Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. The film, starring McCarthy and Molly Gordon, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up bonding with her daughter's friends.

Produced by On the Day Productions and New Line Cinema, the film was released on May 11, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $65 million.

Plot
After dropping off their 22-year-old daughter Maddie to her senior year at Decatur University in Atlanta, Dan tells Deanna that he wants a divorce because he has fallen in love with another woman, realtor Marcie. Heartbroken, Deanna visits her parents Mike and Sandy to tell them what happened, with Mike furiously denouncing Dan for making Deanna drop out of college in her final year because she was pregnant, as well as his overbearing ways during their marriage.

Deanna visits Maddie to tell the news and about her plans to enroll at Decatur University to finish her degree in Archaeology. Maddie is doubtful, but supportive. She introduces Deanna to her sorority friends Amanda, neurotic Debbie, and Helen. Deanna later meets her agoraphobic and chronically depressed roommate Leonor. On the first day of school, she meets demeaning girls Jennifer and Trina, who mock Deanna's age.

Deanna, supported by good friend Christine, joins Dan, supported by Marcie, at a mediation session to prepare their divorce papers. Marcie intends to sell their house without Deanna's approval.

Maddie and her friends take Deanna to a frat party, where she meets a student named Jack, a friend of Maddie's boyfriend, Tyler. The next morning mother and daughter catch each other leaving the bedrooms of their respective guys. Jack has truly fallen for Deanna, and they have sex again in the stacks at the library.

Another night, they attend an 80's-themed party where Deanna has a dance-off with Jennifer, resulting in earning the respect of her schoolmates. She has become both "one of the girls" but also a trusted mentor to Maddie's sorority sisters, who make her an honorary sister. Deanna is also doing great in her classes, until she has a midterm exam that requires an oral presentation. Her stage fright causes her to collapse part way through.

While Deanna is at a restaurant with Christine and Frank (her husband), and another couple (Bill and Amy) from their group of friends, Dan and Marcie unexpectedly show up, declaring they are getting married. Jack turns out to be Marcie's son, and, knowing about Deanna sleeping with Jack, Marcie walks out in disgust.

While Maddie attends Dan and Marcie's wedding, Deanna and her student friends unknowingly get high from chocolate bark laced with marijuana, and they head to the reception, where they start wrecking the wedding hall. Dan, Marcie and Maddie find them and Marcie tells Deanna she is cut off financially from Dan.

Deanna tries to make amends with Maddie, and tells her that she is leaving college since she has no means of paying the rest of her tuition. The girls decide to throw a party to raise the money. No one shows up as they are at a Christina Aguilera concert, so Helen posts a Twitter message claiming Aguilera will be at the party after her show. Christine and Frank attend, along with Mike and Sandy. Mike offers to give Deanna a 401K check to pay her tuition, but Deanna refuses. The party is soon filled with people expecting Aguilera, when a suspicious Jennifer confronts Helen, telling her that if Aguilera doesn't show up in three seconds, Jennifer will put Helen in another coma. The two girls engage in a serious fist fight until Deanna intervenes, telling them that girls should support each other and behave like friends. Suddenly, Aguilera (who turns out to be Leonor's cousin) arrives, and puts on a show with Deanna and the girls to an excited crowd.

Deanna still needs to complete her presentation in class. She is nervous until Maddie, Helen, Amanda, Debbie and all the sorority sisters show up to support her, and this time, Deanna manages to give the presentation with ease. At the end of the year, Deanna and Maddie graduate together, with all their friends and family there to support them. Maddie encourages Deanna to throw her cap in the air. She does so, and as it falls it hits Dan in the face.

Cast

 Melissa McCarthy as Deanna "Dee Rock" Miles (née Cook), a recently divorced woman who returns to college 22 years later for a second act.
 Molly Gordon as Maddie Miles, Dan and Deanna's daughter.
 Gillian Jacobs as Helen, a sorority sister and Maddie's friend, who is older than the rest due to having been in a coma for eight years.
 Maya Rudolph as Christine Davenport, Deanna's neurotic and heavy drinking best friend.
 Matt Walsh as Daniel "Dan" Miles, Deanna's ex-husband and Maddie's father.
 Julie Bowen as Marcie Strong, a real estate agent and Dan's lover.
 Luke Benward as Jack Strong, a popular and handsome frat boy, who has sex with Deanna at a party and becomes obsessed with her. He is later revealed to Marcie's son.
 Jessie Ennis as Debbie, a sorority sister and Maddie's friend, who always requests others' permission before talking.
 Adria Arjona as Amanda, another sorority sister and Maddie's friend, with "issues".
 Debby Ryan as Jennifer, a "mean girl" and Deanna's enemy.
 Heidi Gardner as Leonor, Deanna's depressive and weird roommate and, then, best friend.
 Stephen Root as Michael "Mike" Cook, Deanna's father and Maddie's grandfather.
 Jacki Weaver as Sandy Cook, Deanna's mother and Maddie's grandmother.
 Chris Parnell as Mr. Wayne Truzack, Deanna's professor and former classmate.
 Jimmy O. Yang as Tyler, Maddie's boyfriend and Jack's friend.
 Damon Jones as Frank Davenport, Christine's husband.
 Yani Simone as Trina, Jennifer's snarky sidekick.

Cameos
 Ben Falcone as the Uber driver.
 Karen Maruyama as Mediator
 Nat Faxon as Lance
 Sarah Baker as Gildred
 Steve Mallory as Bill
 Courtney Patterson as Amy
 Steve Falcone (Falcone's real-life father) as Older Man #1 / Vince
 Michael D. McCarthy (McCarthy's real-life father) as Older Man #2 / Dennis
 Christina Aguilera as herself
 Shannon Purser as Connie (Deleted Scene)

Production
Life of the Party was announced in April 2016, with Melissa McCarthy set to star and Ben Falcone to direct. In July 2016, Gillian Jacobs was cast to play Helen, one of the sorority sisters of Deanna and Molly Gordon was cast as Deanna's daughter, Maddie. On August 2, Jacki Weaver joined the project to play Deanna's mother, Sandy. On August 4, Maya Rudolph was cast as Christine, Deanna's neurotic best friend On August 12, Debby Ryan Joined the cast to play Jennifer, a "mean girl" head of a sorority. On August 25, Matt Walsh was cast to play Dan, Deanna's husband. On August 29, Julie Bowen joined the cast to play Deanna's nemesis, Marcie.

Filming began in August 2016 in the metro Atlanta area. The sorority house used in the film is The Twelve Oaks Bed & Breakfast located in Covington, GA. The interior of the mansion was replicated in a warehouse in Decatur, GA for the interior scenes and the exterior scenes were filmed on location at the inn.

Release
Life of the Party was released on May 11, 2018. The first official trailer for the film was released on February 5, 2018.

Reception

Box office
Life of the Party grossed $53.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $12.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $65.9 million.

In the United States and Canada, Life of the Party was released alongside Breaking In, and was projected to gross $18–21 million from 3,656 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $4.9 million on its first day, including $700,000 from Thursday night previews, down from the $985,000 McCarthy's The Boss grossed in March 2016, and similar to the $650,000 grossed by Snatched on the Thursday before the same weekend the previous year. The film went on to debut to $17.9 million, and finished second behind Avengers: Infinity War ($62 million in its third week); 80% of its audience was over the age of 25, while 70% was female. It fell 57% in its second weekend, to $7.6 million, finishing fourth at the box office, and another 33% to $5.1 million in its third, finishing fifth.

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of  based on  reviews, and an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Life of the Partys good-natured humor and abundance of onscreen talent aren't enough to make up for jumbled direction and a script that misses far more often than it hits." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, higher than the "C+" earned by McCarthy and Falcone's previous two film collaborations.

Critic Jeff Giles called it "a frustratingly middling comedy that never really figures out what to do with all that talent and fails to produce consistent laughs." Matt Zoller-Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film two out of four stars, calling it "the latest Melissa McCarthy star vehicle that fails to do justice to the sheer awesomeness of its leading lady." Leigh Monson from Birth.Movies.Death. wrote, "One hundred minutes of self-indulgence and tedium, even if it's well-meaning in its intentions."

Accolades

Lawsuit
In September 2020, Melissa McCarthy, Ben Falcone and the film's producers were sued for $10 million by Eva Kowalski, who claimed she pitched the concept for the film to the studio in 2014 and they breached an implied-in-fact contract by producing it without compensation.

References

External links

2018 films
2018 comedy films
American comedy films
2010s English-language films
Films directed by Ben Falcone
Films produced by Ben Falcone
Films produced by Melissa McCarthy
Films set in 2017
Films set in 2018
Films set in Atlanta
Films set in universities and colleges
Films about fraternities and sororities
Films shot in Atlanta
Films with screenplays by Ben Falcone
Films with screenplays by Melissa McCarthy
New Line Cinema films
Warner Bros. films
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
Films about mother–daughter relationships
American female buddy films
2010s American films

Life of the Party (2018 film)


Mr. Stripey (sometimes confused with Tigerella) is a type of heirloom tomato with unusually small leaves and a mix of a yellow and red color that can fool some growers into thinking they are picking an unripe tomato.

Under good conditions in size, shape and internal structure it may be considered a "beefsteak".
Tigerella is generally smaller than the Mr Stripey variety and the colors are less defined, they actually are two distinct different heirloom varieties. Tigerella isn't as sweet or "low-acid" as the Mr. Stripey variety, either. Like other heirloom varieties, Mr. Stripey has an appearance that differs considerably from other tomatoes. In coloration, it is mostly somewhat more yellow near the stem and more red towards its underside, with gentle stripes of red and yellow blending into each other along the sides. This coloration may extend into the interior of the fruit, which tends to be more yellow than red.

When conditions are right and the fruit is fully ripe, the taste will be surprisingly sweet and mild, superior to most store bought varieties. The mild character of the tomato flavor is best used where it is intended to blend in with other flavors, such as in a pasta sauce or salad. The flavor in good conditions and when fully ripe is pleasingly sweet when sliced raw. The ripe flesh is soft, juicy, and extremely tender.

See also

 List of tomato cultivars
 List of heirloom tomato cultivars

References

External links
 Picture Gallery from Google Images

Heirloom tomato cultivars

Mr. Stripey


Holmes Sterling Morrison Jr. (born August 28, 1942, died August 30, 1995) was an American musician (guitar), known as a founding member of the Velvet Underground.

Morrison met Lou Reed, who also played guitar, at college. They met again later in New York City, where Reed was collaborating with John Cale. Morrison joined Reed and Cale in jam sessions, and the three formed a band. The band gained the name "The Velvet Underground" when another college friend, Jim Tucker, brought them a book with that title. Tucker's sister Maureen became the band's drummer.

Morrison played lead guitar, and also rhythm and bass guitars, and sang backing vocals. When Doug Yule replaced John Cale, Morrison played lead guitar full-time. Yule sometimes pushed for the lead guitar role, and Morrison and Yule did not get along well.

Even though the Velvets were well known, their financial success was limited, and Morrison became unsure about the band's future. He quit college before the Velvets formed, with only a few credits to go, but went back to City College of New York during 1970. He completed his Bachelor's degree in English, while the band played Max's Kansas City, a restaurant and bar in New York.

After Lou Reed left the band late in 1970, Morrison continued to tour with them. He had sent his resumé to different schools, hoping to get a job as a teacher or professor. When the band visited Texas, he phoned Texas A&M University, and learned they wanted him for a teaching job. He quit the band, and taught college through the 1970s and 1980s.

Morrison later returned to New York, and became a tugboat captain. He reunited with the Velvets during the 1990s, playing shows with them in Europe and America. He became ill in 1995, saw a doctor, and found out he had lymphoma, a kind of cancer. He died only a few weeks later, and not long before the Velvet Underground were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

1942 births
1995 deaths
American rock guitarists
Musicians from New York (state)
American punk musicians

Sterling Morrison


Containerization is a system of freight transport based on a range of steel containers ("shipping containers", "ISO containers" etc.). Containers are built to standardized sizes. They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported over long distances. They can be transferred from one mode of transport to another—ships, rail and semi-trailer trucks—without being opened. The system developed after World War II. It led to greatly reduced transport costs, and supported a great increase in international trade.

History

Early years
Containerization has its origins in coal mining regions in England from the late 18th century onwards. "Loose boxes" were used to containerize coal from the late 1780s, at places like the Bridgewater Canal. They were used for moving coal on and off barges.

By the 1830s, railroads on several continents were carrying containers that could be transferred to other modes of transport. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the United Kingdom was one such. "Simple timber boxes, four to a wagon, they were used to convey coal from the Lancashire collieries to Liverpool, where they were transferred to horse drawn carts by crane". By the 1840s, iron boxes were in use as well as wooden ones. The early 1900s saw closed container boxes designed for movement between road and rail.

In the United Kingdom, several railway companies were using similar containers by the beginning of the 20th century and in the 1920s the Railway Clearing House standardized the RCH container. Five- or ten-foot-long, wooden and non-stackable, these early standard containers were a great success.

From 1926 to 1947 in the US, the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railway carried motor carrier vehicles and shippers' vehicles loaded on flatcars between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in 1929, Seatrain Lines carried railroad boxcars on its sea vessels between New York and Cuba.

During World War II the Australian Army used containers. These non-stackable containers were about the size of the later 20 foot ISO container and perhaps made mainly of wood.

1950s expansion

Toward the end of World War II, the United States Army used containers to speed the loading and unloading of transport ships. The army used the term "transporters" for shipping household goods of officers in the field. A "transporter" was a reusable container,  long,  wide, and  high, made of rigid steel with a carrying capacity of 9,000 pounds.

During the Korean War the transporter was evaluated for handling sensitive military equipment and, proving effective, was approved for broader use.

In 1952 the army began using the term CONEX, short for "Container Express". The first major shipment of CONEXes, containing engineering supplies and spare parts, was made by rail from the Columbus General Depot in Georgia to the Port of San Francisco, then by ship to Yokohama, Japan, and then to Korea.

In 1955, a trucking company owner, Malcom McLean, worked with engineer Keith Tantlinger to develop the modern container.  The challenge was to design a shipping container that could be loaded onto ships and held securely for long sea voyages. The result was a  tall by  wide box in -long units constructed from  thick corrugated steel.

The design had a twistlock mechanism on top each of the four corners. This meant the container could be easily secured and lifted by cranes. After helping McLean make the successful design, Tantlinger convinced him to give the patented designs to the industry. This began international standardization of shipping containers.

The U.S. Department of Defense standardized an 8'×8' cross section container in multiples of 10' lengths for military use. This was exactly the standard proposed by McLean and Tantlinger in Britain, and it was rapidly adopted for shipping purposes.

Shipping industry standard
There are many variations on the standard 8'x8'x10' size, but the use of containers for transport is now world-wide. In addition to ships, containers are universally used on planes for international air transport. Countries with large rail networks still use containers for much of their freight transport.

Other widely used standard include the 20 Foot container having external dimensions of 20 feet long, 8 feet wide and 8.5 feet high and the 40 Foot length.

Ports
Ports round the world have been adapted to freight transport by container. The ships that carry containers are huge, and ports must have depth and size to dock ships. China is by far the world's largest user of container transport. Container ships cannot get down the Thames to London, so a modern container port was built at Felixtowe on the Suffolk coast. The Port of Felixtowe is the UK's largest container port, and carries 35% of the UK container cargo. However, it is only the 29th busiest container port in the world.

World #1 container port is Shanghai, China; #2 is Singapore, and #3 is Rotterdam, Netherlands. Top U.S. container port is South Louisiana at #9, just in front of Houston. These rankings are by millions of tons.

The use of containers has caused increased efficiency in loading and unloading.  Also, there have been changes in short-term storage and handling in ports.

References

Other websites
 BBC News home page for The Box project; Image of The Box

Transport

Containerization


Colin Ian Miles (born Colin Pluck; 6 September 1978) is an English former footballer who played as a defender.

He began his career with Watford between 1996 and 2000, though would play little role in the club's rise from the Second Division to the Premier League. After a stint with Greenock Morton in 2000, he moved on to non-League Dover Athletic later in the year following spells with Greenock Morton and Stevenage Borough. In 2001, he signed with Yeovil Town; he would become a cult figure at the club over his five-year stay, helping them win promotion from the Conference National to League One. He spent two years from 2006 with Port Vale, before ending his career with Woking at the end of the 2008–09 season.

Career
Miles began his career with Watford, making his senior debut on 20 September 1997 at the Priestfield Stadium, he was replaced by the veteran Nigel Gibbs on 69 minutes and watched the "Horns" play out a 2–2 draw with Gillingham. On 9 December, he played 90 minutes of a 1–0 defeat to Fulham at Craven Cottage in the first round of the Football League Trophy. Watford won the Second Division championship that season, before winning promotion to the Premier League in 1998–99. Not cut out for the top tier, this spelt the end of Miles' time at the club. In February 2000, he signed with Greenock Morton, playing five games in their 1999–2000 campaign, before heading back to England with Stevenage Borough in March. From the Premier League to the Scottish First Division, he finished the season in the Conference National, playing three games of the 1999–2000 Conference season. He spent part of October and November 2000 with Conference strugglers Hayes – scoring an own goal on his debut, before signing with Dover Athletic in December. He played eleven games for Dover, before departing at the end of the season.

When, in June 2001, Miles ended up at Yeovil Town, he had finally found stability in his career. Playing thirty games in the 2001–02 season, his first senior goal came 21 minutes into a 17 November fixture with Margate, in what was the only goal that night at Hartsdown Park. His second goal came on 29 January, seven minutes into a 2–2 home draw with Forest Green Rovers. On 12 May, he played in the FA Trophy final against Stevenage at Villa Park, Yeovil winning 2–0. In 2002–03, the "Glovers" stormed to the Conference title, seventeen points clear of Morecambe. Miles scored against both Stevenage and Kettering Town, but it was his bookings that got him attention. He had been booked twelve times in 38 games, as well as being sent off against Telford United. Miles and Yeovil's rise to the Football League was a spectacular one, as they finished a healthy 8th. Miles played 41 games, 36 of which were in League Two. He scored six goals, an impressive total for a defender, his goals coming against York City, Wrexham, Lincoln City, Barnet, Cambridge United and Bristol Rovers – all at home. He was again frequently in trouble with referees, picking up eight bookings, including a run of four cards in four games.

In 2004–05, Yeovil won the league, though Miles made just 24 appearances, including three in the FA Cup. He scored against Darlington in the cup and was sent off in the league against Shrewsbury Town. In February, he tore a knee ligament, keeping him out of action for a few weeks. At the end of the season he signed a new one-year deal with the club. The 2005–06 season was his last with Yeovil. He made 30 League One appearances, as well as five cup appearances. In June, he signed with League One rivals Port Vale, sensing the Burslem club were "going places".

Martin Foyle played him 33 times in 2006–07, including him in the League Cup tie with Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane that finished 3–1 to "Spurs". He was sent off against Bradford City on 16 September, but kept his yellow card tally down to a respectable four. He took the field just five times in 2007–08 as he struggled with poor form and a swollen knee. New manager Lee Sinnott chose against offering Miles a new deal in the summer. In August, he returned to Conference football with Woking. Woking suffered relegation in 2008–09, seven points off the safety spot occupied by Barrow. Miles played thirty games, scoring on his final appearance, in a 2–2 draw with Mansfield Town at Kingfield Stadium on 18 April. He was dismissed from the pitch twice in the season, in away games at Eastbourne Borough (for foul and abusive language) and Barrow. He was released upon the season's conclusion.

Style of play

Personal life
He changed his surname from Pluck to Miles in 2004, for family reasons.

Career statistics

Honours
Watford
Football League Second Division: 1997–98

Yeovil Town'
FA Trophy: 2002
Conference National: 2002–03
League Two: 2004–05

References

External links

Profile at Ciderspace (Yeovil Town fansite)

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Edmonton, London
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Watford F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Hayes F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players

Colin Miles


Mom Luang Mingmongkol Sonakul (; , born 1971 in Bangkok, Thailand) is a Thai film producer and independent film director. As the head of her own production company, Dedicate Ltd., she has produced films by Apichatpong Weerasethakul (Mysterious Object at Noon); Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, including Invisible Waves; Pimpaka Towira's One Night Husband and The Tin Mine by Jira Maligool.

Biography

Education and career
Mingmongkol is the daughter of Chatumongol Sonakul. She studied film at the San Francisco Art Institute. She then served as an intern at the Museum of Modern Art in New York before returning to Thailand.

As a director, her films tend towards experimentalism. Her first feature film, I-San Special, featured the audio from a radio soap opera set in a luxury resort hotel, played out by passengers on a rickety bus heading from Bangkok to Isan.

Her 2005 feature, 3 Friends, co-directed with Aditya Assarat and Pum Chinaradee, and starring Napakpapha Nakprasitte, is a blend of the "movie star exploitation" VCDs and unscripted reality television series, showing the bikini-clad actress taking a beach vacation with two other friends.

Filmography

As producer
 The River of Chao Phraya (1998)
 Mysterious Object at Noon (2000)
I-San Special (2002)
One Night Husband (2003)
The Tin Mine (2005)
3 Friends (2005)
Invisible Waves (2006)
Twelve Twenty (2006)
Alone (2007)

As director
I-San Special (2002)
3 Friends (2005)

External links
Dedicate Ltd.

1971 births
Living people
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul
Mingmongkol Sonakul

Mingmongkol Sonakul


RmT Sambandham or Irama. Thirugnanasambandham, was an editor of Dinamani, a Tamil daily newspaper published in India. He was born in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu and died on 14 August 2007 at his residence in Chennai.

He sympathised with the rationalist movement of E. V. R. Periyar and espoused causes of social justice, Tamil rights, socio economic equality through Dinamani, in his capacity as editor. Previously, he had worked for The Indian Express.

History
Born in Nerkuppai Village in Pudukottai district and educated in traditional school (called 'Thinnai Palli' in Tamil which was a system of school available in the past) and finished his BA from Madurai Thiyagarajar College.

In Periyar movement
Sambandham was attracted to Self-Respect Movement led by Rationalist leader Periyar EV Ramasamy. from his college days and he himself became atheist and rationalist.

Career
He started his journalistic career From 'Tamil Nadu' news paper (which is not exist now) started by Karumuttu Thiagarajan Chettiar (later owned by Congress leader P. Varadarajulu Naidu). The paper which stood for majority Tamils while the much popular Swadesamitran, which though fought for Indian Independence, identified with hegemonical Brahmins. Sambandham first worked for the paper in Madurai and then moved to Chennai (Then Madras) to work for the same paper.

Then he joined "Indian News Service", a news agency conducted by late Ramnath Goenka, a media baron. After a short stint there he joined 'Indian Express', English News paper published by Goenka as reporter. Sambandham's Hard work, sincerity to profession and ethical approach won higher positions in the paper and he became Chief of News Bureau there.

As Dinamani Editor
After a short shuffling in the administration of express group of publications administration following the death of Ramnath Goenka Sambandham become Deputy Editor of Dinamani and then ascended to become Editor of the paper in 1995. Made lot of changes in the identity of paper, respected one among Tamil News papers. Introduced lot of new journalists and he became expert in the art of generating good quality journalists despite he was notorious for his harsh behaviour with his subordinate journalists. Express group allowed the contract it entered into with him to employ him as editor, to expire by the end of March 2004. Short while after this he was diagnosed with cancer. After struggling a few years with cancer he died on 14 August 2007. Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu state M. Karunanidhi and several other political personalities condoled his death. Many news papers conferred lavish obituaries on him.

References

20th-century Indian journalists
Indian newspaper editors
Indian atheists
2007 deaths
Year of birth missing
Journalists from Tamil Nadu
Indian male journalists

RmT Sambandham


Throughput is rate at which a product is moved through a production process and is consumed by the end-user, usually measured in the form of sales or use statistics. The goal of most organizations is to minimize the investment in inputs as well as operating expenses while increasing throughput of its production systems. Successful organizations which seek to gain market share strive to match throughput to the rate of market demand of its products.

Overview
In the business management theory of constraints, throughput is the rate at which a system achieves its goal. Oftentimes, this is monetary revenue and is in contrast to output, which is inventory that may be sold or stored in a warehouse. In this case, throughput is measured by revenue received (or not) at the point of sale—exactly the right time. Output that becomes part of the inventory in a warehouse may mislead investors or others about the organizations condition by inflating the apparent value of its assets. The theory of constraints and throughput accounting explicitly avoid that trap.

Throughput can be best described as the rate at which a system generates its products or services per unit of time. Businesses often measure their throughput using a mathematical equation known as Little's law, which is related to inventories and process time: time to fully process a single product.

Basic formula
Using Little's Law, one can calculate throughput with the equation:

where:
I is the number of units contained within the system, inventory;
T is the time it takes for all the inventory to go through the process, flow time;
R is the rate at which the process is delivering throughput, flow rate or throughput.

If you solve for R, you will get:

References

Further reading
Goldratt, Eliyahu and Jeff Cox. The Goal. Croton-on-Hudson: North River Press, 2004.

Business terms
Manufacturing
Production economics

Throughput (business)


William Moore Benidickson,  (April 8, 1911 – April 1, 1985) was a Canadian politician. He was the Liberal-Labour Member of Parliament for Kenora—Rainy River for over twenty years.

Born in Manitoba of Icelandic stock, Benidickson served in World War II as a Wing-Commander in the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Following the war, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1945 federal election.

Due to the politics of Kenora—Rainy River which had a history electing Independent Labour politicians and where the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation posed a serious threat, the Liberals worked with the Communist Party of Canada to run Liberal-Labour candidates in federal and provincial elections. Accordingly, Benidickson ran and was elected as a "Liberal-Labour" MP for most of his parliamentary career though he always sat with the Liberal caucus and was considered a Liberal for all intents and purposes.

Benidickson served as parliamentary assistant to the minister of finance Douglas Abbott before serving in the same capacity to the minister of transport through the 1950s.

In 1963, Benidickson joined the cabinet of Lester Pearson as Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys. Pearson appointed him to the Senate of Canada in 1965 where he sat as a straight Liberal until his death in 1985.

Benidickson's wife, Agnes was a member of Winnipeg's prominent Richardson family and later served as chancellor of Queen's University.

References

External links

Some Honourable Members biographical sketches of several MPs, including Benedickson.

1911 births
1985 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian senators from Ontario
Liberal-Labour (Canada) MPs
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
People from Kenora District
Richardson family

William Moore Benidickson


Clicks & Cuts Series is a compilation series from the German music label Mille Plateaux. It features various experimental electronic artists to give an example of the sound and variety of the glitch music movement of the early 2000s. So far, six volumes have been released.

The term "clicks & cuts" was first used by an English journalist writing about glitch music and the Mille Plateaux label.

Volumes
 Clicks & Cuts
 Clicks & Cuts 2
 Clicks & Cuts 3
 Clicks & Cuts 4
 Clicks & Cuts 5.0 - Paradigm Shift
 Clicks & Cuts 5.1 - Paradigm Shift (The Bonus Package)

See also
 Mille Plateaux (record label)
 Glitch (music)
 Minimal techno
 Intelligent dance music
 Microhouse

External links
 Official label website

Compilation album series

Clicks & Cuts Series


Lee Anthony Peacock (born 9 October 1976) is a Scottish former professional footballer and head of youth coaching at Swindon Town.

As a player, he was a forward and midfielder from 1995 to 2015. Having started his professional career with Carlisle United he joined Mansfield Town in 1997 before earning a move to Manchester City two years later. Having failed to establish himself as a first team regular at City he moved on to Bristol City in 2000 where he went on to rack up 144 league appearances in a four-year stay. In 2004, he signed for Sheffield Wednesday and later moved to Swindon Town. He played his final season in the Football League in 2009–10 season as he captained the Grimsby Town side that lost its fight in relegation to the Conference National. In 2011, he signed with part-timers Havant & Waterlooville before parting company later in the season where he moved on to Eastleigh and in 2017 briefly with Portchester. After a spell of coaching at Eastleigh, he moved to Swindon Town as head of youth coaching.

Playing career

Carlisle United
Born in Paisley, Peacock progressed through the youth team setup at Carlisle United and made his debut during the 1994–95 season under Mick Wadsworth. During his first season at Brunton Park the club went on to win the Third Division title. United and Peacock also reached the final of the Football League Trophy but were defeated 1–0 in extra time by Birmingham City. During the 1995–96 season Carlisle suffered an instant relegation, before earning an immediate return in the 1996–97 season by finishing 3rd. United also reached the final of the Football League Trophy again this time winning at Wembley Stadium by beating Colchester United on a penalty shootout. On 3 May 1997, Peacock played his final game of the season for the club where he scored in a 2–0 victory over Exeter City. He made 76 league appearances for United, scoring 11 goals and would eventually be sold two games into the 1997–98 season, his final game for the club coming against Gillingham on 27 September 1997.

Mansfield Town
Nottinghamshire side Mansfield Town paid £75,000 for Peacock bringing him to Field Mill in September 1997. Steve Parkin handed Peacock his Stags debut on 18 October 1997 where he featured in a 1–0 defeat against Macclesfield Town. He became an instant first team regular for the club playing as a forward and on the left side of midfield. Peacock went on to make 90 appearances in the league over two seasons with the club, scoring 29 goals. Steve Parkin left the club at the end of the 1998–99 season and he was replaced by Bill Dearden. Dearden eventually sold Peacock in October 1999.

Lee also featured in the first ever game using a Fluo Flare fluorescent football against Barnet F.C. on 19 November 1998, winning 5–0. He also is the first player to get a hat-trick using the fluorescent ball, and in tradition in football he was the first player to take the ball home with him.

Manchester City
In October 1999, Peacock joined Manchester City for £500,000 who at the time were managed by Joe Royle. City had recently been promoted at the first attempt to the First Division following relegation in 1998. Peacock made his City debut on 6 November 1999 when he came on as a 45th-minute substitute for Shaun Wright-Phillips in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers. However Peacock would only make 10 appearances in all competitions during the 1999–2000 season and eventually he was transfer listed by Royle and departed only 10 months after signing for the Maine Road club. His final game was the return league game at home against Queens Park Rangers, City lost 3–1.

Bristol City
Peacock signed for Bristol City in August 2000 for a sum of £600,000. He became a first team regular in Danny Wilson's side and went on to become a regular in the City first team. He made his debut on 12 August 2000 in a 2–0 away victory over Wrexham. On 22 August he scored his first City goal in a 2–2 home draw with Brentford. Peacock went on to make over 150 appearances in all competitions netting just over 60 goals. In his final season at Ashton Gate the club secured a Play-Off place within the Second Division and after defeating Hartlepool United in the semi-final, City lost 1–0 at the Millennium Stadium against Brighton & Hove Albion. He also scored one of the goals as Bristol City beat Carlisle United 2–0 in the 2003 Football League Trophy Final.

Sheffield Wednesday
Peacock signed for League One side Sheffield Wednesday in the summer of 2004, on a free transfer. He became an integral part of the 2004–05 play-off winning side, gaining promotion to the Championship.

Swindon Town
Having settled his contract at Sheffield Wednesday in January 2006, Swindon Town manager Iffy Onuora persuaded Peacock to sign a two-and-a-half-year deal at Swindon in January 2006, after he had turned down a strong approach from Walsall as he wanted to move south for family reasons. Peacock made his debut as a goalscoring substitute – coming on with fifteen minutes to go in a home match with AFC Bournemouth on 21 January, he scored a last minute goal that wrapped the game up for the Town at 4–2. Despite only scoring one more goal during the rest of the campaign, his honest, hard-working attitude made him a firm favourite with the Town fans almost immediately. Despite a knee injury picked up at Colchester United in mid-March, he attempted to play through the pain barrier – until hobbling off just before half-time in a match against Swansea City on 11 April. By now, it was obvious that Peacock needed surgery, but he decided to take a role described by Onuora as "super sub" – making two further cameo appearances in the following two matches. When the Town's relegation to League Two was confirmed, Peacock was rested before going under the knife during the close season. Peacock went under the knife at the end of Swindon relegation season but returned successfully and was the Town's top goalscorer by October, before being switched to a midfield role. On 24 April 2007, Peacock was named the PFA's Fans' Player of the Year in League Two. On 31 January 2008, he signed a new one-and-a-half-year deal.

Peacock made his return to League football on 17 October 2009, in a match against Hartlepool United after eight months of treatment and recovery. He had previously made a substitute appearance in a Football League Trophy match against Exeter on 6 October 2009 as part of his recovery.

Grimsby Town
With first team chances becoming less and less due to Swindon Town doing well in League One, Peacock was free to search for a new club. Rumoured suitors were Stockport County and Carlisle United, but eventually he signed with Grimsby Town. On Friday 29 January 2010 both Swindon Town and Grimsby Town Football Club's announced that Peacock had joined League Two side Grimsby Town on a free transfer. Grimsby Town told fans via their official website that Peacock has signed a contract until the end of the 2010/11 season. Peacock stated that leaving Swindon Town was the hardest decision of his career however he had to move to get games. Six games into his stay at Blundell Park, Peacock was made captain of Grimsby.

The club suffered relegation from the Football League in May 2010, but despite this Peacock stayed with The Mariners and was selected as the club's official club captain for what would be his first season in non-League football, and Grimsby's first in over 100 years. Despite not being utilised as a regular throughout the season Peacock remained the Town skipper when he played but following the conclusion of the 2010–11 season, he was released.

Havant & Waterlooville
Peacock had previously moved his family to Hampshire in January 2011, and following prolonged contract talks he joined Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville in June 2011. His contract was cancelled by mutual consent in January 2012.

Eastleigh and Portchester
On 16 March 2012, Peacock signed for Conference South side Eastleigh for the remainder of the 2011–12 season. Peacock retired at the end of the season and remained with the club as their U16 team coach. In 2014, he came out of retirement to feature twice for the club

In January 2017 it was announced, that he had signed a contract with Graham Rix's Sydenhams Premier Division side Portchester.

Coaching career
In June 2013 Peacock became the coach of the Eastleigh under-16 team moving to head of Youth and Development at Eastleigh. In September 2017 he was appointed "Head of Youth Coaching" at Swindon Town.

Honours
Carlisle United
Football League Trophy: 1996–97

Bristol City
Football League Trophy: 2002–03

Sheffield Wednesday
League One Play-offs: 2004–05
Individual

 PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2006–07 League Two

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's under-21 international footballers
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Eastleigh F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Swindon Town F.C. non-playing staff

Lee Peacock


Francis Bacon (30 September 1600 – c. September 1663) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1645 and 1660. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.

Life
Bacon was the son of Sir Edward Bacon of Shrubland Hall, Barham, Suffolk, son of Queen Elizabeth's Keeper of the Great Seal Sir Nicholas Bacon by his first wife, Jane Ferneley (d. 1552). He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. His brother was Nathaniel Bacon.

In 1645 Bacon was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipswich in the Long Parliament. In 1654 he was re-elected MP for Ipswich in the First Protectorate Parliament and was returned in 1656 and 1659 for the Second and Third Protectorate Parliaments.

In April 1660, Bacon was elected for the Convention Parliament which proclaimed the Restoration of Charles II in which he served with his brother Nathaniel and later with Sir Frederick Cornwallis Bt.

He had married Katherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Wingfield of Letheringham, Suffolk; they had six sons (of whom four died before him) and two daughters.

References

External links
 A list of the Convention Parliament

1600 births
1663 deaths
People from Barham, Suffolk
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Ipswich
Politics of Suffolk
Roundheads
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Francis
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1659
English MPs 1660

Francis Bacon (Ipswich MP)


The Seventh Development Cabinet () was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President B. J. Habibie from 16 March 1998 to 21 May 1998.

The Cabinet was formed in the midst of the Asian financial crisis and after Suharto was elected to a 7th term as President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). It was a controversial Cabinet where Suharto displayed his nepotism by appointing Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana as Minister of Social Welfare and gave Bob Hasan, a crony, the position of Minister of Industry and Trade. When things went out of control in May 1998, Suharto tried to reshuffle the Cabinet but the rejection of 14 Ministers to be part of the reshuffled Cabinet became one of the reasons why Suharto chose to resign from the Presidency.

The Four Cabinet Aims
Whilst announcing the Cabinet, Suharto also announced its aims.

The Development Trilogy: Consisting of national stability, economic growth, and equity as the tried and tested basis of the policy of development.
Self-Reliance: Letting the Nation go from reliance on other entities to self-confidence in the Nation's own abilities, and having the capability to face the unpredictableness of globalization.
National Resilience: National Resilience will grow out of self-reliance, togetherness, and familial spirit. This will consist of skill and strength of the Nation in facing challenges and threats.
Unity and Oneness: The two elements will strengthen National Resilience and will ensure the continuity of livelihood as a nation, state, and people with the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila as its basis.

President and Vice President

Coordinating Ministers
Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security: Gen. (ret.) Feisal Tanjung
Coordinating Minister of Economics, Finance, and Industry/Chairman of the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS): Ginandjar Kartasasmita
Coordinating Minister of People's Welfare and Abolition of Poverty/Chairman of Planned Families National Coordinating Body (BKKBN): Haryono Suyono
Coordinating Minister of Development Supervision and State Apparatus Utilization: Hartarto Sastrosoenarto

Departmental Ministers
Minister of Home Affairs: Gen. (ret.) Hartono
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Ali Alatas
Minister of Defense and Security/Commander of ABRI: Gen. Wiranto
Minister of Justice: Muladi
Minister of Information: Alwi Dahlan
Minister of Finance: Fuad Bawazier
Minister of Industry and Trade: Bob Hasan
Minister of Mines and Energy: Kuntoro Mangkusubroto
Minister of Forestry and Plantation: Sumohadi
Minister of Agriculture: Sjarifuddin Baharsjah
Minister of Transportation: Giri Suseno Hadi Hardjono
Minister of Cooperatives and Small Business: Subiyakto Tjakrawerdaya
Minister of Manpower: Theo L. Sambuaga
Minister of Public Works: Rachmadi Bambang Sumadio
Minister of Transmigration and Forest Settlement: Lt. Gen. (ret.) AM Hendropriyono
Minister of Education and Culture: Wiranto Arismunandar
Minister of Tourism, Arts, and Culture: Abdul Latief
Minister of Health: Farid Anafasa Moeloek
Minister of Religious Affairs: Quraish Shihab
Minister of Social Affairs: Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana

State Ministers
State Minister/State Secretary: Saadilah Mursyid
State Minister of Research and Technology/Chairman of the Research and Implementation of Technology Board (BPPT): Rahardi Ramelan
State Minister of Investment/Chairman of the Investment Coordinating Body (BKPM): Sanyoto Sastrowardoyo
State Minister of Stateowned Enterprises: Tanri Abeng
State Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Chairman of the National Land Body (BPN): Ary Mardjono
State Minister of Housing: Akbar Tanjung
State Minister of Environment/Chairman of the Relief Effort and Containment of Environmental Disasters (BAPPEDAL): Juwono Sudarsono
State Minister of Foodstuffs, Horticulture, and Medicines: Haryanto Dhanutirto
State Minister of Youth and Sports: Agung Laksono
State Minister of Female Empowerment: Tutty Alawiyah

Official With Ministerial Rank
Governor of Bank Indonesia: Syahril Sabirin
Attorney General: Sudjono C. Atmanegara

Changes
16 May 1998: Abdul Latief resigned from his position as Minister of Tourism, Arts, and Culture. He was never replaced.

See also
Suharto

References

Notes

New Order (Indonesia)
Post-Suharto era
Cabinets of Indonesia
1998 establishments in Indonesia
1998 disestablishments in Indonesia
Cabinets established in 1998
Cabinets disestablished in 1998
Suharto

Seventh Development Cabinet


The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a unit of the United States Department of Labor. It is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics and serves as a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System. The BLS collects, processes, analyzes, and disseminates essential statistical data to the American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, business, and labor representatives. The BLS also serves as a statistical resource to the United States Department of Labor, and conducts research measuring the income levels families need to maintain a satisfactory quality of life.

BLS data must satisfy a number of criteria, including relevance to current social and economic issues, timeliness in reflecting today's rapidly changing economic conditions, accuracy and consistently high statistical quality, impartiality in both subject matter and presentation, and accessibility to all. To avoid the appearance of partiality, the dates of major data releases are scheduled more than a year in advance, in coordination with the Office of Management and Budget.

History

The Bureau of Labor was established within the Department of the Interior on June 27, 1884, to collect information about employment and labor. Its creation under the Bureau of Labor Act (23 Stat. 60) stemmed from the findings of U.S. Senator Henry W. Blair's "Labor and Capital Hearings", which examined labor issues and working conditions in the U.S. Statistician Carroll D. Wright became the first U.S. Commissioner of Labor in 1885, a position he held until 1905. The Bureau's placement within the federal government structure changed three times in the first 29 years following its formation. It was made an independent (sub-Cabinet) department by the Department of Labor Act (25 Stat. 182) on June 13, 1888. The Bureau was then incorporated into the Department of Commerce and Labor by the Department of Commerce Act (32 Stat. 827) on February 14, 1903. Finally, it was transferred under the Department of Labor in 1913 where it resides today. The BLS is now headquartered in the Postal Square Building near the United States Capitol and Union Station.

Since 1915, the BLS has published the Monthly Labor Review, a journal focused on the data and methodologies of labor statistics.

The BLS is headed by a commissioner who serves a four-year term from the date he or she takes office. The most recent Commissioner of Labor Statistics is William W. Beach, who was assumed office on March 28, 2019  Dr. William Beach was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 2019. William Beach's Senate Confirmation.

Erica Groshen, who was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 2, 2013 and sworn in as the 14th Commissioner of Labor Statistics on January 29, 2013, for a term that ended on January 27, 2017.  William Wiatrowski, Deputy Commissioner of the BLS, was serving as Acting Commissioner until the next commissioner, William Beach was sworn in.

Commissioners

Commissioners of Labor Statistics (1885 to present):

Statistical reporting
Statistics published by the BLS fall into four main categories:

Prices
 U.S. Consumer Price Index
 Producer Price Index
 U.S. Import and Export Price Indices
 Consumer Expenditure Survey

Employment and unemployment

 Current Population Survey (The "Household Survey")
 The American Time Use Survey
 Current Employment Statistics (The "Establishment Survey")
 Payroll Employment
 JOLTS report - Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
 Economic geography
 Salary Data
 Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
 List of U.S. states by unemployment rate
 Current Employment Statistics State and Area program
 The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
 The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
 The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) program
 Ten year occupational employment projections
 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, called OES until recently
 Mass Layoff Statistics--discontinued in 2013

Compensation and working conditions
 National Compensation Survey
 Employment Cost Index
 Workplace Injury and Fatality Statistics

Productivity
 Labor productivity, aggregate and by industry
 Multifactor productivity
 State labor productivity
 Work Stoppage data

Statistical regions
Data produced by the BLS is often categorized into groups of states known as Census Regions.  There are four Census Regions, which are further categorized by Census Division as follows:

Northeast Region
 New England Division: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
 Middle Atlantic Division: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
South Region
 South Atlantic Division: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.
 East South Central Division: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
 West South Central Division: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Midwest Region
 East North Central Division: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
 West North Central Division: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
West Region
 Mountain Division: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.
 Pacific Division: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

See also

 Alternative employment arrangements
 Bureau of Economic Analysis
 Career Guide to Industries
 Data.gov
 Economic reports
 Index of Leading Indicators
 Job Creation Index
 Monthly Labor Review
 National Income and Product Accounts
 Occupational Outlook Handbook
 U.S. Census Bureau
 USAFacts

Footnotes

Further reading
 Joseph P. Goldberg and William T. Moye, The First 100 Years of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Bulletin No. 2235. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.
 William J. Wiatrowski, "BLS at 125: Using historic principles to track the 21st-century economy". Monthly Labor Review, June 2009, pp. 3–25.

External links

 Records of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the National Archives (Record Group 257)
 Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Federal Register
 Publications of the BLS available on FRASER
 Bulletins of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, dating back to 1895
 Local Area Unemployment Reports

1884 establishments in the United States
Federal Statistical System of the United States
National statistical services
Official statistics
Statistical organizations in the United States
Unemployment in the United States

Bureau of Labor Statistics


Miklós Radnai (1 January 1892 – 4 November 1935) was a Hungarian composer, critic and music writer.  From 1925 to his death in 1935, he was a noted Intendant of the Hungarian Royal Opera House in Budapest.

Biography
At an early age he had lessons with the blind pianist Attila Horváth, and also studied the violin. While still in secondary school, he entered the Academy of Music in Budapest, where he studied under János Koessler and Viktor Herzfeld. He taught theory at another music school, and had an extended tour of European countries. In 1919 he became a teacher at the Academy of Music.

In 1924, with some associated artists, he gave a performance of his own works, including his Violin Sonata, Poems for piano, and songs.  In 1925 he became director of the Hungarian Royal Opera House, the youngest director since Gustav Mahler.  He restored the institution's artistic reputation that had deteriorated during and after World War I, and put its financial affairs on a sound footing. His first venture was to stage the Hungarian premiere of Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. These were followed by the Hungarian premieres, mostly shortly after their world premieres, of Stravinsky's Oedipus rex, Puccini's Turandot, Milhaud's "three-minute" operas, Hindemith's Hin und zurück, Malipiero's Il finto Arlecchino (from his trilogy Il mistero di Venezia), and others. His administration of the Opera House was criticised not only for being too conservative and reactionary, but also for being too adventurous with new works. He introduced 17 stage works by Hungarian composers during his ten-year tenure. He also created a museum for the Opera House, containing fine art objects and historical documents.

He was also the music critic for two daily newspapers. He contributed to periodicals and wrote analyses of operas and the Hungarian repertoire, and he wrote text books on harmony.

The Opera House celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1935. He died suddenly the following year, aged only 43.

Radnai belongs to the Hungarian post-romantic school, and there are few examples of any Hungarian national elements in his music, a major exception being his choral work Symphony of the Magyars. His harmonic language was mainly influenced by turn-of-the-century French and Italian idioms.  He had a strong feel for orchestral colouring, and used impressionist techniques.

Works

Opera
 Gold (Andor Kozma, 1911)
 Lovers of Yore (aka The Former Lovers), Op. 22 (after János Arany, 1918–21)

Ballet
 The Birthday of the Infanta (Oscar Wilde, 1918)

Choral
 Symphony of the Magyars (solo voices, chorus and orchestra, ? 1923)

Orchestral
 Suite symphonique (1912)
 Fairy Tale (1915)
 Five Poems, suite, Op. 26 (1925)
 Rhapsody (? 1932)
 Mosaïque, suite for small orchestra

Concertante
 Orkan the Hero (aka Knight Gale, Heroic Chapters), tenor and orchestra, Op. 17 (1917)
 Violin Concerto (1933)

Chamber
 Piano Trio (1912)
 Cello Sonata in B flat major, Op. 2 (1912)
 Divertimento for string quartet, Op. 7
 Viola Sonata in D minor (1913)
 Violin Sonata, Op. 21 (1922)

Piano
 In the Village, 6 pieces (1916)
 Times of War, 6 pieces (1916)
 Summer Pictures, 6 pieces (1916)
 Deux Valses Caprices (1916)
 Trois Morceaux (1916; Arabesque, Idyll, Burlesque)
 Ballroom Scenes, Op. 16
 Deux Sonatines, Op, 17 (1922)
 Fünf Klavierstücke (1st series), Op. 25 (1922)
 Fünf Klavierstücke (2nd series), Op. 26 (1922)

Songs
 Songs (1911)
 4 songs, 2 vols, Op. 15 (1920)
 5 Transylvanian Folksongs, Op. 23 (for girls' voices; 1922)
 5 Transylvanian Folksongs, Op. 24 (for boys' voices; 1922)
 Burning I am (Endre Ady)

References

Sources
 Eric Blom ed., Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed. 1954

External links

1892 births
1935 deaths
Hungarian classical composers
Hungarian male classical composers
Hungarian journalists
Hungarian non-fiction writers
Hungarian music critics
Hungarian music journalists
Hungarian opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century classical composers
Opera managers
20th-century Hungarian male musicians
20th-century journalists

Miklós Radnai


Nanalan' is an American–Canadian television show broadcast by the Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. programming block in the US and CBC Television in Canada. Nanalan''' is "designed to foster children's curiosity and love of learning, with the hope they will carry it with them as they grow". Excerpts from the show also air on Fox Kids UK. The series premiered airs at 9:30AM ET/PT times on February 9, 2000 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States.Nanalan'  began airing on February 9, 2000 and on January 6, 2006, it was nominated for the following three Gemini Awards: Best Performance in a Pre-School Program or Series; Best Writing in a Children's or Youth Program or Series; and Best Pre-School Program or Series. Nanalan won Best writing and Best performance, an award shared by Jamie Shannon (the voice of Mona), Jason Hopley (the voice of Nana and Russell), Marty Stelnick (the voice of Mrs. Bea), Todd Doldersum (the voice of Mr. Wooka), and Ali Eisner (the performer of Russell).

Several compilation DVDs of the show and a CD of musical highlights are also available.

The main character is a green puppet named Mona. She is known for her lollipop and orange Nana''', who is Mona's main caretaker.

2000s American animated television series
Canadian animated television series
2000s children's television series
2000 American television series debuts
2006 Canadian television series endings
2006 American television series endings

Nanalan'


Arif Ali Durrani (born  1949 in Pakistan) is a Pakistani businessman who has twice been convicted by US courts of selling arms to Iran.

Background
Durrani was the son of a Pakistan Army ordinance officer who passed away in 1971. Durrani moved to the United States in 1973, settling first in New York and later California. He gained an MBA from the University of Southern California.

Career
In February 1984 Durrani formed a company, Merex Corp, which traded in parts for military and commercial aircraft, and by his own account reached sales of $16m in 1986. He was arrested in October 1986 and subsequently convicted of trading Hawk missile parts to Iran, in what Durrani maintained were actions authorised by leading US government figures (specifically, Oliver North) as part of the Iran-Contra affair with the specific aim of his shipment leading to the freeing of US hostages held in Lebanon. In denying Durrani bail, the judge described him as "enjoy[ing] an exorbitant lifestyle replete with material luxuries and one which causes him to travel the globe to meet with his business associates." Durrani was sentenced to 10 years (and a $2m fine), and released after five years, in September 1992. Durrani said that many of his deals were financed via Bank of Credit and Commerce International. Durrani continued to protest his innocence after his release, arguing that he was working on transactions approved by the US and Israeli governments.

On 30 September 1992, Durrani testified to the United States House of Representatives' October Surprise Task Force regarding public statements he made that members of Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign met with Iranian officials to influence the outcome of the 1980 United States presidential election by delaying the release of American hostages. He had previously told journalists Robert Parry and Robert Ross that the head of the Iran's Revolutionary Guards, Mohsen Rafiqdust, told him of a meeting between Iranian and United States officials in Madrid, Spain. In an on-camera interview for Frontline aired in April 1991, Durrani elaborated stating that Rafiqdust, Mohsen Reza'i, and officials with the Revolutionary Guards told him a meeting between Mehdi Karroubi and Central Intelligence Agency Director William Casey in Spain. According to Gary Sick, Durrani had learned about the meeting from Rafiqdust, Reza'i, and Hamid Nagashian. Durrani recanted these claims during his deposition to the Task Force. He denied telling Robert Parry and Robert Ross that his contacts with the Revolutionary Guard told him about meetings between Iranian and US officials, said his on-air comments had been taken out of context or that he had misunderstood the reporter's question, and said that Sick's report was "incorrect".

In 2006 Durrani was again convicted of selling arms to Iran, and sentenced to more than 12 years in prison. In 2007, he was in custody at the Federal Correctional Institution, Victorville. Durrani was released from prison on May 5, 2016.

References

External links
 Durrani v US, 2003 appeal

1949 births
Living people
Arms traders
Iran–Contra affair
Marshall School of Business alumni
Pakistani businesspeople
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pakistani emigrants to the United States

Arif Durrani


Nicholas James Richardson is a British Classical scholar and formerly Warden of Greyfriars, Oxford, from 2004 until 2007.

Nicholas Richardson was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford (Honour Moderations in Literae Humaniores first class, Final Honour School of Literae Humaniores first class, BPhil, DPhil). From 1960 until 1961 he was a student of ancient historian G.E.M. de Ste Croix, and contributed to his festschrift entitled Crux.

He was appointed Lecturer at Pembroke and Trinity and in 1968 Fellow and Tutor in Classics of Merton. He was Chairman of the University-wide Tutors for Graduates Committee 1988-93, Governor of Plater College 1993-99, and Sub-Warden of Merton 1998-2000. He became Warden of Greyfriars in 2004. He was the first layperson to hold that office. He retired in 2007. He is now an Emeritus Fellow of Merton.

Richardson was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1985.

Publications

The Homeric hymns, trans. Jules Cashford; introduction and notes Nicholas Richardson (London: Penguin, 2003)
Nicholas Richardson et al., La philologie grecque à l'époque hellénistique et romaine: sept exposés suivis de discussions, Vandoevres, Genève, 16-21 août 1993: entretiens préparés et présidés par Franco Montanari (Entretiens sur l'Antiquité classique t. 40, Genève: Vandœuvres, 1994)
Nicholas Richardson, The Iliad: a commentary, vol. 6: books 21-24 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993)
Nicholas Richardson, 'The individuality of Homer's language', in J.M. Bremer, I.J.F. de Jong, and J. Kalff, eds, Homer: beyond oral poetry: recent trends in Homeric interpretation (Amsterdam: B.R. Grüner, 1987), pp. 165–184
Nicholas Richardson, 'Classical themes in modern Chian popular poetry', in John Boardman and C.E. Vaphopoulou-Richardson, eds, Chios: a conference at the Homereion in Chios 1984 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 61–77
Nicholas Richardson, 'Pindar and later literary criticism in antiquity', Papers of the Liverpool Latin Seminar 5 (1985), 383-401
Nicholas Richardson, 'Recognition scenes in the Odyssey and ancient literary criticism', Papers of the Liverpool Latin Seminar 4 (1983), 219-235
Nicholas Richardson, 'Hesiod's wagon: text and technology', Journal of Hellenic Studies 102 (1982), 225-230
Nicholas Richardson, 'The contest of Homer and Hesiod and Alcidamas' Mouseion', Classical Quarterly 31 (1981), 1-10
Nicholas Richardson, 'Literary criticism in the exegetical Scholia to the Iliad: a sketch', Classical Quarterly 30 (1980), 265-287
Nicholas Richardson, ed., The Homeric hymn to Demeter (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974; corrected edn 1979)
Nicholas Richardson, 'Homeric professors in the age of the sophists', Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 201 (1975), 65-81
Nicholas Richardson, A commentary on the Homeric hymn to Demeter (3 vols, University of Oxford DPhil thesis, 1970)

Sources and further information
University of Oxford Annual Review 2003/4: Heads of Houses.
Greyfriars Hall, Oxford University: A Warm Welcome.
Introduction to Creweian Oration, by the Public Orator, 2005.
Oration by the Vice-Chancellor, Oxford University Gazette, Supplement (3) to no. 4818 Wednesday 3 October 2007, p. 100.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English classical scholars
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Wardens of Greyfriars, Oxford
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London

Nicholas Richardson


A palmetum is a collection of palms (Arecaceae) and not a natural population of palms. Most palmeta are botanical gardens specialized in growing, research, conserve and display species of the family Arecaceae.

History
Palmeta as palm collections started within the tropical botanical gardens of colonial times, in the 18th and 19th centuries, where plants belonging to the palm family were often grouped. This is the case of Botanical Garden of Buitenzorg (Botanical Garden of Java) and Royal Botanic Gardens of Peradeniya in (Sri Lanka). In modern times many botanical institutions started a new palmetum.

Places
Some of the most important palm collections are located within the Caracas Botanical Garden in Venezuela; Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero in Mexico; the Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands; Montgomery Botanical Center and Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, both in Florida; and Lyon Arboretum in Hawaii.

Botanical gardens

Palmetum


Ragusa is also the Italian name for the city of Dubrovnik

Ragusa is the capital of the Province of Ragusa in Italy, with 72,808 inhabitants in the city and more than 310,000 in the province area.

Other websites

 ItalianVisits.com
 Pictures of Ragusa
 Ragusa. All about the town of Ragusa
 Ragusa on lne

Capital cities in Italy
Cities in Ragusa

Ragusa


Ernst Ludwig von Leutsch (August 16, 1808 – July 28, 1887) was a German classical philologist born in Frankfurt am Main.

He studied classical philology at the University of Göttingen, where he had as instructors Georg Ludolf Dissen, Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich and Karl Otfried Müller. It was during this time period that he became lifelong friends with Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin.

In 1830 he received his doctorate, and moved to Berlin for a year, where he continued his education under August Boeckh. In 1831 he returned to Göttingen, where in 1837 he was appointed an associate professor. From 1842 to 1883 he was a full professor of classical philology at the University of Göttingen. Following his retirement, he was replaced at Göttingen by Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff.

Following the death of Schneidewin in 1856, Leutsch took over editorship of the Philologus, a journal on classical studies. He remained editor of the journal until his death in 1887. In 1868 he founded the philological gazette, Philologischen Anzeiger. Not a prolific author of books, Leutsch's focus was primarily on his academic teaching, with his favorite subjects being Pindar, Aristophanes, Thucydides, Livy and Tacitus.

Leutsch died in Göttingen.

References

Sources
 The Classical review (Volume 3) by Classical Association (Great Britain) (Google Books) by D. Nutt, 1889.

1808 births
1887 deaths
Writers from Frankfurt
German classical philologists
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen

Ernst Ludwig von Leutsch


Sarah Michelle Gellar (born April 14, 1977) is an American actress. After several television acting roles during the 1990s, Gellar became famous for playing Buffy Summers in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. After Buffy, she started acting in movies. She has starred in the family movies Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), the movie Harvard Man (2001), and the horror movies The Return (2006), The Grudge 2 (2006), The Grudge (2004) and I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997). She won an award for her part in the 1999 movie Cruel Intentions.

Early life
Gellar was born in New York City. She is the only child of Rosellen Greenfield and Arthur Gellar. Both of her parents were Jewish from Hungary and Russia, but Gellar's family had a Christmas tree during the holidays while she was growing up. In 1984, her parents divorced. She was raised by her mother on New York's Upper East Side. Gellar and her father did not have a good relationship from this time until his death from liver cancer on October 9, 2001. She went to school at New York's Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School and the Professional Children's School. Gellar was a very good student and was a good figure skater. Her best friend was Melissa Joan Hart. Several years later, Hart was the star of the series Clarissa Explains It All and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.

Television career

At the age of four, Gellar was seen by an talent agent in a restaurant in Uptown Manhattan. Two weeks later, she auditioned for a part in An Invasion Of Privacy, a movie made for television. The movie starred Valerie Harper, Carol Kane and Jeff Daniels. At the audition, Gellar read the lines for both her own character and Harper's character. The directors thought this was very impressive and she got the job. A short while later, she got a part in a television commercial for the fast food restaurant Burger King. In it, she said bad things about McDonald's and said she only ate at Burger King. Gellar made other commercials while doing other acting job. Some of these jobs were playing Emily in an episode of the TV series Spenser: For Hire, appearing in a small role in the Chevy Chase comedy movie Funny Farm and in the movie High Stakes. She was also in Europe working on the TV series Crossbow. In 1991, she played a young Jacqueline Bouvier in A Woman Named Jackie.

Gellar's major break came in 1992. She starred in the teen soap opera Swan's Crossing. After that, she got a part in another soap opera, All My Children. She playing the character Kendall Hart, the long-lost daughter of character Erica Kane (Susan Lucci). In 1995, at the age of eighteen, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Leading Actress in a Drama Series for her work as Kendall Hart.

Gellar left All My Children in 1995. People were saying that her and Susan Lucci did not get along and this caused problems with them working together. She got the main role in the 1997 TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. She played a teenager who had to fight many of supernatural enemies with the help of the Scooby Gang and her Watcher (a mentor). The show was well liked by both the critics and the audience. Another series, (Angel), was made based on characters from Buffy. Buffy was on television for seven seasons and a total of 144 episodes. During the show, Buffy, and Gellar also, became cult icons in the United States and the UK. They were a symbol of "empowered" women. Gellar also sang several of the songs during the Buffy the Vampire Slayer musical episode "Once More, with Feeling".

During the show's later years, Gellar said she did not like some parts of season six and the seventh season's final episode. After the show ended, Gellar said that she did not want to be in a Buffy movie. Since that time, she has said she might do it if the script is good enough.

Gellar's picture has been used on the covers of Cosmopolitan, Glamour, FHM, Rolling Stone, and other magazines. She was part of Maxim's Hot 100 list in 2002, 2003, and 2005, and in FHM's 100 Sexiest Women of 2005. In 1998, she was named one of People Magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People (in the World)". Gellar has also been in  the Stone Temple Pilots music video Sour Girl and is a celebrity spokesperson for the cosmetics company, Maybelline.

Movie career
After Buffy, Gellar tried to use her television fame for a movie career. Some of her movies were well liked, others were not. After roles in the popular horror movies I Know What You Did Last Summer and Scream 2 (both 1997), she starred in the 1999 movies Simply Irresistible, a romantic comedy, and Cruel Intentions. Cruel Intentions was a small hit at the box office. It made over $38 million in the United States. The movie had a lesbian kiss between Gellar and co-star Selma Blair that won the "Best Kiss" award at the 2000 MTV Movie Awards. Critic Roger Ebert said that Gellar is "effective as a bright girl who knows exactly how to use her act as a tramp".

Gellar starred as Daphne in the box office success Scooby-Doo (2002), a live-action version of the cartoon series. Gellar, Prinze and their friends Matthew Lillard and Linda Cardellini were also in the sequel Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), which made less money than the first movie. Gellar's next movie was the 2004 horror movie The Grudge. It was very well liked. Gellar appeared in the sequel The Grudge 2. It opened on October 13, 2006.  She has also starred in several movies that have yet to be released, including Southland Tales, The Air I Breathe and The Girls' Guide to Hunting And Fishing.

Personal life

Gellar met her husband Freddie Prinze, Jr. during filming of the 1997 teen horror movie I Know What You Did Last Summer but the two did not begin a intimate relationship until 2000. They were engaged to be married in April 2001. They got married in Jalisco, Mexico on September 1, 2002.

In 2004, while filming The Grudge in Japan, Gellar visited the famous Japanese swordmaker Shoji Yoshihara (Kuniie III) and bought a Katana from him as a birthday gift for her husband. Gellar found out that she needed permission from the government to take the sword out of the country. After she got permission, she said that it was incredibly difficult to do.

Gellar and her husband have two children together — a daughter born in 2009 and a son born in 2012.

Filmography

TV series
 1997-2003 Buffy the Vampire Slayer as Buffy Summers
 1993-1995 All My Children as Kendall Hart

Movies
 2009 Veronika Decides to Die as Veronika
2007 Happily N'Ever After as Ella
 2006 The Grudge 2 as Karen Davis Filming
 2004 The Grudge as Karen Davis
 2004 Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed as Daphne Blake
 2002 Scooby-Doo as Daphne Blake
 2001 Harvard Man as Cindy Bandolini
 1999 Simply Irresistible as Amanda Shelton
 1998 Cruel Intentions as Kathryn Merteuil
 1997 Scream 2 as Casey "Cici" Cooper
 1997 I Know What You Did Last Summer as Helen Shivers

References

Other websites

1977 births
Actors from New York City
Gellar, Sarah Michelle
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Living people
Whedonverse

Sarah Michelle Gellar


Evil means something which is morally bad or wicked. It is the opposite of good. People may say that an action which hurts people or breaks certain rules such as the Ten Commandments is evil. A person or a group that does evil things may also be called evil.

Logical problem of evil
A version of the problem of evil, perhaps by Epicurus, goes as follows:
 If a perfectly good god exists, then evil does not.
 There is evil in the world.
 Therefore, a perfectly good god does not exist.

Another argument goes:
 God exists.
 God is omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good.
 A perfectly good being would want to prevent all evils.
 An omniscient being knows every way in which evils can come into existence.
 An omnipotent being, who knows every way in which an evil can come into existence, has the power to prevent that evil from coming into existence.
 A being who knows every way in which an evil can come into existence, who is able to prevent that evil from coming into existence, and who wants to do so, would prevent the existence of that evil.
 If there exists an omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good being, then no evil exists.
 Evil exists (logical contradiction).

Arguments such as these are about the logical problem of evil. They attempt to show that the assumed propositions lead to a logical contradiction and so cannot all be correct.

Theology
A common response is that God can exist with and allow evil in order to achieve a greater good. Some philosophers accept that arguments such as "God allows evil in order to achieve the greater good of free will" are logically possible and thus solve the logical problem of evil. Since the aim is only to defeat the assertion that God and evil are logically incompatible, even a highly implausible instance of God's coexistence with evil is sufficient for the purpose.

In theology, there is a question: If there is a God, why does God let evil happen? Some think that evil proves that there is not a God. Others think that God lets evil happen so that people can choose not to do evil.

Philosophies of science have approached the problem from the angle of empiricism. For logical positivism the issue with God is the lack of any independent method of verification. In their view, this makes the proposition "God exists", not true or false, but meaningless. A similar position points to the lack of any way the proposition might be falsified.

View
The study of good and evil in philosophy is called ethics. Ethics tries to explain why some actions are good and other actions are evil. It attempts to give all kinds of answers for how to tell evil from good. Christians believe that at the Second Coming of Christ, God will put an end to evil and the works of the Devil- see the end of the Book of Revelation. In movies or TV series evil people are often called villains. Political actions are sometimes viewed as evil such as authoritarianism, ableism, corruption or censorship. People disagree on why people do evil things. Religious people may think that it is the result of listening to an evil being such as the devil or sin. Others think it happens because of mental issues like anger, mental illness or revenge. Certain types of behavior are also often seen as universally evil, such as killing, lying or stealing. Sex crimes such as rape, hebephilia or pedophilia are also often seen as evil in basically every culture or society.

References

Related pages
Theodicy

Ethics
Logic
Philosophy
Theology

Evil


The 1985 Pacific hurricane season was an  event in tropical cyclone meteorology. It officially started on May 15, 1985 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1985 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1985. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

At the time, the 1985 season was the most active on record in the eastern north Pacific (breaking a short-lived record set in 1983), with 25 tropical cyclones forming. Of those, 22 attained tropical storm intensity, 12 reaching hurricane intensity and 8 becoming major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. In addition, three additional systems formed in the central north Pacific, of which one became a hurricane and another became a typhoon before re-crossing the international dateline.

Despite the activity, there were few notable systems this year. The only cyclone to make landfall was Hurricane Waldo, which caused damage in Mexico. Elsewhere, surf from Hurricane Pauline caused damage in Hawaii and either Pauline or the following system sank a sailing vessel.

Notable storms

Hurricane Pauline
Hurricane Pauline caused heavy surf along the Big Island, which washed debris up onto roads. There was no damage reported. It threatened the islands enough to prompt a hurricane watch, which means winds of 74 mph or higher are possible during the next 36 hours. However, the hurricane turned away.

Hurricane Rick
Rick was the strongest storm of the season, and at the time had the second strongest winds recorded in a tropical cyclone in the Central Pacific. It may also have contributed to the sailing vessel being overdue.

Hurricane Terry
Terry was a powerful major hurricane that formed by the 15th of September. It became a major hurricane fours days later on the 19th, but it did not affect land while doing so. It eventually dissipated due to hostile conditions on the 24th, without ever impacting land.

Hurricane Waldo
Tropical Depression Twenty Three-E formed from a disturbance on October 7. In an environment over warm waters (86 °F), it rapidly intensified, reaching Tropical Storm intensity the same day it formed. Waldo moved towards the Mexican coast. Just after peaking as a Category 2 hurricane on the hurricane scale, Waldo made landfall southwest of Culiacán. Waldo rapidly dissipated over land. Major damage, but no deaths were reported in Mexico. It was the season's lone landfall.

Hurricane Xina

The first recorded twenty-second storm of a season formed October 25. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Xina early October 27. Xina began to start tracing out a huge oblong loop beneath an anticyclone. Xina peaked as a minimal major hurricane on October 29. As it finished the loop and left the cover of the anticyclone, Xina started falling apart. Cool waters took their toll on the cyclone, and Xina dissipated on November 5.

Had the list of names not been extended, Xina would have been named "Alpha" instead. However, the anticipated exhaustion of the old list was averted, meaning that the east Pacific has never exhausted its list. Xina stayed at sea, and no casualties or damages were reported.

1985 storm names
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1985. No names were retired, so it was used again in the 1991 season. The name "Dolores" was misspelled as "Delores" in 1991. This is the same list used for the 1979 season, except for the added names. Storms were named Kevin, Linda, Marty, Nora, Olaf, Pauline, Rick, Sandra, Terry, Vivian, Waldo, and Xina for the first time in 1985. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.

One name from the Central Pacific list was used – Nele. It was the first usage for this name. One storm, Typhoon Skip, formed in the central Pacific but did not receive a name until it reached the west Pacific, therefore only Nele was used from the central Pacific list.

Later during the '80s, the added names were made a permanent part of the Eastern Pacific lists, and other names were added for even-numbered years.

Had the names not been added, this season would have been the first Pacific or Atlantic hurricane season to exceed the list, and had to have used a Greek letter named storm. This would not occur until the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which saw an unprecedented 28 storms and 6 Greek names.

Related pages
List of Pacific hurricane seasons
1985 Atlantic hurricane season

Other websites
 Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1985
 CPHC Season Summary
 Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1985
 ATCR for Tropical Storm/Typhoon Skip

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
1980s in weather

1985 Pacific hurricane season


Sir Claudius Stephen Hunter, 1st Baronet (24 February 1775 – 20 April 1851), lawyer and Lord Mayor of London.

Biography
Hunter, who was born at Beech Hill, near Reading, 24 February 1775, was the youngest son of Henry Hunter (1739–1789) of Beech Hill, Berkshire, a barrister, by Mary, third daughter of William Sloane, the great-nephew of Sir Hans Sloane, bart. His sister Mary (d. 1847) was the second wife of William Manning, M.P. for Lymington, and was thus mother of Cardinal Manning.

He was educated at Newcome's school in Hackney, and afterwards by a Protestant clergyman in Switzerland. He entered as a student of the Inner Temple, but was subsequently articled for five years to Beardsworth, Burley, & Moore, solicitors, of Lincoln's Inn. He commenced business in 1797 as a solicitor in Lincoln's Inn, in partnership with George Richards. A wealthy marriage in the same year proved of assistance, and his practice grew very large.

He was solicitor to the commercial commissioners under the income duty acts, the London Dock Company, the Royal Institution, the Society for the Promotion of Religion and Virtue and Suppression of Vice, the Linnean Society, and the Royal Exchange Assurance Company. In September 1804 he was chosen alderman of the ward of Bassishaw, and then relinquished the general management of his business to his partner. Two years afterwards he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal East London Militia (becoming Colonel on 10 January 1810), and devoted much time to his regiment, which was occasionally called upon to serve at a distance from the metropolis. In June 1808 he was elected Sheriff of London.

He retired from business as a solicitor on 11 January 1811, and was called to the bar. On 9 November 1811 he became lord mayor of the city of London, when he revived all the ancient ceremonies worthy of renewal, and his pageant was exceptionally magnificent. He was created a baronet on 11 December 1812 and made an honorary D.C.L. of the university of Oxford 23 June 1819. In 1835 he removed from the ward of Bassishaw to that of Bridge Without, and at the time of his death was the 'father of the city.'

He died at Mortimer Hill, Reading, Berkshire, 20 April 1851. His first wife, whom he married 15 July 1797, Penelope Maria, only daughter of James Free, having died in 1840, he married again, on 25 October 1841, Janet, second daughter of James Fenton of Hampstead; she died at Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, 21 January 1859. By his first wife he had two sons and a daughter. His elder son John (1798–1842) left a son, Claudius Stephen Paul, who succeeded his grandfather in the baronetcy.

References

Attribution

1775 births
1851 deaths
People from West Berkshire District
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
English solicitors
Sheriffs of the City of London
19th-century lord mayors of London
19th-century English politicians
Members of Lincoln's Inn
People educated at Newcome's School

Claudius Hunter


Scaramuccia da Forlì (died 1450) was an Italian condottiero active in the first half of the 15th century. In Italian his name means "skirmish". He was a native of Forlì, Romagna.

First reference to Scaramuccia was in 1433 as connestabile (commanding officer) of one of the gates of the city of Forlì in Emilia Romagna. He was a member of the party which was fighting against the Ordelaffi, and when they regained control of the city he was banished.

In 1438, during the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, he intervened successfully to raise the siege of Brescia by Niccolò Piccinino, general to Filippo Maria Visconti, the Duke of Milan. Subsequently, he defended Brescia with 29 Bergamaschi soldiers.

In the following years Scaramuccia remained loyal to the Serenissima, and in the summer of 1446 he fought against the Visconti's army at the head of 400 infantry. His commander was the famous Micheletto Attendolo. He successfully relieved the city of Cremona, which was being besieged by Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme.

Scaramuccia died in 1450.

References
Page at condotttieridiventura.it

1450 deaths
15th-century condottieri
People from Forlì
Year of birth unknown
Republic of Venice military personnel

Scaramuccia da Forlì


Albert George DeMarco, Sr. (May 10, 1916 – May 25, 1989) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. DeMarco started his National Hockey League career with the Chicago Black Hawks. He would also play with the New York Rangers, Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs. He played in the NHL from 1938 to 1947. He played several years in minor professional hockey until 1952, and played on in senior amateur hockey in his hometown of North Bay during the 1950s.

Career
Albert was born in North Bay, Ontario. He played junior and minor hockey from 1933 until 1937, when he became a professional with the Baltimore Orioles of the Eastern American Hockey League. DeMarco signed with the Chicago Black Hawks in 1938, splitting time with the Providence Reds of the International-American Hockey League. After two seasons, the Hawks traded DeMarco to Providence, where he played until 1943. In the 1942–43 season, DeMarco was loaned to the Toronto Maple Leafs, then traded to the Boston Bruins. The following November, he was traded by Boston to the New York Rangers. He remained with the Rangers before being traded to the Cleveland Barons of the American Hockey League in 1947. It was the end of his NHL career, but DeMarco played for Cleveland, the Washington Lions and Buffalo Bisons for another five years. In 1952, DeMarco returned to his hometown and played for the senior North Bay Trappers for several more years. His last full season of play was 1954–55. He moved into coaching and played only occasionally until 1959.

DeMarco's overtime goal in the 1943 playoffs against Montreal eliminated the Canadiens; it would be the last time the Bruins defeated Montreal in a playoff series for the next 45 years.

DeMarco's son Ab Jr. also played in the NHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards
 Won John B. Sollenberger Trophy (Top Scorer- AHL) (1951)
 Won Les Cunningham Award (MVP- AHL) (1951)
 1st All-Star Team (AHL 1950-51)
 2nd All-Star Teams: (EAHL 1937-38) (AHL 1949-50)

Transactions
Signed as a free agent by Chicago, September 28, 1938.
Traded to Providence (AHL) by Chicago for cash, May 14, 1940.
Loaned to Toronto by Providence (AHL) with the trade of Buck Jones for the loan of Jack Forsey and George Boothman, February 3, 1943.
Traded to Boston by Providence (AHL) with Oscar Aubuchon and Norm Calladine for cash, March 8, 1943.
Traded to NY Rangers by Boston for cash, November 1943.
Traded to Detroit by NY Rangers with Hank Goldup for Flash Hollett, June 19, 1946. Transaction voided when Hollett decided to retire, June, 1946.
Traded to Cleveland (AHL) by NY Rangers with Joe Cooper for cash, May 5, 1947.
Traded to Washington (AHL) by Cleveland (AHL) with Bryan Hextall Sr. for Dan Porteous and Ken Schultz, January 20, 1949.
Traded to Montreal (Buffalo- AHL) by Washington (AHL) for George Robertson with Montreal retaining right of recall, January 28, 1949.

References

External links

1916 births
1989 deaths
Baltimore Orioles (ice hockey) players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian sportspeople of Italian descent
Chicago Blackhawks players
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
New York Rangers players
Ontario Hockey Association Senior A League (1890–1979) players
Providence Reds players
Ice hockey people from North Bay, Ontario
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Washington Lions players

Ab DeMarco


A defibrillator is a machine that can help when ventricular fibrillation happens in the heart of a human. A defibrillator is a life saving device.

Fibrillation happens when many different cells in the heart begin to act as pacemaker cells. This means that many thousands of cells tell the heart to beat, all at different times and with no rhythm. This confusion causes the heart to become unable to move blood around the body. This causes cardiac arrest and death.

A defibrillator sends a high energy pulse from the top-right of the heart to the bottom-middle of the heart. This causes the whole heart to stop all activity. The heart's normal pacemaker then can try and restart normal beating. Defibrillation does not always work.

Types of defibrillators

Internal defibrillators
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) are defibrillators that are designed to help patients from inside their body. They are put inside people that are at high-risk of going into cardiac arrest and monitor a person's heart rate, rhythm, and waveform. By comparing the activity in the different chambers of the heart, an icd can detect cardiac arrhythmias and treat them quickly.

External defibrillators
External defibrillators are often used in hospitals and ambulances. They are now also being used outside of medical environments more as automated external defibrillators (see below) become safer and cheaper. There are many different types of external defibrillators, and progress in cardiac research has led to big improvements in the underlying technology.

Biphasic defibrillation
Until the 1990s, external defibrillators relied on monophasic (one phase) shock waves. Electrical pulses are quickly sent from one electrode to the other in one direction.

Biphasic (two phases) defibrillation, however, changes the direction of the pulses. It completes one cycle in approximately 10 milliseconds. This means less energy is needed for successful defibrillation. That means less risk of burns and other damage. The small capacitor (battery) size required for the defibrillator can result in large cost and size savings.

Automated external defibrillators

An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a self-contained defibrillator device designed to be movable, and easy and simple to use. They are often shaped like briefcases so that they can be carried by a handle. An AED contains a battery, a control computer, and electrodes. When the electrodes are stuck onto the patient, the control computer will assess the patient, checking the rhythm of their heart. It will then charge itself to an appropriate power level and tell users that the person needs to be shocked. If the patient does not need to be defibrillated, the automated external defibrillator will not allow a shock to be administered. A button must still be pushed manually to trigger the shock, as the operator beforehand must be certain that nobody is touching the patient. Often, automated external defibrillators will have speakers which give instructions when they are opened.

Current automated external defibrillator devices are designed for emergency medical technicians, home users, police and security officers and other people with minimal medical knowledge. These devices are commonly found in large gathering places, such as airports, casinos, sports stadiums, and college campuses.

Electrode design
The electrode is the part of the defibrillator that gives off the shock.

The most well-known type of electrode is the traditional metal paddle with an insulated handle. This type must be held in place on the patient's skin while shocks are delivered. Before the paddles are used, gel must be applied to the patient's skin so that there is a good connection and to minimise electrical resistance.

Another type of resuscitation electrode is designed as an adhesive pad which can be stuck onto the skin of a patient. These electrodes are left connected to a defibrillator. If defibrillation is required, the machine is charged, and the shock is delivered, without any need to apply any gel or to retrieve and place any paddles.

Both solid- and wet-gel adhesive electrodes are available. Solid-gel electrodes are more convenient, because there is no need to clean the patient's skin after removing the electrodes. However, the use of solid-gel electrodes presents a higher risk of burns during defibrillation, since wet-gel electrodes more evenly conduct electricity into the body.

Popular culture references
Defibrillators are often depicted in movies, television, video games and other fictional media. This is because it can quickly produce dramatic improvements in patient health. Their function, however, is often exaggerated.

Medical providers are often shown defibrillating patients with a "flat-line" ECG rhythm (also known as asystole); this is not done in real life as the heart is not restarted by the defibrillator itself.

Related pages
 Defibrillation

Cardiology
Emergency medicine

Defibrillator