is a fighting video game developed and published by Capcom for the PlayStation 2. A spin-off of the Onimusha series. Similarly to Super Smash Bros., Blade Warriors is a 2D fighter game featuring many of the characters of the Onimusha franchise.

Players may use standard sword fighting with combos, blocks, block-breaking kicks, jump, switch planes (the different levels of the fighting area), use various items, and disarm their opponents. It also includes the original aspects of the Onimusha series, including the absorption of souls and special elemental attacks (lightning, fire, and wind). The story takes place months after the events in Onimusha 2 and before the events in Onimusha 3.

Characters

Onimusha characters
 Samanosuke Akechi - A protagonist samurai from Onimusha: Warlords. A warrior who wields the Oni Gauntlet. He disappeared mysteriously after defeating Fortinbras at Gifu Castle. Once again he has set out to defeat the demons with his Oni power.
 Kaede - A female ninja from Onimusha: Warlords. Fought the demons with Samanosuke and searched for his whereabouts after the battle at Gifu Castle. Kaede will throw herself into the heat of battle no matter what the risk to life and limb.
 Keijiro Maeda - Yumemaru from Onimusha: Warlords ten years later, also known as Maeda Keiji. Famous eccentric swordsman. His gaudy dress conceals a warm heart. Rumored to have originally come from China, he wields a giant Nagamaki in battle.
 Grunt - This nameless warrior wanders battlegrounds in hopes of an opportunity to raise his stature. Lucky for him he rarely has a break from war, or he would realize how bleak his future is.
 Jubei Yagyu - A protagonist samurai from Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny. Oni blood flows through the veins of this mighty swordsman. He defeated the Demon Lord Nobunaga in the name of justice. He settled down at home until hearing that demons were on the move.
 Oyu of Odani - A swordswoman from Onimusha 2. Nobunaga's younger sister. She fights alongside Jubei to defeat her monstrous brother. After many fierce battles, she has returned to her home castle to find some tranquillity.
 Kotaro Fuma - A ninja from Onimusha 2. Young leader of the Fuma ninja gang who serve the Houjyou family. Fought with Jubei against Nobunaga, and uses his masterful reconnaissance techniques to provide Jubei with Intelligence.
 Ekei Ankokuji - A warrior monk from Onimusha 2. Spear master of the Hozoin School. This monk with a taste for wine and women is still a top-class fighter with a sharp mind. He has served the Mouri family since the battle with the demons.
 Magoichi Saiga - A gun trooper from Onimusha 2. The head gunner the Kishu-Saiga gun team. Although he is trying to protect his homeland he hates Ekei.
 Gargant - An unknown warrior of the Genma. He's seen in Onimusha 3: Demon Siege and Onimusha: Dawn of Dreams. He first swore his allegiance to the nefarious Demon Lord-Fortinbras. After the demise of Fortinbras, he had yielded his position as the righthand man under the new Genma Lord, Oda Nobunaga.
 Marcellus - A demon boss from Onimusha: Warlords. He was once an Oni Warrior that converted into a Genma through Guildenstern's experimentation. This engineered demon, created from materials fetched from the Cave of Treachery, is Guildenstern's pride and joy. He wields a weapon resembling the Oni Gauntlet on his right arm.
 Gogandantess - Self-proclaimed "The greatest swordsman of all demons" in Onimusha 2
 Jujudormah - A demon boss from Onimusha 2, self-proclaimed 'most beautiful' concubine of Genma Lord Oda Nobunaga. A combination of cunning mind and ferocious nature makes Jujudormah as one of the most feared demons. Confident of her looks, she has an interest in the Demon Lord Nobunaga.
 Zombie Warrior - A demon grunt from Onimusha: Warlords. The first of Guildenstern's engineered demons. This zombie makes up for his lack of intelligence with a powerful instinct to seek out and destroy life.
 Three Eyes - A demon ninja from Onimusha: Warlords. This engineered demon was modeled after a ninja. Highly athletic, his agility far exceeds normal human levels. He can be spotted by his three eerily glowing eyes.
 Nobunaga Oda - The Demon Lord who appeared in Onimusha: Warlords, Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny and Onimusha 3: Demon Siege. He wants to rule over the entire world with his Genma Army.

Hidden characters
MegaMan.EXE - The first unlockable character by beating story mode once. It is Mega Man from the Mega Man Battle Network series.
Zero - Originally from the Mega Man X series, he is displayed in his Mega Man Zero incarnation.
Kojiro Sasaki - The archrival of Miyamoto Musashi, killed by him on Ganryujima Island.
Musashi Miyamoto - The best-known swordmaster.
Juju-Ran - A younger and more attractive version of Jujudormah. She has her magical parasol but wields a blade instead of her umbrella.
Jaido - The reptilian demons fought in Onimusha 2. They can be unlocked by leveling up the Zombie character.
Musaid/Giramusaid - Can be unlocked by leveling up Three Eyes. Both of them have 2 glowing red eyes instead of 3 glowing green ones.

Music
The game's music was written primarily by Shinichiro Sato, with additional compositions from Sega's Masaru Setsumaru, Hideki Abe, Yutaka Minobe, Hideaki Kobayashi, Junko Shiratsu, and Tomonori Sawada.

Notes

References

2003 video games
Onimusha
Platform fighters
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Fighting games
Video games about samurai
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in feudal Japan

Onimusha Blade Warriors


A toll-free telephone number is a telephone number in which the person who owns that telephone number is charged for calls that come to them, rather than the person making the call to that number being charged. These numbers usually begin with "1-800" in North America (800 being the area code under the North American Numbering Plan), but are different around the rest of the world.

They are not to be confused with "collect calls", which are made when the person making the call does not want to have to pay their telephone company to make it. In this case, the person receiving the call has to agree to be charged for that call, while those owning toll-free numbers already agree to being charged for incoming calls.

References
Telephone numbers

Toll-free telephone number


Cornelis Martinus Anthinius Maria Doorakkers (born 2 March 1963 in Gilze, Netherlands) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.

Cees Doorakker was the 250cc Dutch champion in 1984 and 1986. In 1986 he also reached the championship in the 500cc class.
Doorakkers raced in the Grand Prix road race world championship between 1984 and 1995. Being a privateer without factory supported machines, he scored only a few points, his best result being a seventh place at the Yugoslavian Grand Prix in Rijeka in 1990. That season he reached a total of 39 points, 16th in the final ranking.

In 1991 he finished the season ranked as the top privateer, ranking 14th overall (40 points). Later years were plagued by lack of money, inferior equipment and bad luck, like the jamming of his new engine in the first race of the season in Australia.

In 1995 Doorakkers decided to retire from Grand Prix motorcycle racing. In 1996 Doorakkers drove 125cc go karts (with transmission) for the Dutch championship and ended up 5th. Later on he began motorcycle racing again with titles in the BOTT-class and Supermono; at the same time he raced in the Alfa Challenge with Alfa Romeo 156 and 147.

Career statistics

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

Achievements
 5th and 6th in the 24 Hours of Le Mans (motorcycle race)
 2 times beste privateer World Championship GP road race (1991: 14th; 1990: 16th)
 2 times Dutch champion 250cc
 Dutch champion 500cc
 5 times Dutch champion

1963 births
Living people
Dutch motorcycle racers
People from Gilze en Rijen
Sportspeople from North Brabant
20th-century Dutch people

Cees Doorakkers


A skyrmion is an quantum entity in atomic physics that can occur in some materials like solids and Bose–Einstein condensates. They are made up from a persistent vortex that is a quantum superposition of baryons and resonance states. These vortices behave like particles but are not. They are called quasiparticles and have mass just like a real particle.

They were first though of mathematically by the British scientist  Tony Skyrme in 1962 and named after him in 1982. In 2009 physicists from the Technical University of Munich were able to create and see skyrmions for the first time in a very cold magnetic solid.

Skyrmions are important in  the emerging solid state technology of spintronics where they promise data storage at much higher densities than ever before.

References

Physics

Skyrmion


Washington–Willow Historic District is a residential neighborhood of Fayetteville, Arkansas containing over one hundred historically and architecturally significant homes. Styles range from those popular in the mid-19th century through present day, predominantly Victorian, Italianate, neoclassical, and craftsman bungalows. Historically, Fayetteville leaders in business, law and education have all called the district home. The homes sit at the foot of East Mountain within the Masonic Addition, the first addition platted following incorporation.

Encompassing roughly , the district is bounded by College Avenue (U.S. Route 71B) on the west, Mission Boulevard on the east, Rebecca Street to the north, and Spring Street to the south. The primary streets within the district are the namesake Washington Avenue and Willow Avenue, crossing Davidson Street, Maple Street, Lafayette Street, and Dickson Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and its boundaries were increased in 1995.

Structures
Although 105 structures were listed as "primary structures" on the initial 1980 submission, nineteen structures were listed to have special significance.

Headquarters House

Headquarters House, located at 118 East Dickson Street, is a historic house within the Washington–Willow Historic District in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The most historically significant structure in the city, it was built in 1853 and used as a base of operations for both the Union and Confederate States of America at different periods during the American Civil War. The house was the point of contention during the Battle of Fayetteville, which took place at the nearby intersection of College Avenue and Dickson Street. Headquarters House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, prior to the designation of the Washington–Willow Historic District.

During the siege on April 18, 1863, the Union-occupied structure sustained damage from a Confederate cannonball striking the front door. The Union ultimately repelled the attack and was able to maintain control of northwest Arkansas.

A one-story weatherboard structure with fluted columns surrounding a central portico, the Headquarters House has significant elements of the Greek Revival style. The corners of the building possess decorative pilasters with transom and small sidelights adjacent to the doorway. The building was donated to the Washington County Historical Society as a museum in 1967, a function it has maintained ever since.

Significant structures

Homes adding to the character of the district

See also

 National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Arkansas
 Mount Nord Historic District
 Wilson Park Historic District

References

National Register of Historic Places in Fayetteville, Arkansas
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses in Fayetteville, Arkansas

Washington–Willow Historic District


The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in the erstwhile Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the fertile Krishna river delta and the estuary region where the river meets the Bay of Bengal.

The inscriptions date to between the 3rd and 1st centuries BCE, putting them among the earliest evidence of Brahmi writing in South India.

Bhattiprolu differs from Ashokan Brahmi in two significant ways. First, the letters gh, j, m, l, s are "radically different": m is upside-down compared to Brahmi, while gh appears to derive from g rather than from Semitic heth.  Secondly, the inherent vowel has been discarded: A consonant written without diacritics represents the consonant alone. This is unique to Bhattiprolu and Tamil Brahmi among the early Indian scripts.

Discovery
Excavations that started in the year 1870 by Boswell, Sir Walter Elliot, Robert Sewell, Alexander Rea, Buhler and continued in 1969 by R. Subrahmanyam revealed a complex of Buddhist stupas (an area of 1700 square yards, drum diameter of 148 feet, dome diameter of 132 feet, height of 40 feet and a circumambulatory path of 8 feet). Bricks of 45 x 30 x 8 cm dimensions were used for the construction.

Alexander Rea discovered three inscribed stone relic caskets containing crystal caskets, relics of Buddha and jewels in 1892.

The most significant discovery is the crystal relic casket of sārira-dhātu of the Buddha from the central mass of the stupas. The Mahachaitya (great stupa) remains of a large pillared hall, a large group of ruined votive stupas with several images of Buddha, a stone receptacle containing copper vessel, which in turn, contained two more, a silver casket and within it, a gold casket enclosing beads of bone and crystal were found.

The script
The script was written on the urn containing Buddha's relics. Linguists surmise that the Mauryan Brahmi evolved in the 3rd century BCE and travelled soon after to Bhattiprolu. Twenty three symbols were identified in Bhattiprolu script. The symbols for 'ga' and 'sa' are similar to Mauryan Brahmi.

There are a total of nine inscriptions, all dated to the 2nd century BCE or possibly earlier (a tenth inscription is in a script much closer to standard Brahmi), written in Prakrit.

The Bhattiprolu inscription also shows systemic but not paleographic similarity to Tamil Brahmi. According to Richard Salomon, the Bhattiprolu script was originally invented to write a Dravidian language but was reapplied to inscribe in an Indo-Aryan Prakrit. Hence both the Bhattiprolu and Tamil Brahmi share common modifications to represent Dravidian languages. Bhattiprolu script is also considered the Rosetta Stone of Tamil Brahmi decipherment.

Derived scripts
Historians surmise that this script gave rise to the Kadamba script, which later became Telugu-Kannada script, and split off into Telugu script and Kannada script.

See also
Tamil Brahmi
Kadamba script
Gupta script
Telugu-Kannada script
Kalinga script
Goykanadi

Notes

References

Brahmic scripts
Linguistic history of India

Bhattiprolu script


Charles Henry "Kippy" Brown (born March 6, 1955) is an American football former coach and former player who most recently was the wide receivers coach for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He was a college-level starting quarterback for Memphis and coached in various capacities at both the college and professional levels of American football. He retired in May 2015.

Playing career
Kippy Brown began his football career at Sweetwater High School in Sweetwater, Tennessee, under long-time Sweetwater coach King Berrong (1925–2013). He led Sweetwater to the 1971 and 1972 state championships, and helped the team lead the state in scoring in 1972 and 1973.

Following his high school career, Brown attended Memphis State University (now known as University of Memphis) where he was quarterback for the Tigers from 1975 to 1977. Notably, Brown's Tigers upset seventh-ranked Auburn University 31–20 in 1975. Brown engineered this victory by completing 7 of 11 passes for 103 yards and two touchdowns, including a 37-yard strike to Keith Wright in the fourth quarter that put the game out of reach.

Coaching career

1978–1999
After graduating from MSU in 1977 with a B.A. in Communications, Brown switched gears from playing to coaching at his alma mater and served as running backs coach in 1978 under head coach Richard Williamson and receivers coach from 1979 to 1980.

After coaching two years with the Tigers, he moved to Louisville, Kentucky to coach receivers at the University of Louisville (U of L) Cardinals  for the 1982 campaign. One of his pupils was Mark Clayton, who would go on to become a five-time Pro Bowl receiver for the Miami Dolphins from 1983 to 1992.

Following the 1982 season at U of L, Brown returned to his roots in the state of Tennessee helping coach the Johnny Majors-run University of Tennessee Volunteers football team. During his first stint with the Vols from 1983 to 1989, Brown helped Tennessee acquire the nickname "Wide Receiver U.," coaching numerous pass catchers to greatness. Receivers Lenny Taylor, Clyde Duncan, Tim McGee, Joey Clinkscales, Anthony Miller, Alvin Harper, Anthony Morgan, and Carl Pickens all benefited from Brown's tutelage prior to their joining the professional ranks.

Brown caught the attention of the New York Jets while with Tennessee and coached for the Jets from 1990 to 1992. While with the Jets in 1991, he coached running backs for New York head coach Bruce Coslet and saw his backs rank fifth in the NFL in rushing. That 1991 squad also returned to the playoffs for the first time since 1986.

Brown later returned to Tennessee when the Vols' new head coach Phillip Fulmer convinced him to return to the collegiate ranks as assistant head coach and wide receivers coach for two seasons (1993–1994). He brought an offensive flair from the professional ranks to the UT offensive package as the Vols compiled an 18–6 record and outscored their opponents 847–383 over the course of those two years. Receivers he worked with during this period included Cory Fleming, Billy Williams, Joey Kent, and Marcus Nash. A young Peyton Manning also benefited from Brown's guidance during his freshman campaign as the Vols' signal caller.

Following a highly successful 1994 Tennessee season, Brown was again called to the pro ranks, joining Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1995. Then-Tampa Bay head coach Sam Wyche named Brown running backs coach stating, "Getting Kippy is a major coup for us."  While in Tampa, he also worked closely with former Bucs head coach and former head coach of the Indianapolis Colts, Tony Dungy.

From 1996 to 1999, he was on Jimmy Johnson's Miami Dolphins coaching staff, where he was the offensive coordinator from 1998 to 1999 and the running backs coach from 1996 to 1997. In 1996, Brown helped running back Karim Abdul-Jabbar become the first Dolphins running back to reach 1,000 yards in 18 years, and in 1997, Abdul-Jabbar tied a league-high 15 rushing touchdowns.

2000–2015
In 2000, Brown joined the Green Bay Packers as running backs coach under head coach Mike Sherman.  Following the creation of the XFL in 2001, Brown took command of his hometown Memphis Maniax finishing the year 5–5; second in the Western Division and was the only team to defeat eventual XFL champions Los Angeles Xtreme twice.  The team disbanded after one year as the XFL league collapsed.

After the demise of the XFL, Brown spent four seasons as the Houston Texans wide receivers coach. Among his pupils in Texas was WR Andre Johnson, who was taken by Houston with the third overall pick in the 2003 draft. Johnson became the first Texans offensive player to earn a trip to the Pro Bowl, selected for his outstanding 2004 season that included club records of 79 receptions for 1,129 yards.

Brown arrived in Detroit, Michigan for the 2006 season with the Detroit Lions.  There, he reunited with Larry Beightol, with whom Brown worked on the New York Jets in 1990–92, Miami in 1996–98 and Green Bay Packers in 2000. For the 2008 Season, Brown served as Assistant Head Coach/Passing Game Coordinator.

On December 17, 2009, Brown accepted an offer from University of Tennessee head coach Lane Kiffin to coach wide receivers and also become their "Passing Game Coordinator".  This appointment was brief, however, as within a few weeks Kiffin resigned to become head coach at Southern Cal.  Brown was named the Vols' interim head coach, and expressed interest in becoming head coach permanently, but the university hired Derek Dooley. On January 16, 2010, after not being named Kiffin's successor, he left to join Pete Carroll's staff as Wide Receivers Coach of the Seattle Seahawks. He won his first Super Bowl title when the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. Brown retired in March 2015.

In June 2014, Brown's hometown of Sweetwater named the road circling Sweetwater High School "Kippy Brown Way."

Head coaching record

XFL

Family life
Brown and his wife, Deon (Wilson), were married in Memphis in 1974. Deon is a native Memphian who taught locally at Craigmont High School from 1978 to 1981. The couple has two grown children, Jerome, born April 8, 1975, and Jennifer, born July 28, 1980.

Jerome earned a basketball scholarship at the University of Tennessee under former Vol head coach Wade Houston, and competed on the Buy.com golf tour. Jennifer studied at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia.

Brown is the older brother of former Atlanta Falcons running backs coach Gerald Brown.

Footnotes

External links
Detroit Lions

1955 births
Living people
Detroit Lions coaches
Green Bay Packers coaches
Houston Texans coaches
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
Tennessee Volunteers football coaches
Memphis Tigers football players
Miami Dolphins coaches
New York Jets coaches
People from Sweetwater, Tennessee
Seattle Seahawks coaches
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Memphis Maniax coaches
Players of American football from Tennessee
Coaches of American football from Tennessee

Kippy Brown


Olga Rypakova Alekseyeva; 30 November 1984) is a former Kazakhstani track and field athlete. Originally a heptathlete, she switched to focus on the long jump and began to compete in the triple jump after 2007. Her first successes came in the combined events at Asian competitions – she won the women's pentathlon at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games and took the heptathlon gold at the 2006 Asian Games the following year.

She competed in both jumping events at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and finished fourth in the triple jump with an Asian record of 15.11 metres. Rypakova has represented Kazakhstan at the 2007 and 2009 World Championships in Athletics. She reached the world podium for the first time at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships, where she took gold with an Asian indoor record jump of 15.14 m. She won the gold medal in triple jump at the 2012 London Olympics.

In February 2023, Rypakova announced the end of her professional sports career.

Career

Early career
Born in Ust-Kamenogorsk, she entered her first world junior competition at the age of sixteen and finished eleventh in the long jump qualifying round of the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics. She was more successful in the heptathlon: she finished fourth at the 2001 World Youth Championships in Athletics and went on to take the silver at the following year's World Junior Championships behind the emerging Carolina Klüft. Rypakova also became Kazakhstan's national heptathlon champion that year. She persisted with combined events and started competing on the international circuit, finishing fifth with a season's best at the Multistars competition in 2003, and she became the national indoor champion in the women's pentathlon in 2004.

Rypakova's first major championships appearances came in 2005: in September she took part in the long jump at the 2005 Asian Athletics Championships in Incheon, finishing in fourth place. Two months later she won her first gold, topping the podium in the indoor pentathlon at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games. Continuing in the pentathlon, she went on to win the gold at the 2006 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships setting an Asian and championships record of 4582 points for the event. Reaching the indoor world stage for the first time, she attended the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships but she did not improve further and took seventh place with 4368 points.

She represented Asia for the first time at the 2006 IAAF World Cup team competition, although she managed only 6.21 m in the long jump competition, finishing in eighth. She made improvements, however, in the weeks following the World Cup by jumping 6.63 m (a new personal best) for second place at the Colorful Daegu Athletics Meeting. She pushed herself beyond the normal seven events at the 2006 Asian Games by winning the heptathlon gold medal with 5955 points, and then participating in the individual long jump competition. She won the long jump bronze medal a day after topping the podium in the heptathlon competition.

Major championship gold

A quick succession of major competitions defined her 2007 season. She began by scoring two golds in the horizontal jumps at the 2007 Asian Athletics Championships in July, which included a championship record and national record of 14.69 m in the triple jump. In August at the 2007 Summer Universiade, she brought her country its first ever athletics gold medal at the competition with a personal best of 6.85 m in the long jump.

Three weeks later, she took part in her first ever World Championships in Athletics: she opted to contest the triple jump and she finished fourth in the qualifying. However, she could not match that performance in the final round and finished in eleventh overall. She intended to close the year with an appearance at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games but she withdrew from the competition.

Her 2008 season began with further indoor success: she won her second gold and set her second championship record at the 2008 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships, this time in the triple jump with a mark of 14.23 m. The 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships followed shortly and she came close to the podium in the triple jump competition but while her jump of 14.58 m was enough to set an indoor Asian record, it was not enough to push Marija Šestak out of the bronze medal position. Similar bitter-sweet results awaited her at the 2008 Summer Olympics, her first time representing Kazakhstan at the Summer Olympics. She entered both the horizontal jump competitions and recorded a new Asian record of 15.11 m in the Olympic triple jump contest. In spite of this, she remained some ten centimetres behind the bronze medallist Hrysopiyi Devetzi of Greece. Her Olympics came to a close after a modest set of jumps in the qualifiers of the long jump competition left her out of the final.

She took part in her second outdoor world championships the following year, but she could not match her previous form at finished in tenth place overall in the 2009 women's triple jump competition with a best mark of 13.91 m. Despite this lacklustre performance on the world stage, she remained dominant in continental competition and won both the long jump and triple jump gold medals at the 2009 Asian Indoor Games (setting two Games records and helping Kazakhstan top the athletics medal table in the process). Competing at her final championships of that year, she retained her triple jump title at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships, beating Xu Tingting and Irina Litvinenko with a jump of 14.53 m.

8 November 2012 Kazakhstan London Olympic champion Olga Rypakova got the Olympic Council of Asia award  as the best Asian athlete, along with Zulfiya Chinshanlo and Ilya Ilyin.

World indoor champion
She became the long and triple jump national indoor champion at the beginning of 2010, and she opted to compete in the triple jump at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She completed a series of personal best jumps in the final, battling against the defending champion Yargelis Savigne for the gold medal. Having sealed first place with a fourth round jump of 14.93 m and being relieved of the competitive pressure, her final jump saw her reach a new level: she jumped 15.14 m – a result that placed her as the third longest jumper indoors after former world champions Ashia Hansen and Tatyana Lebedeva.

Achievements

Personal bests
Her personal best long jump is 6.85 metres, achieved at the 2007 Universiade in Bangkok. In the triple jump she has a best of 15.25 metres, achieved at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup in Split; this is the Asian record for the event. She also holds the current Asian indoor record in the triple jump with a mark of 15.14 m, achieved at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships. Her best of 4582 points in the indoor pentathlon is also an Asian indoor record. She has a heptathlon best of 6113 points, set in Almaty in 2006.

All information taken from IAAF profile.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Oskemen
Kazakhstani heptathletes
Kazakhstani female long jumpers
Kazakhstani female triple jumpers
Olympic athletes for Kazakhstan
Olympic gold medalists for Kazakhstan
Olympic silver medalists for Kazakhstan
Olympic bronze medalists for Kazakhstan
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for Kazakhstan
Asian Games silver medalists for Kazakhstan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Kazakhstan
Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Kazakhstan
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2007 Summer Universiade
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Kazakhstani people of Russian descent
Sportspeople from East Kazakhstan Region
Diamond League winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
IAAF Continental Cup winners
Asian Athletics Championships winners

Olga Rypakova


Edward S. Walker Jr. (born June 13, 1940) is a former U.S. Ambassador to Israel, Egypt, and the UAE and is a Middle East specialist.

Early life
Walker was born in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. He earned his B.A. at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, in 1963 and his M.A. from Boston University in 1965. While in college, he became a member of the Hamilton chapter of Chi Psi, a chapter which claims four U.S. Ambassadors as alumni (including Ambassador Walker). In 1985, he attended the Royal College of Defense Studies in London. In 1962, Walker enlisted in the U.S. Army and served 3 years in Heidelberg, Germany.

Ambassador Edward S. Walker Jr. is an Adjunct Scholar at the Middle East Institute's public policy center. Ambassador Walker served as MEI's President and CEO for over five years, from 2001 until August 2006.

Walker's diplomatic career:
 Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs (2000–2001)
 United States Ambassador to Israel (1997–1999)
 United States Ambassador to Egypt (1994–1997)
 Deputy Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations with Ambassadorial Rank (1993–1994)
 United States Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates (1989–1992). Through the period of the Gulf War.
 Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
 Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (1988-).
 Executive Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State (1982–1984)
 Special Assistant to the President's Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Negotiations (1979–1981)
 Entered the Foreign Service in 1967.

In the course of his career, Walker worked with every Israeli Prime Minister since Golda Meir, with Presidents Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, with Presidents Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad of Syria, with King Fahd and Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, and with Kings Hussein and Abdullah of Jordon, among others. During his time as Ambassador to Israel, Walker worked closely with Prime Minister Netanyahu in preparation for and during the Wye negotiations. He started the negotiations with Libya which led to Libya's decision to abandon its weapons of mass destruction programs and pay almost 3 billion US dollars in compensation to the families of Pan Am Flight 103 as well as UTA Flight 772. In Egypt he worked with Vice President Al Gore and President Hosni Mubarak on a major initiative to reform the Egyptian economy. Walker also worked with US and Egyptian intelligence officials to counter the terrorist threat facing that country.

Walker previously worked with Colin Powell in the new Bush Administration as assistant secretary of state for Near-Eastern affairs, a position he had previously held under Madeleine Albright during the second Clinton administration. During that time he helped initiate and negotiate U.S. policy toward Iraq and engaged in recalibrating U.S. policies toward Iran and the Middle East peace process.

Currently, Edward S. Walker Jr. holds the Christian A. Johnson Distinguished Professorship in Global Political Theory at Hamilton College. He formerly served as the Linowitz Professor of Middle East Studies in 2003 and 2005. During the Fall 2008, he is teaching "Global Challenges" and "Terrorism, Islam and Counter-terrorism".  In the spring 2009, he will teach "Democracy, Religion and International Cooperation" and "International Decision-Making."

Sources
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission by Country, 1778-2005

References

External links
 Clinton Names Edward S. Walker as Assistant Secretary of State, October 28, 1999
 Edward Walker's profile
 Edward Walker's articles
 U.S. State Department Archives (People)

1940 births
Living people
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Arab Emirates
Ambassadors of the United States to Egypt
Assistant Secretaries of State for the Near East and North Africa
United States Foreign Service personnel
Boston University alumni
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American expatriates in Germany
American expatriates in Saudi Arabia

Edward S. Walker Jr.


The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.

It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.

References

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovak government-in-exile


Ray Edward Cochran ( ; October 3, 1938 – April 17, 1960) was an American rock and roll musician. Cochran's songs, such as "Twenty Flight Rock", "Summertime Blues", "C'mon Everybody" and "Somethin' Else", captured teenage frustration and desire in the mid-1950s and early 1960s. He experimented with multitrack recording, distortion techniques, and overdubbing even on his earliest singles. Cochran played the guitar, piano, bass, and drums. His image as a sharply dressed and attractive young man with a rebellious attitude epitomized the stance of the 1950s rocker, and in death he achieved iconic status.

Cochran was involved with music from an early age, playing in the school band and teaching himself to play blues guitar. In 1954, Cochran formed a duo with the guitarist Hank Cochran (no relation). When they split the following year, Eddie began a songwriting career with Jerry Capehart. His first success came when he performed the song "Twenty Flight Rock" in the film The Girl Can't Help It, starring Jayne Mansfield. Soon afterward, he signed a recording contract with Liberty Records and his first record for the label, "Sittin' in the Balcony", rose to number 18 on the Billboard charts.

Cochran died at the age of 21 in St Martin's Hospital, Bath, Somerset, after a road accident in Chippenham, Wiltshire, at the end of his British tour with Gene Vincent on 16 April 1960. After they had just performed at the Bristol Hippodrome, on their way to their next venue, Vincent, Cochran and the songwriter Sharon Sheeley were involved in a high-speed traffic accident in a private-hire taxi. The other two passengers survived with major injuries, but Cochran, who had been thrown from the vehicle, suffered serious brain injuries and died the next day. While they were preparing to board their taxi, Vincent and Cochran rebuffed musician Tony Sheridan's request to ride along with them, resulting in Sheridan's avoiding involvement in the accident. Sheridan later became influential in the musical training of many British groups playing in Hamburg, many of whom would be instrumental in the British Invasion.

Though Cochran's best-known songs were released during his lifetime, more of his songs were released posthumously. In 1987, Cochran was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. His songs have been recorded by a wide variety of recording artists. Paul McCartney himself chose Cochran's "Twenty Flight Rock" as his audition piece, assured to impress John Lennon by his performance of it, which he did and was hired as a member of Lennon's skiffle group The Quarrymen, which later was renamed The Beatles.

Early life
Cochran was born on October 3, 1938, in Albert Lea, Minnesota, to Alice and Frank R. Cochran. He was of Scottish descent. His parents were from Oklahoma. Cochran took music lessons in school but quit the band to play drums. Also, rather than taking piano lessons, he began learning guitar, playing country and other music he heard on the radio.

Career
Cochran's family moved to Bell Gardens, California, in 1952. As his guitar playing improved, Cochran formed a band with two friends from his junior high school. Cochran dropped out of Bell Gardens High School in his first year to become a professional musician. During a show featuring many performers at an American Legion hall, Cochran met Hank Cochran, a songwriter. Although they were not related, they recorded as the Cochran Brothers and began performing together. They recorded a few singles for Ekko Records that were fairly successful and helped to establish them as a performing act. Eddie Cochran also worked as a session musician and began writing songs, making a demo with Jerry Capehart, his future manager.

In July 1956, Eddie Cochran's first "solo artist" single was released by Crest Records. It featured "Skinny Jim", now regarded as a rock-and-roll and rockabilly classic. In the spring of 1956, Boris Petroff asked Cochran if he would appear in the musical comedy film The Girl Can't Help It. Cochran agreed and performed the song "Twenty Flight Rock" in the movie. In 1957, Cochran starred in his second film, Untamed Youth, and had yet another hit, "Sittin' in the Balcony", one of the few songs he recorded that was written by other songwriters (in this case John D. Loudermilk). "Twenty Flight Rock" was written by AMI staff writer Ned Fairchild (a pen name—her real name is Nelda Fairchild). Fairchild, who was not a rock and roll performer, merely provided the initial form of the song; the co-writing credit reflects Cochran's major changes and contributions to the final product.

In the Summer of 1957 Liberty Records issued Cochran's only studio album released during his lifetime, Singin' to My Baby. The album included "Sittin' in the Balcony". There were only a few rockers on this album, and Liberty seemed to want to move Cochran away from Rock and Roll.

In 1958, Cochran seemed to find his stride in the famous teenage anthem "Summertime Blues" (co-written with Jerry Capehart). With this song, Cochran was established as one of the most important influences on rock and roll in the 1950s, both lyrically and musically. The song, released by Liberty recording no. 55144, charted at number 8 in 1958. Cochran's brief career included a few more hits, such as "C'mon, Everybody", "Somethin' Else", "Teenage Heaven", "Three Steps to Heaven", which posthumously topped the charts in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom in 1960. He remained popular in the United States and United Kingdom through the late 1950s and early 1960s, and more of his records were posthumous hits, such as "My Way", "Weekend", and "Nervous Breakdown".

Another aspect of Cochran's short but brilliant career is his work as backup musician and producer. In 1959, Cochran played lead for Skeets McDonald at Columbia's studios for "You Oughta See Grandma Rock" and "Heart Breaking Mama". In a session for Gene Vincent in March 1958, he contributed his trademark bass voice, as heard on "Summertime Blues". The recordings were issued on the album A Gene Vincent Record Date.

In early 1959, two of Cochran's friends, Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens, along with the Big Bopper, were killed in a plane crash while on tour. Cochran's friends and family later said that he was badly shaken by their deaths, and he developed a morbid premonition that he also would die young. Shortly after their deaths, Cochran recorded a song (written by disc jockey Tommy Dee) in tribute to them, "Three Stars". He was anxious to give up life on the road and spend his time in the studio making music, thereby reducing the chance of suffering a similar fatal accident while touring. Financial responsibilities, however, required that Cochran continue to perform live, and that led to his acceptance of an offer to tour the United Kingdom in 1960.

Death

Cochran was on tour in the United Kingdom from January through April 1960. He and his friend and fellow performing artist, Gene Vincent, had just finished performing at the last of their scheduled concerts at the Bristol Hippodrome on April 16, a Saturday night. They were traveling along the Bath Road in a taxi (a cream-coloured 1960 model Ford Consul Mark II saloon) from Bristol towards London. In addition to Cochran and Vincent, the other passengers in the vehicle were Sharon Sheeley (a 20-year-old songwriter and Cochran's girlfriend), Patrick Tompkins (the tour manager, 29 years old), and George Martin (the 19-year-old taxi driver). At about 11:50 p.m. that night, Martin lost control of the vehicle, which crashed into a concrete lamppost at Rowden Hill in Chippenham. At the moment of impact, Cochran (who was seated in the center of the back seat) threw himself over Sheeley to shield her. The force of the collision caused the left rear passenger door to open, and Cochran was ejected from the vehicle, sustaining a massive traumatic brain injury from blunt force trauma to the skull. The road was dry and the weather was good, but the vehicle was later determined to be travelling at an excessive speed. No other vehicle was involved in the incident.

The occupants of the vehicle were all taken to Chippenham Community Hospital and later transferred to St Martin's Hospital in Bath. Cochran never regained consciousness, and died at 4:10 p.m. the following day – Easter Sunday. Sheeley suffered injuries to her back and thigh, Vincent suffered a fractured collarbone and severe injuries to his legs, and Tompkins sustained facial injuries and a possible fracture of the base of the skull. Martin did not sustain significant injuries.

Vincent and Sheeley returned to the United States after the accident. Cochran's body was flown home, and after a funeral service was buried on April 25, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Cypress, California. Martin was convicted of dangerous driving, fined £50 (and in default of payment six months' imprisonment), and disqualified from driving for 15 years. His driving disqualification was lifted on May 7, 1968, after the judge at Bristol Assizes determined that Martin "had suffered considerable financial hardship". The car and other items from the crash were impounded at the local police station until a coroner's inquest could be held. David Harman, a police cadet at the station, who would later become known as Dave Dee of the band Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich, is said to have played on Cochran's Gretsch 6120 guitar while it was held at the station.

There is a plaque marking the site of the car crash on Rowden Hill. There is also a memorial stone on the grounds of St Martin's Hospital in Bath, commemorating Cochran's death. The stone was restored in 2010 on the 50th anniversary of his death and can be found in the old chapel grounds at the hospital. A memorial plaque was also placed next to the sundial at the back of the old chapel. The Eddie Cochran Memorial Project spearheaded a fundraising campaign in 2018 to restore the plaque and install a brand new "Three Steps to Heaven" base at the Chippenham crash site.

Posthumous releases and honors
A posthumous album, My Way, was released in 1964. Cochran was a prolific performer, and the British label Rockstar Records has released more of his music posthumously than was released during his life. The company is still looking for unpublished songs. One of his posthumous releases was "Three Stars", a tribute to J.P. Richardson, better known as the Big Bopper, and Cochran's friends Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens, who had all died in a plane crash just one year earlier. Written just hours after the tragedy by disc jockey Tommy Dee, it was recorded by Cochran two days later (Dee recorded his own version several weeks later). His voice broke during the spoken lyrics about Valens and Holly.

In 1987, Cochran was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. His pioneering contribution to the genre of rockabilly has also been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Several of his songs have been re-released since his death, such as "C'mon Everybody", which was a number 14 hit in 1988 in the UK. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 84 on its 2003 list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. Cochran's life is chronicled in several publications, including Don't Forget Me: The Eddie Cochran Story, by Julie Mundy and Darrel Higham (), and Three Steps to Heaven, by Bobby Cochran (). The Very Best of Eddie Cochran was released by EMI Records on June 2, 2008. On September 27, 2010, the mayor of Bell Gardens, California, declared October 3, 2010, to be "Eddie Cochran Day" to celebrate the famous musician who began his career when living in that city.

In 1963, pop star Heinz Burt and producer Joe Meek paid tribute to Cochran with the song "Just Like Eddie" which became a top five chart hit.

In 2022, Cochran's hometown of Albert Lea, Minnesota renamed James Street to Eddie Cochran Street in his honor.

Style and influence
Cochran was one of the first rock-and-roll artists to write his own songs and overdub tracks. He is also credited with being one of the first to use an unwound third string to "bend" notes up a whole tone—an innovation (imparted to UK guitarist Joe Brown, who secured much session work as a result) that has since become an essential part of the standard rock guitar vocabulary. Artists such as Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, the Rolling Stones, Bruce Springsteen, UFO, Van Halen, Tom Petty, Rod Stewart, T. Rex, Cliff Richard, the Who, Stray Cats, the Beach Boys, the Beatles, Blue Cheer, Led Zeppelin, the White Stripes, the Sex Pistols, Sid Vicious, Rush, Simple Minds, George Thorogood, Guitar Wolf, Paul McCartney, Alan Jackson, Terry Manning, the Move, David Bowie, Jimi Hendrix, Johnny Hallyday and U2 have covered his songs.

It was because Paul McCartney knew the chords and words to "Twenty Flight Rock" that he became a member of the Beatles. John Lennon was so impressed that he invited McCartney to play with his band, the Quarrymen. Jimi Hendrix performed "Summertime Blues" early in his career, and Pete Townshend of the Who was heavily influenced by Cochran's guitar style ("Summertime Blues" was a staple of live performances by the Who for most of their career, until the death of bassist and vocalist John Entwistle in 2002, and is featured on their album Live at Leeds). San Francisco Sound band Blue Cheer's version of "Summertime Blues" was their only hit and signature song, and has been described as the first heavy metal song. Terry Manning recorded a live version of "Somethin' Else" at a concert inside Elvis Presley's first house in Memphis.

The glam rock artist Marc Bolan had his main Gibson Les Paul guitar refinished in a transparent orange to resemble the Gretsch 6120 played by Cochran, who was his music hero. He was also an influence on the guitar player Brian Setzer, of Stray Cats, who plays a 6120 almost like that of Cochran, whom he portrayed in the film La Bamba.

Filmography

Discography

References

Bibliography

 Mundy, Julie; Higham, Darrel (2000). Don't Forget Me: The Eddie Cochran Story. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. .
 Sheeley, Sharon (2010). Summertime Blues. Ravenhawk Books. .

External links

1938 births
1960 deaths
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American singer-songwriters
Accidental deaths in England
American country rock singers
American country singer-songwriters
American male guitarists
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American rockabilly guitarists
Burials in Orange County, California
Cash Records artists
Crest Records artists
Ekko Records artists
Guitarists from Minnesota
Liberty Records artists
People from Albert Lea, Minnesota
People from Bell Gardens, California
Road incident deaths in England
Rock and roll musicians
Singer-songwriters from California
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota

Eddie Cochran


Philosophy of mind is one part of philosophy that works with the mind. It is about thinking how the mind works, and how it relates to the world. It also deals with consciousness, which is also researched in psychology and physics.

Mind-body problem
The mind-body problem is the main problem that is talked about in philosophy of mind. It is the problem of how our minds and our bodies are related, and what exactly the mind is. Many different answers have been come up with to solve the mind-body problem. Most of them fall into the two groups of dualism and monism.

Dualism as an answer to the mind-body problem

Dualism is the belief that minds and bodies are separate things. One of the main dualist views comes from René Descartes and is named Cartesian dualism, or substance dualism. Descartes thought that minds and bodies were two completely different substances (like matter) in the world. He argued that consciousness was different from the brain.

One reason to believe dualism is that when you ask most people what the mind is, they would say it is their personality or their soul. They would almost certainly deny that the mind simply is the brain, or vice versa, finding the idea that there is just one ontological thing at play to be too machine-like. Mental events have a subjective quality, whereas physical events do not. So, for example, one can ask what a blue sky looks like, or what nice music sounds like to a person. But it is odd, to ask what an increase in chemicals in your brain feels like. These subjective aspects of mental events are called "qualia" by philosophers.

But if it is true that the mind can exist without the brain, dualists must explain how a non-physical mind can affect physical reality. This remains a problem for dualism.

Monism as an answer to the mind-body problem
Monism is the opposite of dualism because it is the belief that minds and bodies are not separate things. Many monist views are called materialism because they think that minds are not anything different from matter just like bodies. In the early 20th century, a popular answer was behaviorism. Behaviorism says that a person's inner mental life is unpredictable. Only behaviors we can see are useful for scientists and philosophers. This view became unpopular in the second half of the century, during the "cognitive revolution", which saw psychology, linguistics, computer science, anthropology, neuroscience, and philosophy combine together to find ways to study the mind scientifically.

After behaviorism failed, materialist philosophers invented type physicalism. These philosophers thought that, if mental states are something material, but not behavioral, then mental states are probably identical to a brain states. In very simplified terms: For example, the mental state "desire for a cup of coffee" is actually just the "firing of certain neurons in certain brain regions". However, other philosophers saw that type physicalism could not explain an idea called multiple realizability. Multiple realizability means that a mental state can be created by different brain states. For example, a dog has a different brain and nervous system for a person. However, both can experience the mental state of "pain". This view led to a different kind of monism called functionalism, and compared the mind to a computer. Many functionalists think the mind is like software, and the brain is hardware.

One problem with functionalism is the Chinese room thought experiment by John Searle. Searle tells a story of a man that only speaks English locked inside a room. Inside the room are Chinese symbols and a rule book in English on moving the symbols around. Other people outside communicate with him in Chinese writing. The man can reply in perfect Chinese by following the rules, but does that mean the man knows any Chinese? Searle does not think so, and this means that thinking must happen at a higher level than following rules like a computer.

Panpsychism as an answer to the mind-body problem
Panpsychism is the belief that mental aspects are basic and everywhere in the world. This could mean conscious experience, or thought, is everywhere. It has a long history in both Western and Eastern philosophy. It is becoming popular again in recent times. Panpsychism is a "middle way" between dualism and monism. A panpsychist might say that humans have a very rich experience, horses less, mice even less, and plants even less. They would say that experiences reduce down to the most basic levels of reality, perhaps electrons are quarks. In this way, there could be a small amount of consciousness in the universe that can combine into the kind of experience humans have. Philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell endorsed this view of Russellian or neutral monism. Like dualism and monism, there are many other types of panpsychism, each with their own strengths and weaknesses.

One problem with all types of panpsychism is the "combination problem": how does this small amount of consciousness combine to form a "big" conscious subject? Most philosophers at the moment do not think there is a good answer to the combination problem. Panpsychism has only recently been taken seriously in philosophy and neuroscience, so an explanation of the combination problem may be decades or hundreds of years away.

Mysterianism
Mysterianism is an idea that there are no answers to the mind-body problem. There are many different types of mysterianism. The strongest types say that there will never be an answer because our mind has limits. A weaker type of mysterianism might say that we will not be able to answer the mind-body problem until we have more scientific knowledge, or even a paradigm shift. A paradigm shift means that the basic ideas in our science and the way we explain the world all must change.

References

Related pages
Epistemology
Theory of mind
Thought

Branches of philosophy

Philosophy of mind


The Moshassuck River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows  from the town of Lincoln to the city of Providence. There are six dams along the river's length.

History

In 1636 Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, settled on the east bank of the river and was told its name by the local Narragansett Indians. The name "Moshassuck" means "river where moose watered".

The river became very important during the Industrial Revolution, powering numerous mills and also connecting to the Blackstone River to function as the lower section of the Blackstone Canal. The southern end of the Moshassuck River was the center for the area's earliest mills in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries and the location of base-metal works and textile factories in the nineteenth century. Today it contains several industrial buildings, such as the Fletcher Building, now used for retail and office space. Further north on the Moshassuck are the few remaining early-and-late nineteenth-century buildings of the Allen Printworks, a textile-printing operation. In Pawtucket along the river are the remaining structures of the Hope Webbing Company and the Lorraine Mills.

By the mid nineteenth century, the pollution in the Moshassuck River had become so bad from factories dumping both industrial and human waste into the water that Rhode Island's cholera outbreaks of 1849 and 1854 were blamed on the state of the river. The first cleanup attempt on the river was started in 1897 by building sewers.

During the twentieth century, the river steadily lost its functions as an industrial and transportation artery. When Interstate 95 was constructed during the 1960s, a  section of the river was paved over, leaving the river underneath the road in a narrow concrete channel. The loss of industry along the river over the years has also done much to improve the quality of the water in the river; however, as of 2005, it still has the second highest fecal coliform level (2,206 units per 100 mL) of all the monitored rivers in Rhode Island.

Course

The Moshassuck's source is an unnamed pond within the Lime Rock Preserve in Lincoln, Rhode Island, north and west of the intersection of Wilbur Road and Route 146. It flows southeastward through Lincoln and Pawtucket toward Providence, entering the city just east of Interstate 95. It then proceeds southward to converge with the Woonasquatucket River at Steeple Street in Providence, south of Waterplace Park, to form the Providence River.

Crossings
Below is a list of all crossings over the Moshassuck River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.

Lincoln
Louisquisset Pike (RI 246)
Rhode Island State Route 146
Wilbur Road (same crossing as RI 146)
Sherman Avenue
Breakneck Hill Road (RI 123)
Great Road (RI 123) (Twice)
Manchester Print Works Road
Smithfield Avenue (RI 126)
Walker Street
Conduit Street
Higginson Avenue
Pawtucket
Weeden Street
Mineral Spring Avenue (RI 15)
Grotto Avenue
Interstate 95
Grenville Street
Providence
Smithfield Avenue (RI 126)
Cemetery Road
Interstate 95 (River underneath the road)
Branch Avenue (As river surfaces from underneath I-95)
Ramp from Branch Avenue eastbound to I-95 Northbound
Ramp from I-95 northbound to Branch Avenue
Industrial Drive
Randall Street
Stevens Street
Charles Street (RI 246)
Smith Street (U.S. 1/44)
Park Row
Steeple Street (U.S. 44 Eastbound)

Tributaries
The West River is the Moshassuck River's only named tributary, however it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.

See also
List of rivers in Rhode Island

References

External links
Our Rivers from the Narragansett Bay Commission.
Water Use and Availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River Basins, North-Central Rhode Island, by Mark T. Nimiroski and Emily C. Wild, United States Geological Survey.

Rivers of Providence County, Rhode Island
Geography of Providence, Rhode Island
Rivers of Rhode Island
Tributaries of Providence River

Moshassuck River


Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov (, ;  – , Warsaw) was a Russian General of the Artillery from the Gorchakov family, who commanded the Russian forces in the latter stages of the Crimean War and later served as a Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland from 1856 until his death.

Life and career
Mikhail and his brother Pyotr Gorchakov were the children of a notable writer Prince Dmitri Petrovich Gorchakov and his wife Natalie Boborykina. Mikhail entered the Russian army in 1807 as a cadet of the Leub Guard Artillery battalion. In 1809 in the rank of lieutenant he took part in the campaigns against Persia.

During the Napoleonic Wars he distinguished himself at Borodino (received the Order of St. Vladimir of 4th degree) and at Bautzen (received the Order of St. Anna of 2nd degree, the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite and the rank of staff-captain). His career quickly developed and in 1824 he was a Major General. Gorchakov demonstrated bravery during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, on 29 May 1829 he was one of the first to swim across the Danube. He was present at the sieges of Silistria and Shumna.

After being appointed, on 6 December 1829 a general officer, after 7 February 1831 Gorchakov replaced wounded General Ivan Sukhozanet as the head of the artillery of the Acting Army. Later he was present in the campaign in Poland, and was wounded at the Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, on February 25, 1831. He also distinguished himself at the Battle of Ostrołęka and at the taking of Warsaw.

During the next years he served under Field Marshal Paskevich as the head of the Staff of the Acting Army. For these services he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general and numerous supreme Russian and foreign awards.

In 1846 he was nominated military governor of Warsaw. In 1849 he commanded the Russian artillery in the war against the Hungarians, and in 1852 he visited London as a representative of the Russian army at the funeral of the duke of Wellington. At this time he was chief of the staff of the Russian army and adjutant general to the tsar.

Upon Russia declaring war against Turkey in 1853, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops which occupied Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1854 he crossed the Danube and besieged Silistra, but was superseded in April by Prince Ivan Paskevich, who, however, resigned on June 8, when Gorchakov resumed the command. In July the siege of Silistra was aborted due to Austrian diplomatic pressure, and the Russian armies recrossed the Danube; in August they withdrew to Russia.

In 1855 Gorchakov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian forces in the Crimea in place of the disgraced Prince Menshikov. Gorchakov's defence of Sevastopol, and final retreat to the northern part of the town, which he continued to defend till peace was signed in Paris, were conducted with skill and energy. The Battle of the Great Redan against British forces was a notable local victory. In 1856 he was appointed namestnik of Kingdom of Poland in succession to Prince Paskevich. He died at Warsaw on May 30, 1861, and was buried, in accordance with his own wish, at Sevastopol.

References

1792 births
1861 deaths
Mikhail Dmitrievich
Imperial Russian Army generals
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Russian people of the November Uprising
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Russian military personnel of the Crimean War
Russian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Namestniks of the Kingdom of Poland

Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov


Robert Herbert  (born March 7, 1945) is an American journalist and former op-ed columnist for The New York Times. His column was syndicated to other newspapers around the country. Herbert frequently writes on poverty, the Iraq War, racism and American political apathy towards racism. He is now a fellow at Demos and was elected to serve on the Common Cause National Governing Board in 2015.

Early life and education
Herbert was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised primarily in Montclair, New Jersey, where his parents owned a number of upholstery shops. He was drafted during the buildup to the Vietnam War, but was ultimately sent to Korea. Always having had an interest in politics and writing, Herbert decided shortly after the war to go into journalism. Herbert received a Bachelor of Science, Journalism from the State University of New York (Empire State College) in 1988.

Career
Herbert's journalistic career began with The Star-Ledger in New Jersey in 1970. Herbert went on to work as a reporter and editor at the New York Daily News from 1976 until 1985, when he became a political columnist and editor, and began attracting attention for his editorial work. This led to a position on WCBS-TV in New York, as a founding panelist of Sunday Edition in 1990, as well as becoming host of Hotline, a weekly issues program on New York public television. He later served as a national correspondent on NBC from 1991 to 1993, with regular appearances on The Today Show and NBC Nightly News.

Herbert's journalistic awards include the Meyer Berger Award for coverage of New York City and the American Society of Newspaper Editors award for distinguished newspaper writing. He also chaired the Pulitzer Prize jury for spot news reporting in 1993. Herbert is author of Promises Betrayed: Waking Up From The American Dream, published by Henry Holt & Company in 2005.

Herbert left The New York Times on March 25, 2011, with his last column titled, "Losing Our Way." In June 2011, Herbert joined the national think-tank Demos as a Distinguished Senior Fellow. At the time his fellowship was announced, it was also revealed that he will write for the Demos blog PolicyShop as well as The American Prospect magazine, which merged with Demos in 2010.

In 2014 Herbert published his book Losing Our Way:  An Intimate Portrait of a Troubled America.

Herbert directed the documentary film, Against All Odds: The Fight for a Black Middle Class (2017) which explores issues of the Black middle class, structural racism, and discrimination through historical footage and interviews with people such as Isabel Wilkerson, Maya Rockeymoore, Elijah Cummings, Alvin Poussaint, Angela Glover Blackwell, and Marc Morial.

In pop culture
Herbert is mentioned in the Seinfeld episode "The Big Salad" when character George Costanza's girlfriend Julie is discussing her favorite writers, and says "And Bob Herbert's great. He's the Daily News," to which Costanza compares Herbert's name pronunciation with Atlanta Falcons quarterback Bobby Hebert.

References

External links

 "Meet Bob Herbert", The New York Times biographical video interview
 Bob Herbert's New York Times Columnist Page
 Interview at Democracy Now
 1995 Interview with The Progressive, at FindArticles

 C-SPAN Q&A interview with Herbert, May 29, 2005

1945 births
Living people
African-American journalists
African-American television personalities
African-American writers
American columnists
Television personalities from New York City
Empire State College alumni
The New York Times columnists
Journalists from Brooklyn
Writers from Montclair, New Jersey
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

Bob Herbert


Victory Garden is a work of electronic literature by American author Stuart Moulthrop. It was written in StorySpace and published by Eastgate Systems in 1992. It is often discussed along with Michael Joyce's afternoon, a story as an important work of hypertext fiction.

Plot and structure

Victory Garden is a hypertext novel which is set during the Gulf War, in 1991. The story centres on Emily Runbird and the lives and interactions of the people connected with her life. Although Emily is a central figure to the story and networked lives of the characters, there is no one character who could be classed as the protagonist. Each character in Victory Garden lends their own sense of perspective to the story and all characters are linked through a series of bridges and connections.

There is no set "end" to the story. Rather there are multiple nodes that provide a sense of closure for the reader. In one such "ending", Emily appears to die. However, in another "ending", she comes home safe from the war. How the story plays out depends on the choices the reader makes during their navigation of the text. The passage of time is uncertain as the reader can find nodes that focus on the present, flashbacks or even dreams and the nodes are frequently presented in a non-linear fashion. The choices the reader makes can lead them to focus on individual characters, meaning that while there are a series of characters in the story the characters focused on can change with each reading, or a particular place.

Upon entering the work the reader is presented with a series of choices as to how to navigate the story. The reader may enter the text through a variety of means: the map of the 'garden', the lists of paths, or by the composition of a sentence. Each of these paths guides the reader though fragmented pieces of the story (in the form of node) and by reading and rereading many different paths the reader receives different perspectives of the different characters.

Characters

Emily:
 Emily has been through law school and she has an older brother [firm]
 Emily is in the Gulf War
 Emily is with Boris but may have had something with the Victor? [Dear Victor]
 Emily has been with Boris for 3 years, losing love for him? [No genius]
 Emily's surname is Runbird [a true story]
 Emily is reading "Blood and Guts in High Schools" which Boris sent her [blood & guts in S.A.]
 Flashes back to a morning with Boris, hints towards an event earlier on in their relationship, Boris has facial hair, Emily it undecided on whether she likes it or not [Facial hair]
 Same morning, a little later on, Emily doesn't approve of the facial hair, thinks of it as false advertising [face it]
 Back to current time, Emily is writing to Boris, Thea is depressed, Veronica needs to pay the car insurance. Boris is expected to have bought a new bed [Dear you]
 Lucy is Emily's Mother
 She also has a younger sister by the name of Veronica
 Emily is a fit agile woman

Thea Agnew:
 She is a professor at a University in the town of Tara.
 Emily and her sister Veronica are her pupils.
 She has a teenaged son named Leroy who has recently left school to take his own "On the Road" tour of the United States.
 Central to the plot of Victory Garden is Thea's role as head of a Curriculum Revision Committee looking at the subject of Western Civilization as well her discovery with a group of friends that a popular local creek has been sold to a company intending to build a golf course nearby.
 One of the pivotal scenes in Victory Garden occurs at Thea's house. During a party an appearance from Uqbari the Prophet leads to a gun being fired off in her back yard which results in the intervention of police and the accidental beating of Harley.

There are many reoccurring characters in Victory Garden. This includes Harley, Boris Urquhart, Veronica, Leroy, and others.

Politics

According to David Ciccoricco, "Although some early critics were quick to see Victory Garden as rooted in a leftist political ideology, Moulthrop's narrative is not unequivocally leftist. Its political orientation in a sense mirrors its material structure, for neither sits on a stable axis. In fact, Moulthrop is more interested in questioning how a palette of information technologies contributes to—or, for those who adopt the strong reading, determines—the formation of political ideologies. In addition to popular forms of information dissemination, this palette would include hypertext technology, which reflexively questions its own role in disseminating information as the narrative of Victory Garden progresses.

Citing Sven Birkerts' observation that attitudes toward information technologies do not map neatly onto the familiar liberal/conservative axis, Moulthrop writes:

Newt Gingrich and Timothy Leary have both been advocates of the Internet... I am interested less in old ideological positions than in those now emerging, which may be defined more by attitudes toward information and interpretive authority than by traditional political concerns. (Moulthrop 1997, 674 n4)

The politics of Victory Garden, much like its plot, do not harbor foregone conclusions. In a 1994 interview, Moulthrop says it 'is a story about war and the futility of war, and about its nobility at the same time' (Dunn 1994)."

Critical reception
As a work of hypertext fiction, Victory Garden has been discussed and analyzed by many critics, including Robert Coover, Raine Koskimaa, James Phelan and E. Maloney, Robert Selig, David Ciccoricco, and Silvio Gaggi.

This work was analyzed in Astrid Ensslin's work, Pre-web Digital Publishing and the Lore of Electronic Literature.

References

External links
 Eastgate
Victory Garden
Victory Garden Sampler

Hypertext
1992 American novels
1990s electronic literature works
Hypertext fiction
Electronic literature

Victory Garden (novel)


Centrifugal casting in silversmithing is a casting technique where a small mould is poured, then spun on the end of an arm. The centrifugal force thus generated encourages a successful pour.

Processes

Centrifugal casting, or centrifuging, is used as a means of casting small, detailed parts or jewelry. An articulated arm is free to spin around a vertical axle, which is driven by an electric motor or a spring. The entire mechanism is enclosed in a tub or drum to contain hot metal should the mold break or an excess of metal be used. Single use molds are prepared using the lost wax method. A small amount of metal in a crucible (a sort of ceramic pan) next to the mold is heated with a torch. When the metal is molten the arm is released, forcing (by centrifugal force) the metal into the mold. The high forces imposed on the metal overcome the viscosity, resulting in a finely detailed workpiece. A similar advantage may be obtained by vacuum casting or pressure casting.

For casting of small parts using hot metal, a disk shaped mold is contained within a rotating drum, and molten metal is poured into the center.

Machinery
Many machines are available which can perform centrifugal casting, and they are relatively simple to construct. All that is required is an arm which rotates with an adequate amount of centrifugal force, a container on the end of said arm to hold both a mold and the material to be cast into the mold.

See also

References

Casting (manufacturing)
Jewellery making

Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)


The Church of the Resurrection is a historic Episcopal church and rectory in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York City.  It was originally built in 1874 as a frame, Gothic Revival style church.  It was extensively remodeled and enlarged in 1904 in the Late Gothic / Tudor Revival style. It has an exterior of random quarry-faced stone and a prominent bell tower with spire.  The church includes the Riis family memorial window, donated in 1905 by Elizabeth Riis, wife of Jacob Riis.  The adjacent Cummings Hall was built in 1923.  The rectory was built in 1888 and is a -story, frame dwelling with a hipped roof and gable dormers in the Queen Anne style.

The church is also notable for its association with Jacob Riis, a social reformer and pioneering photojournalist who was a Richmond Hill resident from 1885 to 1912 and a church member from 1900 to 1912. Theodore Roosevelt, a close friend and associate of Riis, visited the church to attend the marriage of Riis's daughter Clara to Dr. William Fiske on June 1, 1900. Roosevelt was Governor of New York at the time.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Gallery

References

External links

The Church of the Resurrection website

Churches in Queens, New York
Richmond Hill, Queens
Churches completed in 1904
20th-century Episcopal church buildings
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Queens, New York
Queen Anne architecture in New York City
Tudor Revival architecture in New York City
1904 establishments in New York City

Church of the Resurrection (Queens)


The Llantwit Major Roman Villa was a Roman L-shaped courtyard villa located at what is now Caermead, immediately north of the town of Llantwit Major in the Welsh county of South Glamorgan.

The villa was first discovered in 1887 and was fully excavated in 1938-39 and 1948. There was another excavation in 1971.

The site may have been occupied in the late Iron Age. The first stone structure was erected in the 2nd century. The site developed slowly and, it has been suggested, was even abandoned for a while during the 3rd century. By the 4th century, there was an L-shaped villa with fine mosaic floors, a large aisled building possibly for farm workers and a number of smaller agricultural structures almost enclosing a central courtyard.

Part of the site was used as a cemetery in the early medieval period. The excavations of 1971 uncovered two burials which had been dug through the tesselated pavement of rooms 8/9. Another contorted skeleton was recovered from the corridor.

No evidence has been found to support the suggestion that the villa was somehow associated with Saint Illtud who founded the church at Llantwit Major in the 6th century.

References

External links
Llantwit Major Roman villa on Roman Britain
Reconstruction of Llantwit Major Roman villa on Gathering the Jewels

Archaeological sites in the Vale of Glamorgan
Roman villas in Wales
2nd-century establishments in Roman Britain
4th-century disestablishments in Roman Britain
Llantwit Major

Llantwit Major Roman Villa


Tomas Lindberg (born 16 October 1972), also known as "Tompa" and "Goatspell", is a Swedish vocalist who has fronted many death metal bands, most notably At the Gates. He has been active as a musician and composer since the late 1980s. He also teaches social studies.

Lindberg was ranked number 30 out of 50 of The Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time by Roadrunner Records.

Career
He started as a vocalist in the band Grotesque under the name Goatspell. When Grotesque fell apart he started melodic death metal band At the Gates. At the Gates broke up after the 1995 release of the highly acclaimed Slaughter of the Soul album, but reformed in 2007. In 1995 Lindberg provided vocals for three tracks on Ceremonial Oath's "Carpet" while Anders Fridén (In Flames) provided vocals for the other four tracks.

Since then, Lindberg has been involved in many other diverse musical projects within the metal and punk scene.  He has fronted Hide, The Crown, Disfear, Skitsystem and the grindcore supergroup Lock Up, in which he performed alongside Napalm Death members Shane Embury (bass) and Jesse Pintado (guitar) and former Dimmu Borgir drummer, Nicholas Barker. He also did vocals for the Gothenburg-based Sacrilege GBG on their 1996 European tour due to the difficulty for drummer/vocalist Daniel Svensson (In Flames) to do both.

He is earning praise for his Gothenburg-based outfit, The Great Deceiver, far removed from his previous work – a product of the Gothenburg melodic death metal scene mixed with influences from artists such as The Cure and Joy Division.

Later on he worked with the band Nightrage, but shortly after their second album Descent into Chaos was released in 2005, Lindberg left the band so that a more full-time vocalist (Antony Hämäläinen) could accompany them on tours and studio albums. Lindberg occasionally provides guest vocals as seen on Darkest Hour's "The Sadist Nation", Transistor Transistor's "Young Vampires of New Hampshire" 7", and on Slowmotion Apocalypse's, "The Blessing" on the 2007 'Obsidian' album.

Decibel Magazine credits the logo of black metal band Darkthrone as the work of Lindberg.

Discography

 Grotesque – In the Embrace of Evil (1989)
 At the Gates – Gardens of Grief (1991)
 At the Gates – The Red in the Sky Is Ours (1992)
 At the Gates – With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness (1993)
 At the Gates – Terminal Spirit Disease (1994)
 At the Gates – Slaughter of the Soul (1995)
 At the Gates – At War with Reality (2014)
 At the Gates – To Drink from the Night Itself (2018)
 At the Gates – The Nightmare of Being (2021)
 Skitsystem – Profithysteri (1995)
 Skitsystem – Ondskans ansikte (1996)
 Skitsystem/Wolfpack split – Levande lik (1998)
 Skitsystem – Grå värld/Svarta tankar (1999)
 Guest vocals on Devil Gate Ride on The Crown – Deathrace King (2000)
 The Great Deceiver – Jet Black Art (2000)
 Skitsystem – Enkel tesa till rännstenen (2001)
 Skitsystem – Skitsystem/Nasum Split (2002)
 The Great Deceiver – A Venom Well Designed (2002)
 Lock Up – Hate Breeds Suffering (2002)
 The Crown – Crowned in Terror (2002)
 Disfear –  Misanthropic Generation (2003)
 Guest vocals on "Sadist Nation" from Darkest Hour – Hidden Hands of a Sadist Nation (2003)
 Guest vocals on "Dirty Colored Knife and Under the Spell" from Nail Within – self-titled (2003)
 The Great Deceiver – Terra Incognito (2003)
 Nightrage – Sweet Vengeance (2003)
 Guest vocals on "Cancer of the Mind" from Area 54 – Beckoning of the End (2003)
 Nightrage – Descent into Chaos (2005)
 Lock Up – Play Fast or Die: Live in Japan (2005)
 The Great Deceiver – Life Is Wasted on the Living (2007)
 Guest vocals on "The Blessing" from Slowmotion Apocalypse – Obsidian (2007)
 Disfear – Live the Storm (2008)
 Guest vocals on "White Knives" from Transistor Transistor – Young Vampires of New Hampshire 7" (2008)
 Guest vocals on "Ruling Class Cancelled" from Misery Index – Traitors (2008)
 Necronaut – Necronaut Vocals on Rise of the Sentinel (2010)
 Nightrage – Vengeance Descending (2010)
 Guest vocals on "The Mark of the Beast Part 2" from Salem (Israel band) – Playing God and Other Short Stories (2010)
 Lock Up – Necropolis Transparent (2011)
 Nightrage – Guest vocals on Insidious (2011)
 Converge – guest vocals on Converge / Napalm Death (2012)
 The Blood of Heroes – Guest vocals on "The Waking Nightmare" (2013)
 Guest vocal on Solitary Confinement from Decadawn (2014)
 Science Slam Sonic Explorers – guest vocals on Deep Time Predator (with Invertia) (2015)
 City Keys – Guest vocals on "Condemned", from the Evil Greed EP (2017)
 The Lurking Fear – "Out Of The Voiceless Grave" (2017)
 Orphaned Land – Guest vocals on Only the Dead Have Seen the End of War from Unsung Prophets & Dead Messiahs (2018)
 ColdTears – Guest vocals on Silence Them All (2018)

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20051016100708/http://www.soundbase-online.com/incoming/bilder/lindberg.jpg

Swedish heavy metal singers
Living people
1972 births
Musicians from Gothenburg
Lock Up (British band) members
At the Gates members
Nightrage members
21st-century Swedish singers
21st-century Swedish male singers
Liers in Wait members

Tomas Lindberg


Dr. John Armstrong (1709–1779) was a physician, poet, and satirist. He was born at Castleton Manse, the son of Robert Armstrong, minister of Castleton, Roxburghshire, Scotland John studied medicine and gained his MD at the renowned University of Edinburgh (being the first to graduate 'with distinction' in 1732) before establishing a successful medical practice in London.

John Armstrong is remembered as the friend of James Thomson, David Mallet, and other literary celebrities of the time, and as the author of a poem on The Art of Preserving Health, which appeared in 1744, and in which a somewhat unpromising subject for poetic treatment is gracefully and ingeniously handled. His other works, consisting of some poems and prose essays, and a drama, The Forced Marriage, are forgotten, with the exception of "The Oeconomy of Love" and the four stanzas at the end of the first part of Thomson's Castle of Indolence, describing the diseases incident to sloth, which he contributed. Under the pseudonym "Launcelot Temple, Esq", he published Sketches, or, Essays on Various Subjects in 1758.

The "Oeconomy Of Love" has been described as an eighteenth-century guide to sex and is particularly interesting in that the lines:

"To shed thy blossoms thro' the desert air,
And sow thy perish'd offspring in the winds" are thought to be a possible inspiration for the more famous lines by Thomas Gray contained in his "Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard" as follows:

"Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air."

However John Armstrong's use of floral metaphor in the "Oeconomy of Love" refers to the unnecessary shedding of semen whilst the author cautions young men against sexual practices that he condemns in his  role as poet and physician.

Strangely what must have been once the small town of Castleton, with a castle, church, manse, regular licensed markets and many homes has now totally disappeared. In the churchyard, however an obelisk stands to the memory of John Armstrong. It reads:

           "If yet thy shade delights to hover near
            The holy ground where oft thy sire hath taught,
            And where our fathers fondly flocked to hear
            Accept the offering which their sons have brought.

            Proud of the muse, which gave to classic fame
            Our vale and stream, to song before unknown;
            We raise this stone to bear thy deathless name,
            And tell the world that Armstrong was our own.

            To learning, worth, and genius such as thine,
           How vain the tribute monuments can pay!
           Thy name immortal with thy works shall shine,
           And live when frailer marble shall decay."

Of considerable note, also written on the same stone, in this deserted churchyard of a town or village of which nothing else remains,
lies the further inscription:

        "In Memory of George Armstrong,M.D.,1720-1789, Brother of John the Poet.
         Doctor George Armstrong is the Father of modern Paediatrics,
         and the Founder of the World's First Hospital for Sick Children.
         He died in London where he had given his life for the children of the poor"

References

The Border Magazine April 1926
Liddesdale:Historical and Descriptive, by John Byers, 1952
John McQueen and son, Galashiels

Further reading

External links

1709 births
1779 deaths
18th-century Scottish medical doctors
18th-century Scottish poets
18th-century Scottish writers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
British medical writers

John Armstrong (poet)


Great Food Live, formerly Good Food Live, was a British magazine programme hosted by Jeni Barnett and broadcast on UKTVFood part of the UKTV Network between 2001 and 2007. Jeni Barnett was joined every day by a chef co-host. The first co-hosts were Simon Rimmer, Paul Hollywood, Ed Baines and Paul Merrett, and later included Antony Worrall Thompson, Brian Turner, Sophie Grigson and Alan Coxon. Guest chefs demonstrated recipes, there were phone-ins, celebrity guests, and features on wine & spirits, new products and speciality foods. GFL was produced by independent production company, Prospect Pictures, its Editor was Elaine Bancroft, and Deputy Editor, Nikki Cooper.

The show was taken off the air on 6 April 2007 and a new show called Market Kitchen followed from 16 April 2007, featuring Tana Ramsay, Tom Parker Bowles, Rachel Allen, Matthew Fort and Matt Tebbutt.

External links
UKTVFood

Food reality television series
British cooking television shows

Great Food Live