of St. Monica's Development Corporation's Second Century Plan for elderly housing in the city.

She died in 2006, at age 83, in Hartford, Connecticut.

An Edythe J. Gaines Award for Inclusive Education is given annually by the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities.

References

1922 births
2006 deaths
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
New York University alumni
Hunter College alumni
American academic administrators
20th-century American academics

Edythe J. Gaines


The Mazda 757 is a prototype racing car built by Mazdaspeed for the 24 Hours of Le Mans running under the IMSA-spec GTP class.  It replaced the previous lineage of Group C2 class cars which ended with the 737C and was the first chassis built entirely by Mazdaspeed and designed by Nigel Stroud. The 747 designation was skipped to avoid confusion with the second generation Mazda RX-7, which was developed under the codename P747. The 757 used a new 3-rotor 13G Wankel engine.

Two 757s entered the 1986 24 Hours of Le Mans, but both failed to finish the race due to gearbox problems, marking the first time Mazdaspeed had failed to finish at Le Mans.  In the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship season, Mazda was able to come home 3rd in the manufacturer's championship.  For 1987, two 757s were again entered, with one finishing 7th overall while the other suffered engine failure.  Along with a good result at the joint World Sportscar Championship and All Japan Sports Prototype Championship event at Fuji, Mazdaspeed was able to achieve 10th in the teams championship for WSC and 3rd in the manufacturer's championship for JSPC.  A lone 757 was brought out again for 1988 alongside two newer 767s and was able to beat both 767s to place 15th overall.

References

757
IMSA GTP cars
Cars powered by Wankel engines
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars
Group C cars

Mazda 757


Fenius Farsaid was a King in Irish mythology. He was King of Scythia when the Tower of Babel was being built, and one of 72 chieftains working for King Nimrod to build it. He managed to keep his language alive even after Babel confused languages and this eventually became Irish according to the myth. His son Nel married Scota, the daughter of King Cingris of Egypt. From his son the Gaels supposedly descended. He is mentioned in Lebor Gabala Erenn and Auraicept na en-Eces.

Irish mythology

Fenius Farsaid


Music Is Better Than Words is the debut studio album by American actor and singer Seth MacFarlane. The album was produced and conducted by film and television composer Joel McNeely, who is also one of the composers of American Dad!, an animated TV series co-created by MacFarlane. On November 30, 2011, the album received nominations at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.

MacFarlane's musical background
MacFarlane has performed at London's Royal Albert Hall and New York's Carnegie Hall. He received voice training from Lee and Sally Sweetland, both of whom have worked with Frank Sinatra and Barbra Streisand. MacFarlane is also a pianist and utilizes an orchestra and composers on a weekly basis to score his two current animated series, Family Guy and American Dad!.

Conception and production
The album includes songs from Rodgers and Hammerstein and Lerner and Loewe, among others from the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. The track listing was chosen by MacFarlane.

When Universal Republic Records asked MacFarlane what kind of album he wanted to do, he said "a classic Sinatra-style album".  The album was, in fact, recorded at Capitol Records in the same room in which Sinatra had worked. Moreover, MacFarlane recorded the vocals for Music Is Better Than Words with the microphone that Sinatra used on many of his classic albums.

In an interview with Joseph Llanes from AOL he said, "That mic is over 60 years old and you can see it. But it has a really nice, dark sound to it. It really plays a significant part on how this stuff sounds. You don't want it to sound too crisp. We did a lot in the recording of this album to make sure it was not too perfect. We recorded to analog tape as opposed to recording digitally because we wanted a little bit of a hiss."

Announcement
On the February 10, 2011 episode of the TBS variety nighttime talk-show series Conan,  MacFarlane announced that he was working on his debut album. During this show, he performed the song "The Sadder But Wiser Girl".

On another guest appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, he announced he was working with Universal Republic Records in putting together a big band album after signing a record deal. MacFarlane explained, "It's rare in this day and age to have the opportunity to create an album that celebrates the classic, sophisticated sound of rich, lush swing orchestrations. It will be an absolute joy to sing this music, and I look forward to working with the entire team at Universal Republic on what we intend to make an exceptional project." He also performed the song "You're the Cream in My Coffee" during this appearance.

Critical reception

The album received mixed reviews. Slant Magazine described it as "a novelty record" and wrote, "Collaborating with Joel McNeely on arrangements, MacFarlane casts Music Is Better Than Words as a tribute to the big-band swing and sterling pop of the Rat Pack, but he wisely avoids choosing songs that were recorded by his musical idols. There's a timelessness to the melodies of James Van Heusen's "It's Anybody's Spring" and Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Something Good," and McNeely's tasteful horn and string arrangements are flawless recreations of the sounds of Sinatra's mid-century records."  The review continued with "...the album has nothing to offer beyond MacFarlane's attempts to preserve and honor this particular style of music" and concluded, "Music Is Better Than Words doesn't have any greater purpose than to allow MacFarlane the opportunity to indulge in his desire to record an album of standards."

Spin expressed a dissenting opinion, calling the album "alternately audacious and befuddling... devotees will search in vain for the necrophilia punch lines, while Sinatra fans will search in vain for a plausible explanation." AllMusic wrote: "MacFarlane and McNeely don't attempt to ape the pizzazz of Frank [Sinatra]'s Reprise years, nor do they spend much time with May's snazzy snap, they stick with Riddle and Jenkins, keeping things sentimental and lush even when the words crackle with wit. Then again, MacFarlane is so concerned about inhabiting Sinatra's silken suits he doesn't really care about the meaning of the songs; all that matters is sounding like Ol' Blue Eyes, which MacFarlane does about as well as any number of hotel lounge singers this world over."

Track listing

Chart positions

References

External links

2011 debut albums
Big band albums
Jazz albums by American artists
Seth MacFarlane albums
Swing albums
Universal Republic Records albums
Albums produced by Joel McNeely
Covers albums

Music Is Better Than Words


Gianluigi Galli (born 13 January 1973), better known as Gigi Galli, is an Italian rally driver, best known for his spectacular driving style. He comes from, and lives in Livigno, Italy.

Career

Galli debuted in the World Rally Championship at the 1998 San Remo Rally with a Group N Mitsubishi Carisma GT. His first world rally with a WRC car was the 2004 Monte Carlo Rally. In 2005, Galli drove for Mitsubishi and competed in 13 events with a Mitsubishi Lancer WRC05. He finished 11th in the drivers' world championship. In 2006, he drove a Peugeot 307 WRC in six world rallies. He achieved his first podium place by finishing third in the Rally Argentina.

In the 2007 season, he competed in three rallies with a Citroën Xsara WRC for the Italian privateer outfit Aimont Racing. His best result was sixth at the Rally Norway.

In 2008 Galli drove for the Stobart Ford team in all rounds of the WRC, replacing Jari-Matti Latvala. His first outing with the new team, after 10 months of absence in the series was quite successful - Galli managed to score 3 points in the drivers' and manufacturers' championship by finishing sixth overall. The Italian had some problems with the power steering on day two which cost him over a minute, but he was able to keep a good position. In Sweden, after three days of consistent pace, Galli equalled his best WRC result, finishing third and scoring another 6 points, which gave him fourth position in drivers' championship after two rounds.

After Rally Finland, Galli was eighth in the drivers' championship, only three points behind teammate Henning Solberg. However, at the following event, the Rallye Deutschland, Galli crashed heavily fracturing his left femur. As the recovery was expected to take five months, Galli would miss the five last rallies of the season.

Results

Complete World Rally Championship results

Complete FIA World Rallycross Championship results
Supercar

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Italian rally drivers
World Rally Championship drivers
World Rallycross Championship drivers
M-Sport drivers

Gigi Galli


Cass Phang (; born 2 February 1969) is a retired Cantopop singer from Hong Kong, affiliated with EMI from 1993 to 1998 and then with Sony Music Entertainment. She was born in Hong Kong, studied at Munsang College and a high school in Australia. In September 1998, she married Hong Kong actor and pop singer Jan Lamb, a member of musical rap duo DJ Softhard. She gave birth to two daughters on 14 February 2000 and 28 July 2004.

Life and career
Phang was first spotted as a backing singer for Louis Yuen, and signed to Rock In Records in 1990. In December of that same year she released her debut album, With Love, which included the track Let's Stay Awhile, a cover of Janet Jackson's Let's Wait Awhile. However, it was only with her second album, Love, Pain, I'm Still Waiting (愛過痛過亦願等) that she began to garner some success, when the title song was recognised in the Billboard Awards.

Her third album, Like First Love (彷彿是初戀) was released in 1992. The title song was a cover of Paula Abdul's hugely successful hit, Rush Rush. In 1993 she released her fourth album, SEE FOR CASS, her last album with Rock In Records, which featured her talent for a cappella. During these early years she became known for her sweet voice and wide vocal range.

In 1993, Phang signed to EMI, releasing her fifth album, So Beautiful...To Be With You (有著你...多麼美), which included her first foray into more dance orientated tracks.

In 1994, she released her first compilation Unfinished Novel (未完的小說), which included the new single, Let Me Go With You (讓我跟你走), on which Eric Moo laid down vocals for. This proved to be a huge success, and her breakthrough album. Later the same year she released her first Mandarin language album, My Eyes...My Tears (我的眼.我的淚), intended for the Taiwanese market.

The year 1995 proved to be a pivotal one in her career, with the release of several popular albums, Awakening From A Dream (如夢初醒), Fly With Love (隨愛而飛) and Outside the Window (窗外). The latter album contained her greatest hit to date, All Because of You (完全因你), which was used as the theme song for the movie, The Peace Hotel. During the same year she won several important awards, including the Commercial Radio Ultimate Song Billboard Award Presentation Ceremony's "Best Female Singer"; the RTHK Top Ten Chinese Gold Songs Award Presentation Ceremony's "Ten Most Outstanding Pop Singers" and "Best Selling Female Artist"; Metro Radio Singer Award's "Best Female Singer Gold Award"; and the TVB Jade Solid Gold Award Presentation Ceremony's "Most Popular Female Singer".

In 1996, this saw the launch of her second Mandarin language album, Trapped Bird (囚鳥), and the Cantonese album, Water (清水), which commemorated the 1996 Pat Sin Leng wildfire. She also recorded To Embrace Your Days (抱著你的日子), and performed her first solo concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum.

In 1997, this saw the release of Wet Eyes (眼睛濕濕的) and I Have My World (我有我天地). In 1998, two more albums were released -One Thousand and One Nights (一千零一晚) and True Voice. In September 1998, Cass married fellow DJ singer, Jan Lamb.

In 1999, Phang signed to Sony Music (now known as Sony BMG), and quickly followed with her next album A Flower (一枝花). This marked a turn in her music, from soft ballads to light-hearted, up-beat melodies. The song To The Boys I've Loved (給我愛過的男孩們) came 6th in the Billboard Awards' Ten Best Songs category. In October, she recorded her next Mandarin album, Passionate Love (好好愛), on which she sang a popular duet with Wang Lee-hom. During this year she also announced that she was pregnant with her first child.

On 14 February 2000, her daughter, Jae Wing Lam (林泳) was born. During this time she released her next album, As Beautiful As You Want (要多美麗有多美麗), where she collaborated with Anthony Wong on the song Whirlpool.

In 2001, she became the spokesperson for the Marie France Bodyline, which she shot two advertisements for. Several songs from her following albums, For Lisa (給Lisa) and My... (我的...) were used as theme songs for adverts and movies.

In January 2002, she held her "Cass in the City" concert, and released a tribute album For the Boys (給我唱過的男孩們). The tracks from this record were exclusively covers of hits by male RTHK singers.

A dynamic shift in her career took place when Cass was cast in the role of Teresa Teng, in a musical celebrating the life of the late singing legend. The role was hotly contested, with Sammi Cheng and Faye Wong both interested in the part. The musical opened on 26 July 2002.

In September, Cass released what was to be her last album Precious Moments, which included four new songs and a best of selection. To date she has recorded no further albums.

In 2004, Cass was pregnant again. Originally scheduled to perform at the Hong Kong Arts Festival, she was replaced by fellow Sony solo artist, Candy Lo. On 28 July 2004, she gave birth to the couple's second daughter, Ching Lamb – since then she has made few public appearances. In Jan Lamb's comedy shows, Jan has joked that Cass is busy bringing up the kids, or alternatively that she is the 'manager' of him and their children. Nevertheless, she sometimes makes an appearance on her husband's show.

In February 2012, Cass came out of her semi-retirement by performing for her good friend Wyman Wong at the Wyman Wong Coliseum Exhibition Concert. There was subsequent speculation that she would be returning to the music industry; her manager, Candy Leung, and her husband have both denied this. Cass herself also refused to comment.

References

External links
PhangLing.com

1969 births
Living people
Cantopop singers
20th-century Hong Kong women singers
Hong Kong Mandopop singers
People from Panyu District
Musicians from Guangzhou
21st-century Hong Kong women singers

Cass Phang


Thomas Ebendorfer (10 August 1388 – 12 January 1464) was an Austrian historian, professor, and statesman.

Born at Haselbach, in Lower Austria, he studied at the University of Vienna, where he received the degree of Master of Arts  in 1412. Until 1427 he was attached to the Faculty of Arts and lectured on Aristotle and Latin grammar. After 1419 he was also admitted to the theological faculty as 'cursor biblicus'. In 1427 he was made licentiate and in 1428 Master of Theology; soon after he became dean of the theological faculty, in which body he was a professor until his death.

He was rector of the University of Vienna in 1423, 1429, and 1445; and he was also a canon of St. Stephen's church, and engaged in the apostolic ministry as a preacher and as pastor of Perchtoldsdorf and of Falkenstein near Vienna.

He ranks high among the professors of the University of Vienna in the Fifteenth century. In the struggles which it had to sustain, he championed the rights and interests of the university with zeal and energy.

He represented the university at the Council of Basle (1432–1434), took an active part in all its discussions, and was one of the delegates sent by the council to Prague to confer with the Hussites.

From 1440 to 1444 he was sent to various cities as an ambassador of Emperor Frederick III. He disapproved of the attitude of the Council of Basle towards both pope and emperor, and eventually withdrew from it.

His advocacy of the rights of the Vienna University, coupled with the attacks of his opponents, lost him the favour of the emperor, who saw in him a secret enemy.

In 1451 and 1452 he was in Italy and went to Rome where he obtained from the pope a confirmation of the privileges of the University of Vienna.

In the war between Frederick III and Albert of Brandenburg he tried to act as mediator but only fell into greater disfavour with Frederick.

His last years were clouded by the disturbances of the years 1461–1463 during which Austria had much to suffer from the King of Bohemia, George of Podebrady, and from internal conflicts.

Historical and Religious Works
Ebendorfer is one of the most prominent chroniclers of the Fifteenth century. His "Chronicon Austriae" is a dull but frank and very detailed history of Austria to 1463. From 1400 on it is an indispensable source of Austrian history (ed. Pez in "Scriptores rerum Austriacarum", II, Leipzig, 1725, 689-986; in this edition all of Book I and part of Book II were omitted).

His account of the Council of Basle appears in the "Diarium gestorum concilii Basileensis pro reductione Bohemorum" (ed. Birk in Monumenta concilii Basileensis, Scriptores, I, Vienna, 1875, 701-783).

He wrote also a history of the Roman emperors, "Chronica regum Romanorum"; Books VI and VII, which are of independent value as sources, were edited by Pribram in the Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung, third supplementary volume (Innsbruck, 1890-1894), 38-222.

Many of his writings are as yet unedited, among them commentaries on Biblical books, sermons, "Liber de schismatibus", "Liber Pontificum Romanorum" (see Levinson, "Thomas Ebendorfers Liber Pontificum" in "Mitteilungen des Instituts fur osterreichische Geschichtsforschung", XX, 1899, 69-99). 'Sermones Dominicales', printed in Strasbourg in 1478.

References

1388 births
1464 deaths
15th-century Austrian writers
15th-century historians from the Holy Roman Empire
Austrian historians
Austrian diplomats
Austrian Roman Catholic priests
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
German male non-fiction writers

Thomas Ebendorfer


Grendel is a Dutch music group formed in 1997. Their music is in the electro-industrial genre. Their name originates from the beast in Beowulf.

Not to be confused with the Finnish power metal band or Australian heavy metal band of the same name.

History

Grendel was formed in 2000 by JD Tucker (aka VLRK) and released its first promo CD, which included the European dance hit, "Strangers". Soon after Grendel began receiving requests for live shows and FLRS (aka Floris Noordman) joined the band, performing live synthesizing and engineering duties. Grendel was signed by the German record label  NoiTekk — a sub-division of Black Rain — which released their first studio album, Inhumane Amusement, an expanded and remastered version of their demo CD.

The End of Ages EP was released in 2002 and included remixes of the title track by Feindflug, Arzt+Pfusch and God Module.

In 2003, Grendel recorded their second full-length release, Prescription: Medicide. It was album of the month in a.o. Zillo and Orkus, and reached number 1 position for several months on the Dutch Underground Charts. It included a cover version of Zombie Nation's Kernkraft 400. Soon after the recording of this album FLRS left the band and was replaced by 4N1T4.

In 2005, Grendel recorded an EP entitled Soilbleed, including a second cover version of Kernkraft 400 entitled "Zombienation V.2k5". Soilbleed spent seven weeks on the German Alternative Charts (DAC), peaking at #10. Problems relating to copyright clearance of the title track resulted in the re-release of the EP as Soilbleed Redux, with the track in question having been replaced by a cover of Leæther Strip's "Don't Tame Your Soul." Two new tracks were also added, "One.Eight.Zero" and a remix of "One.Eight.Zero" by Life Cried. The song features heavily sampling from the movie May (film).

2006 saw another line up change: 4N1T4 left on amicable terms due to personal choices while M4RC (aka Marc Martinez - formerly of Terrorfakt, Manufactura and Caustic), was recruited as live drummer and MRK0 (aka Marco Visconti - of XP8) was added as a live keyboardist.

JD Tucker and the new members then began work on their third full-length album entitled "Harsh Generation". This album marked new territory for the band, with a more matured sound and style, gaining more support and success & taking them to the top of the genre. After its release in early 2007, this album remained on top 5 positions (peaking at no. 3) on the DAC and GEWC and remained there for maximum periods of time.

Grendel spent the following years touring intensively worldwide and drawing increasingly larger audiences.

In 2009, the "Chemicals + Circuitry" EP was written & recorded. This was a slight diversion from the band's familiar sound, exploring different sounds and styles. The response to their new album was positive, and Grendel again reached the top 5 position in the charts (DAC, GEWC, DUC, etc.).

In 2009, MRK0 (Marco Visconti) decided to leave the band for personal reasons. He was replaced by [S42H] (aka Sascha Pniok of the band Schallfaktor), who had previously also been filling in on keyboard since late 2008.

In 2011, 4DD2 Adam Milner joined ranks with the band on electric guitar and Kitara (Misa Digital instrument).

In 2012, Grendel released the "Timewave : Zero" album. This album is both a return to their signature sound and taking on various influences from contemporary EDM styles, such as Trance, Complex Electro and House. M4RC then left the band and Mel Allezbleu joined the band on keys and backing vocals.

In July 2013, Grendel performed at the Amphi Festival in Cologne, Germany along with the likes of Funker Vogt, Suicide Commando and VNV Nation.

In 2014, Grendel continued to play shows across Europe, before heading to the United States for a monthlong tour for the first time in many years. Prior to the tour Adam Milner (4DD2) left to pursue other musical projects - He was replaced by Paul James on guitar.

In 2015, Grendel played E-tropolis festival in Oberhausen Germany and was booked to headline at the Wave Gotik Treffen, as well as Terminus Festival in Calgary, Canada.

Mid 2016 Grendel released a remaster of [Prescription : Medicide], entitled "[Prescription : Medicide] Redux". Released on 16 June.

In 2017 Grendel released the "Age of the Disposable Body" album, on Infacted & Metropolis Records, which was followed up by a 34 gig tour of North America in 2018 and various European shows.

In 2019 Grendel released the 'Ascending The Abyss' album on Infacted & Metropolis Records, which was preceded by a 38 gig tour of North America that same year.

Discography

Albums
 Inhumane Amusement (2001, NoiTekk)
 Prescription: Medicide (2004, NoiTekk) (US release: Metropolis)
 Harsh Generation (2007, Infacted Recordings) (US release: Metropolis; Russia release: Gravitator)
 Timewave Zero (2012, Infacted Recordings) (US release: Metropolis Recordings)
 Prescription: Medicide (Redux) (2016, Infacted Recordings)
 Age of the Disposable Body (2017, Infacted Recordings) (US release: Metropolis Recordings)
 Inhumane Amusement at the End of Ages (Redux) (2019, Infacted Recordings) (singular re-release of Inhumane Amusement and End of Ages)
 Ascending the Abyss (2019, Infacted Recordings)

EPs
 End of Ages (2002, NoiTekk)
 Soilbleed (2005, NoiTekk) (US release: Metropolis)
 Soilbleed Redux (2006, NoiTekk)
 Chemicals + Circuitry (2009, Infacted Recordings(EU) Metropolis Records(North America) DeathWatch Asia (Japan))
 Soilbleed Redux v2 (2014, Infacted Recordinds)

Compilations

 Triton Compilation II (2xCD, Comp), "Lust", Triton 2000
 Kaskadeure Vol.1 (CD, Comp), "Lust", Error315 Records 2001
 A Compilation (CD), "Catastrophe", Black Rain 2002
 Cyberpolis - A Darker Dancefloor Vol II (2xCD), "End Of Ages (remix)", Cyberpolis 2002
 Störsequenz (CD), "No Way Out", Black Rain/NoiTekk 2002
 Triton Compilation III (2xCD, Comp), "Catastrophe", Triton 2002
 Dark Awakening Vol. 4 (2xCD, Comp), "Pax Psychosis", COP International 2003
 Music For The Masses - Visions Of Future Pop (2xCD, Smplr, Dig), "End Of Ages", BMG Ariola München GmbH 2003
 ZilloScope: New Signs & Sounds 12/03-1/04 (CD, Smplr), "Construct Construction", Zillo 2003
 Elegy Sampler 33 (CD, Smplr), "Construct Constriction", Elegy 2004
 Fiend Magazine Issue #3 (CD), "Prescription:Medicide", Fiend Magazine 2004
 Metropolis 2004 (CD, Smplr), "Crucify", Metropolis 2004
 Advanced Electronics Vol. 4 (2xCD, Comp), "Aspiration Feed", Synthetic Symphony 2005
 Bodybeats (CD, Comp), "Fatal Flaws (remix)", COP International 2005
 Cryonica Tanz V.4 (2xCD, Comp), "Soilbleed (v.3)", Cryonica Music 2005
 Different - Music Is Our Passion (DVD), "End Of Ages", Black Rain/NoiTekk 2005
 Endzeit Bunkertracks [Act 1] (4xCD + Box), "Soilbleed V2", Alfa Matrix 2005
 Metropolis 2005 (CD, Comp + DVD, NTSC, Comp), "Soilbleed (remix)", Metropolis 2005
 New Signs & Sounds 04/05 (CD, Smplr, Enh), "Aspiration Feed", Zillo 2005
 United Vol 1 (CD), "Soilbleed", NoiTekk 2005
 Zillo Club Hits 10 (CD, Dig), "Zombie Nation 2003", Zillo 2005
 Electrixmas 2007 (CD, Album, Promo, Comp), "Hate This", Electrixmas 2007
 Endzeit Bunkertracks [Act III] (4xCD, Comp, Car + Box), "Hate This (remix)", Alfa Matrix 2007
 Extreme Sündenfall 6 (2xCD, Comp), "The Judged Ones", UpScene 2007
 Fuck The Mainstream Vol. 1 (4xCD, Comp), "Void Malign (remix)", Alfa Matrix 2007
 Infactious Vol. Three (CD, Mixed, Ltd, Sli), "Hate This", Infacted Recordings 2007
 Into The Darkness Volume 5 (DVD), "Soilbleed (Live in Hamburg)", Nightclub Records 2007
 Nacht Der Maschinen Volume One (CD, Ltd), "Hate This" (remix), Infacted Recordings 2007
 New Signs & Sounds 04/07 (CD, Smplr, Enh), "Void Melign (remix)", Zillo 2007
 Noise Terror 2 - World Wide Electronics (CD, Comp), "Judged Ones (remix)", NTP/Dependent Records 2007
 Schwarze Nacht Tanz 2 (CD, Album, Comp + CD, Maxi, Comp, Ltd), "Void Malign", Upscene 2007
 Zillo Club Hits Vol. 12 (2xCD, Dig), "Hate This", Zillo 2007
 Advanced Electronics Vol. 6 (2xCD, Comp + DVD, Comp), "Hate This (remix)", Synthetic Symphony 2008
 Extreme Lustlieder 1 (CD, Comp), "Dirty", UpScene/Indigo 2008
 Infacted 4 (2xCD, Comp), "Hate This (remix)", Infacted Recordings 2008
 Metropolis:Rebirth 1.0 (2xCD, Smplr), "Harsh Generation", Metropolis 2008
 Visual Infaction Volume \ 1 (DVD, PAL, Comp), "Hate This" & "Remnants", Infacted Recordings 2008
 Gothic Spirits - EBM Edition (2xCD, Comp), "Harsh Generation", Golden Core 2009
 Kinetik Festival Volume Two (2xCD, Comp), "Soilbleed (remix)", Artoffact Records 2009
 Endzeit Bunkertracks [Act V] (4xCD, Comp), "Chemicals & Circuitry (remix)", Alfa Matrix 2010

References

External links

 at Facebook.com
 at Instagram
 at Twitter
 Grendel at Vampirefreaks.com
 Grendel at Last.fm
 Grendel at Discogs.com

Electro-industrial music groups
Cyberpunk music
Musical groups established in 1997
Dutch industrial music groups
Electronic body music groups
Dutch electronic music groups
Metropolis Records artists
Dutch musical quartets

Grendel (band)


A cabinet is a type of furniture with enclosed shelves and sometimes a door in front. It is usually made of wood. Metal may be used in industrial or public areas. Some cabinets stand alone; others are attached to a wall. Most kitchens have cabinets for storage of cooking materials and utensils.

Furniture

Cabinet (furniture)


Bodhi J. "Bo" Hart (born September 27, 1976) is a former professional baseball player. He played second base in Major League Baseball in 2003 and 2004 for the St. Louis Cardinals.

Early years
Hart was born in Creswell, Oregon, in 1976, but spent much of his childhood in Capitola, California.  After graduating from Soquel High School, he attended Gonzaga University, where he played college baseball for the Bulldogs from 1999 to 2000. In 1998, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was later drafted in the 33rd round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft by the St. Louis Cardinals.

St. Louis Cardinals
Hart made his Major League Baseball debut with the St. Louis Cardinals on June 19, 2003. He broke a major league record (previously held by Kirby Puckett) when he hit .460 in his first ten games with St. Louis, making his first month in the majors among the best debut months for a player in major league history. Hart's batting average remained above .300 until August 14, 2003, and he finished the season with 82 hits and a .277 average. After the first month of the 2004 season, Hart was assigned to the minor leagues.

Post-MLB career
On February 10, 2006, Hart signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies with an invitation to spring training, but did not make the major league club. Hart then played a portion of the 2007 baseball season with the Lancaster Barnstormers, where he hit .245 with 12 RBI and 2 home runs in 98 at bats. On June 15, 2007, he signed a contract with the Chicago Cubs and joined the clubs' Triple-A affiliate in Iowa. On July 16, 2007, Hart was traded to the Baltimore Orioles and assigned to their Triple-A team.

2008 season
In his last professional season, Hart played part of 2008 with the Schaumburg Flyers of the independent Northern League. He was released on July 17, 2008. He later signed with the Kansas City T-Bones of the Northern League on July 20, 2008.

After baseball
Hart is now working for TEKsystems, an IT staffing and services company, in Memphis, Tennessee.

References

External links

Major League Baseball second basemen
St. Louis Cardinals players
New Jersey Cardinals players
Potomac Cannons players
New Haven Ravens players
Memphis Redbirds players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Iowa Cubs players
Norfolk Tides players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Schaumburg Flyers players
Kansas City T-Bones players
Gonzaga Bulldogs baseball players
Cotuit Kettleers players
Baseball players from Oregon
1976 births
Living people
People from Creswell, Oregon

Bo Hart