Bonnie Schneider is a national television meteorologist and the author of Extreme Weather, published by Palgrave Macmillan. She appears on The Weather Channel. She previously worked for Headline News, and Bloomberg Television.

A native of Jericho, New York, Schneider earned a bachelor's degree in journalism from Boston University. She pursued her meteorological studies at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Hunter College in Manhattan. She started her career as a weekend meteorologist at KPLC-TV in Lake Charles, Louisiana.

Bonnie covered Hurricane Sandy for Bloomberg Television from their world headquarters in New York City While reporting on Hurricane Sandy for Bloomberg, Schneider was asked to participate on a panel for a live chat for Huffington Post Live and provide her analysis on the storm in an interview with Former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee on his nationally syndicated radio show on Cumulus Media Networks.

Schneider is the co-executive producer and Extreme Weather expert for a television special airing on the DIY Network, called Last House Standing. The show, which was shot on location in California, Alabama and Florida, provides home-owners tips on how to storm-proof against earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes.

Schneider's debut on CNN was on June 11, 2005, which was just in time to cover the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which included in-studio analysis of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, she contributed to CNN International's coverage of Cyclone Nargis and the 2008 earthquake in China. During HLN's coverage of Hurricane Irene in August 2011.

Bonnie contributed news reports for Atlanta's NBC affiliate, WXIA throughout the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Prior to CNN, Bloomberg TV, and WXIA, Schneider had been the weekend meteorologist and special assignment reporter for "The Ten O'Clock News" on WLVI-TV in Boston. While in Boston, she also provided entertainment and lifestyle reporting as a special assignment reporter three days a week. Prior to WLVI, she was the weekend meteorologist at WFOR-TV in Miami. She has held several meteorology and reporting positions, including News 12 Long Island, a 24-hour cable news television network, and WXII-TV, the NBC affiliate in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She also worked for the CBS network in New York City as a frequent fill-in meteorologist on The Saturday Early Show.

Schneider was awarded the American Meteorological Society's seal of approval for broadcast meteorologists who achieve the highest standard of excellence in both technical weather knowledge and communication skills. She has also had the opportunity to interview a number of famous celebrities. While in New York at News 12, she earned the Associated Press Award for "Best Interview" for her half-hour special, "A Conversation with Billy Joel." She said she suffered from nerves just prior to the interview, but her uneasiness subsided after the legendary singer flashed her a smile and admitted that he watched her station's newscasts frequently and always kept an eye out for her "marine forecasts."

Bonnie was inducted into the Jericho High School Hall of Fame on April 16, 2015.

References

External links
Bonnie Schneider at KPLC-TV
Transcript of Bonnie Schneider debut on CNN
Bonnie Schneider's Website Promoting Book, "Extreme Weather"

Boston University College of Communication alumni
Weather presenters
Living people
Stony Brook University alumni
Hunter College alumni
People from Jericho, New York
Year of birth missing (living people)

Bonnie Schneider


The Tumen River one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into the Sea of Japan. The river also makes up the Russia-North Korea border. The name comes from the Mongolian word tümen, which means "ten thousand".

Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. Some have even escaped into Russia. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.

Rivers of China
Rivers of Russia
Geography of North Korea

Tumen River


Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula Al2(SO4)3. It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.

The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found for example in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3·16H2O and octadecahydrate Al2(SO4)3·18H2O are the most common. The heptadecahydrate, whose formula can be written as [Al(H2O)6]2(SO4)3·5H2O, occurs naturally as the mineral alunogen.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes called alum or papermaker's alum in certain industries. However, the name "alum" is more commonly and properly used for any double sulfate salt with the generic formula , where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.

Production

In the laboratory
Aluminium sulfate may be made by adding aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, to sulfuric acid, H2SO4:
2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O
or by heating aluminium metal in a sulfuric acid solution:
 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2↑

From alum schists
The alum schists employed in the manufacture of aluminium sulfate are mixtures of iron pyrite, aluminium silicate and various bituminous substances, and are found in upper Bavaria, Bohemia, Belgium, and Scotland. These are either roasted or exposed to the weathering action of the air. In the roasting process, sulfuric acid is formed and acts on the clay to form aluminium sulfate, a similar condition of affairs being produced during weathering. The mass is now systematically extracted with water, and a solution of aluminium sulfate of specific gravity 1.16 is prepared. This solution is allowed to stand for some time (in order that any calcium sulfate and basic iron(III) sulfate may separate), and is then evaporated until iron(II) sulfate crystallizes on cooling; it is then drawn off and evaporated until it attains a specific gravity of 1.40. It is now allowed to stand for some time, and decanted from any sediment.

From clays or bauxite
In the preparation of aluminium sulfate from clays or from bauxite, the material is gently calcined, then mixed with sulfuric acid and water and heated gradually to boiling; if concentrated acid is used no external heat is generally required as the formation of aluminium sulfate is exothermic. It is allowed to stand for some time, and the clear solution is drawn off.

From cryolite
When cryolite is used as the ore, it is mixed with calcium carbonate and heated. By this means, sodium aluminate is formed; it is then extracted with water and precipitated either by sodium bicarbonate or by passing a current of carbon dioxide through the solution. The precipitate is then dissolved in sulfuric acid.

Uses

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used in the human food industry as a firming agent, where it takes on E number E520, and in animal feed as a bactericide.  In the United States, the FDA lists it as "generally recognized as safe" with no limit on concentration.  Aluminium sulfate may be used as a deodorant, an astringent, or as a styptic for superficial shaving wounds. Aluminium sulfate is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles.

It is a common vaccine adjuvant and works  "by facilitating the slow release of antigen from the vaccine depot formed at the site of inoculation."

Aluminium sulfate is used in water purification and for chemical phosphorus removal from wastewater. It causes suspended impurities to coagulate into larger particles and then settle to the bottom of the container (or be filtered out) more easily. This process is called coagulation or flocculation. Research suggests that in Australia, aluminium sulfate used in this way in drinking water treatment is the primary source of hydrogen sulfide gas in sanitary sewer systems. An improper and excess application incident in 1988 polluted the water supply of Camelford in Cornwall.

Aluminium sulfate has been used as a method of eutrophication remediation for shallow lakes. It works by reducing the phosphorus load in the lakes.

When dissolved in a large amount of neutral or slightly alkaline water, aluminium sulfate produces a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. In dyeing and printing cloth, the gelatinous precipitate helps the dye adhere to the clothing fibers by rendering the pigment insoluble.

Aluminium sulfate is sometimes used to reduce the pH of garden soil, as it hydrolyzes to form the aluminium hydroxide precipitate and a dilute sulfuric acid solution. An example of what changing the pH level of soil can do to plants is visible when looking at Hydrangea macrophylla. The gardener can add aluminium sulfate to the soil to reduce the pH which in turn will result in the flowers of the Hydrangea turning a different color (blue). The aluminium is what makes the flowers blue; at a higher pH, the aluminium is not available to the plant.

In the construction industry, it is used as waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Another use is a foaming agent in fire fighting foam.

It can also be very effective as a molluscicide, killing spanish slugs.

Mordants aluminium triacetate and aluminium sulfacetate can be prepared from aluminium sulfate, the product formed being determined by the amount of lead(II) acetate used:

 + 3  → 2  + 3

 + 2  →  + 2

Chemical reactions
The compound decomposes to γ-alumina and sulfur trioxide when heated between 580 and 900 °C. It combines with water forming hydrated salts of various compositions.

Aluminium sulfate reacts with sodium bicarbonate to which foam stabilizer has been added,  producing carbon dioxide for fire-extinguishing foams:

 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 NaHCO3 → 3 Na2SO4 + 2 Al(OH)3 + 6 CO2

The carbon dioxide is trapped by the foam stabilizer and creates a thick foam which will float on top of hydrocarbon fuels and seal off access to atmospheric oxygen, smothering the fire. Chemical foam was unsuitable for use on polar solvents such as alcohol, as the fuel would mix with and break down the foam blanket. The carbon dioxide generated also served to propel the foam out of the container, be it a portable fire extinguisher or fixed installation using hoselines. Chemical foam is considered obsolete in the United States and has been replaced by synthetic mechanical foams, such as AFFF which have a longer shelf life, are more effective, and more versatile, although some countries such as Japan and India continue to use it.

References

Footnotes

Notations

External links
 International Chemical Safety Card 1191
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 WHO Food Additive Series No. 12
 Aluminum and health
 Government of Canada Fact Sheets and Frequently Asked Questions:  Aluminum Salts

Aluminium compounds
Sulfates
Molluscicides
Water treatment
Adjuvants
E-number additives

Aluminium sulfate


Black Mass is a 2015 American crime movie directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth. It is based on the 2001 book Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob by Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill.

The movie stars Johnny Depp, Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch, Kevin Bacon, Jesse Plemons, Peter Sarsgaard, Rory Cochrane, Adam Scott, Dakota Johnson, and Corey Stoll.

The movie is about the criminal career of infamous Irish-American mobster Whitey Bulger (Depp). The movie was released to positive reviews on September 18, 2015.

2015 crime movies
American crime movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Boston
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s

Black Mass (movie)


The year 1799 in architecture involved some significant events.

Buildings and structures

Buildings

 May 9 – St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery in New York City, built by John McComb, Jr., is consecrated.
 Gracie Mansion in New York City, designed by John McComb, Jr., is built.
 The Chester Shot Tower, a grade-II*-listed shot tower, is built in the Boughton district of Chester, England.
 In New Orleans, The Cabildo (first phase) is completed (begun in 1795).
 Reconstruction of Town Hall, Vilnius, by Laurynas Gucevičius is completed.
 Broadway Tower, Worcestershire, England, designed by James Wyatt, is completed.
 Grand Pump Room, Bath, England, designed by Thomas Baldwin and John Palmer, is completed
 Hjo Church in Sweden is completed.

Births
 Approximate date – William Thomas, English-born architect working in Canada (died 1860)

Deaths
 February 6 – Étienne-Louis Boullée, French neoclassical architect (born 1728)
 April 17 – Richard Jupp, English architect (born 1728)
 June 11 – Joaquín Toesca, Italian-born architect working in Chile (born 1745)
 August 31 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French neoclassical architect (born 1720)

References

Architecture
Years in architecture
18th-century architecture

1799 in architecture


Harold Grad (January 23, 1923 in New York City – November 17, 1986) was an American applied mathematician. His work specialized in the application of statistical mechanics to plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics.

Work
In statistical mechanics he had developed in his thesis new methods for the solution of the Boltzmann equation. He derived the Boltzmann equation from Liouville equation using BBGKY hierarchy under certain limits, known as Boltzmann–Grad limit. Harold Grad was the founder of the Magneto-fluid Dynamics Division of the Courant Institute and served as its head until shortly before his death  From 1964 to 1967 and 1974 to 1977 he was a member of the Advisory Committee for Fusion Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Grad was a critic and supporter of many early fusion schemes including picket fences, magnetic mirrors and Biconic cusps.

Recognition
In 1970, Grad became a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice in 1970 and in Stockholm in 1962.

In 1981, Grad was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1982, he was awarded the Eringen Medal from the Society of Engineering Science, and in 1986, he received the James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics from the American Physical Society.

The Courant Institute offers the Harold Grad Memorial Prize to outstanding performance and promise as a graduate student.

Life
Dr. Grad received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Cooper Union in 1943 and his masters at New York University in 1945.  Grad did his doctoral work under Richard Courant and graduated in 1948.  His thesis was on the approximation of the Boltzmann Equation by torque.  He was then at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University from 1948 as associate professor and from 1957 until his death. Dr. Grad conducted research in magnetohydrodynamics, the mathematical formulation of plasma physics and applications of plasma physics to nuclear fusion.  He led the magnetohydrodynamics department from 1956 until 1980.

References

20th-century American mathematicians
Scientists from New York City
New York University alumni
1923 births
1986 deaths
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
Mathematicians from New York (state)
Cooper Union alumni

Harold Grad


A separation process is a method used in science to separate two substances, that once formed a mixture. The type of separation process used depend on the mixture's properties and components. Here are examples of separation techniques: distilliation, evaporation, chromatography, filtration, fractional distillation and magnetism. The end product of the separation process is one or more pure compounds.

Physics
Chemical processes

Separation process


Anju Munnum Tum Sorgintso

As you are an angel of heaven

Type: Mando

Source: Pereira, José/ Martins, Micael.

Lyrics and Music: Arnaldo de Menezes (1863-1917)

Date: Composed about 1895

Musical form: Ternary

Literary form: Monologue

Translated by José Pereira

Anju munnum tum sorgintso,

As you are an angel of heaven,

Uzvarh zalo noketrantso,

A glow of stars has dawned,

Amtso môgu ekttaim kortso,

Let us unite our love,

Cazrats' sacramentu geutso.

Let us receive the marriage sacrament.

Guttu sangylol' muzo tuka,

I confessed my devotion secretly to you,

Respondero kely'm nam maka.

Why did you not answer me?

Ya kallyzach' muja suka,

O my heart's happiness,

Tum sanddun mak' vosnaka.

Do not abondon me.

Tuzo môgu munnum maka,

That your love is really for me,

Soglea sonsra' porgottola.

Everyone knows.

Tuj' vinny'm konnom nam rê maka,

There is no one besides you,

Sonsram' foxal kortol' maka.

Who can make me happy in this world.

Dolleanch' mauli munnum muji,

You are the delight of my eyes,

Dimby' gal'n abraso keli,

So I knelt down and embraced you.

Gonnim' porim ubun geli,

But you soared away like an eagle,

Dukant galnum atmom-kurhi.

Steeping my soul and body in sorrow.

Nuzo nuzo rê mujan,

I cannot, oh, I cannot,

Tuje vinnem sonsar tanddum' nuzo.

Face life (lit. cross the world) without you.

Polleiat

Goemche Mandde

Sondorbh

Konknni
Mandde
Romi panam

Anju Munnum Tum Sorgintso - Mando


passwd is a command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and most Unix-like operating systems used to change a user's password. The password entered by the user is run through a key derivation function to create a hashed version of the new password, which is saved. Only the hashed version is stored; the entered password is not saved for security reasons.

When the user logs on, the password entered by the user during the log on process is run through the same key derivation function and the resulting hashed version is compared with the saved version. If the hashes are identical, the entered password is considered to be correct, and the user is authenticated. In theory, it is possible for two different passwords to produce the same hash. However, cryptographic hash functions are designed in such a way that finding any password that produces the same hash is very difficult and practically infeasible, so if the produced hash matches the stored one, the user can be authenticated.

The passwd command may be used to change passwords for local accounts, and on most systems, can also be used to change passwords managed in a distributed authentication mechanism such as NIS, Kerberos, or LDAP.

Password file
The /etc/passwd file is a text-based database of information about users that may log into the system or other operating system user identities that own running processes.

In many operating systems this file is just one of many possible back-ends for the more general passwd name service.

The file's name originates from one of its initial functions as it contained the data used to verify passwords of user accounts.  However, on modern Unix systems the security-sensitive password information is instead often stored in a different file using shadow passwords, or other database implementations.

The /etc/passwd file typically has file system permissions that allow it to be readable by all users of the system (world-readable), although it may only be modified by the superuser or by using a few special purpose privileged commands.

The /etc/passwd file is a text file with one record per line, each describing a user account.
Each record consists of seven fields separated by colons. The ordering of the records within the file is generally unimportant.

An example record may be:

The fields, in order from left to right, are:
 : User name: the string a user would type in when logging into the operating system: the logname.  Must be unique across users listed in the file.
 : Information used to validate a user's password. The format is the same as that of the analogous field in the shadow password file, with the additional convention that setting it to "x" means the actual password is found in the shadow file, a common occurrence on modern systems.
 : user identifier number, used by the operating system for internal purposes.  It must be unique as it identifies users uniquely.
 : group identifier number, which identifies the primary group of the user; all files that are created by this user may initially be accessible to this group.
 : Gecos field, commentary that describes the person or account. Typically, this is a set of comma-separated values including the user's full name and contact details.
 : Path to the user's home directory.
 : Program that is started every time the user logs into the system. For an interactive user, this is usually one of the system's command line interpreters (shells).

Shadow file
/etc/shadow is used to increase the security level of passwords by restricting all but highly privileged users' access to hashed password data. Typically, that data is kept in files owned by and accessible only by the super user.

Systems administrators can reduce the likelihood of brute-force attacks by making the list of hashed passwords unreadable by unprivileged users. The obvious way to do this is to make the passwd database itself readable only by the root user. However, this would restrict access to other data in the file such as username-to-userid mappings, which would break many existing utilities and provisions. One solution is a "shadow" password file to hold the password hashes separate from the other data in the world-readable passwd file. For local files, this is usually /etc/shadow on Linux and Unix systems, or /etc/master.passwd on BSD systems; each is readable only by root. (Root access to the data is considered acceptable since on systems with the traditional "all-powerful root" security model, the root user would be able to obtain the information in other ways in any case). Virtually all recent Unix-like operating systems use shadowed passwords.

The shadow password file does not entirely solve the problem of attacker access to hashed passwords, as some network authentication schemes operate by transmitting the hashed password over the network (sometimes in cleartext, e.g., Telnet), making it vulnerable to interception.  Copies of system data, such as system backups written to tape or optical media, can also become a means for illicitly obtaining hashed passwords. In addition, the functions used by legitimate password-checking programs need to be written in such a way that malicious programs cannot make large numbers of authentication checks at high rates of speed.

Regardless of whether password shadowing is in effect on a given system, the passwd file is readable by all users so that various system utilities (e.g., grep) can work (e.g., to ensure that user names existing on the system can be found inside the file), while only the root user can write to it. Without password shadowing, this means that an attacker with unprivileged access to the system can obtain the hashed form of every user's password. Those values can be used to mount a brute force attack offline, testing possible passwords against the hashed passwords relatively quickly without alerting system security arrangements designed to detect an abnormal number of failed login attempts. Especially when the hash is not salted it is also possible to look up these hashed passwords in rainbow tables, databases specially made for giving back a password for a unique hash.

With a shadowed password scheme in use, the /etc/passwd file typically shows a character such as '*', or 'x' in the password field for each user instead of the hashed password, and /etc/shadow usually contains the following user information:
 User login name
 salt and hashed password OR a status exception value e.g.:
 $id$salt$hashed, the printable form of a password hash as produced by crypt (C), where $id is the algorithm used. Other Unix-like systems may have different values, like NetBSD. Key stretching is used to increase password cracking difficulty, using by default 1000 rounds of modified MD5, 64 rounds of Blowfish, 5000 rounds of SHA-256 or SHA-512. The number of rounds may be varied for Blowfish, or for SHA-256 and SHA-512 by using $A$rounds=X$, where "A" and "X" are the algorithm IDs and the number of rounds.  Common id values include:
$1$ – MD5
$2$, $2a$, $2b$ – bcrypt
$5$ – SHA-256
$6$ – SHA-512
$y$ – yescrypt
 Empty string – No password, the account has no password (reported by passwd on Solaris with "NP").
 "!", "*" – the account is password locked, user will be unable to log in via password authentication but other methods (e.g. ssh key, logging in as root) may be still allowed.
 "*LK*" – the account itself is locked, user will be unable to log in.
 "*NP*", "!!" – the password has never been set
 Days since epoch of last password change
 Days until change allowed
 Days before change required
 Days warning for expiration
 Days after no logins before account is locked
 Days since epoch when account expires
 Reserved and unused

The format of the shadow file is simple, and basically identical to that of the password file, to wit, one line per user, ordered fields on each line, and fields separated by colons. Many systems require the order of user lines in the shadow file be identical to the order of the corresponding users in the password file.

History

Prior to password shadowing, a Unix user's hashed password was stored in the second field of their record in the /etc/passwd file (within the seven-field format as outlined above).

Password shadowing first appeared in Unix systems with the development of SunOS in the mid-1980s, System V Release 3.2 in 1988 and BSD4.3 Reno in 1990.  But, vendors who had performed ports from earlier UNIX releases did not always include the new password shadowing features in their releases, leaving users of those systems exposed to password file attacks.

System administrators may also arrange for the storage of passwords in distributed databases such as NIS and LDAP, rather than in files on each connected system.  In the case of NIS, the shadow password mechanism is often still used on the NIS servers; in other distributed mechanisms the problem of access to the various user authentication components is handled by the security mechanisms of the underlying data repository.

In 1987, the author of the original Shadow Password Suite, Julie Haugh, experienced a computer break-in and wrote the initial release of the Shadow Suite containing the login, passwd and su commands. The original release, written for the SCO Xenix operating system, quickly got ported to other platforms.  The Shadow Suite was ported to Linux in 1992 one year after the original announcement of the Linux project, and was included in many early distributions, and continues to be included in many current Linux distributions.

In the past, it was necessary to have different commands to change passwords in different authentication schemes.  For example, the command to change a NIS password was yppasswd.  This required users to be aware of the different methods to change passwords for different systems, and also resulted in wasteful duplication of code in the various programs that performed the same functions with different back ends.  In most implementations, there is now a single passwd command, and the control of where the password is actually changed is handled transparently to the user via pluggable authentication modules (PAMs). For example, the type of hash used is dictated by the configuration of the pam_unix.so module. By default, the MD5 hash has been used, while current modules are also capable of stronger hashes such as blowfish, SHA256 and SHA512.

See also
 chsh
 Crypt (C) (the library function) and Crypt (Unix) (the utility)
 getent
 Security Account Manager (the Microsoft Windows equivalent of the password file)
 Unix security
 vipw

References

External links
 Manual page from Unix First Edition describing /etc/passwd

 authconfig, a command-line tool for controlling the use of shadow passwords

Configuration files
Password authentication
Security databases
Unix authentication-related software
Unix user management and support-related utilities
Plan 9 commands
Inferno (operating system) commands

Passwd


A table (landform) is a high rock structure with a flat top. There are many different terms for this landform feature.

The tuya is a structure formed by a subglacial (under ice) volcano. Lava erupts underneath an overlying glacier or ice sheet. It melts through to the surface and pools, producing the flat plateau on top with near-vertical walls along the ice-contact margin as the lava cools and hardens.

A similar landform is the tepui, which has a rather different origin. A body of hard rock resists erosion. It was originally inside a body of softer rock such as limestone, which got eroded away to form a plain. The more resistant rock is left behind as an isolated mountain. The term is used for the table-top mountains of South America. Auyán-tepui in the Guiana Highlands, Venezuela is the source of the Angel Falls, the tallest waterfall in the world. It is 19 times higher than Niagara Falls.

Tuya
Tepui
Mesa
Potrero
Butte
Plateau
Terrace
Table
Table hill
Table-topped hill
Table mountain
Tableland

Table Mountain in South Africa is the best-known example of a table landform.

References

Landforms

Table (landform)


Osmium is a chemical element. It is element number 76 on the periodic table. Its symbol is Os.

There is not much osmium on earth. There is actually such a small amount that osmium is very expensive.

Osmium is a metal and it does not react very much, and such a metal is known as a "noble metal".

Osmium is the densest (heaviest for the same amount) element on the periodic table.

It was discovered in 1804 by Smithson Tennant in London, England. He found it together with Iridium in a bit of Platinum, which he had dissolved in Aqua regia.

Characteristics
Osmium has a blue-grey hue and is the densest stable element; it is about twice as dense as lead and slightly denser than iridium. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that stays shiny even at high temperatures. It has a very low squeezability. Accordingly, its size module is extremely high, reported between 395 and 462 GPa, which is comparable to that of diamond (443 GPa). The hardness of osmium is moderately high at 4 GPa.  Because of its hardness, brittleness, low vapour pressure, and very high melting point, solid osmium is difficult to machine, form, or work.

Transition metals

Osmium


The Associated Press (also called the AP and AP Wire) is an American non-profit news media company. It is based in New York City. The AP is a non-profit cooperative owned by the newspapers, radio and Television stations who share its news stories. Most articles are written by staff members belonging to the Newspaper Guild Union, a part of the AFL-CIO. Many news organizations that are not members pay a fee to use the stories. The AP has more than 250 local news offices in more than 100 countries.

In 2013 the United States Department of Justice announced it had secretly obtained records of telephone calls by AP a few months before the 2012 United States presidential election. Associated Press CEO Gary Pruitt called the DOJ action: a 'massive and unprecedented intrusion' of Freedom of the Press rights, according to Fox News. Eric Holder, the United States Attorney General, claimed that he was not involved.

See
AP official website

Media in the United States
Companies based in New York City
Manhattan
News media

Associated Press


William Hamper (12 December 1776 – 3 May 1831) was an English businessman, magistrate and antiquary.

Life
He was the only child of Thomas Hamper of West Tarring, Sussex, and his wife Elizabeth Tyson, born at Birmingham on 12 December 1776. Both parents died in 1811, and were buried in the churchyard of King's Norton Worcestershire. William was brought up in his father's business as a brassfounder, and to extend it he travelled widely.

In 1811, he was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Warwickshire. In 1817 he became a correspondent of the Society of Antiquaries, and was elected a Fellow on 5 April 1821.

He died suddenly at Highgate, Birmingham, on 3 May 1831, and was buried with his parents. Monuments to their memory are also in King's Norton churchyard.

Works
He began his literary career by contributing poems to the Gentleman's Magazine the first being 'The Beggar-Boy,' 1798, p. 794, which was signed 'H. D. B.,' the initial letters of Hamper, Deritend, Birmingham. The best known of these  was 'The Devil's Dike, a Sussex Legend', which was reprinted in Brighton guide-books. From 1804 to 1812 he sent the same periodical views and descriptions of English churches and other buildings of antiquity. About the same time he composed and published, under the name of 'Repmah,' an anagram of Hamper, some songs and airs.

Hamper was well versed in Anglo-Saxon and medieval latinity, and was an accurate facsimilist. John Nichols in his 'History of Leicestershire,' George Ormerod in 'Cheshire,' William Bray in 'Surrey,' and Edmund Cartwright in 'Sussex' acknowledged help from him, and he gave assistance to the anonymous author of 'Kenilworth Illustrated,' 1821.

Hamper published two separate works:
 'Observations on certain Ancient Pillars of Memorial called Hoar-Stones, to which is added a conjecture on the Croyland Inscription,' Birmingham, 1820; a pamphlet. The materials which he had collected for an enlarged edition  were inserted in 'Archæologia,' xxv. 24–60.
 'The Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Sir William Dugdale' (1827); pt. ii. of the appendix, consisting of an index to the manuscript collections of Dugdale, was issued separately in 1826. This was Hamper's major work.

For many years Hamper was engaged in preparing a new edition of Dugdale's 'Antiquities of Warwickshire,' and collected vast materials. His copy of that volume, with manuscript additions, went to the British Museum. At the sale of his library the firm of Beilby, Knott, & Beilby acquired his notes for a distinct history of Aston and Birmingham. His copy of William Hutton's 'Birmingham,' interleaved and covered with annotations, went to Alderman Avery of Birmingham, and a mass of his letters and manuscripts was in the Staunton Warwickshire collection, which was purchased and presented to the corporation reference library at Birmingham. These were burnt, but many of his letters had been copied and printed in the notes and queries column of the 'Birmingham Weekly Post.'

Hamper edited a volume of 'Masques performed before Queen Elizabeth. From a coeval copy, Chiswick, 1820,' which he (wrongly) attributed to George Ferrers; and he printed for private circulation in 1822 'Two Copies of Verses on the Meeting of Charles the First and Henrietta Maria, in the Valley of Kineton, below Edge-Hill, July 13, 1643,' which were preserved in manuscript among Dugdale's papers. Many of his communications on rings, seals, and runic inscriptions appeared in 'Archæologia,' vols. xix–xxv. Notes by him on books are inserted in Thomas Frognall Dibdin's 'Bibliomania' (1876, ed.) pp. 117, 529, and in his 'Bibliographical Decameron,' iii. 253–4.

From 1812 to 1831 he was an intimate friend and correspondent of John Britton, whom he aided in compiling the 'Beauties of England and Wales,' and the 'Dictionary of Architecture and Archæology in the Middle Ages.' A list of 140 ways of spelling Birmingham, drawn up by Hamper, appears in John Alfred Langford's 'Century of Birmingham Life.'

Personal life
On 7 November 1803, Hamper married Jane Sharp at Ringwood, Hampshire. Hamper's wife is the youngest daughter of William Sharp of Newport, Isle of Wight, a politician and literary student. They have three daughters. On 6 June 1829, Hamper's wife died.

References

Obituary of William Hamper, Esq in The Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year 1831, Volume 16, pp. 339–46.
Attribution

1776 births
1831 deaths
English antiquarians

William Hamper


Hard-Fi: Best of 2004–2014 is a greatest hits album by English alternative rock band Hard-Fi.

Background
After a four-year gap between the release of Hard-Fi's second album Once Upon a Time in the West (2007) and their third album Killer Sounds (2011), Richard Archer told Gigwise in March 2012 that the band were hoping to release their next album in a shorter interval, "We want it to be sooner than the last one, you know, that was like just ridiculous, so we want it to be... We thought that we've got to come back with something fairly soon. There's no deadline on it because it's just there's no point, there's so many other factors involved, but we do definitely want to at least have material ready to roll if we need it." The band released some samples of studio material from their upcoming album via their official Facebook page in March 2013. On 6 May 2013, Hard-Fi announced via Facebook that Phillips had left the band in order to concentrate on 'different things'.

On 27 November, it was announced that Hard-Fi would be releasing a greatest hits compilation album called Hard-Fi: Best of 2004 – 2014. The track list was revealed and the album will be released on 26 January 2014. The following day, in another Facebook statement, the band said: "We were approached by Warner records about this and decided to get involved. This way we had some control over the content and presentation. The main CD will feature all the singles plus some of our favourite album tracks, the Axwell remix of 'Hard To Beat', and the favourite b-side (as voted by you lot) 'You & Me' and a new track, 'Move Over'. There is also a limited 'Deluxe' CD version which is packed with alt versions of tracks, rarities, b-sides and some of our favourite remixes. All the limited Deluxe CD albums will be signed by us. Keep tuned in as we will have exclusive previews of "Move Over" and news of a one off event.............."

Critical reception
The compilation has been given favourable reviews, TheGayUK's Chris Jones said: "Hard-Fi are masters of social realism in their lyrics and this collection of hits is a reminder that the band provide a great soundtrack to the streets of urban Britain. It's music for working-class people that has clearly resonated over the years. Hard-Fi may be underdogs of the music scene, but their songs are better than many other indie-pop bands and this is a five star collection worthy of investing in."

Track listing
"Cash Machine"
"Tied Up Too Tight"
"Hard to Beat"
"Living for the Weekend"
"Better Do Better"
"Stars of CCTV"
"Move On Now"
"You and Me"
"Suburban Knights"
"Can't Get Along (Without You)"
"I Shall Overcome" (Fist Full of Dollars Mix)
"Tonight"
"Good for Nothing"
"Fire in the House"
"Bring It On"
"Give It Up"
"Like a Drug"
"Move Over"
"Hard to Beat" (Axwell Mix radio edit)

CD Two (Deluxe Version)
CD2:
"Tied Up Too Tight (BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge)"
"Hard To Beat (Axwell Mix full version)"
"Suburban Knights [Steve Angello & Sebastian Ingrosso Mix]"
"Sweat (Greg Kirstin Mix)"
"Help Me Please"
"Seven Nation Army"
"Middle Eastern Holiday (Wrongtom meets The Rockers East Of Medina)"
"Stay Alive"
"Killer Sounds"
"Hard To Beatmix"
"Sick Of It All"
"Pain In My Heart"
"Empty Streets"
"Better Do Better [Wrongtom Wild Inna 81 Version]"
"These Four Walls And I"
"Don't Wanna Flight"
"Polish Love Song"

References

Hard-Fi albums
2014 greatest hits albums
Warner Music Group compilation albums

Hard-Fi: Best of 2004 – 2014


Bhumi is the goddess of earth in Hinduism. She is shown as a beautiful woman sitting on a lotus. She has an owl as her vahana or vehicle . She plays major role in the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. She is always regarded as an equivalent to Leimarel Sidabi, her Meitei counterpart.

In Ramayana, she is the mother of the goddess Sita, wife of lord Rama . After Sita is sent to the forest, she gives birth to the twins Lava and Kusha. Later at the end, when she is asked to return to Ayodhya, she seeks refuge in her mother, the goddess Bhumi.

In Mahabharata, she incarnates herself as lord Krishna's wife Satyabhama. She kills the asura (demon) Narakasura.

In some south Indian traditions,  she is depicted as a wife of lord Vishnu, bhu devi. She is considered as an expansion of Devi Lakshmi.  Bhumi is known for her patience and virtue.

Hindu gods and goddesses

Bhūmi


Caving (or spelunking) is the hobby of exploring caves. People who explore caves are called spelunkers.

Spelunkers and their equipment
Wise spelunkers explore in groups, to prevent being lost or stranded in a cave. Spelunkers need reliable equipment, because the descent into a cave is like mountain climbing in the opposite direction. Basic spelunking equipment is similar to what mountain climbers use. Strong ropes make climbing possible and special tools attach ropes to cave walls. Special footwear makes it easier to explore hard-to-reach places, and hard hats protect spelunkers from falling rocks above. Caves are extremely dark, so spelunkers have to carry light sources (like torches and flares). One torch attaches to a spelunker's helmet so it is with him or her at all times. Caves are also very cold, so most spelunkers wear warm clothing.

Spelunkers tie their ropes with different kinds of knots, like the farmer's hitch knot and the alpine butterfly knot. Spelunkers choose different knots for different purposes. Some knots work well to hold people as they climb. Other knots are best for tying ropes together.

Modern caving
Caving today has become a hobby for many different reasons. Some cavers are interested in conservation. Others are interested in gathering hard data about caves (called speleology). Geologists explore caves for the purpose of learning about the formation of rocks. But, for most of the rest, the purpose of caving is just to have fun.

Caves can generally be explored during any season of the year. Most caves remain at the same temperature all year round. The common rules of thumb apply:
Always wear protective headgear.
Always check to be sure there is no danger of flooding while you plan to be in the cave.
Never go alone. A minimum of three cavers is best.
Always make sure someone on the surface knows where you are caving.
Carry a minimum of three light sources per person.
The cave environment is more fragile than people realize. And, since water that flows through a cave eventually comes out in streams and rivers, any pollution will wind up in someone's drinking water and can seriously affect the surface environment as well.
Remember the cavers motto: Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints. Kill nothing but time.

References

Other websites
The National Speleological Society  American organization devoted to caving, cave science, and cave conservation
 Speleological Abstract (SA/BBS) Annual review of the world's speleological literature, edited by the Bibliography Commission of the UIS.
The latest news from the caving scene.
Photos of caving in the UK
Caving Photos

Hobbies
Caves

Caving


Casper Holstein (December 7, 1876 – April 5, 1944) was a prominent New York mobster involved in the Harlem "numbers rackets" during the Harlem Renaissance.

Early life
His birth name was Egbert Joseph, he changed his name in honor of his maternal grandfather Holstein. Born of mixed African and Danish descent in St. Croix, Danish West Indies, Casper Holstein moved to New York City with his mother in 1884.
His father was a landed mulatto who owned a butcher shop and owner of a large farm. His mother was the daughter of an officer in the Danish Militia. Attending high school in Brooklyn, he enlisted in the United States Navy following his graduation. During World War I, he was able to revisit his birthplace while stationed in what had become the United States Virgin Islands. After the war, Holstein worked as janitor and doorman in Manhattan eventually becoming a messenger, and then head messenger, for a commodities brokerage on Wall Street.

Rebirth of the Harlem numbers racket
During this time, he began to become familiar with the stock market and began studying the system and numbers. He was eventually able to devise a lottery system based on those principles. Previously under and before Matthews the number was set by a system in which a set of digits 0 to 9 were drawn out at random and posted in a club house. This however allowed for the organizer to cut losses by fixing the outcome. It also created limitations on disseminating the winning number out to the gamblers. There were unrelated statistical numbers published by the newspapers which Holstein found could be used by an organizer instead. At various times the US Customs House receipts, New York Stock Exchange daily share volume and leading horse race parimutuel betting handle have all been used to set the daily number. This change permitted a larger number of gamblers to play the same game and with reduced fear of fixing. As the Prohibition began, Holstein's lottery system proved popular and soon Holstein became known as the "Bolita King", going on to earn an estimated $2 million from his lotteries.

In 1932 Dixie Davis, the court house attorney who provided service for the runners for many of the numbers operators, decided that he could make more money if he were to take over as central organizer. In order to enforce his seizure of power, he brought in Dutch Schultz, who could see that Prohibition which had proved lucrative for him was reaching its end. Rather than accept a back seat however, he decided he wanted the central role. One by one various numbers operators were picked up by Schultz and told they would have to deal with him. Most complied but he was resisted by Madame Stephanie St. Clair and Bumpy Johnson. Holstein saw himself as having a political mission which would be undermined by violence and dropped out of active or central involvement overseeing street collection. The numbers game then continued operating with mostly Black collectors and mid level management. This was under mostly White leadership and by St. Clair and Johnson. Holstein continued on the periphery as a wholesale lay off gambler for several years but was arrested and stopped in 1937.

Political activism
Holstein was a major donor towards charitable purposes such as building dormitories at black colleges, as well as financing many of the neighborhood's artists, writers, and poets during the Harlem Renaissance. He bought the mortgage on the New York hall of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and allowed it to continue to be used as a black function hall until the Marcus Garvey organization collapsed. The site was then developed by him as Holstein Court a residential building for Black business owners and professionals. He also helped establish a Baptist school in Liberia and established a hurricane relief fund for his native Virgin Islands. He was a regular contributor of articles to the NAACP newspaper Crisis.

Prohibition and later years
By the end of the 1920s, Holstein had become a dominant figure among Harlem's numerous policy operators. Although both he and rival Stephanie St. Clair claimed to have invented the way that "numbers games" chose the winning number, both claims have long been in dispute. He controlled a large scale numbers-running operation, as well as nightclubs and other legitimate business. His income may have been as high as $12,000 a day at its peak, and he was generous with his wealth. According to The New York Times, he was "Harlem's favorite hero", because of his wealth, his sporting proclivities and his philanthropies among his community.

Kidnapping
In 1928, he was kidnapped by five white men who demanded a ransom of $50,000. He was released three days later, insisting that no ransom was paid. The incident was never explained.

In popular culture
The character Valentin Narcisse, played by Jeffrey Wright, on season 4 and 5 of the HBO period crime-drama Boardwalk Empire was inspired by Holstein.

References

External links
  by Sara Smollett

1876 births
1944 deaths
African-American gangsters
American gangsters
American crime bosses
American people of Danish descent
American people of United States Virgin Islands descent
Criminals from Manhattan
Gangsters from New York City
People from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Prohibition-era gangsters
Numbers game
20th-century African-American people

Casper Holstein


Norsk Forurensningskontroll AS (literally "Norwegian Pollution Control") or NFK was a specialized Norwegian aviation company and aircraft operator, with a fleet of four de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft. The company was founded in 1983 and initially intended to operate the aircraft to apply dispersants on oil spills at sea, as a part of the national oil spill defense system. However, due to oil companies, departemental and government politics the company failed to establish such a service and instead operated the aircraft for charter, before deciding to liquidate the company in the autumn of 1986.  The airline had its main base at Bodø Airport, and was planning to establish oil-spill protection bases at Hammerfest Airport and Kristiansund Airport, Kvernberget. During its existence the company co-operated closely with Widerøe, which was approved by the authorities as the operators maintenance organization.

History

The airline was established in 1983 with a share capital of NOK 50,000, and with Harald Olsen as managing director. In November 1983, they announced to the authorities and the general public plans to establish a fleet of four DHC-6/300 Twin Otters, for the application of dispersant on oil spills at sea as part of the national oil spill protection system, as well as providing an airborne radar surveillance and positioning system. The government was initially favorable to the concept, particularly as an element in improving oil spill protection and response at sea, in conjunction with permitting the oil industry to commence exploration north of the 62nd parallel north, but unfortunately government and departmental politics and the oil companies' unwillingness to contribute to the system, led to the company's demise.

The company aimed to have two aircraft operative in June 1984, and be fully operational with 35 to 40 employees and four aircraft by 1985, when all-year oil drilling would start in the Norwegian Sea. Use of aircraft for oil spill reduction was at the time established in the United Kingdom, and Norsk Forurensningskontroll aimed to create a similar preparedness for Norway in cooperation with the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority. The cost of the four aircraft was stipulated to approximately NOK 35 million. Operation started in May 1984 with an aircraft on dry lease from Widerøe (LN-BNS), which was also used as system development platform. The airline stated that they hoped to have 30 to 50 operations per year.

In September, one of the aircraft was displayed at Farnborough Airshow, and Norsk Forurensningskontroll stated that they hoped to sell the technology abroad. The idea of having an oil spill services of this type was eventually abandoned by the authorities and by the oil industry, and instead NFK started using their aircraft for various charter purposes, such as bird counting for universities and parachuting. In 1986, the company gained a contract with the French government for supplying a French–Canadian semi-military female expedition, aiming to traverse the polar basin from the northernmost tip of Svalbard to the North Pole on skis. The aircraft was based in Svalbard, and a number of other scientific and exploration expeditions were supported, including electronic mapping of the headrock underneath glaciers, under a contract for the Scott Polar Research Institute at the University Cambridge, financed by BP.

The company filed for bankruptcy in October 1986. At the time it had NOK 29 million in debt, while its assets were three Twin Otters with an estimated value of NOK 21 million. At the time, one plane was on lease to the national airline of Portugal ( TAP), flying scheduled operations on the archipelago of Madeira. The largest creditors were Sparebanken Nord, who was owed 13 million and had collateral in two aircraft, Sparebanken Nordland, who were owed NOK 11 million and had collateral in one aircraft, and Kredittkassen/Fiskernes Bank, who were owed NOK 1.9 million. The banks estimated they had lost NOK 8 million on the venture.

Organization and aircraft
The company had its head office in Bodø and main base at Bodø Airport. It cooperated with Widerøe, also based in Bodø, for crews and maintenance services. The aircraft was planned to be stationed on 24-hour watch, with a reaction time of 30 minutes during daytime and 60 minutes during night. Tests showed that aircraft could be used for spills up to , depending on the type of oil. The dispersant should ideally be applied two hours after discharge. The dispersant application system developed for the De Havilland of Canada DHC-6/300 Twin Otter aircraft consisted of two  aluminumfive- chamber tanks for dispersant. The uniqueness of the system on board the aircraft, as it was developed by the operator NFK and Widerøe's engineering department, was primarily that it was self-contained and propelled by bleed air tapped from one of the two Pratt & Whitney gas turbines on the aircraft, pressurizing the tanks. The arrangement of the tanks gave no change in Center of Gravity during discharge of the dispersant.

References

Defunct airlines of Norway
1983 establishments in Norway
1986 disestablishments in Norway
Airlines established in 1983
Airlines disestablished in 1986
Companies based in Bodø

Norsk Forurensningskontroll


Harold Burke Peterson (September 19, 1923 – April 14, 2013) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1972 until his death. He was a counselor to the presiding bishop and a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy. He became an emeritus general authority in 1993.

Peterson was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, where he became an Eagle Scout. Beginning in 1940, Peterson attended Phoenix College, and in 1942 he joined the United States Navy. He completed a civil engineering course of study at the University of Oklahoma and became a Seabee, working on projects in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II.

After the war, he earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona and taught at the Utah State Agricultural College (now Utah State University) while he earned his master's degree there. After graduating, he worked in Phoenix with the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1955, he and two other Latter-day Saints founded a civil engineering firm.

In 1947 Peterson married Brookie Cardon in the Mesa Arizona Temple.  They eventually had five daughters.

Prior to his call as a general authority, Peterson served in the LDS Church as a bishop and stake president in Phoenix; then later as a regional representative for the Phoenix, Mesa, and Tempe regions. On 6 April 1972, Peterson was appointed as first counselor to Victor L. Brown, the church's presiding bishop. Peterson acted in this capacity until 1985, when Brown was succeeded by Robert D. Hales.

When he was released from the presiding bishopric, Peterson became a member of the church's First Quorum of the Seventy. He served as president of the Jordan River Utah Temple from 1985 to 1987. Peterson continued his responsibilities as a general authority until he was granted emeritus status in October 1993.

Peterson died at his home in Bountiful, Utah, four months after his wife died.

Publications
H. Burke Peterson, "Setting the Example in the Home", Ensign, July 1972.
——, "Harmony in the Home", Ensign, January 1973.
——, "Adversity and Prayer", Ensign, January 1974.
——, "Return Trip Ticket Home", New Era, April 1974.
——, "Mother, Catch the Vision of Your Call", Ensign, May 1974.
——, "The Role of the Teacher", New Era, May 1974.
——, "Friend to Friend: The Miracle of Prayer", Friend, June 1974.
——, "Help for Parents", Ensign, May 1975.
——, "The Welfare Production-Distribution Department", Ensign, November 1975.
——, "The Church Employment System", Ensign, May 1976.
——, "Priesthood—Authority and Power", Ensign, May 1976.
——, "Acquiring and Managing Production Projects", Ensign, November 1976.
——, "The Greatest Experience", Ensign, February 1977.
——, "The Daily Portion of Love", Ensign, May 1977.
——, "The Father's Duty to Foster the Welfare of His Family", Ensign, November 1977.
——, "Attending to Personal and Family Preparedness", Ensign, November 1978.
——, "Your Life Has a Purpose", New Era, May 1979.
——, "Purify Our Minds and Spirits", Ensign, November 1980.
——, "Our Responsibility to Care for Our Own", Ensign, May 1981.
——, "Prayer—Try Again", Ensign, June 1981.
——, "The Ministry of the Aaronic Priesthood Holder", Ensign, November 1981.
——, "Prepare the Heart of Your Son", Ensign, November 1982.
——, "Removing the Poison of an Unforgiving Spirit", Ensign, November 1983.
——, "Clean Thoughts, Pure Lives", Ensign, September 1984.
——, "Selflessness: A Pattern for Happiness", Ensign, May 1985.
—— (1986). A Glimpse of Glory (Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft) .
——, "Unrighteous Dominion", Ensign, July 1989.
——, "'Touch Not the Evil Gift, nor the Unclean Thing'", Ensign, November 1993.

References
Peggy Fletcher Stack, "Longtime LDS leader H. Burke Peterson dies at 89", The Salt Lake Tribune, 2013-04-17.
Joseph Walker, "Elder H. Burke Peterson, emeritus LDS general authority, dies at 89", Deseret News, 2013-04-17.
Norman R. Bowen, "Bishop H. Burke Peterson," Ensign, July 1972, p. 16

External links
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: H. Burke Peterson

1923 births
American general authorities (LDS Church)
2013 deaths
Members of the First Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Religious leaders from Phoenix, Arizona
Regional representatives of the Twelve
Seabees
Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church)
Phoenix College alumni
University of Arizona alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
Utah State University alumni
Utah State University faculty
Counselors in the Presiding Bishopric (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Latter Day Saints from Arizona
United States Navy personnel of World War II

H. Burke Peterson


Grout Brothers was a manufacturer of steam-powered automobiles in Orange, Massachusetts. The three brothers, Carl, Fred and C.B. were set up in business by their father William L., who had made sewing machines under the New Home name in partnership with Thomas H. White. The early cars were sold under the New Home name.

The Grout name debuted on autos in 1899.

History

In 1900, Grout offered a four-seat steam trap powered by a two-cylinder engine mounted under the seat. An enclosed body model followed in 1901. An unusual model was the 1903 Steam Tonneau, which was fitted with a cowcatcher at the front.

The 1904 Grout Touring Car was a touring car model. It could seat five passengers and sold for US$2000. The two-cylinder steam engine was mounted horizontally at the center of the car, with the boiler at the front under the typical touring car hood. This engine produced 12 hp (8.9 kW). The car weighed 2200 lb (998 kg).

In 1904, Grout introduced a range of conventional four-cylinder gasoline-engined cars, but by then the company had financial problems, and few were made. The last cars were made in 1912.

The steamers were exported to the United Kingdom and sold under the Weston name.

The Grout assembly plant in Orange, Massachusetts, was still standing in 2018 and was also home to Minute Tapioca Company and since 1977, has been the corporate offices of Pete's Tire Barns, Inc. The initial structure is still intact with additions on the sides of the back of the building. Over the years, Pete's Tire Barns has uncovered artifacts from the manufacturing facility including wheels, tires, etc.

The Orange Historical Society Museum currently houses two Grout Automobiles.

Notes

Sources
 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (January, 1904)
Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 14.

Steam cars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Massachusetts
Cars introduced in 1899
1900s cars
1910s cars
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1912
1899 establishments in Massachusetts
1912 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Veteran vehicles
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts

Grout (automobile)


Shkodër County is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Malësi e Madhe, Pukë and Shkodër. The capital is the city of Shkodër. The majority of the population is Catholic.

In its southwest, Shkodër County has a small shoreline on the Adriatic Sea.  The northern border is Montenegro.

Shkodër County

Shkodër County


The UK Dance Singles Chart and the UK Dance Albums Chart are music charts made in the United Kingdom by the Official Charts Company from the number of sales of songs in the dance music genre (e.g. house, trance, drum and bass, garage, synthpop) in record stores and digital downloads. The chart can be viewed on BBC Radio 1's and Official Charts Company's website. The list on the Official Charts Company website goes all the way back to 3 July 1994.

Downloads and streams became allowed on the Dance Album and Singles Chart in June 2009. Before that, only vinyl and CD sales were put together into the chart.

The Dance Singles and Album Charts contains a list of 40 songs or albums.

References

Other websites
UK Dance Albums Chart
UK Dance Singles Chart

British record charts
Electronic dance music

UK Dance Singles and Albums Charts


Zekr is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Holy Quran. It is a Quran-based project, planned to be a universal, open source, and cross-platform application to perform most of the usual refers to Quran. The main idea is to build an as generic as possible platform to accept different Islamic resources.

Zekr is written in Java, on Eclipse platform, and uses SWT as widget toolkit.

It works on different platforms, including Windows (2k, XP, Vista), Linux (most important distributions), and Mac. It requires Java 1.4.2 (or newer). See installation page for more info.

ذکر


Joseph E. Mann (born 1955) is a former two-term member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk, Connecticut's 140th assembly district. He served in the Connecticut House from 2003 to 2007. He also served nine years on the Norwalk Common Council, including as its president. He currently serves on the board of Norwalk Economic Opportunity Now.

Early life and family
Mann is the eldest of five children of Leslie and Harriet Mann. He was born in North Carolina, and moved to Norwalk in 1958 at the age of three. He attended Norwalk public schools, graduating from Brien McMahon High School in 1973. He attended Bethune-Cookman College, where he majored in business administration and was a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. In 1996, he graduated from the Hartford Seminary.

Political career
Mann was elected to the Connecticut House in a three way race against Republican Richard McQuaid and petition candidate Donnie Sellers, who was a Democrat who had once held the seat. He was elected to the Connecticut House in November 2002, and took office on January 8, 2003.

He served on the Human Services Committee, the Higher Education and Employment Advancement Committee and as Vice-Chair of the Select Committee on Housing.

Other public offices
 Member, Norwalk Democratic Town & City Committee,
 Member, Second Taxing District Charter Revision Committee
 Member, Mid-Fairfield Substance Abuse Coalition
 Commissioner & Vice Chair of the Second Taxing District Electric Commission

Associations
 President & CEO, Norwalk Economic Opportunity Now, Inc.
 Member, YMCA of Norwalk Board of Trustees
 Member, Norwalk Hospital Board of Trustees
 Chair, Norwalk Community Health Center Board of Trustees
 Member, Norwalk Maritime Aquarium Board of Trustees
 Justice of the Peace
 Member, New Light Missionary Baptist Church
 Treasurer, Norwalk Branch NAACP
 Keeper  of Finance, Alpha Nu Chapter, Omega Psi Phi fraternity

Awards and honors
 Distinguished Service and Superior Service Award from the Alpha Nu Chapter of Omega Psi Phi fraternity
 Omega Man of the Year for 2010
 Man of the Year Recognition from the G. W. Carver Youth Development Program
 Award for Outstanding Advocacy from the Mid-Fairfield Child Guidance Center
 Recognition for Outstanding Legislative Leadership from the Connecticut Community Providers Association
 Thurgood Marshal Community Service Award from Quinnipiac University's Black Law School Student's Association
 Community Service Award from the Parent Leadership Training Institute (PLTI)
 Reverend J. P. Ball Award for Leadership from the Norwalk Branch of the NAACP
 Named one of the 100 Most Influential Blacks in the State of Connecticut by the Connecticut State Conference of NAACP Branches in 2009 and 2011.

References

1955 births
African-American state legislators in Connecticut
Baptist ministers from the United States
Bethune–Cookman University alumni
Connecticut city council members
Hartford Seminary alumni
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Politicians from Norwalk, Connecticut
People from North Carolina
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

Joseph Mann


Carlo di Giovanni Rossi (Karl Ivanovich Rossi; ;  – ) was an Italian architect who worked in Imperial Russia. He was the author of many classical buildings and architectural ensembles in Saint Petersburg and its environs.

Biography
Carlo Rossi was born  in Naples (his stepfather was the famous ballet artist Charles le Picq) and was brought to Russia in his childhood when his mother Guertroude Rossi-Le Picq, a well-known ballerina, was invited into Russia to perform. From youth he was connected with the world of the arts. He trained in the studio of architect Vincenzo Brenna. In 1795 he entered the service of the admiralty board of architecture; as the assistant to Brenna, together with whom, it is assumed, he participated in the construction of Saint Michael's Castle in Saint Petersburg.
From 1802 to 1803 Rossi studied in Italy. In 1806 he obtained the title of architect and an office. In 1808 he was dispatched to the Kremlin archaeological expedition in Moscow, where he built St. Catherine's Church of the Ascension Convent and the theater at Arbat Square, which burned to the ground during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. He was rewarded with the Order of St. Vladimir of IV degree. In 1814, he obtained the rank of Collegiate Councilor. In 1815, he returned to Saint Petersburg. In 1816, he was appointed to a position on the committee of structures and hydraulic works.

The buildings of Rossi are characteristic of the empire style, which combines grandeur with noble simplicity. These include: the Yelagin Palace with the hothouse and the pavilions (1816-1818), the Mikhailovsky Palace, General Staff Building, the buildings of the Senate and Synod (1829-1833), the façade of the Russian National Library that faces Alexandrinskaya Square, the pavilions of Anichkov Palace, the arch of the General Staff Building, the Alexandrine Theatre and the buildings of the Board of Theaters and Ministry of Internal Affairs. In Pavlovsk, Rossi built the palace library. One of the last buildings of Rossi was the belfry of the Yurevskogo monastery near Velikiy Novgorod.

On , he died of cholera in Saint Petersburg, according to available data - in complete oblivion and in poverty. His children were left with the responsibilities of his burial and debts, which they petitioned the Tsar for help with. The Tsar gave a small sum for the funeral and Rossi was buried in the Volkov Lutheran cemetery. During the Soviet period, he was reburied at the Lazarevskoe Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery under the same tombstone.

Works
The Mikhailovsky Palace and adjacent buildings
The Alexandrinsky Theater and adjacent buildings
The Rossi Street buildings, including 2 Rossi Street
The General Staff building
The Senate and Synod Buildings
A pavilion at Sobieski's Castle in Oława
"Coffee House" pavilion in the Summer Garden
Rossi Pavilion and Rossi Bridge in the Mikhailovsky Garden
Pavilions in the garden of Anichkov Palace
St. Catherine Church of the Ascension Convent and Nikolskaya Tower in Kremlin
Military Gallery of the Winter Palace
Yelagin Palace
The façade of the Russian National Library, which faces Alexandrinskaya Square.
St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral, Tallinn

Honours and awards
 Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
 Order of St. Anna, 2nd class with diamonds

External links

1775 births
1849 deaths
Architects from Naples
Italian neoclassical architects
Italian emigrants to the Russian Empire
Russian neoclassical architects
Italian expatriates in Russia
Culture in Saint Petersburg
19th century in Saint Petersburg
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)

Carlo Rossi (architect)


The Good-Humoured Ladies (Le donne de buon umore) is a ballet with scenery and costumes by Léon Bakst, choreography by Léonide Massine, and music arranged from sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti by Vincenzo Tommasini.  Written in 1917, the piece was based on a comedy by Carlo Goldoni; its plot concerns the diversions of a count disguised as a woman, at a carnival. It was produced in Rome in April 1917 by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.

The ballet was later arranged into a suite for orchestra, in six movements:
I: Overture (Allegro)
II. Presto
III: Allegro
IV: Andante
V: Tempo di ballo (Non presto)
VI: Cat's Fugue and Finale (Presto).

The Scarlatti sonatas adapted for the ballet are:
 G major, K. 2, L. 388, P. 58
 D major, K. 435, L. 361, P. 466
 B minor, K. 87, L. 33, P. 43
 G major, K. 455, L. 209, P. 354
 G minor, K. 30, L. 499, P. 86 (Cat's Fugue)
 D major, K. 430, L. 463, P. 463
 F major, K. 445, L. 385, P. 468.

References
David Ewen, Encyclopedia of Concert Music.  New York; Hill and Wang, 1959.

Ballets by Léonide Massine
Ballets to the music of Domenico Scarlatti
Compositions by Vincenzo Tommasini
Ballets designed by Léon Bakst
1917 ballet premieres
1917 compositions
Arrangements of classical compositions

The Good-Humoured Ladies


Walter Dean Myers (born Walter Milton Myers; August 12, 1937 – July 1, 2014) was an American novelist. He wrote children's books and young adult literature. He wrote over one hundred books including picture books and non-fiction. He won the Coretta Scott King Award for African-American authors five times. His works included Hoops (1983), Fallen Angels (1988) and Monster (1999).

Myer was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia. He was raised in Harlem, New York City.

Myers died from a short illness on July 1, 2014 in Jersey City, New Jersey, aged 76. He was outlived by his wife and two sons.

Works
 The Life of a Harlem Man, illustrated by Gene Riarti (Parents Magazine Press, 1968)
 Where Does a Day Go?, illustrated by Leo Carty (Parents Magazine, 1968)
 The Dancers, illustrated by Anne Rockwell (Parents Magazine, 1972)
 The Dragon Takes a Wife, illustrated by Ann Grifalconi (Bobbs-Merrill, 1972)
 Fly, Jimmy, Fly!, illustrated by Moneta Barnett (Putnam, 1974)
 Fast Sam, Cool Clyde, and Stuff (Viking Press, 1975)
 Social Welfare (Franklin Watts, 1976)
 Victory for Jamie (Scholastic Books, 1977)
 Mojo and the Russians (Viking, 1977)
 Brainstorm, illustrated with photographs by Chuck Freedman (Franklin Watts, 1977)
 It Ain't All for Nothin''' (Viking, 1978)
 The Young Landlords (Viking, 1979) – a group of kids take over an apartment building and struggle to maintain it.
 The Golden Serpent, illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen (Viking, 1980)
 The Black Pearl and the Ghost; or, One Mystery after Another, illustrated by Robert Quackenbush (Viking, 1980). Mindless Behavior
 The Legend of Tarik (Viking, 1981)
 Hoops (Delacorte Press, 1981) – a basketball player tries not to end up
 Won't Know Till I Get There (Viking, 1982) – young boys are forced to work in a retirement home
 Tales of a Dead King (William Morrow and Company, 1983)
 The Nicholas Factor (Viking, 1983)
 Motown and Didi: A Love Story (Viking, 1984) – a young couple's love story, and their struggle living in Harlem.
 Mr. Monkey and the Gotcha Bird, illustrated by Leslie Morrill (Delacorte, 1984)
 The Outside Shot (Delacorte, 1984) – a talented Harlem basketball player goes to college to play
 Crystal (1987) – a girl want to be a young fashion model
 Fallen Angels (1988) – about young men in the army during the Vietnam war
 Scorpions (1990) – a 12-year-old is asked to lead his brother's gang
 The Mouse Rap (1990) – a 14-year-old is determined to find the loot from a 1930s bank heist.
 Now Is Your Time! The African-American Struggle for Freedom (1992)
 The Righteous Revenge of Artemis Bonner (1994) – a 12-year-old boy goes after a man that murdered his uncle.
 Darnell Rock Reporting (1994) – a 13-year-old boy joins the school newspaper.
 Malcolm X – By Any Means Necessary (Scholastic, 1994)
 The Glory Field (1994) – a family's account of their struggle in America from the 18th century to the 1990s.
 Shadow of the Red Moon (1995)
 Slam (1998) – a young black teen with an attitude problem deals with life on and off the basketball court.
 Monster (1999) – a 16-year-old black boy is charged with murder.
 We Were Heroes: The Journal of Scott Pendleton Collins – a World War II Soldier, Normandy, France, 1944 (1999)– featuring the invasion of Normandy
 145th Street: Short Stories (2001)
 Greatest: Muhammad Ali (2001)
 Bad Boy; A Memoir (2001) – Myers' life as a young boy growing up in 1940s Harlem (part of the Amistad Series)
 Handbook for Boys: A Novel (2003)
 Somewhere in the Darkness (2003) – a young boy travels to Arkansas with a father who did not raise him
 Thanks & Giving: All year long (2004)
 Shooter (2004) – two friends of a school shooter give an account of him to the police
 The Beast (2003) – a 17-year-old boy comes back to his home in Harlem from his boarding school to find that the girl he loves is using drugs
 Autobiography of My Dead Brother (1998) – a 14-year-old boy copes with life in Harlem by drawing.
 Street Love (2006) – poetic novel of a romance in Harlem
 What They Found: Love on 145th Street (2007)
 Harlem Summer (2007)
 Game (2008)
 Sunrise Over Fallujah (2008) – sequel to Fallen Angels, taking place in the Iraq War
 Dopesick (2009) – a teenager kills a policeman, and must contemplate his future
 Riot (2009) – fictional account of the New York Draft Riots in 1863, during the American Civil War, by the 15-year-old daughter of a black man and an Irish immigrant
 Amiri & Odette (2009) – the classic Swan Lake ballet recast in hip-hop verse
 Lockdown (2010)
 Sunrise Over Fallujah (2010)
 Kick (2011), by Myers and Ross Workman
 The Cruisers (2011)
 We Were Heroes: The Journal of Scott Pendleton Collins, a World War II Soldier (2011)
 The Cruisers Checkmate (2012)
 The Cruisers Book 3 A Star is Born (2012)
 Darius & Twig (2013)
 Invasion (2013) – prequel to Fallen Angels Juba! (2015) - A fictionalized history of William Henry Lane a.k.a Master Juba, a dancer who lived in the mid 1800s and his life and dance career in New York City and London.
 The Baddest Dog in Harlem'' (February 2016 [unspecified])

References

Other websites

1937 births
2014 deaths
African American writers
American children's writers
American novelists
Disease-related deaths in New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from New York City

Walter Dean Myers


Lauren Michelle Hill (born June 27, 1979) is an American model and actress. She first appeared on the cover of Playboy on the October (Girls of Conference USA) 2000 issue. She was chosen as Playboy Playmate of the Month in February 2001 and won the Playboy playmates edition of the game show Fear Factor. Hill then returned for Fear Factors Tournament of Champions for season 2, but was eliminated in the second round. She was a cheerleader at the University of South Carolina while studying journalism. While modeling and acting, she is known as Lauren James. She was first spotted by a Playboy scout at a swimsuit competition in St. Croix.

She appeared in the 2005 Playmates at Play at the Playboy Mansion swimsuit calendar as calendar girl of February. The calendar was the inaugural Playmates at Play calendar and it was shot on the grounds of Playboy Mansion in 2004. It was Playboy'''s first attempt at creating a non-nude swimsuit calendar featuring Playmates similar in style with those from Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

She has also been a GUESS model as well as appearing in Maxim magazine and its 2006 wall calendar. She has appeared in several music videos, including videos for Bryan Adams, Weezer, Justin Timberlake, and Marc Anthony. Prior to her modeling career, she had been a child actress, having appeared in Disney's Heavyweights as an attractive girl who captivates the other boys at a dance, which was mentioned during her Playmate debut.

Hill appeared as herself in the 2008 film The House Bunny''.

Personal life
She is married to actor Sean Patrick Flanery and they have two sons together.

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
American film actresses
University of South Carolina alumni
American cheerleaders
Actresses from Columbia, South Carolina
2000s Playboy Playmates
21st-century American actresses
American child actresses

Lauren Michelle Hill


The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American comedy movie. It was produced by singer and actress Whitney Houston. It was directed by Garry Marshall. It is based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. The movie stars Anne Hathaway as Mia Thermopolis and Tobey Maguire as Peter Thermopolis, Mia's brother. The characters are teenagers who discover that they are the heir of the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia. Genovia is ruled by their grandmother Queen Dowager Clarisse Renaldi, played by Julie Andrews. It also stars Heather Matarazzo and James Franco as Mia and Peter's best friends Lilly Moscovitz and Harry, Héctor Elizondo as Joseph, the Queen's Head of Security, and Robert Schwartzman as Lilly's brother Michael, who has a crush on Mia.

The movie was released in North American theaters on August 3, 2001. The movie peaked at number three in the box office. The movie was very successful. It grossed $165,335,153 worldwide. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2, was released in August 2004.

Plot
Shy high school student Mia Thermopolis resides with her single mother, Helen, in a refurbished firehouse in San Francisco. Unpopular among her peers, Mia suffers from a fear of public speaking while harboring a crush on Josh Bryant, and is often teased by his popular girlfriend Lana Thomas. Mia's only friends are social outcast Lilly Moscovitz, and Lilly's older brother Michael, who secretly harbors feelings for her. Mia learns from her estranged paternal grandmother, Clarisse, that she is the sole heir to the European kingdom of Genovia, having inherited the throne from her recently deceased father Philippe. Clarisse is determined to groom Mia into a refined princess so she may one day rule the kingdom over which Clarisse currently presides. Overwhelmed by the discovery, Mia initially refuses until Helen convinces her to attend her grandmother's "princess lessons" on the condition that she needs not make her final decision until the Genovian Independence Day Ball in three weeks' time.

Mia receives a glamorous makeover and a limousine chauffeured by Joe, the queen's head of security and confidante, who becomes a father figure to her. Mia's transformation causes her schoolmates to treat her differently, while her increasingly hectic schedule strains her relationship with Lilly. To appease her best friend, Mia tells Lilly the truth and swears her to secrecy. However, the public soon learns that Mia is a princess after the secret is sold to the press by Paolo, the hairdresser responsible for Mia's makeover, and the paparazzi begin to pursue her relentlessly. Although Mia embarrasses herself at her first state dinner, the queen admits that she found her clumsiness endearing and suggests that they spend quality time together. While bonding, Clarisse explains that although Mia's parents loved each other, they divorced amicably in order to pursue their own passions, Philippe remaining in Genovia to eventually become King, and Helen returning to America with Mia to offer her a "normal" childhood.

As Mia's popularity grows, Josh invites her to attend a beach party with him. Mia accepts, causing her to neglect Lilly and forego her plans with Michael. Josh kisses Mia in front of the paparazzi to bolster his own fame, while Lana helps the paparazzi photograph Mia wearing only a towel; both photographs are printed in the newspaper the following day. Finding the photos inappropriate for a princess, Clarisse admonishes Mia for her behavior, after which a humiliated Mia promises to renounce her title. Joe reminds Clarisse that Mia is still a teenager and her granddaughter, suggesting that the queen reacted too harshly.

After making amends with Lilly, Mia finally stands up to Lana for bullying a schoolmate. Mia invites Lilly and Michael to the ball but Michael declines, still heartbroken over Mia's initial dismissal. After Clarisse apologises to Mia for scolding her, she states that Mia must publicly renounce the throne at the ball. Terrified by the prospect, Mia plans to run away until she discovers a touching letter from her late father and relents. Mia's car malfunctions while driving to the ball, stranding her in a downpour until she is retrieved by Joe.

When she finally arrives, Mia, still wet and untidy from the rain, delivers a compelling speech and accepts her role as Princess of Genovia. After changing into a gown, Mia accompanies Clarisse into the ballroom where Michael, who has accepted Mia's apology, invites her to dance before confessing their feelings for each other and sharing their first kiss. In the final scene, Mia is shown travelling to Genovia in a private plane with her pet cat Fat Louie, and she writes in her diary that she plans to relocate to Genovia with their mother.

Cast
 Anne Hathaway as Mia Thermopolis
 Julie Andrews as Queen Clarisse Renaldi
 Heather Matarazzo as Lilly Moscovitz
 Héctor Elizondo as Joseph "Joe"
 Mandy Moore as Lana Thomas
 Caroline Goodall as Helen Thermopolis, Mia's mother
 Robert Schwartzman as Michael Moscovitz
 Erik von Detten as Josh Bryant
 Sean O'Bryan as Patrick O'Connell
 Sandra Oh as Vice Principal Gupta
 Kathleen Marshall as Charlotte Kutaway
 Mindy Burbano as Gym teacher, Ms. Harbula
 René Auberjonois (uncredited) as Voice of Philippe Renaldi
 Larry Miller (uncredited) as Paolo

Awards and nominations

Other websites

2001 comedy-drama movies
2001 romantic comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
2000s English-language movies
Movies about royalty
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in Europe
Movies set in a fictional country
Movies set in palaces
Movies directed by Garry Marshall

The Princess Diaries


In real estate vernacular, a fixer-upper is a property that will require repair (redecoration, reconstruction, or redesign), though it usually can be lived in or used as it is.

They are popular with buyers who wish to raise the property's potential value to get a return on their investment (a practice known as flipping), or as a starter home for buyers on a budget. Home-improvement television shows touting do-it-yourself renovation techniques have made fixer-uppers more popular, but during a real-estate downturn with newer homes available at depressed prices, there is often reduced interest. Inexperienced buyers frequently underestimate the amount and cost of repairs necessary to make a home livable or saleable. Structural and service issues, which may not be visible at first (such as a home's foundation or plumbing), can require expensive, professional contracting work.

Film and television
Many comedy films have used fixer-upper renovations as a central part of the plot, among them:
 Are We Done Yet? (2007)
 The Money Pit (1986)
 Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948)
 George Washington Slept Here (1942)
 In the 2013 Disney animated movie Frozen, the trolls sing a song calling Kristoff a fixer upper.
 In the American sitcom New Girl, supporting newly-wed characters Cece and Schmidt renovate a fixer-upper house as a main plot point in the show's sixth season.
Flipping of rundown houses has also been the subject of various reality television shows, including:
 Fixer Upper
 Flip or Flop
 Flip That House
 Flip This House
 The Real Estate Pros

References

Further reading

Do it yourself
House types
Residential real estate

Fixer-upper


Groomsport () is a suburb of Bangor in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on the south shore of Belfast Lough and on the north coast of the Ards Peninsula. Groomsport has a population of 3,005 people according to the 2011 Census.
It is part of the Ards and North Down Borough.

Groomsport is a dormitory seaside and holiday village. Originally it was a small fishing village with the focus of development being the harbour and Main Street. Groomsport has developed as a centre for water and shore-based recreation with improved facilities for activities such as sailing and power boating. The Cockle Island Boat Club has its home here in the boat house on the pier.

The village developed beside the natural sheltered harbour, between the shore, Ballymacormick Point and the rocky outcrop known as Cockle Island. The harbour is reputed to be of Viking origin and the beginnings of the small settlement can be traced to the 9th or 10th century. Groomsport remained a fishing village through the Victorian and Edwardian periods until the 1920s. Groomsport still retains the identity and character of a small harbour village with its pier and sheltered anchorage together with its historic street pattern.

History
The village and townland derives its name from the Irish Port an Ghiolla Ghruama which could be rendered as Gloomfellow Port. This has historically been anglicised or half-anglicised as Portgillegroome, Gillgroomsport and Gilgroomsport. By the 17th century, before Donaghadee became the main port for embarkation for Scotland, Groomsport's harbour was significant enough to have its own Customs House. Indeed, Groomsport narrowly missed out on New World fame when the ship Eagle Wing set out from the port, with 140 men, women and children, to attempt an early trip to North America in 1636 only to be defeated by bad weather after eight weeks at sea. Robert Blair and John Livingstone both wrote about the voyage.

By the mid-19th century Groomsport had a relatively large fishing fleet and housed a lifeboat station in its sheltered bay. The population of the village was employed mainly in agriculture, fishing and loom weaving. Whilst living conditions were hard, the coming of the railway from Holywood to Bangor in 1865 made the village much more accessible, the standard of living improved, and it became a popular destination for visitors. Groomsport had a halt on the Newtownards to Donaghadee line, which opened in 1861, but this was several miles south of the village and was renamed Groomsport Road; that line closed in 1950.

The population was only 360 in the 1951 Census but this has increased substantially in the last few years with the construction of new housing developments. The harbour has found new popularity, with a sailing club and a collection of pleasure craft. Two former fishermen's cottages by the harbour have been restored as an attraction for visitors.

Sport
 Groomsport F.C. play in the Northern Amateur Football League.

2011 census
Groomsport is classified as a settlement within Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).

On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Groomsport Ward was 3,005 accounting for 0.17% of the NI total.

The demographic characteristics of the people living in Groomsport were as follows:

11.95% were aged under 16 years and 29.58% were aged 65 and over;
47.99% of the usually resident population were male and 52.01% were female; and 53 years was the average (median) age of the population.

98.90% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;

7.59% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 82.90% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion; and 75.14% indicated that they had a British national identity, 7.19% had an Irish national identity and 34.11% had a Northern Irish national identity*.

Respondents could indicate more than one national identity On Census Day 27 March 2011, in Groomsport Ward, considering the population aged 3 years old and over: 2.31% had some knowledge of Irish;10.58% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots; and 0.85% did not have English as their first language.

See also
List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland

References

External links

Official Groomsport Web Site
Groomsport Tourist Information
Ards and North Down Borough Council - Groomsport

Villages in County Down
Townlands of County Down
Civil parish of Bangor

Groomsport


Dan Harris (born August 29, 1979) is an American screenwriter and director best known for working with Michael Dougherty and Bryan Singer, and whose writing credits include Superman Returns, X2 and X-Men: Apocalypse.

Early life
Harris was raised in Kingston, Pennsylvania. He went to Wyoming Valley West Middle and High schools,  and graduated from Wyoming Seminary.  Before he received his bachelor's degree from Columbia University, Harris's short film Urban Chaos Theory won the Grand Jury Prize for Best Short Film at the NoDance Film Festival, and the following winter, his short film, "The Killing of Candice Klein", played at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival.

Career
Harris made his feature film directing debut with Imaginary Heroes, starring Sigourney Weaver, Jeff Daniels, Emile Hirsch and Michelle Williams. The film had its world premiere at the 29th Toronto International Film Festival and opened Winter 2005 after being given special recognition for excellence in filmmaking from the National Board of Review.

In addition to Superman Returns, Harris and his writing partner Michael Dougherty have co-written many films, including Urban Legends: Bloody Mary and X2, which he wrote at the age of 22 for director Bryan Singer, an assignment offered to him after the director read the screenplay for Imaginary Heroes. In the same year, he was honored as one of Variety's top 10 screenwriters to watch.

Harris directed I, Lucifer, a film based on the novel which he adapted with Michael Dougherty. Harris and Dougherty opted out of writing the upcoming Superman sequel.

Harris co-wrote X-Men: Apocalypse with Singer, Dougherty and Simon Kinberg.

Also with Dougherty and Singer, Harris wrote the Superman Returns prequel comic books for DC Comics.

Harris' photography has twice been published by New York fashion and arts landmark Visionaire and he was part of Vanity Fair's "Hollywood Portfolio" in 2005.

Filmography

References

External links

1979 births
American male screenwriters
Living people
People from Kingston, Pennsylvania
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
Film directors from Pennsylvania
Wyoming Seminary alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni

Dan Harris (screenwriter)


El Cariso is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California. It lies along the Ortega Highway, just west of where it crosses the crest of the Santa Ana Mountains a few miles southwest of Lake Elsinore. It lies within the Trabuco District of the Cleveland National Forest. El Cariso Campground is north of the town across the highway from the El Cariso Fire Station.

History
El Cariso is believed to be near the location of the mountain hideout of Juan Flores, the leader of the Flores Daniel Gang. Located just over the county line in Riverside County, its mountain meadows provided a safe place to keep horses stolen in Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties outside the jurisdiction of their Sheriff before they were driven elsewhere to be sold.

It is one of the sites believed to be the location of the 1857 shootout between the gang and a large posse from Los Angeles, and Temecula that found then killed or captured many of the gang.

References

External links
  Cleveland National Park PDF brocure
 El Cariso History, the missing years

Unincorporated communities in Riverside County, California
Unincorporated communities in California

El Cariso, California