The 2005 World Summit, held between 14 and 16 September 2005, was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations' 2000 Millennium Summit, which had led to the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Representatives (including nearly 200 leaders) of the then 191 member states met in New York City for what the United Nations described as "a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations".

Summit Summary
The summit was billed as the "largest gathering of world leaders in history", (as was the 2000 summit), and featured appearances of numerous heads of state and heads of government. According to the organizers, about 170 leaders were present. The majority of those present addressed the U. N. General Assembly (UNGA) and gave speeches reflecting on the U. N.'s past successes and future challenges. All 191 of the then member states gave an address in some form—if the head of state or government was not present, the nation's foreign minister, vice president, or deputy prime minister usually spoke. The meetings were presided over by the Prime Minister of Sweden, Göran Persson, since Swedish Jan Eliasson was President of the 60th UNGA. Negotiations for the World Summit Outcome Document had been under the watchful eye of the President of the 59th UNGA, Mr. Jean Ping of Gabon.

The pre-summit negotiations were blown sharply off course by the appearance in early August at the U. N. of United States Ambassador to the U. N. John Bolton, appointed as a recess appointment by U.S. President George W. Bush. The position had been vacant since January, with responsibilities handled by professional U.S. diplomats. Bolton swiftly issued a list of new demands (including dropping the use of the words "Millennium Development Goals"), which days before the summit had still not been settled. Some observers contended that on the eve of the summit the U.S. struck a more conciliatory tone than expected, something partly credited as a consequence of the outpouring of international support for the U.S. after Hurricane Katrina.

As well as discussing progress on the Millennium Development Goals and re-iterating the world's commitment to them, the summit was convened to address the possible reform of the United Nations; much of this was eventually postponed to a later date. An exception was the endorsement of the "responsibility to protect" (known by the acronyms RtoP and R2P), a formulation of the "right of humanitarian intervention" developed by a U.N. commission and proposed by Kofi Annan as part of his In Larger Freedom reform package. The "Responsibility to Protect" gives the world community the right to intervene in the case of "national authorities manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity". There was also broad agreement at the summit to set up a new Human Rights Council.

During the summit, the United Nations Convention Against Corruption received its thirtieth ratification, and as a result entered into force in December 2005.

The inaugural session of the Clinton Global Initiative, organized by the family of William J. Clinton (former President of the USA), was held in New York City to coincide with the 2005 World Summit. This event attracted as many of the same world leaders as the main summit. During his presidency, Mr Clinton has twice hosted more than 150 world leaders during an UN summit, in 1995 and 2000.

Outcome of the 2005 World Summit

At the end of the 2005 Summit the contents of a document, known as the World Summit Outcome Document, were agreed to by the delegations that attended.

It was brought before the United Nations General Assembly for adoption as a resolution on 16 September, where ambassadors made last minute statements and reservations. For example, John Bolton said: "I do wish to make one point clear: the United States understands that reference to the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and the use of the phrase 'reproductive health' in paragraphs 57 (g) and 58 (c) of the outcome document do not create any rights and cannot be interpreted to constitute support, endorsement, or promotion of abortion."

The pressure group The United Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UNA-UK) contend that:

World leaders agreed on a compromise text, including the following notable items:
 the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to provide a central mechanism to help countries emerging from conflict
 an agreement that the international community has a "responsibility to protect"—the duty to intervene when national governments fail to fulfill their responsibility to protect their citizens from atrocious crimes
 a Human Rights Council (established in 2006)
 an agreement to devote more resources to UN's Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS)
 several agreements to spend billions more on achieving the Millennium Development Goals
 a clear and unambiguous condemnation of terrorism "in all its forms and manifestations"
 a democracy fund
 an agreement to wind up the Trusteeship Council due to the completion of its mission

UN Security Council and the protection of civilians in armed conflicts
The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674, adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 28 April 2006, "reaffirm[ed] the provisions of paragraphs 138 and 139 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document regarding the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity" and commits the Security Council to action to protect civilians in armed conflict.

References

Further reading

 United Nations' 2005 World Summit homepage
 Draft outcome document, 5 August (pre-Bolton-requests) (PDF)
 U.S. Revision Package (PDF)
 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, World Health Organization, 15 September 2005
 Summary of Outcome (PDF)
 CBS News, 12 September 2005, "At U.N., Bolton Softens His Tone"
 The Guardian, 10 September 2005, "World summit on UN's future heads for chaos: UK leads last minute effort to rein in U.S. objections"
 Hugo Chávez' address (He proposes the UN be moved out of the US)
 PM Sharon's Speech at the United Nations Assembly 15 September 2005.
 AlterNet, 19 September 2005, "A Triumph for Decency at the U.N." – on the "Responsibility to Protect"
 Ian Williams, The Guardian, 20 September 2005, "Annan has paid his dues: The UN declaration of a right to protect people from their governments is a millennial change"
 Environment and Poverty Times – Summit 2005 Edition
 Alicia L. Bannon, The Yale Law Journal, "The Responsibility To Protect: The U.N. World Summit and the Question of Unilateralism"

United Nations conferences
2005 in the United States
Diplomatic conferences in the United States
21st-century diplomatic conferences (Global)
2005 in international relations
World Summit

2005 World Summit


The Statue of Freedom is a statue of a woman that is on top of the United States Capitol.  It was made in 1863 by Thomas Crawford.  The woman is a symbol - she was not an actual person but stands for the idea of freedom.  She is holding a shield and a laurel wreath in one hand.  In the other hand, she is holding a sword that is sheathed (in its case).

The statue stands on the peak of the dome, beckoning ideas and statutes that will be for the good of America and humanity.

Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.

Statue of Freedom


Steven Kinney (born October 28, 1987, in Norcross, Georgia) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender. He is currently without a club.

Career

Youth and College
Kinney helped his club team, '88 Concorde Fire Elite, to three Region III Premier League titles, a 2005 Disney Showcase title, and a USYSA Regional finals appearance in 2006.

As a two-time captain for his Norcross (GA) High School varsity squad, Kinney led the team to a 7AAAAA region title. He was named all-county, as both a player and scholar-athlete in 2005 and 2006, and he was selected as his team's offensive player of the year in 2005.

After a notable prep career, Kinney now looked to take his game to the next level. He committed to play for coach Darren Powell at Elon University. Kinney made an impact right away as a defender for the Elon Phoenix, starting in all 20 matches of his freshman campaign. He scored the first goal of his career in the season-opener against Stetson, and also notched the game-winning goal against Charlotte. He was honored as the team's top newcomer for 2006.

As a sophomore tri-captain for the Phoenix, Kinney again started every match. He scored just once, but it was the game-winner against High Point. He was named first-team All-Southern Conference, as well as second-team NSCAA All-South and NCCSIA All-State honors. Kinney also earned team MVP for his efforts on the backline.

In 2008, as a junior, Kinney tri-captained the Phoenix to a 7-0-0 record in conference play, and its first SoCon regular season title. Starting every match, once again, his lone goal came in a losing effort against William & Mary. Kinney's stellar defensive play earned him first-team All-SoCon honors, once again. He was also named to the NCCSIA All-State team, as well as the NSCAA All-South Region second-team. Kinney was also a recipient of Elon's Robert C. Browne Sportsmanship Award.

Kinney co-captained the 2009 squad to a 10-8-2 record, and he helped lead the Phoenix to its first appearance in the SoCon Tournament championship game. He scored three goals, but more importantly (as a defender) anchored a defense that posted a school record 10 shutouts in 20 matches. After starting each of the first 19 matches for the Phoenix, Kinney severely sprained his ankle in the SoCon Tournament semifinal against College of Charleston. For the first time in his Elon soccer career, Kinney was forced to watch from the bench as his teammates fought hard but ultimately fell 2-1 in the championship match. The loss meant the end of the season for the Phoenix, and the end of a brilliant college career for Steven Kinney. For the third consecutive season, he was named first-team All-SoCon, NSCAA All-South Region second-team, and NCCSIA All-State. He also won his second team MVP and Robert C. Browne Sportsmanship Awards.

Kinney not only excelled on the field during his Elon career, recording eight goals and six assists in 78 career matches for the Elon soccer team, but in the classroom as well. He graduated from Elon University in December 2009 with a degree in accounting. He was recognized as first-team Scholar All-South Region honoree, named second-team University Division NSCAA/Adidas Men's College Scholar All-American, and selected to the ESPN The Magazine Academic All-District III first-team during his time at Elon. Though Kinney was an outstanding student, he hoped to pursue a professional soccer career upon receiving his diploma, and Major League Soccer would give him that opportunity.

Professional
Kinney's accomplishments on the field at Elon earned him an invitation to the 2010 MLS Player Combine. He was one of only 62 Division I seniors to be invited, and he became the first Elon player ever to be asked to the combine. His performance at the combine put him in a strong position to be drafted.

Kinney was selected by the Chicago Fire with the 45th overall pick of the 2010 MLS SuperDraft. He then headed to Fire training camp with a strong chance of making the final squad.

He locked up a contract offer by impressing the organization in the preseason.
 "Kinney turned heads in February after being inserted into the starting lineup in the club's friendly with the Arizona Sahauros. Playing with what most would consider a projected starting 11, Kinney partnered in central defense with veteran defender Wilman Conde, helping the team earn a shutout in the 1-0 victory."

Kinney signed with the Fire in March, and he became the first player from Elon to sign an MLS contract.

The Fire were not in dire need of replacing their veteran central defenders this season, and that has contributed to Kinney's very limited minutes in his rookie year. Still, as Fire Technical Director Frank Klopas explains:  "We believe Steven has a very bright future ahead of him," said Klopas. "He has a lot of strength and athleticism and he came into camp with a lot of confidence for a rookie. Now he has the opportunity to develop into a great center back in this league – it's just the beginning for him."

Kinney earned his first Major League Soccer start against Real Salt Lake on July 8, 2010. A rash of injuries in the Fire lineup gave him his shot at rightback. The Fire fell behind 1-0 after a Robbie Findley penalty, but Kinney nearly found the equalizer for the Fire shortly after halftime. He sent a header from a corner-kick off the right post in the 48th minute, and then was denied by the left post on a similar play eight minutes later.

Though the Fire were defeated, Kinney's performance stood out as a bright spot for Chicago in the eyes of the media.

In 2014, Kinney was released by Chicago Fire and remains as a free agent.  "If Thursday's form was indicative of Kinney's fit level in the long run, the young man will make noise at the professional level...The stellar play, though unlucky play of Steven Kinney is a positive to take away from a game where the Fire outclassed Real Salt Lake for all but ten minutes, and yet lost."

Post soccer career
Kinney now works in wealth management at Northwestern Mutual in Peachtree Corners, GA

References

External links

Gwinnett Daily Post Article

1987 births
Living people
People from Norcross, Georgia
Sportspeople from Gwinnett County, Georgia
Soccer players from Georgia (U.S. state)
American men's soccer players
Men's association football defenders
Elon Phoenix men's soccer players
North Carolina Fusion U23 players
Chicago Fire FC draft picks
Chicago Fire FC players
USL League Two players
Major League Soccer players

Steven Kinney


Alonzo Eratus Horton (October 24, 1813 – January 7, 1909) was an American real estate developer in the nineteenth century. The Horton Plaza mall in downtown San Diego is named for him.

Early life
Horton was born 1813 in Union, Connecticut, the scion of an old New England family, and grew up in Onondaga County, New York.  By his 20s he had developed a keen entrepreneurial spirit, and in 1834, when he was 21, he began transporting grain by boat from the Lake Ontario port of Oswego, New York, to Canada.  He also taught school there, and in 1834 ran for constable on the Whig ticket.  But having developed a cough, and with his family and friends fearing tuberculosis, he was advised to move to the West.  At that time, the Western frontier was Wisconsin, and in 1836 he moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

A story was told that when Alonzo was eight years old and still living in New York he sold a pig for $1. By mistake, the man gave him $2. The next day Horton returned the $1. By coincidence, the two met again years later in Wisconsin, and the purchaser remembered the incident. He told a large group of citizens in Wisconsin. "I would trust Horton with everything I have in the world."

In 1847, after the American success in the Mexican–American War, Horton traveled to St. Louis, Missouri then the gateway to the Western frontier, and by purchasing land warrants from veterans of that war, gained 1,500 acres (6 km2) of land in the rural wilderness of northern Wisconsin. In 1848 he filed the first warrant for what would become the village of Hortonville, Wisconsin, in Outagamie County near Appleton, Wisconsin. Today, Hortonville is a village with a 2010 population of over 2,700.

In 1848 Horton filed his first Warrant in Green Bay, the County seat for Brown County which the area was a part of at that time, for 160 acres of land which is now "Downtown Hortonville". The price per acre at that time was only $.70. But before he could file he had to take an oath that he had seen and inspected the land and that no other settler resided on the land. To do so meant travelling by foot to inspect the land which was almost all dense woods with no trails. Then he had to go back to Green Bay by foot to file and return again. No easy task as the trip was around 40 miles and the area has many streams and rivers that he needed to cross along the way. After this he became a success at trading land, establishing businesses and cattle.

In 1851, with his town a success, Horton decided to join many in seeking his fortune in the gold fields of California. He sold his interests for $7,000, and traveled to El Dorado County, California, the heart of the Mother Lode. However, he became a success yet again not so much through gold, but through trading ice in the mining towns. In 1857, he returned to Wisconsin via Panama. During an Indian attack, he lost a bag of gold dust worth $10,000, but kept the money he had made trading ice.

During the late 1850s and early 1860s, Horton spent some time in the East, even marrying his second wife, a prominent New Jersey woman. Horton's first wife, whom he met in Wisconsin, had died of consumption. Horton is known to have married at least thrice, but relatives claimed he married about five times.

In 1862 Horton returned to California, this time to San Francisco, where he opened a furniture and household goods store at 6th and Market streets. While there he heard about growing settlement and interest in a small town called San Diego, located in far southern California, just north of the Mexico–United States border. It had become heavily acclaimed for its dry, warm, healthy climate, very welcome to many cold-weary Easterners. After a lecture about the ports of California, he later recalled his excitement, "I could not sleep at night for thinking about San Diego, and at 2 in the morning, I got up and looked on a map to see where San Diego was, and then went back to bed satisfied. In the morning, I said to my wife, I am going to sell my goods and go to San Diego and build a city." Upon visiting there, he noticed that while the small town was built around the old Spanish presidio (fortress) well inland near the mouth of the San Diego River, no large settlements had been made along the large San Diego Bay just a few miles south, even though all ships sailing to the town docked in the bay.

The New San Diego
In 1867 Horton sold off his merchandise in San Francisco and journeyed to San Diego.  There he bought 960 acres (3.9 km2) of land on San Diego Bay for just 27½ cents an acre ($67.95/km2), which became known as "Horton's Addition." Earlier pioneer William Heath Davis was the original founder of San Diego's "New Town", about 12 years before Horton appeared on the scene. "New Town" did not flourish because of lack of freshwater. "Horton's Addition" adjoined the already existing Davis "New Town" subdivision. New businesses began to flood into the "Horton's Addition" due to the promise of a rail connection from the harbor to the east. Eventually, the new addition began to eclipse Old Town in importance as the heart of the growing city.  Local land exploded in price throughout the 1880s, making Horton a success yet again. Horton helped to establish San Diego's Chamber of Commerce in an effort to further expand the developing city. In 1867, Horton was the first person to ask for a public city park to be developed, which later became Balboa Park. When the U.S. Congress withdrew its proposed aid to bring the Texas Pacific Railroad into San Diego, the progress of the city froze.  Many of the workers in the city had paid Horton a large down payment on their property of 1/3rd the value, and offered to surrender the sum along with the property if Horton would only release them from the contract.  Instead, Horton is said to have canceled the contract of anyone who asked, and returned all the money paid, at a great personal loss.  Eventually, the California Southern Railroad (now a part of BNSF Railway) became the first line to connect the city with the rest of America's rail network in 1885.  But land values crashed in the late 1880s, devastating much of Horton's fortune.  By the time he died in 1909, he had lost much of his former wealth.

Personal life
Horton went down in history as a tireless, enthusiastic supporter of the interests of whatever locality he happened to be living in. Saying after moving to Wisconsin and founding the village of "Hortonville" as one of its first settlers in 1848, "My principle is to be as happy as I can every day, to try and make everyone else as happy as I can, and to try to make no one unhappy." Today, the village of Hortonville Wisconsin honors its founder with "Alonzo park", one of three parks in the small town.

He also had something of an effect on San Diego's political scene; when he moved there in late 1860s, most locals, many of whom had migrated from the South or the border states, had supported the South during the Civil War and were Copperheads, or Democratic sympathizers of the Confederacy in an officially Union state.  Upon being told that San Diego was a "Copperhead hole", Horton remarked, "Then I shall make it a Republican hole," and encouraged strong Republican sentiment in the city's newspapers.

Horton was one of San Diego's first Unitarians. He helped found the first Unitarian church in San Diego.

Horton died at age 96 in Agnew Sanitarium, San Diego. He is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery.

Cultural references
KGB Homegrown IV 1976 album fourth song is  Alonzo F. Horton Rag - Hunt'n Peck.

See also
 Statue of Alonzo Horton

References

Further reading

 Donley, Ward T. "Alonzo Horton, Founder of Modern San Diego". San Diego State University thesis. 1952.
 Donley, Ward T. "Vision of Greatness". The Journal of San Diego History, 13:2 (April 1967)

External links

Biographical sketch (San Diego Historical Society)

1813 births
1909 deaths
American city founders
American Unitarians
Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery (San Diego)
Businesspeople from San Diego
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
History of San Diego
People from Outagamie County, Wisconsin
People from Union, Connecticut
People of the California Gold Rush
19th-century American businesspeople

Alonzo Horton


Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu (23 August 1872 – 20 May 1957) was an Indian jurist, political leader, social reformer, and anti-colonial nationalist who served as the chief minister of the Madras Presidency. Prakasam subsequently became the first chief minister of the erstwhile Andhra State, created by the partition of Madras State along the linguistic lines. Prakasam was known as "Andhra Kesari" which translates to "Lion of Andhra". The Andhra Pradesh government issued G.O RT-2500 on 10 August 2014 declaring his birth anniversary a State holiday.

Early life
Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu was born into a Telugu speaking family of Subbamma and Gopalakrishnayya in the village of Addanki,  from Ongole in Madras presidency (now Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh). When he was 11, his father died and his mother had to run a boarding house at Ongole, a profession that was looked down upon at the time.

When E. Hanumantha Rao, his teacher at school, moved to Rajamahendravaram, he took Prakasam along with him as that place had better opportunities for education. He acted in Gayopakhyanam by Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham in 1890 along with his teacher. He was interested in becoming a lawyer since childhood, but Prakasam failed his matriculation examination.  However, he managed to go to Madras and become a second-grade pleader.  Returning to Rajamahendravaram, he eventually became a successful lawyer.  He was elected as Municipal Chairman of Rajamahendravaram in 1904 when he was 31 years old. This election was not easy for Prakasam. He was funded for his education by Zamindar Kanchumarthi Ramachandra Rao, who was at that time received patronage from Raja Vogeti Ramakrishnayya, a wealthy landlord  and was also a municipal councillor for a long time and an honorary magistrate in Rajamahendravaram under Ramachandra Rao. Prakasam was given the utmost support by Ramachandra Rao even though they disagreed in their political ideology.

In England

During one of his professional visits to Madras on a court case, a barrister was impressed with his legal acumen and suggested that he become a barrister.  As a second-grade pleader, Prakasam could not argue cases at higher courts as only barristers were allowed to do so.  Prakasam took the idea to his heart and decided to go to England to pursue legal studies.  It was considered a sacrilege to cross the seas during those days.  However, as Mahatma Gandhi had done before him, Prakasam made a promise to his mother that he would abstain from eating non-vegetarian food, smoking and drinking.  He reached England in 1904.  In England, he joined the Royal India Society and worked for the election of Dadabhai Naoroji to the House of Commons.

In the service of public

After completing the barrister course with a certificate of honour in London, Prakasam relocated to Madras high court.  He was one of the only Telugu barristers to be successful; until then, most of the successful lawyers were either European or Tamil.  He dealt with both civil and criminal cases. Of the latter, one of the important cases was the Ashe murder case.  Ashe was the Collector of Tirunelveli and was shot dead in 1907 by Vanchinathan. This was at a time when Bipin Chandra Pal, the nationalist leader from Bengal, was touring the region, making fiery speeches on nationalism.  Prakasam defended one of the accused and ensured that he got away with a light sentence. Prakasam also edited Law Times, a legal magazine.  The same year he presided over Bipin Chandra Pal's lecture at Madras when others were afraid to come forward, given that the government of the day considered Pal's speeches to border on sedition. He started attending the Congress Party sessions regularly after the Lucknow Pact and signed the Satyagraha pledge in October 1921.  He gave up his lucrative law practice.  He also started and was the working editor of a newspaper Swarajya (literally self-rule). The paper was published simultaneously in English, Telugu and Tamil.

Prakasam ran a national school and a khādī production center.  He was elected the general secretary of the Congress Party in December 1921 at the Ahmedabad session.  Whenever there was unrest or strife such as a riot, he tried to be there so as to comfort people. He visited Punjab during Akali Satyagraha and the Hindu-Muslim riots in Multan.  He toured Kerala during the Moplah rebellion despite a ban on visitors from outside the area and had his property at Ooty attached by the government as a consequence. In 1922, during the non-cooperation movement, he organised a demonstration by 30,000 Congress volunteers at Guntur.  In 1926, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly on a Congress Party ticket.

Andhra Kesari appellation and struggle for independence

When the Simon Commission visited India, public decided to boycott it with the slogan "Simon, go back". There were a host of reasons for this boycott, the most important being that the commission did not have a single Indian in its ranks.  The commission was greeted with demonstration of black flags wherever it went.  When the commission visited Madras on 3 February 1928, Prakasam Pantulu gave the slogan "Go back Simon Commission".The English soldiers warned the demonstrators headed by Prakasam. They threatened to shoot if they (the demonstrators) moved an inch forward. Prakasam Pantulu baring his chest came forward. This made the British soldiers dumb struck. This exemplary courage earned him the title "Andhra Kesari". After this incident, he was known respectfully as "Andhra Kesari" (the Lion of Andhra).

In 1930, when the Congress party wanted all the legislators to resign, he did so but was not convinced about its alternative programme and hence contested and won the by-election.  He joined the Congress Party led by Madan Mohan Malaviya but resigned from it as well and persuaded others to do so after Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Party broke the salt tax law with the Dandi March.  Prakasam also resigned as a legislator and was at the forefront in breaking the tax law at Madras.  In the meantime, he had to suspend the publication of Swarajya due to the high deposit demanded by the government.  It was revived after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact of 1931 but it had to be suspended again due to cash flow problems. Unsuccessful attempts were made to restart it again in 1935.

In 1937, Congress Party contested the provincial elections and achieved majority in Madras province, among others. Though Prakasam was in the running for Prime Minister's post, he made way for Rajaji, who returned to active politics as per the wishes of the Congress Working Committee.  Prakasam became the revenue minister – his major contribution was the founding and chairing of the Zamindari Enquiry Committee which looked at the structural distortions in agriculture perpetrated due to the Zamindari system followed by the British Government.  With the onset of World War II, the Congress ministries resigned from office as they were not consulted by the government about India's participation. Prakasam was the first prominent leader from Southern India to offer individual satyagraha against the war effort in 1941.

Prakasam was arrested and jailed for more than three years for participating in the Quit India movement of 1942.  After his release in 1945, he toured South India to get back in touch with the masses.

Premier of Madras Presidency

In 1946, after the Congress' victory in elections in Madras Presidency, Prakasam became the Prime minister on 30 April 1946, as he and Kamaraj, a Tamil leader, were against Rajaji – the choice of leaders such as Gandhi and Nehru – becoming the Prime minister. However, the government lasted for only 11 months, as it was felt that Prakasam was not accommodating enough to various interests and corruption charges. As Prakasam went against his interest, Mahatma Gandhi faulted Prakasam for accepting gifts and using party funds, ordered Prakasam to resign from congress party.

During his tenure as Premier, Prakasam publicly declared his intention to scrap all existing textile industries in the province and replace them with khadi manufacturing and weaving units. In February 1947, Communists broke into a full-scale revolt. On Vallabhbhai Patel's advice, Prakasam responded with widespread arrests and tough crackdown on arsonists.

Post-independence

Prakasam visited Hyderabad State in 1948, while the Nizam was still in power, although Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru warned against doing so because of concern for his personal safety. He met Qasim Rizvi, the leader of the Razakars, and warned him about "pushing his luck too far"..

In 1952, he formed the Hyderabad State Praja Party (Hyderabad State People's party) and ensured that all the sitting ministers of the Congress Party were defeated. However, Praja party could not come into power by its own and the coalition that he put together collapsed even before a show of strength could be contemplated.

Meanwhile, in December 1952, Potti Sreeramulu died fasting for the cause of a separate state for the Telugu-speaking people. On 1 October 1953, the state of Andhra was created and Prakasam was unanimous choice for Chief minister of the new state. He was not only the party's choice, but the people's choice too. However, due to corruption charges and opposition from the communists and halting support from the socialists, the government fell after a year. Mid-term elections were held in 1955 by which time Prakasam had more or less retired from active politics. On 1 November 1956, Telugu-speaking parts of the erstwhile Hyderabad State were merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Marathi-speaking parts (Aurangabad region) of the Hyderabad state were merged with Bombay State (which later split into Gujarat and Maharashtra) and Kannada-speaking parts (Gulbarga region) were merged with Mysore State. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, a future President of India and a staunch follower of Prakasam, became the chief minister. Prakasam was active in touring the state promoting harijan issues (dalit issues). On one such visit to a harijanwada near Ongole, he suffered from severe sunstroke. He was admitted to a Hyderabad hospital and died there on 20 May 1957.

Institutions named after Prakasam

Andhra Kesari University, Ongole
 Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Memorial Institute of Advance Studies in Education, Nellore, SPSR Nellore Dt, Andhra Pradesh. [STPM IASE]
 Sri Prakasam Government Junior College & High School (1974) – Addanki, Prakasam district
Andhra Kesari Centenary Junior College Degree College – Rajamahendravaram
 Prakasam Engineering College – Kandukur, Prakasam district
 Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Government Junior College – Yanam, Yanam district (near East Godavari district)
 Andhra Kesari Yuvajana Samiti – a socio-cultural organisation, est. 1962
Andhra Kesari Prakasam Junior College – Chirala, Prakasam district
 Prakasam Public School – Inkollu, Prakasam district
 Andhra Kesari Vidya Kendram Junior College – Ongole, Prakasam district
 Sri Prakasam Vidya Niketan High School, Anand Nagar Colony, Hyderabad district
 Andhra Kesari Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Government High School (AKTP High School), Satyanarayana Puram, Vijayawada
 Prakasam centenary Memorial High school, Rajamahendravaram,

Places named after him
 Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh
 Prakasam Nagar, Begumpet Telangana
 Prakasam Road,Tirupati
 Prakash Nagar (Prakasam Nagar previously), Rajamahendravaram
 Prakash Nagar, Visakhapatnam
 Andhra Kesari Nagar(A.K.Nagar), SPSR Nellore District,
 Nrithya Prakasha Varshini (Bangalore)-Dance school started by Prakasam Grand daughter Shyamala Muralikrishna
 Prakasam Barrage, Vijayawada.

Autobiography

Prakasam's autobiography is titled Naa Jeevitha Yatra (My Life's Journey) and published by Telugu Samithi. This book has four parts – the first two are about his early life and his involvement in freedom fighting in India, the third is about getting independence and government formation in Andhra Pradesh, and the last (written by Tenneti Viswanadham) discusses his political career and the changes he brought to Andhra. Emesco published them as a single hard cover edition in 1972.

References

Telugu people
1872 births
1957 deaths
People from Prakasam district
Indian tax resisters
Tamil Nadu ministers
Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India
Indian lawyers
Indian barristers
Indian independence activists from Andhra Pradesh
Chief ministers from Indian National Congress
Chief ministers of Indian states
Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh
Andhra movement

Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu


The Mummy is a 1959 British horror film, directed by Terence Fisher and starring Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee. It was written by Jimmy Sangster and produced by Michael Carreras and Anthony Nelson Keys for Hammer Film Productions. The film was distributed in the U.S. in 1959 on a double bill with either the Vincent Price film The Bat or the Universal film Curse of the Undead.

Though the title suggests Universal Pictures' 1932 film of the same name, the film actually derives its plot and characters entirely from two 1940s Universal films, The Mummy's Hand and The Mummy's Tomb, with the climax borrowed directly from The Mummy's Ghost. The character name Joseph Whemple, the use of a sacred scroll, and a few minor plot elements are the only connections with the 1932 version.

Plot
In Egypt in 1895, archaeologists John Banning, his father Stephen and his uncle Joseph Whemple are searching for the tomb of Princess Ananka, the high priestess of the god Karnak. John has a broken leg and cannot accompany his father and uncle when they open the tomb. Before they enter, an Egyptian named Mehemet Bey warns them not to go in, lest they face the fatal curse against desecrators. Stephen and Joseph ignore him, and discover within the sarcophagus of Ananka. After Joseph leaves to tell John the good news, Stephen finds the Scroll of Life and reads from it. Outside, members of the archaeological team hear his screams and rush into the tomb to find Stephen in a catatonic state.

Three years later, back in England, Stephen Banning comes out of his catatonia at the Engerfield Nursing Home for the Mentally Disordered, and sends for his son. He tells him that when he read from the Scroll of Life, he unintentionally brought back to life Kharis, the mummified high priest of Karnak. The high priest had been sentenced to be entombed alive to serve as the guardian of Princess Ananka's tomb: Kharis secretly loved the princess and attempted to restore her to life after she died; when he was discovered, eternal life and mummification were his punishment. Now, Stephen tells his disbelieving son that Kharis will hunt down and kill all those who desecrated Ananka's tomb.

Meanwhile, Mehemet Bey, a devoted worshiper of Karnak, comes to Engerfield under the alias of Mehemet Atkil to wreak vengeance on the Bannings. He hires a pair of drunken carters, Pat and Mike, to bring the slumbering Kharis in a crate to his rented home, but the two men's drunken driving cause Kharis's crate to fall off and sink into a bog. Later, using the Scroll of Life, Mehemet exhorts Kharis to rise from the mud, then sends him to murder Stephen Banning. When Kharis kills Joseph Whemple the next night, John witnesses it. He shoots Kharis with a revolver at close range, but to no effect.

Police Inspector Mulrooney is assigned to solve the murders but, because he is skeptical and deals only in "cold, hard facts", he does not believe John's incredible story about a killer mummy, even when John tells him that he is likely to be Kharis' third victim. While Mulrooney investigates, John notices that his wife Isobel bears an uncanny resemblance to Princess Ananka. Gathering testimonial evidence from other individuals in the community, Mulrooney slowly begins to wonder if the mummy is real.

Mehemet Bey sends the mummy to the Bannings' home to slay his final victim. However, when Isobel rushes to her husband's aid, Kharis sees her, releases John, and leaves. Mehemet Bey mistakenly believes that Kharis has completed his task, and prepares to return to Egypt. John, suspecting Mehemet Bey of being the one controlling the mummy, pays him a visit, much to Bey's surprise.

After John leaves, Mehemet Bey leads Kharis in a second attempt on John's life. The mummy knocks Mulrooney unconscious, while Mehemet Bey deals with another policeman guarding the house. Kharis finds John in his study and starts to choke him. Alerted by John's shouts, Isobel runs to the house without Mulrooney; at first, the mummy does not recognize her, but John tells her to loosen her hair and the mummy releases John. When Mehemet orders Kharis to kill Isobel, he refuses; Mehemet tries to murder Isobel himself, but is killed by Kharis instead. The mummy carries the unconscious Isobel into the swamp, followed by John, Mulrooney and other policemen. John yells to Isobel; when she regains consciousness, she tells Kharis to put her down. The mummy reluctantly obeys. When Isobel has moved away from him, the policemen open fire, causing Kharis to sink into a quagmire, taking the Scroll of Life with him.

Cast
 Peter Cushing as John Banning
 Christopher Lee as Kharis / The Mummy
 Yvonne Furneaux as Isobel Banning / Princess Ananka
 Eddie Byrne as Inspector Mulrooney
 Felix Aylmer as Stephen Banning
 Raymond Huntley as Joseph Whemple
 George Pastell as Mehemet Bey
 Michael Ripper as Poacher
 George Woodbridge as P. C. Blake
 Harold Goodwin as Pat
 Denis Shaw as Mike
 Gerald Lawson as Irish Customer
 Willoughby Gray as Dr. Reilly
 John Stuart as Coroner
 David Browning as Police Sergeant
 Frank Sieman as Bill
 Stanley Meadows as Attendant
 Frank Singuineau as Head Porter

Production

Filming occurred at Bray Studios in Berkshire. Originally the scenes of Kharis's tongue being cut out and shotgun demise were more graphic, but were trimmed for the British censor.

In the video, Flesh and Blood: The Hammer Heritage of Horror, Peter Cushing says he suggested the scene in which he drives a spear through the mummy. He was inspired by the pre-release poster (see image above) which shows the mummy with a shaft of light passing through it.

A fibreglass replica of a sarcophagus created for the film is in the collection of the Perth Museum and Art Gallery.

Critical reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin of the UK wrote: "More glamorously photographed than ever, Hammer's latest excursion into nineteenth century macabre fantasy is weighed down by wordy historical exposition, flashbacks to ancient Egyptian burial ceremonies and a resultant slackening in pace". Howard Thompson of The New York Times thought that the film was "woodenly directed" and "should have been better". Variety wrote that the film was "excellently executed" in all technical departments, and while there was "little of actual newness" to the plot, the film "carries the type of action expected, and while chiller aspects aren't too pronounced they're sufficient to those who want to find them". Harrison's Reports called it "a fairly good picture of its kind, produced on a more lavish scale than its predecessors and enhanced by Technicolor photography".

The Hammer Story: The Authorised History of Hammer Films wrote of the film: "Structurally little more than a string of picturesque and nice-lit killings, The Mummy's melancholic presentation and romantic undertow grants it a certain atmosphere which elevates this bandaged brute far beyond its cinematic predecessors".
It currently holds a positive 89% "Fresh" on film review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on 9 reviews.

Nina Wilcox Putnam, co-writer of the original 1932 Universal Mummy film, was highly critical of the Hammer adaption, writing in a letter to Time magazine: "This disgusting English remake was done without my knowledge or consent, and it has been a terrible shock at the age of 75, to find such a work attributed to me, however wrongly and by indirection".

In other media
The film was adapted into a 12-page comic strip for the July 1978 issue (#22) of the magazine Hammer's Halls of Horror. It was drawn by David Jackson from a script by Steve Moore. The cover of the issue featured a painting by Brian Lewis of Christopher Lee as Kharis.

The film is cited as a particular influence on the Doctor Who serial Pyramids of Mars (1975).

References

Bibliography

External links

1959 films
1959 horror films
1950s English-language films
1950s historical fantasy films
1950s historical horror films
Ancient Egypt in fiction
British historical fantasy films
British historical horror films
Films about curses
Films adapted into comics
Films directed by Terence Fisher
Films set in 1895
Films set in 1898
Films shot at Bray Studios
Films with screenplays by Jimmy Sangster
Gothic horror films
Hammer Film Productions horror films
Mummy films
Reboot films
Universal Pictures films
1950s British films

The Mummy (1959 film)


Wan Gang (, born August 1952) is a Chinese expert on automobiles and retired politician. He was formerly the president of Tongji University (2002–2007), the Minister of Science and Technology, the chairman of the China Zhi Gong Party, and a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (2008-2023).

Biography
Wan graduated from Northeast Forestry University. In 1979, he did his postgraduate study on experimental mechanics in Structural Theories Research Institute of Tongji University and received his master degree in 1981.

In the same year, he stayed on campus and taught mathematics and mechanics. In 1985, he went to Germany as a visiting scholar and doctoral candidate of Department of Mechanical Engineering in Clausthal University of Technology and received Ph.D (Dr.-Ing.) with good honor five years later.

In 1991, Wan began to work in German Audi Corporation, in charge of computer virtualization of automobile in the R&D Department. Soon he originated a distinctive auto-developing system for the company. In 1996, he was promoted to technical manager in production and technology division, and took charge of informational manufacturing technology as well as management. His leadership and contribution in many technological innovations facilitated the production of Audi A4, car of a new generation, thus winning for the company huge economic profits. In 1994 and 1995, he was consecutively invited as guest professor and doctoral supervisor at Clausthal University of Technology and of Tongji University. Under his instruction, his German doctoral candidates successfully carried out a researching project on fuel cell and they filled the blank of this field then and there.

In the year of 2000, Wan made a strategic proposal ("Regarding Development of Automobile New Clean Energy as the Starting Line for Leap- Forward of China's Automobile Industry ") to the State Council of China to develop a new type of automobile propelled by new clean fuel, with a view to ushering Chinese auto industry onto a new stage. His proposal received the attention and support from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the State Economic and Trade Commission. By the end of 2000, he returned to China upon the invitation of the Ministry of Science and Technology and was appointed as chief scientist and group leader of the 863 Program key electric automobile projects assigned by Ministry of Science and Technology. Also, he took the responsibility of major supervisor to handle the most demanding part in this project ---- the developing of fuel cell sedan, which deals with the most complicated technologies as well as the heaviest working load. This project was nominated as one of the "Ten Greatest Scientific and Technological Progresses of Chinese Higher Schools in 2005".

In 2002, Wan worked as Assistant President of Tongji University; in 2003, Vice (Acting) President of Tongji; in July 2004, President of Tongji. He was also the founding dean of New Energy Automobile Engineering Center at Tongji.

Wan is a member of the standing committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has been chairman of the China Zhi Gong Party since December 2007 and a vice president in the Association for Science and Technology of Shanghai since 2006.

Wan was appointed the Minister of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China on April 27, 2007.  He was the first cabinet minister from a non-Communist party since the late 1970s when China launched its economic reform and opening-up drive.

In February 2009, Wan and US energy secretary Steven Chu announced the US-China Center Clean Energy Research Center (CERC) during a visit by Chu to China. visited China. Wan was an advocate for CERC throughout its existence.

See also
 Tiandihui

References

Living people
1952 births
People's Republic of China politicians from Shanghai
Government ministers of the People's Republic of China
Northeast Forestry University alumni
Tongji University alumni
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Academic staff of Tongji University
Audi people
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
China Zhi Gong Party politicians
Ministers of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Clausthal University of Technology alumni

Wan Gang


Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Wild Teasel.  It belongs in the teasel family (Dipsacaceae).

It is native to Eurasia and Africa, and has been naturalized in the Americas, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.  This species grows to a height of 2–10 feet. The flowers are small and lavender-colored. They are arranged in an oval flower-head, which also contains many small leaves. These are hard and have a hooked and pointed tip.

In ancient times, this plant was grown in gardens because its dry flower-heads were used to prepare wool for spinning. This was done by combing the raw wool with the flower-heads, so that the fibres were arranged neatly. The people who prepared wool were called "fullers", which is the origin of the plant's English and scientific names. Fuller's Teasel was also used in folk medicine, for example against skin infections.

Other websites

Dipsacus fullonum at USDA PLANTS Database
Dipsacus fullonum at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses

Dipsacales

Dipsacus fullonum


The Lambada is a dance from Brazil. It is sometimes called the "forbidden dance". It started in the late 1970s. It became most popular in the 1980s. Its popularity was mostly in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

The Lambada is a dance for two people. The dance is done with bent legs. Steps are usually side to side, with turns. There are pronounced movements for the hips. Around the time the Lambada became popular, the women often wore short skirts. These skirts swirl up when the woman turns. Sometimes the woman's thong underwear is seen during the turns.

Dances

Lambada


Tobias Verhaecht (1561–1631) was a painter from Antwerp in the Duchy of Brabant who primarily painted landscapes. His style was indebted to the mannerist world landscape developed by artists like Joachim Patinir and Pieter Bruegel the Elder. He was the first teacher of Pieter Paul Rubens.

Life

Tobias Verhaecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Cornelis van Haecht.  His father must also have been an artist as Verhaecht was admitted to the Antwerp Guild of St Luke as the son of a master.

It is not recorded with whom he studied.  Before 1590 he travelled to Italy and first worked in Florence where Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was his patron. He then moved on to Rome where he was active as a painter of landscape frescos. He returned to Antwerp where he became a master of the Guild of St. Luke in 1590–91.

Not long after he married Suzanna van Mockenborch, who was the granddaughter of Peter Paul Rubens' stepfather Jan de Landmetere, and a cousin of his mother. The couple had two sons Cornelis and Willem and one daughter Suzanna.  His wife died in 1595 after the birth of their daughter.  This happened during a difficult financial period for Verhaecht when he had also been appointed deacon of the Guild.

The year following the death of his first wife, he married Esther Pamphi, whose sister Maria married the battle painter Sebastiaen Vrancx.  The couple had one more son and daughter. His second wife died in 1612.  Verhaecht suffered more family drama with the death of his first-born Cornelis in 1614 and of his daughter Suzanna in 1623.

Verhaecht was a member of the Violieren, a local Chamber of rhetoric connected to the Antwerp Guild of St Luke for which he wrote a comedy in 1620.

He was the first teacher of Rubens who studied with him around 1592 for about two years but left because his interest was history painting and not landscape.  His other pupils included his son Willem van Haecht, Jacques Backereel, Marten Ryckaert, Geeraert van Beemel, Adriaen Daep, Leonhard Cemp, Cornelis Bol, Pieter van den Hoeck and Abraham Matthys.

The artist died in Antwerp in 1631.

Work

Tobias Verhaecht specialized in landscapes and also produced several versions of the Tower of Babel.  His landscapes followed the traditional style of the world landscape, which had first been developed in the first half of the 16th century by Joachim Patinir and had reached its peak with Pieter Bruegel the Elder.  The landscapes depict imaginary mountains characterized by rocky peaks seen from a high viewpoint and typically including a religious or mythological scene. These landscapes often include villages and figures dwarfed by their surroundings rendered in meticulous detail.

His work closely resembles in style the set of 12 large prints published by Hieronymus Cock after designs by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, which are referred to by art historians as the Large Landscapes. The earliest works of Verhaecht are clearly conservative in style. The steep and bizarre rock formations and the strange atmosphere are indebted to Joachim Patinir, who was already dead for three-quarters of a century when Verhaecht started to create these works. Verhaecht shows in these works that the evolution of landscape painting during the second half of the sixteenth century had largely passed him by. In the 1620s and 1630s he painted panoramic landscapes with a high horizon and using the traditional three-color plan. He was thus still working in the fantastic landscape tradition at a time when Jan Brueghel the Elder was painting casual village landscapes, and his former pupil Rubens had realized some beautiful atmospheric landscapes. Verhaecht's landscapes were not entirely oblivious of the work of Josse de Momper and Gillis van Coninxloo who were evolving towards a more close-up and realist approach and he adopted some of the elements of the new approach.

He collaborated with other local painters such as Jan Brueghel the Elder, Frans Francken the Younger, Sebastian Vrancx and Gillis Coignet who painted the figures in his paintings.  Some of Verhaecht's landscapes were made into prints.

References

External links

Artists from Antwerp
1561 births
1631 deaths
Flemish Renaissance painters
Flemish landscape painters
Painters from Antwerp
16th-century Flemish painters
17th-century Flemish painters

Tobias Verhaecht


Bibra may refer to:

Organisations
 British Industrial Biological Research Association, now known as BIBRA in the UK

Places
 Bibra, Schmalkalden-Meiningen, a village in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany
 Bibra, Saale-Holzland, a municipality in the Saale-Holzland-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany
 Bad Bibra, a town in Burgenlandkreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
 Bibra, Andhra Pradesh, a town near Sirpur (T), in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India
 Bibra Roman Fort, a Roman fort near Beckfoot, Cumbria, U.K.
 Bibra Lake, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia named after Bibra Lake within its borders
 Bibra Valley, an ice-free valley in Antarctica

Bodies of Water
Bibra (river), a small river in southern Thuringia, Germany
Bibra Lake, a lake within the town of Bibra Lake, Western Australia

School
Heinrich-von-Bibra-Schule, a public school in Fulda, Germany

Noble Families
 von Bibra: a German Franconian and Thuringian family
 August von Bibra (1808–1894) general manager of the Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas
 Conrad von Bibra (1490–1544), Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
 Ernst von Bibra (1806–1878), Naturalist and Author
 Eve von Bibra, actress and singer in Australia
 Franz Ludwig von Bibra (1783 – 1823), soldier, author, and early settler of Tasmania, Australia
 Heinrich von Bibra (1711–1788), Prince-Bishop and Abbot of Fulda
 Lorenz von Bibra (1456–1519), Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
 Nikolaus von Bibra, 13th century Erfurt monk
 Wilhelm von Bibra (1442–1490), Papal Emissary
 von Bibra(n)-Modlau family (as in Friedrich Heinrich von Bibran-Modlau of Silesia) sometimes referred to as von Bibra.  Raised to Reichsfreiherr (Imperial barons) 1624.  The three sons-in-law  of the apparent last male Bibran-Modlau (David Heinrich), adopted the names: 1) Block von Bibran und Modlau  2) Kölichen gen. Freiherren von Bibra u. Modlau and 3) Schönberg von Bibra und Modlau.  One of the three sons-in-law (Ernst Heinrich v. Kölichen,) adopted the name and coat of arms (c. 1828) but died without sons in 1832 (see Senden-Bibran below).
 von Senden-Bibran family (as in Gustav von Senden-Bibran) - Ludwig Freiherr von Senden adopted Bibran name after marrying the daughter (Agnes) of the eldest daughter of the apparent last von Bibran-Modlau c. 1836.

Bibra


Private Stock Records was a record label that operated from 1974 to 1978.

The label was founded by Larry Uttal after he was ousted from Bell Records.  The label primarily focused on pop music and had numerous hit records, many of them one-hit wonders, including singles by David Soul of Starsky and Hutch fame ("Don't Give Up on Us"), Starbuck ("Moonlight Feels Right"), Austin Roberts ("Rocky"), Samantha Sang ("Emotion"), Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band ("A Fifth of Beethoven"), Cyndi Grecco ("Making Our Dreams Come True", a.k.a. the theme song to Laverne & Shirley) and Frankie Valli ("My Eyes Adored You", "Swearin' to God", "Our Day Will Come"). The label also released Brownsville Station's album with the same name, and the singles "The Martian Boogie" and "(Lady) Put the Light on Me" in 1977.  Even during 1976 and 1977 Jose Feliciano released two albums on the label, "Sweet Soul Music" (produced by Jerry Wexler) and "Angela" (soundtrack of the movie Aaron Loves Angela). More indicative of the label's nature, Private Stock issued for the US in 1976 a compilation of Rod Stewart's work with Steampacket and the Hoochie Koochie Men culled from mid-1960s live shows in the UK while the singer was transitioning from Mercury Records to Warner Brothers. In the early 1980s a Stray Cats compilation appeared in stores, ostensibly a licensee of Capitol Records but debatable as to whether it was even the same company.

Blondie's eponymous debut album—which was not a commercial success at the time—was also originally issued on Private Stock in 1976, as were two final single releases by Junior Campbell.
Following the demise of Woody Woodmansey's U-Boat, singer/songwriter Phil Murray signed to the label in 1978, and released one single, End Of My Time, before moving on to Mickie Most's label RAK.
Singer-songwriter Tom Paxton's 1975 album, Something in My Life and Rupert Holmes' fourth album, Pursuit of Happiness were also released by the label.
Peter Lemongello released one album and a few singles for Private Stock after his debut Love '76.  However, the Love '76 album was never released by Private Stock, and none of his recordings for the label charted.
Gospel/soul singer Cissy Houston (mother of singer Whitney Houston) released two albums on the label- 1977's Cissy Houston and 1978's Think It Over.

The label closed down when Uttal moved to London; he later returned to New York, where he died in 1993. His son Jai Uttal owned the rights to the catalogue after his father's death, however according to him:

The fate of the private stock masters has really been a mystery for me since my dad died. Theoretically I control the catalogue but I have no master tapes or vinyl and have no idea where they might be. Strange, isn't it?
Warm wishes.

References

External links
 Private Stock Records story from BSN Pubs

See also
 List of record labels

American record labels
EMI
Record labels established in 1974
Record labels disestablished in 1978
Pop record labels
American companies established in 1974
American companies disestablished in 1978

Private Stock Records


Entremés, is a short, comic theatrical performance of one act, usually played during the interlude of a performance of a long dramatic work, in the 16th and 17th centuries in Spain. Later, it became the sainete.

When the genre begun, it was written both in prose and verse (poetry), but after Luis Quiñones de Benavente (1600–1650) defined the genre, all works were written in verse. The usual characters of the entremés were the common people; the plot usually satirized the customs and the occupations of the characters, subjects that couldn't be treated in the dramatic works during which the entremés works were played.

Sometimes the playings included songs that were the origin of another genre, the tonadilla.

Some of the most important authors of this genre are: Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Luis Quiñones de Benavente, Luis Vélez de Guevara, Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo, Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, Antonio Hurtado de Mendoza, Francisco Bernardo de Quirós, Jerónimo de Cáncer y Velasco, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Vicente Suárez de Deza y Ávila, Sebastián Rodríguez de Villaviciosa, Agustín Moreto, and Francisco Bances Candamo.

See also
 Baile (Spanish play)
 entremet

References

Theatrical genres
History of theatre
Literary genres
Spanish literature
16th century in Spain
Spanish Golden Age

Entremés


The integumentary system is the set of organs forming the outermost layer of an animal's body. It comprises the skin and its appendages, which act as a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain the body of the animal. Mainly it is the body's outer skin.

The integumentary system includes skin, hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a variety of additional functions: it may serve to maintain water balance, protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate body temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors which detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature.

Structure

Skin

The skin is one of the largest organs of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of total body weight and covers 1.5 to 2 m2 of surface area.

The skin (integument) is a composite organ, made up of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment. It is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina and reticular lamina). The epidermis contains melanocytes and gives color to the skin. The deepest layer of the epidermis also contains nerve endings. Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue.

Between the integument and the deep body musculature there is a transitional subcutaneous zone made up of very loose connective and adipose tissue, the hypodermis. Substantial collagen bundles anchor the dermis to the hypodermis in a way that permits most areas of the skin to move freely over the deeper tissue layers.

Epidermis

The epidermis is the strong, superficial layer that serves as the first line of protection against the outer environment. The human epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, which further break down into four to five layers: the stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale. Where the skin is thicker, such as in the palms and soles, there is an extra layer of skin between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum, called the stratum lucidum. The epidermis is regenerated from the stem cells found in the basal layer that develop into the corneum. The epidermis itself is devoid of blood supply and draws its nutrition from its underlying dermis.

Its main functions are protection, absorption of nutrients, and homeostasis. In structure, it consists of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; four types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells.

The predominant cell keratinocyte, which produces keratin, a fibrous protein that aids in skin protection, is responsible for the formation of the epidermal water barrier by making and secreting lipids.  The majority of the skin on the human body is keratinized, with the exception of the lining of mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth. Non-keratinized cells allow water to "stay" atop the structure.

The protein keratin stiffens epidermal tissue to form fingernails. Nails grow from a thin area called the nail matrix at an average of 1 mm per week. The lunula is the crescent-shape area at the base of the nail, lighter in color as it mixes with matrix cells. Only primates have nails. In other vertebrates, the keratinizing system at the terminus of each digit produces claws or hooves.

The epidermis of vertebrates is surrounded by two kinds of coverings, which are produced by the epidermis itself. In fish and aquatic amphibians, it is a thin mucus layer that is constantly being replaced. In terrestrial vertebrates, it is the stratum corneum (dead keratinized cells). The epidermis is, to some degree, glandular in all vertebrates, but more so in fish and amphibians. Multicellular epidermal glands penetrate the dermis, where they are surrounded by blood capillaries that provide nutrients and, in the case of endocrine glands, transport their products.

Dermis

The dermis is the underlying connective tissue layer that supports the epidermis. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue such as a collagen with elastin arranged in a diffusely bundled and woven pattern.

The dermis has two layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular layer. The papillary layer is the superficial layer that forms finger-like projections into the epidermis (dermal papillae), and consists of highly vascularized, loose connective tissue. The reticular layer is the deep layer of the dermis and consists of the dense irregular connective tissue. These layers serve to give elasticity to the integument, allowing stretching and conferring flexibility, while also resisting distortions, wrinkling, and sagging. The dermal layer provides a site for the endings of blood vessels and nerves. Many chromatophores are also stored in this layer, as are the bases of integumental structures such as hair, feathers, and glands.

Hypodermis

The hypodermis, otherwise known as the subcutaneous layer, is a layer beneath the skin. It invaginates into the dermis and is attached to the latter, immediately above it, by collagen and elastin fibers. It is essentially composed of a type of cell known as adipocytes, which are specialized in accumulating and storing fats. These cells are grouped together in lobules separated by connective tissue.

The hypodermis acts as an energy reserve. The fats contained in the adipocytes can be put back into circulation, via the venous route, during intense effort or when there is a lack of energy-providing substances, and are then transformed into energy. The hypodermis participates, passively at least, in thermoregulation since fat is a heat insulator.

Functions
The integumentary system has multiple roles in maintaining the body's equilibrium. All body systems work in an interconnected manner to maintain the internal conditions essential to the function of the body.  The skin has an important job of protecting the body and acts as the body's first line of defense against infection, temperature change, and other challenges to homeostasis.

Its main functions include:

Protect the body's internal living tissues and organs
Protect against invasion by infectious organisms
Protect the body from dehydration
Protect the body against abrupt changes in temperature, maintain homeostasis
Help excrete waste materials through perspiration
Act as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold (see Somatosensory system)
Protect the body against sunburns by secreting melanin
Generate vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet light
Store water, fat, glucose, vitamin D
Maintenance of the body form
Formation of new cells from stratum germinativum to repair minor injuries
Protect from UV rays.
Regulates body temperature
It distinguishes, separates, and protects the organism from its surroundings.

Small-bodied invertebrates of aquatic or continually moist habitats respire using the outer layer (integument). This gas exchange system, where gases simply diffuse into and out of the interstitial fluid, is called integumentary exchange.

Clinical significance

Possible diseases and injuries to the human integumentary system include:

 Rash
 Yeast
 Athlete's foot
 Infection
 Sunburn
 Skin cancer
 Albinism
 Acne
 Herpes
 Herpes labialis, commonly called cold sores
 Impetigo
 Rubella
 Cancer
 Psoriasis
 Rabies
 Rosacea
 Atopic dermatitis
 Eczema

References

External links

Organ systems

Integumentary system


The Rashaida Free Lions (, al-usud al-hurra) are an armed group of the Rashaida people that was active in the eastern regions of Sudan.  The Free Lions were formed in November 1999 by Mabrouk Mubarak Salim.

While the political grievances articulated by the Free Lions, like those of their allies the Beja Congress, revolve around the effects of large mechanized agricultural schemes upon traditional life, the act which mobilized the Rashaida into action was the government confiscation of 400 vehicles the government of Kuwait had given them in thanks for their political support during the 1991 Gulf War. The Rashaida had immigrated from Saudi Arabia only in the late 19th century and have extensive family ties with Kuwait.

In March 2005, the Free Lions agreed to an alliance with the larger Beja Congress under the Eastern Front umbrella. Although the Eastern Front later was joined by the Justice and Equality Movement, the Free Lions never gained a wide base of support amongst their people, and relied on their skill as businessmen and smugglers—as well as Eritrean support—to fund their activities. In the end, their ties to Kuwaiti parliamentarians played a large role in mediating the October 2006 peace agreement between the Eastern Front and the Sudanese government.

References

External links
"Sudan: Saving Peace in the East", International Crisis Group, 5 January 2006, pp. 17–18

History of Sudan
Politics of Sudan
Rebel groups in Sudan

Rashaida Free Lions


V. Manuel Rocha (born 1950) is an American diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Bolivia.

Background
Rocha was born in 1950. He graduated from Taft School in 1969, where he was captain of the soccer team, and graduated  from Yale University cum laude in 1973. He received a master's degree in public administration from Harvard University in 1976 and a Master of Arts in international relations from Georgetown University in 1978.

Rocha began his career in November 1981, serving as a desk officer for Honduras with the United States Department of State. In January 1983, he was appointed as a Political Officer for the U.S. Embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He went on to serve as a Watch Officer in the Operations Center of the Department of State and as a Consul for Political and Economic Affairs for the U.S. Consulate General in Florence, Italy. In March 1987, he was appointed Politico-Military officer for the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Rocha also has served as Deputy Principal Officer of the U.S. Interests Section in Havana, Cuba, as well as the Director for Inter-American Affairs at the National Security Council in Washington, D.C. From November 1991 until June 1994, Rocha was the Deputy Chief of Mission for the U.S. Embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Prior to that, he was Deputy Political Counselor for the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. After October 1997, he served as Chargé d'affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. From July to October 1997, he was the Deputy Chief of Mission at the Embassy.

Ambassadorship to Bolivia
Manuel Rocha was sworn in as United States Ambassador to Bolivia on July 14, 2000 and presented his credentials to the President of Bolivia on August 4, 2000. He made a remark about Washington cutting off aid to the country over support for coca growers movement in the country, which has been credited with giving Evo Morales a surge of support in the presidential election in 2002.

Rocha ended his term on August 7, 2002.

Career after leaving the Foreign Service
Rocha is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. He serves on the University of Miami's International Advisory Board. He has also been a member of Henry Kissinger's International Council on Terrorism and has served on the advisory board of the Cuba Transition Project of the University of Miami. He is a special advisor to the U.S. military commander of SOUTHCOM. He was Director of Government Relations for Arcos Dorados Holdings, the company that owns and manages most of the McDonald's restaurants in Latin America. He is currently Senior Advisor on International Business for American law firm Foley & Lardner LLP, with his office in Miami, and president of Barrick Gold Corp. Pueblo Viejo, in the Dominican Republic.

References

 This article was based on the public domain US State Department biography at https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/1927.htm

1950 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Bolivia
Taft School alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Yale University alumni
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American diplomats
21st-century American diplomats

Manuel Rocha


The 29erXX is a high performance sailing skiff, it was designed to allow light crews, particularly female crews, to sail twin trapeze boats and as a training boat for the more powerful 49er. The class gained International Sailing Federation Class status in May 2011, but lost it in 2014.

History
The 29erXX was designed by Julian Bethwaite with help from Jen Glass. The 29erXX is a high-powered rig for the existing 29er hull, indeed the new rig is extremely similar to the 29er's big brother - the 49er. This new rig is 0.45m longer than the standard 29er mast, and features carbon construction, double trapeze wires and three sets of shrouds. A masthead kite adds considerable speed downwind while the responsive 29er platform requires the sailors to move with precision through manoeuvres. Carbon tubes extend out the back of each rail to allow the crew to keep their weight further aft and the bow out of the water. Although initially many thought that the hull would be too small for its rig, extensive training on San Francisco Bay has disproved that notion. The lack of an adjustable rudder or other extra controls make the 29erXX a simple design, yet it is extremely sensitive to sailors' movements. 29erXX sailors must be incredibly athletic and coordinated as the skiff provides a continuous challenge to even the most advanced sailors.

The first international regatta was held in Weymouth, UK, in the summer of 2006. The event brought together 27 men's, women's and mixed teams from 8 countries providing
valuable input to help make this a mature, well designed boat.

Downwind the 29erXX has a considerable advantage over the original 29er due to the increased sail size, masthead kite and the ability to have both crew members on the wire. Upwind the difference is less noticeable but again the 29erXX has the advantage.

In April 2007, at the Women's High Performance Dinghy Evaluation Event in Hyères, France, ISAF conducted extensive trials of the 29erXX as a possible choice for a women's high performance dinghy class at the 2016 Olympics

Events

World Champions

References

External links
UK 29er Class Association

Dinghies
Former classes of World Sailing
2000s sailboat type designs

29erXX


Thomas Ligon (born September 10, 1940) is an actor of Cajun ancestry. He appeared in the films Paint Your Wagon, Jump,  and Bang the Drum Slowly (in which he also sang the title song) as well as the television series The Young and the Restless, and Oz.

Life and career
Mentored by folksinger and actor Gordon Heath in Paris, beginning in the mid 1950s, Ligon then attended St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.), where he suffered a broken leg while playing football, and, sans sports, his interests turned solidly toward theater. At Yale, where he was a member of Skull and Bones and graduated as an English major (1962), he was discovered by Tennessee Williams, who saw his performance as Kilroy in Williams' play, Camino Real at the Yale Dramatic Association. Ligon became one of the most sought after young actors in New York in the 1960s.

Ligon has appeared on many prominent regional stages in the U.S., notably the Arena Stage where he played the title role in Billy Budd and in Hard Travelin'  by Millard Lampell in 1964, and Actors Theatre of Louisville, where he played Hank Czerniak, the polka king, in Evelyn and the Polka King.

Tom Ligon and Katharine Dunfee Clarke (K.C. Ligon - 1948-2009) were married on New Year's Eve in 1976.  K.C. was born into a theatrical family (her mother was actress and dialect coach Nora Dunfee and her father was veteran Broadway and noir film actor, David Clarke).  She made her Broadway debut in Under Milk Wood at the age of eight, and subsequently appeared with her parents in the National Tour of The Visit with Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne. K.C. taught speech at Circle in the Square Theatre School and was a dialect coach on Broadway and did extensive private coaching of prominent performers for theater and film.  A writer and leader of the modern Oxfordian movement, K.C. was deeply involved in the effort to establish Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford as Shakespeare.

Tom Ligon created the role of Orson in the prize-winning Off-Broadway musical Your Own Thing (1968), and starred on Broadway opposite Geraldine Page in Angela, by Sumner Arthur Long, and with Sandy Duncan in John Patrick's Love is a Time of Day.  This work on stage led to appearing in two films, Paint Your Wagon and Bang the Drum Slowly.  Concerning Ligon's third film, Jump (1971): Quentin Tarantino called it "this amazing film that no one's ever seen – I've only seen it once and I'd love to see it again – this really good Seventies backtrack exploitation movie... It's hilarious and very satirical. I remember really liking that."

Ligon played the Tiger in Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo in its original iteration, directed by Giovanna Sardelli at the Lark Play Development Center in New York City. Other noteworthy appearances on the New York stage include Geniuses, BAFO (Best and Final Offer), Den of Thieves, The Golf Ball, Tartuffe: Born Again, A Backer's Audition, Another Paradise, and Have I Got A Girl for You.

At the age of 60, Ligon appeared in a critically acclaimed New York production of Our Town, directed by Jack Cummings III, where he played George Gibbs, with an actress of the same age playing Emily Webb. Also, for Transport Group, he subsequently played in Requiem For William, All the Way Home, and The Audience, all directed by Jack Cummings III.

In August 2013, when Ligon was age 72, The New York Times reported that he sent an intruder tumbling to the pavement below with a fist to the forehead and a ninja shout after the man had entered his Greenwich Village apartment through a window. Responding to later news that it was a "career burglar" he had chased away, and who was now in jail, Ligon told The Times: "Well, I guess he's not having much of a 'career' right now. It's like acting – you've got your ups and downs."

Ligon served many years as SAG-AFTRA's Chair, National Seniors Committee.
He has also served as a member of the Board of Directors, New York Screen Actors Guild (2005–07).

Filmography

Film
 Nothing But a Man (1964) - Teenager #1
 Paint Your Wagon (1969) - Horton Fenty
 Jump (1971) - Chester Jump
 The Last American Hero (1973) - Lamar
 Bang the Drum Slowly (1973) - Piney Woods
 Joyride (1977) - Sanders
 Young Doctors in Love (1982) - Soap Cameos
 Cutting Class (1989) - Mr. Ingalls
 I Believe in America (2007) - Oliver
 Serial (2007) - Chief Joseph Spataford
 Lost Revolution (2007) - Oliver
 Front Cover (2015) - Gus LaMar

Television
 Hawk (1966)
 The 39th Witness (TV film) (1968)
 The Jackie Gleason Show  "Operation Protest" (1970)
 A World Apart (original cast, 1969-1971)
 Medical Center (1971)
 The Execution of Private Slovik (TV film) (1974)
 F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (TV film (1975)
 The Black Box Murders (TV film) (1975)
 Judge Horton and the Scottsboro Boys (TV film) (1976)
 The Adams Chronicles (1976)
 Baretta (1977)
 Rosetti and Ryan (1977)
 Charlie's Angels (1977)
 Police Woman (1977)
 Starsky and Hutch (1977)
 The Young and the Restless (1978-1982)
 Baa Baa Black Sheep (1978)
 Loving (original cast, 1983-1984)
 The Demon Murder Case (TV film) (1983)
 Santa Barbara (1987)
 Dallas (1987)
 The American Experience – "Simple Justice" (TV Film) (1993)
 All My Children (1994)
 Another World (1990, 1995)
 Oz (2001–2003)
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2001)
 Law & Order (1995–2003)
 Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2007)
 The Heart, She Holler (original cast, 2011–2013)

References

External links

1940 births
Living people
Male actors from New York City
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from New Orleans
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male Shakespearean actors
American male stage actors
Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship
Yale University alumni
American expatriates in France
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni

Tom Ligon


A search algorithm is a method for finding a target value within a list. It checks each element of the list for the target value until a match is found or until all the elements have been searched.

Linear search is rarely practical because other search algorithms and schemes, such as the binary search algorithm and hash tables, allow significantly faster searching for all but short lists.

Searching and sorting algorithms

Search algorithm


Whip It is a 2009 American comedy-drama movie. It is about a girl in Texas who joins a roller derby team. Elliot Page plays her. Drew Barrymore directed and acts in this movie.

The movie received positive reviews. It did poorly at the box office.

2009 comedy-drama movies
2000s coming-of-age movies
2000s sports comedy movies
2000s sports drama movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s teen drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American coming-of-age movies
American sports comedy movies
American sports drama movies
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Texas
Teen sports movies

Whip It