Advanced measurement approach (AMA) is one of three possible operational risk methods that can be used under Basel II by a bank or other financial institution.  The other two are the Basic Indicator Approach and the Standardised Approach.  The methods (or approaches) increase in sophistication and risk sensitivity with AMA being the most advanced of the three.

Under AMA the banks are allowed to develop their own empirical model to quantify required capital for operational risk. Banks can use this approach only subject to approval from their local regulators. Once a bank has been approved to adopt AMA, it cannot revert to a simpler approach without supervisory approval.

Also, according to section 664 of original Basel Accord, in order to qualify for use of the AMA a bank must satisfy its supervisor that, at a minimum:

Its board of directors and senior management, as appropriate, are actively involved in the oversight of the operational risk management framework;
It has an operational risk management system that is conceptually sound and is implemented with integrity; and
It has sufficient resources in the use of the approach in the major business lines as well as the control and audit areas.

The four data elements
According to the BCBS Supervisory Guidelines, an AMA framework must include the use of four data elements: (i) Internal loss data (ILD), (ii) External data (ED), (iii) Scenario analysis (SBA), and (iv) Business environment and internal control factors (BEICFs).

Loss distribution approach

While AMA does not specify the use of any particular modeling technique, one of the most common approaches taken in the banking industry is the loss distribution approach (LDA). With LDA, a bank first segments operational losses into homogeneous segments, called units of measure (UoMs). For each unit of measure, the bank then constructs a loss distribution that represents its expectation of total losses that can materialize in a one-year horizon. Given that data sufficiency is a major challenge for the industry, annual loss distribution cannot be built directly using annual loss figures. Instead, a bank will develop a  frequency distribution that describes the number of loss events in a given year, and a severity distribution that describes the loss amount of a single loss event. The frequency and severity distributions are assumed to be independent. The convolution of these two distributions then give rise to the (annual) loss distribution.

See also
Basel II
Basic indicator approach
Operational risk
Standardized approach (operational risk)

References

BIS publications
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbsca.htm Basel II: Revised international capital framework (BCBS)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs107.htm Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework (BCBS)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs118.htm Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework (BCBS) (November 2005 Revision)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128.pdf Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Revised Framework, Comprehensive Version (BCBS) (June 2006 Revision)
http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs196.htm Operational Risk - Supervisory Guidelines for the Advanced Measurement Approaches - final document (BCBS) (June 2011 Revision)

Basel II
Capital requirement
Operational risk
Management cybernetics

Advanced measurement approach


A wax tablet is a tablet made of wood and covered with a layer of wax, often linked loosely to a cover tablet, as a "double-leaved"  diptych.  It was used as a reusable and portable  writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Cicero's letters make passing reference to the use of cerae, and some examples of wax-tablets have been preserved in waterlogged deposits in the Roman fort at Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall. Medieval wax tablet books are on display in several European museums.

Writing on the wax surface was performed with a pointed instrument, a stylus.  A straight-edged spatula-like implement (often placed on the opposite end of the stylus tip) would be used as an eraser. The modern expression of "a clean slate" equates to the Latin expression "tabula rasa".

Wax tablets were used for a variety of purposes, from taking down students' or secretaries' notes to recording business accounts.  Early forms of shorthand were used too.

Use in antiquity

The earliest surviving exemplar of a boxwood writing tablet with an ivory hinge was among the finds recovered from the 14th-century BC Uluburun Shipwreck near Kaş in modern Turkey in 1986.  This find further confirmed that the reference to writing tablets in Homer was far from anachronistic.
An archaeological discovery in 1979 in Durrës, Albania found two wax tablets made of ivory in a grave believed to belong to a money lender from the 2nd century AD.

The Greeks probably started using the folding pair of wax tablets, along with the leather scroll in the mid-8th century BC. Liddell & Scott, 1925 edition gives the etymology of the word for the writing-tablet, deltos (δέλτος), from the letter delta (Δ) based on ancient Greek and Roman authors and scripts, due to the shape of tablets to account for it. An alternative theory  holds that it has retained its Semitic designation, daltu, which originally signified "door" but was being used for writing tablets in Ugarit in the 13th century BC. In Hebrew the term evolved into daleth.

In the first millennium BC writing tablets were in use in Mesopotamia as well as Syria and Palestine. A carved stone panel dating to between 640-615 BC that was excavated from the South-West Palace of the Assyrian ruler Sennacherib, at Nineveh in Iraq (British Museum, ME 124955) depicts two figures, one clearly clasping a scroll and the other bearing what is thought to be an open diptych. Berthe van Regemorter identified a similar figure in the Neo-Hittite Stela of Tarhunpiyas (Musée du Louvre, AO 1922.), dating to the late 8th century BC, who is seen holding what may be a form of tablature with a unique button closure. Writing tablets of ivory were found in the ruins of Sargon's palace in Nimrud. Margaret Howard surmised that these tablets might have once been connected together using an ingenious hinging system with cut pieces of leather resembling the letter "H" inserted into slots along the edges to form a concertina structure.

Use in medieval to modern times

Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1054), a monk and mathematician, used wax tablets "He had requested that his disciple, Berthold of Reichenau, should take wax tablets on which his writings were recorded and have these made into manuscripts. "

Hériman of Tournai (1095—1147), a monk at the abbey of St Martin of Tournai, wrote "I even wrote down a certain amount on tablets".

An example of a wax tablet book are the servitude records which the hospital of Austria's oldest city, Enns, established in 1500. Ten wooden plates, sized 375 x 207 mm (14.76 x 8.15 inches) and arranged in a 90 mm (3.54 inch) stack, are each divided into two halves along their long axis. The annual payables due are written on parchment or paper glued to the left sides. Payables received were recorded for deduction (and subsequently erased) on the respective right sides, which are covered with brownish-black writing wax. The material is based on beeswax, and contains 5-10% plant oils and carbon pigments; its melting point is about 65 °C. This volume is the continuation of an earlier one, which was begun in 1447.

Wax tablets were used for high-volume business records of transient importance until the 19th century. For instance, the salt mining authority at Schwäbisch Hall employed wax records until 1812. The fish market in Rouen used them even until the 1860s, where their construction and use had been well documented in 1849.

References

Further reading

 Galling, K., 1971. "Tafel, Buch und Blatt" in Near Eastern Studies in Honour of W. F. Albright (Baltimore), pp 207–23.

Writing media
Manuscripts by type

Wax tablet


Kevin Foster (born 1958/1959) is an English investment fraudster, convicted of 14 counts of deception and theft in relation to his operation of a £34m (approx $51m) Ponzi scheme, which ran from 2002 to 2004.

By the time Foster was stopped, police discovered his scheme, originally called KF Concept but later renamed to Phase 9, had taken money from 8,500 investors, mainly drawn in through his series of flamboyant roadshows across the UK.

In 2010, Foster was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, though that was reduced to 9 years on appeal after several convictions were overturned.

Trial and conviction

On 9 March 2010, Kevin Foster was convicted at Harrow Crown Court in northwest London, following a seven-week trial which began on 18 January 2010.

Foster faced 8 charges under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and 8 offences under the Theft Act 1968. The jury found him guilty on 14 of the charges, but acquitted him of one theft charge in relation to £220,000 of cash found at his home, and failed to reach a verdict on another relating to a Ferrari Spyder he owned.

On 16 April 2010 Foster was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. At the sentencing hearing, Judge Nick Madge described the fraud as being "a substantial and deliberate course of conduct that was sophisticated and elaborate".

At appeal, on 31 March 2011, Foster's theft convictions were ruled unsafe and overturned, and his sentence was reduced to 9 years.

History

Foster's investing career started in 2001 with a football betting scheme, taking stakes from his colleagues, promising them a fivefold return on their money, and encouraging participants to roll over their winnings and invest further in his next scheme. From there, he expanded his scheme, named it KF Concept in 2002, and launched a series of roadshows in England, Wales and Scotland.

The roadshows were flamboyant, with Foster appearing on stage backed by music, often ABBA's Money, Money, Money, presenting himself as a gambling expert who could deliver great profits to his investors from betting on soccer and horse racing. Foster claimed that for every £1 invested, he was earning £28.50, that he had already recruited 50,000 members, and that the scheme held assets of £203m.

The highlight of Foster's presentations came when previous investors' names were drawn by lottery, with the lucky winners being paid their promised returns early, in front of the crowd. Further prizes included cars, and even the loan of Foster's Ferrari.

This show of money satisfied the doubts of many investors, who weren't aware that, in classic Ponzi style, it was being paid out of new investors' deposits rather than from any profits from the scheme. At least 8,000 people were drawn in, investing a minimum of £1,000, with an estimated average of £4,200 each.

In 2003, Foster dropped the name KF Concept after negative publicity, renaming the scheme Phase 9.

Investigation

In January 2004, the Kent Police, together with the Financial Services Authority, investigated Foster's investment affairs, and the following month halted his activities, discovering that by that time he had collected a total of £34m from more than 8,500 investors. The money that Foster had claimed his scheme controlled was not there, and he had made no profits from any gambling activities. A freezing order was obtained, and Foster was declared bankrupt, with his investors losing everything.

The case was referred to the Serious Fraud Office, who, after investigations, charged Foster in May 2007, leading to 2010's trial and conviction.

During the course of the investigation, it was found that £12m of the money raised had been channeled into an illegal pyramid investing scheme, Planline, thought to be based in the Cayman Islands, of which only £1,703 was ever recovered.

It was also discovered that Foster had used large sums from the scheme to fund an extravagant lifestyle, buying a £600,000 farmhouse near Sittingbourne, Kent, which he stocked with exotic animals and where he installed Koi carp ponds. A further £700,000 was spent on cars, and it was estimated that Foster had withdrawn £3m in cash.

Victims

Foster mainly targeted low-income people in small, close-knit, communities, many of which were in the valleys of South Wales. Most investors lost relatively small sums, but some lost considerable amounts, including one investor (who chose not to be identified) who lost £180,000, which he had raised by mortgaging his house and borrowing on his credit cards.

See also
 Pyramid scheme
 Affinity fraud
 List of real-life con artists
 List of people from Kent

References

English fraudsters
Confidence tricksters
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
1950s births
British people convicted of theft
Living people
People from Doddington, Kent
People from Sittingbourne
Criminals from Kent
21st-century English criminals

Kevin Foster (fraudster)


The Sudetenland was a mountainous area of Czechoslovakia. The name comes from the Sudetes, a mountain range, but it was also used for other places in Bohemia in which mostly-German people lived. They wanted their homes to be part of Germany, not Czechoslovakia. Nazi Germany took small parts of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in September 1938.  After the Munich Agreement, they took the rest of Sudetenland, which contributed to the start of World War II.

Other websites
 WW2DB: Annexation of Sudetenland

History of Germany
Geography of the Czech Republic

Sudetenland


Muktidham is a marble temple complex honouring various Hindu gods. It is a popular tourist attraction situated in the Nashik Road suburb of the city of Nashik in the State of Maharashtra in India. It is privately operated through a trust and was built through a generous donation by the late Mr. J.D. Chauhan-Bytco, a local industrialist. The temple was founded in the year 1971.

It has replicas of 12 Jyotirlingas, which have been built as per dimension of original deities and have been sanctified by sending them to their respective pilgrimage centers.

Further, there is a temple dedicated to Lord Krishna in the Muktidham complex. The walls of Krishna temple has paintings depicting scenes from life of Krishna and Mahabharata. These were painted by a noted painter Raghubir Mulgaonkar, whose services were employed by the founder of Muktidham, Jairambhai Chauhan. Also unique to this temple are eighteen chapters of Geeta written on the walls.

The temple is made with marble from Makrana in Rajasthan, and by Rajasthani sculptors.

Apart from the replicas of all the twelve Jyotirlingas, temple of Sri Krishna there are also idols of all major Hindu Gods and Goddesses like Vishnu, Laxmi Rama, Laxman, Sita, Hanuman, Durga, Ganesha.

Muktidham is amongst the tourist attraction of town. Thousands of Hindu devotees visit Muktidham Temple during Kumbh Mela.

Further, the complex also houses a dharamshala, which can accommodate at least 200 pilgrims.

References

Hindu temples in Maharashtra
Tourist attractions in Nashik
1971 establishments in Maharashtra
Shiva temples in Maharashtra
Krishna temples
Vishnu temples
Durga temples

Muktidham


Neal Hirsh Ulevich (born June 18, 1946) is an American photographer. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1977 for "photographs of disorder and brutality in the streets of Bangkok".

Life
Ulevich was born and raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he attended public and private schools before enrolling at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he graduated in 1968 with a BA degree in Journalism. While there, he began a career-long association with Associated Press, first as a campus correspondent, later as part-time staff. Ulevich developed a strong interest in China while a student, a fascination that determined the direction of his career.

After graduation, he worked for AP as a writer in St. Louis, Missouri, before resigning to study Chinese in Hong Kong. In 1970 friends and associates in journalism urged him to travel to Indochina to witness the U.S. incursion into Cambodia, assuring him the cross-border operation would herald "the last two weeks of the war".

The advice was premature. Ulevich witnessed the last two weeks of the Indochina war in April, 1975. During the interim he freelanced as both writer and photojournalist and rejoined AP in the Saigon, Vietnam, bureau. He returned to the University of Wisconsin-Madison on a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship in journalism, later resuming his AP work in Saigon. He covered the chaotic evacuation from Saigon at war's end, departing by helicopter from the roof of the U.S. embassy.

An AP assignment to Bangkok followed. A worsening political situation in 1976 culminated in violent confrontation at Thammasat University in the Thai capital. There he captured images that won the 1977 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography.

After leaving Thailand, Ulevich worked for AP as Asia Photo Editor in Tokyo and as photojournalist in Beijing. He returned to Tokyo in 1988 to supervise AP's electronic communications for Asia.

Ulevich returned to the United States in 1990. He retired from AP to resume freelance photography in 2002. He lives in Thornton, Colorado, a suburb of Denver.

Awards
 1985 World Press Photo, 3rd Prize, Arts and Entertainment
 1977 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
 1976 World Press Photo, 3rd Prize, Spot News

Works
"Hanged student outside the Thammasat" World Press Photo Spot News, 3rd prize, 1976

References

External links

"Noise at the Edge of Silence" - Wisconsin Alumni Association

Artists from Madison, Wisconsin
American photographers
Photography in Vietnam
Pulitzer Prize for Photography winners
University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication alumni
1942 births
Living people
People from Thornton, Colorado
University School of Milwaukee alumni

Neal Ulevich


Francesc Eiximenis (born in Girona around 1330 - died in Perpinyà around 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan writer. He lived in the Crown of Aragon in the 14th century. He was possibly one of the most important medieval Catalan writers. His works were read, copied, published and translated in many places. He had a strong influence in literacy and politics. People like the kings of the Crown of Aragon Peter IV, John I and Martin I, the queen Maria de Luna and the Pope of Avignon Benedict XIII read the works of Eiximenis.

References

Franciscans
People from Catalonia
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown

Francesc Eiximenis


Stadtmobil is a carsharing company in Germany, actually a group of seven regional companies with a common brand, common marketing, common website, reservation system, and common development of software and car access technology.

The group was formed in 1999 by carsharing companies in Karlsruhe, the Rhine-Neckar Region and Stuttgart. The group was later joined by a company in Hanover. The regional companies in the Rhein-Main Region (around Frankfurt), Berlin and the Rhine-Ruhr Agglomeration were created out of the group. Stadtmobil is a member of Bundesverband CarSharing e.V. (bcs), the industry association of the traditional car sharing organisations in Germany.

Stadtmobil is the largest car sharing organisation among the bcs members with 1,800 cars at about 800 stations and 38,000 subscribers. Stadtmobil claims to be the market leader of car sharing in Germany, based on achieving a turnover of 10 million euros in 2010 with 1500 cars.

The seven Stadtmobil regional companies offer their own tariffs, charging per hour and per kilometer, according to car type from "mini" to "comfort" and "bus" or "transporter". Different tariff models are offered with a low monthly subscription rate but higher usage fares vs. higher monthly subscription rate with lower usage fares. In some regions like Rhein-Main, Stadtmobil also offers a special tariff for holders of a year pass of the regional public transit authority.

Stadtmobil cooperates with Cambio CarSharing and five other local car sharing organisations offering cross-booking of cars at stations of the other companies using their respective user-id and access card from their "home" organisation at stations and cars at the other organization. The local tariffs of the "home" organization apply and the charges are invoiced from the "home" organisation.

The cars are located at fixed locations where they are to be picked up and placed back. Access to the cars is either via key boxes or directly via computers in the cars. RFID cards serve to open the key boxes or car doors. Holders of a RFID based year pass of the Rhein-Main Verkehrsverbund shall soon be able to use this card to get access to car or car key.

While car wash and maintenance are done by Stadtmobil employees, customers are asked to keep the cars clean and to fill the fuel tank at the pump when the gauge indicates that the tank is less than a quarter full. A fuel card is in the car and allows buying fuel without cash at the stations of some designated fuel brands. The car won't start up without the fuel card plugged in the card reader of the car computer.

References

External links

Transport companies established in 1999
Carsharing
Transport operators of Germany
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Companies based in Karlsruhe
1999 establishments in Germany

Stadtmobil


Allspice, also known as Jamaica pepper, myrtle pepper, pimenta, or pimento, is the dried unripe berry of Pimenta dioica, a midcanopy tree native to the Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, and Central America, now cultivated in many warm parts of the world. The name allspice was coined as early as 1621 by the English, who valued it as a spice that combined the flavours of cinnamon, nutmeg, and clove.

Several unrelated fragrant shrubs are called "Carolina allspice" (Calycanthus floridus), "Japanese allspice" (Chimonanthus praecox), or "wild allspice" (Lindera benzoin).

Production

Allspice is the dried fruit of the Pimenta dioica plant. The fruits are picked when green and unripe, and are traditionally dried in the sun. When dry, they are brown and resemble large, smooth peppercorns. Fresh leaves are similar in texture to bay leaves and similarly used in cooking. Leaves and wood are often used for smoking meats where allspice is a local crop.

Care must be taken during drying to ensure that volatile oil, such as eugenol, remains in the end products.

Uses

Allspice is one of the most important ingredients of Jamaican Cuisine. Under the name pimento, it is used in Jamaican jerk seasoning, and traditionally its wood was used to smoke jerk in Jamaica. In the West Indies, an allspice liqueur is produced under the name "pimento dram". In Mexican cuisine, it is used in many dishes.

Allspice is also indispensable in Middle Eastern cuisine, particularly in the Levant, where it is used to flavour a variety of stews and meat dishes, as well as tomato sauce. In Arab cuisine, for example, many main dishes use allspice as the only spice.

In Northern European and North American cooking, it is an ingredient in commercial sausage preparations and curry powders, and in pickling.

In the United States, it is used mostly in desserts, but it is also responsible for giving Cincinnati-style chili its distinctive aroma and flavor. Allspice is commonly used in Great Britain, and appears in many dishes. In Portugal, whole allspice is used heavily in traditional stews cooked in large terracotta pots in the Azores islands.

Allspice is also one of the most used spices in Polish cuisine (used in most dishes, soups and stews) and is commonly known under the name English herb () since Britain was its major exporter.

Allspice is an important part of Swedish and Finnish cuisine. Whole allspice is used to flavour soups as well as stews such as Karelian hot pot. Ground allspice is also used in various dishes, such as minced meat sauces, Swedish meatballs, lutefisk and different cakes.

Cultivation, trade and Origin

The allspice tree, classified as an evergreen shrub, can reach  in height. Allspice can be a small, scrubby tree, quite similar to the bay laurel in size and form. It can also be a tall canopy tree, sometimes grown to provide shade for coffee trees planted underneath it. It can be grown outdoors in the tropics and subtropics with normal garden soil and watering. Smaller plants can be killed by frost; larger plants are more tolerant. It adapts well to container culture and can be kept as a houseplant or in a greenhouse.

Christopher Columbus became aware of allspice on his second New World voyage, and the plant soon became part of European diets. At the time, it was found only on the island of Jamaica, where birds readily spread the seeds.  To protect the pimenta trade, Jamaican growers guarded against export of the plant. Many attempts at growing the pimenta from seeds were reported, but all failed. Eventually, passage through the avian digestive tract, whether due to the acidity or the elevated temperature, was found to be essential for germinating the seeds, and successful germination elsewhere was enabled. Today, pimenta grows in Tonga and in Hawaii, where it has become naturalized on Kauai and Maui. Jamaica remains the leading source of the plant, although some is grown by other countries in the same region.

See also
 Mixed spice

Notes

References

External links

Pimenta (genus)
Spices
Medicinal plants of Central America
Trees of Belize
Flora of Cuba
Flora of El Salvador
Flora of Guatemala
Flora of Honduras
Flora of Jamaica
Flora of Mexico
Flora of Nicaragua
Non-timber forest products
Crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America

fr:Quatre-épices

Allspice


This Honda Today wis a kei caur produced bi the Japanese automaker Honda beginnin in 1985. Its production endit in 1998.

History

Early
The first generation Today wis introduced in September 1985 as a three-door hatchback, on a wheelbase o 2,330 mm (91.7 in). The Today wis initially launcht wi three different model specifications, wi the entry model bein model 'F', followed bi a model 'M' an the tap o the range 'G'.  It wis powered bi a 2-cylinder (watter-cooled) Honda EH series OHC 545 cc ingine, which wis the same as uised in the Acty truck. In a mercat whaur three-cylinder engines war the norm, it wis outdated an wis replaced bi a three-cylinder fower-valve 547 cc bi Februar 1988. The rear axle wis a torsion beam wi coil springs. Thegither wi the new regulations in Mairch, 1990 the bumpers war enlarged tae gie the car a lenth o 3,295 mm (129.7 in), an the ingine wis enlairged tae 656 cc. Bi Aprile 1990 came a permanent fower-wheel drive version wi an independent rear axle.

In Januar 1993, a redesigned Honda Today wis annoonced. The car did no hae a hatchback; in its place wis a trunk lid that opened dounwards lik the 1991 Civic three-door (the Today's rear windae daes no open). The interior is no symmetrical: the driver's seat is slichtly lairger than the front passenger seat. Thir features wur decidit on efter research indicatit that the caur's target audience wur maistly single yung weemen who aften drove alane, wi little need for cargo space. Initially ae available as a twa-door, in Mey 1993 a fower-door version wis addit, named the Today Associe.

The 1993 Today wis available wi twa ingines, a standard 657 cc three-cylinder fuel injection ingine, an a hicht ootput version o the same ingine wi MTREC technology, borrowed frae the Honda Beat. Baith ingines wur available wi aither a five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic gearbox. Aw wheel drive (uisin realtime 4WD technology) wis available wi the Q trim level.

For the Today's early-1996 facelift, Honda eliminatit the pickup-style rear door, an replaced it wi a proper hatchback door. This necessitatit some redesign in the rear end, acause the rear windae haed oreeginally wrapt aroond tae the sides.

End
In licht o the Suzuki Wagon R's success, Honda an' a' devised a minivan-esque kei caur cawed the Honda Life. The first Honda Life launcht in 1997. When the kei caur regulations chynged in October 1998, necessitatin a redesign, the Life received a redesign, while the Today wis axt for guid.

Media appearances
The Honda Today featurt frequently in Kōsuke Fujishima's anime an manga "You're Under Arrest!" as the main transport for the lead chairacters. The vehicle featurt wis a hichtlie personalized police mini patrol caur wi nitrous oxide, turbo an various ither modifications.

Today
Kei caurs
Vehicles introduced in 1985

Honda Today


Daniel Donald Joseph (March 26, 1929 – May 24, 2011) was an American mechanical engineer. He was the Regents Professor Emeritus and Russell J. Penrose Professor Emeritus of Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota. He was widely known for his research in fluid dynamics.

Academic career
Joseph received his Masters in Sociology from the University of Chicago in 1950. He received his B.S. (1959), M.S. (1960), and Ph.D. (1963) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology. Joseph started his academic career as an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1962. In the following year he joined University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics. He was named full Professor in 1968.

Joseph's interests included stability of fluid flow, irrotational motions of viscous and viscoelastic fluids, and direct numerical simulations of solid–liquid flows. He has been listed as an ISI Highly Cited Author in Engineering by the ISI Web of Knowledge, Thomson Scientific Company.

Honors and awards
G. I. Taylor Medal, Society of Engineering Science, 1990
Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 1990
Member of the National Academy of Sciences, 1991
Bingham Medal of the Society of Rheology, 1993
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993
Timoshenko Medal, 1995
Fluid Dynamics Prize, American Physical Society, 1999

Books authored
 Joseph, D. D., Stability of Fluid Motions, I and II, Springer-Verlag, New York (1976).
 Joseph, D. D. and Y. Renardy, Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics. Part 1: Mathematical Theory and Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York (1993).
 Joseph, D. D. and Y. Renardy, Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part 2: Lubricated Transport, Drops and Miscible Liquids, Springer-Verlag, New York (1993).
 Joseph, D. D., Elementary Stability and Bifurcation Theory, 2nd ed., Springer (1997).
 Joseph, D. D., Fluid Dynamics of Viscoelastic Liquids, Springer (2007).
 Joseph, D. D., Funada, T., and Wang, J., Potential Flows of Viscous and Viscoelastic Liquids, Cambridge University Press (2007).

References

1929 births
2011 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fluid dynamicists
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Chicago alumni
University of Minnesota faculty

Daniel D. Joseph


The Americas (or America) are lands in the Western Hemisphere that are also known as the New World. Comprising the continents of North America and South America, along with their associated islands, they cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area).

Most people consider the countries in Central America to be part of North America instead of South America.

While the word American is usually used to mean a person or a thing from the United States, the most populated country in the Americas, sometimes people and things from anywhere in the Americas are called "American".

The Americas, or America, were discovered by Europeans in the late 15th century during the Age of Exploration. Christopher Columbus, sailing for Spain, reached the Caribbean islands in 1492, starting the connection between the Old World and the New World. After that, Europeans explored and settled in the Americas.

In the 16th century, powerful empires existed in the Americas. The Aztec Empire ruled central Mexico, and the Inca Empire controlled much of western South America. But when European colonizers arrived, conflicts happened, and these empires eventually fell.

During the next centuries, countries like Spain, Portugal, France, and England created colonies in different parts of the Americas. This led to changes in cultures, introduction of new diseases, and negative effects on native people.

In the 19th century, many American countries became independent from European rule. The American Revolution (1775-1783) led to the United States forming, and leaders like Simón Bolívar helped South American countries gain independence.

Over time, the Americas experienced important events like westward expansion in the U.S., the Mexican-American War, the Mexican Revolution, and the Cuban Revolution. The continent played a big role in World Wars and the Cold War too.

Today, the Americas have diverse cultures, languages, and traditions due to their history of interactions between indigenous people, European settlers, and immigrants from around the world.

Related pages
 History of the Americas

References

Other websites
 Organization of American States

Americas


Gjon Mili (November 28, 1904 – February 14, 1984) was an Albanian photographer from Korçë who developed his profession in America, best known for his work published in Life, in which he photographed artists such as Pablo Picasso.

Biography
Gjon Mili was born to Vasil Mili and Viktori Cekani in Korçë, in the Manastir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire (present-day Albania). Mili spent his childhood in Romania, attending Gheorghe Lazăr National College in Bucharest, and migrating to the United States in 1923. In 1939, Mili started to work as a photographer for Life (a position he held until he died in 1984). Over the years his assignments took him to the Riviera (Picasso); to Prades, France (Pau Casals in exile); to Israel (Adolf Eichmann in captivity); to Florence, Athens, Dublin, Berlin, Venice, Rome, and to Hollywood to photograph celebrities and artists, sports events, concerts, sculptures and architecture.

Working with Harold Eugene Edgerton of MIT, Gjon Mili was a pioneer in the use of stroboscopic instruments to capture a sequence of actions in one photograph. Trained as an engineer and self-taught in photography, Gjon Mili was one of the first to use electronic flash and stroboscopic light to create photographs that had more than scientific interest. Many of his images revealed the intricacy and flow of movement too rapid or complex for the naked eye to discern. In the mid-1940s, he was an assistant to the photographer Edward Weston.

In 1944, he directed the short film Jammin' the Blues, which was made at Warner Bros., and features performances by Lester Young, Red Callender, Harry Edison, "Big" Sid Catlett, Illinois Jacquet, Barney Kessel, Jo Jones and Marie Bryant. Mili did not serve as cinematographer for the film (Robert Burks did) but the film used multiplied images that in many ways recall the multi-image still-frames done with the strobe. The imaginative use of the camera makes this film a minor landmark in the way that musicians have been filmed.

Over the course of more than four decades, thousands of his pictures were published by Life as well as other publications.

Mili died of pneumonia in Stamford, Connecticut, at the age of 79.

References

External links

Gjon Mili photographs at Time magazine

1904 births
1984 deaths
People from Korçë
People from Manastir vilayet
Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
Albanian photographers
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to Romania
Romanian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American photographers
Jazz photographers
Deaths from pneumonia in Connecticut

Gjon Mili


Michele Stefano de Rossi (30 October 1834, Rome – 23 October 1898, Rocca di Papa) was an Italian seismologist. He was a younger brother to archaeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi (1822–1894).

He received his education at the University of Rome, and during his subsequent career conducted research in the fields of archaeology, paleontology, geology, vulcanology and seismology. He studied the topography of catacombs, and collaborated with his brother on La Roma sotterranea cristiana (1864–1877).

In the 1870s he developed a seismic scale to reflect varying levels of earthquake intensity. Meanwhile, in Switzerland, independent of Rossi, limnologist François-Alphonse Forel (1841–1912) created a similar seismic scale. When the two scientists became aware of each other's work, a combined effort resulted in the Rossi–Forel scale for determining the intensity of earthquakes.

In 1874 he founded the Bullettino del Vulcanismo Italiano, a journal dedicated to the study of volcanoes and earthquakes.

Publications
 Dell'ampiezza delle romane catacombe e d'una machina icnografica ed ortografica per rilevarne le piante ed i livelli, 1860
 Scoperte paleoetnologiche in Castel Ceriolo presso Alessandria, 1868
 Nuove scoperte nella necropoli arcaica Albana e l'aes grave fra le rocce vulcaniche laziali, 1871
 La meteorologia endogena, 1879–82
 Programma dell' Osservatorio et archivio geodinamico presso il R. Comitato geologico d'Italia con istruzioni per le osservazioni, 1883.

References
 Mommsen Lettere (biographical information)

Seismologists
Italian volcanologists
Scientists from Rome
19th-century Italian geologists
1834 births
1898 deaths

Michele Stefano de Rossi


Sexy Beast is a 2000 Anglo-Spanish crime thriller movie. It was written by Louis Mellis, produced by Jeremy Thomas and directed by Jonathan Glazer. It stars Ray Winstone, Amanda Redman, Ben Kingsley, Ian McShane and James Fox. Winstone plays robber Gal Dove who has quit his life of crime in London and has retired with his ex-porn star wife Deedee (played by Redman) to Spain. Kingsley plays a sociopathic gang member and McShane plays a gang boss. The pair coerce Dove to go back to London to commit another robbery with them. Fox plays a bisexual banker.

Other websites

2000 crime movies
2000 thriller movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s LGBT movies
20th Century Fox movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
British crime movies
British thriller movies
British LGBT movies
English-language movies
Gangster movies
Heist movies
LGBT crime movies
LGBT thriller movies
Movies set in London
Spanish crime movies
Spanish thriller movies
Spanish LGBT movies

Sexy Beast


identifies the modernist arts, culture, and lifestyle that developed from the region of Japan centered primarily on the Hanshinkan conurbation between Osaka and Kobe, the ideally terrained area between the Rokkō Range and the sea (Kobe's Nada and Higashi Nada wards, Ashiya, Takarazuka, Nishinomiya, Itami, Amagasaki, Sanda, and Kawanishi) from the 1900s through the 1930s, or the circumstances of that period.

Accompanying the suburbanization of the Osaka Bay area, which continued to grow after 1923 in contrast to the Tokyo Bay area where the spread of urbanization was temporarily suspended due to the Great Kantō earthquake, the Hanshinkan Modernism cultural sphere spread to Ikeda, Minoh, and Toyonaka in Osaka Prefecture, and to Kobe's Suma and Tarumi wards.

Meaning

"Hanshinkan Modernism" is a concept of regional cultural history that came to be used in works like Lifestyle and Urban Culture: Hanshinkan Modernism Light and Shadow

and events like the Hanshinkan Modernism exhibition
.

It has become the subject of study for the dawning in this region of cultural phenomena related to the 77-years process of Japan's prewar modernization from the Meiji Restoration to the end of World War II, excluding the postwar reconstruction, rapid economic miracle, bubble economy, etc. occurrences of contemporary postwar Japan.

History

Following the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), Osaka became Japan's largest economic center, and Kobe developed into the largest port city in the Orient. However, due to the industrial expansion of both cities the living conditions in urban areas deteriorated.

At the same time, emulating the example of the United States, the Kinki Region experienced a boom in construction of interurban railway lines. Starting with Hanshin Electric Railway's Main Line (opened in 1905), and continuing with Minoh Arima Electric Railway (later the Hankyū Takarazuka Main Line) (opened in 1910), Hanshin Express Electric Railway's Kōbe Main Line (opened in 1920), and others, the opening of rail lines attracted attention to the undeveloped agricultural areas on the outskirts of Kobe/Hokusetsu, and the development of suburban residential areas aimed at creating a comfortable living environment progressed in areas surrounding the rail lines on the naturally beautiful southern slope of Mount Rokkō, the so-called Hanshinkan area. The urban and cultural development of this area is inseparable from Kansai private railway capital.

First, during the Meiji Period wealthy merchants in the Keihanshin region built luxurious mansions one after the other in the vicinity of Sumiyoshi village (current Higashi Nada ward in Kobe). Development of this area made an opportunity for its expansion from the Taisho Period as a residential area not just for industrialists but also for the then rising college-educated white collar intelligentsia, the non-property-owning middle class. Once the cultural and economic environment was in place, many artists and persons of culture relocated to the area, and hotels and amusement facilities offering a variety of cultural, educational, and social spaces were constructed, forming a major resort area in the one-time vacation home area on the top of Mount Rokko and in the lushly green towns at its base to cater to these wealthy so-called "Bourgeoisie". Then, under the influence of Western culture, these unique lifestyles of enjoyment were born. These have had a great influence on Japanese art, culture, education, food, such as cookies, amusement, and lifestyles to this day. Even today, the area is one of Japan's leading exclusive, brand-name residential areas.

The influence of Hanshinkan Modernism can be seen in Japanese contemporary construction in the Kantō region in Western-style resort facilities and high-class vacation home areas like Karuizawa, and residential suburbs of Tokyo like Den-en-chōfu.

References

See also
 Taisho democracy
 Shōwa Modan

Japanese culture
Modernist architecture in Japan
History of Osaka Prefecture
History of Hyōgo Prefecture
History of art in Japan
Modernism

Hanshinkan Modernism


The Canadian Press (CP; , ) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for the time's Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Press has been a private, not-for-profit cooperative owned and operated by its member newspapers for most of its history. In mid-2010, however, it announced plans to become a for-profit business owned by three media companies once certain conditions were met.

Over the years, The Canadian Press and its affiliates have adapted to reflect changes in the media industry, including technological changes and the growing demand for rapid news updates. It currently offers a wide variety of text, audio, photographic, video, and graphic content to websites, radio, television, and commercial clients in addition to newspapers and its longstanding ally, the Associated Press (AP), a global news service based in the United States.

History
Initially, Canada had only region-based news associations, lacking a national wire service. The Canadian Press was created by an act of Parliament as a news co-operative, with an annual government grant from 1917 to 1924, for the purpose of helping newspapers cover and distribute news across the country. Initially operating as a distribution network, its first editorial staff came on board during World War I to report on the efforts of Canadian soldiers overseas.

During World War I, CP began operating Press News Limited, a radio news subsidiary. In 1944, Press News served 35 of 90 radio stations in Canada, had a five-person staff in Toronto, and an annual budget of . In 1945, CP established a French-language radio news service, the first such wire service for French broadcasters in North America. CP Picture Service was established in 1948, to wire photographs to television stations and newspapers in Canada, instead of the images being mailed via the postal service. The Canadian Press operates in both English and French, the latter service being established in 1951 as .

With the arrival of radio and television, The Canadian Press created Broadcast News (BN) in 1954, a subsidiary to deliver text specifically written for broadcasters. On January 1, 1954, BN replaced Press News. The venture operated in co-operation with private broadcasters, and supplied news reports to privately owned radio and television stations in Canada. Charles Edwards was named the first manager and secretary of BN. In 1956, BN established the first national voice news wire service for broadcasters in Canada, which became BN Voice in 1961, which then served 34 radio stations with national and international news. When Edwards retired in 1971, BN had grown to serve 298 radio and television stations in Canada, and increased to 45 staff and a $2-million budget by 1971. In 1979, CP added network newscasts for subscribing stations.

The news agency has a staff of more than 180 journalists in its bureaus across Canada, as well as a correspondent in Washington, DC. It had also operated a bureau in London, England, until 2004, has had reporters covering the Canadian mission in Afghanistan since 2002, and delivers news coverage to the West Indies. With its alliance through the Associated Press, there is now a worldwide exchange of news.

Canadian Press Enterprises Inc. is the entity that was to "take over the operations of the Canadian Press" according to a November 2010 article in the Toronto Star. The new board met for the first time on November 29, 2010 to review the operations of The Canadian Press. As of January 2020, Torstar, The Globe and Mail and Montreal's La Presse continued to be the owners of The Canadian Press.

Operation
Playing an essential role in the development of Canadian identity, The Canadian Press is wholly dependent on leased telegraphic lines in order to send stories back and forth across the country to their vast number of readers.

In addition to providing news to newspapers, radio, and television, The Canadian Press provides online news and photos. Now, almost every daily newspaper in Canada relies on the service brought forth by The Canadian Press. It introduced this online breaking news service in 1996 and now its multimedia content is published by most major Canadian news websites. The Canadian Press launched breaking news video in 2007, with clips produced specifically for websites and wireless services.

On June 30, 2007, CanWest left The Canadian Press cooperative.

In September 2007, The Canadian Press launched a rebranding campaign in an effort to stay competitive, notably in the wake of the pullout by The CanWest Global's newspaper, television and online news outlets (see below). All of its services, including radio networks Broadcast News and Nouvelles télé-radio, were rolled into a single brand: The Canadian Press. The change marked the end of the familiar (CP) service logo.

The Canadian Press also operates the largest online editorial archive of news pictures shot by photojournalists. It was the first in Canada to develop this online archive in 1996 and now it is home to over two million digital images with hundreds of images added each day. These photos appear in newspapers, books and magazines, and online. In addition to news and information, The Canadian Press publishes the Stylebook and Caps and Spelling book, which are considered the chief style guides for Canadian journalists, public relations professionals, editors, and writers of all disciplines.

Through a longstanding partnership, The Canadian Press is the exclusive distributor of the Associated Press (AP) and Associated Press Television News (APTN) material in Canada. The AP is likewise the exclusive distributor of The Canadian Press in the United States and worldwide.

On March 11, 2009, Sun Media announced that it would also be pulling out of the cooperative.

In July 2010, a tentative deal was struck between The Canadian Press' three largest stakeholders, CTVglobemedia, Torstar, and Gesca, to transform the newswire from a co-operative into a for-profit entity. On November 26, 2010, Torstar, The Globe and Mail, and Square Victoria Communications Group announced they have invested in a new for-profit entity, Canadian Press Enterprises Inc., to take over the operations of The Canadian Press. The change in the ownership structure from a non-profit co-operative to a for-profit private business allowed the company to cover its pension needs and take advantage of future business opportunities, Phillip Crawley, publisher of The Globe and Mail, said in an interview, November 26, 2010. The Canadian Press had a serious pension shortfall, which was, in 2010, valued at $34.4 million.

Notable staff
 William Ashbury Buchanan, elected president of The Canadian Press in 1944
 Charles Edwards, The Canadian Press journalist from 1933 to 1944, manager of Press News from 1944 to 1954, manager of Broadcast News from 1954 to 1971
 Jack Sullivan, The Canadian Press sports editor from 1948 to 1975

See also

 Canadian Newsmaker of the Year
 Canadian Press Cable Service
 CNW Group
 Quoi de Neuf

References

External links

1917 establishments in Ontario
Canadian journalism organizations
Former cooperatives of Canada
News agencies based in Canada
Mass media companies established in 1917
Torstar
The Globe and Mail
Power Corporation of Canada
Companies based in Toronto

The Canadian Press


Lathyrus niger, also known as black pea, blackening flat pea and black bitter vetch, is a perennial legume that is native to Europe. Its common name is reference to the blackening of the plant's foliage as it dies.

The seeds of the species are not to be confused with edible 'black peas', which are a form of Pisum sativum. Seeds of Lathyrus species are toxic, containing an enzyme that interferes with collagen synthesis to cause the disease Lathyrism.

Description
Lathyrus niger is a perennial plant with erect, self-supporting stems that grow to . The stems are branched and unwinged and nearly hairless. The leaves are alternate with short winged stalks and narrow stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with four to eight  pairs of narrow elliptical leaflets with sharp tips, entire margins and no tendrils. The underside of the leaflets is bluish-green. The inflorescences grow from the axils and are often one-sided. They have long stems with two to ten red flowers, each  long, turning bluer as they age. Each flower has five sepals and five petals and are irregular. The uppermost petal is known as the "standard", the lateral two as the "wings" and the lowest two are joined to form the "keel". There are ten stamens and a single carpel. The fruit is a long black pod containing up to eight seeds. This plant flowers in June and July.

Distribution and habitat
Lathyrus niger is native to Europe and parts of Asia. Its typical habitat is broad-leaved woodland, forest margins, woodland clearings and plantations.

Ecology
The flowers of Lathyrus niger are pollinated by bees and smaller insects are unable to make their way to the nectar source. The young flowers are red and visited by bees but when they have been pollinated they turn blue and stop producing nectar so the bees go elsewhere. The plant becomes black as the foliage withers at the end of the growing season.

References

niger
Flora of Europe
Flora of Serbia

Lathyrus niger


A stock tie, or stock, is a style of neck wear. Originally a form of neck-cloth that was often stiffened and usually close-fitting, formerly worn by men generally, but post-nineteenth century only in use in military uniforms. Another type of stock is worn by certain clergy and consists of black silk or other fabric, that falls over the chest and is secured by a band around the neck. Equestrians wear a stock tie around the neck when dressed formally for a hunt or certain competitive events. Most equestrian competition rules require it to be white. It is mandated attire for use in dressage and the dressage phase of eventing. Use of the stock tie also is seen in show jumping and fox hunting. The stock tie continues to be in fashion for equestrians.

History
The stock tie was worn by gentlemen as everyday apparel in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It became more of a formal tie in the later nineteenth century. These old stock ties often were black or white. They were made of gauze, fine cotton, or silk. Sometimes the stock tie was starched or otherwise reinforced to be stiff around the neck; with the chin forced up, it was presumed that the wearer would look more important and formal.

Traditionally, the stock tie is used in the hunt field as a safety measure: in case of injury, the tie may be used as a temporary bandage for a horse's leg or a sling for a rider's arm. It also is useful in keeping rain or wind out of the rider's collar. Stock ties often are worn by riders along with a shadbelly.

Some stock ties buckled or hooked up the back, and sometimes had bows or ruffles attached to the front.

Today it is worn with a pin (usually plain and gold, although more elaborate pins also are seen). The pin is stuck through the knot or just below the knot and derives its name from the tie, being called a "stock pin".

See also
 Cravat (early)
 Cravat (modern)
 Stock (military), a leather collar worn by soldiers during the 18th century

References

Rider apparel
19th-century fashion
Neckties
18th-century fashion
Victorian fashion

Stock tie


Roberta Lannes (born December 1948) is an American writer of literary, mystery and horror fiction as well as articles, essays, reviews and poetry.

Lannes was born in Los Angeles, California where her father did financial management for small production companies formed by actors in the entertainment industry. Her early horror fiction often explored family relationships and abuse, and its frequently graphic nature led to Lannes's early involvement in the Splatterpunk movement. Her story "Goodbye Dark Love" is considered a classic in the genre, and her work also paved the way for later female writers of horror fiction. Her later work tends toward the mysterious and the psychological.

Lannes has published more than fifty short stories, often in anthologies edited by British editor Stephen Jones. Her stories have been reprinted in both Year's Best Horror and Fantasy, edited by Ellen Datlow, and Best New Horror, edited by Jones. An up-to-date listing can be found on her official website (see below). South African filmmaker Ian Kerkhof used Lannes's work (as well as that of J.G. Ballard, Henry Rollins, and Charles Manson) in his 1994 movie Ten Monologues From the Lives of Serial Killers.

In 1995, Silver Salamander Press released her first collection, The Mirror of Night. She has also contributed non-fiction essays to such books as Another 100 Best Horror Novels, edited by Stephen Jones and Kim Newman, and she appeared in the ''1996 Horror Writers Calendar".

She is also an accomplished digital artist and photographer who has exhibited in galleries and designed iPhone App splash screens, CD covers for independent and alternative record labels, calendars and greeting cards. Her photography has been published in various magazines, most lately Issue 22 of "JPG Magazine".

Roberta taught secondary school journalism, English, photography, fine and digital art in the William S. Hart Union High School District from 1972 to 2009. Now retired, she is at work on numerous writing projects, graphic design and illustration.

She currently resides in Southern California with her British husband Mark Sealey, a journalist, poet, music critic, and retired senior software engineer for the Getty Museum.

See also
List of horror fiction authors

External links
 Official website 1
 Official website 2
 Scifipedia entry

1948 births
American short story writers
American horror writers
Splatterpunk
Living people

Roberta Lannes


Thomas S. Baldwin Jr. (born October 27, 1966) is the team majority owner of Tommy Baldwin Racing and Competition Director of Rick Ware Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. His father, Tom Baldwin, was a champion modified driver. Baldwin himself briefly pursued a racing career before becoming a mechanic.

Mechanic career
He started as a crew chief in 1997 for the #20 Hardee's Ford for Ranier-Walsh Racing.  After Hardee's was acquired by CKE Restaurants early in the year, the chain's new parent company pulled their sponsorship, forcing the team to shut down.  Baldwin soon became the crew chief for car owner Junie Donlavey and driver Dick Trickle.  After a little over a year with the team, during which the pairing of Trickle & Baldwin garnered the team its first Top 5 finishes in 3 seasons, he moved to Bill Davis Racing as the crew chief for Ward Burton in the Fall of 1998. Burton and Baldwin won four races together, including the 2002 Daytona 500, until his departure late that season. In 2003, Baldwin became the crew chief of the No. 7 Dodge Intrepid for Ultra Motorsports driven by Jimmy Spencer.

After Sirius' departure from the team, Baldwin joined Evernham Motorsports as the crew chief for Kasey Kahne. Kahne won NASCAR Rookie of the Year honors in 2004 with Baldwin, and won his first race with him at Richmond International Raceway the following season. Between 2003 and 2004, Baldwin fielded a Busch Series team with Eddie D'Hondt driven by a variety of drivers, including Wally Dallenbach Jr., Damon Lusk, Tracy Hines, and Paul Wolfe. He sold the team to Evernham following 2004.

After 2005, he joined Robert Yates Racing to work with Elliott Sadler midway through the season, he left to return with BDR.

NASCAR owner
Baldwin announced on January 6, 2009 that he started his own Sprint Cup Series team named Tommy Baldwin Racing, running Toyotas. Scott Riggs was named to pilot the car for the 2009 season. Baldwin's cars for the Daytona 500 were mainly built and assembled by volunteer crew members who were laid off by other race teams affected by the economic crisis. The No. 36 qualified for the race and earned a three-race sponsorship from Red Bank Outfitters and a one-race deal with Mahindra Tractors (which jumped aboard after Mike Skinner failed to qualify). During much of Speedweeks, the car was unsponsored and white.

On May 25, 2009, Riggs announced that he would leave TBR following the Coca-Cola 600 at Lowe's Motor Speedway. Riggs was 42nd in the point standings, with eight starts in the first 12 Sprint Cup races this season. His best finish was 25th, which came at the Daytona 500.

Baldwin immediately announced that Skinner, Patrick Carpentier and Brian Simo would be sharing driving duties in the No. 36 Toyota for the remainder of the 2009 season. Carpentier filled in for Skinner when Camping World Truck Series commitments prevented him from driving in the Cup Series. Simo failed to qualify for both road course events. In September Michael McDowell replaced Carpentier and Robert Richardson ran the November Talladega race. For much of the 2009 season, TBR was a start and park operation, the reason Riggs left the team.

In 2010 Tommy Baldwin Racing hired Mike Bliss to drive car No. 36. Wave Energy Drink returned as sponsor and the team also switched to Chevrolet in 2010. The team later used a number of drivers after Bliss left, including Geoff Bodine, Steve Park, Johnny Sauter, Ron Fellows, Casey Mears, J. J. Yeley, and Dave Blaney. TBR also ran a No. 35 for a handful of races.

For 2011, Baldwin retained Blaney for a full season in the No. 36. The team once again went to Daytona with an unsponsored vehicle, but earned sponsorship from Golden Corral at Daytona after the team made the race. Accell Construction, All Sport, and Big Red also supported the team throughout the season. Blaney led at Daytona and Talladega and nearly pulled off upset victories at both tracks before being involved in late race incidents just laps before the finish. After a 13th-place finish at Richmond, the team moved into the Top 35 in owner's points for the first time in its three-year history. Ron Fellows drove the car at Watkins Glen, Stephen Leicht piloted the No. 36 at Richmond, and Mike Skinner at Atlanta after medical issues forced Blaney from the car. The No. 36 team finished 33rd in owner's points, which guaranteed the team a starting spot in the 2012 Daytona 500. In January 2012, Baldwin sold the owner's points from the No. 36 to Stewart-Haas Racing to allow the No. 10, driven by Danica Patrick, to be locked into the Daytona 500. Baldwin also ran the No. 35 with Park, Bodine, and Blaney on a part-time basis.

TBR's best finish is third, which they've done twice. Blaney drove the 36 to third at the October 2011 Talladega race and Smith drove the No. 7 Chevrolet to third-place finish at the August 2016 rain-shortened Pocono race. TBR shut down their Cup team after the 2016 season, though it was revived for the 2017 Daytona 500 with Elliott Sadler.

In 2017, Baldwin joined the newly-formed Halmar Friesen Racing Truck team as a team manager. In August, Baldwin left the team, with HFR co-owner Chris Larsen citing a lack of progress as why the two decided to split. Baldwin later become the Competition Director at Premium Motorsports, while also serving as crew chief of the team's No. 15 Cup car.

In 2019, Baldwin joined back into the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series with a part time car starting with Daytona

Personal Life
Baldwin revealed that he was diagnosed with a treatable cancer in August 2023. His modified team was put on a hiatus as a result.

References

External links

Living people
1966 births
People from Bellport, New York
Sportspeople from Suffolk County, New York
Racing drivers from New York (state)
NASCAR team owners
NASCAR crew chiefs
NASCAR drivers

Tommy Baldwin Jr.


Rufius Antonius Agrypnius Volusianus (died 6 January 437) was a fifth-century Roman aristocrat who held at least two important posts during the reign of the emperor Honorius. He is best known for his exchange of letters with St. Augustine.

Life
Volusianus was the son of Caeionius Rufius Albinus and Albina. His family owned property at Tubursicubure near Hippo Regius. Both Albina and Volusianus' niece, Melania, were devout Christians while Volusianus was a dutiful believer in the paganism of his ancestors. Peter Brown states that was part of a literary circle, characterized—to use Augustine's words—for his "cultivated, polished style, made outstanding by the charm of true Roman eloquence."

"Yet he was in an awkward position," notes Brown. "He already lived in a 'post-pagan' world.... He was the servant of Christian Emperors, and so not free to voice his opinion; and, as the son of a pious mother, he was constantly approached by bishops such as Augustine, and by enthusiastic laymen, such as Flavius Marcellinus." Ronald J. Weber observes that "debating with Bishop Augustine of Hippo on the dogma of the Incarnation mark Volusianus among the pagan intelligentsia capable enough to match wits with one of the greatest minds of the century and strong willed enough to defy the arguments of Augustine and persistent family pressures to convert to Christianity."

Augustine exchanged letters with Volusianus around 410, when the latter, by Brown's estimate, was about 30 years of age. Augustine later wrote of his own encounter with Volusianus in De Civitate Dei, in which he, politely, refuses to be baptised. Not long after their exchange of letters, Volusianus became proconsul of Africa, then praefectus urbi (417-418) and later praefectus praetorio italiae.

Despite his religious beliefs, he was selected by the Emperor Valentinian III and his mother the Empress Galla Placidia to deliver the formal request to the Emperor and Empress Theodosius II and Aelia Eudocia for the hand of their daughter Licinia Eudoxia in marriage. Volusianus left Rome in 436, and reached Constantinople where he delivered his message and initiated preliminary arrangements for the marriage before he fell fatally sick. On his deathbed and under the influence of his niece Melania, who had travelled from Jerusalem to be at his side, Volusianus converted to Christianity—an achievement Melania 's hagiographer recorded in her Vita. "The infamous pagan noble, leader of the Caeionii, was one of the last to accept the faith of Christ," observed Weber on this event.

Notes

Further reading
 André Chastagnol, "La famille de Caecinia Lolliana grande dame païenne du IVe siècle après J.-C.", Latomus, 20 (1961) pp. 746ff

437 deaths
5th-century Romans
Antonii
Late-Roman-era pagans
Roman governors of Africa
Rufii
Urban prefects of Rome
Year of birth unknown

Rufius Antonius Agrypnius Volusianus


Iskut is a small, mostly Indigenous community in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia. It is located on Highway 37, at the north end of Eddontenajon Lake just south of Dease Lake and the crossing of the Stikine River.

Community
Iskut is the home of Iskut First Nation, a group of the Tahltan people, which also includes the communities of Dease Lake and Telegraph Creek. Two bands comprise the Tahltan Nation, the Iskut First Nation and the Tahltan First Nation or Tahltan Indian Band. Iskut Indian Reserve No. 6 and Kluachon Lake Indian Reserve No. 1 are the two formal Indian reserves in the vicinity.

Klappan Independent Day School, the Iskut First Nation Band Office and the Iskut Valley Health Services building are the primary public service amenities. Shopping and gas can be purchased at Kluachon Center.

Location
Iskut is located at the 407 km mark on Highway 37 and is approximately 6–7 hours from both Terrace and Smithers and within 9 hours drive from Whitehorse, Yukon.

Recreation

Recreational activities in the area include fishing at any of the lakes of the Iskut Chain Lakes, which include, moving south to north, Nadatadasleen Lake, Kinaskan Lake, Tattoga Lake, Eddontenajon Lake and Kluachon Lake. Snowmobiling and ATVing are very popular activities for locals of the area.

Resource Development
The opening of Highway 37 through the Iskut area has supported new resource development. Ongoing mining and energy projects include the Red Chris copper and gold mine, and the Volcano Creek hydroelectric project.

Coal-bed methane conflict

Iskut is well known for the protracted disagreement over the use of the area for resource extraction. The rapid expansion of mining throughout the area has given rise to much controversy over the level of consultation given to local First Nations' people. Of particular public interest has been Royal Dutch Shell's plans for coalbed methane extraction on the Klappan Plateau, the Tahltan people's traditional hunting and trapping territory.

Klappan has been named the Sacred Headwaters because it forms the headwaters of several significant salmon rivers, including the Skeena, Spatsizi and Stikine rivers. The Spatsizi Plateau region has occasionally called the "Serengeti of the North"  due to the diversity and number of different species that call the area home. The controversy over  Sacred Headwaters is also further complicated by the different levels of Tahltan government.

The Tahltan Central Council (TCC) speaks for the entire Tahltan First Nation but between the three significant communities, some people feel that TCC does not fairly represent the feelings of all communities equally. At the forefront of the battle over the Sacred Headwaters is a group of Iskut First Nation members called the "Klabona Keepers".

See also
Todagin Wildlife Management Area

References

Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Populated places in the Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine
Tahltan
Stikine Country

Iskut


Lorne Matheson Betts (August 2, 1918 – August 5, 1985) was a Canadian composer, conductor, organist, and music critic. A member of the Canadian League of Composers and an associate of the Canadian Music Centre, many of his original scores and writings are part of the collection at the National Library of Canada. His compositional output includes two operas, two symphonies, two piano concertos, three string quartets, many songs and choral pieces, and other orchestral and chamber works.

Life and career
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Betts began his musical training in his native city with W.H. Anderson, Filmer Hubble, and Hunter Johnston. He was one of the founding singers in Anderson's The Choristers in 1936. He went to England where he earned a Licentiate of the Royal Schools of Music in 1941. In 1947 he entered The Royal Conservatory of Music where he studied music composition with John Weinzweig through 1953. He also studied with Ernst Krenek, Alan Rawsthorne, and Roy Harris during the summers of 1950-1953.

Betts served as the music director of St Paul's Presbyterian Church in Hamilton, Ontario from 1950-1964. He was then organist-choirmaster at Melrose United Church in Hamilton for many years. He served as the director of the Royal Hamilton College of Music from 1953-1959 and was music critic for The Hamilton Spectator from 1965-1979. He was married to contralto Jean Macleod, notably serving as her accompanist on three commercial recordings. He died in Hamilton at the age of 67.

References

1918 births
1985 deaths
20th-century Canadian composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Canadian male musicians
Canadian classical composers
Canadian male classical composers
Canadian opera composers
Male opera composers
Pupils of Ernst Krenek
Academic staff of the Royal Hamilton College of Music
The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni

Lorne Betts


Robert Challe (17 August 1659 – 25 January 1721) was a French colonialist, voyager and writer, although he never published under his own name, which accounts for his obscurity until his re-discovery in the 1970s.  His two most well-known works are :fr:Les Illustres Françaises, published anonymously in The Hague in 1713, translated in English by Penelope Aubin in 1727 under the title The Illustrious French Lovers; being the true Histories of the Amours of several French Persons of Quality, and Journal d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales, published after his death in 1721.

Challe was born in Paris, the youngest of five children of the second marriage of a certain Jean Challe, a petit bourgeois and minor civil servant.  He had two brothers and two sisters.  He was an intelligent boy and a good scholar, and his life appears to have been comfortable until the death of his father in 1681.  The influence of his mother, who seems to have preferred her oldest son, ensured that he was inequitably treated in his father's will, receiving only one tenth of the estate, and he entered into violent dispute with his two older brothers, fought a duel with one of them and injured him.  Faced with either imprisonment or exile, he chose the latter, and left for New France.

With financial help from an uncle he at first bought a shareholding in Compagnie de pêches sédentaires de l'Acadie and later built up his own trading company, dealing in beaver skins, furs and other goods in Chédabouctou, Acadia (now part of Nova Scotia, Canada). His fortunes changed sharply in 1688, however, as a result of raids by English pirates from Salem and his business was ruined.  One result of this experience was to arouse in him a contempt for the British, matched only, apparently, by his contempt for the Jesuits.  He was forced to return to France, landing at La Rochelle.

In March 1690 he signed on as an ecrivain de navire, that is the purser or accountant, on a vessel sailing from Lorient in western France for Pondicherry, India, and other destinations in the Far East. The many adventures of the vessel on which he sailed, L'Ecueil, with a crew of 350 men and a veritable farmyard of fresh food on the hoof,  are described in his two volume Journal d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales. The vessel, one of a fleet of six, was owned by the Compagnie des Indes Orientales and was an armed merchantman of 38 cannon, sailing for trade but also on a diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of Siam.  On the return to France, the vessel stopped at Ascension Island, and then took a long detour across the Atlantic to the Antilles, where it made a long stop-over.  It did not return to Port Louis, France until August 1691.

In 1692, Challe re-appears as an ecrivain de navire, but this time on a vessel of the French navy, Le Prince. He participated in the Battle of Barfleur against the English and Dutch.  Challe's navy career was, however, short-lived, and he was discharged in either 1693 or 1694, possibly for corruption.

From 1695 onwards, he concentrated on writing, drawing on his previous adventures as a colonialist and seaman.  He did not make a comfortable living.  He published a work on Don Quixote as well as Les Illustres and the Journal.

In 1717 he was denounced by a police spy for seditious remarks in a Paris cafe and was imprisoned in the famous :fr:Chatelet(Paris) prison.  On being released he was exiled from Paris, and took up residence in Chartres.

He died, poor and broken-spirited, on 25 January 1721.

Works

:fr:Les Illustres Françaises
A more extensive list of works is given at :fr:Robert Challe

Bibliography

 Hollier, Denis. A New History of French Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. . pp. 398–401.

External links
 The Illustrious French Lovers at HathiTrust

17th-century French writers
17th-century French male writers
18th-century French writers
18th-century French male writers
People of New France
1680s in Canada
Explorers from Paris
1659 births
1721 deaths
Writers from Paris
French male non-fiction writers
Immigrants to New France
18th-century French memoirists

Robert Challe


Not Quite Human 2 is a 1989 television film written and directed by Eric Luke and starring Jay Underwood, Alan Thicke, and Robyn Lively. As the second of three films in a series based on the Not Quite Human novels by Seth McEvoy, it follows the social development of an android that is designed to appear human, this time as he enrolls in college and is on his own for the first time. The filming locations were Arizona State University, Tempe High School, Tempe, Scottsdale, and Phoenix.

Plot
The film begins with Chip (Jay Underwood), the android, installing specially-ordered software designed to enhance his facial expressions; it is later discovered that he also inadvertently intakes a computer virus that causes him to malfunction very gradually, diminishing control over his own system's functions. Initially, the virus simply causes Chip to have momentary memory lapses resulting in poor judgment, but within five days it will completely destroy his internal systems, wiping his memory. That same day, Dr. Jonas Carson (Alan Thicke) and his daughter, Becky (Robyn Lively), attend Chip's high school graduation. Chip mentions that he wants to attend college and has already signed up for the summer session; however, his father does not feel Chip is ready to be on his own. Becky later manages to persuade her dad to grant Chip's request, pointing out that college is the natural next step in Chip's development.

Since Dr. Carson only reluctantly agreed to allow Chip to attend college, he and Becky secretly follow him to the school in a vehicle that is set up as a monitoring station in order to watch from a distance. At school, Chip sees a girl in a lab coat passing through the hall of the science building and becomes infatuated with her. Chip gets help from his roommate to try to fit in better socially at school, but Chip manages to alienate himself from a popular girl and from his roommate because of his awkwardness, and with no help from his computer virus takeover.

When Chip feels homesick and calls his dad, his dad advises that he go after something that really interests him. The next day, Chip follows the girl in the lab coat, Roberta (Katie Barberi), into the robotics lab and asks her out on a date, where she informs Chip that she is an android. Excited by this revelation, Chip tells her that he is also an android. Chip soon learns that Roberta is not able to decide anything for herself, so he introduces her to the concept of free will by reprogramming her. When Roberta chooses to go with Chip instead of returning to Dr. Phil Masters (Greg Mullavy) and the other scientists who developed her, the two of them are forced to flee. Prof. Victoria Gray (Dey Young) discovers that her fellow scientists are responsible for distributing a virus designed to disable competitors' androids, so she joins Dr. Carson in trying to catch up with Chip to provide the antidote.

After being relentlessly pursued a great distance, Chip and Roberta finally manage to escape the scientists, and they are surrounded by desert when Roberta explains that running has used up almost all of her power. With the virus's effects growing more pronounced, Chip is unable to control his body very effectively as he carries Roberta and desperately searches for a power outlet to recharge her. Not finding an adequate power source, Chip slumps to the ground as the virus overtakes him, saying haltingly to Roberta, "I... love... you". Dr. Carson and Becky arrive just a moment later with Prof. Gray, and they manage to successfully administer the antidote just before Chip's systems fail completely. Once he is fully revived, Chip reveals that he had utilized his magnetic finger to write all of Roberta's programming and memories to a diskette before she lost all power, preserving the character and personality of the girl that he had fought to protect. A photograph at the end shows the Carsons together with Roberta and Prof. Gray.

Character development
In each of the three Not Quite Human films, Chip is at a distinct level of development in his social awareness. While Chip had difficulty carrying on a sensible conversation in the first film and didn't notice how people perceived him, in Not Quite Human II he communicates fairly well but just takes some statements too literally. For instance, when a pair of fellow college students invite Chip to "join" them for a game of cards, Chip responds, "Are you coming apart?" He also sometimes comes close to inadvertently revealing that he is an android, such as when he successfully chases his bus going at full speed down the road. It is this naivety and peculiarity that hinder Chip's efforts to form friendships. Chip's roommate, Brandon Wilson (Scott Nell), does his best to engage Chip in the social scene, but Chip still feels like an outsider. This is why Chip is so glad to encounter Roberta, another android who is also not very developed socially.

Cast
 Jay Underwood as Chip Carson
 Alan Thicke as Dr. Jonas Carson
 Robyn Lively as Becky Carson
 Greg Mullavy as Dr. Phil Masters
 Katie Barberi as Roberta
 Dey Young as Prof. Victoria Gray
 Scott Nell as Brandon Wilson, Chip's Room-Mate
 Mark Arnott as Moore, Dr. Masters' Assistant
 Mike Russell as Miller, Dr. Masters' Assistant
 Ty Miller as Austin, Bus Punk
 Eric Bruskotter as Rick, Bus Punk

References

External links

1989 television films
1989 films
1989 comedy films
1989 science fiction films
1980s science fiction comedy films
1980s teen comedy films
American science fiction comedy films
American science fiction television films
American teen comedy films
Android (robot) films
American comedy television films
Television sequel films
Disney Channel original films
Films shot in Arizona
Films set in universities and colleges
1980s English-language films
1980s American films

Not Quite Human 2


Øystein Sevåg (born March 19, 1957) is a Norwegian composer and keyboardist. His music touches on classical, New Age and jazz styles.

Biography
Øystein Sevåg is a Norwegian composer, pianist and music producer. He was born in Bærum in 1957, beginning piano lessons at age five. As a teen he played bass in a rock band but returned to his classical roots in time to study piano, flute and composition at a private Music Conservatory in Oslo; by the 1980s, however, Sevåg had become fascinated by the possibilities offered by the development of the synthesizer, and he plunged into electronic music with his self-released 1989 debut LP Close Your Eyes and See.

The product of five years in the studio, the album slowly crept into Billboard's New Age charts in the USA, and it landed Sevåg on the Windham Hill label to issue the follow-up, 1993's Link. He returned two years later with Global House, a record reflecting a newfound interest in acoustic sounds and worldbeat textures, including didgeridoo and string quartet; the ambient album Visual, a collaboration with guitarist Lakki Patey, followed in 1996. Signing to Hearts of Space Records, Sevåg resurfaced in 1997 with the acclaimed Bridge, with the London Philharmonia Orchestra, winning the Indie Award in the USA for the best new age recording of the year.

From 1999 to 2005, he lived in Freiburg, South Germany, where among other things he worked on music therapy together with Maria Sevag and the psychologist Katharina Martin.

In April 2005, Sevåg's new album Caravan was released, 8 years after his previous album Bridge. The new material was introduced on a concert in Oslo in March. In June one of his new compositions in the classical area - a string trio - had its first performance on Casa dei Mezzo Music Festival on Crete, Greece, and in April 2006 in Madrid. In October 2005 he had two concerts in Norway with his "Global House Band" - followed up by ten small solo concerts at the Vigeland Mausoleum in Oslo.

In the spring 2006 Øystein Sevåg moved to Oslo.  He produced singer/songwriter Eliksir's debut album Earthly Things, released in 2007. His latest album Based on a True Story was released in 2007. In February 2006 he met the singer/songwriter Benedicte Torget, and worked with her as a co-producer, arranger and piano player on her debut album After a Day of Rain, released in August 2008.

In April 2010 he released his studio album The Red Album collaborating with Peter Wettre, Bendik Hofseth, Andreas Bye, Paolo Vinaccia, Ole Marius Melhuus, Zotora Nygard, Sara Övinge, Audun Erlien and Eivind Aarset.

In March 2012 Øystein Sevåg released the album Space For a Crowded World - as mentioned on his official website, the "most ambient album since Visual."

Sevåg married Benedicte Torget in June 2018.

Discography

Albums
 1989: Close Your Eyes and See
 1993: Link
 1995: Global House
 1997: Bridge (Hearts of Space)
 2005: Caravan
 2007: Based on a True Story
 2010: The Red Album
 2012: Space for a Crowded World

Collaborations
 1996: Visual with Lakki Patey
 2003: Amor Fati with Kristin Flood - English and Norwegian version
 2007: Eliksir: Earthly Things - producer
 2008: Benedicte Torget: After a Day of Rain - coproducer, piano player, arranger
 2011: Anette Askvik: Liberty - producer, piano player, arranger
 2014: Karin Boye sånger (Present Recordings) - composer, pianist; with Benedicte Torget (vocals)

References

1957 births
Living people
Norwegian musicians
Windham Hill Records artists
Musicians from Bærum

Øystein Sevåg


The Mark Trail Wilderness was designated in 1991 and currently consists of . It is named in honor of Mark Trail, a daily newspaper comic strip created by the American cartoonist Ed Dodd. The Wilderness is located within the borders of the Chattahoochee National Forest in White, Towns, and Union counties, Georgia.  The Wilderness is managed by the United States Forest Service and is part of the National Wilderness Preservation System.

The highest elevation in the Mark Trail Wilderness is the  peak of Horsetrough Mountain.  Fourteen miles (21 km) of the Appalachian Trail cross the Wilderness.  The Wilderness features other peaks and Horsetrough Falls on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River.  The Tray Mountain Wilderness is located across State Route 75 to the east.

References

External links
Wilderness.net entry for the Mark Trail Wilderness
Mark Trail Wilderness on Recreation.gov

Wilderness areas of Georgia (U.S. state)
Protected areas of the Appalachians
Protected areas of Towns County, Georgia
Protected areas of Union County, Georgia
Protected areas of White County, Georgia
Protected areas established in 1991
Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest
1991 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)

Mark Trail Wilderness


Dave Keller (born September 28, 1959) is a former minor league baseball player, coach and manager and major league coach for the Cleveland Indians. He is currently the manager for the Chicago Cubs Single A affiliate Daytona Cubs.

Keller attended the University of Northern Colorado from 1979 to 1982 where he excelled at both baseball and basketball. He still holds career records at the school for RBI (173), home runs (47) and slugging percentage (.756). Keller is also in the program's top ten lists for career runs (146), total bases (332) and walks (86). He also holds the single season Bears record for home runs (20). In basketball, Keller was an All-North Central Conference selection in 1982 and led the team in scoring with a 15.1 points per game average. In 2006, he was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame.

In 1982, Keller was chosen in the 28th round of the 1982 draft by the Cincinnati Reds, and he played in their minor league system through the 1986 season. From 1987 to 1989, Keller was the manager for the Billings Mustangs of the rookie Pioneer League in the Reds organization.

In 1990, Keller was hired by the Cleveland Indians to manage their farm team in Burlington, North Carolina. In 1991, his Burlington Indians qualified for the Appalachian League playoffs. For the 1992 season, Keller was moved up to the Class A Kinston Indians. He was the manager for the K-Tribe through the 1994 season and earned Carolina League manager of the year honors in 1993. Keller finished up his managerial career with a stint as the skipper for South Bend of the Midwest League for the Chicago White Sox.

In 1999, Keller was named the minor league hitting coordinator for the Cleveland Indians. In 2000 and 2001, he served as a hitting instructor in their system. He finally made it to the major leagues as a bullpen coach for Cleveland in 2002 and 2003.

From 2004-2012, Keller was the minor league hitting coordinator for the Chicago Cubs.  For the 2013 season, he was promoted to manager of the Advanced-A affiliate Daytona Cubs where he led the team to a 75-51 record and won the Florida State League championship by defeating the Charlotte Stone Crabs 3-1. Keller led the club back to the Florida State League championship series in 2014, the team's final season in a 22-year run as a Cubs affiliate in Daytona Beach.

External links

Managerial career
Hall of Fame Induction

1959 births
Living people
American baseball players
Billings Mustangs managers
Cleveland Indians coaches
Billings Mustangs players
Eugene Emeralds players
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
Gulf Coast Reds players
Major League Baseball bullpen catchers

Dave Keller


The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof Ashutosh Sharma is the serving president (2023-present).

History
The Genesis: Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi is an autonomous institution of Dept. Science & Technology, Govt. of India.  However, the origins of INSA can be traced back to the founding of National Institute of Sciences in India (NISI) in the year 1935 in Calcutta (now Kolkata). The basic objective was and continues to be to promote, nurture and safeguard the  interests of sciences and scientists. The NISI was recognized by the Government of India, as a Premier National Scientific Society. NISI moved to its present premises in Delhi in 1951. A Government of India's decision in 1968 mandated INSA to represent India in all the international science fora. In 1970, NISI was given a new name- Indian National Science Academy (INSA). Its campus at the Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg came into being during 1951 with a major expansion during late 80's-mid 90's.  Today the main INSA-building stands out at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg as seven-storied, beautifully shaped Golden Jubilee Building, completed in 1996.

Overview
The Academy consists of Foundation fellows, Fellows (FNA) and Foreign Fellows. Election to the Academy is only by nomination. The objectives of the academy encompass promotion of science in India including its application to national welfare, safeguarding the interests of the scientists, establishing linkages with international bodies to foster collaboration and expressing considered opinion on national issues.

It plays a role in promoting, recognising and rewarding excellence in scientific research. With a view to promoting the pursuit of excellence in the field of 'Science and Technology', the academy has instituted 59 awards, placed in 4 categories, viz International Awards, General Medal & Lecture Awards, Subjectwise Medals/Lectures and Awards for Young Scientists. It also publishes journals, organises scientific discussions and brings out proceedings and monographs.

It is a signatory to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities in 2004

Presidents
The list of presidents of the society.

Publications
The academy publishes three peer-reviewed journals
Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy (formerly Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India)
Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Indian Journal of History of Science

It also publishers a year book, annual reports, INSA News, biographical memoirs, special publications and the proceedings of INSA seminars and symposia.

See also

 Indian Academy of Sciences
 Indian National Academy of Engineering
 National Academy of Sciences, India

References

External links

Indian National Science Academy (INSA)
INSA Journals

National academies
National academies of sciences
Scientific organizations established in 1935
Science and technology in India
Organisations based in Delhi
1935 establishments in India
Members of the International Council for Science
Members of the International Science Council

Indian National Science Academy


Château Rauzan-Ségla, or Château Rausan-Ségla, is a winery in the Margaux appellation of the Bordeaux region of France.  Château Rauzan-Ségla is also the name of the red wine produced by this property.  The wine produced here was classified as one of  fifteen Deuxièmes Crus (Second Growths) in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The alternate name "Rausan-Ségla" was also frequently used until 1994 when the original "Rauzan-Ségla" again became the official name.

History

Rauzan-Ségla was once part of the vast Rauzan estate owned by Pierre de Mesures de Rauzan in the mid-17th century.  Over time, this estate was divided, and by the time of the 1855 Classification, had been separated into the estates of Château Rauzan-Gassies, Château Rauzan-Ségla, Château Desmirail, and Château Marquis de Terme.

After a long ownership by the Durand-Dasier family, the estate was acquired by Frédéric Cruse of the Cruse family in 1903 who held ownership until 1957, and until 1989 it belonged to Liverpool shipping magnate John Holt. By 1982 the estate had hired the consultant services of Émile Peynaud, and in 1989 the property was purchased by Brent Walker. Whatever plans he had, however, were not to bear fruit; in 1994 he sold the estate on to the Wertheimer family of Chanel, who installed a winemaking team led by David Orr and John Kolasa (both from Chateau Latour). Chanel remain the current owners, and they are credited with continuing to push the quality ever higher. In 2014, Nicolas Audebert, the former winemaker at Cheval des Andes, the LVMH property in Mendoza Argentina, was hired to succeed John Kolasa following his retirement.

Production
The Rauzan-Ségla vineyard extends  with the grape variety distribution of 61% Cabernet Sauvignon, 35% Merlot and 2% each of Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot.

The grand vin is Château Rauzan-Ségla, with an annual production of 8000 cases, and the surplus wine is destined for the second wine named Ségla.

References

External links
 The Wine Cellar Insider

Bordeaux wine producers

Château Rauzan-Ségla