Lauri Juhani Karttunen was an adjunct professor in linguistics at Stanford and an ACL Fellow. He died in 2022.

Career
Karttunen received his Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1969 from Indiana University in Bloomington. At the University of Texas at Austin in the 1970s  he worked mostly on semantics. He published a series of seminal papers on discourse referents, presuppositions, implicative verbs, conventional implicatures, and questions. In the 1980s Karttunen became, along with Ronald M. Kaplan, Martin Kay, and Kimmo Koskenniemi, one of the pioneers in computational linguistics on the application of finite-state transducers to phonology and morphology. Karttunen and Kenneth R. Beesley published a textbook on Finite State Morphology and a set of applications for creating morphological analyzers. Commercial versions of the finite-state technology developed by Karttunen and his colleagues at PARC and XRCE have been licensed by Xerox to many companies including SAP and Microsoft. Karttunen retired from PARC in 2011. He worked on Language and Natural Reasoning at CSLI.

Honors
The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) gives each year at its Annual Meeting a "Lifetime Achievement Award." At the age of 66, Karttunen became so far the youngest recipient of the award at the 45th Meeting in Prague in 2007. In 2009 the Indiana Linguistics Department gave Karttunen a Distinguished Alumni Award. In 2011 ACL created an ACL Fellows Program. Karttunen was one of the seventeen selected for the founding group of ACL Fellows "whose contributions to the field have been most extraordinary." The European META-NET organization awarded Karttunen's XFST (Xerox Finite-State Toolkit) application a META-Seal of Recognition at the  2012 Meeting in Brussels "for software products and services that actively contribute to the European Multilingual Information Society."

Selected articles
  Discourse Referents. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Javeier Gutiérrez-Rexach (ed.), Vol. III, pages 20–39. Routledge, 2003. Also in Syntax and Semantics 7: Notes from the Linguistic Underground, 363-85, J. D. McCawley (ed.), Academic Press, New York 1976. The first published version of the paper appeared in the Proceedings of Coling'69.
  Syntax and Semantics of Questions. In Formal Semantics. The Essential Readings. Paul Portner and Barbara H. Partee (eds.), pages 382–420. Blackwell, 2003. Also in Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Javeier Gutiérrez-Rexach (ed.), Vol. V, pages 207–249. Routledge, 2003 and in Questions,  H. Hiz (ed.), pages 165-210, Reidel, Dordrecht 1978.  Originally appeared in Linguistics and Philosophy 1 1-44, 1977.
  Presupposition and Linguistic Context.Theoretical Linguistics 1 181–94, 1974. Also in Pragmatics: A Reader, Steven Davis (ed.), pages 406-415, Oxford University Press, 1991. Translation: Presuposición y contexto lingüistico. In Textos clásicos de pragmática, pages 175-192, María Teresea Julio and Ricardo Muños (eds.), Arco Libros, Madrid 1998.
 The Logic of English Predicate Complement Constructions. Publications of the Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington 1971. Translations: Die Logik englischer Prädikatkomplement-konstruktionen. in Generative Semantik, 243–78, W. Abraham and R. Binnick (eds.), Athenaeum, Frankfurt 1973; La logique des constructions anglaises à complément prédicatif. Langages 8 56–80, 1973.
  Conventional Implicature.   (with Stanley Peters) In Syntax and Semantics 11, Presupposition, pages 1–56, C.-K. Oh and D. A. Dinneen (eds.), Academic Press, New York 1979.
  Texas Linguistic Forum, Vol. 22. 1983 A special issue on Two-level morphology introducing the  system.
 Finite-state Constraints In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Issues in Computational Linguistics, June 10–14, 1991. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. Also in The Last Phonological Rule. J. Goldsmith (ed.), pages 173–194, University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  Computing with Realizational Morphology In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, Alexander Gelbukh (ed.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2588, pages 205–216, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg. 2003.
  The Insufficiency of Paper-and-Pencil Linguistics: the Case of Finnish Prosody In Intelligent Linguistic Architectures: Variations on themes by Ronald M. Kaplan, Miriam Butt, Mary Dalrymple, and Tracy Holloway King (eds.), pages 287–300, CSLI Publications, Stanford, California, 2006.

References

External links
 Lauri Karttunen's Home Page

Living people
1941 births
Linguists from Finland
Linguists from the United States
Semanticists
Computational linguistics researchers
Finnish expatriates in the United States
Scientists at PARC (company)
Fellows of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Lauri Karttunen


1535 was a common year.

Events
 January 18 – Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro
 April – Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga
 June 24 – The Anabaptist state of Münster (see Münster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded.
 May 19 – French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for his second voyage to North America with 3 ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's 2 sons  (who Cartier kidnapped during his first voyage).
 October 2 – Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec.
 October 4 – The first complete English-language Bible is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.
 Combined Swedish and Danish fleets defeat the Hanseatic navy.
 Manco II appointed puppet Inca Emperor by Spanish Conquistadors
 Second unsuccessful attempt by Spanish forces to conquer Yucatán
 Carlos Quinto conquers Tunis
 Anabaptist rebellion in some cities in the Netherlands, including a famous incident of seven men and five woman walking nude in the streets of Amsterdam.
 The Charterhouse London is closed, as part of Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries.

1535


Colpix Records was the first recording company for Columbia Pictures–Screen Gems. Colpix got its name from combining Columbia (Col) and Pictures (Pix). CBS, which owned Columbia Records, then sued Columbia Pictures for trademark infringement over the Colpix name.

It was founded by Jonie Taps and Harry Cohn in 1958 and was based in New York City. Paul Wexler headed the label. Stu Phillips was in charge of A&R. Lester Sill later headed the label, after breaking with Philles Records partner Phil Spector.

The label's roster included Lou Christie, James Darren, Paul Petersen, Freddie Scott, Tommy Boyce. Two of the label's best known number one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Charts were "Blue Moon" by the Marcels in the spring of 1961
(also a number one in the UK, where Colpix was licensed to Pye International),
and "Johnny Angel" by Shelley Fabares in the spring of 1962.
Bernadette Castro recorded for the label "Get Rid of Him"/"A Girl in Love Forgives" and "His Lips Get in the Way"/"Sportscar Sally". Singer Jo Ann Greer, who dubbed several of the actresses at Columbia Pictures, recorded two albums with the studio's musical director, Morris Stoloff: Soundtracks, Voices and Themes and The Naked City, a film noir musical with James Darren.

Colpix released the first LPs from standup comedians Dick Gregory and Woody Allen, and a soundtrack album of Hanna-Barbera cartoons. It included dialogue by Yogi Bear and Pixie and Dixie with narration by Daws Butler in the voice of Huckleberry Hound.

In the wake of President Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963, numerous tribute albums were released the following year. In association with United Press International, Colpix released Four Days That Shocked the World with radio coverage of the President's arrival at Dallas Love Field, the moment of the shooting in Dealey Plaza, and the shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald two days later. The album included a booklet with UPI reporter Merriman Smith's account of the assassination.

The label was discontinued in 1966 and replaced by Colgems Records, which was primarily used for releases by The Monkees. Before their involvement with the Monkees, Davy Jones and Michael Nesmith (under the pseudonym Michael Blessing) had each signed to Colpix Records as solo artists.

Colpix was the first big label for singer and pianist Nina Simone after having made her debut on Bethlehem Records. She recorded albums for the label from 1959 (The Amazing Nina Simone) through 1964 (Folksy Nina). In 1966, Colpix released Nina Simone with Strings, an album of left-overs with strings added, when Simone was already signed to Philips Records.

Rhino Records, which currently owns the Colpix catalogue, issued a double compact disc compilation, The Colpix-Dimension Story, in 1994, which also included selections from Dimension Records, a related label.

Discography

See also
 List of record labels
 Colgems Records

References

External links
The Colpix/Colgems story

Defunct record labels of the United States
Record labels established in 1958
Record labels disestablished in 1966
1958 establishments in New York City
Columbia Pictures
Jazz record labels
1966 disestablishments in New York (state)

Colpix Records


Kenji Sahara (佐原 健二 Sahara Kenji, born Tadashi Ishihara) (born 14 May 1932) is a Japanese actor. He was born in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa. His real name is Masayoshi Kato (加藤 正好 Katō Masayoshi). His first big movie role was in Rodan (1956). Sahara did a lot of work for the Toho Company, the studio that has so far has produced twenty-eight Godzilla movies starting with the first movie.

Other websites

 Biondi, Robert. Satoko Yoshimaru & Takahiko Mamiya (trans.) Winter 1997. "An Interview with Kenji Sahara: 40 Years of Keeping Godzilla at Bay", Kaiju Fan Online. Originally published in Kaiju Fan.

1932 births
Living people
Japanese movie actors

Kenji Sahara


Selenite is an ion. Its chemical formula is SeO32-. It makes the hydrogen selenite ion, HSeO3- in neutral conditions. When in acidic conditions it makes selenous acid. They are normally made by heating metal oxides with selenium dioxide. An example would be sodium selenite. Selenites are weak oxidizing agents.

Related pages
Selenate
Selenide

Selenium compounds
Ions

Selenite


The year 1517 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

Medicine
  A third epidemic of sweating sickness in England hits Oxford and Cambridge.
 German surgeon Hans von Gersdorff publishes his Feldbuch der Wundarzney ("Field book of surgery").

Births
 June 29 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (died 1585)
 October 5 – Leonardo Fioravanti, Bolognese physician (died 1588)
 Pierre Belon, French naturalist (died 1564)
 Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French mathematician (died 1582)

Deaths
 Luca Pacioli, Florentine mathematician (b. c.1447)

16th century in science
1510s in science

1517 in science


ഹിന്ദുമതത്തിലെ ഒരു ദേവനാണ് കൃഷ്ണൻ.

കൃഷ്‌ണൻ (കൃഷ്‌ണ) എന്ന പദത്താൽ വിവക്ഷിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന പലകാര്യങ്ങളുണ്ട്:

ഹിന്ദുമതം
The name comes from a Sanskrit word (कृष्ण, kṛṣṇa) that means 'black' or 'dark blue'. Certain other figures within Hinduism also have names transliterated as Krishna. These include (with added phonetic spellings);
 വ്യാസൻ -  (the dark one born on an island)
 ദ്രൗപദി - , कृष्णा, Krishnaa (the dark one the princess of Panchala, feminine form)
 അർജുനൻ -  he is called Kṛṣṇa in one instance toward the end of his life
 ദുർഗ - she is called  in the Virataparva (feminine form).

ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവ
 കൃഷ്ണ ജന്മാഷ്ടമി Hindu festival.
 കൃഷ്ണ യജുർവേദം (Black Yajurveda), one of the two samhitas (collections) of Yajurveda, Hindu religious text
 Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, also known as  book
 The Krishnas, International Society for Krishna Consciousness (popularly called the "Hare Krishnas"), a Gaudiya Vaishnava religious movement

ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം
 Krishna River that flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (this should correctly be Kṛṣṇā, in feminine form)
 Krishna district, district of Andhra Pradesh, named after Krishna River
 Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary, a wildlife refuge in Andhra Pradesh

ഗതാഗതം
 Krishna Express, a train of the South Central Railway that runs between Tirupati and Adilabad

സിനിമ, ടെലിവിഷൻ
 Krishna (1996 Hindi film), a 1996 Bollywood film starring Sunil Shetty and Karisma Kapoor
 Krishna (1996 Tamil film), a 1996 Tamil language film directed by Raja Krishnamoorthy
 Krishna (2006 film), a 2006 computer-animated feature, the first one in Hindi
 Krishna (2007 film), a 2007 Kannada film starring Ganesh and Pooja Gandhi
 Krishna (2008 film), a 2008 Telugu film starring Ravi Teja and Trisha Krishnan
 Krishna, the Malayalam-dubbed version of the 2008 Telugu film Parugu
 Krishna (film series)

ആൾക്കാർ
 Krishna (Satavahana dynasty), c. 1st century BCE king of Deccan region in India
 Krishna I (756–774), the King of Rashtrakuta dynasty of India after Dantidurga
 Krishna II (878–914), the King of Rashtrakuta dynasty of India after Amoghavarsha I
 Krishna III (939–967), the King of Rashtrakuta dynasty of India after Amoghavarsha III
 Krishna of Devagiri, a 13th century Yadava king of India
 Krishna (Malayalam actor), Malayalam film actor
 Krishna (Tamil actor), Tamil film actor
 Krishna (Telugu actor), Telugu film actor
 Krishna Beura, Indian playback singer
 Krishna Bhagavaan, Telugu film actor
 Krishna Bhanji, the birth name of actor Sir Ben Kingsley
 Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Hindu philosopher at Calcutta University
 Krishna Deva Raya (1509–1529), famed emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire
 Krishna Kumar (actor), Tamil and Malayalam film actor
 Krishna Kumari (actress) (1933–2018), popular Indian Telugu film actress
 Krishna Menon (1897–1974), Indian Defence Minister during the Sino-Indian War
 Krishna Rao (disambiguation), one of the Indian names
 Krishna Savjani (born 1947), Malawian lawyer
 Krishna Sekhar, Tamil film actor
 Krishna Vamsi, Telugu film director
 Krishna Rani (born 2001), Bangladeshi footballer
 Lal Krishna Advani, Indian politician
 N. Krishna, Tamil film director
 S. M. Krishna, politician from Karnataka
 Tottempudi Krishna, Telugu film director
 Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986), Indian philosopher

വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം
 Krishna University, a university in Machilipatnam, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India

മറ്റുള്ളവ
 USS Krishna (ARL-38)

ഇവയും കാണുക
 Krishnaiah (disambiguation)
 Krishnayya (disambiguation)

കൃഷ്ണ (വിവക്ഷകൾ)


Lucifer is an American urban fantasy television series developed by Tom Kapinos that began airing on January 25, 2016, and concluded on September 10, 2021. It revolves around Lucifer Morningstar (Tom Ellis), an alternate version of the DC Comics character of the same name created by Neil Gaiman, Sam Kieth, and Mike Dringenberg. In the series, Lucifer is the devil but abandons Hell to run a nightclub in Los Angeles, subsequently experiencing massive life changes when he becomes a consultant to the Los Angeles Police Department. The supporting cast includes Lauren German, Kevin Alejandro, D. B. Woodside, Lesley-Ann Brandt, Rachael Harris, and Aimee Garcia.

Jerry Bruckheimer Television, DC Entertainment, and Warner Bros. Television served as producers. Filming took place primarily in Vancouver before production was relocated entirely to Los Angeles at the start of the third season. The first season received mixed reviews from critics, and its original broadcaster Fox canceled it after three seasons in May 2018. One month later, Netflix picked up the show following the fanbase's campaign to save it, and the series continued for a further three seasons; it consistently earned high viewership during its time on Netflix.

Plot
The series focuses on Lucifer Morningstar, a powerful angel who was cast out of Heaven for his rebellion and forced to spend millennia punishing people as the lord of Hell. Bored and unhappy with his life in Hell, he abdicates his throne in defiance of his father (God) and moves to Los Angeles, where he runs his own nightclub. When he finds himself involved in a murder investigation, he meets Chloe Decker, a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department who intrigues him as she is the first human to be immune to his charms. After helping the police solve the case with his most commonly used powermanipulating humans into revealing their deepest desires to himLucifer accepts a subsequent invitation to work continuously with Chloe as a police consultant. Throughout the series, they encounter all sorts of supernatural beings while solving crimes together and developing their relationship.

Cast and characters

 Tom Ellis as Lucifer Morningstar: Bored with his life as the Lord of Hell, Lucifer abandons his throne to run his own high-end nightclub in Los Angeles while working as a civilian consultant for the local police. In season 5, Ellis also portrays Lucifer's twin brother Michael, who briefly takes over his brother's identity after Lucifer returns to Hell.
 Lauren German as Detective Chloe Decker: A homicide detective and former actress whose late father was an LAPD officer. She solves crimes with Lucifer, who takes an interest in her upon noticing that she seems to be the first human he has ever encountered who is immune to his charms.
 Kevin Alejandro as Detective Daniel "Dan" Espinoza: An LAPD homicide detective and Chloe's ex-husband. He develops a complicated friendship with Lucifer as they often clash and insult each other, partly due to the fact that Lucifer and Chloe slowly become romantically involved.
 D. B. Woodside as Amenadiel: Lucifer's older brother, he is an angel and the eldest of all their siblings. He arrives in Los Angeles to encourage Lucifer to go back to Hell, and failing that, he attempts to force Lucifer back in different ways. He later becomes the father of the first half-angel/half-human baby in history with Linda.
 Lesley-Ann Brandt as Mazikeen: A confidante and devoted ally of Lucifer who goes by "Maze" for short. She is a demon who, having served as Lucifer's head torturer, joins him in Los Angeles to act as a bartender and bodyguard at his club. In the second season, Maze looks for a new direction on Earth and becomes a bounty hunter. She marries Eve in the final season. In season 5, Brandt also portrays the demon Lilith, who is Maze's mother and Lucifer's ex-lover.
 Scarlett Estevez as Beatrice "Trixie" Espinoza (seasons 1–4, recurring seasons 5–6): Chloe and Dan's young daughter who befriends Lucifer and Mazikeen, initially to their chagrin.
 Rachael Harris as Dr. Linda Martin: Lucifer's Stanford-educated psychotherapist. In season 4, she and Amenadiel welcome their son Charlie, who is considered the first half-angel/half-human baby in history.
 Kevin Rankin as Detective Malcolm Graham (season 1): A crooked police officer who was shot prior to the beginning of the series. He briefly died but then is brought back from Hell by Amenadiel to kill Lucifer.
 Aimee Garcia as Ella Lopez (seasons 2–6): A forensic scientist for the LAPD from Detroit. In season 3, it is revealed that Ella had been regularly visited by Lucifer's sister "Rae-Rae" Azrael, the Angel of Death, after surviving a car crash in her youth. She is known for her bubbly personality and almost endless optimism and enthusiasm.
 Tricia Helfer as Mum / Goddess (season 2; guest season 5) and Charlotte Richards (seasons 2–3; guest season 6) and as Shirley Monroe (guest season 5/episode 4): Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother and exiled wife of God, who has escaped her prison in Hell. She is described as "the goddess of all creation". On Earth, her soul occupies the body of Charlotte Richards, a murdered lawyer. After she leaves the universe at the end of the second season, the human Charlotte is resurrected. Having lived in Hell during this short time for defending several criminals, Charlotte seeks the redemption she finds by helping Lucifer and Chloe on two cases, then gets a prosecutor job and abandons her law firm. She is the 2nd person in total to whom Lucifer reveals his angel wings, and she helps Amenadiel on an investigation on Marcus Pierce. Charlotte is murdered at the end of season 3 by Marcus/Cain after saving Amenadiel. In season 5, Goddess briefly returns from her universe to reunite with God, who chooses to retire with Goddess to her universe. In the series finale, Charlotte briefly returns, sharing a meal in Heaven with Dan, with whom she had a romantic history prior to her murder.
 Tom Welling as Lieutenant Marcus Pierce / Cain (season 3): A highly respected police lieutenant who oversees the work of Chloe, Dan, and Ella at the LAPD. He is revealed to be the immortal Cain, Adam and Eve's son and Abel's brother. He is the world's first murderer, condemned to wander the Earth forever with the Mark of Cain.
 Inbar Lavi as Eve (season 4; guest season 5; recurring season 6): The world's first female human who recently left Heaven, Cain's mother and former lover of Lucifer. She eventually becomes a bounty hunter and marries Maze.
 Brianna Hildebrand as Aurora, aka Rory (season 6): A half-human-half-angel who shows up in Hell and then on Earth seeking vengeance on Lucifer. She absconds to Earth with Dan's soul in an attempt to learn how to kill Lucifer. She is later revealed to be Chloe's and Lucifer's daughter from the future, who is enraged with Lucifer for his apparent abandonment of her before she was even born. She has blades instead of feathers in her wings, which can hurt Lucifer.

Episodes

The second season premiered on September 19, 2016. Initially consisting of 13 episodes, the series later received a 9-episode extension for a full 22-episode second-season pickup by Fox. The third season, initially consisting of 22 episodes, premiered on October 2, 2017. However, the final four episodes of the second season were removed and placed in the third season to air, resulting in the second season consisting of 18 episodes and the third season of 26. Writer Chris Rafferty indicated that the third season would instead contain 24 episodes, and the extra 2 episodes would be held for the fourth season.

On May 11, 2018, Fox canceled the series after three seasons, stating it was a "ratings-based decision". The 2 episodes being held for the fourth season were put as "bonus episodes" at the end of the third season; they were broadcast on May 28, as a single two-hour bonus episode.

On June 18, Netflix picked up the series for a fourth season of ten episodes, which was released on May 8, 2019. Netflix renewed the series for a fifth (and originally final) season of sixteen episodes, in two batches consisting of 8 episodes each. The first 8 episodes were released on August 21, 2020, and the second 8 episodes were released on May 28, 2021. The series was later renewed for a sixth and final season of 10 episodes, which was released on September 10, 2021.

Production

Development
In September 2014, DC and Fox were developing a television series based on the Sandman character Lucifer, as originally written by Neil Gaiman. The series is a "loose adaptation" of the original comic book. In May 2015, the series was officially picked up for 13 episodes for the 2015–16 season. Fox then hired Almost Human alum Joe Henderson as showrunner, with Kapinos remaining on the series in a lesser capacity.

In an interview, actress Lesley-Ann Brandt stated that production for the fifth season was "99% finished", with production all completed except for half of the final episode before suspending production due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Production resumed on September 24, 2020, to finish the final episode of the fifth season and begin production of the sixth season.

Casting
In February 2015, Tom Ellis was cast as Lucifer Morningstar, while Tom Kapinos was attached to write the pilot, directed by Len Wiseman. Approximately one month after, Lauren German was cast as LAPD-detective Chloe Decker. Lina Esco was originally cast as Maze (Mazikeen), but the role was later recast with Lesley-Ann Brandt. Kevin Alejandro portrayed Dan. The following year in June, Tricia Helfer was cast as Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother, Charlotte, and she was to appear in multiple episodes in the second season. The character was promoted to series regular in July. Aimee Garcia was also cast as a regular in the second season, playing L.A.P.D.'s forensic scientist Ella Lopez. In August, Michael Imperioli was cast as angel Uriel. For the fourth season, Graham McTavish and Inbar Lavi were cast as Father Kinley and Eve respectively. For season 5, Tom Ellis was also cast as Michael, Lucifer's twin brother with "a chip on his shoulder" and Matthew Bohrer was cast as Donovan Glover, a character who appeared in only one episode.

In 2020, Tom Ellis and other stars of the series were reported to have signed up for a sixth season. However, a contract dispute led Ellis to not be officially signed on until late May.

Filming
Although the pilot was shot on location in Los Angeles, the rest of the first season and the entirety of the second were filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, with some exterior filming in Los Angeles. Production relocated to California beginning with the third season, taking advantage of tax incentives provided by the California Film Commission under its "Program 2.0" initiative and spending $92.1 million on production. Season four was also shot on location in Los Angeles, as well as at Warner Bros.' Burbank studio lot, spending $35.8 million on production.

Music
The opening theme is a six-second clip from "Being Evil Has a Price", performed by the band Heavy Young Heathens. In a lawsuit filed against Warner Bros., the song's composers, Robert and Aron Marderosian, claim the song has been used without giving them proper credit or a licensing agreement.

Several episodes include musical performances by Tom Ellis, although he commented in interviews that while it is his vocals, the piano accompaniment seen on screen is not actually his. Neil Gaiman is a fan of David Bowie, and some of Bowie's music has been used on the series (the illustration of Lucifer in the comics is also based on David Bowie).

Simultaneously, with the release of Season 5 Part One in 2020, an official soundtrack was released by WaterTower Music, containing cast recordings from all then-released seasons. In 2021 an additional soundtrack with all songs from the "musical" episode "Bloody Celestial Karaoke Jam" was published as well.

Release

In its first three seasons, Lucifer aired in the United States on Fox, in 720p, high definition, and Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound. The first and second seasons aired on Monday at 9 pm ET, before moving to the 8 pm time slot on Monday for the third season. Hulu owned the exclusive streaming rights in the United States, with each season released after its broadcast on Fox but moved over to Netflix in December 2018.

CTV holds the broadcast rights for Canada. In the United Kingdom it aired on the television channel FOX until the channel was cut prior to Season 4. Subsequently, Amazon Video holds first-run broadcasting rights, with each episode airing less than 24 hours after the US broadcast. The series aired on FX in Australia before moving to FOX8 during its third season when FX closed and on TVNZ1 in New Zealand.

Beginning on August 17, 2022, TNT aired the series.

Reception

Ratings

Following the release of the second half of the fifth season on Netflix, Lucifer was near the top of Nielsen's streaming ratings, garnering 1.8 billion viewing minutes from May 31 to June 6, 2021.

Critical response

The pilot episode was screened in July at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con. The pilot was met positively by the viewers, with Bleeding Cools Dan Wickline praising the episode, saying that "the show itself is enjoyable because of the great dialogue and flawless delivery from its lead" and "this version of Lucifer refuses to take almost anything seriously and the show is better for it".
Max Nicholson of IGN rated the pilot episode a 6.9/10, praising Tom Ellis's performance as Lucifer and the lighthearted tone of the series, but criticizing the series for essentially being another crime procedural series.

The first season received mixed reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 49% of critics gave it a positive review based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 5.40 out of 10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "Lucifer got sex appeal, but the show's hackneyed cop procedural format undermines a potentially entertaining premise". Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 49 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Critics were much more receptive to the rest of the series. The second season has 100% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9 out of 10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Tom Ellis continues to shine as the Morning Star [sic], though perhaps he could fly higher if he weren't locked into such a familiar format".

Ed Power of The Telegraph gave the second-season premiere a 4 out 5, stating that "it is entirely beguiled by its own preposterousness". Bernard Boo of We Got This Covered gave the premiere 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying: "Lucifers second season gets off to a nice start, building on the show's strengths while retaining some of the weaknesses. It remains an unapologetically sordid, demonically fun hour of TV". LaToya Ferguson of The A.V. Club gave it a B grade, calling the episode funny with "genuinely funny moments to come from" and saying that the premiere "starts the season off on a good note". She praised Tom Ellis's performance calling it "pitch perfect".

Awards and nominations

Censorship campaign
On May 28, 2015, the American Family Association (AFA) website One Million Moms launched a petition to prevent the series' airing. The petition stated that the series would "glorify Satan as a caring, likable person in human flesh". The petition had 31,312 signatures by the series' premiere date. Posted the same date on the main AFA website, the petition garnered 134,331 signatures by the premiere date. In response to the petition, character creator Neil Gaiman commented on his Tumblr page:
 Regardless of the campaign, Fox renewed the series in April 2016 for a second season.

The campaign was referred to in a joke in the 2nd season episode "Sympathy for the Goddess". Lucifer is told he is in danger and asks "Is it the Yakuza? The Nephilim? One Million Moms?"

Cancellation reactions
On May 11, 2018, following the series' initial cancellation, co-showrunner Joe Henderson indicated that the third-season finale would feature a "huge cliffhanger" that was meant to deter Fox from cancelling the series and encouraged fans to "make noise" with the hashtag #SaveLucifer. Fans, as well as the cast and crew, rallied on Twitter and #SaveLucifer soon became the #1 trending topic. A second hashtag, #PickUpLucifer, emerged as a trending topic as well. An online petition also began circulating aimed at renewing Lucifer for a fourth season on a new network. Warner Bros. Television subsequently began shopping the series around to premium cable and streaming services. On June 15, Netflix picked up the series for a fourth season. The penultimate episode of the fourth season is titled "Save Lucifer" in honor of the campaign.

Arrowverse

Lucifer Morningstar makes a cameo appearance in The CW's Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths", which is featured throughout the TV shows Arrow, The Flash, Supergirl, Batwoman, and Legends of Tomorrow. The events of his cameo were five years before the events of Lucifer. The event also retroactively establishes the world of the series as Earth-666, confirms that Lucifer is aware of the multiverse, and elaborates how Mazikeen came to work for him (pre-Crisis) thanks to John Constantine. It is also revealed he has a history with Constantine as well.

Notes

References

External links

2010s American comedy-drama television series
2010s American LGBT-related drama television series
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Angels in television
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Lucifer (TV series)


Jerry W. Rees (born November 15, 1956) is an American film director and animator, best known for the Emmy-nominated animated feature film The Brave Little Toaster (1987) and creating many of the visual effects for the cult classic Tron (1982).

Early life
Rees was mentored as an animator from the age of 16 at Disney Studios by Eric Larson, one of Walt Disney's Nine Old Men, and was trained and taught at California Institute of the Arts, along with classmates John Lasseter, Brad Bird, John Musker, Tim Burton and Doug Lefler.

Career
In 1978, Rees worked as an animator for the Christmas children's film The Small One. He also worked on the Disney film The Fox and the Hound (1981), and the following year served as one of the visual effects supervisors for the cutting-edge science fiction film Tron.

In 1987, Rees and science fiction writer Thomas M. Disch collaborated on adapting Disch's short story The Brave Little Toaster into an animated film. The resulting film was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival and nominated for Best Animated Program at the 1988 Emmy Awards. He also teamed up with fellow CalArts alum Tim Burton to co-write and co-direct the cult classic featurettes Doctor of Doom and Luau.

Rees directed the Neil Simon-penned The Marrying Man (1991) and served as an animation producer on the film Space Jam (1996). He directed the award-winning Back to Neverland documentary starring Robin Williams and Walter Cronkite, shown as part of the animation studio tours at Disneyland and Walt Disney World. He also directed the educational films Tourist from Hell and The Editing Story, which screened as part of the backstage tour at Disney's Hollywood Studios.

In 1993, Rees wrote and produced (with Steven Paul Leiva) a new Betty Boop feature film for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Seventy-five percent of the film was storyboarded, but two weeks before voice recording was to begin, MGM switched studio chiefs and the project, tentatively called The Betty Boop Feature Script, was abandoned.

In addition to his film credits, Rees helped produce and direct a record-setting 13 multimedia features at the various Disney theme parks, including Sounds Dangerous at Disney-MGM Studios, the live-action sequences of Cranium Command at EPCOT, Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular! at Disney-MGM Studios, Rock 'n' Roller Coaster at Disney-MGM Studios and Walt Disney Studios Paris, Extra-Terrorestrial Alien Encounter at Magic Kingdom, Michael & Mickey at Disney-MGM Studios, and the new Cinemagique show at Walt Disney Studios Paris. Rees also directed the pre-ride film at Disney's Animal Kingdom ride Dinosaur.

For some time, Rees was attached as director to a project called Rand Robinson, Robot Repairman, financed by Interscope and Philips. The film was set in a futuristic Los Angeles, and Philips expected to use the film to showcase their emerging technology. Rees storyboarded various scenes in the film, but eventually several key players left the project, and it was shelved.

In 2010, Rees and voice actress/writer Deanna Oliver made an appearance at California State University, Northridge to discuss the making of their film The Brave Little Toaster.

Currently, Rees is a full-time creative consultant at the San Francisco film studio Wild Brain, where he is developing CGI Features. Rees is also attached to direct a Casey Silver Productions CGI feature.

Filmography

Feature films

Short films

Television

References

External links
 Official website
 Rees' YouTube channel

1956 births
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American screenwriters
Animators from Texas
Animal impersonators
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
Animation screenwriters
American male screenwriters
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Living people
People from Johnson County, Texas
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Film directors from Texas
Screenwriters from Texas
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers

Jerry Rees


Hélion de Villeneuve (c. 1270 – 1346) was a French-born Grand Master of the Knights of St. John.  He was the brother of Saint Roseline.

He died on the island of Rhodes.

The blazon of his coat-of-arms was Gules six tilting spears in fretty, in-between the spears semy of escutcheons, all or.

There is a legend told of Hélion involving a dragon and a young knight.

References

Villeneuve, Helion de
1270 births
1346 deaths
14th-century French people

Hélion de Villeneuve


Aristarkh Lentulov  (4 January 1882  15 April 1943) was a major Russian avant-garde artist who also worked on set designs for the theatre. His work shows strong influences of fauvism and cubism.

Biography
Aristarkh Lentulov was born in Penza Oblast, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow, into the family of a country priest. He studied art in the Penza and Kiev art schools from 1897 to 1905. Then he went to the private studio of Dmitry Kardovsky in St Petersburg in 1906.

He lived in Moscow from 1909, and he was one of the founders of the avant-garde Jack of Diamonds group.

From 1910 to 1911 Lentulov studied at the Le Fauconnier studio and the La Palette Academy in Paris. While there, he met contemporary French painters  such as Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay. He took in the fauvists' and cubists' principles, and developed his own colourful style of painting. Later, after his return to Russia in 1912, he became a big influence on what became Russian futurism. Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich were both influenced by him.

From pre-revolutionary times, Lentulov was actively involved in various theatrical projects. He designed sets for the Kamerny Theatre 1916) and for a production of Scriabin's Prometheus in the Bolshoi Theatre in 1919.

In 1928 Lentulov entered into the Society of Moscow artists, and became chairman of the Society. He also started teaching at the Russian State Art and Technical School.

Lentulov died in Moscow and is buried in the Vagankovo Cemetery.

Related pages

 Kazimir Malevich

References

Other websites

Artcyclopedia Links to Lentulov's works
Virtual Museum  Biography

1882 births
1943 deaths
Russian painters
Russian artists
Penza Oblast

Aristarkh Lentulov


Anggun Cipta Sasmi (Indonesian pronunciation: [aŋˈɡun ˈt͡ʃipta ˈsasmi]; born 29 April 1974) is an Indonesian and French-naturalised singer-songwriter. Born in Jakarta, she began performing at the age of seven and recorded a children's album two years later. With the help of famed Indonesian producer Ian Antono, in 1986 Anggun released her first rock-influenced studio album, Dunia Aku Punya. She became further well known with the single "Mimpi" (1989), which was listed as one of the 150 Greatest Indonesian Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone. She followed it with a series of singles and three more studio albums, which established her as one of the most prominent Indonesian rock stars of the early 1990s.

Anggun left Indonesia in 1994 to pursue an international career. After two years struggling in London and Paris, Anggun met French producer Erick Benzi and signed to Sony Music Entertainment. Her first international album, Snow on the Sahara (1997), was released in 33 countries and became the best-selling album by an Asian artist outside Asia. The album spawned her signature hit "Snow on the Sahara", which reached number one in several countries. Since her international breakthrough, Anggun has released five English-language studio albums and six French-language studio albums, as well as a soundtrack album to the Danish film Open Hearts (2002). She represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan, with the song "Echo (You and I)". She joined the judging panel of talent shows X Factor Indonesia (2013) and Asia's Got Talent (2015); the former made her the highest-paid judge in Indonesian television history.

Anggun is the Asian artist with the highest album sales outside Asia, with her releases being certified gold and platinum in some European countries. She is the first Indonesian artist to have success in European and American record charts. She has received a number of accolades for her achievements, including the Chevalier des Arts et Lettres from the Government of France and the World Music Award for World's Best-Selling Indonesian Artist. Aside from her musical career, Anggun has been involved in numerous environmental and humanitarian works. She has been appointed as the global ambassador of the United Nations twice, first for the International Year of Microcredit in 2005 and then for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2009 onwards.

Album
 Dunia Aku Punya
 Elevation

References

Other websites
 Anggun official website

Indonesian singers
French singers
1974 births
Living people
People from Jakarta

Anggun


The United States Department of Defense employs civilian firefighters. They are stationed at military bases to work as firefighters. These workers have their own uniforms and equipment. They are not a part of any military unit. They will work alongside military units if needed. Many times, they are the only firefighters at a military facility. The civilian firefighters wear special uniforms, usually a dark blue suit with a badge and with a shoulder patch indicating their firefighting organization.

Firefighters go to special classes to learn firefighting skills. They earn certificates after taking the classes. One major class is called "DoD Fire & Emergency Services Training."

Related pages
 Firefighting

References

Other websites
 Military Firefighter Heritage Foundation  website.
 U.S. Defense Dept. Fire & Emergency Services Certification Program  web page.
 dodfire.com, Organization website
 History web page, dodfire.com
 Website for US Army civilian firefighter units , U.S. Army Installation Management Command
 fedfire.org, federal firefighters group in California.
 Fort Knox firefighters  website
 Fort Knox firefighters patch  website
 US Government document authorizing use of uniforms for civilian firefighters

United States Department of Defense
Firefighting

U.S. Defense Department firefighters


Orillia is a city in Central Ontario, Canada. It is 135 kilometers (84 miles) north of Toronto. It is between two lakes, Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. According to the Canada 2011 Census, 30,586 people lived in Orillia.

The Orillia City Council is in charge of governing the city and has eight councilors and a mayor. The Ontario Provincial Police has its headquarters in the city.

The Huron and the Iroquois lived in the area of Orillia for over 4,000 years. Nobody really knows how Orillia got its name. It might come from the Spanish word "orilla", which means the shore of a lake or river. Orillia was incorporated as a village in 1867. It became a city in 1967.

References

Cities in Ontario

Orillia


Xinjiang (also transliterated as Sinkiang) is a northwestern region of the People's Republic of China. Like all of China, it is also claimed by the Republic of China. It is a large area with few people. It is over 1.6 million km2, which takes up about one sixth of the country's land. It is mainly inhabited by Uyghurs who are Turkic people.

In the 19th century, when the name of the Silk Road was first used by a German geographer, it just included the land route from Xinjiang to Central Asia. Xinjiang sits at the heart of the Silk Road in China. At that time, the country was often called "Chinese Turkestan" for its many Turkic peoples.

Xinjiang borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and Jammu and Kashmir's Leh District to the south and Qinghai and Gansu provinces to the southeast, Mongolia to the east, Russia to the north and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan to the west, Pakistan and Kashmir region  to the southwest.

Ürümqi is the capital of Xinjiang and the largest city in Western China. It also holds the world record for being the most remote city from any sea in the world; it is 2,500 km from any coastline.

The east-west chain of the Tian Shan Mountains separate Dzungaria in the north from the Tarim Basin in the south. Dzungaria is dry steppe. The Tarim Basin is desert surrounded by oases. In the east is the Turpan Depression. The Taklamakan Desert is also in Xinjiang. Ürümqi, the capital, Turpan, Kashgar, Karamay, Yining and Shihezi are the major cities.

References

Other websites

 Xinjiang Government official website
 Photos of Xinjiang Ethnic Groups & Food

Xinjiang


The Apostolic Assemblies of Christ, Inc., Incorporated (AAofC), is a Christian Church in the Oneness Pentecostal tradition. The Church is episcopal in governance. The Apostolic Assemblies of Christ was founded as an ecclesiastical corporation under the statutes of the non-profit corporation laws of the United States. The purpose of the founding of the corporation was to provide an ecclesiastical body where all churches could feel free to worship God and where all churches would have representations on all levels. The founder and presiding bishop (emeritus) G. M. Boone started with 7 churches and currently there are 259 churches worldwide. From the beginning, the Apostolic Assemblies of Christ had a set goal and purpose to its very existence in order to exalt the name of Jesus Christ. The organization's headquarters is located in Detroit, Michigan.

History
The Apostolic Assemblies of Christ, Inc.(AAofC) is a predominantly African-American Pentecostal Christian denomination. Founded on March 20, 1970, by Presiding Bishop G.M. Boone. The meeting was held at the New Liberty Apostolic Faith Church in Detroit, Michigan. When founded, The A. A. of C. had 7 Churches & 3 States namely:
 Bishop G.M. Boone - Michigan
Bishop Virgil H. Oates - Michigan
Elder Fred Majors - Ohio
Elder Willie J. Duncan - Michigan
Pastor Parilee Mitchell - Michigan
Elder James Ward - Tennessee
Elder Nebraska Edmond - Michigan
1st Secretary - Evangelist Lovora J. Walker
1st Treasurer - Bishop Virgil H. Oates
**The Apostolic Assemblies of Christ was named by Pastor Parilee Mitchell.

Doctrine
The Apostolic Assemblies of Christ teaches and preaches the baptism by both water and fire: the baptism is in the name of Jesus and the infilling of the Holy Ghost with the evidence of speaking in tongues.

Presiding bishops
1970-2012: Bishop G. M. Boone of Detroit, MI (Emeritus)
2012–2017: Bishop Donald Sorrells of Lockland, OH

Executive structure
The church has corporate officers, which include the president, vice president, general secretary and treasurer.

BISHOP G.M. BOONE, D.D. ~ Establishmentarian
THE LATE, BISHOP DONALD SORRELLS, D.D. ~ Presiding Bishop
 ~ Asst. Presiding Bishop
BISHOP RICHARD W. MAHONE ~ Executive Secretary
BISHOP NATHANIEL D. JORDAN, D.D. ~ Financial Secretary
BISHOP MARVIN D. MITCHELL ~ Treasurer

Ecclesiastical structure
The leadership of the AAofC consists of a presiding bishop and a board of bishops. The board also includes emeritus bishops who once served but are either semi or fully retired.

Under the oversight of the board of bishops are geographical units called councils. Councils correspond to state or national boundaries and each council is headed by a diocesan bishop, who is appointed by the board of bishops. A diocesan bishop can have assistants, called jurisdictional bishops. These jurisdictional bishops hold only the authority given them by the diocesan bishop. Typically they will have authority over a region or part of a state. Reporting under the jurisdictional bishop are district elders, who oversee and assist the elders (pastors and their churches) in his district.

Current councils
Michigan State Council (organized July 1970)/Bishop Marvin D. Mitchell – Diocesan Bishop
Central District Council (organized May 1975)/Bishop Nathaniel D. Jordan, D.D. – Diocesan Bishop
Southern District Council (organized November 1980)/Bishop W.T. Walton Jr. – Diocesan Bishop
Illinois-Indiana District Council (organized April 1981)/Bishop William L. Harris Sr., D.D. – Diocesan Bishop
Eastern District Council (organized November 1990)/Bishop Ernest Clay, D. Min. - Diocesan Bishop
Gulf State Council (organized October 2000/Bishop Richard L. Brown – Diocesan Bishop
California State Council (organized August 2006)/Bishop Arthur Earl Newman, B. Th. – Diocesan Bishop
Tennessee Carolina Council (organized October 2008)/Bishop Isaac Williams, D. Min. – Diocesan Bishop
Texas State Council (organized March 2013)/Bishop Paul Bell – Diocesan Bishop

Women in ministry
Women in ministry are recognized and widely accepted. Women are given liberty to function as licensed ministers, ordained evangelist, and pastors. They can also hold council and national offices. However, according to the by-laws they cannot hold the episcopal ranks of district elder, suffragan bishop, or bishop.

Auxiliary departments
INTERNATIONAL APOSTOLIC WOMEN - Dr. Thelma Sorrells, Chairlady
NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD - District Elder Dr. Olgen Williams, Chairman
NATIONAL FOREIGN MISSIONS - Sister C. Jeanette Carter, Chairlady
NATIONAL HOME MISSIONS - Pastor Dr. Christine Grant, Chairlady
NATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL - District Elder Terrance Mickens, Superintendent
NATIONAL YOUNG PEOPLE'S AUXILIARY - Elder Mark Moore Jr., President

Auxiliary bishops
 Bishop Arthur Earl Newman, B. Th. - National Home Mission
 Bishop Nathaniel D. Jordan, D.D. - International Apostolic Women
 Bishop Arthur Cohens - National Brotherhood
 Bishop Richard L. Brown - National Missionary
 Bishop Johnny L. Davis - National Sunday School
 Bishop Isaac Williams, D. Min. - National Young People

A. A. of C. calendar of events
March- Mid-Winter Pastors & Workers Convention (National Meeting)
April- National Youth Convention (National Meeting)
July- Annual National Convention (National Meeting) Normally held in various cities across the United States

Related organizations
 Pentecostal Assemblies of the World - The grandmother denomination of the Apostolic Assemblies of Christ.
 Pentecostal Churches of the Apostolic Faith - Mother denomination of the Apostolic Assemblies of Christ. Bishop Boone was ordained elder by Bishop S. N. Hancock, served as district elder and chairman of the Michigan State Council, and was elevated to the office of bishop against his own objections.

Historically African-American Christian denominations
Christian organizations established in 1970
Oneness Pentecostal denominations
Pentecostal denominations established in the 20th century
1970 establishments in the United States

Apostolic Assemblies of Christ


Fantasia 2000 is a 1999 American animated movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a sequel to Fantasia (1940). Like the earlier movie, it has animated segments set to pieces of classical music. The Sorcerer's Apprentice is the only segment that is in both movies.

The soundtrack was performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra with conductor James Levine. A group of celebrities introduce each segment in live-action scenes. The celebrities include Steve Martin, Bette Midler, Penn & Teller, James Earl Jones, Quincy Jones and Angela Lansbury.

Fantasia 2000 was shown at Carnegie Hall on December 17, 1999. It was part of a five-city concert tour, with performances in London, Paris, Tokyo and Pasadena, California. An exclusive release in IMAX theatres followed from January 1 to April 30, 2000. It became the first animated feature-length movie in the IMAX format. Fantasia 2000 was opened in the United States on June 16, 2000. It has earned $90.8 million in gross revenue worldwide.

Rhapsody in Blue
Rhapsody in Blue is the first Fantasia segment with music from the American composer George Gershwin. It originated in 1992 when director and animator Eric Goldberg approached Al Hirschfeld about the idea of an animated short set to Gershwin's composition in the style of Hirschfeld's illustrations. Hirschfeld agreed to serve as artistic consultant and allowed the animators to use and adapt his previous works for the segment. Goldberg's wife Susan was art director. Duke is named after jazz artist Duke Ellington. The bottom of his toothpaste tube reads "NINA", an Easter egg referencing Hirschfeld's daughter Nina. Rachel was designed after the Goldbergs' daughter and John is based on animation historian and author John Culhane and Hirschfeld's caricature of Alexander Woollcott. Goldberg took Hirschfeld's original illustration of Gershwin and animated it to make him play the piano. Featured in the crowd emerging from the hotel are depictions of Brooks Atkinson and Hirschfeld, along with his wife Dolly Haas. The segment was completed five months ahead of schedule from December 1998 to May 1999. The animators from the production hiatus of Kingdom of the Sun were reassigned to work on the segment. Despite this, the sequence was so chromatically complex that the rendering process using the CAPS system delayed work on Tarzan.

References

Other websites

1999 movies
1999 animated movies
1990s musical movies
1990s sequel movies
American family movies
American musical fantasy movies
American sequel movies
Disney animated movies

Fantasia 2000


Mönchgut (Monk's Estates in German) is a peninsula of 29.44 square kilometers with 6600 inhabitants in the southeast of Rügen island in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It lies just between the Greifswalder Bodden and the rest of the Baltic Sea. Mönchgut contains the districts of Göhren and Thiessow; the peninsula is part of the Mönchgut-Granitz administration area. It is also a part of the Biosphere Reserve of Südost-Rügen.

The name translates as the monks' estates. In 1252, Jaromar II, Prince of Rügen sold the area to the Cistercian monks of Eldena Abbey, which was founded by one of his predecessors, Jaromar I, Prince of Rügen in 1199 and by that time also belonged to the Danish Principality of Rügen. To separate the monks' possessions from the rest of the island, a ditch was dug between Baabe and Sellin, known as Mönchsgraben ("monks' ditch"). Today, a large wooden gate built upon the bridge over the Mönchsgraben marks the entrance to the Mönchgut peninsula.

The peninsula is composed of several headlands such as Reddevitzer Höft, the Kleiner Zicker and the Großer Zicker. The bay between the headlands is called Having. Off-shore to the east of the peninsula lies the island Greifswalder Oie.

While the residents of the area earlier supported themselves through fishing and marine activities, today the area is primarily geared toward tourism. One main attraction is the local history museum in Göhren, an open-air museum located on historical settlements. Here there is also a display of the elaborate local costumes, which Mönchgut is well known for.

In 1806, Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden started to construct the town of Gustavia on the peninsula, but had to abandon the project when France occupied Mönchgut during the Napoleonic Wars.

Mönchgut also features the final station of the narrow-gauge railway the Rasender Roland.

External links

Moenchgut
Geography of Rügen
Peninsulas of the Baltic Sea

Mönchgut


The Sleepover Club is a series of children's books by authors Rose Impey, Narinder Dhami, Lorna Read , Fiona Cummings, Louis Catt, Sue Mongredien (aka Lucy Diamond), Angie Bates, Ginny Deals, Harriet Castor and Jana Novotny Hunter. It has also been adapted into a children's television programme. While the books were set in Cuddington, Leicester, England, the television show was set in the fictional Australian beachside suburb of Crescent Bay. The books revolve around five young girls who are part of a club in which they sleepover at each other's houses at least once a week. The television series do not portray the same stories as the books with the possible exception of the first episode which loosely resembled the story where the girls try and set up their 'Brown Owl' with their school care-taker.

The girls' names are Francesca "Frankie" Thomas, Rosie Cartwright, Felicity "Fliss" Sidebotham (Later "Proudlove"),  Lyndsey "Lyndz" Collins and Laura "Kenny" McKenzie. Their rivals are two, snobbish girls in their class named Emma Hughes (nicknamed "The Queen") and Emily Berryman (nicknamed "The Goblin"). This pair are also referred to as the Gruesome Twosome or "The M&Ms."  There are 54 books:
 The Sleepover Club at Frankie's
 The Sleepover Club at Lyndsey's
 The Sleepover Club at Felicity's
 The Sleepover Club at Rosie's
 The Sleepover Club at Kenny's
 Starring the sleepover club
 The Sleepover Girls Go Pop (A.K.A Sleepover Girls Go Spice)
 The 24-Hour Sleepover Club
 The Sleepover Club Sleeps Out
 Happy Birthday Sleepover Club
 Sleepover Girls on Horseback
 Sleepover in Spain
 Sleepover on Friday 13th
 The Sleepover Girls Go Camping
 Sleepover Girls Go Detective
 Sleepover Girls Go Designer
 The Sleepover Girls Surf the Net
 Sleepover Girls on Screen
 Sleepover Girls and Friends
 Sleepover Girls on the Catwalk
 Sleepover Girls go for Goal
 Sleepover Girls Go Babysitting
 Sleepover Girls Go Snowboarding
 Happy New Year, Sleepover Club
 Sleepover Girls Go Green (A.K.A Sleepover Club 2000)
 We Love You Sleepover Club
 Vive le Sleepover Club
 Sleepover Club Eggstavaganza
 Emergency Sleepover
 Sleepover Girls on the Range
 The Sleepover Club Bridesmaids
 Sleepover Club See Stars
 Sleepover Club Blitz
 Sleepover Girls in the Ring
 Sari Sleepover
 Merry Christmas Sleepover Club
 The Sleepover Club Down Under
 Sleepover Girls Go Splash
 Sleepover Girls Go Karting
 Sleepover Girls Go Wild!
 The Sleepover Club at the Carnival
 The Sleepover Club at the Beach
 Sleepover Club Vampires
 sleepoverclub.com
 Sleepover Girls Go Dancing
 The Sleepover Club on the Farm
 Sleepover Girls Go Gymnastic
 Sleepover Girls on the Ball
 Sleepover Club Witches
 Sleepover Club Ponies
 Sleepover Girls on Safari
 Sleepover Club Makeover
 Sleepover Girls Go Surfing
 Sleepover Girls go Treasure Hunting

Series of children's books
British children's novels
Novels set in Leicestershire

The Sleepover Club


Cardinal numbers (or cardinals) are numbers that say how many of something there are, for example: one, two, three, four, five, six. They are sometimes called counting numbers.

The cardinality of a set is the cardinal number that tells us, roughly speaking, the size of the set.

In mathematics, people also study infinite cardinal numbers. The first infinite cardinal number was named  (pronounced "Aleph null", "Aleph-zero" or "Aleph-naught") by Georg Cantor.  is the number of numbers that are in the group 0, 1, 2, 3, ... (which goes on forever). Both the set of natural numbers and the set of rational numbers are of size  (that is, they are both countable).

Another infinite cardinal number is the number of numbers in the set of real numbers, and is represented by the symbol  (or , the cardinality of the continuum). Cantor proved that there are many different infinite cardinal numbers that are bigger than . A famous theorem of Cantor is that the cardinality of the real numbers is larger than the cardinality of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis is the statement that there is no middle cardinal number strictly between that of natural numbers and real numbers.

Related pages
Cardinal numeral
Ordinal number
Names for ordinal numbers

References

Number theory

Cardinal number


Benedictine Women of Madison is an ecumenical community of religious women who follow the Benedictine monastic tradition. They are located in Middleton, Wisconsin, near Madison, where they manage Holy Wisdom Monastery.

Members of the Benedictine Women of Madison participate in communal prayer five times daily. They hold retreats and manage the business affairs of the monastery.

History
The community grew out of an earlier community of Roman Catholic religious women. In 1954, a group of sisters moved their community from Sioux City, Iowa, to Madison, Wisconsin at the invitation of the Bishop of Madison. The sisters founded and built a Roman Catholic high school for girls in 1958, which they ran until 1966. At that time, the sisters closed the school and reopened their building as an ecumenical prayer center, called St. Benedict Center, to serve the wider Christian community of Madison.

In the late 1990s, the community formally withdrew from the jurisdiction of Roman Catholic canon law. They transferred their governance to the Federation of St. Gertrude, a group of 17 independent Benedictine women's communities. The process of transferring governance took over ten years and allowed the Madison women to begin accepting women of any Christian tradition as a member of their community.  An ordained Presbyterian minister became the first Protestant member of the community in 2004. She joined two Roman Catholic women. On Sunday mornings, an ecumenical Christian service is held at Holy Wisdom Monastery, which is led by a rotation of ordained Christian ministers, though never a Roman Catholic.

Relations with other communions
Other groups involved in Holy Wisdom Monastery include the Oblates and the Community of Benedict, two different groups of single and married people from many religious traditions who follow the Rule of St. Benedict in their daily lives; and Sunday Assembly, which gathers on Sunday mornings for an ecumenical Christian worship service.

As an ecumenical retreat and conference center, Holy Wisdom Monastery has hosted groups such as the Lutheran Churches' Summer Institute for Mission, monks from the Taizé Community in France, and a visit from the Dalai Lama.

In a June 2006 letter to priests in the Diocese of Madison, Bishop Robert Morlino wrote: "While this community [the Benedictine Women of Madison] fulfills our call for stronger efforts in ecumenical dialogue, I must stress that this is an experimental community and will not necessarily be Roman Catholic in belief or practice." The move toward ecumenism by the Benedictine Women of Madison was affirmed in 2007 by the worldwide leader of Benedictines, Abbot Primate Notker Wolf, the abbot of San Anselmo Monastery in Rome and official representative of the Benedictine order at the Vatican.

Monastery and grounds
Holy Wisdom Monastery's grounds cover , containing an oak savanna, tall grass prairies, and an ancient glacial kettle lake. Buildings on the grounds include a retreat and guest house, a hermitage, and the main monastery building, which is a LEED Platinum-certified building. This main monastery building houses a large gathering space for Sunday morning church services, an oratory for daily prayer, a kitchen, small and large dining rooms, a library, and office spaces.

The sisters began the environmental restoration of sections of the monastery property in the 1990s. Much of the land had been used for farming.  An ancient glacial kettle lake on the property was dredged and 5000 truckloads of silt removed. Fields were also restored to native tall grass prairie, using seeds collected from similar prairies in the area.

In the early 2000s, the former high school and retreat center building was demolished and construction on a new monastery building began. Some 99.75% of the materials from the former building were either reused in the new building or recycled.  The new monastery building has been LEED-certified at the Platinum level by the U.S. Green Building Council.

See also
Gertrude McDermott
Mary David Walgenbach

References

External links
 Benedictine Women of Madison website

Benedictine monasteries in the United States
Catholic–Protestant ecumenism
Catholic orders and societies
Sustainable buildings in the United States
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design platinum certified buildings
Christianity and environmentalism
Christian organizations established in 1954
1954 establishments in Wisconsin

Benedictine Women of Madison


The Fiat 1100 is a small family car produced from 1937 to 1953 by the Italian car manufacturer Fiat. It was introduced in 1937 as Fiat 508 C or Balilla 1100, as a replacement for the Fiat 508 Balilla. Under the new body the 508 C had more modern and refined mechanicals compared to the 508, including independent front suspension and an enlarged overhead valve engine.
In 1939 it was updated and renamed simply Fiat 1100. The 1100 was produced in three consecutive series—1100, 1100 B and 1100 E—until 1953, when it was replaced by the all-new, unibody Fiat 1100/103.

History

The Fiat 508 C was first introduced in 1937. It was powered by a 1,089 cc four-cylinder overhead-valve engine rather than the earlier Balilla's 1-litre unit. Power was up by a third, to  at 4,000 rpm.
Drive was to the rear wheels through a 4-speed gearbox, and for the period, its comfort, handling, and performance were prodigious, making it "the only people's car that was also a driver's car". Unusual for a modestly priced car of the time was the independent front suspension, while the rear had a leaf sprung live axle. According to the manufacturer top speed was .

Exterior styling recalled the 1935 Fiat 1500 and the 1936 Fiat 500 "Topolino", with the typical mid-thirties heart-shaped front grille.
The main body style for the Fiat 508 C was a 4-door pillarless saloon with 4 side windows (two windows on each side without the rear quarter window), and suicide doors at the rear. Other body styles listed by Fiat were a 4-door convertible saloon (saloon with folding roof, based on the standard 4-door model), a 4-door torpedo, a 2-door 4-seat cabriolet, and, for a brief period, a sporty 2-door 2-seat spider built by Carrozzeria Viotti.

In 1938 Fiat put on sale a long-wheelbase six-passenger variant, named 508 L. Besides the  extended wheelbase (at ), other differences from the 508 C were wider wheels and tyres (5.50–15 instead of 5.00–15 tyres) and a shorter final drive ratio, which reduced top speed to . The 508 L was sold as a 4-door, 6-window saloon, pillarless and with rear-hinged aft doors like the 508 C, able to carry six passenger thanks to two foldaway seats. Additionally there was a 4-door, 6-window taxi (Tassì) version, which differed in possessing a B-pillar—to which all four doors were hinged—and a partition between the driver and passenger compartments. Indeed, most 508 L saloons saw service as taxis or livery cars. The lengthened 508 L also formed the base for two light commercial vehicles, a van (Italian name 508 L Furgoncino) and a platform lorry (508 L Camioncino).

Again in 1938 a sports model was introduced, the  508 C Mille Miglia.

In 1939 the car underwent a restyling of the front end and became the Fiat 1100, also inappropriately known as 1100 A to distinguish from the later variants. The car had gained a taller, pointed grille—which earned it the popular nickname of 1100 musone, i. e. "big muzzle"—with horizontal chrome bars, the top three extending back over window-shaped louvres on each side of the redesigned engine bonnet. Available body styles were six, all carried over from the previous model: saloon, convertible saloon, cabriolet, sports berlinetta, long-wheelbase saloon and taxi. No significant changes were made to the car's mechanicals.

After World War II, in 1948, the 1100 received some mechanical and interior upgrades, and was renamed 1100 B. The revised type 1100 B engine produced  at 4,400 rpm thanks to improved inlet and exhaust manifolds and a larger 32 mm diameter choke carburettor. Inside the cabin there was a two-spoke steering wheel instead of the previous three-spoke one, new instrumentation and new trim. The 1100 B was available as saloon, long-wheelbase saloon and taxi. In total 25,000 were made between 1948 and 1949.

The 1100 B lasted only one year as in 1949 the car was re-introduced with a curvy boot and new name, the 1100 E.

Derivatives

508 C Mille Miglia

The Fiat 508 C Mille Miglia was a 2-door, 2-seat berlinetta sports car based on the 508 C chassis and engine, produced in 1938 and 1939. At the 1938 Mille Miglia race the debuting 508 C MM won its class, recording an average speed of  and placing 16th overall.

The novel coupé body had a peculiar but highly aerodynamic shape, characterised by a flat, elongated roofline, an abruptly cut off tail, and some very modern traits like an uninterrupted fender line and smooth sides—a first on a Fiat.
As the Mille Miglia model was developed mainly to help promote the new 508 C by competing in motor racing, the chassis had to be carried over from the saloon and couldn't be lowered or altered to reduce the frontal area. Therefore in order to up the car's top speed Fiat's Ufficio tecnico vetture (motor car engineering and design department, headed by Dante Giacosa) had to optimise the body shape to lower its drag coefficient—even at the cost of sacrificing interior room and rear visibility.
According to Giacosa inspiration for the sports coupé's body came from observing that during test runs a prototype 500 Topolino-based van could reach a higher top speed than the saloon it was based on. The shape of the body was then perfected using a number of 1:5 scale models and the wind tunnel of the Politecnico di Torino university.

The 1,089 cc engine had a larger Zenith 32 VIMB carburettor, a 7:1 compression ratio and other improvements; now coded 108 C M.M., it produced  at 4,400 rpm—up from 32 PS of the standard 508 C.
Thanks to the aerodynamic, lightweight body and more powerful engine, top speed was , remarkable for a 1.1-litre car of that size and weight.

For 1939 the body shape was further developed, changing the front end (now with a trilobate instead of hearth-shaped grille) and exaggerating the teardrop shape of the rear.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Gallery on Italian Balilla registry website

1100 (1937)
1930s cars
1940s cars
1950s cars
Cars introduced in 1937
Compact cars
Sedans
Convertibles
Roadsters
Cars discontinued in 1953

Fiat 1100 (1937)


Pablo Emilio Sandoval Reyes (born August 11, 1986) is a Venezuelan-American professional baseball third baseman who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, Boston Red Sox, and Atlanta Braves. He stands  tall, and weighs . Nicknamed "Kung Fu Panda", Sandoval is a two-time All-Star and has won three World Series championships with the Giants. He hit three home runs in Game 1 of the 2012 World Series, becoming the fourth player to hit three home runs in a World Series game, leading to his being named that year's World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP). During the offseason, Sandoval plays for the Navegantes del Magallanes of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (VPBL).

In 2002, Sandoval was signed by the San Francisco Giants. Sandoval worked his way through the minor leagues and debuted with the Giants in 2008, batting .345 in 41 games. Capable of playing first base, third base, and catcher, he became the Giants' starting third baseman in 2009, ceasing to catch that year and playing first base only occasionally. In 2009, Sandoval finished second in All-Star Final Vote balloting, batting .330 with 25 home runs and 90 runs batted in (RBIs) in his first full season in the majors. However, Sandoval struggled in 2010 and was benched during the playoffs for the 2010 World Series, which the Giants won. He lost weight before 2011 and hit .315 with 23 home runs in 117 games. Injuries limited Sandoval to 109 games in 2012, but he was selected to his second-straight All-Star Game. Then, in Game 1 of the 2012 World Series, Sandoval joined Babe Ruth, Reggie Jackson, and Albert Pujols as the only players to hit three home runs in a World Series Game. For his contributions, Sandoval was named the World Series Most Valuable Player, as the Giants swept the Detroit Tigers. In 2013, he appeared in 141 games, batting .278, with 14 home runs, and 79 RBIs.

A free agent after the 2014 season, Sandoval signed a five-year contract with the Red Sox that offseason. Due to poor performance, the Red Sox released him in 2017. Sandoval then re-signed with the Giants, but the Red Sox remained responsible for paying his salary through the end of the 2019 season.

Early life
Sandoval was born to Pablo Sr. and Amelia Sandoval in Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela. He grew up an avid baseball fan, following the careers of Omar Vizquel and Andrés Galarraga.  He practiced baseball in an empty two-car garage with his older brother, Michael. His favorite players were Omar Vizquel (later his teammate on the Giants) and Andrés Galarraga. He was born left-handed, but wanted to be able to play shortstop like Vizquel. Thus, at nine, he taught himself to throw right-handed as well.  He can still throw with both hands, but throws right-handed during games.

Professional career

Minor leagues
Sandoval received notice from scouts in 2002, when he went to the Dominican Republic for a scouting tournament. A scout for the Texas Rangers told Sandoval he would come to Venezuela to sign him, but he did not show up. After two weeks, Ciro Villalobos, a scout for the San Francisco Giants, offered Sandoval a contract, and he signed. Sandoval began his professional career as a catcher in 2004 with the rookie AZL Giants, hitting .266 with no home runs and 26 runs batted in (RBI) in 177 at bats.

In 2005, he was used almost entirely as a third baseman while playing for the Single-A short season Salem-Keizer Volcanoes. He hit .330 (second in the Northwest League to Mike Mooney's .342) with three home runs and 50 RBIs (one behind Luis Valbuena's total). His batting average slumped in 2006 to .265. He had one home run and 49 RBIs with the Single-A Augusta GreenJackets of the South Atlantic League that year, splitting time between first and third base. In 2007, he played for the Single-A advanced San Jose Giants, hitting .287 with 11 homers and 52 RBIs. That season, he was used as a catcher and first baseman, and he helped San Jose win the California League championship.ref name="mlbbio" />

In 2008, he spent time with two minor league teams, San Jose and the Double-A Connecticut Defenders of the Eastern League, before being called up to the majors. In 273 at bats for San Jose, he hit .359 with 12 home runs and 59 RBIs. In 175 at bats with Connecticut, he hit .337 with eight home runs and 37 RBIs. In total, he hit .350 with 20 home runs and 96 RBIs in 2008.

San Francisco Giants (2008–2014)

2008

Sandoval was called up to the Majors on August 13, 2008. He debuted the next day, going 0-for-3 in a 7–4 loss to the Houston Astros. In his first Major League Baseball (MLB) plate appearance, he hit an RBI sacrifice fly. He got his first hit against Mike Hampton in the second inning of his next game, August 16, on his way to going 3-for-5 in an 11–5 loss to the Atlanta Braves. In 41 games in 2008, he hit .345 with three home runs and 24 RBI, striking out 14 times and grounding into six double plays in 154 at-bats. He hit his first MLB home run on August 27 off Liván Hernández in a 4–1 triumph over the Colorado Rockies.

On defense, Sandoval was used at first base, at third base, and at catcher. Teammate Barry Zito gave Sandoval the nickname "Kung Fu Panda" (after the then-recent movie); in a Zito win on September 19, the rotund Sandoval scored a run against the Los Angeles Dodgers by acrobatically jumping over the tag of catcher Danny Ardoin.

2009
Sandoval made the Giants' Opening Day roster out of spring training in 2009 as the Giants' starting third baseman and backup catcher. He served as a personal catcher for Zito at the beginning of the year. On May 12, Sandoval hit his first walk-off home run against Joe Beimel to beat the Washington Nationals 9–7. Following an elbow injury to Sandoval in May, the Giants called up Eli Whiteside to serve as the backup catcher on May 24; since then, Sandoval has not been used at all as a catcher. After 73 games played, San Francisco Chronicle columnist Scott Ostler wrote that Sandoval had made the most impressive transition from the Giants farm system since 1986 when Will Clark and Robby Thompson were rookies.

Sandoval's first days in the majors were marked by a tendency to free swing. Giants hitting coach Carney Lansford noted that Sandoval contributed to the team's drawing the fewest walks in the National League at a time when the overall number of walks throughout baseball had increased. "As much as I try to get him to be disciplined, it's like caging a lion. He leaves the dugout ready to swing the bat. I literally tell him before every at-bat, 'Swing at a strike.'" Sandoval himself characterized his approach as "See ball, swing."  In July 2009, he was named a Sprint Final Vote candidate for the 80th annual All-Star Game for the final roster spot on the National League team. He was edged by Shane Victorino of the Philadelphia Phillies on the last day of voting.

On July 6, Sandoval hit his first career grand slam at home at AT&T Park against Sean West of the visiting Florida Marlins in a 5–4 victory. He hit his first home run into McCovey Cove on July 30, the 50th anniversary of the MLB Debut of Willie McCovey, who was in attendance.  Sandoval said after the game, "It's special right now. I hit McCovey Cove and McCovey's here. He talks to me every time he's in the clubhouse." Sandoval set a record for most hits by a Giants switch-hitter in a single season with 189 in 2009.

Sandoval finished the 2009 season with 25 home runs and 90 RBI in 153 games. He had the second-highest batting average among NL hitters, at .330 (behind Hanley Ramírez's .342), and finished seventh in NL MVP voting. Due to his service time in 2008, he was ineligible for the NL Rookie of the Year Award, which went to Chris Coghlan.

2010
During the offseason, the Giants had Sandoval work on losing weight. Sandoval, however, saw a sophomore slump in 2010. He struggled all season to come close to his 2009 totals and saw himself dropped to eighth in the batting order in a game on June 5. One bright spot in the season came on August 12, when Pat Burrell and Sandoval hit back-to-back home runs against Randy Wells of the Cubs in an 8–7 victory. Sandoval's home run snapped a 46-game home run drought. Sandoval finished the season with a .268 batting average, 13 home runs, and 63 RBI. He saw his batting average, as a right-handed hitter, plummet over 150 points from his 2009 batting average; he dropped from .379 to .227. His batting average with runners in scoring position also dropped during this period, from .301 in 2009 to .208 in 2010. Overweight and unproductive, he was benched during the 2010 National League Championship Series for Juan Uribe and limited to three at-bats in the 2010 World Series. However, Sandoval earned his first World Series ring as the Giants won their first World Series since 1954, securing the championship in five games over the Texas Rangers.

2011

Entering 2011, the Giants made a publicized campaign called "Operation Panda", which was aimed at getting Sandoval into better shape during the offseason. By the end of 2010, he had weighed . Sandoval hired Triple Threat Performance of Tempe, Arizona, to help him lose weight and help improve his performance. He lost over , and it led to results on the field for Sandoval. After a subpar 2010 season, Sandoval returned to his 2009 form. He got off to a good start in 2011, but suffered a broken right hamate bone in late April and missed 41 games. He was activated off the disabled list (DL) on June 14 and had a 22-game hitting streak from June 19 through July 14. On July 10, 2011, Sandoval was selected to the National League All-Star team, becoming the first All-Star position player for the Giants since Barry Bonds in 2007. In his first All-Star at bat, Sandoval hit an RBI ground-rule double against Brandon League, helping the NL win the 2011 MLB All-Star Game.

On September 15, 2011, Sandoval hit for the cycle at Colorado against pitcher Jhoulys Chacín. He had (in order) a two-run home run in the first, a single in the second, a double in the fifth and a triple in the sixth. On September 19, 2011, Sandoval earned his first career "NL Player of the Week" Award. In 2011, Sandoval hit .315/.357/.552 with 23 home runs and 70 RBIs, a significant improvement from 2010. He only had 426 at bats for the season, down significantly from his totals from 2009 and 2010 due to the injury he suffered.

2012
On April 26, 2012, Sandoval hit a single in the fourth inning of a game against the Cincinnati Reds at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati. This was the 19th consecutive game since Opening Day in which Sandoval had a hit, setting a Giants franchise record for longest consecutive hitting streak to begin a season. The previous record – of 18 games – was set by Johnny Rucker in 1945. Sandoval ran it up to 20 before it was snapped. However, in May, Sandoval fractured his left hamate bone, an injury which kept him out until early June. Giants' head athletic trainer Dave Groeschner said the day before Sandoval had surgery, "I guess the good news is both [hamate bones] will be gone tomorrow and he can't do it again." On July 1, 2012, it was announced that Sandoval had beaten out David Wright for his second All-Star team, as the starting third baseman for the National League. The choice was considered somewhat controversial by fans and executives (particularly Sandy Alderson), as David Wright had a significantly higher batting average than Sandoval at the time. Wright made the team as a reserve, and as a reporter pointed out, Sandoval in 2009 "outperformed Wright, who was the fans' choice to start." On July 10, at Kansas City's Kauffman Stadium, Sandoval highlighted the NL's five-run opening inning with the first bases-loaded triple in the history of the Midsummer Classic, off of reigning American League (AL) Cy Young Award winner Justin Verlander.

Sandoval injured his left hamstring at the end of July and was on the DL for the second time in 2012, from July 28 through August 13. On September 20, he homered from both sides of the plate in a 9–2 victory over Colorado, becoming the sixth San Francisco Giant to accomplish the feat. In 108 games (396 at bats), Sandoval batted .283 with 112 hits, 12 home runs, and 63 RBI.

On October 24, 2012, in Game 1 of the 2012 World Series, Sandoval hit three home runs — two of them off Justin Verlander. He joined Babe Ruth, Reggie Jackson, and Albert Pujols as the only players in MLB history to hit three home runs in a World Series game, and is the first in history to hit those home runs in his first three plate appearances (in the first, third, and fifth innings). On October 28, Sandoval was named the World Series MVP. He also won the Babe Ruth Award for his overall postseason performance.  Sandoval set a new Giants franchise record for most hits in a postseason with 24, which included six home runs.

2013
With the Giants trailing 1–0 in the ninth inning on April 30, 2013, Sandoval hit a two-run home run against J. J. Putz to give them a 2–1 victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks. At the end of April, he had 35 hits, tied for the NL lead with Starling Marte and, since 1900, the largest April total by a Giant. On May 21, at AT&T Park and fighting the flu, he hit a 10th-inning, two-run home run against Yunesky Maya to give the Giants a 4–2 victory over Washington. From June 9 through June 23, he was on the DL with a left foot injury. On August 16, he had four hits and reached safely in all six plate appearances during a 14–10 victory over the Miami Marlins. He hit three home runs on September 4 in a 13–5 victory over the Padres. With that performance, Sandoval joined Ruth, Jackson, Pujols, George Brett, and Adrián Beltré as the only players to have three-homer games in both the regular season and the playoffs. In 141 games, Sandoval batted .278 with 146 hits, 14 home runs, and 79 RBI.

2014
By the end of 2013, Sandoval again needed to lose weight. Encouraged by several of his teammates and Giants' general manager Brian Sabean, he showed up at spring training several pounds lighter. The weight loss did not lead to immediate results for Sandoval, who batted .167 with just six RBI in his first 31 games through May 6. However, over his next 42 games through June 21, he batted .351 with seven home runs and 27 RBI.

In the 2014 NLDS, with a game-tying, RBI double in the top of the ninth inning against the Washington Nationals, Sandoval extended his National League postseason hitting record to 13 consecutive games.

In Game 3 of the 2014 World Series, his post-season on-base streak ended at 25. In Game 4, while ailing with the flu, his 13th multi-hit post-season game brought him to second in that category in franchise history, behind Frankie Frisch.

In Kansas City, in Game 7 of the World Series, Sandoval recorded his 26th hit of the postseason, which set a new record for most hits in a single postseason (it was eventually broken by Randy Arozarena in the 2020 World Series). He also caught Royals batter Salvador Pérez's pop-up foul ball for the final out to clinch the World Series championship for the San Francisco Giants. It was  the Giants' third World Championship in a span of five seasons. Sandoval became a free agent after the season ended.

Boston Red Sox  (2015–2017)

2015

On November 24, 2014, Sandoval came to an agreement with the Boston Red Sox on a five-year, $90 million contract with a sixth year club option of $17 million or a $5 million buy-out. The deal was officially announced on November 25. Sandoval said, "It was a tough decision for me. It took me a long time to be sure that I was going to make the right decision... But I want a new challenge. I made that choice to be here in Boston because I need a new challenge."

In 126 games of 2015, Sandoval batted .245 with 10 home runs and 47 RBI, all career lows since his first full season in 2009. He swung at 47.8% of pitches outside the strike zone (the highest percentage in the majors).

2016
In January 2016, Sandoval switched agents and became represented by Rick Thurman and Rafa Nieves of Beverly Hills Sports Council. Looking to improve upon his first season in Boston, an overweight Sandoval struggled in spring training, and was replaced by Travis Shaw as the starting third baseman. On April 13, Sandoval was placed on the 15-day disabled list due to a shoulder strain. On May 3, Sandoval underwent surgery on his left shoulder, sidelining him for the remainder of the season. On September 24, manager John Farrell told reporters that Sandoval was progressing ahead of schedule in his rehab, and could be an option for the Red Sox in the postseason should a need arise, as the team did acquire Aaron Hill during the season to help with third base depth. Sandoval also made an effort at improving his fitness, losing 15 pounds by August while working at the Red Sox facility in Fort Myers. Due to the injury Sandoval ended his 2016 season with six at bats.

2017
Heading into the 2017 season, Sandoval battled in spring training to become the third baseman, competing against Josh Rutledge and a few others. Sandoval won the job after posting solid spring training numbers. He began hitting at the bottom of the Boston lineup, mainly between 6th and 8th in the order. Through 108 plate appearances, Sandoval continued his struggle from the 2015 season, hitting just .212 for the Red Sox before being placed on the 10-day disabled list on June 20 with an inner ear infection. On June 27, he began a rehab assignment with the Pawtucket Red Sox of the Class AAA International League. He was designated for assignment by the Red Sox on July 14, and released on July 19.

Second stint with Giants (2017–2020)

2017
On July 22, 2017, the Giants signed Sandoval to a minor league contract. Upon rejoining the Giants' organization, Sandoval played three games with the Class A-Advanced San Jose Giants and nine games with the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats, where he batted .222 and .207, respectively. On August 5, Sandoval was called up to San Francisco after Brandon Belt was put on the disabled list for a concussion. With the 2017 Giants, Sandoval appeared in 47 games, batting .225 with five home runs and 20 RBIs; defensively, he made 38 appearances at third base and nine appearances at first base.

2018
The Giants picked up Sandoval's option, worth the league minimum, for 2018.
He had a strong spring training, hitting four home runs as part of a .302/.333/.585 slash line. He made the opening day roster out of spring training as a bench player, likely as a backup to newly acquired third baseman Evan Longoria.

On April 28, Sandoval debuted as a pitcher in a 15–6 loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers. He pitched a perfect ninth inning, inducing three groundouts with mostly curveballs averaging around 70 mph. In 92 games for the Giants, he hit .248/.310/.417 with 9 home runs and 40 RBIs.

2019
Sandoval appeared in more than 100 games for the Giants in 2019, playing at 3rd and 1st bases, and pitching in one game. He also led the major leagues with 18 pinch hits, but was hampered by elbow problems. Two days before having Tommy John surgery, he came off the injured list to make a final appearance for retiring manager Bruce Bochy on September 1, 2019.
Sandoval was the 2019 nominee from the Giants for the annual Roberto Clemente Award for contributions on and off the field. He batted .268/.313/.507 with 14 home runs and 41 RBIs, and his first stolen base since 2012.

2020
On January 31, 2020, Sandoval agreed to a minor league contract with the Giants and would get a one-year, $2 million deal if he's added to the 40-man roster. Sandoval made the Opening Day roster for the Giants when his contract was selected on July 23. On September 10, 2020, Sandoval was designated for assignment and placed on release waivers by the Giants. In 2020 with the Giants, he batted .220/.278/.268 with one home run and 6 RBIs in 90 plate appearances.

Atlanta Braves (2020–2021)
On September 14, 2020, Sandoval signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. On September 27, the Braves added Sandoval to the 40-man and active rosters. With Sandoval's usual number 48 being used by Ian Anderson, Sandoval settled with the number 18. In the 2020 regular season, he was 0-for-2 for the team. He made a pinch-hit appearance in Game 1 of the 2020 National League Championship Series after not playing in the Wild Card Series or the Division Series, appearing in the eighth inning with two runners on and two out; he was hit by a pitch after two pitches. He played third base for the ninth inning as the Braves won 5-1.

On January 24, 2021, Sandoval re-signed with the Braves on a minor league contract. On March 27, 2021, Sandoval was selected to the 40-man roster. Sandoval hit two home runs in his first three at-bats, including what turned out to be the game-winner on April 7, 2021. Sandoval was traded to the Cleveland Indians on July 30 in exchange for Eddie Rosario and cash considerations, and was immediately released. In 2021 he batted .178/.302/.342. That year he had the third-slowest sprint speed of all major leaguers, at 22.7 feet/second, ahead of only Albert Pujols and Yadier Molina. Although not on the team for the playoffs, Sandoval received a ring from the Braves following their 2021 World Series Championship, giving him his fourth ring.

Mexican League (2022)
On February 7, 2022, Sandoval signed with the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League. In 28 games, he batted .240/.311/.356 with 3 home runs and 18 RBIs. Sandoval was waived by the team on May 26, 2022. On May 27, Sandoval was claimed off waivers by the Olmecas de Tabasco. In 43 games, he slashed .311/.396/.466 with 7 home runs and 24 RBIs. Following the season, the team announced they would be parting ways, and Sandoval was officially released on January 19, 2023.

International career

Like many Venezuelan MLB players, Sandoval plays in the Venezuelan Winter League during the offseason. He plays for the Navegantes del Magallanes. In 2013, Sandoval led his team to its first series title since the 2002 winter ball season. He was named the MVP of the Venezuelan postseason, three months after being named the 2012 World Series MVP. Sandoval said, "There's nothing like being champion here in Venezuela with the Navegantes. Although it can't be compared with winning the World Series, because they're different things. But it's very special to be champion here."

Personal life
During the offseason, Sandoval lives in Santa Monica, California.

Sandoval's parents run a mechanical engineering firm in Valencia, Venezuela. His older brother, Michael, played in the Minnesota Twins' organization from 1999 through 2004 and, after a year of independent ball in 2009, played for San Jose in 2010. Sandoval is a devout Roman Catholic, and makes the sign of the cross after each base hit. He attributes his success to his faith, saying it is important to be "seizing the opportunities offered in life by God and the need to fight tirelessly, not to survive but to excel."

Sandoval has a daughter from his marriage to Yoletzade Sandoval, whom he divorced in 2010. Sandoval married his current wife, Yulimar Martins, on December 10, 2019, at the St. Regis Bal Harbour Resort in Miami Beach.

See also

List of Major League Baseball batting champions
List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

References

External links

Pablo Sandoval at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1986 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
Arizona League Giants players
Atlanta Braves players
Augusta GreenJackets players
Boston Red Sox players
Connecticut Defenders players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
Major League Baseball third basemen
National League All-Stars
Navegantes del Magallanes players
People from Puerto Cabello
Sportspeople from Carabobo
Sacramento River Cats players
Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players
San Francisco Giants players
San Jose Giants players
Venezuelan Roman Catholics
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
World Baseball Classic players of Venezuela
World Series Most Valuable Player Award winners
2013 World Baseball Classic players

Pablo Sandoval


The one-line diagram (or single-line diagram) is a diagram that shows a three-phase power system in a simple way. It is used in many power-related applications. Each electrical element is represented by a unique symbol. Although it describes three-phase electricity, only one conductor is shown in the diagram.

Electricity
Diagrams

One-line diagram


In telecommunications, information transfer is the process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink via a communication channel. In this sense, information transfer is equivalent to data transmission which highlights more practical, technical aspects.

The information transfer rate may or may not be equal to the transmission modulation rate.

Bidirectional information transfer is called information exchange.

Non-technical meaning
In a non-technical context, information transfer is sometimes used to signify knowledge transfer or teaching.

See also
Federal Standard 1037C in support of MIL-STD-188.

Data transmission

Information transfer


"Wild West Hero" is a song by Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), and the closing track and third single from the album Out of the Blue. The song was written reputedly by lead singer Jeff Lynne in 4 minutes while on holiday. Melvyn Gale, normally the band's cellist, provided the Western-style piano for this track.

It entered the UK Top 40 at No. 31 in June 1978 but fell to number 36 the following week.  Thanks to a rush-release in 12" format on yellow vinyl, its fortunes were reversed a week later, and within six weeks it had risen to a peak position of number 6. Coincidentally this was also the highest UK position achieved by the group's previous single, "Mr. Blue Sky", and the next two, "Sweet Talkin' Woman" and "Shine a Little Love".

The chorus of the song has the same chord progression as Pachelbel's Canon's but transposed from D to G, which is the tonality of "Wild West Hero". The only exception is the 7th chord of the chorus, which is A instead of C.

Chart history

References

1978 singles
Electric Light Orchestra songs
Songs written by Jeff Lynne
Rock ballads
1977 songs
Jet Records singles

Wild West Hero


The space bar, also called the 'spacebar' or 'space key', is one of the most commonly used keys on a computer keyboard. It is used to put a space into something being typed. It is at the bottom of most standard keyboard layouts, such as the QWERTY keyboard. The space bar is wider than all of the other keys on the keyboard.

On many computers, pressing the space bar at the same time as the ALT or CTRL key can activate many useful functions. For example, it can minimize a window in some operating systems. In some web browsers, pressing the space bar makes a window scroll down.

Computer keyboard

Space bar