Martyn Burke (born 1952) is a Canadian director, novelist and screenwriter from Toronto, Ontario.

Biography
Born in Hamilton, Ontario, to Freda and Les Burke who immigrated from England to Canada during World War II as part of the British Civilian Military Authority, Martyn Burke graduated from Royal York High School in Toronto, Ontario.  He attended McMaster University, where he played on the football team, the McMaster Marauders, and graduated with a degree in economics.  After a brief stint working in television programming for a major advertiser, Burke paid his own way over to Viet Nam to work as a freelance journalist and photographer covering the war.  His experience reporting on the Viet Nam War was the beginning of his writing and filmmaking career and served as the background for his first novel, Laughing War which was short-listed for a Books in Canada First Novel Award.

In 2018, the BBC listed the Paramount Pictures film Top Secret!, which Burke co-wrote, as one of the top one hundred film comedies of all time.

In 2012 he won the Peabody Award and was short-listed for an Academy Award for the film Under Fire: Journalists In Combat; in 2015 he was named winner of the Auteur Award by the International Press Association in Los Angeles; and in 2018 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

Burke lives in Santa Monica, California with his wife, Laura Morton.

Career

After Viet Nam, Burke started writing, directing and producing documentaries for CBC Television winning a number of awards in Canada for his work. Among them are a Gemini Award for Best Documentary for Connections, a multi-part undercover report on the Mafia in Canada and America, and a Genie Award for his documentary, Witnesses, filmed inside the conflict zones of Afghanistan. Other conflict zone documentaries include The Week That Paddy Died, about the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland.

Often Burke's work as a documentary filmmaker inspired his novels or films. His documentary The KGB Connections, resulted in his later novel, The Commissar's Report, a satirical story about Soviet and United States relations during the Cold War. Producing and directing a segment for CBS's West 57th about early black R and B legends Ruth Brown and Bo Diddley being cheated out of record royalties, led to his novel Ivory Joe, the story of a 1950s family being caught up in the turmoil of the music industry at the dawn of Rock and Roll.

While still living in Canada, Burke began writing and directing theatrical films, such as John Candy's first film, The Clown Murders, and Power Play a.k.a. Coup d'Etat which starred Peter O'Toole and David Hemmings. He emigrated to California when Columbia Pictures optioned his book The Commissar's Report and brought him to Los Angeles to write the screenplay.

Continuing to produce and direct documentaries - his 2012 documentary Under Fire: Journalists in Combat was short-listed for an Academy Award and won a Peabody Award in 2012 - his theatrical and cable television film career expanded in Los Angeles and includes the Emmy Award nominated film for TNT, Pirates of Silicon Valley for which he was also nominated for a DGA Award as director. In 2015 he was awarded the International Press Academy's Auteur award. He wrote a number of HBO and TNT films including The Second Civil War starring Beau Bridges (for which Bridges won an Emmy) and James Earl Jones and Denis Leary, Sugartime starring John Turturro about Chicago mafia don Sam Giancana, and an adaptation of George Orwell's Animal Farm. His feature film credits include co-writing the Paramount Pictures cult classic comedy, Top Secret! and directing Avenging Angelo starring Sylvester Stallone, Anthony Quinn and Madeline Stowe.

Films

Avenging Angelo - Warner Bros. (director)
Pirates of Silicon Valley - TNT (writer/director)
Animal Farm - TNT (writer)
Pentagon Wars - HBO (writer)
The Second Civil War - HBO (writer)
Sugartime - HBO (writer)
Top Secret! - Paramount Pictures (co-writer)
The Last Chase - (co-writer/director)
Power Play a.k.a. Coup d'Etat - (writer/director)
The Clown Murders - (writer/director)

Documentaries

Under Fire: Journalists In Combat - CBC documentary channel, theatrical and television, Distributor: Mercury Media Entertainment, London
Islam Vs. Islamists - PBS
The Mohawks and the Mafia - CBC
Battle Diary: A Day in the Life of Charlie Martin - CBC
Cinq Defis - CBC/TF-1
Witnesses: The Untold War in Afghanistan- PBS/CBC
The KGB Connections - CBC
Connections:  An Investigation Into Organized Crime - CBC
Idi Amin: My People Love Me - CBC
The Politics of Lying - CBC
The Legend of The Sleepy Grass (Ireland) - CBC
The Week that Paddy Died (Ireland) - CBC
Carnivals - feature documentary
The California Movie - CBC
The Hollywood Ten and Others:  A History of Politics in Film - CBC
One Revolution Around the Sun (Peru) - CBC

Novels
Music for Love or War - Cormorant Books, Canada - Tyrus/Simon & Schuster, United States
The Truth About the Night - HarperCollins Canada
The Shelling of Beverly Hills - AuthorHouse
Tiara - HarperCollins
Ivory Joe - Bantam Books
The Commissar's Report - Houghton Mifflin
Laughing War - Doubleday

Awards and nominations

International Press Academy Special Achievement Auteur Award - 2015
Peabody Award - 2012                     Under Fire: Journalists in Combat
Academy Award short-list for Best Feature Documentary  Under Fire: Journalists in Combat
DGA - Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Movies for Television nomination        Pirates of Silicon Valley
Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing  - TV film    Pirates of Silicon Valley
Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding TV film    Pirates of Silicon Valley
Edgar Allan Poe Award nomination for Best Television   Sugartime
Feature or Miniseres
ACTRA Award for Best Screenplay                        Power Play a.k.a. Coup d'Etat
Genie Award for Best Documentary                       Witnesses
Gemini Award for Best Documentary                      Connections
ANIK Award for Best Film                                   Connections
Prix Gemeaux for Best Documentary                      Cinq Defis

References

Sources
, November 23, 2011 Globe and Mail article
, McMaster University Alumni
, CBC news radio interview
, 72nd Annual George F. Peabody Awards Announcement
, IMDb Sugartime Award Page
 International Press Academy Award Page

External links

 Under Fire: Journalists in Combat website

1952 births
Living people
Canadian documentary film directors
Film producers from Ontario
Canadian male novelists
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian male screenwriters
Film directors from Toronto
Journalists from Toronto
McMaster Marauders football players
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Sportspeople from Toronto
Writers from Hamilton, Ontario
Writers from Toronto
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Screenwriters from Ontario

Martyn Burke


The Archibald Lampman Award is an annual Canadian literary award, created by Blaine Marchand, and  presented by the literary magazine Arc, for the year's best work of poetry by a writer living in the National Capital Region.

History

The award is named in honour of Canadian poet Archibald Lampman (1861–1899). Born in 1861, he graduated from Trinity College (Toronto) in 1882, then moved to Ottawa where he worked for the Post Office until his death in 1899. He is known for his ability to immerse metaphysics in the details of nature, which he observed while hiking round what was then the wilderness capital of a new country. His books include Among the Millet (1888), Lyrics of Earth (1895) and the posthumous Alcyone (1900).

In 2007, the Archibald Lampman Award for Poetry merged with the Duncan Campbell Scott Foundation, creating the $1500 annual Lampman–Scott Award in honour of two great Confederation Poets.  This partnership came to an end in 2010, and competition returned to its former identity as the Archibald Lampman Award for Poetry.

The inclusion of Scott's name in the award has been controversial because of Scott's actions as a Canadian government official supervising Indian affairs for many years. As head of Canada's Indian Affairs agency, Scott promoted the national government's residential school system as a way to assimilate aboriginal children into Canadian society, separating them from their parents and native culture.

The 2003 and 2008 winner of the award, Shane Rhodes, in 2008 turned over half of the $1,500 prize money to the Wabano Centre for Aboriginal Health, a First Nations health centre, according to a 2008 report by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. "Taking that money wouldn't have been right, with what I'm writing about," Rhodes said. The poet was researching First Nations history and found Scott's name repeatedly referenced. The CBC reported that Rhodes felt "Scott's legacy as a civil servant overshadows his work as a pioneer of Canadian poetry."

In response, Anita Lahey, then editor of Arc Poetry Magazine, said she thought Scott's actions as head of Indian Affairs were important to remember, but did not eclipse his role in the history of Canadian literature. "I think it matters that we're aware of it and that we think about and talk about these things," she said. "I don't think controversial or questionable activities in the life of any artist or writer is something that should necessarily discount the literary legacy that they leave behind."

Winners
 1986 – Colin Morton, This Won't Last Forever
 1987 – Christopher Levenson, Arriving at Night
 1988 – John Barton, West of Darkness
 1989 – Patrick White, Habitable Planets
 1990 – Gary Geddes, No Easy Exit
 1991 – George Elliott Clarke, Whylah Falls
 1992 – Blaine Marchand, A Garden Enclosed
 1993 – Marianne Bluger, Summer Grass
 1994 – John Newlove, Apology for Absence: Selected Poems 1962–1992
 1995 – John Barton, Designs from the Interior
 1996 – Gary Geddes, The Perfect Cold Warrior
 1997 – Diana Brebner, Flora & Fauna
 1998 – Sandra Nicholls, Woman of Sticks, Woman of Stones
 1999 – John Barton, Sweet Ellipsis
 2000 – Stephanie Bolster, Two Bowls of Milk
 2001 – Colin Morton, Coastlines of the Archipelago
 2002 – Armand Garnet Ruffo, At Geronimo's Grave
 2003 – Shane Rhodes, Holding Pattern
 2004 – David O'Meara, The Vicinity
 2005 – Stephen Brockwell, Fruitfly Geographic
 2006 – Laura Farina, This Woman Alphabetical
 2007 – Monty Reid, Disappointment Island
 2008 – Shane Rhodes, The Bindery
 2009 – David O'Meara, Noble Gas, Penny Black
 2010 – Craig Poile, True Concessions
 2011 – Paul Tyler, A Short History of Forgetting
 2012 – Michael Blouin, Wore Down Trust
 2013 – Nina Berkhout, Elseworlds
 2014 – David O'Meara, A Pretty Sight
 2015 – Shane Book, Congotronic
 2016 – Pearl Pirie, the pet radish, shrunken
 2017 – Stephen Brockwell, All of Us Reticent, Here, Together
 2018 - Christine McNair, Charm

See also
Canadian poetry
List of poetry awards
List of years in poetry
List of years in literature

References

External links
Literary Awards in Canada / Prix littéraires au Canada, 1923-2000: Historical and bilingual database which provides brief history of each award together with a complete list of award-winning authors and their works.
Archibald Lampman Award

Canadian poetry awards
1986 establishments in Ontario
Awards established in 1986
Culture of Ottawa
Literary awards by magazines and newspapers

Archibald Lampman Award


Tanja Kragujević (; born 26 October 1946) a Serbian poet, was born in 1946 in Senta, northern Vojvodina. She has been a member of the Serbian Literary Society since its foundation in 2001. By the decision of the Government of Serbia, 24 December 2009, she was awarded the title of top artists in the field of literature. She lives in Zemun.

Education
She finished the first grade of primary school in Senta, continued her education in Belgrade in the primary school "Vuk Karadzic" and in the Second Belgrade High School. She graduated in 1970, and earned her MA in 1973 at the Belgrade Faculty of Philology, Department of General Literature and Literary Theory. Her Master's thesis, dedicated to one of the most important Serbian poets Momčilo Nastasijević, was published in the form of an essay in the prestigious Argus edition, publishing house "Vuk Karadzic", 1976. She has been represented in numerous anthologies of contemporary Serbian poetry in the country and abroad.

Literary work
Her first book of poetry was published when she was twenty by one of the oldest publishing houses ("Matica Srpska", Novi Sad, in 1966) and appeared in "The First Book" collection. Since then she has published 19 collections of poetry, most recently Hleb od ruža (The Bread of Roses) which came out published by KOV, Vršac (2012).

The first book of poems, Vratio se Volodja (Volodja has come Back), was illustrated with the photographs by Tanja's father, an art photographer and photojournalist of Politika newspaper, Stevan Kragujević, while the monograph "Kragujević, Senta koje više nema" ("Kragujević, Senta that no Longer Exists"), was published on the occasion of the tercentenary celebration of the town of Senta by the Kulturno-obrazovni centar "Torzo Lajoš iz Sente", 1997. The book was composed of artistic photographs by Stevan Kragujević and illustrated by the verses of his daughter Tanja and appeared in the amended version of the special poetry collection under the title Pejsaži nevidljivog ("The Landscapes of the Invisible") KOV, Vršac, 2001).

The first selection from her complete poetical works was published by "Agora" (Zrenjanin, 2009). The selected and new poems, entitled Staklena trava (Glass Grass), was edited and the afterword was written by the poet and literary critic Nenad Šaponja. Within Edicija dobitnika književne nagrade Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja (Edition of the Winners of Literary Award of Milica Stojadinovic – Serb), published by Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine (the Cultural Institute of Vojvodina), 2010, a new selection of her poetry, called "Ruža, zaista" ("Rose, indeed"), appeared edited and with the afterword by the literary critic and essayist Dragana Beleslin.

A collection of her works was published in 2017 by the endowment of "Desanka Maksimović" and the National Library of Serbia.

Kragujević family legacy
On the occasion of five decades since the publication of the first  poetical book Vratio se Volodja, Istorijski arhiv Beograda (Historical Archives of Belgrade) staged the exhibition with the same name. The author of the lay out, Isidora Stojanović, presented the author's books, anthologies, rewards, artefacts and photos which constitute a part of Kragujević family legacy and mark the life, editorial and creative work of the poetess. The special segments of the exhibition refers to the family, friends and associates, their letters, photos, books with inscriptions, gifts, rarity books and various items which are the integral part of this legacy.

Translations
Her poems have been translated into German, English, French, Spanish, Hungarian, Dutch, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Belarusian, Italian, Slovenian, Polish, Japanese, and Greek. Especially interesting is the publication entitled Staklena trava (Glass Grass), collection of seven poems in seven languages (French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish), published by Agora, Zrenjanin, 2012. She is present in thematic and other anthologies home and abroad, representing Serbian poetry today, inter alia: Poesia Serbia hoy, Debats (institutció Alfons el Magnànim, Valencia, n.109 2010/4) and Les Poètes de la Mediterannée (preface by Yves Bonnefoy, Gallimar & Culturesfrance, 2010); Hundert grams Seele, Ten Decagrams of Soul, The Anthology of Serbian Poetry of the Second Part of the Twentieth Century (edited by Robert Hodel, Leipziger Literaturverlag, 2011), The Anthology of Serbian Poetry of XX and XXI Century (Herg Benet Publishers, Bucharest, 2012), El Color de la Esencia (Monográfico de Poesía Serbia Contemporánea—the Monography of Contemporary Serbian Poetry (Silvia Monrós de Stojakovic, Anfora Nova, Nova, Rute, Córdoba, Spain, 2013).

Editing
 She edited a children's book written by Desanka Maksimovic Patuljak Kukuruzović (Dwarf Kukuruzović) and Bajka o putevima (The Tale of the Roads) – illustrated with the pictures by Janez Smole, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva and Narodna knjiga, Beograd,)1979.
 The testamentary book of verse of modern classic Srba Mitrović (1931–2007), Magline, Sazveždja (Nebulae, constellations, Rad, Beograd, 2007), for which she wrote the afterword.

Publishing work
More than fifteen years she has been engaged in publishing work. As the editor (Narodna knjiga, Beograd), she has created several collections of books of modern literature, collected and selected works by world outstanding authors (Works by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 1981; Works by Marina Tsvetaeva, 1990), edition Alpha Lyrae, dedicated to the most important names of the modern world poetry (H.L.Borges, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Czesław Miłosz, Janis Ricos, H.M. Enzesberger, Tadeusz Różewicz, Joseph Brodsky, Wisława Szymborska, [Adam Zagajewski, Charles Simic, and others). She is the Editor of the book collection "Ariel" in the publishing house "Agora" who publishes the works of the most outstanding poets in the world (Lucija Stupica, Stanisław Barańczak, Tasos Livaditis, Sarah Kirsch and others). The book Kutija za mesečinu (The Box for Moonlight), was published in 2003. KOV, Vršac.

Published books

Poetry
 Vratio se Volođa. With the photographs by Stevan Kragujević. Edicija "Prva knjiga". Matica srpska, Novi Sad, 1966.
 Nesan. Sa grafičkim prilozima Lazara Vujaklije. Bagdala, Kruševac,1973. Stud. Prosveta, Beograd, 1978.
 Samica. Nolit, Beograd, 1986.
 Osmejak omčice. KOV, Vršac, 1993.
 Divlji bulevar. Rad, Beograd, 1993.
 Muška srma. Srpska književna zadruga, Beograd, 1993.
 Duša trna. Sa crtežima Mihaila Đokovića Tikala. Prosveta, Niš, 1995.
 Osmejak pod stražom. KOV, Vršac, 1995.
 Autoportret, sa krilom. Prosveta, Beograd, 1996.
 Slovočuvar i slovočuvarka. Prosveta, Beograd, 1998.
 Pejzaži nevidljivog. KOV, Vršac, 2001.
 Godine, pesme. Edicija "Povelja". Biblioteka Stefan Prvovenčani, Kraljevo, 2002.
 Pismo na koži. Rad, Beograd, 2002.
 Njutnov dremež. Književno društvo Sveti Sava, Beograd, 2004.
 Žena od pesme. KOV, Vršac, 2006.
 Plavi sneg. KOV, Vršac, 2008.
 Staklena trava. Izabrane pesme. Biblioteka "Arijel", knjiga 1. Agora, Zrenjanin, 2009. (Glass grass . Selected and New Poems. Library "Ariel", Vol. 1, Edited and afterword written by Nenad Šaponja. Cover photograph: Stevan Kragujević, A Road Across the Plains).
 Ruža, odista. Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine. 2010. (Selected Poems. Selected and afterword written by Dragana Beleslijin)
 Motel za zbogom. Biblioteka "Stefan Prvovenčani", Kraljevo, 2010.
 Hleb od ruža. KOV, Vršac, 2012.
 Od svetlosti, od prašine, Književna akademija Istok, Knjaževac, 2014.
 Efekat leptira, Kulturni centar Novog Sada, 2016.
 Corona, Small Poems. Afterword: Jovica Aćin. Cover: Alan Bećiri, Tisa Flower. Illustrations: Maja Simić. Čigoja, Beograd, 2017.
 Efekat leptira, Ratković's poetry evenings, Bijelo Polje, 2018.
 Extravaganza, poems. Book cover: Stevan Kragujević, Scattered Light, shadows, Belgrade, Afterword: Slavko Gordić. Publishers: Čigoja and the author. Beograd, 2019.

Selected poems
 Staklena trava. Izabrane i nove pesme. Biblioteka "Arijel", knj. 1. Priredio i pogovor napisao Nenad Šaponja. Agora, Zrenjanin, 2009. (Glass grass . Selected and New Poems. Book collection "Ariel", Vol. 1, Edited and afterword written by Nenad Šaponja).
 Ruža, odista. Izabrane pesme. Edicija dobitnika književne nagrade Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja. Izbor i pogovor. Dragana Belesliijn Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2010. (Rose, indeed . Selected Poems. Edition of the Winners of literary award Milica Stojadinovic Serb. The selection and afterword by. Dragana Beleslijin)
 Trn o svili (2016), author's choice. Edition "Desanka Maksimović Reward", Book 21, "Desanka Maksimović" Foundation and Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd (The National Library of Serbia, Belgrade), 2016

Special monograph
 Stevan Kragujević i Tanja Kragujević: Senta koje više nema, KOC "Turzo Lajoš", Senta, 1997. Izdanje povodom 300. godišnjice grada Sente. Fotografije: Stevan Kragujević. Stihovi: Tanja Kragujević. (Monograph – "Kragujević, Senta that no Longer Exists", published on the occasion of the tercentenary celebration of the town of Senta. Photographs: Stevan Kragujević; verses: Tanja Kragujević.

Essays
 Mitsko u Nastasijevićevom delu. Biblioteka "Argus". Vuk Karadžić, Beograd, 1976.
 Dodir paunovog pera. Knjiga čitanja. Rad, Beograd, 1994.
 Trepet i čvor. Druga knjiga čitanja. Rad, Beograd, 1997.
 Orfej iz teretane. Treća knjiga čitanja. Prosveta, Beograd, 2001.
 Božanstvo pesme. Eseji o poeziji Miodraga Pavlovića, Ivana V. Lalića, Aleksandra Ristovića, Srbe Mitrovića, Dušana Vukajlovića i Nenada Šaponje. Prosveta, Beograd, 1999.
 Kutija za mesečinu. Mali eseji. KOV, Vršac, 2003.
 Svirač na vlati trave. Eseji. AGORA, Zrenjanin, 2006.
 Izgovoriti zvezdu. Mali eseji. AGORA, Zrenjanin, 2010.
 Talog nedovršenog. Minuete. Književna opština Vršac, 2010.
 Telegrami i molitve, AGORA, Zrenjanin 2015.
 Proći ispod čarobnog luka, essays and lyrical notes, Tanesi, Beograd, 2018.
 Putnik ka omegi (Three poets, three essays: Ewa Zonenberg, Tоny Hoagland, Wislawa Szymborska, Čigoja, Beograd, Kuća poezije, Banja Luka, 2018.

The book of essays about modern Serbian poets Božanstvo pesme /(Divinity of Poem)/(about the poetry of outstanding Serbian poets – Miodrag Pavlović, Ivan V. Lalić, Aleksandar Ristović, Srba Mitrović, Dušan Vukajlović and Nenad Šaponja) was published by Belgrade Publishing House "Prosveta", 1999. The book Svirač na vlati trave (A Player on a Blade of Grass), Agora, 2006, deals with the poetry of Desimir Blagojević, Miloš Crnjanski, Vasko Popa, Srba Mitrović, Miroljub Todorović and Nikola Vujčić. Her essay about native and world literature, broadcast on Radio Berlgrade (Channel 2) were collected in three Books of Reading Poetry (Knjige čitanja), published in Belgrade, 1994, 1997, 2001. A small collection of texts on modern world and native poetical works entitled Izgovoriti zvezdu (Pronouncing a Star), was published by "Agora" (Ogledalo edition), 2010, and KOV Vršac published a new book of her lyrical lines and micro-essays entitled Talog nedovršenog (The Residuum of the Unfinished).

Translated poetry
 Staklena trava (Glass Grass), collection of seven poems in seven languages (French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish), published by Agora, Zrenjanin, 2012. Cover photograph: Stevan Kragujević, A Road Across the Plain.
 Recollection of Silk. Selected poems from The Bread of Roses collection. In Serbian and the translations into English (Marija Knežević), French (Marilyne Bertoncini) and Spanish (Silvia Monrós de Stojaković. About The Bread of Roses (afterword) Vasa Pavković, Afterward translation into English : Nikola S. Krznarić. Cover photo: Katarina Alempijević. Linea Alba III, paper object. Photo of the poetess: Živko Nikolić. Književno društvo "Sveti Sava" (Literary Society "St. Sava"), series- "Druga obala", 2015.

Rendered poetry
 Kajetan Kovič. Pesme. Izbor i pogovor Jože Snoj. Prevod Tatjana Detiček. Prepev Tanja Kragujević. Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1974. (Kajetan Kovič, Poems. Selected and afterword written by Jože Snoj. Translated by Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Rendered by Tanja Kragujević, narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.)
 Tone Pavček, Pesme. Izbor i pogovor Tode Čolak. Prevod Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Prepev Tanja Kragujević. Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1977. (Tone Pavček, Poems. Selected and afterword written by Tode Čolak. Translated by Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Rendered by Tanja Kragujević, Narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.)
 Svetlana Makarovič: Pesme. Izbor, prevod i pogovor Marija Mitrović. Prepev Tanja Kragjević. Narodna knjiga,Beograd, 1977.(Svetlana Makarovič, Poems. (Selected, translated and afterword written by Marija Mitrović. Rendered by Tanja Kragujević, Narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.)
 Marina Cvetajeva, Dela, Narodna knjiga 1990, priredila Milica Nikolić. Knjiga I, Pesme i poeme. (Marina Tsvetaeva, Works, Narodna Knjiga 1990. Selected Poems. Edited by Milica Nikolić. Translated by: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, Tanja Kragujević, Ljudmila Lisina. Book collection "Atlas vetrova", Književna opština Vršac, 1997.
 Marina Cvetajeva: Pohvala vremenu. Izabrane pesme. Priredila Milica Nikolić. Preveli: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, Tanja Kragujević, Ljudmila Lisina. Biblioteka "Atlas vetrova", Književna opština Vršac, 1997.(Marina Tsvetaeva, In Praise of Time. Selected poems. Edited by Milica Nikolić. Translated by: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, Tanja Kragujević, Ljudmila Lisina. Book collection "Atlas vetrova", Književna opština Vršac, 1997.

She has worked in collaboration with translators on a number of rendered poems, and participated in the translation of Marina Tsvetaeva's verses, included in the Anthology of translations by Miodrag Sibinović: : Antologija ruske lirike X-XXI vek, knjiga II (Prva četvrtina – sredina XX veka; Marina Cvetajeva, "Duša", prevod Ljudmina Lisina, prepev Tanja Kragujević, str. 132). Paideia, Beograd, 2007 (An Anthology of Russian poetry X-XXI Century, Volume II – First Quarter – mid-twentieth century, Marina Tsvetaeva, " Soul ", translation: Ljudmina Lisina, rendered by: Tanja Kragujević, p. 132), Paidea, Belgrade, 2007.

Internet Anthology
Since 10 April 2009, the verses of Tanja Kragujević can be found on the world's largest Internet poetry presentation, Lyrikline.org.

Awards
 Brankova nagrada" (1966)
 "Đura Jakšić" (1993) – poetry
 "Isidora Sekulić" (1976) – essays
 "Milan Bogdanović" (1996) – literary criticism
 Plaque of the City of Belgrade (1984), hometown plaque award for literary and cultural contribution (1968)
 "Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja" (2009) – poetry.
 "The seal of the town of Sremski Karlovci", 2013, for the best book of poetry published in 2012 (collection "Bread of roses", KOV, Vršac, 2012).
 "Rade Tomić" Reward (2014) for the manuscript of the book entitled Od svetlosti od prašine
 "Desanka Maksimović" Reward (2015) for the whole contribution to Serbian poetry
 "Lenkin prsten" (2015) for the best love poem published in the same year  (the poem  "Voda")
 "Gračanička povelja" (2016)
 "Risto Ratković" award for the collection of poems entitled Butterfly Effect, 2017.
 Rade Drainac Prize 2020, for poetry collection Extravaganza

References

External links
 Tanja Kragujević / Official
 b92 / Fair in Thessaloniki
 News / Tanja Kragujević: A Moment worthy of Celebration
 Bookstore / Tanja Kragujević
 Politika / Culture interview
 News / Culture-Award on the birthday of Branko Radićević

1946 births
Living people
People from Senta
Serbian women poets
Serbian translators

Tanja Kragujević


In the 17th century in some European countries, it was common for death masks to be used as part of the effigy of the deceased, displayed at state funerals. During the 18th and 19th centuries they were also used to keep a record the faces of unknown bodies. This is now done with photographs.

Phrenologists and ethnographers used both death masks and life masks (taken from living people) for scientific and pseudoscientific purposes. A death mask is a wax or plaster cast made of a person's face. Death masks may be mementos of the dead, or used for creation of portraits. It is sometimes possible to tell if paintings have been copied from death masks, because shape of the face is altered by the weight of the plaster during the making of the mould. In some cultures a death mask may be a clay or other item placed on the face of the dead person before burial rites. The best known of these are the masks used by ancient Egyptians as part of the mummification process, such as Tutankhamon's burial mask. In the 17th century in some European countries, it was common for death masks to be used as part of the effigy of the deceased, displayed at state funerals. During the 18th and 19th centuries they were also used to keep a record the faces of unknown bodies. This is now done with photographs.

History

Sculptures
Masks of dead people are a tradition in many countries. The most important process of the funeral ceremony in ancient Egypt was the mummification of the body. After prayers and consecration, the body was put into a sarcophagus decorated with gold and gems. A special part of the rite was a sculpted mask, put on the face of the dead person. This mask strengthened the spirit of the mummy and guarded the soul from evil spirits on its way to the afterworld. The best known mask is that of Tutankhamun. Made of gold and gems, the mask shows the highly stylized features of the ancient ruler. Such masks were not, however, made from casts of the features. The mummification process itself kept the features of the dead person.

In 1876 the archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovered in Mycenae six graves, which he believed were those of kings and ancient Greek heroes—Agamemnon, Cassandra, Evrimdon and others. To his surprise, the skulls were covered with gold masks. It is now thought by some unlikely that the masks actually belonged to Agamemnon and other heroes of the Homeric epics.

The lifelike character of Roman portrait sculptures has been linked to the earlier Roman use of wax to keep the features of dead family members. The wax masks were then remade in stone.

Casts

In the late Middle Ages, a shift took place from sculpted masks to true death masks, made of wax or plaster. These masks were not buried with the dead. Instead, they were used in funeral ceremonies and were later kept in libraries, museums and universities. Death masks were taken not only of dead royalty and nobility (Henry VIII, Sforza), but also of important people—poets, philosophers, and dramaturges, such as Dante, Filippo Brunelleschi, Torquato Tasso, Blaise Pascal and Voltaire. Like in ancient Rome, death masks were often then used in making marble sculpture portraits, busts or engravings of the deceased.

Oliver Cromwell's death mask is kept at Warwick Castle. Another famous death mask is that of Napoleon Bonaparte, taken on the island of Saint Helena and displayed at London's British Museum.

In Russia, the death mask tradition dates back to the times of Peter the Great, whose death mask was made by Carlo Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Also well known are death masks of Alexander I, Nicholas I and Alexander II.

One of the first real Ukrainian death masks was that of the poet Taras Shevchenko, made by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Science

Death masks were used by scientists from the late 18th century onwards to record differences in human physiognomy. The life mask was also increasingly common at this time, taken from living persons. Anthropologists used such masks to study physiognomic features in famous persons and notorious criminals. Masks were also used to collect data on racial differences.

Forensics

Before the invention of photography, the faces of unknown bodies were sometimes kept by making death masks so that relatives of the dead could recognize them if they were looking for a missing person.

One such mask, known as L'Inconnue de la Seine, recorded the face of a young woman who had drowned in the Seine River at Paris around the late 1880s. A worker at the Paris morgue was so taken by her beauty that he made a plaster cast of her face. She was considered so beautiful that in the following years copies of the mask became a fashionable item in Parisian Bohemian society. The face of Resusci Anne, the world's first CPR training mannequin, introduced in 1960, was modeled after L'Inconnue de la Seine.

Related pages
Portrait
Sculpture

References

Other websites

 Laurence Hutton Collection of Life and Death Masks
 Before and After Death  Photographic portraits of people before, and immediately after, they die
 Collection of Death Masks  History of death masks, Pictures of death masks and historical resources
 Ancient Egyptian Masks by Egy King

Death customs

Death mask


Eli's Chosen Six was the ensemble that appeared in the influential 1958 concert film Jazz On A Summer's Day playing Dixieland as they drove around Newport in a convertible jalopy. It was a famous Yale University Dixieland band of the 1950s that played the boisterous trad-jazz style of the day. The ensemble of white college-student jazz revivalists rose into popular prominence in the mid-1950s, when "college jazz" was a catchphrase. The sextet was founded and managed by Dick Voigt, and counted as members the later-legendary trombonist Roswell Rudd, bassists Buell Neidlinger (succeeded by Bob Morgan), cornetist and cartoonist Lee Lorenz, clarinetist Pete Williams (who was succeeded by Leroy Sam Parkins) and drummer Lyman "House" Drake (who was succeeded by Steve Little). With the help of the producer and Yale alumnus George Avakian, the band recorded an album for Columbia Records in 1955.

Eli's Chosen Six appeared not only in the 1958 film, but also performed at Carnegie Hall, toured most of the major college campuses in the northeast and appeared at many top jazz clubs around the country. After Yale, founder Dick Voigt performed in combos led by Wild Bill Davison, Vic Dickenson, Bob Wilber, Henry Goodwin, J. C. Higginbotham and Doc Cheatham. The most prominent alumnus of the group was Rudd, of whom it was said "all his future endeavors--including his landmark collaborations with Cecil Taylor, Archie Shepp, John Tchicai and Steve Lacy--grew out of the lessons learned while playing rags and stomps for drunken college kids in Connecticut."

References

American jazz ensembles
Yale University musical groups
Musical groups established in the 1950s
Jazz musicians from Connecticut

Eli's Chosen Six


is a Japanese multinational information and communications technology equipment and services corporation, established in 1935 and headquartered in Tokyo. It is the world's sixth-largest IT services provider by annual revenue, and the largest in Japan, in 2021. The hardware offerings from Fujitsu are mainly of personal and enterprise computing products, including x86, SPARC and mainframe compatible server products, although the corporation and its subsidiaries also offer a diversity of products and services in the areas of data storage, telecommunications, advanced microelectronics, and air conditioning. It has approximately 126,400 employees and its products and services are available in approximately 180 countries.

Fujitsu is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Nagoya Stock Exchange; its Tokyo listing is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices.

History

1935 to 2000
Fujitsu was established on June 20, 1935, which makes it one of the oldest operating IT companies after IBM and before Hewlett-Packard, under the name , as a spin-off of the Fuji Electric Company, itself a joint venture between the Furukawa Electric Company and the German conglomerate Siemens which had been founded in 1923. Despite its connections to the Furukawa zaibatsu, Fujitsu escaped the Allied occupation of Japan after the Second World War mostly unscathed.

In 1954, Fujitsu manufactured Japan's first computer, the FACOM 100 mainframe, and in 1961 launched its second generation computers (transistorized) the FACOM 222 mainframe. The 1968 FACOM230 "5" Series marked the beginning of its third generation computers. Fujitsu offered mainframe computers from 1955 until at least 2002 Fujitsu's computer products have also included minicomputers, small business computers, servers and personal computers.

In 1955, Fujitsu founded Kawasaki Frontale as a company football club; Kawasaki Frontale has been a J. League football club since 1999. In 1967, the company's name was officially changed to the contraction . Since 1985, the company also fields a company American football team, the Fujitsu Frontiers, who play in the corporate X-League, appeared in 7 Japan X Bowls, winning two, and won two Rice Bowls.

In 1971, Fujitsu signed an OEM agreement with the Canadian company Consolidated Computers Limited (CCL) to distribute CCL's data entry product, Key-Edit. Fujitsu joined both International Computers Limited (ICL) which earlier began marketing Key-Edit in the British Commonwealth of countries as well as in both western and eastern Europe; and CCL's direct marketing staff in Canada, USA, London (UK) and Frankfurt. Mers Kutt, inventor of Key-Edit and founder of CCL, was the common thread that led to Fujitsu's later association with ICL and Gene Amdahl.

In 1986, Fujitsu and The Queen's University of Belfast business incubation unit (QUBIS Ltd) established a joint venture called Kainos, a privately held software company based in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

In 1990, Fujitsu acquired 80% of the UK-based computer company ICL for $1.29 billion. In September 1990, Fujitsu announced the launch of a new series of mainframe computers which were at that time the fastest in the world. In July 1991, Fujitsu acquired more than half of the Russian company KME-CS (Kazan Manufacturing Enterprise of Computer Systems).

In 1992, Fujitsu introduced the world's first 21-inch full-color plasma display. It was a hybrid, based upon the plasma display created at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and NHK STRL, achieving superior brightness.

In 1993, Fujitsu formed a flash memory manufacturing joint venture with AMD, Spansion. As part of the transaction, AMD contributed its flash memory group, Fab 25 in Texas, its R&D facilities and assembly plants in Thailand, Malaysia and China; Fujitsu provided its Flash memory business division and the Malaysian Fujitsu Microelectronics final assembly and test operations.

From February 1989 until mid-1997, Fujitsu built the FM Towns PC variant. It started as a proprietary PC variant intended for multimedia applications and computer games, but later became more compatible with regular PCs. In 1993, the FM Towns Marty was released, a gaming console compatible with the FM Towns games.

Fujitsu agreed to acquire the 58 percent of Amdahl Corporation (including the Canada-based DMR consulting group) that it did not already own for around $850 million in July 1997.

In April 1997, the company acquired a 30 percent stake in GLOVIA International, Inc., an El Segundo, Calif., manufacturing ERP software provider whose software it had begun integrating into its electronics plants starting in 1994.

In June 1999, Fujitsu's historical connection with Siemens was revived, when the two companies agreed to merge their European computer operations into a new 50:50 joint venture called Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which became the world's fifth-largest computer manufacturing company.

2000 to 2020
In April 2000, Fujitsu acquired the remaining 70% of GLOVIA International.

In April 2002 ICL re-branded itself as Fujitsu. On March 2, 2004, Fujitsu Computer Products of America lost a class action lawsuit over hard disk drives with defective chips and firmware. In October 2004, Fujitsu acquired the Australian subsidiary of Atos Origin, a systems implementation company with around 140 employees which specialized in SAP.

In August 2007, Fujitsu signed a £500 million, 10-year deal with Reuters Group under which Reuters outsourced the majority of its internal IT department to Fujitsu. As part of the agreement around 300 Reuters staff and 200 contractors transferred to Fujitsu. In October 2007, Fujitsu announced that it would be establishing an offshore development centre in Noida, India with a capacity to house 1,200 employees, in an investment of US$10 million.

In October 2007, Fujitsu's Australia and New Zealand subsidiary acquired Infinity Solutions Ltd, a New Zealand-based IT hardware, services and consultancy company, for an undisclosed amount.

In January 2009, Fujitsu reached an agreement to sell its HDD business to Toshiba. Transfer of the business was completed on October 1. 2009.

In March 2009, Fujitsu announced that it had decided to convert FDK Corporation, at that time an equity-method affiliate, to a consolidated subsidiary from May 1, 2009 (tentative schedule) by subscribing to a private placement to increase FDK's capital. On April 1, 2009, Fujitsu agreed to acquire Siemens' stake in Fujitsu Siemens Computers for approximately EUR450m. Fujitsu Siemens Computers was subsequently renamed Fujitsu Technology Solutions.

In April 2009, Fujitsu acquired Australian software company Supply Chain Consulting for a  $48 million deal, just weeks after purchasing the Telstra subsidiary Kaz for $200 million.

Concerning of net loss forecast that amounted to 95 billion yen in the year ending March 2013, in February 2013 Fujitsu announced the cutting of 5,000 jobs of which 3,000 jobs in Japan and the rest overseas from its 170,000 employees. Fujitsu also merged its Large-scale integration chip designing business with that of Panasonic Corporation, resulting in the establishment of Socionext.

In 2014, after severe losses, Fujitsu spun off its LSI chip manufacturing division as well, as Mie Fujitsu semiconductor, which was later bought in 2018 by United Semiconductor Japan Co., Ltd., wholly owned by United Microelectronics Corporation.

In 2015, Fujitsu celebrated 80 years since establishment at a time when its IT business embarked upon the Fujitsu 2015 World Tour which has included 15 major cities globally and been visited by over 10,000 IT professionals with Fujitsu presenting its take on the future of Hyper Connectivity and Human Centric Computing.

In April 2015 GLOVIA International is renamed FUJITSU GLOVIA, Inc.

In November 2015, Fujitsu Limited and VMware announced new areas of collaboration to empower customers with flexible and secure cloud technologies. It also acquired USharesoft which provides enterprise-class application delivery software for automating the build, migration and governance of applications in multi-cloud environments.

In January 2016, Fujitsu Network Communications Inc. announced a new suite of layered products to advance software-defined networking (SDN) for carriers, service providers and cloud builders. Virtuora NC, based on open standards, is described by Fujitsu as "a suite of standards-based, multi-layered, multi-vendor network automation and virtualization products" that "has been hands-on hardened by some of the largest global service providers."

In 2019, Fujitsu started to deliver 5G telecommunications equipment to NTT Docomo, along with NEC.

In March 2020, Fujitsu announced the creation of a subsidiary, later named Fujitsu Japan, that will enable the company to expand its business in the Japanese IT services market.

In June 2020, Fugaku, co-developed with the RIKEN research institute, was declared the most powerful supercomputer in the world. The performance capability of Fugaku is 415.53 PFLOPS with a theoretical peak of 513.86 PFLOPS. It is three times faster than of the previous champion. Fugaku also ranked first place in categories that measure computational methods performance for industrial use, artificial intelligence applications, and big data analytics. The supercomputer is located in a facility in Kobe.

In June 2020, Fujitsu developed an artificial intelligence monitor that can recognize complex hand movements, built on its crime surveillance technology. The AI is designed to check whether the subject complete proper hand washing procedure based on the guidelines issued by the WHO.

In September 2020, Fujitsu introduced software-defined storage technology that incorporates Qumulo hybrid cloud file storage software to enable enterprises to unify petabytes of unstructured data from disparate locations, across multiple data centers and the cloud. This is expected to support various types of storages, including NVMe SSDs, HDDs and flash-drives.

In September 2023, Fujitsu announced that it would be moving its headquarters from Shiodome City Center in Minato, Tokyo to Kawasaki, Kanagawa. The company will be vacating the large building by the end of September next year, with its management division moving to Kawasaki Plant, its sales division moving to an office building in Kawasaki, and its system development division moving to an office building in Ōta, Tokyo. The company said that it was making the move to respond to the growing popularity of remote work, which has resulted in a 20% drop in employee attendance rates, as well as to increase the number of external offices away from the headquarters across the country.

Operations

Fujitsu Laboratories

Fujitsu Laboratories, Fujitsu's Research and Development division, has approximately 900 employees and a capital of JP¥5 billion. The current CEO is Hirotaka Hara.

In 2012, Fujitsu announced that it had developed new technology for non-3D camera phones. The technology will allow the camera phones to take 3D photos.

Fujitsu Electronics Europe GmbH

Fujitsu Electronics Europe GmbH entered the market as a global distributor on January 1, 2016.

Fujitsu Consulting
Fujitsu Consulting is the consulting and services arm of the Fujitsu group, providing information technology consulting, implementation and management services.

Fujitsu Consulting was founded in 1973 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, under its original name "DMR" (an acronym of the three founder's names: Pierre Ducros, Serge Meilleur and Alain Roy) During the next decade, the company established a presence throughout Quebec and Canada, before extending its reach to international markets. For nearly thirty years, DMR Consulting grew to become an international consulting firm, changing its name to Fujitsu Consulting in 2002 after being acquired by Fujitsu Ltd.

Fujitsu operates a division of the company in India, resulting from an acquisition of North America-based company, Rapidigm. It has offshore divisions at Noida, Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bangalore with Pune being the head office. Fujitsu Consulting India launched its second $10 million development center at Noida in October 2007, a year after starting operation in the country. Following the expansion plan, Fujitsu Consulting India launched the fourth development center in Bengaluru in Nov 2011.

Fujitsu General

Fujitsu Ltd. has a 42% shareholding in , which manufactures and markets various air conditioning units and humidity control solutions under the General & Fujitsu brands. In India, The company has ended its long-standing joint venture agreement with the Dubai-based ETA group and henceforth will operate under a wholly owned subsidiary Fujitsu General (India) Pvt Ltd, which was earlier known as ETA General.

PFU Limited

PFU Limited, headquartered in Ishikawa, Japan is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited. PFU Limited was established in 1960, has approximately 4,600 employees globally and in 2013 turned over 126.4 billion Yen (US$1.2 Billion). PFU manufactures interactive kiosks, keyboards, network security hardware, embedded computers and imaging products (document scanners) all under the PFU or Fujitsu brand. In addition to hardware PFU also produce desktop and enterprise document capture software and document management software products. PFU has overseas Sales & Marketing offices in Germany (PFU Imaging Solutions Europe Limited), Italy (PFU Imaging Solutions Europe Limited), United Kingdom (PFU Imaging Solutions Europe Limited) and United States of America (Fujitsu Computer Products of America Inc). PFU Limited are responsible for the design, development, manufacture, sales and support of document scanners which are sold under the Fujitsu brand. Fujitsu are market leaders in professional document scanners with their fi-series, Scansnap and ScanPartner product families as well as Paperstream IP, Paperstream Capture, ScanSnap Manager, ScanSnap Home, Cardminder, Magic Desktop and Rack2Filer software products.

Fujitsu Glovia, Inc.
Fujitsu Glovia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Ltd., is a discrete manufacturing enterprise resource planning software vendor based in El Segundo, California, with international operations in the Netherlands, Japan and the United Kingdom. The company offers on-premise and cloud-based ERP manufacturing software under the Glovia G2 brand, and software as a service (SaaS) under the brand Glovia OM. The company was established in 1970 as Xerox Computer Services, where it developed inventory, manufacturing and financial applications. Fujitsu acquired 30 percent of the renamed Glovia International in 1997 and the remaining 70 percent stake in 2000.

Fujitsu Client Computing Limited
 (FCCL), headquartered in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, the city where the company was founded, is the division of Fujitsu responsible for research, development, design, manufacturing and sales of consumer PC products. Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary, in November 2017, FCCL was spun off into a joint venture with Lenovo and Development Bank of Japan (DBJ). The new company retains the same name, and Fujitsu is still responsible for sales and support of the products; however, Lenovo owns a majority stake at 51%, while Fujitsu retains 44%. The remaining 5% stake is held by DBJ.

Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc.
Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc., headquartered in Richardson, Texas, United States, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited. Established in 1996, Fujitsu Network Communications specializes in building, operating, and supporting optical and wireless broadband and telecommunications networks. The company's customers include telecommunications service providers, internet service providers, cable companies, utilities, and municipalities. Fujitsu Network Communications provides network management and design tools. The company also builds networks that comply with various next-generation technologies and initiatives, including the Telecom Infra Project.

Products and services

Computing products
Fujitsu's computing product lines include:

 Relational Database: Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres

Fujitsu has more than 35 years experience in database development and is a "major contributor" to open source Postgres. Fujitsu engineers have also developed an Enterprise Postgres version called Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres benefits include Enterprise Support; warranted code; High Availability enhancements; security enhancements (end to end transparent data encryption, data masking, auditing); Performance enhancements (In-Memory Columnar Index  provides support for HTAP (Hybrid transactional/analytical processing) workloads); High-speed Backup and Recovery; High-speed data load; Global metacache (improved memory management); Oracle compatibility extensions (to assist migration from Oracle to Postgres). Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres can be deployed on X86 (Linux, Windows), IBM z/IBM LinuxONE; it is also packaged as a RedHat OpenShift (OCP) container.
PRIMERGY
In May 2011, Fujitsu decided to enter the mobile phone space again, with Microsoft announcing plans that Fujitsu would release Windows Phone devices.

ETERNUS

Fujitsu PRIMERGY and ETERNUS are distributed by TriTech Distribution Limited in Hong Kong.

LIFEBOOK, AMILO: Fujitsu's range of notebook computers and tablet PCs.

Cloud computing
Fujitsu offers a public cloud service delivered from data centers in Japan, Australia, Singapore, the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany based on its Global Cloud Platform strategy announced in 2010. The platform delivers Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) – virtual information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, such as servers and storage functionality – from Fujitsu's data centers. In Japan, the service was offered as the On-Demand Virtual System Service (OViSS) and was then launched globally as Fujitsu Global Cloud Platform/S5 (FGCP/S5). Since July 2013 the service has been called IaaS Trusted Public S5. Globally, the service is operated from Fujitsu data centers located in Australia, Singapore, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.

Fujitsu has also launched a Windows Azure powered Global Cloud Platform in a partnership with Microsoft. This offering, delivering Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), was known as FGCP/A5 in Japan but has since been renamed FUJITSU Cloud PaaS A5 for Windows Azure. It is operated from a Fujitsu data center in Japan. It offers a set of application development frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET, Java and PHP, and data storage capabilities consistent with the Windows Azure platform provided by Microsoft. The basic service consists of compute, storage, Microsoft SQL Azure, and Windows Azure AppFabric technologies such as Service Bus and Access Control Service, with options for inter-operating services covering implementation and migration of applications, system building, systems operation, and support.

Fujitsu acquired RunMyProcess in April 2013, a Cloud-based integration Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) specialized in workflow automation and business application development.

Fujitsu offers local cloud platforms, such as in Australia, that provide the ability to rely on its domestic data centers which keep sensitive financial data under local jurisdiction and compliance standards.

Microprocessors
Fujitsu produces the SPARC-compliant CPU (SPARClite), the "Venus" 128 GFLOP SPARC64 VIIIfx model is included in the K computer, the world's fastest supercomputer in June 2011 with a rating of over 8 petaflops, and in October 2011, K became the first computer to top 10 petaflops. This speed was achieved in testing on October 7–8, and the results were then presented at the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC11) in November 2011.

The Fujitsu FR, FR-V and ARM architecture microprocessors are widely used, additionally in ASICs and Application-specific standard products (ASSP) like the Milbeaut with customer variants named Nikon Expeed. They were acquired by Spansion in 2013.

Advertising
The old slogan "The possibilities are infinite" can be found below the company's logo on major advertisements and ties in with the small logo above the letters J and I of the word Fujitsu. This smaller logo represents the symbol for infinity. As of April 2010, Fujitsu is in the process of rolling out a new slogan focused on entering into partnerships with its customers and retiring the "possibilities are infinite" tagline. The new slogan is "shaping tomorrow with you".

Criticism

Fujitsu designed, developed and operated the Horizon IT system mentioned in the trial between the UK Post Office and its sub-postmasters. The case, settled in December 2019, found that the IT system was unreliable and that faults in the system caused discrepancies in branch accounts which were not due to the postmasters themselves. Mr. Justice Fraser, the judge hearing the case, noted that Fujitsu had given "wholly unsatisfactory evidence" and there had been a "lack of accuracy on the part of Fujitsu witnesses in their evidence". Following his concerns, Fraser sent a file to the Director of Public Prosecutions.

Environmental record
Fujitsu reports that all its notebook and tablet PCs released globally comply with the latest Energy Star standard.

Greenpeace's Cool IT Leaderboard of April 2013 "examines how IT companies use their considerable influence to change government policies that will drive clean energy deployment" and ranks Fujitsu 4th out of 21 leading manufacturers, on the strength of "developed case study data of its solutions with fairly transparent methodology, and is the leading company in terms of establishing ambitious and detailed goals for future carbon savings from its IT solutions."

Awards

In 2021 Fujitsu Network Communications won the Optica Diversity & Inclusion Advocacy Recognition for "their investment in programs and initiatives celebrating and advancing Black, LGBTQ+ and women employees in pursuit of greater inclusion and equality within their company and the wider community."

See also

List of computer system manufacturers
List of semiconductor fabrication plants
 See the World by Train, a daily Japanese TV mini-programme sponsored by Fujitsu since 1987

References

External links

  Wiki collection of bibliographic works on Fujitsu

Cloud computing providers
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Consumer electronics brands
Defense companies of Japan
Display technology companies
Electronics companies established in 1935
Electronics companies of Japan
Furukawa Group
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies
Japanese brands
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Mobile phone manufacturers
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Point of sale companies
Software companies based in Tokyo
Technology companies of Japan
Telecommunications companies based in Tokyo
Computer enclosure companies
Japanese companies established in 1935

Fujitsu


Drill pipe, is hollow, thin-walled, steel or aluminium alloy piping that is used on drilling rigs.  It is hollow to allow drilling fluid to be pumped down the hole through the bit and back up the annulus. It comes in a variety of sizes, strengths, and wall thicknesses, but is typically 27 to 32 feet in length (Range 2). Longer lengths, up to 45 feet, exist (Range 3).

Background
Drill stems must be designed to transfer drilling torque for combined lengths that often exceed several miles down into the Earth's crust, and also must be able to resist pressure differentials between inside and outside (or vice versa), and have sufficient strength to suspend the total weight of deeper components. For deep wells this requires tempered steel tubes that are expensive, and owners spend considerable efforts to reuse them after finishing a well.

A used drill stem is inspected on site, or off location. Ultrasonic testing and modified instruments similar to the spherometer are used at inspection sites to identify defects from metal fatigue, in order to preclude fracture of the drill stem during future wellboring. Drill pipe is most often considered premium class, which is 80% remaining body wall (RBW). After inspection determines that the RBW is below 80%, the pipe is considered to be Class 2 or "yellow band" pipe.  Eventually the drill pipe will be graded as scrap and marked with a red band.

Drill pipe is a portion of the overall drill string. The drill string consists of both drill pipe and the bottom hole assembly (BHA), which is the tubular portion closest to the bit. The BHA will be made of thicker walled heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP) and drill collars, which have a larger outside diameter and provide weight to the drill bit and stiffness to the drilling assembly. Other BHA components can include a mud motor, measurement while drilling (MWD) apparatus, stabilizers, and various specialty downhole tools. The drill stem includes the entire drill string, plus the kelly that imparts rotation and torque to the drill pipe at the top.

See Drilling rig (petroleum) for a diagram of a drilling rig.

Manufacturing Process
Modern drill pipe is made from the welding of at least three separate pieces: box tool joint, pin tool joint, and the tube. The green tubes are received by the drill pipe manufacturer from the steel mill. The ends of the tubes are then upset to increase the cross-sectional area of the ends. The tube end may be externally upset (EU), internally upset (IU), or internally and externally upset (IEU). Standard max upset dimensions are specified in API 5DP, but the exact dimensions of the upset are proprietary to the manufacturer. After upsetting, the tube then goes through a heat treating process. Drill pipe steel is commonly quenched and tempered to achieve high yield strengths (135 ksi is a common tube yield strength).

The tool joints (connectors) are also received by the manufacturer as green tubes. After a quench and temper heat treat, the tool joints are cut into box (female) and pin (male) threads. Tool joints are commonly 120 ksi SMYS, rather than the 135 ksi of the tube. They generally are stiffer than the tube, increasing the likelihood of fatigue failure at the junction. The lower SMYS on the connection increases the fatigue resistance. Higher strength steels are typically harder and more brittle, making them more susceptible to cracking and subsequent stress crack propagation.

Tubes and tool joints are welded using rotary inertia or direct drive friction welding. The tube is held stationary while the tool joint is revolved at high RPMs. The tool joint is then firmly pressed onto the upset end of the tube while the tool joint is rotating. The heat and force during this interaction weld the two together. Once the "ram horns" or excess material is removed, the weld line can only be seen under a microscope. Inertia friction welding is the traditional proven method. Direct drive friction welding is controlled and monitored up to 1000 times a second, resulting in a fine quality weld that does not necessarily need a full heat treat quench and temper regime.

References

Drilling fluid
Piping

Drill pipe


Authoritarian capitalism, or illiberal capitalism, is an economic system in which a capitalist market economy exists alongside an authoritarian government. Related to and overlapping with state capitalism, a system in which the state undertakes commercial activity, authoritarian capitalism combines private property and the functioning of market forces with repression of dissent, restrictions on freedom of speech and either a lack of elections or an electoral system with a single dominant political party.

Countries commonly referred to as being authoritarian capitalist states include China since the economic reforms, Hungary under Viktor Orbán, Russia under Vladimir Putin, Chile under Augusto Pinochet, Singapore under Lee Kuan Yew, and Turkey under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as well as fascist regimes and military dictatorships during the Cold War. Nazi Germany has also been described as authoritarian capitalist, especially for its privatization policy in the 1930s.

Political scientists disagree on the long-run sustainability of authoritarian capitalism, with arguments both for and against the long-term viability of political repression alongside a capitalist free-market economic system.

History

Early development
As a political economic model, authoritarian capitalism is not a recent phenomenon. Throughout history, examples of authoritarian capitalism include Manuel Estrada Cabrera's and Jorge Ubico's respective reigns in Guatemala, Augusto Pinochet's reign in Chile, Suharto's New Order in Indonesia and the People's Action Party's early administration in Singapore. During World War I, the ideological divide between authoritarian and liberal regimes was significantly less pronounced as both were aligned to capitalist economic models. Moreover, the Axis powers of World War II have been described as possessing totalitarian capitalist economic systems, acting as examples of the early developments of authoritarian capitalism.

From the end of World War II, various authoritarian capitalism regimes emerged, developed and transitioned into a liberal capitalist model through East Asia, Southern Europe and Latin America. It has been argued that the change of these early regimes was predominately due to the dominance of liberal capitalist countries such as the United States as opposed to a natural transition, suggesting that modern authoritarian capitalist regimes may further develop the system.

Recent prominence

While having been a relatively unknown system due to the failure of authoritarianism within the First World during the Cold War, with the transition of authoritarian countries such as China and Russia to capitalist economic models, authoritarian capitalism has recently risen to prominence. While it was initially thought that changing to a capitalist model would lead to the formation of a liberal democracy within authoritarian countries, the continued persistence of an authoritarian capitalist models has led to this view decreasing in popularity. Furthermore, some have argued that by using capitalist economic models authoritarian governments have improved the stability of their regimes through improving the quality of life of their citizenship. Highlighting this appeal, Robert Kagan stated: "There's no question that China is an attractive model for autocrats who would like to be able to pursue economic growth without losing control of the levers of power".

Moreover, authoritarian capitalist regimes have experienced notable growth in their economic production, with the International Monetary Fund stating that authoritarian capitalist countries experienced an average 6.28% GDP growth rate compared to the 2.62% of liberal capitalist countries. In addition, many have argued the inability of liberal capitalism, with the global financial crisis and the slow response of the United States government, to quickly respond to crisis compared to more authoritarian systems has been bought into prominence. In fact, many argue that authoritarian capitalism and liberal capitalism have or will compete on the global stage.

State capitalism

Overlap
Authoritarian governments often seek to establish control within their borders and as such will use state-owned corporations, therefore state capitalism will emerge to some extent within countries that practice authoritarian capitalism, manifesting from the ruling authorities desire to exercise control. The prominent use of state owned corporations and sovereign wealth funds within authoritarian capitalist regimes demonstrates such a tendency, with Russia decreasing its private ownership of oil from 90% to 50% while transitioning to a more authoritarian model under the leadership of Vladimir Putin.

It has also been noted by individuals such as Richard W. Carney that authoritarian regimes have a strong tendency to use their economies as a method to increase their influence heavily investing in their economies through state owned enterprises. Carney describes the intervention of authoritarian states occurring through means he describes as extra-shareholder tactics, including regulations, government contracts and protectionist policies alongside the state engaging in shareholder activism. Moreover, he focuses on the use of state owned funds to engage in take-overs of key assets in other countries such as Khazanah Nasional's takeover of Parkway Pantai in 2010.

Differences
Within countries that practice authoritarian capitalism, state capitalism is generally also present to some extent and vice versa. As such, there is a widespread confusion between the terms with them at times being treated as synonymous by individuals such as former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. However, there remains a fundamental difference with state capitalism being a system in which government owned entities engage in for-profit activities while authoritarian capitalism is a system where an authoritarian regime co-exists with, or at least attempts to adopt aspects of, a market economy, highlighted in countries such as Hungary by the Transnational Institute.

Examples

China

It is generally agreed that China is an authoritarian regime, with the Fraser Institute ranking them 136th for personal freedom and the Human Right Watch's 2018 report describing a "broad and sustained offensive on human rights" within China due to the treatment of activists, restrictions to freedom of information, political expression, religious freedom and minority rights as their core reasons. Moreover, while recognising the limited scope and reducing pace of capitalism within China, with The Heritage Foundation ranking them 110th for economic freedom in 2018, Michael Witt argues that China broadly displays capitalist traits with a significant number of companies either being private or shared between private and public owners alongside a strong entrepreneurial presence despite a continued predominance of indirect state control.

Observers wonder whether authoritarian capitalist regimes can endure. Reporter Joseph Kurlantzick and political scientist Yuen Yuen Ang state that China is unable to fully use the entrepreneurial elements needed to drive future growth if it maintains authoritarian control. As Ang writes in Foreign Affairs, "[t]o achieve this kind of growth, the government must release and channel the immense creative potential of civil society, which would necessitate greater freedom of expression, more public participation, and less state intervention". As stated by Joseph Kurlantzick, "China's growth 'model' has shown impressive resilience in recent years", with an ability to rapidly respond to crises, confidence around economic success and growing soft power being used to explain it.

Hungary
While controversial among experts, some have claimed that after the election of Viktor Orbán in 2010 in Hungary has experienced democratic backsliding from its former position as a leading example of liberal democracy in Eastern Europe and become an example of an authoritarian capitalist regime. Exemplifying this claim of an autocratic transformation, Orbán has been described as severely limiting freedom of press and balances of power alongside engaging in reworking the democratic process in his favour through processes such as gerrymandering. In addition to increasing authoritarianism, Hungary has maintained its capitalist elements, being ranked 59th globally by the Fraser Institute for economic freedom in 2016, leading to the Transnational Institute using Hungary as an example of a highly authoritarian capitalist regime. The rise of authoritarian capitalism has been depicted as emerging from Orbán using a disillusionment at liberal capitalism due to slow wage growth, increasing unemployment and high debt to implement policy reform. These reforms have been described as involving both obtaining the support of businesses through low corporate tax rates alongside preventing opposition from entities such as trade unions or low income workers through the use of authoritarian measures.

Russia

Azar Gat describes Russia along with China as a prominent example of a modern authoritarian capitalist nation, describing the nation as becoming increasingly authoritarian while maintaining a predominately capitalist economic model. Aaron L. Friedberg simplifies the evolution of the Russian model in the following statement: "The Russian system has also evolved from communist totalitarianism to a form of nationalist authoritarian capitalism that appears for the moment at least to be relatively stable". Friedberg also describes the 1996 presidential election as the point where authoritarian capitalism began forming within Russia, depicting an increasingly powerful majority party backed by media controlled by oligarchies and led by Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin. From 1999 under Putin, Friedberg describes the Russian regime as solidifying its power through a re-obtaining state control of natural resources, obtaining control of media and limiting dissidence through measures such as restricting non-governmental organization operations.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is considered by Freedom House as an authoritarian country, receiving a civil liberty score of 7/100, this is due to the fact that the Saudi absolute monarchy prevents any political rights and freedom of expression and religion are extremely controlled by the government. In the Heritage Foundation's economic freedom ranking, Saudi Arabia ranks 63, ahead of China and Russia in 2021. The Saudi economy has been opening the market regularly even though it has nationalized some state-owned companies.

Singapore

Singapore is considered by agencies such as the Human Rights Watch as a highly repressive regime. They describe a lack of freedom of speech, capital punishment, detention without trial and sexual freedom as causing the country to run contrary to international human rights. Moreover, the country under the rule of Lee Kuan Yew has been described as embracing the core aspects of capitalism, with the Fraser Institute ranking it second for economic freedom in 2016, creating a state of authoritarian capitalism. However, there is contention around the continued viability of Singapore's economics success which has increased its GDP per capita from US$427.88 in 1960 to US$57,714.3 in 2017. Some economists argue that Singapore has severely restricted its ability to obtain future growth through the repression of individual freedom of expression and thought. Regardless of this, Singapore is considered as an exception in regards to its stability, with Daniel W. Drezner stating that "with the exception of Singapore, this model has never worked over the long run".

Contention
Authoritarian capitalism is a political-economic model that has faced a variety of criticism to various facets of its nature, both around the ability of capitalism to coexist effectively with authoritarianism; and more general criticisms towards authoritarian modes of government. Some experts agree that the authoritarian capitalist model is unstable and will eventually transition into that of liberal capitalism, with Daniel W. Drezner stating: "The conventional wisdom in comparative politics is that as societies get richer [...] they also start demanding more political accountability". In opposition, others argue that the increased wealth of capitalist regimes allows authoritarian regimes to more adequately utilize technology to assist in maintaining their regimes.

Criticism
Daniel W. Drezner, writing for Foreign Policy magazine, argues that when societies get richer, their citizens start demanding more political accountability and democracy. Therefore, capitalist economic policies that successfully promote economic growth will be inherently detrimental to the continuation of an authoritarian regime. Individuals will increasingly seek to reduce restrictions upon their human rights as their quality of life and access to communication resources increase, so a successful economy will inevitably lead to citizens revolting against authoritarian governments. An appropriate example of this is the Imperial State of Iran during the reign of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi which was an authoritarian state capitalist system that enjoyed incredible growth but which nonetheless led to revolution.

Yuen Yuen Ang, writing in Foreign Affairs, argues that the restrictions to freedom of expression found in authoritarian regimes are harmful to the ability of citizens to innovate and engage in entrepreneurship, leading to a reduction in the economic growth of the country. John Lee, Michael Witt and Gordon Redding claim that authoritarian capitalist regimes primarily obtain their legitimacy through their ability to deliver economic growth, and therefore this inherent restriction upon economic growth would eventually lead to the collapse of the regime.

Moreover, authoritarian capitalist regimes are viewed as having to face civil disobedience towards their authoritarian characteristics, exhibited by countries such as China experiencing 87,000 instances of mass unrest in 2005.

Defense
John Lee and Brahma Chellaney have argued that authoritarian capitalism is a potential competitor with liberal capitalism, with the recent success of authoritarian capitalist regimes such as China being used as the core of their argument. Chellaney has further stated that through using elements of capitalism, regimes may more effectively employ modern technologies to suppress dissidence towards government such as the Great Firewall used within China. Niv Horesh also argues that authoritarian capitalist model offered by China is a viable alternative to liberal capitalism, with more effective decision making processes.

In addition, Niv Horesh holds that capitalist free-market policies lead to an increase in authoritarian policies such as those pursued by Margaret Thatcher. The core of this argument lies in the view that citizens will support whichever regime provides material comforts which increasing economic inequality and automation in liberal capitalist nations undermine. Moreover, challenges to liberal capitalism from an inability to adequately cope with advances of technology have also been raised, summarised in the statement by former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd: "Democracies, like corporations, can now be hacked". Alongside these technological challenges, Michael Witt and Gordon Redding have also pointed to a seeming failure to address structural issues such as gerrymandering. Anders Corr has described the expansion of China as a compelling argument for the success of its authoritarian capitalist regime.

Aaron Friedberg of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation has argued that authoritarian capitalist nations have used an exploitation of the Western world, the reshaping of the international order and exclusion of international actors in an attempt to establish their systems of governance. He has also stated that unlike in the Cold War contemporary authoritarian powers are likely to be driven towards cooperation in their attempts to consolidate their regimes.

Impact on business
In recent years, the Ease of Doing Business scores and rankings of the authoritarian capitalist states Hungary and Poland have fluctuated around the same level, while Singapore remains at the top of the world and China has improved dramatically. China's Global Innovation Index ranking has also improved substantially, while the rankings of Hungary and Poland are fluctuating around the same level despite right-wing populist rule. This evidence suggests that authoritarian capitalism can be very business-friendly and attractive for business; in light of this evidence, it is unclear whether liberal democracies are still significantly more attractive for business than authoritarian capitalism, as many have claimed.

See also
Liberal autocracy
Illiberal democracy
Authoritarian socialism
Right-wing dictatorship

References

Further reading

 Berger, Mark T. (August 1997). "Singapore's Authoritarian Capitalism: Asian Values, Free Market Illusions, and Political Dependency by Christopher Lingle". "Book Reviews". The Journal of Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 56 (3) 853–854. . .
 Bhasin, Balbir B. (2007). "Fostering Entrepreneurship: Developing a Risktaking Culture in Singapore". New England Journal of Entrepreneurship. 10 (2): 39–50. . Retrieved 23 April 2020.
 Budhwar, Pawan S., ed. (2004). Managing Human Resources in Asia-Pacific. Psychology Press. p. 221. .
 Lingle, Christopher; Owens, Amanda J.; Rowley, Charles K., eds. (Summer 1998). "Singapore and Authoritarian Capitalism". The Locke Luminary. I (1).

Authoritarianism
Capitalism
Capitalist systems
Corruption
Economic systems
Ideologies of capitalism

Authoritarian capitalism


Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond (1679 – 10 March 1719) was a French architect and garden designer who became the chief architect of Saint Petersburg in 1716.

Career in France
He was the son of Jean Le Blond, painter in ordinary to the king, a printseller on the Pont Saint-Michel, Paris, and his wife, Jeanne d'Eu. He studied architecture with his mother's brother Jean Girard, in the service of Philippe I, duc d'Orléans. Jacques-François Blondel implied that he had derived gardening expertise from André Le Nôtre, finding that Le Blond was

one of our Architects, who among us most knew how to profit from the precepts of the great Master... It must be agreed, however, that, in imitating them, it would be suitable to be provided with a certain intelligence

Indeed, Le Blond was responsible for more than simply the engravings in Dezallier d'Argenville's seminal work on the principles of French formal garden design, La théorie et la pratique du jardinage, 1709: according to the well-informed connoisseur Pierre-Jean Mariette, chronicler of French artists, he laid out the structural "canvas" of the work and oversaw in detail its writing; the work was published anonymously, but in later editions Le Blond was credited with the text.

Named architecte du Roi, he made a set of presentation drawings, dated 1699, for the famous cascade and basin with its jet d'eau at the royal Parc de Saint-Cloud constructed several hôtels particuliers in Paris, notably the Hôtel de Clermont, Rue de Varenne, and the Hôtel de Vendôme, Rue d'Enfer (today Boulevard Saint-Michel).

As theoretician and illustrator of architecture, Le Blond produced the second (1710) and third (1720) editions of the Cours d'architecture de Vignole translated with commentary by Charles-Augustin d'Aviler, which Le Blond illustrated with his own drawings. These works introduced the distinctions between state apartments (appartements de parade) and private apartments (appartements de commodités) that would characterize French eighteenth-century planning, and he popularized the small chimneypieces that would take the place of the large ones in the Italian mode, popular in the previous century. He also provided illustrations for L'Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Denis (1706) by Michel Félibien.

Career in Russia

Le Blond did much in a short time to extend the Le Nôtre style beyond France. His cascade at Saint-Cloud may have convinced Peter the Great: in March 1716, Le Blond accepted the tsar's invitation to work at Saint Petersburg, where he arrived in August. An unprecedented title of "Architect-General" was bestowed upon him, together with a pension of some 5,000 roubles. His position was superior to that of all other architects and builders working in St. Petersburg.

Within a short span of his stay there, Le Blond established the first nurseries along the banks of the Neva and about twenty workshops, specializing in carving, sculpture, stucco work, tapestries, and so forth. He also succeeded in introducing a program of illuminating the main streets with oil lanterns, designed by himself. The architect died suddenly of smallpox in 1719. The tsar himself was present at the funeral, but Le Blond's grave at the St. Sampson cemetery has not survived.

Among his Russian projects, probably the best known is an idealistic plan which envisioned Vasilievsky Island as the focus of the new city. Le Blond's plan would have "enclosed the entire city within a perfectly elliptical wall of fortifications", with a network of streets at right angles and squares like the royal squares of France, but the project was not approved. Nor were his projects for the parterres of the Summer Garden and a residence for the tsar at Strelna (1717). Three centuries passed before Le Blond's design for a formal garden at Strelna was eventually implemented during the reconstruction of the Constantine Palace in 2003.

Le Blond's main building work in St. Petersburg was a palace of Count Apraksin. Although foreign visitors admitted that "even a king would have been jealous of such a noble dwelling," the palace was eventually demolished to make room for the Winter Palace, which now occupies the site. Working with Friedrich Braunstein and Niccolo Michetti, the French architect also made many structural changes to the first palace and cascades of Peterhof (1717) for which none of his drawings survive, but which are known through copies made by J.E. Randahl, 1739.

Principal works of architecture
 Hôtel de Vendôme  (Hôtel de Chaulnes from 1733 to 1758), Rue d'Enfer, 1706–1707, for Antoine de La Porte, canon of Notre-Dame, backing onto the Jardin du Luxembourg (today housing the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris); work also for Marie Anne de Bourbon.
 Reconstruction of the Hôtel de Duras, rue Saint-Augustin, 1708, for Louise-Madeleine de La Marck, widow of Henri de Durfort, duc de Duras.
 Hôtel de Clermont, 69 rue de Varenne, 1713, for Jeanne Thérèse Pélagie d'Albert de Luynes, marquise de Saissac.
 House at Meudon, 1714, for Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, comtesse de Verrue.
 Archbishop's Palace, Auch.
 Jardins du Canet, near Narbonne.
 Maison Regnault at Châtillon-sous-Bagneux.
 Apraksin Palace, Saint Petersburg, 1717–1718.
 Strelna and Peterhof parks, 1717–1718.

Notes

References
 Olga Medvedkova, Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, architecte 1679–1719 – De Paris à Saint-Pétersbourg, – 359 s., Paris, Alain Baudry & Cie, 2007,
 Olga Medvedkova, "Au-dessus de Saint-Pétersbourg, dialogue au royaume des morts entre le tsar Pierre le Grand et son architecte Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond", pièce en deux tableaux, Paris, TriArtis Editions, 2013. ()
 Michel Gallet, 1995. Les architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle, (Paris, Éditions Mengès)
Runar Strandberg, "The French formal garden after Le Nostre", in The French Formal Garden, Elizabeth B. MacDougall and F. Hamilton Hazlehurst, editors, 1974, (Dumbarton Oaks)

Further reading
 Olga Medvedkova, "Les architectes et les artistes français à Saint-Pétersbourg : présences et indirectes", and "Le plan général de Saint-Pétersbourg de Le Blond : vision utopique ou projet moderne?", in Trois cents ans de présence française à Saint-Pétersbourg, Les Français à Saint-Pétersbourg exhibition catalogue, Saint Petersburg 2003.
 Калязина Н.В., Калязин Е.А. Жан Леблон // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XVIII век. SPb, 1997. Pages 67–111.

18th-century French architects
French Baroque garden designers
French landscape architects
18th century in Saint Petersburg
1679 births
1719 deaths
Architects from Paris
Deaths from smallpox
Infectious disease deaths in Russia
Russian Baroque architects

Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond


Rudolf Jansen (born January 19, 1940, in Arnhem) is a Dutch pianist, who studied piano, organ and harpsichord simultaneously at the Conservatoire of Amsterdam. His teachers were Nelly Wagenaar, his father Simon C. Jansen, Felix de Nobel and Gustav Leonhardt. His studies were crowned by two Prix d'Excellence, one for piano and one for organ.

In 1965 he was awarded the Toonkunst Jubileumprijs, in 1966 the "Zilveren Vriendenkrans" by the Friends of the Concertgebouw. He won the Edison Award twice: in 1973 with Han de Vries (oboe), and 1987 with Dorothy Dorow (soprano).

As well as being a solo performer, Rudolf Jansen has gradually come to specialize in Lied accompaniment and chamber music. He travels the world over with concert tours in which he accompanies highly reputed artists such as Elly Ameling, Robert Holl, Hanneke Kaasschieter, Han de Vries, Peter Schreier, Andreas Schmidt, Olaf Bär, Tom Krause, Brigitte Fassbänder, Barbara Bonney, Hans Peter Blochwitz, Edith Wiens, Jean-Pierre Rampal and Abbie de Quant.

He teaches at the Sweelinck Conservatoire and regularly gives masterclasses for song/piano duos in the Netherlands and abroad.

References
 Rudolf Jansen

1940 births
Living people
Dutch classical pianists
Musicians from Arnhem
21st-century classical pianists

Rudolf Jansen


Jon (John) Anketell Brewer Swain (born 1948) is a British journalist and writer.

Swain's book River of Time: A Memoir of Vietnam  chronicles his experiences from 1970 to 1975 during the war in Indochina, including the fall of Cambodia.

Early life
Swain was born in London in 1948 and is of English, Scots, Irish, French, and Spanish descent. After an unhappy education at the independent Blundell's School, from which he was expelled, he ran away to join the French Foreign Legion.

Career
For many years, Swain was The Sunday Times'  correspondent in Paris. During this time he had many famous scoops, including uncovering the financial support extended by Libya's Colonel Gaddafi to Arthur Scargill's National Union of Mineworkers.

He also reported for the newspaper from East Timor in 1999, at the time of its vote for independence. This period saw widespread violence by Indonesian-backed militias and by the Indonesian military itself, as Swain experienced first-hand. On the road to Becora, just east of Dili, together with American photographer Chip Hires and their Timorese driver and interpreter, Swain encountered, and was detained by, Indonesian soldiers of Battalion 745. In the same district, only a couple of hours later, these same soldiers would kill Dutch-born Financial Times journalist Sander Thoenes and attempt to kill his driver. The soldiers immediately abducted Swain's interpreter, rifle-butted the driver and gouged out an eye, and were looking for a discreet location to kill the two journalists and the driver. These three decided to escape, under fire, and hid in the bush. They then called The Sunday Times office in London on a mobile phone and The Times alerted the Australian forces in nearby Dili. Swain and Hires were rescued by helicopter. They located driver Sancho Ramos soon afterwards and were able to persuade the Australians to fly him to Darwin for immediate medical attention. The interpreter, Anacleto da Silva, has never been seen since. Swain has recounted the incident in print, and in a television interview for fellow journalist Step Vaessen, who was reporting from central Dili with her cameraman spouse, André.

French journalist Denis Robert, who unveiled the "Clearstream affair", wrote in 2006 in his book Clearstream, l'enquête that he believes Jon Swain was working in 2005 for Hakluyt & Company Limited, a private intelligence firm based in London with close links to MI6.

Swain was portrayed by Julian Sands in the film The Killing Fields (1984).

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
Journalists from London
British male journalists
People educated at Blundell's School
Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion

Jon Swain


Reece Daniel Thompson (born November 22, 1988) is a Canadian actor and voice actor. Thompson started his acting career as a child actor by voice acting in several animated television series and minor roles on television shows before transitioning to movies. In 1997 he had the minor role of Irish Little Boy playing opposite Jenette Goldstein in the academy award-winning movie Titanic. His first major role came in the 2007 movie Rocket Science. Thompson appeared in 2009's Assassination of a High School President with Mischa Barton and Bruce Willis, and in Afterwards. Also in 2012, he appeared as Craig in The Perks of Being a Wallflower.

Early life
Thompson grew up in White Rock, British Columbia, Canada, a small town near Vancouver. His mother ran a film society that brought independent movies to town. Thompson had always expressed an interest in becoming an actor to his parents; and at a young age, Thompson, along with the rest of his family, began taking background roles in productions in Vancouver.

After the sixth grade, Thompson decided that he didn't want to continue going to school and convinced his mother to homeschool him. Soon after Thompson began attending an acting school. Thompson signed with an agent he was introduced to through the school and began attending auditions.

Personal life
Thompson currently lives part-time in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The other half of his time is spent living in Los Angeles, California in the United States. He is a co-founder of the online comedy group "Jitterbug Productions".

References

Other websites

1988 births
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Actors from British Columbia
Living people

Reece Thompson


Ronggeng () is a type of Javanese dance in which couples exchange poetic verses as they dance to the music of a rebab or violin and a gong. Ronggeng originated from Java in Indonesia.

Ronggeng probably has existed in Java since ancient time, the bas reliefs in Karmawibhanga section on eighth century Borobudur displays the scene of travelling entertainment troupe with musicians and female dancers. In Java, a traditional ronggeng performance features a traveling dance troupe that travels from village to village. The dance troop consists of one or several professional female dancers, accompanied by a group of musicians playing musical instruments: rebab and gong. The term "ronggeng" also applied for this female dancers. During a ronggeng performance, the female professional dancers are expected to invite some male audiences or clients to dance with them as a couple with the exchange of some tips money for the female dancer, given during or after the dance. The couple dances intimately and the female dancer might perform some movements that might be considered too erotic by standard of modesty in Javanese court etiquette. In the past, the erotic and sexual nuance of the dance gave ronggeng a shady reputation as prostitution disguised in the art of dance.

Ronggeng is the main theme of Ahmad Tohari's novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, which tells the story of a dancer girl who is also a prostitute, in a remote village in Central Java. Ronggeng is closely related to Sundanese Jaipongan dance.

See also

 Gamelan
 Javanese culture
 Dance in Indonesia

References

Dances of Indonesia
Dances of Java
Malay dances
Malay culture

Ronggeng


Mirza Aziz Akbar Baig (Urdu: مرزا عزيز اكبر بیگ) was born on 6 November 1938 in Multan, Pakistan. He is a lawyer of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
He is the cousin of Late Member of Provincial Assembly Khalil Ullah Labar, Malik from PPP in 1988 and father in law of two times UC Chairman and MPA candidate Shakeel Hussain Labar from PP-198 Multan.

Education

He graduated in 1960 from Government Emerson College Multan. In 1963, he got his law degree from Punjab University Law College, Lahore.

Professional career

Baig started practice as a pleader in December at Multan under the pupilage of civil lawyer, Malik Faiz Rasool Labar, Advocate. In January 1966, he was enrolled as Advocate in the High Court and later, Advocate in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. From 1972 until 1988, he was a part-time lecturer of University Gillani Law College, Multan, and from 1974 to 1999, he was senior legal adviser of the Municipal Corporation Multan. He was the first principal of the Multan Law College, and at present he is Dean of the Multan Law College.

Political career

In 1981, Baig was elected general secretary of the High Court Bar Association Multan. From 1984 until 1988, he was elected as member of the Punjab Bar Council. In 1988, he was elected President of the District Bar Association Multan. In 1992, he was elected unopposed as President of the High Court Bar Association Multan.

Baig was elected as member Pakistan Bar Council for a period of five years from 2006 to 2010. On 3 May 2007, he was elected as Vice-Chairman of the Pakistan Bar Council and ex-officio Chairman of the National Action Committee constituted for the lawyers movement. Since 2008, Baig has served as Chairman of the Legal Education Committee of the Pakistan Bar Council. He is a member of the Board of Governors of the Public Library of Langay Khan Bagh, which was established in 1886. In 1989, the District Bar Association Multan established a new block of lawyers chambers in recognition of his services towards the lawyers community in the District Courts, Multan, namely "Aziz Block".

Role in lawyers movement

The Pakistan Bar Council is the National Bar Association for Pakistan and the Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan, but is subordinate to the Pakistan Bar Council. On 9 March 2007, Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry was put under house arrest by President Pervaiz Musharraf. The Pakistan Bar Council started the lawyers movement from 10 March 2007. Baig led the Bar Association from March 2007 until May 2008 as Vice-Chairman of the Pakistan Bar Council. He participated in all lawyers' conventions throughout Pakistan. In his speech to the lawyers' convention in the Supreme Court Auditorium, he said that "the lawyers of Pakistan do not accept General Pervaiz Musharraf as President of Pakistan".

On 12 May 2007 he accompanied Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudary, Chief Justice of Pakistan to Karachi, but the lawyers and Chief Justice were detained at Karachi Airport and deported from Karachi that evening. He was beaten by police in the procession he led to the doorstep of the Election Commissioner of Pakistan when General Pervaiz Musharraf was nominated as candidate for President of Pakistan. During his tenure as Vice-Chairman of the Pakistan Bar Council, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mr. Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhary, was restored to his office as Chief Justice of Pakistan on 20 July 2007. That day, he addressed a press conference and thanked God for the restoration of the Chief Justice of Pakistan and also pledged that the lawyers will struggle for the restoration of democracy. On Saturday, 3 November 2007, General Pervaiz Musharraf imposed a state of emergency and 60 judges were sacked.

Mirza Aziz Akber Baig played an important role in the lawyers movement again. At Lahore in a press conference, he said that "All judges who took the Oath under PCO (Provisional Constitution Order) have committed contempt of the order passed on 3 November 2007 passed by 7 members of the Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan." He protested the detention of the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhary, his family members and the other 10 Supreme Court judges. The detention was unconstitutional. He demanded the lifting of restrictions on media and the withdrawing of PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) ordinance. Lawyers under his supervision protested blocking transmission of Geo, Ary and Aaj TV channels. He contested that blocking of transmission of the TV channels violates fundamental rights, specifically freedom of expression which violates the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The law does not allow the government to unilaterally ban transmission of broadcast media, depriving citizens of their rights of access to information. Participants at the convention inside and outside Karachi Hall of the Lahore High Court Bar Association kept the atmosphere warm by chanting slogans against President Pervaiz Musharraf and in favour of the deposed judges and the Bar leaders. As a result of the lawyers' movement for rule of law, the deposed judges and independence of judiciary have been reinstated, and the democracy the judges have been restored.

References

http://www.hcbamultan.com
http://pakistan.ahrchk.net/chiefjustice/index.php?ch_id=3
http://www.google.com.pk/search?hl=en&q=mirza+aziz+akbar+baig&meta=

Pakistani lawyers
1938 births
Living people
People from Multan
Punjab University Law College alumni
Government Emerson College alumni
Punjabi people
Vice Chairmen of the Pakistan Bar Council

Mirza Aziz Akbar Baig