सत्मानतां

I Believe - Nicene Creed

सत्मानतां देवाक,

सरपदवेदार बापाक,

सर्गा आनी पृथुमेच्या रचणाराक.

आनी जेजू क्रिस्ताक, ताच्या एकल्याच पुताक आमच्या संयाक.

तो पवित्र आत्म्या वरवीं गर्बीं संभवलो.

आंकवार मारये थावन जल्मलो,

पंस पिलाता खाल ताणें कश्ट सोंसले,

ताका खुरसार जोडलो तो मेलो आनी ताका निखीपिलो,

तो मेल्ल्यां मदें देंवलो, तिसऱ्या दिसा मेल्ल्यांतलीय जिवंत जालो.

सर्गार चडलो, सर्वपदवेदार देवा बापाच्या उजव्याक बसला,

थुयीं थावन जिवयां आनी मेल्ल्यांची मनसुबी करूंक येतलो.

सत्मानतां पवित्र आत्म्याक. काथलीच् पवित्र सभेक, भतकांचो एकतार,

पातकांचें भोगसणें, कुडीचें जिवंतपण, सासणाचें जिवीत.

आमेन

Latin liturgical version

  Credo in unum Deum,
  Patrem omnipoténtem,
  Factórem cæli et terræ,
  Visibílium ómnium et invisibílium.
  Et in unum Dóminum Iesum Christum,
  Fílium Dei Unigénitum,
  Et ex Patre natum ante ómnia sæcula.
  Deum de Deo, lumen de lúmine, Deum verum de Deo vero,
  Génitum, non factum, consubstantiálem Patri:
  Per quem ómnia facta sunt.
  Qui propter nos hómines et propter nostram salútem
  Descéndit de cælis.
  Et incarnátus est de Spíritu Sancto
  Ex María Vírgine, et homo factus est.
  Crucifíxus étiam pro nobis sub Póntio Piláto;
  Passus, et sepúltus est,
  Et resurréxit tértia die, secúndum Scriptúras,
  Et ascéndit in cælum, sedet ad déxteram Patris.
  Et íterum ventúrus est cum glória,
  Iudicáre vivos et mórtuos,
  Cuius regni non erit finis.
  Et in Spíritum Sanctum, Dóminum et vivificántem:
  Qui ex Patre Filióque procédit.
  Qui cum Patre et Fílio simul adorátur et conglorificátur:
  Qui locútus est per prophétas.
  Et unam, sanctam, cathólicam et apostólicam Ecclésiam.
  Confíteor unum baptísma in remissiónem peccatorum.
  Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum,
  Et vitam ventúri sæculi. Amen

English translations

The Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled Symbol of the Apostles, is an early statement of Christian belief, a creed or "symbol".n ot in the sense that the word "symbol" has in modern English, but in the original meaning of the word, derived from "Latin symbolum, sign, token, from Greek σύμβολον, token for identification (by comparing with its counterpart), from συμβάλλειν, to throw together, compare"

he Apostles' Creed was based on Christian theological understanding of the Canonical gospels, the letters of the New Testament and to a lesser extent the Old Testament. Its basis appears to be the old Roman Creed known also as the Old Roman Symbol. Because of the early origin of its original form, it does not address some Christological issues defined in the Nicene and other Christian Creeds. It thus says nothing explicitly about the divinity of either Jesus or of the Holy Spirit.

Catholic Church

The Catechism of the Catholic Church gives the following English translation of the Apostles' Creed. In its discussion of the Creed, the Catechism maintains the traditional division into twelve articles, the numbering of which is here added to the text.

1. I believe in God the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.
2. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.
3. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary.
4. Under Pontius Pilate, He was crucified, died, and was buried.
5. He descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again.
6. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
7. He will come again to judge the living and the dead.
8. I believe in the Holy Spirit,
9. the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints,
10. the forgiveness of sins,
11. the resurrection of the body,
12. and the life everlasting.
Amen.

The English text used in the Mass of the Roman Rite since 2011 is:
I believe in God,
the Father almighty,
Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died and was buried;
he descended into hell;
on the third day he rose again from the dead;
he ascended into heaven,
and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty;
from there he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and life everlasting. Amen.

पळेयात

Sotmantam

! रोमान काथलीक आंचीं मागणीं
देवनागरी पानां

सत्मानतां


Bringin' Home the Oil is an Irish-themed sea shanty written in 1969 by Tommy Makem and the Clancy Brothers as the theme for a two-minute-long television commercial for Gulf Oil as part of their sponsorship of NBC News coverage of the US space program and the national political conventions in celebration of Gulf Oil's then-new operations in Bantry Bay.

Quite possibly the only song ever written about a modern-day oil tanker, the upbeat 6/8 melody is that of a traditional Scottish song, "The Gallant Forty Twa" which was also recorded by the Clancys. It tells the story of Gulf's 300,000 dwt Universe Ireland, as well as mention of three other ships in the fleet: Universe Kuwait, Universe Japan, and Universe Portugal.  The song alludes to the construction of still more vessels; these would later be the vessels rounding out the six-vessel Universe-class fleet, namely the Universe Iran and Universe Korea. Instrumentation in the song is simple, consisting of strummed banjo and guitar, as well as a solo tin whistle between verses.

The song is told from the point of view of an "able-bodied sailor" who boasts of "sailin' all around the world" and "bringin' home the oil" to "keep all Europe movin' from our base in Bantry Bay." Gulf's operations from its Whiddy Island oil terminal in Bantry Bay ended on a night in January 1979 when the Total Oil tanker Betelgeuse exploded while unloading its cargo of Saudi crude oil.

The commercial itself was simple, consisting of helicopter shots of the various vessels (beginning with the superstructure of the Universe Kuwait) often in conjunction with tugboats to give the viewer a sense of scale regarding the size of the ships.  One overhead shot shows five tugboats pushing on the port side of the Universe Ireland as part of a docking maneuver.

The commercial, lasting more than two minutes, appeared during space flights, elections and political conventions on NBC television.

References

See also
Whiddy Island Disaster
 Marketing and promotion of Gulf Oil

Advertising campaigns
1969 songs
Songs about boats
Songs about sailors
1969 neologisms
American advertising slogans

Bringin' Home the Oil


Csaba Horváth (25 January 1930 – 13 April 2004) was a Hungarian-American chemical engineer, particularly noted for building the first high-performance liquid chromatograph.

Early life and education
Csaba Horváth was born in Szolnok, Hungary and graduated in chemical engineering from the Budapest Institute of Technology.  In 1956 he went to West Germany to work for Hoechst AG.  He then studied physical chemistry at the J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, receiving his Ph.D. in 1963.

Career
In 1964 he joined Yale School of Medicine. From 1967 he also had an appointment in the Faculty of Engineering.  In 1972 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Yale, becoming full Professor in 1979 and Chair of the Department from 1987 to 1993.  He was named as Roberto Goizueta Professor of Chemical Engineering in 1998. He died on 13 April 2004, at Yale-New Haven Hospital of a stroke.

Professor Horvath had an abiding interest in the advancement of the careers of young scientists, and has been memorialized by the establishment of the Csaba Horvath Young Scientist Award for the best presentation by a scientist under the age of 35 at the International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC) meeting.  The award is sponsored by HPLC, Inc.

Work

Having worked in industry in the pilot plant of Farbwerke Hoechst AG and then on the surface chemistry of organic pigments, he studied for a PhD at Goethe University in gas-liquid chromatography, a method of separating volatile materials for chemical analysis.  He applied his knowledge of chemical engineering science to improving the technology, and developed support-coated open tubular (SCOT) columns which were widely used until supplanted by further developments in capillary columns.  He continued to be involved in developments in gas-liquid chromatography in his later career.

However, it was while at Harvard Medical School and Yale School of Medicine that he appreciated the need for analytical separation of biological compounds which could not be vaporized, and this led to the application of his particular understanding of separation processes to vastly improve the performance of liquid chromatography.  Thus was created high performance liquid chromatography or HPLC, a technique which became a major field of study (and in which he remained a leading figure), and continued to publish till shortly before his death.

Together with Imre Molnar and Wayne Melander he developed the framework for describing retention mechanisms in reversed phase chromatography (RPLC), employing the framework of the solvophobic theory.  As HPLC and RPLC became the preeminent techniques associated with biochemical analysis, many have suggested that Csaba Horvath inexplicably missed inclusion in the ranks of Nobel laureates.  He worked on other methods of analytical separation of biological materials, notably electrophoresis and displacement chromatography, but also was influential in developing biochemical engineering within the Chemical Engineering Department at Yale.

He published about 300 papers and held 9 patents.  He was a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.  He received many other honors and awards and is remembered in the Horváth Laboratory of Separation Science at Innsbruck.

Personal life
In 1963, Horváth married Valeria Scioscioli in Rome, and they emigrated to the United States. He joined the Physics Research Laboratory at Harvard Medical School.  The couple had two daughters.

References

Sources
 L. S. Ettre (2004) American Laboratory, May 2004, pages 4-6 In memoriam: Csaba Horváth
 A. Guttman (2000) American Laboratory, June 2000, pages 6-10  Happy Birthday Csaba Horváth
  The Hungary Page Nobel Prize Winners and Famous Hungarians: Science, Mathematics & Technology

 Claudia Flavell-White The Chemical Engineer October 2010 pp 54–55 "Degrees of Separation: Chemical Engineers who Changed the World - Csaba Horváth"
 An Introduction to Separation Science, (1973) B.L. Karger, Cs. Horváth and L.R. Snyder, Wiley

Hungarian physical chemists
Hungarian chemical engineers
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
20th-century Hungarian inventors
Harvard Medical School people
1930 births
2004 deaths
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science faculty
20th-century American inventors

Csaba Horváth (chemical engineer)


A hydraulic torque wrench is a power tool designed to exert torque on a fastener to achieve proper tightening or loosening of a connection through the use of hydraulics. A torque wrench is applied to the nut either directly or in conjunction with an impact socket. Hydraulic torque wrenches apply a predetermined, controlled amount of torque to a properly lubricated fastener.

The hydraulic torque wrench was invented by George A. Sturdevant in Houston, Texas. The concept of a hydraulic powered torque wrench was first introduced on the market sometime in the early 1960s in a primitive form, and several key advances have been developed by manufacturers since that time which provided major advancements in the technology and usability of the tools far beyond the original concept tool.

Newer tools offer benefits such as lighter weights, smaller nose radius dimensions for fitting into tight spaces, use of exotic alloys, actuation triggers on the tool itself, multi-position reaction members, 360° × 360° hose swivels, and the ability to run multiple tools simultaneously from a single power pack.

There are two types of hydraulic torque wrenches: square drive and low profile. Depending on the application, one or the other will be the best tool to use.

The main characteristics of a hydraulic torque wrench which set it apart from other powered wrenches of similar function are that (1) it must generate torque using only hydraulic means (2) it must be self ratcheting, and (3) it must include an accurate method of determining the amount of torque applied.

In 1985, the Research Council on Structural Connections specification permitted the use of the calibrated wrench method of installation, but with a clearer statement of the requirements of the method and its limitations.

In the calibrated wrench method the wrench is calibrated or adjusted to shut off when the desired torque is reached. In practice, several bolts of the lot to be installed are tightened in a calibrating device that directly reads the tension in the bolt. The wrench is adjusted to shut off at bolt tensions that are a minimum of 5% greater than the required preload.

Some manufacturers utilize a holding pawl design to keep the wrench locked in position prior to each power stroke, while others use varying designs, which  have different faults and advantages.

Hydraulic torque wrenches typically offer accuracy of ±3% and have a high degree of repeatability making them well suited to applications where large bolts are involved and a high degree of accuracy is required.

A hydraulic torque wrench is significantly quieter, lighter weight and more accurate than pneumatic impact wrenches capable of similar torque output, making it an appealing alternative for many users to the very loud and cumbersome impact wrenches or torque multipliers which were formerly the only viable option for working with very large nuts and bolts until the hydraulic torque wrench was introduced. The Hydraulic Torque wrench was invented in 1968 by George A. Sturdevant.

Hydraulic bolt tensioners are an alternative to hydraulic torque wrenches, but not as commonly used.

See also

References

External links

Measurement of Torque Wrench Accuracy

How to choose a professional Hydraulic Torque Wrench

Hand-held power tools
Hydraulic tools
Torque
Wrenches

Hydraulic torque wrench


Lao pop or L-pop is a music genre of pop music of Lao people.

History
Lao pop music started forming itself in the late 1980s, when Laos started benefiting from an economic growth that has lasted till nowadays. Before the reforms implemented by the government, the entertainment industry was completely limited due to the tight censorship and the widespread poverty, which prevented the music scene from flourishing. From the 1970s to the late 1980s, the strictly patriotic songs, sponsored by the communist government, and the traditional Mor Lam genre were the only genres available to listen.

At the start of the 1990s decade, the Lao music scene started transformating. The first private music labels started emerging in Vientiane, the capital city, and some live music pubs appeared. However, these labels, at first, were financially weak and had a very limited capacity to promote their artists. Although at first the traditional Lao music, was still the most popular genre, the foreign influence of Korean K-Pop music, Japanese J-Pop music, and the pop music made in the neighbouring Thailand started being felt, not only in the fashion trends, but also in the local musical scene.
From the start of the 2000s, Lao pop saw a dramatic increase of popularity due to the growing strength of the mainly Vientiane based music labels such as Lao-Pride Records, KPY Entertainment, Indee Records and Muanson Media. Lao pop gained local and international spotlight through Alexandra Bounxouei, who is considered to be the first Lao pop princess. Other Lao artists popular with the younger generation include Cells, L.O.G, Overdance, Princess, Caramel, Pull-T Club, Super One, Genii, Xtreme, Dozo, Tik Keoprasert, MAY, Annita, and Aluna.

From the mid 2000s, Lao Pop started benefiting itself from the growing number of musical events held in the country. For example, in 2008, was held from first time, the first edition of the Lao Music Awards, which was broadcast live by the Lao National Television. In this event, the most outstanding Lao Pop, rock and Mor Lam singers are awarded in its different categories. Since then on, this gala has been held almost annually in the National Cultural Hall of Vientiane. Apart from this event, other kinds of shows also encouraged the growth of the local music scene.

Lao pop today embraces a wide variety of styles that are mainly based in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. There are also a number of Lao artists from Luang Prabang, Laos.

Popularity
Lao pop is popular in Laos and has recently penetrated neighboring markets. There is also a growing fan base in the United States, France, and Canada.

See also
 Lao music

References

External links
 Lao Music
 Lao Press

Laotian music
Pop music genres

Lao pop


Ravioli is a type of Italian food pasta dish. It is usually two layers of pasta dough with a filling between the two layers. There are many different recipes, with different kinds of fillings. The most common fillings are meat, vegetables or blackboard cheese. People eat this kind of food with a sauce or melted butter.

Pasta

Ravioli


A trio sonata is a type of music for four instruments which was very popular during the 17th century and early 18th century: the period known as the Baroque period.

A trio sonata is written for three voices (three parts), in other words, it can be played by three different instruments.  The two upper voices share the same musical themes.  They often imitate one another.  They are of equal importance.  The third part, the lowest part, is played by basso continuo, which means the accompaniment.  This continuo is usually played by two instruments:  typically a cello or bass viol and a keyboard instrument such as the harpsichord.  That makes four players, of course.  However, the harpsichord player's left hand notes are the same as the cello's notes.  This is the "third" part of the trio.

Some of the best trio sonatas are those by Arcangelo Corelli.  His collection of trio sonatas numbered opus 1 and 3 are sonata da chiesa: four movements (slow-fast-slow-fast) finishing with a fugue.  His op 2 and 4 sonatas are sonata da camera type: each movement is a kind of dance.  Corelli's trio sonatas are for two violins and continuo.

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote a trio sonata in The Musical Offering for violin, flute and continuo.

Bach also wrote six trio sonatas for organ.  These are played by one player.  The organist's two hands each play on different manuals (keyboards) so that they sound like two different instruments.  The organist's feet play the third part on the pedals.  Each part is strictly a single line (no chords, never more than three notes at a time) so that these works can also be played by other instruments (e.g. two violins and cello with harpsichord).

Bach also wrote sonatas for one melodic instrument and harpsichord.  These pieces are really trio sonatas, although he does not call them trio sonatas.  The melodic instrument (normally violin or flute) plays the top part, the harpsichordist plays the second part with his right hand, and the third part is the lowest part of his left hand notes.

Some other composers who wrote trio sonatas are Tomaso Albinoni,  Henry Purcell, Dieterich Buxtehude, George Frideric Handel,  Georg Philipp Telemann,  Johann Pachelbel and Antonio Vivaldi.

References
Groves Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980, ISBN 1-56159-174-2

Sonatas

Trio sonata


In Christianity the term "water of Life" ( hydōr zōēs) is used in the context of living water, specific references appearing in the Book of Revelation (21:6 and 22:1), as well as the Gospel of John. In these references, the term Water of Life refers to the Holy Spirit.

The passages that comprise John 4:10–26 are sometimes referred to as the Water of Life Discourse. These references in the Gospel of John are also interpreted as the Water of Life.

The term is also used when water is poured during Baptismal prayers, praying for the Holy Spirit, e.g., "Give it the power to become water of life".

The Book of Revelation
The reference to Water of Life in Revelation 21:6 appears in the context of New Jerusalem and states:

 "I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely". Revelation 22:1 then states: "And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb".

The Revelation reference is interpreted as the Holy Spirit. The Catechism of the Catholic Church, item 1137, considers it "one of most beautiful symbols of the Holy Spirit".

The common theme of thirst for the Water of Life in the Book of Revelation and the Gospel of John may be summarized as follows:

The use of the term Water of Life in Revelation 20 is part of the "theme of life" in the book of Revelation, other instances being the Book of Life in Revelation 21:27, and the Tree of Life in 22:2, 22:14 and 22:19. John R. W. Stott relates this theme to Eternal Life in John 17:3:  "And this is life eternal, that they should know thee the only true God, and him whom thou didst send, Jesus Christ".

The Gospel of John

In the Gospel of John some references to water, as in John 4:15, are traditionally identified as the Water of Life being the Holy Spirit.

The passages that comprise John 4:10–26, and relate the episode of the Samaritan woman are sometimes referred to as the "Water of Life Discourse". The Water of Life Discourse is the second among the seven discourses in the Gospel of John that pair with the seven signs in that gospel.

Another discourse, called the Bread of Life Discourse appears in John 6:22–59. On their own, each of the discourses on the Water of Life and the Bread of Life are key examples of "single theme discourses" in the Gospel of John. However, these two discourses in the Gospel of John complement each other to form the theme of "Christ as the Life".

According to W. E. Vine, this theme of "Christ as the Life" relates to
John 5:26 where Jesus states: "Just as the Father has life in himself, so also he gave to his Son the possession of life in himself", reflecting the assertion of Jesus to have the power to give life, based on his relationship to the Eternal Father.

See also
 Bread of Life Discourse
 Eternal life (Christianity)
 Farewell Discourse
 Life of Jesus in the New Testament
 Seven Spirits of God
 The bearer of the Water of Life

References

Christian terminology
New Testament theology
Water and religion
Holy Spirit
Gospel of John
Book of Revelation

Water of Life (Christianity)


TYM Guitars is a manufacturer of custom guitars and bass guitar based in Brisbane, Australia, as well as custom instruments the company also repairs, restores, refinishes vintage instruments. The line of custom guitars and basses built by TYM Guitars are influenced by manufacturers such as Mosrite, Rickenbacker, Epiphone, Danelectro, Fender and other models from the 1950s and 1960s, with several replicas and hybrids between different models being built to fit customer demand. TYM Guitars also has a retail shop that sells new and secondhand instruments and accessories from their own line of products and other manufacturers.

Guitars and basses
The Wosrites Series
The Wosrite is based on the design of the famous Mosrite Ventures model from the 1960s and features a German carved basswood body and angled neck pickup much like the original.  The series includes ten different models (not counting signature models) of guitars and basses with many different setups with different pickups, bridges, finishes etc. to choose from.

The Vibratone Series
Design based on a flipped Jagstang body, available with a wide range of options such as with or without the German carved basswood body, different pickups, bridges, tremeloes, finishes and even Perspex bodies with aluminum necks. Also available as the Versonic a Mosriteshaped acoustic guitar.

The Mosrongs Series
Another Mosrite influenced instrument designed by TYM Guitars. As with other models this is also available with different setups regarding, pickups, bridges, tremeloes, finishes etc. Also available as a semiacoustic model.

Signature models
Nick Royale Model
Designed with Nick Royale from The Hellacopters and built in a limited run. Based on a mahogany Versatone body with a maple neck, a single humbucker in the bridge position. All guitars come with a certificate and a signature on the back of the headstock from Nick himself.

Johnny Ramone Model
A guitar based on Johnny Ramone of The Ramones own arsenal of guitars. Based on a Wosrite body and available in four different models with different setups of pickups, bridges and tuners based on Johnny Ramones's own guitar collection.

Effect pedals
This Machine Kills Fascists
Handmade distortion and fuzz pedals based on the MXR Distortion + and the classic 1960s two knob fuzz, part of the name of the pedals are borrowed from folk musician Woody Guthrie and part of the profit is donated to charity work.

The Overdrive
A handmade medium to high gain overdrive pedal with adjustable volume and gain.

The Distortion
Handmade pedal based on several vintage distortion pedals with improved circuitry, full bypass switching and a wide range of sounds available.

The Fuzz
A classic fuzz based on several fuzz pedals made in the 1960s with more modern day attributes like LED and 9V power adapters.

The BUZZrite
Another product inspired by Mosrite, the BUZZrite is a close copy of the late 1960s Fuzzrite pedal also available with more moder applications just like The Fuzz.

The Shen-ei dlx Fuzz
Also a replica of a vintage pedal by Shen-ei fuzz which also was the original Univox Superfuzz available as an exact replica or with more modern applications.

See also

List of acoustic guitar brands
List of electric guitar brands

References

External links
 Official Website

Guitar manufacturing companies
Privately held companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies based in Brisbane
Companies established in 1997
Australian brands
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of Australia
1997 establishments in Australia

TYM Guitars


William George Cox (ca. 1821 – 6 October 1878) was Gold Commissioner for the Cariboo and Boundary Districts in the Colony of British Columbia, Canada during the Rock Creek Gold Rush. He was born in Ireland.

Cox was among the war party raised in the Cariboo during the Chilcotin War, riding west from Alexandria, British Columbia with 50 men raised in the goldfields to meet the corresponding party of the New Westminster Rifle Corps, mostly former Royal Engineers, led by Governor Seymour and Chief Constable Brew, who had disembarked from  at Bella Coola and entered the Chilcotin District from the west.

Cox, who is described by BC historians G.P.V. and Helen B. Akrigg as "friendly, genial and easy-going",  encamped at Puntzi Lake on June 12, 1864, four days after leaving Alexandria, and did not very much in advance of the arrival of Seymour's and Brew's contingent other than build minor fortifications. The leader of the Tsilhqot'in revolt, Klatassine or Klatsassan, was actually in the vicinity of Puntzi Lake when Cox arrived, but slipped away from the area.  Rather than attempt pursuit Cox whiled away a month at Puntzi Lake, using up expensive supplies and much to the later chagrin of his seniors in government, sent for more.  Cox rationalized that he had been at the site waiting for Chief Alexis, to whom he had sent a message and for whom he had sent out a party to seek him at Chilcotin Forks, and that without this powerful Tsilhqot'in chief on-side there was little he could do but wait for the Governor's party.

As the Akriggs comment, "One can imagine the blistering contempt Sir James Douglas would have expressed if Cox had given such a report to him" (had Douglas still been Governor).  Governor Seymour, nonplussed by Cox's excuse, sent him and his troops to Tatla Lake to search for the warring members of the Tsilhqot'in.  Cox's party was joined soon after by former Fort Kamloops Chief Trader, Donald McLean, but McLean was frustrated by Cox's incompetence and set out on his own foray near the northern end of Chilko Lake where he was surprised from behind by Klatassine, who fired a shot into McLean's back, which was unprotected by the iron skillet he customarily wore under the front of his shirt, killing him.

Cox was discouraged at the death of McLean, who was a noted and self-touted "Indian killer", and wanted to abandon the pursuit but Governor Seymour insisted he persevere in the hunt, partly because given the expense of the expedition he had to have something to account for upon his return to the capital.  As luck would have it, the rebel Tshilqot'in warriors walked into Cox's camp, which by then was on the site of the former Fort Chilcotin, a long-defunct Hudson's Bay Company fur-post, apparently in response to a message from Cox which seemed to promise them "amnesty in time of war".  The Governor and his officials, however, had made no such promise and Klatassine and his men were arrested and eventually tried and hanged for murder at Qiesnellemouthe (today's Quesnel).

In 1867, Cox was among those who pushed for the selection of Victoria as the capital of the newly united colonies, partly by opposing a dredging plan for New Westminster, whose faults as prospective capital included the difficulty of navigating the sandbars and shoals of the lowermost Fraser. In 1868, Cox was among those who opposed an address to the Queen prepared by John Robson, Amor de Cosmos, Edward Stamp and G.A.B. Walkem and mandated by mass meetings in New Westminster and at Yale (known as the Yale Convention) in regards to joining Canada, as they opposed the terms proposed.  Others opposing were Henry Pering Pellew Crease, Joseph Trutch, Joseph Despard Pemberton, John Sebastian Helmcken, Thomas Elwyn, Henry Maynard Ball and Messrs Wood, Ker, Smith, and Spalding.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) people
19th-century Canadian civil servants
Gold commissioners in British Columbia
Year of birth uncertain
1820s births
1878 deaths
Members of the Legislative Council of British Columbia
Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871) judges
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation British Columbia

William George Cox


The Courtship of Princess Leia is a 1994 science fiction novel by American writer Dave Wolverton, part of the Star Wars franchise. It continued the streak of New York Times Bestsellers, which started with 1991's Heir to the Empire. The Courtship of Princess Leia is set in the Star Wars expanded universe, and deals with the downfall of Warlord Zsinj and the circumstances leading to the marriage of Han Solo and Princess Leia, characters that originated in the 1977 film Star Wars: A New Hope.

Plot

Background
Though the Battle of Endor resulted in the destruction of the Emperor and Darth Vader, along with the best of the Imperial Starfleet, the remnants of the Empire are still a danger. One of the recently formed New Republic's most dire foes is a splinter faction of the former Empire, led by Warlord Zsinj. Zsinj is a cunning strategist whose skills have earned him the allegiance of almost a full third of the entire galaxy. Both the Imperial Remnant and the New Republic have dedicated considerable forces to end his reign. But Zsinj has possession of one of the few Super Star Destroyers left, and whenever nearly cornered, slips away to a secret stronghold where the SSD Iron Fist is repaired.

Summary
At the opening of the novel, Han Solo, who from aboard the Mon Remonda has been prosecuting the search for this hidden fastness, wearily returns to the recently captured Coruscant expecting an end to the long separation between him and his beloved, Princess Leia, head of the New Republic. To his great surprise, when his vessel drops out of hyperspace and into the Coruscant system, what appears are a number of fearsome Imperial Star Destroyers, Hapan Battle Dragons, and Hapes Nova Class battle cruiser. Eventually, Han learns that the Hapes cluster had sent a delegation of some manner to the New Republic. He lands and enters the Imperial Palace, where, with the help of C-3PO, who translates and comments on the formal diplomatic reception, he watches the Hapes delegation present to Leia a number of stunning gifts: the dozen Star Destroyers Han had seen, a Hapan gun of command, a small plant resembling a bonsai which promotes longevity and intelligence, and the hand of the Hapes cluster's ruler Ta'a Chume's son, Prince Isolder, in holy matrimony.

The effect is devastating; Leia nearly accepts, driving Han into a frenzy of fear and jealousy. Han eventually wanders into a cantina in the lower reaches of Coruscant, where he participates in a high-stakes sabacc game. One of his opponents runs out of liquid financial instruments and instead proffers real estate: a deed to an entire habitable planet, Dathomir. Han thinks he has found a gift which would prove his worthiness to Leia and compare favorably with the gifts of Isolder (and provide a place to resettle the expatriates of Alderaan). When Leia examines his gift and points out that he has been conned (since Dathomir was in the section of the galaxy controlled by Zsinj), Han is further devastated. Isolder compounds insult with injury by denigrating the Millennium Falcon and offering Han a Nova battle cruiser if he abandons his quest to win Leia's heart. Han snaps. He abducts Leia using the Gun of Command, and flees with her and Chewbacca aboard his recently refitted Millennium Falcon to Dathomir. Prince Isolder pursues him with his Hapan fleet. He arrives at Dathomir shortly after Han despite Han's headstart, as Isolder is aided by the Jedi Master Luke Skywalker, who uses his Force powers to navigate a shorter (but still safe) path through hyperspace, shaving time off accepted conventional routes. There they both discovered that Zsinj had truly laid claim to Dathomir—in orbit around it was the Iron Fist, a number of other capital ships, and the complete orbital shipyard Han had hunted for so long.

The Millennium Falcon had been forced to land on Dathomir itself, where it is captured by the Imperial garrison Zsinj had marooned on the surface years ago. Isolder sets out in his Miy'til fighter accompanied by Luke's X-wing fighter while the Hapan fleet fights a covering action before it retreats into hyperspace to inform the New Republic, Imperial Remnant, and the Hapes Consortium of the whereabouts of Zsinj heretofore secret redoubt.

On the surface, Isolder and Luke discover the remnants of the star-borne Jedi training academy, the Chu'unthor. Luke had seen recordings noting how Yoda and a number of other Jedi knights had failed to retrieve the library of the Chu'unthor, due to interference by the Witches of Dathomir. The best they had been able to do was seal the vessel thoroughly, so thoroughly that only centuries later the first intruder would need a lightsaber to gain access. As they peruse the vessel, however, Isolder and Luke are captured by a Dathomiri witch, who enslaves them and takes them to her village.

Having learned about Han Solo's presence on the planet, Zsinj had dictated a combination of ultimatum and deal with the head of the Nightsisters, Gethzerion: they would give him Solo to torture and execute as he liked, and he would give them an Imperial shuttle to pilot where they like. If they did not, he would keep his "nightcloak" (an interconnected network of geostationary satellites, which reflected all solar emissions back into space) intact, which would slowly freeze Dathomir, ending all life on the planet.

Eventually, they infiltrate the Imperial garrison and steal the Falcon, piloting it out into the ongoing Battle of Dathomir. Solo allows the Iron Fist to acquire the Falcon with a tractor beam; once it is within the deflector shields, he breaks it free of the beam lock, piloting his vessel over the superstructure of the gigantic vessel. Arriving upon the main bridge, he launches two concussion missiles, destroying the bridge, killing Zsinj, and knocking out the ventral shields. With Iron Fist so exposed, the Hapan Battle Dragons move into position with their ion cannons, disabling Iron Fist.  Defeated, Zsinj's empire soon crumbles. Shortly thereafter, Solo and Leia marry, having realized during their intrepid journey together that they loved each other. Isolder is consoled by the fact he has fallen in love with his captor, Teneniel Djo.

Reception
Reception for The Courtship of Princess Leia was predominantly positive and the book was a New York Times Bestseller in both its hardback and paperback formats. Both The Hamilton Spectator and the Milwaukee Sentinel have given positive reviews for the novel and the reviewer for the Milwaukee Sentinel commented that the book continued the "stellar tradition of George Lucas' Star Wars movies". Trade reviews were also mostly positive, and Publishers Weekly opined that although parts of the book were disappointing, "the novel [raised] expectations for Wolverton's future works once he moves on to other things". Tor.com included the book in a list of "Where to Begin with Star Wars Books", as they saw it as "one of the craziest Star Wars novels ever written" and that "after you read it you won't be able to think of any other way that Han and Leia's relationship could have progressed towards marriage".

Legacy
The Chu'unthor was mentioned in the 2010 reference book The Jedi Path, although in 2014, following the acquisition of Lucasfilm by Disney, all spin-off works up to that point (excluding The Clone Wars) were made non-canon.
Dathomir became a major location in The Clone Wars, retroactively established as the homeworld of both Darth Maul and Asajj Ventress (replacing Rattatak).
Dathomir, and the witches, were both referenced in The Book of Boba Fett when Fett receives a Rancor. Fett mentions wanting to ride the rancor, "Like the witches on Dathomir."

References

External links

1994 American novels
1994 science fiction novels
Star Wars Legends novels
Bantam Spectra books

The Courtship of Princess Leia


The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is between Georgian Bay to the northeast and Lake Huron to the southwest. It is part of Bruce County.

There are two national parks on the peninsula: Bruce Peninsula National Park and Fathom Five National Marine Park. The peninsula has four main towns: Tobermory, Lion's Head, Wiarton, and Sauble Beach.

Peninsulas of Canada
Geography of Ontario

Bruce Peninsula


The British Rail Class 932 was reserved for former Southern Region electrical multiple units and diesel electric multiple unit carriages converted for departmental use. Originally the series was reserved for Research and Tractor units. In recent years, however, other types have also been given numbers in this series.

932

British Rail Class 932


Un portal captive es un pagina web monstrate al nove usatores ante que les es concedite un accesso plus large al ressources de rete. Le portales captive es communmente usate pro presentar un pagina de accesso que pote requirer authentication, pagamento, acceptation de un accordo de licentia pro usator final o un politica de uso acceptabile,  o altere valide credentiales al quales adhere ambe le hospite e le usator. Le portales captive es usate pro un large range de servicios mobile e pedestrian broadband services - including cable and commercially provided Wi-Fi and home hotspots. A captive portal can also be used to provide access to enterprise or residential wired networks, such as apartment houses, hotel rooms, and business centers.

The captive portal is presented to the client and is stored either at the gateway or on a web server hosting that page. Depending on the feature set of the gateway, websites or TCP ports can be white-listed so that the user would not have to interact with the captive portal in order to use them. The MAC address of attached clients can also be used to bypass the login process for specified devices.

Portal captive


Francisco Pérez (born May 9, 1969) is an Argentine lawyer and politician elected Governor of Mendoza Province in 2011.

Biography
Pérez was born in San Salvador de Jujuy, in 1969, to María Ercilia and Francisco Pérez. His father, with whom he shared his nickname ("Paco"), was a dentist who would be elected Mayor of San Pedro de Jujuy; the young Pérez lost his mother at age five. He enrolled at the National University of the Littoral, and earned a Law Degree in 1997; while still in Law School, he was appointed Legislative Secretary to the Mendoza Province Justicialist Party caucus participating in the historic, 1994 Constitutional Amendments Convention. He married Celina Sánchez, with whom he had two children.

He established a private law practice in 1998 in Mendoza, specializing in family, probate, and labor law. He also served as legal adviser to the Provincial Health and Social Services Ministry, the Cattle Ranching Directorate, and the Consulate of Bolivia in Mendoza in subsequent years. Pérez was appointed Undersecretary of Labor for the Santiago del Estero Province with interim Governor Pablo Lanusse following a Federal intervention order signed in 2004. He returned to Mendoza the following year, and in 2007, left his private practice to accept a post as Minister of Infrastructure for the newly elected Governor Celso Jaque.

Pérez became one of the most influential members of Governor Jaque's cabinet. He not only oversaw the province's public works, but also shaped its energy and mining policy. His closest ally in the Federal Government was the Director of ANSES, Diego Bossio; Bossio, like Pérez, had been an adviser for Jaque.

Pérez was nominated to run for governor on the Front for Victory ticket ahead of elections in 2011; he chose the province's Development Minister, Carlos Ciurca, as his running mate. Their ticket was elected on October 23 with 42.8% of the vote, defeating their main rival, former Governor Roberto Iglesias of the UCR, by over 8%. His first major policy proposal as governor was to advance an open source governance initiative in a bill which included provisions for a system of petitions and referendums, as well as public consultation boards.

External links
  Mendoza Province
  Francisco Pérez/Carlos Ciurca 2011

References

1969 births
Living people
People from Jujuy Province
Argentine people of Spanish descent
National University of the Littoral alumni
20th-century Argentine lawyers
Justicialist Party politicians
Governors of Mendoza Province
21st-century Argentine lawyers

Francisco Pérez (governor)


The Museum of Discovery and Science is a museum focused on science located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States.

History

EcoDiscovery Center Expansion

In November 2011, the museum opened a 34,000 square foot, $25 million expansion, designed by Cambridge Seven Associates. The expansion, titled the EcoDiscovery Center, doubled the amount of exhibit space in the museum and includes  exhibits called: The Everglades Airboat Adventure, Prehistoric Florida, Otters at Play, Storm Center, and Florida Water Story. The new wing also houses four lifetime learning spaces and a large temporary exhibit space. The new wing opened simultaneously with a new Science Theater in the aviation exhibit gallery.

Description

It is one of the largest museums of its kind in Florida, and has the most visitors of any museum in the state. The museum features an IMAX theater that shows 3D IMAX films. The museum also features a number of "ecoscapes", as well as a simulated ride to Mars, a simulated airboat ride in the Everglades and a MaxFlight airplane flight simulator. Among the more popular aspects of the museum are the quantity and variety of Floridian animal species on display. The public are allowed to get quite close to the animal life such as otters, baby alligators, snakes, tortoises, rabbits, bats, tarantulas, scorpions, geckos, cockroaches, centipedes, hermit crabs, freshwater fish, freshwater stingrays, black pacus, frogs, tadpoles, alligator snapping turtle, turtles, sharks, saltwater fish, horseshoe crabs and a sea turtle, and the museum frequently has organized animal-centered demonstrations, or more informal meet-and-greets with native and exotic Florida fauna.

Other than the animals on display, the Museum of Discovery and Science currently features a Discovery Center for ages 7 and under, Go Green exhibit, Runways to Rockets including airplane simulators and information about space, Powerful You! exhibit, minerals and rocks on display, prehistoric fish and dinosaur eggs and fossils on display, games, puzzles, the Explore Store, food concessions, and a moving exhibit.

The Museum of Discovery and Science moved to its current location in downtown Fort Lauderdale in 1992. The "Great Gravity Clock" in front of the entrance is one of the main features of the museum and is one of only three in the world. The other two are in Japan and Mexico.  The museum plays host to birthday parties, (sea) turtle walks and camp-ins, and has its own summer camp.

The Museum of Discovery and Science also funds a volunteer program that allows children and adults alike to give back to the community.

The IMAX theater offers IMAX with Laser and features a 4980 square foot screen, playing both 2-D and 3-D movies. The five-story-high screen is the largest in South Florida.

The museum also hosts many special event activities such as the annual "Food and Wine Gala" to raise money.

References

See also

MOD., Adelaide, South Australia

Museum of Discovery, Little Rock, Arkansas

References
Florida, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides, 2004, pg. 129
With Otters, an Airboat and Hurricane-force Winds, a Museum Grows, Miami Herald Article, posted 11 November 2011

External links

Museum of Discovery and Science
Cambridge Seven Associates Project Page
Photos of new expansion on Stiles Construction web site

Museums in Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Natural history museums in Florida
Science museums in Florida
1976 establishments in Florida
Museums established in 1976

Museum of Discovery and Science


Fra Angelico (born Guido di Pietro;  – February 18, 1455), was an Italian Early Renaissance painter. Giorgio Vasari, who wrote the Lives of the Artists said he had "a rare and perfect talent".

Fra Angelico has been known by many different names. When he was born, he was called Guido di Pietro. People who knew him when he was older called him Fra Giovanni da Fiesole (Brother John from Fiesole). When Giorgio Vasari wrote about him in Lives of the Artists, in the 1500s, he was already known as Fra Giovanni Angelico (Brother Giovanni who is like an Angel).

The Italians usually call him il Beato Angelico (the Blessed Angelico). He has been called this for a long time, because he was thought to be blessed by God who gave him the talent of painting, and also because he was such a good and holy man. The name "Blessed Angelico" has now been made official, because in 1982 Pope John Paul II "conferred beatification" which means that he is now on the way to being made a saint.

Vasari says about him: "It is impossible to think of enough good things to say about this holy father, who was so humble and modest in everything that he did and said, and whose pictures were painted with such cleverness and holy faith."

Biography

Early life, circa 1385–1436

Fra Angelico was born in Mugello near Fiesole in Tuscany, Italy probably about 1385–87 and died in Rome in 1455. Nothing is known about his parents. He was baptized Guido or Guidolino.

In 1407, he joined the Dominican Order at Fiesole. In 1423, when he became officially a friar, he changed his name from Guido to Fra Giovanni (Brother John). (People who are accepted into a holy order, usually take a new name.) Like the other "brothers" (friars) of the Dominican Order, he wore a white robe and a black cloak, and shaved part of his head.

Fra Angelico had a brother called Benedetto who was also a Dominican friar. Fra Benedetto painted illuminated manuscripts. Fra Angelico possibly learnt to paint manuscripts as well. The convent of San Marco in Florence has several manuscript books that he is thought to have painted. He was very busy with other work at the convents where he lived, but he still found time to paint pictures, which very soon became famous. In January and February of 1418, he was paid for paintings that he did in the church of Santo Stefano del Ponte.

Between 1418 and 1436, Fra Angelico painted an altarpiece for the church in Fiesole, which has been damaged. Age caused the some of the paint to come off, or fade, and other artists have painted over some of Fra Angelico's work while trying to repair the paintings. The top part of the altarpiece is in the National Gallery, London. It shows Christ in Glory, surrounded by more than 250 figures, and is a large and magnificent piece of work. It has been described as one of the best works in the gallery.

San Marco, Florence, 1436–1445
In 1436, a new Dominican Convent of San Marco was established in Florence in some older monastery buildings.  Fra Angelico was one of the friars from Fiesole who moved to Florence. This was an important move for Fra Angelico because Florence already had a great number of artists from whom he could learn.  The convent had a very wealthy "patron of the arts" called Cosimo de' Medici who loved to buy works of art for himself and his favourite churches.  Cosimo took the largest of the friars' rooms, called cells,  at the convent so that he could have a quiet place for religious thought. Fra Angelico painted a picture showing the Magi at Bethlehem on the wall of Cosimo's cell.

Cosimo employed Fra Angelico to paint more pictures for the convent. All the cells for the friars were built upstairs around the sides of a square courtyard with a garden in the middle (called a cloister). On the wall at the top of the stairs, Fra Angelico painted a fresco of the Angel Gabriel announcing the birth of Jesus to the Blessed Virgin Mary. This is one of his most famous pictures.  Fra Angelico then began to paint a picture in each of the monk's cells.  Each cell has large picture with a round top on the wall beside the window.   At least six of these paintings were done be by Fra Angelico, and others were done by artists who copied his style of painting.  These pictures were to help the friars with their prayers.

In 1439, he finished one of his most famous works, which is the altarpiece for San Marco's Church, which is where the friars worship. It shows the Madonna and Child on a throne, surrounded by saints from different dates, who are all grouped together as if they were standing in a room in Heaven, talking about holy things. This type of painting called a "Sacred Conversation" later became very popular, but this is one of the first ones.

The Vatican, 1445–1455

In 1445, Pope Eugenius IV sent a message for Fra Angelico to come to Rome to paint the frescoes of the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament at St Peter's. The chapel was later demolished by Pope Paul III to make way for the new St.Peter's Basilica and Fra Angelico's work was lost. Vasari says that one of the popes (it might have been Eugenius or Pope Nichoas V) asked Fra Angelico if he would like the very important job of Archbishop of Florence. But Fra Angelico did not want such a high job and he suggested the name of another friar for the position. In 1447 Fra Angelico went to the city of Orvieto with his pupil, Benozzo Gozzoli, to paint some pictures for the Cathedral there . One of his other pupils was called Zanobi Strozzi, but he did not become as famous as Benozzo.

From 1447 to 1449, Fra Angelico was back at the Vatican, where Pope Nicholas V had built a small chapel where he could pray privately. The pictures that Fra Angelico and his pupils painted there are the lives of two young saints St. Stephen and St. Lawrence, who were both "martyrs" (they were killed because of their Christian faith). The small chapel, with its bright colours and gold leaf decorations is like a jewel box. From 1449 until 1452, Fra Angelico was back at his old convent of Fiesole, where he was the Prior (the head man). Fra Angelico's pupils were probably left in Rome to finish the work on the chapel.

Death and beatification
In 1455, Fra Angelico went back to Rome, probably to look at the work in Pope Nicholas' Chapel. He died at the Dominican Convent and was buried in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. Pope John Paul II beatified Fra Angelico on October 3, 1982, making him officially known as the "Blessed Angelico". In 1984 the pope made him the patron of Catholic artists.

Fra Angelico never wanted to be important, and even though he was so talented he never put himself above other people. He thought his most important job was caring for others. He always prayed before he picked up his brushes to paint, and he never made any changes to his pictures later, because he believed that the Holy Spirit was guiding him. He painted a great number of scenes of the Crucifixion and he would always cry while he was painting them.

The words on his grave say:

"When you praise me, don't say that I am a famous painter.
Instead, say that for love of Jesus, I gave everything that I had to the poor.
The things that seem to be important on Earth are not the things that are important in Heaven.
I am Brother John, from Florence, the flower of Tuscany.

About Fra Angelico's paintings

Fra Angelico was working at a time when the style of painting was in a state of change. The changes had begun a hundred years before his time with the works of Giotto. Fra Angelico would have seen the famous pictures of the "Life of Saint Francis" that Giotto did for the church of Santa Croce in Florence. In Giotto's paintings the figures look more real and solid and lifelike than in the pictures of other painters of the 1300s. Giotto was also very good at painting the emotions on peoples faces and the actions that showed how they were feeling. His work was a big influence on every artist who saw it.

At the same time, rich patrons like Cosimo de Medici liked to show off their wealth. They often did this by ordering paintings that had lots of bright colour and real gold backgrounds. The red colour called "vermilion" was one of the most expensive. But the most expensive colour was a beautiful blue made by grinding up a semi-precious stone called Lapis lazuli. This type of painting is called "International Gothic". Some artists of Fra Angelico's day were expert at doing paintings that would make very rich people happy. But other painters, like Masaccio were followers of Giotto and painted in a very plain way.

Fra Angelico was able to paint in both ways. If the Pope or a rich family wanted an altarpiece or a fresco that had gold and expensive bright colours, then Fra Angelico could do it. But his most famous paintings have no gold and no bright colours. They are the simple gentle paintings of the life of Jesus that he did for the friars in their cells at San Marcos.

Gallery
This gallery shows stories from the life of Jesus. The square paintings are in tempera. They are all parts of a big altarpiece and are about 25 cm wide. The "tondo" (round painting) is a small altarpiece about 1.4 metres wide. All the paintings with arched tops are frescos and were painted for the Dominican brothers.

Related pages

 Renaissance
 Italian Renaissance art
 Duccio
 Masaccio
 Uccello
 List of Italian painters

References

Bibliography
 Rossetti, William Michael. Angelico, Fra. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
 Hood, William. Fra Angelico at San Marco. Yale University Press, 1993.
 Morachiello, Paolo. Fra Angelico: The San Marco Frescoes. Thames and Hudson, 1990.
 Frederick Hartt, A History of Italian Renaissance Art, Thames & Hudson, 1970.
 Giorgio Vasari. Lives of the Artists. first published 1568. Penguin Classics, 1965.
 Donald Attwater. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. Penguin Reference Books, 1965.
 Luciano Berti. Florence, the city and its Art. Bercocci, 1979.
 Stefano Orlandi. Beato Angelico; Monographia Storica della Vita e delle Opere con Un'Appendice di Nuovi Documenti Inediti. Florence: Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1964.

Other websites

, (October 26, 2005 – January 29, 2006).

1385 births
1455 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Beatified people

Fra Angelico


John Driscoll Fitz-Gerald II (1873 – June 8, 1946) was an American Hispanic scholar, nephew of James Newbury Fitz-Gerald, born in Newark, N. J., graduated from Columbia University in 1895 (Ph.D., 1906), and also studied Romance philology at the universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Paris, and Madrid. He taught at Columbia University before becoming a professor of Spanish at the University of Illinois 1909-1929, and later at the University of Arizona, retiring shortly before his death.

Along the way, Doctor Fitz-Gerald became a member of the Hispanic Society of America and a corresponding member of the Spanish Royal Academy, edited La vida de Santo Domingo de Silos, por Gonzalo de Berceo (1904), wrote Versification of the "Cuaderna Via" as Found in Berceo's Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos (1905), A Reading Journey through Spain (1909), Rambles in Spain (1910),  and wrote a translation with Thatcher Howard Guild, A New Drama by Manuel Thoma y Baus, (1915), and was associate editor of the Romanic Review.  He was in charge of Hispanic subjects in the second edition of the New International Encyclopedia.

References
Henry Grattan Doyle, "Passing of Two Hispanists", Hispania 1946, p. 411.

University of Paris alumni
Columbia University faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
University of Arizona faculty
American bibliographers
Columbia University alumni
Leipzig University alumni
American philologists
1873 births
1946 deaths
American expatriates in France
American expatriates in Germany
American expatriates in Spain

John Driscoll Fitz-Gerald


Sydney Patterson (also known as Sid Patterson, 14 August 1927 – 29 November 1999) was a world champion amateur and professional track cyclist from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. While a teenager, Patterson won every Victorian and Australian title between 1,000 metres and ten miles (16.1 km). He represented Australia in cycling at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

In 1949 he won every Australian track championship in the sprint, time trial, 1 mile, and 5 mile (8.05 km) events. Later that year he won the world amateur sprint championship in Copenhagen, and in 1950, the world amateur pursuit championship in Liège. At the 1950 British Empire Games he won silver medals for the 1000m sprint and 1000m time trial.

In 1951 he won the Manchester Wheelers' Club Muratti Cup beating the British Sprint Champion, Alan Bannister, by almost a length. However Patterson was alleged to have held Bannister during the final sprint for the line and was subsequently disqualified and the race was awarded to Bannister.

In 1951 Patterson became a professional and won the world professional pursuit championship in 1952 in Paris, and in 1953 in Zurich. Patterson teamed with Russell Mockridge and Reginald Arnold to win the Paris six-day race in 1955. By his final year of racing in 1967 he had 12 consecutive Australian championships.

Sid Patterson was sponsored by Malvern Star, founded by Sir Bruce Small.

At 72 Patterson died of pancreatic cancer. The Sid Patterson Grand Prix is held in Melbourne annually in his honour. The first was won by Tommy Nankervis, who was introduced to the sport after meeting Patterson at a bike shop. In 2015, he was an inaugural Cycling Australia Hall of Fame inductee.

References

External links
 Cycling News
 Articles on Sid Patterson (Canberra Bicycle Museum)

1927 births
1999 deaths
Australian male cyclists
Deaths from liver cancer
Cyclists at the 1950 British Empire Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Cyclists from Melbourne
Olympic cyclists for Australia
Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men)
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Australian track cyclists
Medallists at the 1950 British Empire Games
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)

Sid Patterson


The Association of Conservative Clubs is an organisation associated with the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom.  It represents and provides support to the largest association of political clubs in the country estimated at 1,100.

The Association of Conservative Clubs was formed in 1894. Its objects are to assist and encourage the formation of clubs and to support the principles of Conservatism and aims of the Conservative Party. From 1895 to 1941, the association published The Clubman. It was succeeded by Conservative Clubs' Gazette and Conservative Clubs' Magazine.

Such clubs can vary from Conservative working men's clubs to more prestigious clubs known as constitutional clubs. Significantly, constitutional clubs are under no obligation to contribute to Conservative Party funds. Reflecting the dual origins of the modern Conservative and Unionist Party, some affiliates are called unionist clubs. They may also be known as Beaconsfield clubs (after Benjamin Disraeli), Salisbury clubs or any combination of these titles. These affiliates can offer a wide range of facilities, including snooker, bar games and entertainment.

The vast majority of Conservative clubs offer full membership to both men and women.

See also
National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs
National Union of Liberal Clubs
Working Men's Club and Institute Union

References

External links

Association of Conservative Clubs

Organisations associated with the Conservative Party (UK)
1894 establishments in the United Kingdom
Working men's clubs

Association of Conservative Clubs


The Buffalo was an American automobile manufactured from 1900 until 1902, by the Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company of Buffalo, New York.

Two models were made, the Junior with a 3.5 hp, and the Senior with 6 hp single-cylinder engines. The company also produced an "Auto.Bi", a two-wheeled motorcycle.

In 1903 the company was taken over by the E.R. Thomas Motor Company. They combined with Fort Plain
Spring and Axel which also made 1 Cylinder Runabouts, Dr. Runabouts.

It had no connection with the Buffalo Electric Carriage Company which built cars in Buffalo at the same time.

References

David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles.
Scientific American, Volume 80, number 9-March, 1902

Cars introduced in 1901
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
Companies based in Buffalo, New York
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1901
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1903
1901 establishments in New York (state)
1903 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct companies based in New York (state)
1900s cars
Veteran vehicles

Buffalo (1901 automobile)


Lu Yongxiang (; born April 28, 1942) is a Chinese mechanical engineer and politician. He served as President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress.

Biography
Lu studied in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University (ZJU), and majored in hydrodynamics (hydraulic mechanics). He graduated from ZJU in 1964, and became a lecturer in his department at ZJU. 1979, Lu was an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at RWTH Aachen University, West Germany. Lu obtained his doctorate in 1981, based on his dissertation Entwicklung vorgesteuerter Proportionalventile mit 2-Wege-Einbauventil als Stellglied und mit geräteinterner Rückführung. Aachen: Techn. Hochsch.; Diss.; 1981.

In 1981, Lu returned to ZJU and continued his teaching position as a lecturer. He soon was promoted to associate professor and was the research group leader of the Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control at ZJU. 1983, Lu was promoted to professor, and was the director of the Institute of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ZJU. From 1985 to 1987, Lu served as Vice-president of ZJU; and from 1988 to 1995, he was the President of ZJU. Lu is also a part-time professor at Tsinghua University.

Lu was appointed Vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in November 1993. From 1993 to 1997, he was the Executive Vice-president of CAS. From July 1997 to March 2011, he was the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also the Executive Chairman of the Presidential Committee of CAS Academic Board (中国科学院学部主席团). Lu  has served as a Vice-chairman of National People's Congress.

Academic & educational positions

Presidentships:
 Vice-president, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), (1993–1997)
 Executive Vice-president, CAS, (1994–1997)
 Executive Chairman, the Presidential Committee of CAS Academic Board, (1997–2011)
 President, CAS, (1997–2011)
 Vice-president, Chinese Association of Science and Technology (中国科学技术协会), (1986–1996)
 Chairman, Higher Education Consultative Committee of the State Education Commission, (1990–1994)
 Director-general (理事长), Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology (中国科学技术史学会), (1995–2004)
 Director-general, Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (中国机械工程学会), (2001–present)
 Vice-president, Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), (1998–2006)
 Co-Chair, InterAcademy Council (IAC), (2005–present)

Memberships:
 Academician, the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), (June 1994 election)
 Academician, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in the Division of Technological Sciences, (1991 election)
 Member, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong), (1996–2003)
 Member, Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), (1990-)
 Foreign Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, (2004-)
 Honorary Fellow, the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, UK, (2004-)
 Corresponding Member, the Australian Academy of Science, (2004-)
 Foreign Member, German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, (2005-)
 Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, (2006-)

Social & political positions
 Vice-chairman, National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, (2003–present)
 Member, Chief Executive's Commission on Innovation and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, (1998–1999)
 Special Advisor, Advisory Commission on Innovation and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, (2000–present)

Honors & awards
 Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille (1997)
 Alexander von Humboldt Medal (1998)
 The Knight Commander's Cross (Badge & Star) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, (2000)
 Werner Heisenberg Medal (2001), from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
 Gold Badge for Science and Culture of Public President of Italy, (2004)
 Abdus Salam Medal, from the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), (2006)
 Harnack medal (2006), from the Max Planck Institute
 The Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Medal (2010), from the INSA
 The Robert. E. Koski Medal (2010), from ASME, for a lifetime outstanding contributions in the field of fluid power transmission and control

External links
 Professor LU Yongxiang Curriculum vitae

1942 births
Living people
Alternate members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Alternate members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese mechanical engineers
Engineers from Zhejiang
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
People from Cixi
People's Republic of China politicians from Zhejiang
Politicians from Ningbo
Presidents of Zhejiang University
RWTH Aachen University alumni
Scientists from Ningbo
Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress
Zhejiang University alumni
Academic staff of Zhejiang University

Lu Yongxiang (engineer)


The Underground City () is a Cold War era bomb shelter consisting of a network of tunnels located beneath Beijing, China. It has also been referred to as the Underground Great Wall since it was built for the purpose of military defense. The complex was constructed from 1969 to 1979 in anticipation of a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, as Sino-Soviet relations worsened and was officially reopened in 2000. Visitors were allowed to tour portions of the complex, which has been described as "dark, damp, and genuinely eerie". Underground City has been closed for renovation since at least February 2008.

Location
The tunnels of the Underground City run beneath Beijing's city center, covering an area of   under the surface. At one time there were about 90 entrances to the complex, all of which were hidden in shops along the main streets of Qianmen. Many of the entrances have since been demolished or blocked off for reconstruction. Known remaining entrances include 62 West Damochang Street in Qianmen, Beijing Qianmen Carpet Factory at 44 Xingfu Dajie in Chongwen District, and 18 Dashilan Jie in Qianmen.

History
At the height of Soviet–Chinese tensions in 1969, Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong ordered the construction of the Underground City during the border conflict over Zhenbao Island in the Heilongjiang River.  The Underground City was designed to withstand nuclear, biochemical and conventional attacks. The complex would protect Beijing's population, and allow government officials to evacuate in the event of an attack on the city. The government claimed that the tunnels could accommodate all of Beijing's six million inhabitants upon its completion.

The complex was equipped with facilities such as restaurants, clinics, schools, theaters, factories, a roller skating rink, grain and oil warehouses, and a mushroom cultivation farm. There were also almost 70 potential sites where water wells could easily be dug if needed. Elaborate ventilation systems were installed, with 2,300 shafts that can be sealed off to protect the tunnels' inhabitants from poison gases, Gas- and water-proof hatches, as well as thick concrete main gates, were constructed to protect the tunnels from biochemical or gas attacks and nuclear fallouts.

There is no official disclosure about the actual extent of the complex, but it is speculated that the tunnels may link together Beijing's various landmarks, as well as important governmental buildings such as the Zhongnanhai, the Great Hall of the People, and even military bases in the outskirts of the city.  The China Internet Information Center asserts that "they supposedly link all areas of central Beijing, from Xidan and Xuanwumen to Qianmen and [the] Chongwen district", in addition to the Western Hills. It is also rumoured that every residence once had a secret trapdoor nearby leading to the tunnels. In the event of a nuclear attack, the plan was to move half of Beijing's population underground and the other half to the Western Hills.

The tunnels were built by more than 300,000 local citizens, including school students, on volunteer duties. Some portions were even dug without the help of any heavy machinery. Centuries-old city walls, towers and gates, including the old city gates of Xizhimen, Fuchengmen, and Chongwenmen were destroyed to supply construction materials for the complex.

Since the complex's completion, it has been utilized by locals in various ways as the tunnels remain cool in summer and warm in winter.  On busy streets, some portions of the complex were refurbished as cheap hotels, while others were transformed into shopping and business centers, or even theaters.

While the complex has never been used for its intended purpose, it has never been fully abandoned either. Local authorities still perform water leakage checks and pest control in the tunnels on a regular basis.

As a tourist attraction
The complex was officially opened in 2000, but has been closed for renovation since at least February 2008. While it was open, visitors were allowed to tour portions of the complex; the Underground City was popular with foreign tourists but remained virtually forgotten by local citizens. Though there are many other entrances, foreign visitors entered approved sections accessed via a small shop front in Qianmen, south of Tiananmen Square, at 62 West Damochang Street. Tour groups could enter free of charge and without prior permission while individual tourists not part of a group were charged 20 yuan (US$2.40) each.

The official tour took visitors only on a small circular stretch of the Underground City. Inside the complex, visitors could see signposts to major landmarks accessible by the tunnels, such as Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City, and could see chambers labeled with their original functions, such as cinemas, hospitals, or arsenals. A portrait of Mao Zedong could be seen amidst murals of locals volunteering to dig the tunnels and fading slogans such as "Accumulate Grain", and "For the People: Prepare for War, Prepare for Famine".  Rooms with bunk beds and decayed cardboard boxes of water purifiers could be seen in areas not open to tourists. Visitors on the official tour would also pass by a functioning silk factory in one of the underground staff meeting rooms of the complex, and be given a demonstration of the process of obtaining silk from silkworm cocoons.  They had a chance to buy souvenirs at a tourists' shop operated by the state-owned Qianmen Arts and Crafts Center and the China Kai Tian Silk Company.

See also

 Underground Project 131 – tunnels intended for the PLA headquarters in Hubei
 Kőbánya cellar system
 Metro-2
 Underground city
 Rat tribe
 Third Front, the PRC's general home-defense strategy
 Tourist attractions of Beijing

Notes

Further reading

Buildings and structures in Beijing
Cold War fortifications
Nuclear bunkers in the People's Republic of China
Subterranean buildings and structures
Tourist attractions in Beijing
Tunnels in China
Underground cities

Underground City (Beijing)


Naxos is a Greek island. It is the largest of Cyclades group islands. Its total area is 430 sq.m.. It is in the center of the Aegean Sea. Naxos has a population of 18,188 people. The largest town on the island is Naxos City, which has a population of 6,533 people.

Sights-Tourism
Naxos is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece. Every year, many tourists visit Naxos. Most of them are from western European countries. Naxos has many beautiful beaches. In Naxos there are ruins of medieval castles and ancient temples. The most famous sight is a part of an ancient temple which is in the entrance of Naxos port. Also the medieval castle of Naxos.

History

In mythology, Naxos was the place where the god Dionysus abducted the daughter of king Minos, Ariadne. Ariadne was on island with the ancient hero Theseus. In ancient times, Naxos was an Ionian colony. The island belonged to association of Delian League with Athens and other Ionian cities. In the year 503 B.C. Naxos was destroyed by a Persian fleet. Later, Naxos was a poor island without power. In the medieval era, Naxos was under the Byzantine rule and afterwards under the Venetian rule. In the sixteenth century it passed under the Ottoman rule. Naxos became a part of the Greek state in 1832.

References

Islands of Greece

Naxos Island


Moe "Murray" Brown (born August 3, 1941) is vice president and general manager of Standardbred Sales Company and Public Relations Director of Hanover Shoe Farms.

Early life and education

Moe "Murray" Brown was born in Côte-Saint-Luc, Quebec and grew up in Montreal.  Despite losing his parents at an early age and growing up in poverty, Brown—who admits to having skipped school to go watch horse races—began his climb to success at the age of 22, when he joined Miron Farm in Quebec, which at the time was one of the leading race and breeding farms.  His formal education was ignored in favor of the passionate study of breeding and making himself a pest to the professionals at local race tracks.

Hanover Shoe Farms and Standardbred Sales Company
Brown joined Hanover Shoe Farms in 1967  holding various positions until becoming its Public Relations Director .  Brown became vice president and general manager of Standardbred Horse Racing Company in  1972. In meeting the obligations of those two positions, Brown often travels 30,000 miles a year attending all significant gatherings of the Standardbred horse racing community and various one-on-ones with owners and potential bidders.

Brown only made his first investment in horses in 2004, when he purchased a small percentage of one of the greatest standardbred's of modern times: Donato Hanover.

Hall of Fame

Brown was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 2003 (as "Murray Brown") in consideration of his position as one of the most knowledgeable, indefatigable, scholars of standardbred pedigrees Pedigree (animal) and history of maternal families.

Personal life

Brown, who lost his father when he was 2 years old and his mother at the age of 15, subsequently was raised by his oldest brother, Sam.  On May 2, 1965, he married Marlene Brown (née Scheer), and the couple subsequently had three children and five grandchildren.  After close to 40 years of marriage, Brown lost his wife to cancer in February 2005.  He currently resides in Hanover, Pennsylvania.

See also
Hanover Shoe Farms
Standardbred racehorsess
Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame

References

External links
Hanover Shoe Farms
Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame
Quest for Excellence: Hanover Shoe Farms The First 75 Years, by Dean A. Hoffman

Businesspeople from Quebec
Living people
People from Côte Saint-Luc
1941 births

Moe "Murray" Brown


John Colin Watson (1 February 1920 – 18 January 1983) was a British writer of detective fiction and the creator of characters such as Inspector Purbright and Lucilla Teatime. Born in Croydon, Surrey, he is best remembered for the twelve Flaxborough novels, typified by their comic and dry wit and set in a fictional small town in England which is closely based on Boston, Lincolnshire.  He worked as a journalist in Lincolnshire and the characters in his books are said to be highly recognisable caricatures of people he encountered in his work.

His 1971 study of interwar thrillers, Snobbery With Violence, made the phrase popular for describing such authors as Dornford Yates. He was inducted into the Detection Club in 1970.

Watson was the first person to successfully sue Private Eye for libel, for an article in issue 25 when he objected to being described as: "the little-known author who . . . was writing a novel, very Wodehouse but without the jokes". He was awarded £750. He died in Folkingham, Lincolnshire in 1983.

Inspector Walter Purbright
The central character in the Flaxborough Chronicles, Inspector Walter Purbright, is perhaps not the most intellectually dazzling detective in fiction. He does, though, provide an unusually solid core of decency and civilisation around which more fanciful and sometimes whimsical events can be strung. His understanding of the case in hand emerges from a process of polite, measured enquiry. Purbright's decency is at the heart of Watson's thesis: that civilised life depends on basic tolerance, decency and the honesty of its guardians. His commitment to total impartiality, his refusal to be deflected by special interests and social position and his scrupulous refusal to cut procedural corners all go to make up a quintessentially English hero.

Miss Teatime
Miss Lucilla Edith Cavell Teatime is a ladylike conwoman whose occasional lapses into verbal vulgarity make her all the more endearing. She has a liking for whisky, a game of dominoes and all things tasteful. She first steps off the train in Flaxborough (a town once described as having the fictional solidarity of Arnold Bennett's Five Towns) in the fourth mystery set there, Lonelyheart 4122. She likes the town so much that she settles there, even though her attempt at swindling through a lonely-hearts bureau nearly makes her the third woman killed by another swindler. She appears in all subsequent Flaxborough novels except Blue Murder. By the eleventh volume, Plaster Sinners, she is the proprietress of the 'House of Yesteryear' in Northgate, Flaxborough, and a regular attender at local auctions. Her odd talents and sleight of hand remain much in evidence. On one occasion two glass decanters are rendered extremely cheap when she casually transfers the stoppers to a tray of miscellaneous items, which she then bids for as well. Her final appearance is in Whatever's Been Going On At Mumblesby? where we find her with an assistant called Edgar and offering opinions on the marketability of such religious relics as saints' kneecaps. In the 1977 Murder Most English BBC television series, which offered adaptations of four of Colin Watson's Flaxborough novels, Lucy Teatime was portrayed by Brenda Bruce.

Adaptations
Four of the Flaxborough novels were adapted for television by the BBC under the series title Murder Most English.  The four were Hopjoy Was Here, Lonelyheart 4122, The Flaxborough Crab and Coffin Scarcely Used. The adaptations successfully reflected key elements of the books: the gentle behind-the-times feel of a small English market town, the merciless targeting of the pretensions of some of the town's social leaders, and the author's notion that whatever exotic trappings are used to decorate the plot, the central crime is always motivated by money. Anton Rodgers starred as Purbright with Christopher Timothy as Detective Sergeant Love and Brenda Bruce as Miss Lucilla Teatime.  Colin Watson produced the ninth Flaxborough novel, One Man's Meat, to coincide with the series. Although the novels are based on the Lincolnshire market town of Boston, some scenes for the adaptation were filmed in the much smaller market town of Alford, also in Lincolnshire. In that town, the original Victorian police station - complete with huge wooden hooks in the walls for the sergeants' horses' saddles - had only been replaced by a new police station four years earlier, in 1974. Hence, it was available, with all its trappings, for the production company.

Four of the novels were adapted for BBC Radio 4, Bump in the Night (1971), Lonelyheart 4122 (1990), Charity Ends at Home (1992) and The Naked Nuns (1993).

Bibliography

The Flaxborough Novels
Coffin, Scarcely Used (1958)
Bump in the Night (1960)
Hopjoy Was Here (1962)
Lonelyheart 4122 (1967)
Charity Ends at Home (1968)
The Flaxborough Crab (1969) -  U.S: Just What the Doctor Ordered
Broomsticks over Flaxborough (1972) - U.S: Kissing Covens
The Naked Nuns (1975) - U.S: Six Nuns and a Shotgun
One Man's Meat (1977) - U.S: It Shouldn't Happen to a Dog
Blue Murder (1979)
Plaster Sinners (1980)
Whatever's Been Going on at Mumblesby? (1982)

Other works
The Puritan (1966)
Snobbery with Violence (1971)

External links
 Colin Watson's Funny Old World: Secret Agent of the Absurd
 CIS: The Flaxborough Chronicles by Colin Watson

References

1920 births
1983 deaths
Members of the Detection Club
20th-century British novelists
British male novelists
20th-century British male writers
People educated at Whitgift School

Colin Watson (writer)


Bakelite, or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, is an early plastic. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from an elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It was made in 1907 by Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland.

Bakelite was used for its electrically nonconductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings.  It was also in products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, and children's toys.

Polymers

Bakelite


Jason Watkins (born July 10, 1985) is a former American football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Florida.

Watkins was also a member of the New York Sentinels and Buffalo Bills.

Early years
Watkins was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.  He attended Lake Gibson High School in Lakeland, Florida as a junior and senior, playing football only two years and earning Class 4A all-state, all-county and all-conference first-team accolades as a senior. He participated in the 2003 Cali-Florida Bowl.

College career
Watkins received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Urban Meyer's Florida Gators football team from 2005 to 2008.  Watkins helped the Gators win two National Championships (2006 and 2008) as member of the offensive line that paved the way for Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Tim Tebow.

In his senior season, Watkins was named honorable mention All-Southeastern Conference by the Associated Press, as he produced 78 knockdowns to go with 12 touchdown-resulting blocks. He graded 81.71% and was part of a front wall that gave up just 16 sacks. The Gators went on to capture the national title behind an offense that averaged 445.07 yards and 43.64 points per game

Professional career

Pre-draft

Houston Texans
Watkins was signed on April 28, 2009 by the Houston Texans after going undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 5.

New York Sentinels
Watkins played for the New York Sentinels of the United Football League in 2009.

Buffalo Bills
After playing in the UFL, Watkins was signed to the Buffalo Bills' practice squad on November 24. After his contract expired following the season, he was re-signed to a future contract on January 5, 2010.

References

Bibliography
Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).  .

External links

Buffalo Bills bio
Florida Gators bio
Just Sports Stats

1985 births
Living people
Players of American football from New Orleans
American football offensive tackles
Florida Gators football players
Houston Texans players
New York Sentinels players
Buffalo Bills players

Jason Watkins (American football)


Peter Henri Bortoft (1938 – 29 December 2012) was a British independent researcher and teacher, lecturer and writer on physics and the philosophy of science. He is best known for his work The Wholeness of Nature, considered a relevant and original recent interpretation of Goethean science. His book Taking Appearance Seriously: The Dynamic Way of Seeing in Goethe and European Thought was published in 2012.

Bortoft completed his studies at the University of Hull, and then performed postgraduate research on the foundations of quantum physics at Birkbeck College, where theoretical physicist David Bohm introduced him to the problem of wholeness in quantum theory. Subsequently, Bortoft worked with John G. Bennett on Bennett's Systematics (also known as Multi-Term Systems), which was Bennett's methodology for assisting the systematic and progressive understanding of systems, complexity, and wholeness, and on efforts with Bennett and with Kenneth W. Pledge to develop a formal language that was rigorously descriptive of scientific activity. Those efforts were published in Systematics: The Journal of the Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences, listed below.

Bortoft taught physics and philosophy of science at Schumacher College in the framework of the program in Holistic Science. He held numerous lectures and seminars in Great Britain and the United States on the scientific work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and on the development of modern science.

Bortoft died on 29 December 2012 at his home in Matlaske, Norfolk, aged 74.

Works
Henri Bortoft Taking Appearance Seriously: The Dynamic Way of Seeing in Goethe and European Thought, Floris Books, 2012, .
The Wholeness of Nature: Goethe's way toward a science of conscious participation in nature, Lindisfarne Press, 1996, .
Goethe's Scientific Consciousness, Octagon press, 1986, . Note that Goethe's Scientific Consciousness is reused as part II of the book The Wholeness of Nature
"Counterfeit and Authentic Wholes", In D. Seamon and R. Mugerauer, eds.: Dwelling, Place and Environment: Toward a Phenomenology of Person and World, pp. 281–302, Columbia University Press, 1985.
The Whole: Counterfeit and Authentic, Systematics, 9 (2) (September, 1971), pp. 43–73.
Review Discussion: A Systematic Critique of the Management of Science, Systematics, 7 (4) (March, 1971), pp. 347–351.
The Ambiguity of 'One' and 'Two' in Young's Experiment, Systematics, 8 (3) (December, 1970), available online at http://www.toutley.demon.co.uk/HB.htm.
Language, Will, and the Fact, Systematics, 6 (3) (December, 1968).
"The Resolution by a Rigorous Descriptive Method of Some Dilemmas in Physical Science – Part 1", Systematics, 4 (2) (September, 1966). This article reflects Bortoft's development of the idea of a rigorous descriptive method in the earlier article below and restates the Descriptive Model more concisely and elegantly, with an emphasis on the collective, sociological will of the scientific community.
with J. G. Bennett and K. W. Pledge: Towards an Objectively Complete Language: An essay in objective description as applied to scientific procedure, Systematics, 3 (3) (December, 1965).

References

External links
Henri Borthoft at Schumacher College
Henri Bortoft: The transformation of consciousness
Goethian science, by H. Bortoft
Dialogue on leadership, interview with Henri Bortoft by Claus Otto Scharmer, 1999
Review of Henri Bortoft's Taking Appearance Seriously

20th-century British physicists
21st-century British physicists
Alumni of the University of Hull
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
Philosophers of science
1938 births
2012 deaths
People associated with The Institute for Cultural Research

Henri Bortoft


The Tao of Zen is a nonfiction book by Ray Grigg, published by Charles E. Tuttle Company in 1994, and reprinted by Alva Press in 1999.

The work argues that what we recognize as traditional Chinese Ch'an/Japanese Zen Buddhism is in fact almost entirely grounded in Chinese Taoist philosophy, though this fact is well shrouded by the persistence of Mahayana Buddhist institutional trappings.  Utilizing an array of scholarly commentary on the two traditions and historical deduction from what can be considered to be the best primary source material available, the author traces the development of Taoism and Buddhism in China and Japan for two millennia.

The story unfolds in China as Buddhism appears on the scene and is accepted by the Chinese population as a "simplified version of Taoism" that the Western barbarians (subcontinent Indians and Central Asians, e.g. Tibetans, et al.) could understand. They shared many philosophical similarities that made Chinese acclimation to Buddhism much easier – but the more dogmatic ways in which Buddhism was practiced helped it to get the fast track on becoming the predominant religion in China.

Its predisposition to monastic institutionalization throughout the empire allowed it to eventually assimilate and co-opt Taoist perspectives. The dominance of the Ch'an Buddhist tradition was most responsible for this trend. However, when it was eventually exported to Japan, the Taoist strands had the opportunity in a new cultural framework to once again assert themselves.

Grigg is able to trace the submergence and eventual resurgence of Taoism in Japan and the modern West by identifying how its specific tendencies (paradox, nonduality, aversion to institutionalization, emphasis on informal and varied paths to "enlightenment", focus on the practical matters of influencing the social world, etc.) clearly manifested themselves in very different times and places.

What he seeks to do in this book is vindicate the importance of Taoist thought in the Chinese religious history and displace the notion of Zen Buddhism as a coherent whole. To him, these are very different spiritual systems that only coexist today because of the almost wholly unacknowledged lingering of the original Buddhist colonization of Taoist China. The popularity of Zen today owes much more to its persistent Taoist origins than to Buddhist doctrine.

References
 Grigg, Ray (1994) The Tao of Zen, Tuttle Publishing.

1994 non-fiction books
Philosophy books
Zen studies books
Works about Taoism
Tuttle Publishing books

The Tao of Zen


Vero Software is a company based in Cheltenham, England, that specialises in CAD CAM (Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing).

History
Vero was founded in Northern Italy in October 1988 by Don Babbs and Ezio Galardo when they left Olivetti. In the mid 1990s, its VISI-CAD and VISI-CAM products were the first to use the PC implementation of the Parasolid kernel.

The company was incorporated in 1997 under the name Deepcredit Limited, and then renamed as VI Group Plc in 1998 prior to its listing on the London Stock Market. In October 2007, the company was renamed to Vero Software.

On 11 August 2008, Vero Software Plc and its UK subsidiaries Vero UK Limited and Camtek Limited moved to a combined facility in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire from its previous location in Stroud. In 2010 and 2014 Vero Software was awarded 'The Queens Award for Enterprise'.

Vero Software develops and distributes software for aiding the design and manufacturing processes, providing solutions for the tooling, production engineering, sheet metal, metal fabrication, stone and woodworking industries. The company's brands include Alphacam, Cabinet Vision, Edgecam, Machining STRATEGIST, PEPS, Radan, SMIRT, SURFCAM, VISI, and WorkNC, along with the production control MRP system Javelin.

The company has direct offices in the UK, Germany, Italy, France, Japan, USA, Brazil, Netherlands, China, Korea, Spain and India supplying products to more than 45 countries through its wholly owned subsidiaries and expansive reseller network.

Acquisitions and capital funds
 May 2000 – acquired an Italian software company formerly known as Tecnocam for $349k plus shares.
 March 2001 – acquired the Electronic Data Interchange, a division of the South Wales-based Ubiquity Software Corporation used for the secure transfer of automotive CAD/CAM data for $361k.
 May 2001 – November 2003 – raised up to  €4.2million from a Eureka development grant Accordingly, the Company recognised  $680k due to the Eureka grant and other Italian grant awards as development cost savings in the 2002 accounts.
 May 2002 – Raised $4.6m from the stock market.
 July 2002 – took over its US subsidiary for the assumption of $355k in debt and forgiveness of another $259k of debt.
 August 2002 – sold its office in Prague for $33k.
 September 2002 – acquired machining STRATEGIST and the majority of the programming team from NC Graphics for £1m cash plus shares.
 May 2003 – Received £143k from the South West Regional Development Agency.
 December 2006 – acquired Camtek, a nearby CAM software supplier.
 July 2010 – Battery Ventures acquires Vero Software.
 October 2011 – acquired Planit Software.
 January 2013 – acquired Sescoi International.
 February 2013 – acquired Surfcam.
 August 2014 – Vero Software was acquired by Hexagon AB.

Solutions
Production CAM:
Edgecam: a production CAM software for milling, turning and mill-turn machining.
Surfcam: is a CNC Programming software for 2 axis to 5 axis machining.
Machining Strategist: is a 3D CAM software for roughing and finishing CNC toolpaths .

MOLD & DIE / AUTOMOTIVE:
VISI: is a CAD/CAM software for the mould & die manufacturing industry.
WorkNC: is a CNC software for 2D, 3D and 5-Axis machining of surface or solid models in mould, die and tooling
Smirt: is a 3D viewing / CAM and process management for the die build stamping industry .

VERIFICATION:
NCSIMUL:

TOOL MANAGEMENT:
Fasys:

SHEET METAL:
Radan: is a CAD/CAM software for the design and laser cutting, punching and bending of sheet metal components.

ERP/MES:
Javelin: is software for Manufacturing Resource Planning and Production Control Software.
Workplan: is software for Manufacturing Resource Planning and Production Control Software.

WIRE EDM:
Peps: is a 3D CAM software for wire EDM and multi-axis laser programming.

WOOD:
Alphacam: is a CAM software for wood, stone, composites and metal components from 2-Axis through to 5-Axis NC programming.
Cabinet Vision: is a software to design, price, render and build for woodworkers and cabinetmakers.

References

Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Computer-aided manufacturing software
Companies based in Cheltenham
1988 establishments in England
British companies established in 1988
Software companies established in 1988

Vero Software


"Head Down" is a non-fiction essay by Stephen King that first appeared in The New Yorker in 1990 and was later republished as part of his 1993 short story collection, Nightmares & Dreamscapes. It also pairs with another work in that collection, Brooklyn August.

Plot
The essay chronicles the 1989 season for his son Owen's Little League baseball team, Bangor West. He takes the reader through the ups and downs of the season, giving details of every game, as well as  practice sessions and time on the road while focusing on the reactions of the players and the coaches. This builds to the team winning a hard-fought victory in the final game of the tournament to become the Maine State Champions. The team then goes forward to the Eastern Regional Tournament, only to be beaten in the second round.  However, the story ends on a high note as the team coach, Dave Mansfield, is honored as amateur coach of the year by the United States Baseball Federation. The team also featured eventual Major League pitcher Matt Kinney.

References

External links
King's official website

1990 books
American essays
Works originally published in The New Yorker

Head Down (essay)