The everyday happenings of Weebl and sometimes Weebl's friend, Bob (best known as Weebl and Bob, and renamed Wobbl and Bob for its DVD release) is a Flash animated cartoon series created by Jonti Picking and co-scripted by Chris Vick.

About the series

Main summary
The two main characters Weebl and Bob are best friends, but prone to harassing and insulting each other. Both are egg-shaped creatures with wide mouths that split their heads in half, and move by rolling, hopping or swaying back and forth. They mutter and 'talk' in a way largely unintelligible to viewers while perfectly understood by one another and other characters, with visible speech balloons captioning their dialogue. Weebl is the larger of the two; it is revealed that Bob's small stature is due to a cheese overdose in the 1980s. Many of their stories are centered around their love of pie, a devotion shared by most of the other characters in their world—these episodes generally depict one of their several (often failed) attempts to obtain it. Some episodes are a vehicle to introduce a new character into the storyline, while others are parodies of cultural phenomena, such as Hello Kitty, Japanese karate and ninja movies, '80s anti-drug documentaries, Michael Moore's documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11, Kill Bill, the crime drama CSI: Miami, the iPod "silhouette" ad campaign, the MTV show Pimp My Ride, the game show The Krypton Factor, Mel Brooks' History of the World, Part I, the video game Portal, Final Fantasy VII, the Academy Awards and even retailers such as PC World ('Pissy Werld' in the show), IKEA (or 'PIKEA') and Matalan ('Catalan').

History

The first episode, "Pie", was uploaded by Picking on June 6, 2002. By February 2007, more than 120 episodes had been released, together with 6 MTV-only episodes, 1 DVD-only cartoon, and an unofficial 30th birthday animation. Typical episodes are about two minutes in length and require three days of production time. The majority of episodes are animated by Weebl, whilst some recent episodes are animated by Nathan Malone, aka ZekeySpaceyLizard. The 100th web-released episode, which is a few minutes longer than normal cartoons, came out January 10, 2006.

Along with the normal episodes of Weebl and Bob, a few special feature episodes have been created by Weebl and Skoo in which Bob narrates a story. These are very sketchy as if they were hand-drawn and 'animated' by Bob himself. There are also a few episodes that don't feature Weebl and Bob characters at all, made by Skoo alone. A single episode titled "Asshat" was created (and 'buggered up' by, among many things, turning Bob into a weird Scooby-Doo caricature) by Picking's friend Rob Manuel, founder of b3ta. Three other guest-animated episodes include "Merchandise," "Birthday Wishes," and "Thirty" (the latter two made in celebration of Jonti Picking's birthday on 17 May.).

Weebl's production company Sumo Dojo worked on the Anchor Spreadable adverts in the UK. They were also involved in the release of the first year of Weebl and Bob on DVD in late 2004. The DVD includes a documentary narrated by Brian Blessed and an exclusive episode.

A related Flash game, titled Ultimate Pie Theft, was released in September 2006. It is a remake of the popular video game Pac-Man, except the player controls Wee Bull, who attempts to steal all of the pies belonging to Weebl, Bob, Hairy Lee and Chris the Ninja Pirate Mushroom. While doing so, the characters will continuously say one-liners such as "Nooooo! Not the pie‼", and "Why aren't I eating pies when I move?".

Episode structure
The two main characters appear exclusively in the first episode, and most of the later episodes. The cartoon is minimalistic in style: it is presented on a plain magenta background, and the characters are white with dark grey outlines. Most of the episodes – usually the more recent cartoons – begin with Weebl singing a short song, usually about pie, his main love in life (an example of this "This is a song/a song about pie/hope I get some before I die.."). Bob moves on and off by rolling and remains typically to the right of the animation pane.

Both characters talk, but their voices are usually unintelligible. Picking achieves the sound by speaking without the use of his tongue, and constantly changing the speed of the audio recording; speech balloons are provided. In fact, in the episodes "Asshat" and "Stains", it is implied that this is the only reason they can understand each other. This speech is generally punctuated, but capitals are not used, correct grammar and syntax are rarely employed (e.g. "when come back bring pie!"), and the speech bubbles are occasionally entirely inaccurate; another feature is the occasional addition of an 's' to nouns or verbs that do not require one (e.g. "beefs come from here", or "I have become a Goths" "Is that rights?").

The episodes are set to music (usually of the dance/electronica genre, though it differs considerably between episodes), with the characters sometimes talking in time to the rhythm. Earlier episodes mainly used songs from Picking's music collection, but nowadays they are usually original pieces (sometimes listed in the credits).

Characters

Weebl Bull

Weebl, or Wobbl on MTV due to trademark reasons, is 29 years old ("Factor") and is an egg-shaped character who loves pie to a very unhealthy extent. This is especially apparent as, in a reference to the film American Pie Weebl's other friends aside from Bob are a whale, who has only been shown in "Blockage" and a Weighted Companion Cube (a reference to Portal) only seen in "Cube". Weebl has shown romantic fixation towards Donkey, as well as a-ha's Morten Harket (who "makes [Weebl] moist in [his] special places").

Even though Weebl's name is Weebl Bull, as he is Wee Bull's son, he usually uses the surname Chauncey, probably because he hates his father (despite this, however, he has been credited as Weebl Bull in the episode "CSI"), he was also credited as prof. Heinz Weebl Ph.D on "show". He also show signs of being illiterate (though this is probably just to make his ignorance and unintelligence more clear) as he cannot read (as seen in "Record" and "Pastry") and, according to Bob, can only spell "sign" and "beefs" ("Pikea"). A little while after Bob made his blog, Weebl made his blog.

Weebl can be immature and arrogant in most parts, as in the cartoon "Team Laser Explosion 3" he boasted what a hero he was by accusing postmen of being evil, and also being apparently stubborn, he insisted on changing the team logo because it didn't have pictures of him looking hot and sexy. He has at least 5 hats (revealed in "Pastry"). Also he is ignorant to listen to Bob such as in the episode 'snails' where he shows that he doesn't listen to Bob or let him finish his sentences. To add to that he has been in and caused Bob to go to prison with his Paris Hilton impression as shown in episode "Bird"

His last name was not revealed till the episode 'CSI', in which a set of opening credits reveal it, though a smart fan could have deduced it from Weebl's father's name, Wee Bull, or from a supposed e-mail with the subject "Son. We need to talk. Love Wee Bull".

In various episodes Weebl states that he cannot move, unlike Bob who rolls or hops to get to places. He can only be seen rolling in the Wobbl and Bob DVD, during the cutscenes when a category is selected in the menu screen. Otherwise, it remains a mystery of how he moves, although Bob uses methods of transport to carry him around in several episodes, it says that Weebl invented sheep especially on the episode 'gravy'.

Bob Bobertson

Bob is Weebl's friend, and producer of many Flash animations throughout the series. He looks like Weebl except for the fact that he is smaller. Like Weebl, he also likes pie – and 'butters' [sic] (see episode "Pikea"). His last name, Bobertson, is revealed in "Show," and is shown again in "Team Laser Explosion 3", when Weebl draws their new logo on the back of Bob's will. His last name can also be seen in the credits of some of the "made by Bob" cartoons and on his blog. Bob also became a goth (because he was depressed about not having pie, and he found the cloak and the wig in a ditch) in the episode "Gothic" but that lasted only for that episode. During that episode he called himself "Bob... Lord of the Dark... things".

Bob seems to show a fear of bees and, after Weebl's bath water destroyed his computer in "Upgrade", a fear of liquid. He is also allergic to cat fur ("Dan"), as characterized by pink spots, red eyes, and huge swelling lumps on his head. His new computer is apparently possessed by – and has affiliations with – the supernatural, as it gets demonic messages, shoots blood from the screen, makes groaning noises and came with an Angel of Death and an evil lamp (the reason being that 'Pissy Werld', the place from which it was purchased, is owned by a demon).

In the episode "Joust", we are told that Bob was once married, to a "Millionaire Supermodel Scientist," but Weebl destroyed the marriage with his constant demands for a duel. We are also told that his wife lost a toe in the duel, and that Bob retained the "zombie toe," until that, too, left him. Bob also frequently visits a book club, and it is evident that he has not yet reached puberty ("Pikea 2"). Bob also knows nothing about farming emu.

Bob often questions and pities Weebl's strange ways, though Bob himself does sometimes show a perverted nature, as seen on in "Pieku", when he admitted he wasn't wearing pants, and said "lo! meet my penis!" This, however, turned out to actually be "pianist", as Weebl misheard Bob. Bob is also known to be slightly more intelligent than Weebl, often correcting or lecturing him. He dislikes bananas, shown in "Romantic".

Regulars
These characters have appeared regularly throughout the series, and are usually older than the rest of the cast.

 Chris the Ninja Pirate – A mushroom who is an expert at martial arts, and who speaks and acts like a cross between a ninja and a pirate, and has been known to say "Shiver-me shurikens!". First appeared in "Yarr". He wears an eyepatch in normal clothing, but has been wearing a black ninja costume (which Sensei Carrotu thinks is "very sexy") in recent episodes. After Donkey's death, he went mad with grief, writing "why?" on the walls in feces and sculpting a model of Donkey out of his earwax. Now, whilst he seems to have mostly gotten over the death of his wife, he still apparently drinks a lot and thus his one visible eye has bags under it. He moved on in 'Begins', the latest Weebl and Bob, where he fell in love with Weebl's mother, and was set to marry her, but ended up wedding Donkey's alternate dimensional self.
 Donkey – Recently deceased spouse to Chris the Ninja Pirate who resembles a rocking horse. Was originally Weebl's girlfriend until Chris stole her from him in "Wrong". Her death was shown in the 100th episode after suffering from a serious accident as a result of both herself and Chris, in his words, "doing position 97 near a porthole". In the same episode, Donkey said her only word: "minge" (about which Weebl and Bob speculate on what she could have meant, à la Citizen Kane; however, Chris proves that she just "likes to swear like a fishwife"). Her demise is more somber than the comedic deaths of some of the other characters, leading to a somewhat depressing funeral and, in "Intervention", making Chris go insane with grief. Two days after episode 100 was released, Weebls-Stuff.com brought out a special T-shirt dedicated to Donkey reading "Donkey 2002–2006. Rock in peace". Donkey has since been listed as a cast member in the credits of "Goo-lien", although she did not appear in the episode. She makes a return in Body, just her bottom part appears though, and Weebl's Mummy said that she chewed off Donkey's head to make room.
 Hairy Lee – A hairy version of Weebl and an expert on hypnotism. He is probably a caveman, which would explain the hair and the fact he usually talks in grunts. First appeared in "Hairy". Known as "Baldie Lee" in the 1980s prior to an overdose on cheese. However, prior to and following this event, he looked about the same. He may have just seemed bald in comparison with Weebl and Bob's mullets, which were inexplicably destroyed near the end of the episode. This could be the reason as to why his name may be a play on words of the British soft cheese brand "Dairylea". He played a female dancer's "Left Bum Cheek" in DJ Pie Safety's music video in "DJ".
 Wee Bull – A bull, also Weebl's arch-nemesis, and, revealed in "Bull", his father. His name is a play on the word Weebl. Always seems to win every battle – apart from a Christmas short – against Weebl, who states "damn you wee bull. you win this time". Popular with the ladies. Possibly descended from Wee Mammoth, he always talks by snorting. No words are formed, but everyone seems to understand him, much like Weebl's and Bob's slurred speech. He still loves Weebl however, and wants to talk, according to the subject line of an E-Mail he sends in the recent episode 'Email' ("Son, We Need To Talk. Love Wee Bull").
 The Monkey – A monkey bought by Weebl in "Cleaner". He is best known for his posh accent and pooping everywhere. In the episodes "Anywhere" and "Anyhoo", he boasts that he can go anywhere and is unstoppable, but in "Anyhoo" Bob is correct when he suggests surrounding monkey with toilets, as that is what he notorious for not using. This could be in relation to the fact that monkeys cannot be house-trained. Major appearances include "Anywhere" "Anyhoo" and "Team Laser Explosion" (in the latter, he plays the main villains). He has been regularly shown wearing a large foam "We am de best" cowboy hat. Monkey appears as the Grim Reaper (in his own words "Death, stealer of pie") in the episodes "Art" and "Halloween". He also portrays Santa Claus in an advent calendar short, as well as all the known villains of Team Laser Explosion. It was revealed in "History 1" that his ability to speak English was caused by touching a large black monolith with his tail (a reference to the film 2001: A Space Odyssey). However, since the "History" series isn't necessarily part of the show's continuity, this could be false.
 The Jams – Jam jars who try to overthrow the government and fight for freedom, though not very successfully. First appeared in "Wrong", in which they distracted Weebl in order for Chris the Ninja Pirate to steal Donkey. Probably based on the popular band 'The Jam', as they share the name and are a tad revolutionary, spreading political messages through music.

Major and popular characters

These characters shown below have been seen semi-regularly or been praised by fans.

 Angry Paul – Bob's spoiled child, and the only character who dislikes pie. Blew up "like a little firework" after drinking too much of his Sunny Delight in "Angry". Now he lives in a secret lab – located at 21 Wigmore Street – inside a strange machine that keeps him alive.
 Angry Pierre – Bob's cousin and the French version of Angry Paul. Died from his family curse (spilling Orangina) in "Bob's Week in France Part 5".
 The Mysterious Chicken – A hovering roast chicken who dons sunglasses and has the mysterious powers of dancing and hiding things. He appeared mostly in older episodes but was seen recently as an employee of "Pissy Werld" and in the episode "Changed", and the latest episode "L.O.S.T". He sometimes is mistaken for a turkey, but then says I'm not a turkey, I'm a chicken. His parallel universe version is known as "obvious chicken".
 Hand Boy – A talking hand, who was once involved with the police to help stop The Jams' protest. Beat off the monkey in the MTV episode "Sex 1".
 Shopkeep – Northern-accented shopkeeper who appears in almost any shop that Weebl or Bob enter, although it is debatable whether all the appearances are the same person, or just happen to look and sound the same. Sports a top hat, a large moustache and square glasses. Appears in non shop-related roles in the episodes "100", and "The history of the world according to Weebl and Bob – the Industrial Revolution", pulling the "porta-door 2000" and inventing the steam engine respectively.
 Clive – TV face. Like Shopkeep, he has appeared in various roles. He speaks with an American accent (ironically, most Americans consider Clive a distinctly British name). Weebl referred to him as James in "Chat".
 Kevin – French stripper who stalks Bob, and stole one of Bob's kidneys in "Bob's Week in France Part 3". Also claims he has "a big willy" and says he "loves" Bob. Disguised himself as a twig in "Awards". Despite only having been seen three times, he is usually mentioned by Weebl (who he apparently knows) to annoy/ridicule Bob, as seen in "Sweet".
 Vibro Egg – Father to the Mysterious Chicken, the Vibro Egg looks like a fried egg. He is self-proclaimed "destroyer of worlds" and "breaker of hearts".  He  first appeared in the episode "Egg," where he was struck by lightning (it's dangerous to hold meetings near electric pylons). He returned in "Joust 2" as the blind (He doesn't know why, it was a "mysterious accident", but in reality was the lightning.) "Eggsy Bit" (a nod to Pimp My Ride host/rapper Xzibit), where he helped to 'pimp' Bob's car (improve it), sporting a tag reading "Jim fixed it for me" around his neck. Is seriously injured (and possibly killed) by Hairy Jam in the same episode.
 Bubble Boy – An odd-looking boy who appeared in "Germs" and lived in a bouncing bubble. He died by flooding his bubble with his own urine and subsequently drowning. (He refused to leave his bubble even while it was flooding because he was afraid of "the germs !! ") Luckily, he lived for a Weebl and Bob advent calendar cartoon, but was still bacteriophobic. He later appeared in a Christmas short. Bubble Boy is a reference to Blair Hayes' film, Bubble Boy, a comedy about a young man who was born without an immune system and has to live in a large plastic bubble to protect himself from germs.
 Apple Dave – A very strange rock star with the head of an apple. He likes to "make your mum horny". He usually makes an appearance in order for Weebl to avoid answering a difficult/unexplanatory question. Apparently, Bob has no idea who he is, Weebl's only spoke of him in the first place to change the subject of why he didn't have a tan where a bikini top would be.
 The Wasp aka George W. Buzz – A wasp who originally appeared in the episode "Sweet". Attempted to steal Weebl's sugar lump posing first as Weebl and Bob's neighbour, then as Bob's uncle, and finally as "a president" of the unnamed country in which the animation is set.
 The Childs – Several Weeblesque children who appear regularly in the Weebl and Bob universe. They will follow whatever Hairy Lee says due to his powers of hypnotism. (As Weebl says, "Kids will do anything for Hairy Lee!" - a reference to the ads for Dairylea cheese, which assert that "Kids will do anything for Dairylea!")
 DJ Pie Safety – A hip-hop rapper/DJ who teaches pie safety through song, such as waiting for the pie to cool down before eating it. A human character, portrayed by Jonti Picking himself.

Others
These characters have only appeared in just one or a few episodes.

 Hairy Jam – Jam jar mechanic, also called "Damaged Jam" in the Goovies. However, he is not good at his job, as his lack of mechanical skills and carelessness with tools always seem to get his customers killed/seriously injured. Does not seem to take interest in the other Jams' rebellion against the government, but has an obsession with baked beans, which, he claims, "everyone loves". Like Hairy Lee, he is hairy all over. First appeared in "Band", where he killed off three Jams, stating that he is high. Believes that hitting a car repeatedly with a hammer and filling it with beans gives the best cleaning results. Last seen as an employee at Pissy Werld (wearing a Tesco Value label), along with Shopkeep, The Mysterious Chicken and The Captain of the Farm.
 Elvis – A mysterious character who is two thirds donkey while the last third is "mostly Elvis". Has appeared in two episodes, "Elvis" and "Awards". Likes to say "uh-huh-huh!" Weebl finds himself physically attracted to Elvis, except for the face.
 Ladies – Female Weeblesque characters, only a bit smaller (bigger than Bob, though). They like shoes, pretty dresses, and Wee Bull (but mostly shoes). As for Weebl, they think he's a pig.
 Banana – An enormous hallucinational, floating, sentient banana, usually appearing when other characters are under the influence of mind-altering substances. The Banana has commanded Weebl to do things against his will, often with comedic consequences.
 The Captain of the Farm – A fly who claims to be the captain of a farm floating on water. His first appearance was in "Captain", He was previously angered when Weebl refused to recognize his authority. He has a sidekick called Horse (although the name could be false), who has a habit of popping up surprisingly from the corner of the screen whenever needed. Likes turd-based foods, as seen in the episode "get well" which is unfortunately a preference not shared by his crew. He was also seen in the episode "upgrade pt2" as an employee in "Pissy Werld".
 The Lemon Curds – The law enforcement responsible for stopping The Jams' revolts. Their motto is "to protect and serve", despite the fact that it is "not very catchy" and (their words) "prefer the scout one".
 Hank – A talking pear who was hired to design the new Team Laser Explosion logo in "Team Laser Explosion 3". However, his design was rejected by Weebl because he made Weebl feel bad, so Weebl's own less-than-professional logo was used (however, Hank's design was used as the TLE logo in "Team Laser Explosion 4", which meant Weebl really liked it). Hank had his second appearance in the next episode, "Get Well," a non-TLE episode. Weebl's criticism makes Hank suicidal, and he tries to kill himself in both of the episodes in which he appears, but he never manages it; the first time he doesn't fall far enough, and the second time his fall is broken by a pie. He was last seen as a mourner at Donkey's funeral. He replaces most of his consonants with a 'bl' sound.
 The Mexican – A sombrero-wearer with a Yorkshire accent who calls Bob a "daft bugger" in the first "Bob's Week in France" episode. Won the award for best pie lover in the world "...ever!". He also worked on Chris's ship on Christmas 4. He is the only character other than Weebl who calls Bob "wanker".
 Mr. Teeth – Appeared in the episode "Wedding" in which he was the fake vicar for Chris the Ninja Pirate and Donkey's wedding, and in "Funeral", leading Donkey's memorial service. He is actually a dentist.
 Sensei Carrotu – Chris the Ninja Pirate's former martial arts trainer, a floating carrot with a sweatband above his eyes. First appeared (and died in a Dance Dance Revolution accident) in "Quest". He apparently likes to see Chris the Ninja Pirate in his ninja suit, as he claims that it is "very sexy".
 Holy Strawberry – The Jams' deceased mother. She is shown in the episode "Hostage".
 Corn Guy – One of the people involved in the "Pikea" traffic jam. He was turned into popcorn later in the episode when the sun came out.
 Blind Date – The blind date that Weebl arranges for Bob to cheer him up in "Date". In the episode, Bob is not aware that his blind date is a literal blind date (who is dyslexic), until he meets his date. Blind Date is one of the few characters who opens their mouths while speaking.
 Thor – Also evidence of the Blind Date's dyslexia, as the visually impaired typically use guide dogs ["dog" being "god" backwards].
 Birthday Fairy – A drunken fairy who shows up once a year to wish Jonti a happy birthday. Created by BlueHippo of the Weebl and Bob forums. The Birthday Fairy has appeared in the episodes "Birthday Wishes" and "Thirty".
 Norris – A character in the episode "Record" who cannot be seen, but who keeps track of how many times Weebl has said "toot". A reference to the founder of The Guinness Book of Records, the late Norris McWhirter.
 Cows – Several, identical cows, only appeared in one episode, "Cows". According to Weebl "Cows make the beef". When asked how, he answers he doesn't know, but "maybe, they are magic!". "Beef Magic!" "Moodoo!". As one bit Bob, Weebl told him to "Suck out the poison, quick!"
 Evil Clown – A sinister clown who tells the viewers in an eerie voice to look at his "lovely" hat. He is surprised by the appearance of the banana, who thinks the hat is a fine one.
 Zombito – The remainder of Bob's wife (a toe) after Weebl challenged her to a duel. It now belongs to Hand Boy.
 Pianist – Weebl is shocked when Bob introduces him, but only because he heard "penis" rather than "pianist" (and, indeed, this is what is written in Bob's speech bubble). He can't actually play so he just hums the tune.
 Manager – Appeared in "Upgrade Pt2". He is the demon manager of 'Pissy Werld'. He never speaks, but instead hisses, as wispy smoke comes out of his eyes. All the other employees of Pissy Werld seem to be afraid of him, as they run away when he comes in.
 Donkey Kong – A large, pixelated version of the famous video game character, who happens to be Donkey's father, as revealed in the "Funeral" episode. Weebl and Bob are confused about his species, but Chris confirms that "he doesn't like to talk about it".
 Michael Moore – A large blob animated version of Michael Moore. Appeared at the end of "Politics"; a movie that Bob made for him.
 Stephen Hawking- An animated version of theoretical physicist, Stephen Hawking. His first appearance was in "Balance", when he slid across the floor in his wheelchair once Bob slanted it with his weight. He claims that his brakes "really suck". This is a possible reference to "The Yard", a fan-made parody of the popular British kid's show Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends. Additionally, he had a brief moment of ridicule from Weebl when he started typing rude words on his keyboard ("Poo poo willy bums arses"), random letters, and finally typing "I've wet my pants".
 Barry Scott – Advertising "Cillit Bang Pie Remover" in "Stains" Apparently, he has a "nice shiny tuppence!"
 Cigar Man – Often appears in Bob's cartoons, distinguished by a top hat and a monocle. Often burns people with his cigar (apparently much to his content), as seen in "Ghosts", "Doods" and "Colds".
 The Beggar – Lives in Chris The Ninja Pirate's house. He believes that "owls are made of the bits left over when they make toilet seats".
 The Emailman – Explains, through the gift of song, what the 'e' stands for in 'email'. He looks like Postman Pat, and is one of the only Weebl and Bob characters drawn with colour. Apparently he is "not to be trusted. He's just a disgruntled Postman".
 Sean Harris – Emails Weebl asking for a character with his name to be in the show. His voice is heard offscreen, and Weebl and Bob tell him that he "has problems", after he wet himself "again", no one likes him because "he smells of the wee" and ugly. Could possibly be a reference to the lead singer of British metal band Diamond Head, but this is impossible to verify.
 Weebl and Bob before 1984 – The episode "Cheese" shows Weebl and Bob before 1984. Weebl and Bob were much different in these ways; they both had mullets, Bob was much larger and they were intelligible. Weebl's yo-yo string had broken, and they needed something to do. They called their friend, Baldy Lee, who is Hairy Lee and still has hair, and brings cheese with him, which in the video is shown as a profane item, or a drug. All three of them eat the cheese, and seem fine at first and dance to the Chicken Dance. The next day Weebl and Bob turn into what we know of them today.
 Walrus – The Walrus that Weebl and Bob hit in the episode "Pastry". The only thing he says is "Ooh, me mansacks".
 Hambo – Appears in the Bob cartoons "Hams", "Colds" and "Restrooms", he constantly throws hams at people in order to cure them of their vegetarianism. He has a bandana round his head, possibly meaning his name is a pun on "Rambo".
 Alternate Universe Weebl & Bob – Accessible through the trans-dimensional portal under the stairs. Differentiated from Weebl & Bob by their stylish hats, goatees, mountains of pie, and the fact that their speech is backmasked. Alternate Universe Bob is enrolled in Pastry Assassination classes.
 Dan De Zille – The disembodied head of a real person named Dan De Zille, incarnated as an extraterrestrial rocket ship. This "character" is unique as Dan bid his way onto the episode by ways of an eBay auction, with all profits going to charity. The winning bid was for the generous sum of £1,750 (About $3,500 USD). Dan appears in the appropriately named episode: "Dan"
 Spa Secretary- A female secretary for the spa. She has large breasts that Bob was hiding in. From the toon "Spa".
 Dishonest Jim- He is never to be trusted. from the toon "Snails".
 Hopey McChange-Pants- A politician in the land where Weebl and Bob takes place, inferred to be inclined for hope and change. Weebl doesn't like him, but Bob does. Was on the cover of magazine "Meat-Eaters Monthly". Was revealed to have been elected in the episode "Begins".
 Oldy McDodderington- The candidate running against Hopey McChange-Pants. Is known for being senile, stupid, lying, and wetting himself. Lost to McChange-Pants.
 Mrs. Titty McGee- Old McDodderington's running mate. Has brown hair, wears glasses, and "fun bags".
 Mr. Poop-On-A-Stick- The mascot for  Butch Man's Knowledge College.
 Weebl's Mummy- Appears in Petition, buried in concrete and wrapped in chains. She leaves jail, but just her top part. Returns in Body.

Team Laser Explosion characters
These characters are seen only in the "Team Laser Explosion" episodes.

 Team Laser Explosion – Weebl and Bob's super alter-egos. Have their own Secret Fan Club. Weebl is Captain Laserous Explosion, and Bob is Boy Exploserous Laser. Both wield the much-feared Laser Pelvis Attack belt, which is also available to members of the Secret Fan Club. Their battle cry is "to the skies!".
 Mayor Haggar – The Mayor, who appears as a sprite of Mike Haggar from Final Fight.
 Fire Thunder Squad – Team Laser Explosion's arch enemies. Their members are Captain Thunderous Fire (Monkey) and The Pigeon (a pigeon). Bob believes that their logo is better than that of Team Laser Explosion. Their attacks include the self-explanatory Projectile Fire Breath, The Pigeon's Double Poop combo attack, and very powerful Thunder Hat Wobble attack (which requires the user to be wearing a hat.)
 Sarcasm Stealth Squad – More enemies of Team Laser Explosion, known for filling the town pool with fish heads. Their members are El Sharp Tongue (Monkey again) and A Book (a book about sidekicks). A Book was killed by Weebl the day before its evil retirement. They have a better logo than Team Laser Explosion.
 Apple Squad – Appearing in the fourth Team Laser Explosion episode, this squad of villains references Apple Inc. The villains are Lord iEvil (not surprisingly, Monkey again) and a "tiny, harmless" iPod which can transform into a giant robot (unless the hold button is on). However, they were defeated by Bob's "Giant Denim Pocket Attack" (encasing them in a giant blue denim pocket) causing the robot to scratch. Unfortunately, Lord iEvil couldn't take it back because Weebl removed the warranty sticker, rendering it void.
 Napalm Waitress Force – Referred to by Weebl, but never physically seen, in the first Team Laser Explosion episode, when Bob remarks "We live to serve". Weebl claims, "No, that's Napalm Waitress Force".
 Irony Force 5 – Their job is to make the hunter become the hunted.
 No Depth Perception Crew – Appearing in the fifth installment of Team Laser Explosion, their members include Lord Can't See-a-lot (Monkey) and a pier arcade machine. Notorious for kidnapping the town's cats and placing them in Bonsai trees (Lord Can't See-a-lot believed the trees to be much bigger than they were, and also a lot further away). Foiled by Burly arcade worker man after setting off the anti-tamper device on the pier arcade machine.

Goo-ology
"Goo-ology" was a series of promotional shorts for Cadbury's Creme Egg, parodying pivotal scenes from cult movies (Pulp Fiction, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Alien and Frankenstein). This was followed by a similar segment entitled "Goo's Got Talent", a parody of Britain's Got Talent in which the winner was determined by a vote on YouTube.
 Creme Eggs – The creme eggs appear in the special creme egg episodes. They often play the bad guys and, as with the ad campaign, show excitement over being 'gooed'.
 Twisted Bar – A monster created from deceased Creme Eggs to celebrate the release of the Creme Egg Twisted Bar.

References

External links
 Weebl and Bob

 Weebl and Bob episodes at the Internet Archive

Mass media franchises introduced in 2002
British animated web series

Weebl and Bob


Midtown Miami is the collective term for the Wynwood and Edgewater neighborhoods of Miami, Florida. It is located north of Downtown and south of the Miami Design District and is roughly bound by North 20th Street to the south, I-195 to the north, I-95 to the west, and Biscayne Bay to the east.

In 2005, construction began on the "Midtown Miami" development between North 29th and 36th Street and Miami Avenue and the Florida East Coast Railway (FEC) on what was historically an FEC rail yard. The project is a large-scale, urban development that was planned with 8 high-rise residential buildings, a hotel, two parks, and a major urban shopping area, "The Shops at Midtown". Due to the collapse of the real estate bubble in 2007, only two residential buildings, and about 2/3 of "The Shops at Midtown" were built. In July 2011, plans were announced to begin construction on a new entertainment center at Midtown, including a hotel, and shops on the site of the current temporary park in the center of Midtown. Critics of Midtown state the lack of parks as a major issue.

History
Midtown has grown quickly, and is home to Shops at Midtown, an outdoor shopping area designed to mimic New York's SOHO neighborhood, and home to many national and local stores and restaurants and an abundance of upscale apartments. A fair amount of office businesses have also taken up residence in Midtown in office buildings, in industries ranging from interior decor to marketing agency services, and more. At Büro Urbano urban workspace, office spaces are provided for small businesses. Midtown has also become home to Art Miami art fair, which takes place during Miami's Art Basel week.

On 1 August 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a travel warning, advising pregnant women not to visit Midtown Miami, the Design District and Wynwood areas to avoid getting the Zika virus. Zika warnings in Miami have been lifted by end of 2016.

Economy

Bacardi's United States headquarters were located in the Bacardi buildings also near Midtown Miami. By 2007 Bacardi USA agreed to lease a complex in Coral Gables to use as its new headquarters. At that time, Bacardi had employees in seven buildings across South Florida. Bacardi vacated its former headquarter buildings. Miami citizens began a campaign to label the buildings as historic. Allan T. Schulman, a professor of architecture at the University of Miami, said "Miami's brand is its identity as a tropical city. The Bacardi buildings are exactly the sort that resonate with our consciousness of what Miami is about." In 2007 Chad Oppenheim, the head of Oppenheim Architecture + Design, described the Bacardi buildings as "elegant, with a Modernist [look combined with] a local flavor." In late 2012, the National YoungArts Foundation purchased the storied Bacardi buildings and has converted them into their national headquarters.

Residences
Midtown Miami Residences

Gallery

See also
Arts & Entertainment District
Downtown Miami
Midtown Interchange
Miami Design District
Wynwood

References

External links

Neighborhoods in Miami
Shopping districts and streets in the United States
Mixed-use developments in Florida

Midtown Miami


Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious neurological illness.  It is a type of dyskinesia - a disorder that causes movements that happen over and over again, which a person cannot control.  "Tardive" means these movements do not start right away, or they start slowly.

Tardive dyskinesia is usually caused by taking antipsychotic medicines in high doses, or for a long time.  This happens more often with older antipsychotic medicines.  Usually, tardive dyskinesia happens when these medicines are taken for many months or years.  But some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking these medicines for only 6 weeks.

Causes
The medicines that are most likely to cause tardive dyskinesia are these older antipsychotic medicines:
 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
 Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
 Haloperidol (Haldol)
 Trifluoperazine

Other medicines that are similar to these antipsychotics can also cause tardive dyskinesia.  These medicines are used to treat gastrointestinal problems, like nausea, vomiting, and delayed gastric emptying (when the stomach does not empty as quickly as normal).  If they are taken for a long time, they can cause tardive dyskinesia:
 Metoclopramide (Reglan)
 Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Newer antipsychotic medicines (also called "atypical antipsychotics") are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia, but they still can.

Who gets tardive dyskinesia?
Nobody knows why some people get tardive dyskinesia after taking antipsychotic medicines while others do not.  But there are certain groups of people who are more likely to get tardive dyskinesia.  The longer a person has been on antipsychotic medicines, the more likely they are to get TD.

Most people who get tardive dyskinesia are people who have schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, and have been on antipsychotic medicines for a long time.  But some other people can get tardive dyskinesia too.  Some people have a very high risk of getting tardive dyskinesia.  They can get TD even after taking an antipsychotic medicine just once.  People that have this very high risk include:
 People with fetal alcohol syndrome
 People with other developmental disabilities
 People with brain diseases or injuries

Symptoms
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are movements of the face, lips, tongue, torso, arms, and legs.  The person with tardive dyskinesia cannot stop or control these movements.  For example, people with tardive dyskinesia often cannot stop themselves from:
 Smacking their lips
 Pushing their tongue out
 Swinging their jaw
 Moving their mouth like they are chewing or sucking
 Moving their fingers, arms, or legs

Often, people with tardive dyskinesia also have akathisia.  This is a constant urge to move, or always being restless.

Prevention
Doctors can try to prevent tardive dyskinesia by:
 Using the lowest possible dose of antipsychotic medicine
 Using antipsychotic medicine for the shortest possible time
 Using newer (atypical) antipsychotic medicines instead of older antipsychotics which are more likely to cause TD
 Checking for symptoms of TD at every appointment with the patient

Treatment
Diagnosing tardive dyskinesia early is very important.  Sometimes, if the drug that is causing TD is stopped early enough, the tardive dyskinesia will go away.  This is more likely to happen if the TD is diagnosed soon after its symptoms start.

Sometimes, even if the medication is stopped, the tardive dyskinesia never goes away.

If a person with TD still needs antipsychotic medicines, a medication called clozapine (Clozaril) is the best choice.  It is a newer antipsychotic, it often works well for schizophrenia that is hard to treat, and it has less of a risk of causing or worsening TD.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medicines to treat the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.  Some doctors use these medications:
 Benzodiazepines, especially clonazepam (Klonopin)
 Clonidine (Catapres), a medication used for blood pressure and many other things
 Medicines given for Parkinson's disease, like pramipexole (Mirapex) and baclofen

Some small experiments have said that these medicines may be helpful for TD symptoms:
 Ondansetron (Zofran), a medicine for nausea and vomiting
 Vitamin E
 Levodopa (L-DOPA), an old medicine used for Parkinson's disease
 Propranolol, a blood pressure medicine that can also be used for tremors
 Zonisamide (Zonegran), an anti-seizure medication
 Botulinum toxin (Botox)

References

Neurology

Tardive dyskinesia


Therocephalia ('beast-heads') are an extinct group of theriodonts. They lived from the middle Permian into the Triassic 265—245 million years ago, about 20 million years.

The therocephalians  are named after their large skulls. Their skulls, with the structure of their teeth, suggest that they were successful carnivores.

Like other non-mammalian therapsids, therocephalians are sometimes described as mammal-like reptiles. In fact Therocephalia is the group most closely related to the cynodonts, which gave rise to the mammals.

This relationship shows in a variety of anatomical features, possibly including whiskers and hair. There remain many unanswered questions about the phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology of therocephalians.

The fossils of therocephalians are numerous in the Karoo of South Africa, but have also been found in Russia, China, and Antarctica.

Early therocephalian fossils discovered in Middle Permian deposits of South Africa support a Gondwanan origin for the group, which seems to have spread quickly throughout the world. Although almost every therocephalian lineage ended during the great Permian–Triassic extinction event, a few representatives of the subgroup (called Eutherocephalia) survived into the early Triassic and continued to diversify.

However, the last therocephalians became extinct by the early middle Triassic. The reasons for their extinction are not known.

Theriodonts

Therocephalia


RPC-TV is a television network, and is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with repeaters throughout the country. RPC is the oldest commercial TV station in Panama, airing imported shows, programming for kids, and local and international sporting events.

History
Between 1956 and 1960, television was an exclusive privilege of the Panama Canal Zone, with SCN's broadcasts in English on Channel 8 being aimed at military and civilian residents. This changed on 14 March 1960 when RPC Television becomes the first television channel of Panama, changing the city life of all Panamanians. The experience and prestige achieved by Fernando Eleta with his company, Radio Programas Continentales (RPC) has been predicted since 1951, and it wouldn't take long before it managed to bring television to Panama. After two years of hard work, difficulties and risks, on March 14, 1960, RPC Television broke into city life with the broadcast of its first signal, beginning the era of television in Panama

References

External links
 RPC Channel 4 official website

Television stations in Panama
Television channels and stations established in 1960
Mass media in Panama City

RPC (Panama)


The Beijing Shooting Range Hall () is a shooting hall located in Shijingshan District, Beijing. It hosted the qualifying rounds and finals of ten shooting sports events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, consisting of all 10-, 25- and 50-metre events. It was the venue of the first gold medal awarded at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The entire shooting sports events for the 2008 Summer Paralympics were also held at this venue.

Construction of the venue broke ground on July 13, 2004 and was completed on July 28, 2007. It was used for a pre-Olympic test event in April 2008 as part of the 2008 ISSF World Cup. The venue, with a total surface area of 45,645 square meters, contains qualification competition halls, a final competition hall, a storehouse, a room for armed police use, a heating and ventilation equipment room, and an electric transformer room.

The qualification competition hall contains 10m, 25m, and 50 m target ranges. The final competition hall contains sealed 10m, 25m, and 50m target ranges.

The venue has a total seating capacity for 8,600 spectators, with 2,170 permanent seats and 6,430 removable seats. The qualification competition halls can seat 6,100 and the final competition hall can seat 2,500.

The Beijing Shooting Range Hall was designed to reflect the shape of a hunting bow. This design takes into consideration the origins of the sport of shooting—hunting in the forest. The Shooting Hall's qualification competition halls and the final competition hall are connected by the venue's main entrance, which contributes to the venue's "bow" shape.

Post-Games, the venue will host important international and Chinese shooting competitions and serve as the training base for the Chinese national shooting team and youth training grounds. Parts of the venue might be used as a national defense teaching facility. Additionally, the venue may be used to promote shooting as a sport to the public and to promote the Olympic spirit.

References
Beijing2008.cn profile

Shooting ranges in China
Sports venues in Beijing
Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic shooting venues

Beijing Shooting Range Hall


Norma Elena Morandini (born 31 March 1948) is an Argentine journalist and politician. She was elected to the Argentine Senate in 2009, and was nominated as running mate by Progressive Front presidential candidate Hermes Binner for the 2011 campaign

Life and times
Morandini was born in Córdoba, Argentina, in 1948. Her mother served as President of the Córdoba chapter of the Communist Party of Argentina during the 1960s. She enrolled at the National University of Córdoba, and earned degrees in communications, psychology, and medicine. She joined the Revolutionary Communist Party of Argentina following its 1968 break from the Communist Party, and lost two brothers as desaparecidos in the subsequent Dirty War.

She sought exile in Spain, where she continued her career in journalism. She worked in Lisbon from 1977 to 1980 as a news correspondent for the Pyresa news agency, for El Correo Catalán, and Revista Cambio 16, as well as for the Portuguese magazine Visao.  She met left-wing journalist and Brazilian exile Flávio de Freitas Tavares, and they were married in 1980. Her career as a correspondent for Cambio 16 first took her to Brazil in 1978, and despite being separated from her husband (who was unable to return to Brazil, where he had been tortured), she would live there until 1984.

Morandini covered the Trial of the Juntas and subsequent trials against officers implicated in the Dirty War for the leading Rio de Janeiro daily O Globo until 1987. She remained in Buenos Aires, and her first book Catamarca (regarding the María Soledad Morales murder and other abuses in Catamarca Province), was published in 1991. She hosted an interview program on the TN news network, Temas & Debates, from 1992, and earned a Martín Fierro Award for her work in the program in 1994, as well as two Broadcasting Awards.

She established a short lived women's magazine, Mujeres & Compañía, in 1995, and left her post as Argentine correspondent for Cambio 16 in 1998, after which she contributed columns for Clarín until 2006, as well as for Rumbos (the Sunday magazine published by La Voz del Interior in Córdoba). She published El Harén (The Harem) in 1998, which examined the growing role of Arab Argentines in business and politics. Her work as host of Tierra de Periodistas (Land of Journalists) earned her a second Martín Fierro in 2000, and in 2001, she produced the documentary Operación Aries (in reference to the military code name of the March 1976 coup) for the 25th anniversary of the event. She later hosted Paradojas y Código N on Public Television.

Morandini was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies on the Civic Front ticket in 2005, and in 2009, joined former Córdoba Mayor Luis Juez on a Civic Coalition ticket that resulted in the election of both to the Argentine Senate. She was appointed ranking member of the Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Growth during her tenure in the Senate, and on 11 June 2011, Santa Fe Governor and Socialist presidential candidate Hermes Binner nominated Morandini as his running mate on their Broad Progressive Front ticket for the 2011 campaign.

References

External links
Norma Morandini

1948 births
Living people
Argentine people of Italian descent
People from Córdoba, Argentina
National University of Córdoba alumni
Argentine women journalists
Argentine non-fiction writers
Argentine television personalities
Women television personalities
Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Córdoba
Members of the Argentine Senate for Córdoba
Women members of the Argentine Senate
Women members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies

Norma Morandini


Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Foggini (25 April 1652 – 12 April 1725) was an Italian sculptor active in Florence, renowned mainly for small bronze statuary.

Biography
Born in Florence, the young Foggini was sent to Rome by the Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany to join the so-called Accademia Fiorentina, and apprentice in the Roman sculptural studio of Ercole Ferrata, a pupil of Algardi. He was also tutored in drawing by the Accademia's first director (1673–86), Ciro Ferri, who was a pupil of Cortona. Returning to Florence in 1676, he became the court sculptor for Cosimo III.

After the son of Pietro Tacca, Fernando, died in 1686, the mantle of the premier local sculptor fell to Foggini, who would become the Medici's Architetto Primario e Primo scultore della Casa Serenissima as well as Soprintendente dei Lavori (1687–1725). In 1687, Foggini acquired the foundry in Borgo Pinti that had once belonged to the sculptor Giambologna. This allowed him to specialize in small bronzes, produced mainly and profitably for export. His adaptation of Pietro Tacca's Moors was the basis of bronze and ceramic reproductions for the connoisseur market well into the 18th century.

In Florence, his masterpieces are his sculptural relief work in the Capella Corsini of the Chiesa del Carmine. The chapel was erected by Bartolomeo and Cardinal Neri Corsini in memory of their recently canonized ancestral family member, San Andrea Corsini. It contains three large marble reliefs depicting his life: San Andrea in Glory, The Mass of San Andrea Corsini and The Battle of Anghiari (1685–87). He also completed works in Cappella Feroni in the Annunziata. Another work is the main staircase of the Medici-Riccardi Palace in Florence.

Among his small bronzes are David with the Head of Goliath.

Foggini's pupils included Fernando Fuga, his nephew Filippo della Valle, Balthasar Permoser, Giovacchino Fortini and Giovanni Baratta. Massimiliano Soldani Benzi was a contemporary student with Foggini in Rome and also active in small bronze sculpture.

Gallery

Notes

External links

 Gli Ultimi Medici, Review by Peter Cannon-Brookes, in The Burlington Magazine, 1974, p 777-80.

1652 births
1725 deaths
Sculptors from Florence
17th-century Italian sculptors
Italian male sculptors
18th-century Italian sculptors
Court sculptors
18th-century Italian male artists

Giovanni Battista Foggini


Gilla Cóemáin mac Gilla Samthainde was a Medieval Irish poet (fl. 1072).

He was author of Annálad anall uile, a poem of fifty-eight quatrains, and a number of other works. Some of his works were incorporated into Lebor Gabála Érenn.

References

 Gilla Cóemáin's chronological poem, in The tripartite Life of Patrick (ed. and trans. by Whitley Stokes, London, 1887.
 Book of Leinster iii, pp. 496–503, Dublin, 1957.
 Three poems ascribed to Gilla Cóemáin: a critical edition, DPhil diss (Oxford, 1996), Dr. Peter J. Smith.
 Three Poems Ascribed to Gilla Cóemáin: A Critical Edition of the Work of an Eleventh-Century Irish Scholar, Peter J. Smith, Münster, 2008.
 Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century, Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Peritia 12, 1996.

Irish scribes
Medieval European scribes
11th-century Irish poets
Irish male poets
Irish-language writers

Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde


Broadway Melody of 1940 is a 1940 MGM film musical starring Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell and George Murphy (Astaire's first male dancing partner on film). It was directed by Norman Taurog and features music by Cole Porter, including "Begin the Beguine".

The film was the fourth and final entry in MGM's "Broadway Melody" series of films, and is notable for being the only on-screen pairing of Astaire and Powell, who were considered the finest film musical dancers of their time.

Plot
Johnny Brett (Fred Astaire) and King Shaw (George Murphy) are a dance team so down on their luck that they work in a dance hall for no money. Meanwhile, Clare Bennett (Eleanor Powell) is a big Broadway star. Owing to a case of mistaken identity, Shaw is offered the chance to be Clare's dancing partner in a new Broadway show, when Johnny's dancing was really what producer Bob Casey (Frank Morgan) saw and wanted. The partnership breaks up, but Johnny still helps out King, who lets his newfound success go to his head. Clare eventually realizes that Johnny, not King, is the better dancer, and she falls in love after having lunch with him. When Shaw gets drunk on opening night, Johnny steps in and saves the show with a brilliant performance, though he lets King think he did it himself. Clare later tells King the truth. Just before the next show, Clare discovers King drunk again, and Johnny becomes the permanent replacement. After the show, they find out that King was pretending to be drunk so that Johnny would get the job.

Cast
 Fred Astaire as Johnny Brett
 Eleanor Powell as Clare Bennett
 George Murphy as King Shaw
 Frank Morgan as Bob Casey
 Ian Hunter as Bert C. Matthews
 Florence Rice as Amy Blake, Casey's Secretary
 Lynne Carver as Emmy Lou Lee
 Ann Morriss as Pearl Delonge
 Trixie Firschke as Juggler
 Herman Bing as Silhouettist (uncredited)

Cast notes:
 Mel Blanc appears, uncredited, as a panhandler.

Musical numbers
"Please Don't Monkey with Broadway" - words and music by Cole Porter, sung and danced by Fred Astaire and George Murphy
"All Ashore" - words and music by Roger Edens, sung by Eleanor Powell, one of the few times she was ever shown singing with her own voice rather than being overdubbed.
"Between You and Me" - words and music by Cole Porter, sung by George Murphy, danced by Murphy and Eleanor Powell
"I've Got My Eyes on You" - words and music by Cole Porter, sung and danced by Fred Astaire
"Jukebox Dance" - words and music by Walter Ruick, danced by Eleanor Powell and Fred Astaire.  Powell later said this number was her favorite out of all her filmed dances.
"I Concentrate on You" - words and music by Cole Porter, sung by Douglas McPhail, danced by Eleanor Powell and Fred Astaire
"Begin the Beguine" - words and music by Cole Porter, sung in two styles as part of the final musical piece in the film. The song is first sung in dramatic style by mezzo-soprano Lois Hodnott (who was also used to dub the vocals for screwball soprano Carmen D'Antonio in the comedy audition sequence Il Bacio in the middle of the movie) on a "tropical" set, with Powell, joined by Astaire dancing in side-by-side, their choreography drawing heavily on flamenco dance. Later, after it is sung in what was then contemporary jazz style by The Music Maids, Astaire and Powell tap dance to a big band accompaniment; the sequence includes a passage in which they tap dance with no musical accompaniment. The big-band/jazz segment was featured in the 1974 documentary That's Entertainment!, which noted in the narration that this dance was the last of MGM's big black-and-white production numbers.
"I've Got My Eyes on You" (instrumental and choral reprise) - danced by Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell and George Murphy

Production
Broadway Melody of 1940 was based on a story by Jack McGowan and Dore Schary.  Schary would go on to be head of production (1948) and then president (1951) of MGM until 1956.  The film was originally planned to be shot in Technicolor, but because of the unsettled state of Europe due to World War II, MGM decided to stick to black and white.

The film was the fourth and final entry in MGM's loosely connected Broadway Melody series, which began with the original The Broadway Melody released in 1929, and was followed by Broadway Melody of 1936 and Broadway Melody of 1938. The films were unconnected except for the use of the song "Broadway Melody" (the 1940 entry did not feature the number, although a bit of it can be heard over the film's opening credits), and the fact that Powell starred in the 1936, 1938 and 1940 entries, playing different roles in each. A fifth Broadway Melody film was planned for release in the early 1940s, pairing Eleanor Powell with Gene Kelly, but production was cancelled at the rehearsal stage. Another production was to have been called Broadway Melody of 1944 but was instead renamed Broadway Rhythm. The 1940 entry is considered Powell's last major successful film, as she would go on to appear in a succession of only moderate hits before retiring from the screen several years later. It has the distinction of being the first non-documentary film featuring Powell to be released on DVD.

Fred Astaire had just left RKO, and Broadway Melody of 1940 was his first film for MGM since his small part in 1933's Dancing Lady. Astaire was reportedly slightly intimidated by Powell, as she was considered one of the few female dancers capable of out-performing Astaire. According to Powell in her introduction to the book, The MGM Story, the feeling was somewhat mutual.  Powell recalled finally saying to Astaire, "Look, we can't go on like this. I'm Ellie; you're Fred. We're just two hoofers," after which, they got along well, and rehearsed so much they wore out their pianist.

Broadway Melody of 1940 was in production from early September until late November 1939.  The set for the "Begin the Beguine" number cost $120,000 to construct.  It utilized a sixty-foot multi-paneled mirror mounted on a revolving track to change backgrounds.

The film is alluded to in satirist Tom Lehrer's song "George Murphy", about the dancer becoming a United States senator:
Think of all the musicals we have in store,
Imagine: Broadway Melody of Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Accolades
"Begin the Beguine" was nominated for the American Film Institute's 2004 list AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs, while the film was nominated for the 2006 AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals.

References

External links

1940 musical films
1940 films
American black-and-white films
Films about musical theatre
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films set in New York City
American musical films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

Broadway Melody of 1940


Dunaverty is a heritage-listed detached house at 21 Birkbeck Street, Albion, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1887 by Archibald McNish Fraser. It is also known as Carvarmore. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

History
Dunaverty was built in 1887 by builder and real estate entrepreneur Archibald McNish Fraser.

Fraser arrived in Brisbane from Argylshire in Scotland in 1880, aged 22, having completed his building apprenticeship, but with little money. He began his career in Brisbane working as a building contractor in Brisbane and Cleveland. Fraser built up his business, and by the mid-1880s had begun to move into real estate. Within two years of his arrival, he married Jemima Barclay, and in 1885 he purchased the Dunaverty site from his father-in-law, ganger John Barclay. He formally launched his own real estate business called the Onward Real Property Mart in 1887, the same year that Dunaverty was completed. By 1888 he had been made a Justice of the Peace.

In 1888 Fraser was praised as exemplifying a breed of young Brisbane entrepreneurs who had risen to affluence from modest beginnings, saying: "...It is with pride the city looks upon the prosperity of many such young men...".

Fraser personalised Dunaverty with the decorative detailing. Much of the glass and timberwork incorporates Scottish thistle motifs. The fanlights over the four doors to the front of the house incorporate the nicknames of three of his five children (two were born whilst the Frasers lived at Dunaverty) and his wife: Nellie, Charlie, Mima, and Katie (Ellen, Charles, Jemima and Christina). The house may have been built to showcase Fraser's business.

The Fraser family moved out of Dunaverty during the recession in the early 1890s to Exeter St, West End. The family lived in a number of residences in South Brisbane and Highgate Hill in the following years. Dunaverty remained the property of the Frasers until 1912. Archibald McNish Fraser died in 1918.

After the Fraser family moved out of Dunaverty, the house had new tenants almost every year. A tenant in 1895 was John Thomas Clough, also a Scot, from Glasgow,  the manager of the  Queensland Woollen Company,  with his wife and children, while waiting for the completion of construction of a new house in Norman Parade, Eagle Junction.   During their tenancy, in documents, the Cloughs temporarily called Fraser's house, "Raven Rock"
, after RavenRock,, now the location of a stilted lighthouse, on Loch Long from the Firth of Clyde.  The new house of the Cloughs in Eagle Junction received this name too, upon completion and until it was sold by the Clough family after 1929.

In 1912 Dunaverty was bought by William McGregor, when it was renamed "Carvarmore". Again it was not occupied by its owners until it was sold again in 1925. The south-east verandah may have been added around this time. Prior to 1998, a previous owner added a polygonal room to the southern corner, and bathroom and laundry structures to the rear of the house. Dunaverty changed hands several times but continued to be used as a rental property until 1998 when it became owner-occupied again.

The house remains intact as a boom-era residence with personalised detailing. However, during 1998 the house was vacant, and some of the cedar joinery and ironmongery was stolen.

Description

Located on the corner of Birkbeck and Hudson Rd, Dunaverty is a picturesque chamferboard cottage with a hipped corrugated iron roof. In its corner position and with its rich external detailing, the residence is prominent in a street of modest cottages along Birkbeck St, and makes a picturesque contribution to the streetscape.

The house is L-shaped in plan, with a wing extending out to the north east. It has a front verandah overlooking Birkbeck St to the south-west, a side verandah along the south eastern frontage, and an enclosed verandah in the northern corner. The building has a hipped roof, with gently curved verandah awnings.

The front elevation presents a richly decorated face to the street framed by mature palms. The verandah has cast iron posts with floriated capitals, and richly detailed cast iron valances and balustrade panels. The main entrance has a projecting barrel vault supported on paired posts, which has a finely carved fretwork panel with thistle motifs and a unicorn in a crest. The end panels of the verandah thistle motifs encircling a lion in a crest. The main roof has a scalloped timber trim and carved double eaves brackets. The front entrance has coloured glass surrounds with etched thistle motifs, and is flanked by projecting bay windows.

The north-west elevation facing Hudson Rd has sash windows protected by hoods on shaped timber brackets with fretwork panels which also incorporate the thistle motif. The rear verandah is enclosed with vertical timber louvres, but the fretwork end panels remain visible. Timber French doors and casement windows open onto the verandah to the south-east. Two richly detailed brick chimneys surmounted by barley-twisted terracotta chimney pots are visible from the rear of the house.

The house has three bedrooms and a rear kitchen along the south-western side; a central entrance hall, and a joined living and dining room to the north-east. The interior contains fine decorative detailing. It has cedar joinery throughout. The fanlights above the four doors to the front of the house are made of fretwork panels which incorporate the thistle motifs, and nicknames of Fraser's family: Nellie, Charlie, Mima, and Katie. The house has timber ceiling roses throughout which also incorporate thistle patterns, as do the coloured glass panels to the hall door (no longer extant). Much of the ironmongery in the house, particularly the door hinges and some escutcheons are decorated with floral patterns.

Dunaverty is an intact "boom era" middle class residence with fine idiosyncratic detailing which makes a picturesque contribution to Birkbeck St.

Heritage listing
Dunaverty was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

It has a strong association with one of Brisbane's 1880s immigrant entrepreneurs, Archibald McNish Fraser. The house is a fine and intact example of a "boom era" 1880s timber residence which contains fine personalised detailing and which makes a picturesque contribution to the Birkbeck St and Hudson Rd streetscape.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

The house is a fine and intact example of a "boom era" 1880s timber residence which contains fine personalised detailing and which makes a picturesque contribution to the Birkbeck St and Hudson Rd streetscape.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The house is a fine and intact example of a "boom era" 1880s timber residence which contains fine personalised detailing and which makes a picturesque contribution to the Birkbeck St and Hudson Rd streetscape.

The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.

It has a strong association with one of Brisbane's 1880s immigrant entrepreneurs, Archibald McNish Fraser.

References

Attribution

External links

Queensland Heritage Register
Heritage of Brisbane
Albion, Queensland
Houses in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Houses completed in 1887

Dunaverty, Albion


Son of India is a 1931 American pre-Code romance film directed by Jacques Feyder and starring Ramón Novarro and Madge Evans. The film is based on the 1882 novel Mr. Isaacs written by Francis Marion Crawford.

Plot
Karim is the son of rajah and jewel merchant Hamid, traveling with him through India. On the twentieth day of their journey, after Karim hears his father speak about the importance of gratitude, they are attacked by bandits. The group of travelers is massacred, but Rao Rama, a holy man, hides Karim in a shallow grave. He survives the tragedy, and is left with his father's most valuable diamond.

Karim next journeys to Bombay, where he attempts to sell the diamond in a jewelry store. Feeling that they aren't offering him enough money, he leaves. The corrupt store owners claim that Karim is a thief. He is arrested, and unable to prove he is the true owner of his father's diamond, faces a long prison sentence. William Darsey, an American witness, saves him by revealing the truth and Karim is released.

Some time later, Karim becomes one of the wealthiest men of Bombay, attending many high society social functions. At a polo match, he meets Janice Darsey, an attractive young American woman accompanied by her aunt and Dr. Wallace. Feeling attracted to each other, they are soon in love. This is much to Mrs. Darsey's dislike, who doesn't approve of her niece dating an Indian man. She attempts to sabotage their relationship by announcing that the Darseys will leave for Calcutta.

Janice, however, does not want to leave Karim and runs away from her aunt to secretly accompany Karim on a tiger hunt. When her aunt finds out, she is infuriated and immediately calls for William, who happens to be Janice's brother. During the hunt, Karim notices his father's killer. When confronted, the murderer shoots at Karim. Janice starts to hide and stumbles upon a poisonous plant. Karim brings her to safety and removes the poison, after which they become engaged. Back at home, William and Mrs. Darsey try to stop the marriage by telling them lies, but Karim and Janice come to the conclusion that their love for each other is stronger.

Cast
Ramón Novarro as Karim
Madge Evans as Janice Darsey
Conrad Nagel as William Darsey
Marjorie Rambeau as Mrs. Darsey
C. Aubrey Smith as Dr. Wallace
Mitchell Lewis as Hamid
John Miljan as Juggat
Nigel De Brulier as Rao Rama
Katherine DeMille as Amah (uncredited)
Ann Dvorak as Dancer (uncredited)

Production
Son of India reunited Ramón Novarro with Jacques Feyder, whom he previously had worked with before on Daybreak (1931). It was Feyder's last film before returning to Europe. Novarro's leading lady was Madge Evans. Evans was at the beginning of her MGM career and she was later assigned as Novarro's love interest several times again.

References

External links

1931 films
1931 romantic drama films
American romantic drama films
American black-and-white films
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Francis Marion Crawford
Films directed by Jacques Feyder
Films set in Mumbai
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films

Son of India (1931 film)


Culinary theatre is the creation or enhancement of a spectacle during the service of food and beverages. This form of theatrics aims to excite or even entertain the diner, patron or customer, usually without affecting the flavour of the food(s) and/or beverage(s) to be consumed. In its simplest form, this may include candles and/or sparklers placed on a birthday cake, which give a dining room an exciting ambiance.

Culinary theatrics in food service

It is a long established practice in many restaurants and eateries to combine some element of theatrics into the dining experience for their patrons. Crêpes Suzette, when served in medium to high-end restaurants, is traditionally served by being bussed out from the kitchen, and set alight just before being placed on the patron's table.

Flair bartending

The practice of enhancing the presentation of beverages, and especially cocktails, by use of theatrics became increasingly elaborate over the 20th century. Such enhancement may include highly skilled and very fast-paced throwing, spinning, catching and juggling of liquor bottles (to the point of being a feature of the 1988 film Cocktail).

See also
 Flambé

References

Culinary arts
Serving and dining

Culinary theatre


The  is a full-size luxury SUV sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota since January 1996, having entered manufacturing in November 1995. It is Lexus' largest and most expensive luxury SUV. Four generations have been produced, all based heavily on the long-running Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs. The first-generation LX 450 started production in 1995 as Lexus' first entry into the SUV market. Its successor, the LX 470, premiered in 1998 and was manufactured until 2007. The third-generation LX debuted at the New York International Auto Show in April 2007. The fourth-generation LX debuted in October 2021.

The first-generation LX 450 had a straight-six engine and seats for seven passengers. The second and third-generations had a V8 engine powertrain, a welded steel body-shell combined with full-size steel ladder frame (body-on-frame construction), and seats for eight passengers. The fourth-generation model has a twin-turbocharged V6 engine powertrain and seats for seven passengers as standard and four passengers as an option. The second-generation LX 470 shared exterior styling with the Japanese domestic market Land Cruiser Cygnus.

According to Lexus, the "LX" name stands for "Luxury Crossover". However, some Lexus importers use the backronymic name, "Luxury Four Wheel Drive".

First generation (J80; 1995)

1995–1997
Rapidly developed in the mid-1990s as a result of threatening US trade sanctions on Japanese luxury cars, the LX 450 started production in November 1995 and was released to the US in January 1996 as a 1996 model; Canada received the LX from 1997. The LX 450 was Lexus's first SUV and was almost entirely based on the sixth generation Toyota Land Cruiser (J80). Differences lay in a restyled, more luxurious interior and softer suspension settings. The first LX 450 rolled off the production line in December 1995.

The LX 450 was powered by a 4.5-liter, twin-cam, four-valve inline-six engine that produced  and  of torque.  Both front and rear axles were solid. Externally, the LX 450 was identical to the J80 series Land Cruiser, with the exception of the grille, side body cladding, and wheels. Side running boards give step-up access. The vehicle had additional sound-absorbing insulation.

Amenities included leather seats and seating for seven passengers in three rows, the third row accessed by tilting the second row bench seat forward. The third row could be folded to the side and the second row folded down for further space. The vehicle was pre-wired for the Lexus remote telephone system, and had a remote entry key system. The three options consisted of a console-mounted 6-disc CD changer, electronic front and rear locking differentials, and a power moonroof. At the time of its sales debut in early 1996, the LX 450 was listed in the US at a suggested base price of $47,995, an approximately $7,000 premium over the Land Cruiser, with a base price of $40,678 in 1996, but a similarly optioned Land Cruiser would cost $46,968.

Targeted against luxury SUV competitors such as Range Rover, the LX 450 sold over 5,000 units in 1996 and over 9,000 units in 1997. At its launch it sold out its initial production allocation, resulting in a two-month wait list, surpassing initial expectations which had called for 4,000 units that year. It was brought to market as US buyers showed greater interest in large SUVs, which had grown popular because of their high driver's vantage point and truck-like characteristics. Lexus customer research revealed that one in six owners were purchasing large SUVs to add to their garages. An additional factor was the US-Japan trade war of the mid-1990s. The US government threatened to place 100 percent tariffs on all Japanese luxury import cars, but not including SUVs. The LX 450 was produced as a rebadged model (in contrast with other Lexus efforts which were independently or divergently developed from Toyota vehicles), giving a model that was exempt from the tariff.  Ultimately a gentlemen's agreement was reached and the threatened tariffs did not materialize.

The LX 450 replaced the Land Cruiser in the Canadian market starting after 1996, reducing internal competition (big expensive SUVs have traditionally faced a difficult market in Canada) and avoiding the issue of selling a rebadged model (except for GM, Ford and Chrysler, rebadged models in Canada have not met with success). For a  vehicle, the LX 450 was regarded by some critics as underpowered, leading to the shortening of its model cycle (despite sales increases) and replacement with a V8-powered successor.

The LX 450 was the top-ranked full-size SUV in J.D. Power and Associates' Initial Quality Survey, with the lowest number of problems during the first three months of ownership.

Engines

Second generation (J100; 1998)

1998–2002
In the mid-1990s, work started on a Lexus variant of the Toyota Land Cruiser (J100), the LX (J100). The final design by Hiroya Kitazumi was approved in 1995, with updates by Kitazumi approved in 2001 and 2004. Testing was conducted from the mid-1990s till late 1997. In December 1997, the second generation LX 470 debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show, going on sale in the second quarter of 1998. It shared the floor pan and most body panels with the equivalent Land Cruiser, and differed in its front appearance and had a more luxurious interior. Exterior design differences included a quad-headlamp forward fascia with larger grille and different wheels. It was powered by a LEV-certified 4.7-liter V8 engine, which initially produced , later upgraded to  , then . The final torque value was . It was rated to tow  with the tow package installed.

The front gained independent suspension, and the optional electronic locking front and rear differentials were dropped – although the rear locking differential was still available in Canada in 1998–1999. Suspension included Adjustable Height Control (AHC) hydraulic suspension and Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS). The AHC could raise the vehicle for off-roading and return to a normal driving height reducing the center of gravity and wind resistance. The lowest setting for when the vehicle was stopped allowed for easier entry, exit and loading. AVS alters shock absorber firmness in under 2.5 milliseconds at each wheel, individually selecting from a range of 64 settings depending on road conditions and driver input such as steering-wheel activity, braking and acceleration. The AVS system used a switch for the driver's preferences including "normal", "comfort" and "sport" modes.

Nakamichi stereo with in-dash six-disc CD changer was optional from 1998, and became standard in 2000. A DVD-based navigation system was offered starting in 2001 with the brand new standard Mark Levinson sound system. The navigation system would become standard from 2002. electrochromic Power folding side mirrors, and a smog sensor for the HVAC system were offered. For 2000 models, Vehicle Stability Control and brake assist were made standard, along with Toyota's new A-TRAC (Active Traction Control System).

2002–2005
During 2002 for the 2003 model year, Lexus introduced minor tweaks to the exterior, a 5-speed transmission including larger standard 18-inch wheels, a new front bumper, etc. The interior was substantially overhauled, adopting the corresponding updates to the Land Cruiser's interior, and with Bluetooth and a backup camera now available. In the US, both were optional with the camera coupled with the navigation system, due to the shared screen. Lexus increased power from  to .  The updated engine now met CARB ULEV-II emission standards.  Lexus added front row side torso airbags and side curtain airbags, electronic brakeforce distribution and rain-sensing windshield wipers as standard. An 11-speaker Mark Levinson premium sound system and a DVD Rear-Seat Entertainment System (RSES) were made optional. Other new features included Lexus Link, an emergency service similar to GM's Onstar, in North America.

The Night View infrared camera safety system was offered as an option in 2002, projecting information on the windshield using a head-up display; the driver could vary brightness using a dimmer knob. The 2003 LX 470 came with Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) system, varying steering ratios from 12.4 to 1 to 18.0 to 1 (previously fixed at 19.8 to 1), allowing the driver to apply less steering input to maneuver in tight places such as parking lots. By changing the ratio on the highway, minor adjustments made by the driver would not create excessive vehicular movement.

2005–2007

In 2005 for the 2006 model year, a refresher included LED tail lamps, adding VVT-i to the engine and increasing its power to . During 2006, for the final model year, 2007, Lexus produced 400 "Limited Edition" LX 470s with Black Onyx paint, stone leather interior, and specialized badging and scuff plates.

Several awards were made for the J100 series:
 The LX 470 was named by J.D. Power and Associates as the best luxury SUV in initial quality in 2000, 2002, and 2004.
 Kelley Blue Book gave the LX 470 its Best to Hold Value Award in 1998, 1999, and 2000.
 In a 2000 Edmunds.com comparison with four other premium SUVs, the LX 470 took first place.
 In a 2003 Edmunds.com comparison, the LX 470's Mark Levinson audio system and navigation system were the highest rated in their respective categories.
 In 2005, J.D. Power named the LX 470 the most reliable luxury SUV over a three-year period in its Vehicle Dependability Study.

Gallery

Engines

Third generation (J200; 2007)

2007–2010
On April 4, 2007, Lexus debuted the 2008 model year LX 570 at the New York International Auto Show. It was a complete redesign, and the first version to be debuted before its expected Land Cruiser counterpart. The design by Shinichi Hiranaka was approved in 2004, who also did the design update approved in 2010. It has a new UL EV-II certified 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 engine. Power output is  with  of torque. The more powerful engine helps give an increased towing capacity of up to . The engine is tied to a six-speed sequential-shift automatic transmission with an all-new 4WD system which uses a Torsen center differential. Development began on both the Land Cruiser (J200) and Lexus LX equivalent in 2002. The final design was approved in 2004, with testing being conducted into early 2007 on development prototypes and late 2007 on pre-production models. The final design patent for the J200 series Lexus LX was filed on March 27, 2007.

The LX 570 is  longer overall and  wider, while retaining the same wheelbase. It loses the plastic lower body side cladding leaving the paint exposed. A third of the frame's body mass is made from high-tensile steel, along with the entire B-pillar, and all three crossmembers are hydroformed steel. Like the Toyota Tundra the tow hitch is integrated into the frame. The front suspension now uses double wishbones, replacing the torsion beam, which gives  of suspension travel, while the rear continues to use a multi-link suspension with a solid rear axle for strength and durability. The LX platform has logged 240,000 test kilometers through subtropical forests, the Australian Outback and American deserts.

The LX 570 comes standard with 20-inch wheels, a four-wheel electro-hydraulic suspension with an updated six-setting AHC system that can raise the vehicle by  or lower it by  from its normal ride height using a knob in the center console.  The front suspension's air bag spring rates are variable, but not continuously like a fully active suspension arrangement. The AVS provides more immediate damper firmness adjustments that are diagonally cross-linked through a mechanical system using hydraulic fluid, similar to the 4Runner's X-REAS system.

Other performance features include a Crawl Control (more advanced version of Downhill Assist Control) system that negotiates off-road obstacles in both forward and reverse at low speeds by automatically providing throttle and braking inputs for less experienced off-road drivers: an interior lever allows the driver to reduce speed. A multi-terrain anti-lock braking system gives shorter stopping distances on surfaces such as sand or gravel. Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) prevents rolling backwards on hills or slippery surfaces.

The interior includes amenities, standard and optional, featured in the 2007 LS 460, such as semi-aniline leather seats, four-zone climate control, a 19-speaker 450 Watt Mark Levinson surround-sound stereo system with hard-drive memory storage, a hard-drive-based navigation system, XM satellite radio with NavTraffic as standard, a two-piece power liftgate/tailgate and Lexus Intuitive Park Assist, sonar parking assistance. Other features include Bubinga wood trim, a center console cooler for storage of cold drinks, power sliding rear seats, power third row seats, and a  DVD rear-seat entertainment system.

It also has the updated Lexus fifth-generation hard-drive-based navigation system with an 8-inch high-resolution VGA display. Lexus' keyless SmartAccess with an ultra-thin "smart card" key is standard with 10 airbags including knee airbags for driver and front passenger and second row side torso airbags, and the Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is standard, while the Pre-Collision System (PCS) and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control systems are options. Active front headrests debut this Lexus safety feature for the first time on an SUV in the U.S. A new Wide-view Front and Side Monitor system uses a camera mounted on the grille giving a 180-degree view in front and a camera mounted on the passenger side of the side mirror helps eliminate blind spots at low speeds useful in parking lots or off-road adventures. Night View was discontinued.

In 2009, the LX 570 received J.D. Power's top score in its Initial Quality Study.

2010–2012
In 2010 for the 2011 model year, Lexus introduced a mild facelift with a new front bumper, and for sports models a stick-on body kit on the front and rear bumpers. The new front bumper gave the effect of the new Lexus "spindle" grille without redesigning any of the major bodywork components. This was the first year to have the heated steering wheel option.

2012–2015
A more substantial facelift arrived in 2012 for the 2013 model year, characterized by a new grille, bumpers, headlamps, tail lamp lenses and miscellaneous trim changes such as new wheel designs.

2015–2021
Another facelift was unveiled in August 2015 at the US Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. The update brought significant changes with an all-new interior, and the only exterior panels carried over were the doors and the roof.

Gallery

Engines

Fourth generation (J310; 2021)

The fourth-generation LX was unveiled on October 13, 2021, which is based on the J300 series Land Cruiser. Unlike the corresponding Land Cruiser, the fourth-generation LX is available in North America. For the first time, two twin-turbocharged V6 engines are offered instead of V8s: a  gasoline unit for the LX 600, and a 3.3-liter diesel unit for the LX 500d, both mated to a 10-speed automatic transmission.

The "F Sport" trim is offered for the first time, replacing the previous "Sport" trim. The "VIP/Executive/Ultra Luxury" trim with four individual seats is also available. The "Offroad" trim with three locking differentials is available exclusively in Japan.

Engines

Sales
Sales data, from manufacturer yearly data.

References

External links

Toyota Land Cruiser
LX
Cars introduced in 1995
2000s cars
2010s cars
2020s cars
Full-size sport utility vehicles
Luxury sport utility vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Flagship vehicles

Lexus LX


Dragon Beat: Legend of Pinball is a pinball video game playable on the PlayStation. It was released in Japan on November, 27, 1997. The game was developed and published by Map Japan. The game was rereleased for the PlayStation 3 as a "PSOne Import" in the United States on May 20, 2014. The rerelease was published by GungHo Online Entertainment. The game features three distinct tables and two different game modes.

References

1997 video games
Pinball video games
PlayStation (console) games

Dragon Beat: Legend of Pinball


Infinitesimals are quantities that are too small to measure.

Infinitesimal calculus

Newton and Leibniz developed the calculus based on an intuitive notion of an infinitesimal. In 1870, Karl Weierstraß provided the first rigorous treatment of the calculus, using the limit method. But in 1960, Abraham Robinson found that infinitesimals also provide a rigorous basis for the calculus. Many calculus courses still begin with the difficult limit concept, but others now adopt the easier to understand infinitesimal concept.

In differential calculus, in both the limit and infinitesimal versions, the velocity of a particle is represented by , where s is the position of the particle and t the time at which the velocity is measured. In infinitesimal calculus, ds and dt are simply very small quantities. In general, the term  is called the differential of the variable .

Assume that s = t2, we have that at time t + dt, s + ds = (t + dt)2. From these equations, we can determine ds in terms of dt by using simple algebra as follows:

which means that:

Because dt is infinitesimal, one can just ignore it, so the instantanous velocity is v = 2t. One gets the same result using the limit version, with greater rigour. The infinitesimal derivation can also be made more rigorous.

Related pages

 Derivative (mathematics)

References

Citations

Sources

 B. Crowell, "Calculus" (2003)
 J. Keisler, "Elementary Calculus" (2000) University of Wisconsin
 K. Stroyan "Foundations of Infinitesimal Calculus"  (1993)

Measurement

Infinitesimal


Hexham Abbey is an Anglican church in the town of Hexham, Northumberland, dedicated to St Andrew. Since the Dissolution of the monasteries in 1537, the Abbey has been the parish church of Hexham.

The Abbey, which was a cathedral in Saxon times, is part of the Diocese of Newcastle. The diocese is based in Newcastle upon Tyne, and includes the historic county of Northumberland in northeast England.

History
There has been a church on this site for over 1300 years since Etheldreda, Queen of Northumbria, made a grant of lands c.674. The Benedictine abbey was built almost entirely of stones from nearby Roman ruins. The Saxon crypt still remains; as does a frith stool, a 7th/8th century 'cathedra' or throne.

In the year 875 Halfdene the Dane ravaged the whole of Tyneside and Hexham Church was plundered and burnt to the ground.

About 1050 one Eilaf was put in charge of Hexham, although as treasurer of Durham, he probably never came there. Eilaf was instructed to rebuild Hexham Church which then lay in utter ruin. His son Eilaf II completed the work probably building in the Norman style.

In Norman times, the old abbey was replaced by an Augustinian priory. The present church is from that period (c.1170–1250), in the Early English (Gothic) style of architecture. The choir, north and south transepts and the cloisters date from this period.

The east end was rebuilt in 1860, and the rest of the Abbey was largely rebuilt around 1900. This mammoth project involved re-building the nave, whose walls include some of the earlier church. The nave was re-consecrated in 1908. In 1996 an additional chapel was created at the east end of the north choir aisle. Named St Wilfrid's Chapel, it offers a place for prayer or quiet reflection.

References

Anglican churches in England
Abbeys
Buildings and structures in Northumberland
12th-century buildings and structures

Hexham Abbey


Ove Andersson (3 January 1938 – 11 June 2008), nicknamed Påven ("the Pope"), was a Swedish rally driver and the first head of Toyota's F1 programme.

Early life
Andersson was born in Uppsala and grew up on a remote farm.  His father bought a 98cc motorbike, and Andersson said this was where he first fell in love with speed and machinery. He went on to begin studying engineering in Uppsala, and also began marshalling ice races.  He dropped his engineering course and began working as an apprentice to a blacksmith in the city. He then went on to work in a car repair shop, the owner of which encouraged Andersson to begin racing after showing him his skills with a motorbike.

In 1958, Andersson completed his compulsory military service with the United Nations (UN) peace-keeping force in the Gaza Strip. During this service he survived typhoid and a fire. Upon returning home he attempted to rejoin the UN but with little success. A friend encouraged him to join him in a rally, in which the pairing finished in 6th place. Local rally drivers saw that he had potential, but as he had little money he could not afford to race.  His friend Bengt Söderström became a Saab factory rally driver, and Andersson was able to borrow parts to make his car more competitive. The UN eventually offered him the opportunity to serve in the Congo, but he turned it down to concentrate on his rallying career.

Rallying career

In 1963, Andersson drove for the first time as a factory-backed driver in the Swedish Rally, using a Mini. He impressed the team boss, Stuart Turner, for him to be given a Mini Cooper S for the RAC Rally. He went on to drive for Saab in 1964 and 1965 but he felt he was in the shadow of Erik Carlsson whom Andersson believed was given better machinery by Saab. In 1965 he rallied the first three rounds of the championship with Lancia, finishing third in all of them. He also drove in the Swedish Rally Championship, and won the Swedish World Rally in a Lotus Cortina. In 1967, he won the Monte Carlo Rally with Lancia.

Despite being signed to Ford for 1968, Andersson competed in Daytona 24 hours with Lancia and also in the Monte Carlo Rally. At the end of the 1970 season, he was approached by Alpine whom he began to drive for in 1971. Andersson won the Monte Carlo Rally, Rallye Sanremo, Österreichische Alpenfahrt and Acropolis Rally with an Alpine A110, winning the International Championship for Manufacturers title for Alpine. In 1972, he came second in the Monte Carlo rally with Jean Todt as his co-driver. After the inauguration of the World Rally Championship in 1973, Andersson, drove mainly a Toyota Celica, achieved seven podium places in his 28 outings in the series and won the 1975 Safari Rally in a Peugeot 504, co-driven by Arne Hertz.

WRC victories
{|class="wikitable"
! #
!Event
!Season
!Co-driver
!Car
|-
|1
| 23rd Safari Rally
|1975
|Arne Hertz
|Peugeot 504
|}

Complete IMC results

Toyota Team Europe
In the early 1970s, Andersson was also the owner of his own rally team Andersson Motorsport, which later became the Toyota Team Europe (TTE). In 1979 he moved the team from Uppsala to Cologne Germany where operations were based for an assault on the World Rally Championship.

TTE did not have regular rally victories until the 1980s with Juha Kankkunen and Björn Waldegård. The 1990s provided the bulk of success in World Rally for TTE, with Carlos Sainz, Juha Kankkunen and Didier Auriol providing success for the team. In 1993, TTE was purchased by Toyota Motor Corporation and renamed as Toyota Motorsport GmbH (TMG) by the Japanese automaker. At the end of the 1995 World Rally Championship season TMG was banned for twelve months from the WRC for using an illegal turbo restrictor on the Toyota Celica GT-Four ST205 that included both a bypass mechanism and spring-loaded devices to conceal it from scrutineers.

In addition to the World Rally exploits of Toyota Motorsport, the team attempted to win the Le Mans 24 Hours endurance race. The team created the Toyota GT-One race car, which was entered into the 1998 and 1999 races achieving a best result of second place.

Afterwards, the Cologne factory was sent into overdrive for a Formula One project. Andersson was set to oversee the new team, which designed and produced its first car in 2001. The Toyota TF101 was only a test prototype car to be used around the world before Toyota launched a formal attack on F1. It was driven by Mika Salo and Allan McNish who would also drive the car in its first competitive season, 2002. In charge for the troublesome first few years, Andersson retired in 2003 but was retained as a consultant to Toyota Motorsport.

Death

Andersson died in a vintage rally crash on 11 June 2008 near George, South Africa.

The Toyota F1 Team paid tribute to Andersson in a variety of ways. Toyota Motorsports director and its Formula One team chief at the time, Tadashi Yamashina, said he was shocked and saddened by the news. While at the 2008 French Grand Prix, both Toyota's ran black stripes on the car.  Jarno Trulli scored a podium finish at the event, and he dedicated it to Andersson.

References

External links
Ove Andersson Profile

1938 births
2008 deaths
Racing drivers who died while racing
Swedish rally drivers
World Rally Championship drivers
Sport deaths in South Africa
Formula One team principals
Motorsport team owners
Sportspeople from Uppsala

Ove Andersson


Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 March 1978 to elect the sixth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

On 2 April 1974 President Georges Pompidou died. The non-Gaullist center-right leader Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected to succeed him. Because the Gaullist UDR was the largest party in the pro-Giscard majority in the Assembly, Giscard chose Jacques Chirac to lead the cabinet. This period was one of renovation for Gaullism.

The presidential will to "govern towards the center" and to promote a "modern liberal society" disconcerted the Gaullist party. The Abortion Act and the reduction of the age of majority to 18 years worried a part of the conservative electorate. Furthermore, a personal conflict opposed the two heads of the executive. In August 1976, Chirac resigned because he considered that he "(had) not the means to carry on (his) function of Prime Minister".

Three months later, the UDR was replaced by the Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République or RPR). This, Chirac's electoral machine, was officially a member of the Presidential Majority, but frequently criticized the liberal and pro-European policy of President Giscard d'Estaing and his new Prime minister Raymond Barre. The executive duo reacted by federating the non-Gaullist center-right in the Union for French Democracy (Union pour la démocratie française or UDF).

While the right-wing majority was divided and the economic situation deteriorated, the "Union of Left" won the mid-term local elections. According to the polls, it was the favourite to win the legislative election. In his Verdun-sur-le-Doubs speech, President Giscard d'Estaing warned the French voters that he could not prevent the enforcement of the left-wing Common programme if the "Union of Left" won. However, Socialists and Communists did not update their Common programme due to increasing tension between the two parties resulting from the PS gaining in electoral success at the PCF's expense.

For the first time since 1936, the Socialists obtained more votes than the Communists. Furthermore, the French electorate appeared evenly shared between four equivalent political parties (RPR, UDF, PS, PCF). Raymond Barre was confirmed as Prime Minister. Until the 2007 elections, it was the last time that either the right or the left had won back-to-back legislative elections.

Results

References

External links
Map of Deputies elected in 1978 according to their group in the House, including overseas (in french)

Legislative elections in France
France
Legislative

1978 French legislative election