The Tonawanda Kardex (also known as the Tonawanda Lumbermen and during its first season, the All-Tonawanda Lumberjacks) was an American football team active between 1916 and 1921. It played its games in Tonawanda, New York, a suburb of Buffalo with close ties to North Tonawanda, New York where American Kardex was founded. The team is most notable for its one game as a member of the American Professional Football Association (now the National Football League) in the 1921 season. They are easily the shortest-lived team in the league's history, and the shortest-lived known team in North American major league sports history.

Early history
Professional football was being played in Tonawanda by no later than 1913 (this terminus ad quem comes from records that show the team lost to the Lancaster Malleables in the region's showcase Thanksgiving game that year). They played their home games on the Tonawanda High School field, sometimes drawing up to 3,500 fans for a game. For the team's entire history, it was coached by Syracuse standout Walter "Tam" Rose. In 1917, it defeated the Rochester Jeffersons for the state championship. In 1919, it made the state playoffs but lost in the semifinals to the Buffalo Prospects, who went on to win the title.

The 1920 All Tonawanda Lumberjacks were a very successful team, garnering a record of 7–1 against two local American Professional Football Association (the predecessor to the NFL) franchises and other independent teams, only allowing more than 6 points in one of their contests (the one loss, a 35–0 decision to Buffalo). Their last game of the season against the Rochester Jeffersons was among the first games in the traditional Thanksgiving Day series.

Tonawanda in the APFA

With their 1920 success (and a crackdown by the APFA on playing non-league teams), the Lumberjacks joined the league in 1921 as the Tonawanda Lumbermen or Tonawanda Kardex, named for (and presumably sponsored by) James Rand Jr.'s American Kardex, a company that through mergers and acquisitions became part of Rand Kardex, Remington Rand, Sperry Rand, and eventually UniSys.

Before 1921, the team played its home games at Tonawanda High School; however, its lone game in the NFL was an away game, and according to contemporary news reports, the team had intended to play as a traveling team had it continued beyond one game. NFL records list the nonexistent and spurious "Lumbermen Stadium" as the team's home field.

The 1921 season began much like the first, with a scoreless tie against the Syracuse Pros, followed by a 9–7 win against the Cleveland Panthers. A game against the Rochester Scalpers scheduled for November was canceled; instead, on November 6, 1921, the Kardex traveled to Rochester to play their sole APFA league game, against the Rochester Jeffersons. There they played the worst game of their existence, a 45–0 blowout loss to the Jeffs in front of 2,700 fans.

Several factors played into the Lumbermen's departure from the league. Records from the Pro Football Researchers Association indicate that Tonawanda had trouble scheduling games due to a lack of willing opponents. The now-renamed NFL's franchise fee for 1922 also increased from $50 to $1,000, making it harder for Tonawanda to play a second season in the league. The team's declining on-field performance was also a factor (Rochester and Syracuse were two teams that Tonawanda had beaten handily as an independent in 1920 but performed far less well against as a league member in 1921).

Whether or not the team continued to exist is somewhat unclear. Records from 1925 show that the Buffalo Football Bisons played an exhibition game against a team from Tonawanda before the 1925 regular season, but it is not known if it is the same Tonawanda team as the APFA/NYPFL franchise.

The "Lumberjacks" name is currently in use by North Tonawanda High School.

Team roster
Due to incomplete record-keeping during this time, some players from the 1921 team are only reported upon by their last name.

Backnor, C; Fred Brumm, LT; Cassidy, QB; Joe Dussosoit, RE; Andy Fletcher, LHB; Art Georke, LE; Clarence Hosmer, LG; Rudy Kraft, LG-C; George Kuhrt, LT; Buck MacDonald, RG; Tom McLaughlin, RHB-FB; Bill Meisner, RHB; Frank Morrisey, RT; Frank Primeau, RE-QB; Tam Rose, LHB; Spin Roy, LE; Bill Sanborn, RE; Charles Tallman, RT; Red Werder, C; Wex, FB;Wise, QB

Season-by-season

References

External links

Historical Record for Tonawanda Kardex
Tonawanda Kardex an NFL enigma
Deconstructing NFL Uniforms
The Tonawanda What?
The Tonawanda Kardex
Tom educates
One and Done
NFL team survived to lose one game
Made in WNY
Did you know?
Old Team Tuesday: The Tonawanda Kardex
Meet the NFL team that lost its only game ever before folding
Unknown stories of WYN: Tonawanda's day in the NFL
The Fate of the Tonawanda Kardex
A story better than Hollywood or Tonawanda
The Tonawanda Kardex: The NFL's shortest-lived team
We're Lumberjacks and we're OK!
The One Losing Game for Tonawanda's 1921 NFL Team
There used to be an NFL football team in Tonawanda

American football teams established in 1916
American football teams disestablished in 1921
Defunct National Football League teams
Sports in Buffalo, New York
American football in Buffalo, New York
New York Pro Football League teams
Defunct American football teams in New York (state)
1916 establishments in New York (state)
1921 disestablishments in New York (state)

Tonawanda Kardex Lumbermen


Daniel Singer (26 September 1926 – 2 December 2000) was a Polish-American socialist writer and journalist. He was best known for his articles for The Nation in the United States and for The Economist in Britain, serving for decades as a European correspondent for each magazine.

Gore Vidal described Singer as "one of the best, and certainly the sanest, interpreters of things European for American readers", with a "Balzacian eye for human detail."  Mike Davis labelled Singer "the left's most brilliant arsonist", with a talent for "set[ting] ablaze whole forests of desiccated cliches".

Biography

Early life

Singer was born in 1926 in Warsaw, in his parents' home.  His father, Bernard Singer, was to become a well-known journalist,

but was impoverished at the time of Daniel's birth.  His mother, Esther Singer, was a teacher, and the child of wealthy Jewish parents. Esther, a Marxist, interested both Daniel and a young Isaac Deutscher in left-wing politics, and specifically the ideas of Marx and Rosa Luxemburg. As Daniel aged, his father became more financially successful, and the family was able to move out of the ghetto.  Esther quit her job, and Daniel attended a school where he was the only Jew in his class.

Education and escape from Holocaust
In 1939, when Nazi Germany invaded Poland, Daniel and his sister and mother were staying in southern France. They went to Paris in an attempt to book passage to Warsaw, but could not. Instead, after the occupation of Paris by the Germans, Daniel and his mother and sister left Paris. They went first to Anger, where Daniel went to the Lycée David d'Anger, then to Toulouse (Lyce Lakanal) and after to Marseille (Lycée Thiers). In the beginning of August 1942, the French police came to arrest them; his sister jumped through the window from the second floor, broke her leg and was sent to the hospital; Daniel was away in the countryside with some school friends and learned about his sister coming back home. With the help of the resistance, first Daniel and then his mother and sister escaped to Switzerland. Bernard Singer, meanwhile, was arrested by the Soviet Union, which had occupied eastern Poland under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Bernard was sent to the gulag for two years and released when the USSR entered the war before being allowed to leave for London.

During the middle of the Second World War, Daniel studied philosophy in Geneva. In 1944, he and the remainder of his family joined his father in London, where Daniel obtained his bachelor's degree in economics from the University of London.

Journalistic career and marriage

Singer began working for The Economist in 1948, with assistance from his old friend Isaac Deutscher, and for the New Statesman in 1949. His work focused on Poland, France, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union.  He remained on staff with The Economist for 19 years.  In this period, he also provided radio and television commentary for the BBC and the Canadian CBC.

In 1956, Singer married Jeanne Kérel, a French doctoral student in economics in the University of Paris; with a British Council scholarship she spent a year in London in 1952–1953 at the London School of Economics.  After their wedding they lived during two years separated. Daniel moved to Paris in May 1958 when he was sent as"The Economist correspondent moved to Paris,'.

Singer spent the rest of his life living in Paris, reporting first for The Economist, and then, after 1970, for The Nation, and became in 1980 the magazine's European correspondent. He wrote critically of Charles De Gaulle, François Mitterrand, and the French Communist Party, but was enthusiastic about the events of May 1968.

Death

Singer died in 2000 of lung cancer.  He requested that the announcement of his death be accompanied by a quotation from Rosa Luxemburg, still his political idol, shortly before her execution:
Your order is built on sand. Tomorrow, the revolution will raise its head again, Proclaiming to your horror amidst a blaze of trumpets, "I was, I am, I always shall be."

The Daniel Singer Millennium Prize Foundation was established in Singer's name after his death.  It offers an annual $2,500 prize for an essay in Singer's spirit.

Political views

Singer's writing was always deeply influenced by his interest in politics, and specifically the process of political change.  Throughout his adult life, Singer was a socialist, but a critic of the Soviet Union.  Influenced by anarchism, Trotskyism, and various newer dissident schools of Marxism, he was devoted ultimately to the political ideas of Marx and Luxemburg.

Singer opposed capitalism, saying that he "could not resign himself to the idea that with the technological genius at our disposal we are unable to build a different world."  He denied, however, that capitalism's doom is inevitable, writing "capitalism has within it the seeds of its own destruction, but only seeds... Capitalism will have to be pushed off the stage."  Singer believed that this push "will require a revolution."

While Singer was an opponent of Stalinism, and believed the French Communist Party in large part responsible for De Gaulle's success in taking power in 1958 and his failure to be overthrown in 1968, he had a nuanced view on the question.  He wrote that, "while the totalitarian nature of Stalin's Russia is undeniable, I find the thesis of "totalitarian twins" both wrong and unproductive, and recognised the deep working-class implantation of the CP.

Singer retained an optimism about the prospects for socialism, writing shortly before his death:
There is no certainty about the future. Humanity has the capability of destroying itself, and it may very well do so. The hope is with the younger generation. They will not be able to run away from the problems of the world the way our generation did and the next generation has. But our grandchildren will have to deal with the contradictions.

Books

Prelude to Revolution (1970)

Prelude to Revolution: France in May 1968, first published by Hill and Wang in 1970, is an account of the student uprising and general strike that shook France and imperiled the Gaullist regime in the spring of 1968.  Singer argues that the events of May '68, while not a revolution, even a failed one, had the potential to overturn a contradictory French society.  However, he claims, they achieved no radical change because the genuine radicals on the non-Communist left had insufficient organisation and influence, while the supposedly radical Communist Party, with sufficient strength to force fundamental change in the crisis, was not actually interested in doing so.  According to Percy Brazil, this is the work which established Singer as "a major political writer."

The New Republic wrote of Prelude to Revolution that "if Marx had been living in Paris during May 1968, he might have written this book."

The Road to Gdansk (1981)

The Road to Gdansk, published by Monthly Review Press in 1981, is a collection of essays on Poland, the Soviet Union, and Solidarity.  It was described by Foreign Affairs as "a sharp and stimulating analysis", though a review in Russian Review, while praising its discussion of the USSR, notes that "less than a third" of the book is devoted to "a rather superficial analysis" of events in Poland.

Is Socialism Doomed? (1988)

Is Socialism Doomed? The Meaning of Mitterrand was published by Oxford University Press in 1988. The book dissects the phenomenon of François Mitterrand, who came into office as the first socialist president in French history with "the most radical program of any offered in the West by a prospective government in at least thirty years", but by the end of the 1980s had abandoned radicalism and turned the French Socialist Party back into a standard European social democratic party. Singer argued that the disappointment of Mitterrand for socialists demonstrated not that socialism is a futile project, but that Mitterrand had not really attempted it.

Whose Millennium? (1999)

Whose Millennium?  Theirs or Ours? was published by Monthly Review Press in 1999. This book, described by Percy Brazil as Singer's "magnum opus", challenges the idea that "there is no alternative" to capitalism.  Instead, Singer argues,
We are at a moment, to borrow [Walt] Whitman's words, when society "is for a while between things ended and things begun," not because of some symbolic date on a calendar marking the turn of the millennium, but because the old order is a-dying, in so far as it can no longer provide answers corresponding to the social needs of our point of development, though it clings successfully to power, because there is no class, no social force ready to push it off the historical stage.
Barbara Ehrenreich described the book as "magisterial in its historical sweep [and] fiercely democratic in its vision", providing "the thinking person's bridge to the 21st Century."

Deserter from Death (2005)

Deserter from Death: Dispatches from Western Europe 1950–2000, is a posthumous collection of Singer's journalistic writing over the course of his life, published by Nation Books in 2005.  It has an introduction by George Steiner and a preface by Howard Zinn. The title comes from a phrase Singer once used to describe himself, referring to his narrow escape from The Holocaust.

References

External links
Website of the Daniel Singer Millennium Prize Foundation
The Nation articles

1926 births
2000 deaths
Marxist journalists
French Marxists
French communists
20th-century Polish Jews
Polish emigrants to France
Polish Marxists
Polish communists
Jewish socialists
The Nation (U.S. magazine) people
British male journalists
British Marxists
British communists
French male writers
20th-century French journalists

Daniel Singer (journalist)


Henry John R Cookson, FRGS (born 16 September 1975) is a British polar explorer and adventurer. On 19 January 2007 he, alongside fellow Britons Rory Sweet and Rupert Longsdon, and their Canadian polar guide Paul Landry, became the first team to reach the southern pole of Inaccessibility (POI) by foot, the last visitors being a research team using tracked vehicles & planes in 1965.

Early life
He was born in Wimbledon and attended the Ecole de Roche, Harrow School, and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. He briefly worked at investment bank Goldman Sachs.

Scott Dunn Polar Challenge
In 2005 he was persuaded to enter the Scott Dunn Polar Challenge as the third member of Team Hardware, alongside Rory Sweet and Rupert Longsdon. Despite all being novice polar explorers, they defied the odds and won the gruelling 360 mile race to the magnetic north pole, breaking the course record in the process and finishing four hours ahead of the nearest competitors, a team of a Royal Marine and two Army Commandos.

Team N2i

Following the success of the Scott Dunn Polar Challenge, the trio decided to turn their sights on an expedition to the Antarctic Pole of Inaccessibility. Training began in 2006, and Canadian Paul Landry joined the effort. On 19 January 2007, 48 days after setting off from Novolazarevskaya Station, the four reached their goal, after kite skiing 1,100 miles to their destination. Upon arrival, they discovered the most visible remains left behind from the previous Soviet expedition in 1958, and the only indication that they had reached the POI - a bust of Lenin, which had been fixed to the chimney of a Russian built hut.

For their endeavors, they are in the Guinness Book of Records as the first people to reach the Pole of Inaccessibility without using motored craft.

Walking With The Wounded

It was announced in 2010 that Henry had been approached by Simon Daglish and Edward Parker to sign on as an expedition guide for Walking With The Wounded, a charitable expedition to the north pole aimed at raising funds for injured servicemen and women. The expedition patron was Prince Harry, who stated his intention to join the expedition for its final days should his military commitments allow.

References

External links
 http://www.teamn2i.com
 http://www.cooksonadventures.com

1975 births
Living people
British polar explorers
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
People educated at Hawtreys
People educated at Harrow School

Henry Cookson


Aphrodite (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδίτη, Aphrodítē) is the Ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty. She was also the goddess of procreation. Aphrodite is one of the Twelve Olympians. The most beautiful and refined of the goddesses, Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus, god of fire and metalworking. Aphrodite had numerous affairs with other beings, the most notable of these being Ares, the god of war.

In Homer's Iliad, one of the Oceanids.
In Hesiod's Theogony, however, Aphrodite is stated to have risen from sea foam, formed at the spot where Uranos' genitals landed, after Kronos castrated him and tossed them into the sea. Aphrodite's cult was centered on the islands of Cythera and Cyprus, both of which were claimed to be her birthplace. Her main festival was the Aphrodisia, which was celebrated annually every midsummer. The Charites (minor goddesses of grace and splendor) attended to Aphrodite and served as her handmaidens. Aphrodite's symbols include the dolphin, myrtle, rose, dove, sparrow, swan and pearl, and the dove, sparrow and swan were her sacred animals. The goddess Venus is her Roman equivalent. Aphrodite was quite often described as very beautiful, and was used as a point of comparison for female beauty - but just as she was beautiful, she just as smart and wise.

Children
Eros, Phobos, Deimos, Harmonia, Pothos, Anteros, Himeros, Hermaphroditos, Rhode, Eryx, Peitho, Tyche, Eunomia, The Graces, Priapus, and Aeneas. She has 16 children in total.

Marriage
Aphrodite was very beautiful, which made Zeus afraid that she would be the cause of fights between the other gods. He therefore gave Aphrodite to Hephaestus. Hephaestus was happy to be married to Aphrodite and gave her many pieces of jewelry which were gifts of love, like a belt that when ever she wore it, it would make men be attracted to her. Aphrodite, however, was not attracted to him. So she spent most of her time with Ares, but she also spent time with Adonis and Anchises. She had many children.

 children with Ares (pronounced air-es): Harmonia, Deimos (pronounced day-mos), Phobos, and Eros (pronounced e-ros).
 child with Anchises (pronounced an-chi-ses): Aeneas (pronounced ain-ne-us).

References

Related pages
 Venus - Roman version of Aphrodite.

Twelve Olympians
Gods and goddesses of beauty
Gods and goddesses of fertility
Gods and goddesses of love and lust

Aphrodite


George Turnour Jnr, CCS (1799–1843) was a British colonial administrator, scholar and a historian. A member of the Ceylon Civil Service, he served as a Government Agent, Assistant Colonial Secretary and Treasurer of the Colony. He is known for his translation of the Mahavamsa, the Great Chronicle of Sri Lankan history which was published in 1837. Along with James Prinsep and Captain Edward Smith, he began to decipher the inscriptions on the first discovered Pillar of Ashoka.

Early life
Born in Ceylon on 11 March 1799, his father was the Honorable George Turnour Snr, the son of the British politician Edward Garth-Turnour, 1st Earl Winterton. George Turnour Snr came to India joining the Bengal Native Infantry as an ensign. He landed in Ceylon in 1783 with the 73rd Regiment. In 1795, he was appointed Fort Adjutant of the Jaffna Fort and later made Commandant of the Mannar Fort in 1797. He married Emilie de Beaussett, niece of Cardinal Duc de Beaussett. In 1799, Lieutenant Turnour was dismissed from command following an inquiry instituted by the Governor on irregularities in the Mannar Pearl Fishery which found "gross and incalculable fraud". Thereafter, Turnour Snr tried his hand in trading business between Indian and Ceylon which failed, prompting him to return to Jaffna insolvent in 1807. He was able to gain appointment as Revenue Agent of the Wanni, Assistant Collector of Jaffna in 1813 and served as Sitting Magistrate and Fiscal. He died in April 1813.

George Turnour Jnr was the eldest of six siblings, he had one younger brother Edward Archer and four sisters Anne Emily, Frances, Elizabeth and Jane. In 1811, he was sent to England for education under the patronage of Sir Thomas Maitland.

Civil service career
On his return in 1820, he was appointed to the Ceylon Civil Service as Assistant to the Commissioner of Revenue. Thereafter he was made Assistant to the Chief Secretary. In 1822 he was appointed the Collector of Kalutara. In 1825 he was appointed Government Agent of Sabaragamuwa Province based in Ratnapura until he was transferred to Kandy as Revenue Commissioner in 1828. In 1833, he was appointed as the first Government Agent of the Central Province. In 1841, he was transferred to Colombo as Assistant Colonial Secretary and was appointed Treasurer. Due to ill health he retired early and returned to England and set out to Italy where he died in Naples on the 10 April 1843 aged 44 years.

Honours
He was elected an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Following his death, a fund was raised which erected a tablet at St. Pauls Church, Kandy. The remaining funds were used to start the Turnour Prize at the Royal College, Colombo.

Works
 History of Ceylon
 The Mahawanso in Roman Characters with the Translation Subjoined, and an Introductory Essay on Pali Buddhistical Literature.   Cotto 1837.
 Eleven Years in Ceylon

See also
Mahavamsa
James Prinsep
Pillars of Ashoka
Turnour Prize

References

Notes

External links
Mulkirigala (Mulgirigala) Raja Maha Viharaya

1799 births
1843 deaths
British civil servants in Ceylon
Government Agents (Sri Lanka)
19th-century English historians
People from British Ceylon
Treasurers of Ceylon

George Turnour


Stomp the Yard is a 2007 American dance drama film  produced by Rainforest Films and released through Sony Pictures' Screen Gems division on January 12, 2007. Directed by Sylvain White, Stomp the Yard centers on DJ Williams, a college student at a fictional historically black university who pledges to join a fictional Greek-letter fraternity. The film's central conflict involves DJ's fraternity competing in various stepping competitions against a rival fraternity from the same school. The film's script was written by Robert Adetuyi, working from an original draft by Gregory Ramon Anderson. The film was originally titled Steppin, but to avoid confusion over the 2006 film Step Up, the title was changed. Delta Sigma Theta along with other sororities like Gamma Theta were in the movie.

The film stars Columbus Short, Meagan Good, Darrin Henson, Brian White, Laz Alonso, and Valarie Pettiford, with Harry Lennix, and, in their film debuts, R&B singers Ne-Yo & Chris Brown. Stomp the Yard was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia, on the campuses of Morris Brown College, Georgia Institute of Technology, Morehouse College, and Clark Atlanta University, and in the MAK Historic District of Decatur, Georgia. Elsewhere Short, Alonso and Brown had also starred together in the film This Christmas.

Plot

DJ Williams is a young man in inner-city Los Angeles. He and his younger brother Duron compete in local dance competitions as members of a crew known as the "Goon Squad". At the end of an intense dance battle, the Goon Squad wins a cash-prize. Sphere, the leader of rival crew The Thug Unit, goes all in for a double-or-nothing battle. DJ accepts to Duron's dismay, knowing they risk violent retaliation from the opposing crew. The Goon Squad wins the second battle and the Thug Unit responds by ambushing DJ and his crewmates as they are walking home. A fight breaks out, and Sphere starts beating up DJ. Duron pushes him away and starts fighting him. Sphere pulls out a gun and fatally shoots Duron, devastating DJ.

After DJ is arrested and convicted of assault, his mother (wanting him to avoid prison) sends him to live with his aunt Jackie and uncle Nate in Atlanta, Georgia, where he is to attend the historically black Truth University. Nate, the physical plant director at Truth, aims to teach DJ responsibility and puts him to work doing maintenance as part of a work-study program.

DJ sees April Palmer, to whom he is immediately attracted. After registration, he moves into his dorm room, where he meets his new roommate Rich Brown. Rich meets with DJ at a stepping competition on the green between the Truth chapters of rival fraternities Theta Nu Theta and Mu Gamma Xi. The Mu Gamma Xi crew, seven-time national stepping champions, easily steals the show until DJ runs right through their step line in an attempt to speak to April. April rebuffs DJ's romantic attempts and returns to her boyfriend Grant, the co-leader of the Gammas.

That night, DJ, Rich, and their friends Byron, Paul and East go out to a local club called the Phoenix for the "Rep Your City" event. Hoping to impress April and upstage Grant and the Gammas (all of whom are also in attendance), DJ takes to the floor. Despite the animosity between DJ and Grant, the Gammas recognize his skills as a dancer and their chapter president Zeke invites him to pledge for Mu Gamma Xi. DJ turns down both Zeke's offer as well as an offer from the Theta Nu Theta chapter's leader Sylvester.

After learning that April is a student history tutor, DJ signs himself up for tutoring so that he can spend time with her. The two slowly begin a friendship and DJ takes April out to dinner. During their date, April discusses the importance of black fraternities and sororities with DJ, and tells him to visit Heritage Hall on the campus' Greek Row.

The next day, DJ learns about the significant number of African-American historical figures and celebrities who were members of various Greek-letter organizations, and decides to pledge for the Theta chapter along with Rich and their friend Noel. After "crossing over" to become official Theta members, DJ, Rich, and Noel join the Thetas' step crew.

While having dinner, April breaks up with Grant due to his arrogant and selfish behavior and his failure to know anything about her, particularly that green is her favorite color. She grows closer to DJ and they eventually become a couple. While at practice, DJ, Rich, Noel and other new members realize the step dance moves are old fashioned and aren't good enough to win the stepping competition. They decide to take the time to learn fresher moves. Sly then gathers his older members and challenges DJ and the rest to an old school vs. new school stepping contest. DJ blows the contest due to his showboating. They remind DJ, much like Duron did, that it is about the team and not about him. DJ apologizes to the entire fraternity and is quickly forgiven. Sly also requests that DJ show the team some of his street moves.

A few days before the competition, Grant stumbles upon DJ's file and discovers his assault record and presents it to the board. The board suspends DJ for not disclosing his criminal record. Dr. Palmer, who is April's father, calls in DJ to his office. He says he is willing to lift his suspension on the condition that DJ stays away from April. DJ declines the ultimatum and walks away. DJ then tells Nate and Jackie about the suspension. They then reveal that Jackie dated Dr. Palmer, a Gamma, until she met Nate and there has been animosity between Nate and Palmer ever since. Jackie confronts Palmer about DJ's suspension and Palmer claims he is only protecting April, who then confronts her father about the situation, having been listening from outside the door. Dr. Palmer reinstates DJ, deciding that he would rather deal with DJ in April's life than to lose April in his.

DJ rejoins the Thetas to compete alongside them against the Gammas in the stepping competition. Both teams are tied at the end and it is brought into sudden death rules to determine a winner. Unknown to DJ and the Thetas, the Gammas had recorded DJ practicing his moves prior to the competition. Going first, Grant uses some of DJ's moves from the videotape. After he finishes, DJ matches Grant move for move, then finishes with Duron's signature move, something the Gammas didn't get on tape. The Thetas finally defeat the Gammas. April goes on stage to hug and kiss DJ. While celebrating their victory, DJ is still wearing Duron's gloves, and he kisses his fist and throws it in the air in honor of his brother. The Thetas have their picture taken, and it is displayed in Heritage Hall.

Cast
 Columbus Short as Darnell James "D.J." Williams, a gifted street dancer who starts as a selfish loner.
 Meagan Good as April Palmer, D.J.'s love interest, and Dr. Palmer's daughter.
 Ne-Yo as Rich Brown, D.J.'s roommate.
 Darrin Henson as Grant, the star stepper of Truth University and D.J.'s adversary.
 Harry J. Lennix as Nathan Williams, D.J.'s uncle, and Dr. Palmer's adversary.
 Valarie Pettiford as Jackie Williams, D.J.'s aunt and Dr. Palmer's old college girlfriend.
 April Clark as Maya, April's best friend.
 Brian J. White as Sylvester, the president of Theta Nu Theta.
 Laz Alonso as Zeke, the president of Mu Gamma Xi.
 A. JC. Jones as Al "Big Al", voted most respectable Kappa since 2007.
 Jermaine Williams as Noel, Rich's friend.
 Chris Brown as Duron Williams, D.J.'s younger brother who was killed in the beginning of the movie.
 Allan Louis as Dr. Palmer, April Palmer's father and Nate's adversary.
 Chuck Maldonado, Celebrity Choreographer and Creative Director of World of Step

Soundtrack

A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on April 24, 2007 by Artists' Addiction Records. It peaked at 20 on the Top Soundtracks."Hall Of Fame"''' written by Jason Horns & performed by Tha J-Squad Published by Tha J Squad Beat Mastaz (ASCAP)
Courtesy of Tha J Squad Beat Mastaz Productionz

Alpha Phi Alpha boycott threat
A boycott of the film was threatened by Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity and supported by Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, due to a conflict between the organizations and Stomp the Yard producers Will Packer and Rob Hardy (both members of Alpha Phi Alpha) over the unauthorized use of some of Alpha Phi Alpha's trademarks in the film. The groups ended their threat when Sony Pictures and Screen Gems agreed to the removal of all references to the fraternity from the film. Sony and Screen Gems made a decision for a donation to The Washington D. C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, a project of Alpha Phi Alpha. The disputed scenes of Alpha Phi Alpha steppers which were deleted from the final release print appear in both versions of the Stomp the Yard movie trailer. Despite the controversy, the filmmakers were honored by Alpha Phi Alpha at the Fraternity's 103rd Anniversary Convention held in New Orleans in 2009.

Reception
The film opened at number-one with a first-weekend gross of $22 million, becoming the first film in three weekends to beat out Night at the Museum at the box office. Stomp the Yard, produced on a budget of $13 million, eventually went on to gross $61 million in the United States and $75 million worldwide."'Stomp the Yard' dances to No. 1 finish". USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-01-14-box-office-analysis_x.htm?csp=34 on Jan. 14, 2007.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 27% based on 90 reviews, with an average rating of 4.6/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "While Stomp the Yard contains impressive musical and dance numbers, it loses its momentum during the intervening soap opera-style subplots." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Sony Pictures held a national high school stepping competition in conjunction with the release of the film. The winning team was from North Stafford High School in the suburb of Stafford, Virginia.

Sequel
Rainforest Films announced a Stomp the Yard sequel, called Stomp the Yard: Homecoming. The studio signed on studio partner Rob Hardy to direct. Columbus Short, who starred in the original Sony Screen Gems release, makes a cameo appearance as DJ. Other cast members include Terrence J of 106 & Park, Tyler Nelson from Taking the Stage, former Cheetah Girls member Kiely Williams, singer/rapper Teyana Taylor, Pooch Hall from The Game'', and Miracle's Boys.

References

External links
 Official website

2007 films
2000s musical drama films
African-American musical drama films
American dance films
2000s teen romance films
American romantic drama films
American romantic musical films
American teen drama films
American teen romance films
Hip hop dance
2000s hip hop films
Films about dance competitions
Films about fraternities and sororities
Films directed by Sylvain White
Films produced by Will Packer
Screen Gems films
Rainforest Films films
2007 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
African-American films

Stomp the Yard


Dr. Vernon Johns (April 22, 1892 – June 11, 1965) was an American minister based in the South and a pioneer in the civil rights movement. He is best known as the pastor (1947–52) of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. He was succeeded there by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Johns was widely known in the black community across the South for his profound scholarship in the classics, his intellect, and his highly controversial and outspoken sermons on race relations, which were ahead of his time.

Life
Johns was born in Darlington Heights, Prince Edward County, Virginia. Three of his grandparents had been enslaved. His paternal grandfather was hanged for killing his master. Johns's maternal grandfather was a Mr. Price, a white man. Price had a long-standing relationship with Johns's maternal grandmother. After killing another white man who tried to rape her, Price was convicted and served prison time. When she died young, their daughter Sallie Price (who later became Johns's mother) was raised by Price's white wife. The fact that Price was the father of the mixed-race girl Sallie was not generally acknowledged.

In 1915, Johns graduated from Virginia Theological Seminary and College. He attended the Oberlin Seminary, where he studied with classmate Robert M. Hutchins. While at Oberlin, Johns was highly respected by both his classmates and the faculty; he was chosen to give the annual student oration. After graduating from Oberlin in 1918, he attended the University of Chicago's graduate school of theology.

After studying at the University of Chicago, Johns was called as a preacher to various congregations in Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. In 1926, he was the first African American to have his work published in Best Sermons of the Year.

In 1927, Johns married Altona Trent. She was a pianist and music teacher who became a professor at what is now Alabama State University. In 1929–33 Johns served as president of Lynchburg's Virginia Theological Seminary and College. He was unable to stabilize the school's finances and was forced to resign. He returned to his family farm for several years.

In 1937 Johns was called again as a pastor of First Baptist Church in Charleston, West Virginia. In 1941, Johns returned to Lynchburg as pastor of Court Street Baptist Church, but was quickly forced to resign by the congregation and returned to the farm.

His wife's connection to ASU enabled her to influence Dexter Avenue Baptist Church to hire Johns as pastor in October 1948. On one occasion, he paid his fare on a bus in Montgomery, and was directed to the back in the custom of segregated seating. He refused to sit there and demanded, and got, his money back. He sometimes ruffled feathers among his upper- and middle-class congregation by selling his farm produce outside the church building.

Johns's niece, Barbara Johns, led a student strike in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1951. Ultimately she was involved in a suit against the county, Davis vs. Prince Edward County. This was one of five cases that was combined in the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka suit that reached the U.S. Supreme Court. It ruled that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional and urged states to desegregate such facilities.  Ms. Johns noted that one of her inspirations was her uncle, Rev. Johns.

In May 1953, Johns was forced to resign as pastor in Montgomery. He returned to his family farm, where he spent the rest of his life.

Vernon Johns died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C., on June 11, 1965, at age 73.

Legacy
A television film, Road to Freedom: The Vernon Johns Story (1994), written by Leslie Lee and Kevin Arkadie, was based on an unpublished biography by Henry W. Powell of The Vernon Johns Society. It was directed by Kenneth Fink and stars James Earl Jones in the title role. Former NBA player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was the film's co-executive producer.

David Anderson Elementary School in Petersburg, Virginia, was renamed as Vernon Johns Middle School. In 2009 it was adapted as the junior high school for the city school system.

See also
 Ralph Luker, editor of the Vernon Johns Papers

References

Further reading

External links

1892 births
1965 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
People from Prince Edward County, Virginia
Activists from Montgomery, Alabama
Baptists from Virginia
Baptists from Alabama
Activists from Virginia
African-American activists
Religious leaders from Charleston, West Virginia
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States

Vernon Johns


Kurskaya () is a Moscow Metro station in the Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Koltsevaya line, between Komsomolskaya and Taganskaya stations, and opened on 1 January 1950.

Design
The station was designed by architects G. Zakharkov and Z. Chernysheva under the supervision of Ivan Zholtovsky who were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1950 for the design. Kurskaya is a rare deep column station built in the 1950s style of Stalinist Architecture.

The design features four rows of columns which support the vaults, though the columns are "doubled" hence their wide appearance. In the centre of the station is a large open space with a large vault topping it that rests on four pylons forming an arbour, from which a staircase leads off as a transfer to Kurskaya–Radialnaya of the Arbatsko–Pokrovskaya line. Another interesting detail of the station is the lack of sculptures and artwork, instead, however, this compensated by small details such as Torchiere (now removed) in the arbour which light the granite stairwell and hidden lamps in the niches of the vault, which is covered by a bronze frieze symbolising the dawn and blossoming of Mother Russia. Additional lighting is provided by eight elegant conical chandeliers with fluorescent tubes. The floor is laid with red and grey granite and the walls and columns with white koyelga marble.

The station's large vestibule is located right next to the north, and adjacent to Kursky railway station, hence the name of the station, and serves both the ring and radial stations, this contains a large circular underground lobby in the centre of which is a bronze sculpture of wheat (inclining Kursk as the centre of the Chernozem region), this is also linked to the 1938 vestibule of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya station, allowing for a transfer there. The interior of the surface structure, adorned with citations from the Anthem of the Soviet Union once contained a large statue of Joseph Stalin (by sculptor Nikolai Tomsky), this was removed in 1961. On 3 July 2008, the vestibule was closed for a year to replace escalators, upgrade and renovation. The station's second entrance to Zemlyanoy Val opened in December 1995, is a shared underground vestibule, which also doubles as a transfer to Chkalovskaya of the Lyublinskaya line.

Possibly the most interesting detail of the station is a large metallic plaque on the station wall, adorned with artwork has an inscription: Kurskaya, large ring, 1945–1949. This implies the original plan to have the Koltsevaya line follow the Garden Ring, and then a smaller ring line to follow the Boulevard Ring (the small ring).

Notes

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1950
1950 establishments in the Soviet Union
Koltsevaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia

Kurskaya (Koltsevaya line)


Chambersburg is a neighborhood located within the city of Trenton in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is considered part of South Trenton. Chambersburg was an independent municipality from 1872 to 1888.

Chambersburg was named for Robert Chambers, a founder of the area, whose family is memorialized by the local Chambers Street. Chambers died in 1865, shortly before the borough was created.

Chambersburg was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 2, 1872, from portions of Hamilton Township. On March 27, 1874, the municipality was reincorporated as the Borough of Chambersburg Township. On May 1, 1888, Chambersburg was annexed to Trenton.

Chambersburg is the home of fictional bounty hunter Stephanie Plum, a character created by author Janet Evanovich. A significant portion of each of the novels featuring Plum takes place in or around "The 'Burg."

Industrial heritage

John A. Roebling, the builder of the Brooklyn Bridge, founded his wire making company in the neighborhood along the Delaware and Raritan Canal, now covered by Route 129, in 1849.  Under the leadership of his sons the company grew to be Trenton's largest employer, with a massive industrial complex on the western side of Chambersburg.  Operations ceased at the plant in 1974, with parts having undergone adaptive reuse and others awaiting redevelopment.  Two different parts of the complex have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Roebling Machine Shop, and John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton N.J., Block 3.

Community

During most of the 20th century, Chambersburg was widely regarded as the "Italian section" of the city of Trenton and featured numerous family-owned Italian restaurants, bakeries, butchers and grocery stores. An annual Feast of Lights was held centrally in Chambersburg. Over the years, however, the wave of Italian immigrants that shaped the neighborhood died out, their descendants left the area and most of the businesses that catered to their needs closed.

Since the decline of the Italian community, many newer immigrants have come to the neighborhood. Today Chambersburg has Trenton's largest Latino community. Many of the immigrants come from Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Ecuador.  The Puerto Rican population has decreased slightly but is still present in Chambersburg.

Current points of interest include St. Francis Medical Center, Columbus Park and Immaculate Conception Church.

Remnants of the Italian Community can still be found at Panorama Musicale and Italian Peoples Bakery and Our Lady of the Angels Parish, which is what the Italian National parish of St. Joachim's was renamed in 2005. This Little Italy section of Trenton has also gained numerous Italian restaurants in recent years.

Gallery

References

1872 establishments in New Jersey
1888 disestablishments in New Jersey
Former municipalities in Mercer County, New Jersey
Former townships in New Jersey
Neighborhoods in Trenton, New Jersey
Populated places established in 1872
Little Italys in the United States

Chambersburg, Trenton, New Jersey


Nancy Bekavac was the sixth president of Scripps College and the first woman to hold that position. She began her tenure on July 1, 1990, and concluded it on June 30, 2007. Scripps College is a liberal arts women's college in Claremont, California.

Scripps College
In 1990 as a result of Scripps alumni pushing for a woman president, Nancy Bekavac became the sixth president of Scripps College. During her tenure, the endowment of Scripps College increased from $57 million to $230 million, student enrollment increased from 630 to 880, and applications doubled to 1,900. Student quality also increased: first-year students now have combined median SAT scores of 1350, up from 1140 in 1991. Scripps also has more National Merit Finalists than any other women's college in the nation.

In 2003, Scripps College Summer Academy began an annual two-week residential program for underserved high school students.

Many changes were made to the physical structure of the campus during Bekavac's tenure. The college's physical plant was extended and improved. In 1994, the Millard Sheets Art Center was opened. In 2000, the Malott Commons was opened for college-wide dining and special
programs. Also in 2000, a new residence hall (Gabrielle Jungels-Winkler Hall) was opened and the former President's House on campus was renamed as the Ellen Clark Revelle House. In 2001, a 25-meter swimming pool was built, and in 2006 ground was broken for the Sallie Tiernan Field House, a recreation and athletic center with a woman-friendly environment. The Field House now accommodates nutrition and health classes and includes workout rooms.

Early life and education
Bekavac was born and raised in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where her family ran the Bekavac Funeral Home.  She graduated from Clairton High School in 1965. She earned a bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College where she graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1969, and she graduated from Yale Law School in 1973.

She was one of four Swarthmore College team members on the weekly College Bowl "quiz" show during the 1968-1969 season  that defeated competing teams for five consecutive weeks. She was also a Watson Fellow, traveling in South Asia and Eastern Europe. At Yale Law School, she was a classmate of president-to-be Bill Clinton.

Career
She practiced law in Los Angeles, and was a partner at the firm now known as Munger, Tolles & Olson; she was Director of the Thomas J. Watson Fellowship, and was counselor to the president of Dartmouth College prior to her appointment as president of Scripps College.  She is currently RIT Kosovo Trustee Chair.

References

Swarthmore College alumni
Living people
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Yale Law School alumni
Scripps College
People from Clairton, Pennsylvania
Year of birth missing (living people)
People associated with Munger, Tolles & Olson

Nancy Y. Bekavac


Paradox in Oz is a 1999 novel written by Edward Einhorn. As its title indicates, the book is an entry in the series of books about the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and a host of successors.

The book
Paradox in Oz was published by Hungry Tiger Press, with illustrations by Eric Shanower. It was playwright Einhorn's first novel and first Oz book. (His second in both categories, The Living House of Oz, would appear in 2005.) The publication of Paradox in Oz was timed to coincide with the centennial of the original Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (as was also true of Gina Wickwar's The Hidden Prince of Oz and Dave Hardenbrook's The Unknown Witches of Oz). Einhorn's novel was warmly received and widely praised upon its initial publication, as were Shanower's illustrations; a review in Asimov's Science Fiction called it a "gorgeous book."

Genre
In Paradox in Oz Einhorn maintains a fidelity to the benign utopian fantasy of Baum's Oz novels, though he also acknowledges the darker revisionist vein explored in contemporary books like Geoff Ryman's Was and Gregory Maguire's Wicked trilogy. Einhorn constructs an alternate, dystopian version of Oz, an Obsidian City in contrast to Baum's Emerald City.

Einhorn's book is also notable for its use of science fiction elements, principally time travel. There is a science fiction thread that winds through Baum's work, manifested in non-Oz books like The Master Key but also in the Oz stories, with robots (Tik-Tok of Oz), domed cities (Glinda of Oz), and other features. Critics have remarked on the interest in and acceptance of technology that sets Baum's Oz apart from earlier fantasy domains.

Synopsis
As the novel opens, inhabitants of Oz are suddenly noticing unusual signs of aging. Omby Amby finds a white hair in his luxurious green beard, and common citizens confront wrinkles and back problems. Ozma and her advisers realize that the magic anti-aging spell, which has prevailed in Oz throughout her reign, has now stopped working. In their attempt to figure out why, Ozma and Glinda consult the Great Book of Records, but find cryptic references to the "Man Who Lives Backwards." (This person is actually living in Glinda's palace at the moment; but since he lives backwards, he is a baby in the present time, and cannot explain himself to them.)

In trying to puzzle out the problem, Ozma and Glinda confront a Parrot-Ox — a large magic creature, half parrot and half ox. "Its front half was covered with red, blue, and green plumage, and out from among its feathers proudly emerged a bright yellow beak. Two large, orange wings rested against its body, which was a speckled brown, and it had a long black tail with a feathered end. It stood upon four hooved feet, and its dark eyes darted nervously around the room, dismayed at being discovered." They learn that these creatures, normally invisible, are amazingly common; they co-exist with us in our everyday lives. A Parrot-Ox is "capable of doing nothing at all, unless it is impossible."

This particular Parrot-Ox calls himself Tempus. To resolve the mystery of the aging of Oz, Ozma rides Tempus back in time, to meet her predecessor King Oz in the forest surrounding the Forbidden Fountain. She encounters a curious person called Dr. Majestico, and she accidentally changes the past so that Oz becomes an evil place, ruled by a tyrannical Wizard from an Obsidian City, a negative-image of her own Emerald City. She must deal with altered versions of her familiar friends: the beautiful Glinda is old and worn, while the Tin Woodman is a human and very malevolent headsman, Nick Chopper.

In her efforts to remedy the situation, Ozma takes more and more trips into the past; the woods around the Forbidden Fountain are soon filled with Ozmas from different times. Ozma must confront Tip, her own earlier male self, and take a journey to Absurd City to find the Man Who Lives Backwards; she must face mind-boggling confusions, and numerous Parrot-Oxes, before she can restore the familiar world she knows and loves.

Ozian allusions
Fans of Oz will find subtle allusions in Einhorn's text. In Chapter Six, for example, Tempus tells Ozma that he remembers things that "never happened," such as "when East used to be West and West used to be East...." This is a reference to a major and well-known contradiction in the Oz literature. In the second chapter of the original Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Baum specifically places the Munchkin Country in the eastern section of Oz; Dorothy's house famously kills the Wicked Witch of the East when it lands on her there. Yet in later books, Tik-Tok of Oz and The Lost Princess of Oz, maps show the Munchkin Country in the west.

In Obsidian City, the alternative version of Omby Amby calls himself Wantowin Battles — a name introduced by Ruth Plumly Thompson in her Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939).

When dealing with Dorothy, the Evil Version of the Wizard makes a reference to the 1939 movie version, by reversing part of the Wizard's dialog, describing himself, as "a very bad man, but I am a very good wizard," before performing a wicked spell on the girl.

The illustrations
Eric Shanower's black-and-white illustrations for Paradox in Oz are faithful to the richly romantic style that Shanower has developed for Oz illustration, from The Enchanted Apples of Oz (1986) on. Yet for pertinent incidents in Einhorn's text, Shanower expands his style to include elements of pop art and op art, and allusions to the work of M. C. Escher.

References

Books based on The Wizard of Oz
1999 fantasy novels
1999 American novels
1999 children's books
Novels about time travel

Paradox in Oz


Seiwa-en is a Japanese strolling garden located in the Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, in the Midwestern United States. At 5 ha (14 acres), it is the largest such garden in North America. It features a large lake, modest traditional buildings, bridges, islands, carp, dry gravel landscaping, and other symbolic features. Planning for the garden began in 1972, and it was dedicated in May 1977.

Seiwa-en was designed by Dr. Koichi Kawana, a professor of Japanese architecture and landscape design at UCLA. He was originally from Hokkaido island in northern Japan and taught ikebana, a Japanese style of flower arangment in his spare time.
Dr. Kawana was a pioneer in the design of traditional Japanese gardens that integrate local or native plants into the garden's structure. He designed more than one dozen Japanese style gardens in America after becoming a US citizen in 1971; Seiwa-en is his largest work.

The garden contains a Japanese maple tree planted as a gift to the garden by the Emperor of Japan on a visit to St. Louis. There are also Japanese cherry trees planted near the garden's entrance that bloom in spring.

External links
The Japanese Garden

Asian-American culture in Missouri
Missouri Botanical Garden
Botanical gardens in Missouri
Japanese strolling gardens
Japanese gardens in the United States

Seiwa-en


This is about the American naval officer. For others, see Donald Duncan (disambiguation).

Donald Bradley Duncan (1896–1975) was an admiral in the United States Navy, who played an important role in aircraft-carrier operations during World War II.

Duncan graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1917, and was assigned to the USS Oklahoma (BB-37). He received a master's degree in radio engineering from Harvard University in 1925.

In 1941, he was the first commander of the USS Long Island, the Navy's first escort aircraft carrier.

As the air operations officer to Admiral Ernest J. King, Duncan assisted with the planning for the Doolittle Raid, and was the one who proposed the use of both the B-25 Mitchell bombers and the Hornet (CV-8) for the raid.  He was then appointed to be the first commanding officer of the carrier Essex (CV-9).

Duncan held several important staff and operational positions following the war.  He served as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) from March 6, 1947, to January 20, 1948.  He commanded the 2nd Task Fleet after 1948, and was the Vice Chief of Naval Operations from 1951 to 1956.

Following his retirement from the navy on March 1, 1957, he served as Governor of the Naval Home until May 1962. He died on September 8, 1975.

Awards
 Naval Aviator insignia
 Legion of Merit
 Navy Presidential Unit Citation with one bronze service star
 National Defense Service Medal
 Order of the British Empire, Military Division

See also

References
An oral history recorded in 1964 is in the Butler Library at Columbia University.

1896 births
1975 deaths
United States Navy admirals
Vice Chiefs of Naval Operations
United States Navy World War II admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit

Donald B. Duncan


Andreas Sidon (born 4 February 1963) is a German professional boxer. A professional since 1999, he has faced former world champions and contenders Nikolay Valuev, Odlanier Solis, Danny Williams, and Andrezj Wawrzyk.

Debut
Sidon turned professional in March 1999 in the Buergerzentrum Chorweiler, Cologne, Germany. In his debut Sidon stopped Zoltan Nagymihaly in the second round of a four round contest.

German title
Sidon faced Nikolay Valuev in only his second fight. Sidon suffered two standing eight-counts in the first round. Valuev also dominated the second round. The referee wanted to stop the fight in the third round, although there seemed to be no reason for a stoppage at that moment. The crowd was very discontented with the ref's decision and beercups and bottles have been thrown into the ring. Sidon wanted to continue, so he persuaded Valuev to continue fighting for the full 6 rounds.

Due to fighting without a referee (who left the ring in the third round), the EBU ruled the bout as a no-contest.
Sidon later told, that it was the referee's first professional bout and that Valuev's people shouted to the referee, that he should stop the fight, otherwise Valuev might hurt Sidon. Sidon also said, that the timekeeper shortened the later rounds, due to Valuev having conditioning problems.

WBU V. Heavyweight title
Sidon became the World Boxing Union V. heavyweight Champion on May 26, 2012 by defeating Henadzi Daniliuk in the Stadthalle, Ransbach-Baumbach, Germany.

References

External links

Living people
1963 births
German male boxers
Sportspeople from Wuppertal
Heavyweight boxers

Andreas Sidon


In the domain name system (DNS), .sch is a second-level domain used by several countries, including Iran (.ir), Saudi Arabia (.sa), and the United Kingdom (.uk), as a subdomain to represent primary and secondary schools.  In the United Kingdom, these are linked with area names, such that schools have a domain name of the form www.<schoolname>.<areaname>.sch.uk.  It is up to the individual countries whether to use this classification system, and whether a given organization qualifies as a school.

External links
List of all top-level domains with their policies for second and third level domains at Mozilla, accessed February 10, 2020
Nominet UK .sch information

Second-level domains

.sch


William Leslie Dill (March 15, 1874 – January 14, 1952) was an  American jurist and politician who was the Democratic nominee for Governor of New Jersey in 1928 and 1934. He was the only Democrat to lose a New Jersey gubernatorial election between 1916 and 1943 and the only one to lose to someone other than Walter Evans Edge between 1907 and 1946.

Biography
Dill was born in 1874 in Freeburg, Pennsylvania to William H. and Margaret C. Dill. Forced to leave school after the death of his father, he came to Paterson, New Jersey at the age of 12 and began work as an office boy. He later worked in the fire insurance business and for Paterson newspapers.

From 1901 to 1903 he served as secretary to the Mayor of Paterson. He served six years as president of the Paterson Finance Board. In 1913 he was named secretary to the New Jersey Senate, and in 1915 was named Assistant Secretary of State. Also in 1915, he was appointed State Motor Vehicle Commissioner.

Dill stepped down from his position as Motor Vehicle Commissioner in 1928 to seek the Democratic nomination for Governor of New Jersey, opposing the Republican candidate Morgan Foster Larson. In his campaign speeches Larson tied Dill to the machine of Democratic party boss Frank Hague. Dill received 671,728 votes to Larson's 824,005.

In 1933 Dill was appointed as a lay member of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals by Governor A. Harry Moore. He resigned from that office in 1934 to campaign for Governor of New Jersey a second time. His Republican opponent this time was Harold G. Hoffman, who had succeeded Dill as Motor Vehicle Commissioner. During the campaign Dill was again linked to Hague's bossism. Hoffman was victorious in the general election, marking the first time in 27 years that the Democrats lost the governorship in a non-presidential election year.

Dill was reappointed to the Court of Errors and Appeals in 1943 by Governor Charles Edison, remaining on the bench until 1948 when the court was abolished under the new State Constitution. He died in 1950 at his home in Paterson at the age of 77.

References

1874 births
1952 deaths
Politicians from Paterson, New Jersey
New Jersey state court judges
New Jersey Democrats

William L. Dill


Baguio City () is a city in northern Luzon, Philippines.  Its official name is the City of Baguio.  People know it as the Summer Capital of the Philippines because its climate is cooler than other parts of the country.  It is cooler because it is more than 4,800 feet above sea level.  People call it the "City of Pines" because it is in a region where pine trees and orchids can grow.

The United States founded Baguio in 1900.  This was so it could use have a hill station.  Baguio City was the United States' only hill station in Asia.

Baguio is physically within Benguet province but is a separate political unit.  Baguio was Benguet's capital from 1901 to 1916.  But Baguio became a chartered city in 1916.  This meant that Baguio had a status that is similar to a province.

Baguio belongs to the Cordillera Administrative Region.  That region also has the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province.  The city is the region's business and educational centre.

The 2015 census says that Baguio has 345,366 people living there.

The 2015 census says that Baguio has 345,366 people living there and more people

References

Cities in the Philippines

Baguio


Piranha 3D is a 3-D movie directed by Alexandre Aja. It stars Elisabeth Shue, Steven R. McQueen, Jessica Szohr, Jerry O'Connell, Kelly Brook, Riley Steele, Gianna Michaels, Christopher Lloyd, Ving Rhames, Roberto Chavira, Dina Meyer, Sage Ryan, Brooklynn Proulx and special starring Richard Dreyfuss.

Plot
In Lake Victoria, an earthquake forms a underwater fault line. Hungry piranhas come out. In the city of Lake Victoria (named for the lake), spring break has just started and some guys go into the lake celebrate and swim.

Cast
 Elisabeth Shue: Julie Forester - The sheriff of Lake Victoria
 Steven R. Mcqueen: Jake Forester - The son of the sheriff
 Jessica Szohr: Kelly - The girlfriend of Jake
 Jerry O' Connell: Derrick Jones - Director of porno movies
 Riley Steele: Crystal - A pornostar
 Gianna Michaels: Girl on a parachute
 Christopher Lloyd: Carl Goodman - Proprietary of the animal shop
 Ving Rhames: Agent Fallon - An agent
 Roberto Chavira: Sam - A sub
 Dina Meyer: Paula Montellano - Another sub
 Sage Ryan: Zane Forester - The another son of the sheriff
 Brooklynn Proulx: Laura Forester - The another son of the sheriff.

Sequel
Dimension Films has announced that a sequel will be released in November 2011 due to the success of this and the sequel will be called Piranha 3DD.

Cameo
Richard Dreyfuss makes a cameo in the movie when he sings the song "Show Me The Way To Go Home".
Dreyfuss sang the same song in Steven Spielberg's Jaws.

2010 movies
2010 3D movies
Movies about fish
English-language movies

Piranha 3D


Abraham Hayward Q.C. (22 November 1801 – 2 February 1884) was an English man of letters.

Life

He was son of Joseph Hayward, and was born in Wilton, near Salisbury, Wiltshire.

After education at Blundell's School, Tiverton, he entered the Inner Temple in 1824, and was called to the bar in June 1832. He took part as a conservative in the discussions of the London Debating Society, where his opponents were J A Roebuck and John Stuart Mill. The editorship of the Law Magazine, or, Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence, which he held from 1828 to 1844, brought him into connection with John Austin, G Cornewall Lewis, and such foreign jurists as Savigny, whose tractate on contemporary legislation and jurisprudence he rendered into English.

In 1833 he travelled abroad, and on his return began contributing to the New Monthly, the Foreign Quarterly, the Quarterly Review and the Edinburgh Review.

In February 1835 he was elected to the Athenaeum Club under Rule II, and he remained for nearly fifty years one of its most conspicuous and most influential members. He was also a subscriber to the Carlton, but ceased to frequent it when he became a Peelite. At the Temple, Hayward, whose reputation was rapidly growing as a connoisseur not only of a bill of fare but also as company, gave recherché dinners, at which ladies of rank and fashion appreciated the wit of Sydney Smith and Theodore Hook, the dignity of Lockhart and Lyndhurst and the oratory of Macaulay. At the Athenaeum and in political society he to some extent succeeded to the position of Croker. He and Macaulay were commonly said to be the two best-read men in town.

Political ladies first, and statesmen afterwards, came to recognise the advantage of obtaining Hayward's good opinion. The "old reviewing hand" became an acknowledged link between society, letters and politics. In one notable and lengthy land rights case, 'The Queen v. Ames', Hayward acted on behalf of the town of Lyme Regis in securing the permanent right of way for its citizens, across the cliffs to Axminster. There were other successes, but his promotion to be Q.C. in 1845 excited a storm of opposition, and, disgusted at being 'black-balled' by J. A. Roebuck and therefore not elected a Bencher of his Inn in the usual course, Hayward virtually withdrew from legal practice. His enemies prevented him from enjoying a well-selected quasisinecure, which both Palmerston and Aberdeen admitted to be his due. Samuel Warren attacked him as Venom Tuft in Ten Thousand a Year; and Disraeli aimed at him partially in Ste Barbe (in Endymion), though the satire here was directed primarily against Thackeray.

As a counsellor of great ladies and of politicians, to whom he held forth with a sense of all-round responsibility surpassing that of a cabinet minister, Hayward retained his influence to the last years of his life. But he had little sympathy with modern ideas. He used to say that he had outlived everyone that he could really look up to. He died, a bachelor, in his rooms at 8 St James's Street (a small museum of autograph portraits and reviewing trophies) and was buried in Highgate Cemetery (east side).

Works

He printed privately a translation of Goethe's Faust into English prose (pronounced by Carlyle to be the best version extant in his time). A second and revised edition was published after another visit to Germany in January 1834, in the course of which Hayward met Tieck, Chamisso, De La Motte Fouqué, Varnhagen von Ense and Madame Goethe. In 1878 he contributed the volume on Goethe to Blackwood's Foreign Classics for English Readers. The late nineteenth century English author George Gissing who read a lot of German literature in German during his lifetime, thought the volume 'poor stuff'.

His first successes as reviewer were in 1835–1836 by articles on "Walker's Original" and on "Gastronomy." The essays were reprinted to form The Art of Dining, in 1852. Hayward got up every important subject of discussion immediately it came into prominence, and concentrated his information in such a way that he habitually had the last word to say on a topic. When Rogers died, when Vanity Fair was published, when the Greville Memoirs was issued or a revolution occurred on the continent, Hayward, whose memory was as retentive as his power of accumulating documentary evidence was exhaustive, wrote an elaborate essay on the subject for the Quarterly or the Edinburgh. He followed up his paper by giving his acquaintances no rest until they either assimilated or undertook to combat his views.

In February 1848 he became one of the chief leader-writers for the Peelite organ, the Morning Chronicle. The morbid activity of his memory, however, continued to make him many enemies. He alienated Disraeli by tracing a purple patch in his official eulogy of the Duke of Wellington to a newspaper translation from Thiers's funeral panegyric on General St Cyr. His sharp tongue had already made him an enemy of Roebuck, and he disgusted the friends of Mill by the stories he raked up for an obituary notice of the great economist (The Times, 10 May 1873). He broke with Henry Reeve in 1874 by a venomous review of the Greville Memoirs, in which Reeve was compared to the beggarly Scot deputed to let off the blunderbuss which Bolingbroke (Greville) had charged.

After his break with Reeve, Hayward devoted himself more exclusively to the Quarterly. His essays on Chesterfield and Selwyn were reprinted in 1854. Collective editions of his articles appeared in volume form in 1858, 1873 and 1874, and Selected Essays in two volumes, 1878. In his useful but far from flawless edition of the Autobiography, Letters and Literary Remains of Mrs (Thrale) Piozzi (1861), he again appears as a supplementer and continuator of J. W. Croker. His Eminent Statesmen and Writers (1880) commemorates to a large extent personal friendships with such men as Dumas, Cavour and Thiers, whom he knew intimately.

Two volumes of Hayward's Correspondence (edited by HE Carlisle) were published in 1886. In Vanity Fair (27 November 1875) he may be seen as he appeared in later life.

References

 Philip Harling, 'Hayward, Abraham (1801–1884)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 6 February 2007
 Antony Chessell, 'The Life and Times of Abraham Hayward, Q.C., Victorian Essayist', Lulu Publishing, 2009
 'Abraham Hayward Collection' at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

External links

 Abraham Hayward Collection. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

English non-fiction writers
1801 births
1884 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
English barristers
People from Wilton, Wiltshire
People educated at Blundell's School
Members of the Inner Temple
English male non-fiction writers
19th-century English lawyers

Abraham Hayward


Brian McClure (born December 28, 1963) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Bowling Green.

College career
McClure played for the Falcons from 1982–85, where he set numerous offensive records. His 900 completions and 10,280 yards passing are both school records. He also threw 63 touchdowns which was the school record until Omar Jacobs threw 71 from 2003–05. In 1985, he led the Falcons to an undefeated regular season, but lost to Fresno State in the California Raisin Bowl.

1982: 113/176 for 1,391 yards with 8 TD vs 13 INT.
1983: 298/466 for 3,264 yards with 16 TD vs 16 INT.
1984: 263/414 for 2,951 yards with 21 TD vs 13 INT.
1985: 226/371 for 2,674 yards with 18 TD vs 16 INT.

NFL replacement player
McClure was drafted in the 12th round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. The arrival of Jim Kelly from the United States Football League pushed him to fourth string on the team's depth chart (behind Kelly, Frank Reich and Art Schlichter), and he was cut along with Schlichter prior to the start of the regular season after injuring his hand in the final preseason game. He was again cut by the Bills in training camp in 1987, but a got a chance to play after all when Buffalo signed him as a replacement player during that year's players strike.

After two weeks of replacement games (both losses, in which Buffalo scored a total of 13 points) and mediocre performances by quarterbacks Dan Manucci and Willie Totten, the Bills named McClure their starting quarterback for the October 18 contest against the New York Giants in Buffalo. The game turned out to be a defensive struggle: neither team scored until New York kicked a field goal early in the fourth quarter. McClure was not helping much, throwing three interceptions. Late in the game, though, Buffalo drove down to the Giants 14, then Todd Schlopy kicked a field goal to tie it and force overtime. In the OT, McClure (whose college nickname was the GOAT) again drove the Bills down the field, this time to the 10, when Schlopy won it with another field goal. The following week, the strike was over and McClure was released.

Among players who appeared in only one NFL game, McClure's 20 completions, 38 attempts and 181 passing yards remain all-time records.

Honors
 MAC Freshman of the Year 1982
 MAC Offensive Player of the Year 1983,1984,1985
 MAC Most Valuable Player 1984,1985
 Sammy Baugh Trophy 1985
 Inducted in the Bowling Green Hall of Fame in 1991

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Ravenna, Ohio
American football quarterbacks
Bowling Green Falcons football players
Buffalo Bills players
National Football League replacement players

Brian McClure


The Golden Gloves is the name given to competitions held every year for amateur boxing in the United States. The Golden Gloves is often the term used to refer to the National Golden Gloves competition, but it can also mean a few other amateur tournaments, including regional golden gloves tournaments and other notable tournaments such as the Intercity Golden Gloves, the Chicago Golden Gloves, and the New York Golden Gloves.

The Golden Gloves are open to all non-professional boxers age 16 and over. There is also a Silver Gloves amateur tournament, which is for young amateur male boxers age 8 to 15 years old.

Golden Gloves

Golden Gloves


The  was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call-sign was the . The 23rd Division was formed in Kumamoto on 4 April 1938, on the same day as 15th, 17th, 21st and 22nd divisions, as part of the military build-up following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The first divisional commander was Michitarō Komatsubara.

Action

Battle of Khalkhin Gol

Upon formation, the 23rd Division was almost immediately sent to the Northern frontier of Manchukuo, where it replaced a cavalry brigade on garrison duties in Hailar (in what is now part of Inner Mongolia). The 23rd Division was thus the primary Japanese division involved in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol against the Red Army of the Soviet Union, from 11 May to September 1939. The 23rd Division had engaged Soviet forces by progressively increasing detachments, first by its reconnaissance regiment (which was promptly lost and reformed) and then by 64th Infantry Regiment, which was also defeated and forced to retreat. A counter-attack 4 July 1939 also failed, causing additional losses, including the divisional chief-of-staff. On 4 August 1939, the 23rd Division was subordinated to the 6th Army as the border conflict continued to escalate. The 23rd Division was nearly annihilated in an encirclement following a Soviet attack on 20 August 1939. Infantry regiments ceased to exist as fighting units by 29 August 1939, when all regimental commanders were killed. During the battle, the 23rd Division suffered a total of 11,958 men killed, about 80 percent of its combat strength. Notably, the only divisional sub-unit not suffering crippling casualties was the reconnaissance regiment, which was able to break out of the Soviet encirclement. General Michitaro Komatsubara was recalled to Japan in disgrace.

Pacific War

The remnants of the 23rd Division returned to Japan, and were assigned to assist the No.8 Border Defence Force (the future 119th division) in 1940. Gradually, the division was re-formed as an exemplary Mechanized infantry division. In 1944, by then back up to strength, the 23rd Division was reassigned to garrison duties in Taiwan, with most of vehicles and heavy equipment left behind for the 119th Division.

With the situation in the Philippines against the United States in the Pacific War becoming ever more precarious, the 23rd Division was reassigned to Luzon. While en route, under control of the Japanese 14th Area Army, it suffered heavy losses when Convoy HI-81 was attacked in mid-November 1944. The division arrived just in time to engage in combat against the Americans during the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf. At this battle and in subsequent combat against the combined American and Philippine Commonwealth armed forces, during the Battle of Luzon to March 1945, the 23rd Division suffered 24,508 killed in combat out of a total strength of 29,636 men. By March, the division had run out of food, which resulted in mass starvation. The 23rd Division ceased to exist after the Battle of Luzon, and survivors had retreated to Bokod by the time of the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945.

See also
 List of Japanese Infantry Divisions

Citations

References

 This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia page 第23師団 (日本軍), accessed 7 March 2016.

Japanese World War II divisions
Infantry divisions of Japan
Military units and formations established in 1938
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1938 establishments in Japan
1945 disestablishments in Japan

23rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)


Megacerops ("large-horned face", from méga- "large" + kéras "horn" + ōps "face") is an extinct genus of the prehistoric odd-toed ungulate (hoofed mammal) family Brontotheriidae, an extinct group of rhinoceros-like browsers related to horses. It was endemic to North America during the Late Eocene epoch (38–33.9 mya), existing for approximately .

Taxonomy
Megacerops was named by Leidy (1870). Its type species is Megacerops coloradensis. It was synonymized subjectively with Menodus by Clark and Beerbower (1967). It was assigned to Brontotheriidae by Leidy (1870), Carroll (1988), Mader (1989), and Mader (1998).

According to Mihlbachler and others, Megacerops includes the species of the genera Menodus, Brontotherium, Brontops, Menops, Ateleodon, and Oreinotherium.

Description

All of the species had a pair of blunt horns on their snout (the size varying between species), with the horns of males being much larger than those of the females. This could indicate that they were social animals which butted heads for breeding privileges.

Despite resembling the rhinoceros, it was larger than any living rhinoceros: the living animal easily approached the size of the African forest elephant, the third-largest land animal today. It stood about  tall at the shoulders with an overall length(including tail) of .  Its skull reached  in greatest length, with some specimens possessing substantial canines, up to 70 mm long. Megacerops resembled a large rhinoceros, possessing blunt Y-shaped horn-like protrusions on its nose up to 43 cm in length. Its mass is estimated to be in the range of

The dorsal vertebrae above the shoulders had extra long spines to support the huge neck muscles needed to carry the heavy skull. The shape of its teeth suggests that it preferred food such as soft stems and leaves, rather than tough vegetation. It may have had fleshy lips and a long tongue for carefully selecting food.

Paleobiology

The skeleton of an adult male was found with partially healed rib fractures, which supports the theory that males used their 'horns' to fight each other. No creature living in Megacerops time and area except another Megacerops could have inflicted such an injury. The breathing movements prevented the fractures from completely healing. The adults may have also used their horns to defend themselves and their calves from predators, such as hyaenodonts, entelodonts, Bathornis or nimravids.

Distribution
Fossils were uncovered in the northern plains states. Life-sized models of Megacerops families (a male, female, and juvenile) are displayed at the James E. Martin Paleontological Research Laboratory, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, and a different set at the Canadian Museum of Nature.

Many remains have been found in South Dakota and Nebraska. In the past, specimens exposed by severe rainstorms were found by Native Americans of the Sioux tribes. The Sioux called them "thunder beasts", a name preserved in the ancient Greek translation (bronto-, thunder; therion, beast). Many of the skeletons found by the Sioux belonged to herds which were killed by volcanic eruptions of the Rocky Mountains, which were volcanically active at the time.

See also

References

External links
Fast evolution of Megacerops after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, 12 May 2023, Live Science

Brontotheres
White River Fauna
Eocene mammals of North America
Eocene odd-toed ungulates
Priabonian genus extinctions
Fossil taxa described in 1870
Taxa named by Joseph Leidy

Megacerops


Neil Megson (born 27 July 1962) is a soccer coach and former player who coaches youth soccer. A midfielder, he played two seasons in the North American Soccer League, nine in Major Indoor Soccer League, one in the Continental Indoor Soccer League and six in the USL First Division and its predecessors. He served as head coach to the Seattle Sounders for five seasons, winning the 1995 A-League championship and being named the 2000 USL Coach of the Year. Born in England, he earned two caps with the U.S. national team in 1988. He is the brother of former West Bromwich Albion and Sheffield Wednesday manager Gary Megson.

Playing career

Youth
Megson was born in Manchester, England. His father, Don, played for English clubs Sheffield Wednesday and Bristol Rovers from 1959 to 1972. He then coached the Rovers for five years before moving to the United States to coach the Portland Timbers of the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 1977. Megson played with the Frampton Rangers Youth Academy before joining Bristol Rovers F.C. as an apprentice when he was fourteen. He was sixteen when his father moved their family to Portland. On arriving in Oregon, Megson attended Lake Oswego High School, becoming an outstanding prep player. He was named the Oregon Player of the Year his senior year. Megson's family returned to England, but he elected to remain in the U.S. After high school, he attended a local community college for a year.

Professional
In 1983, the Seattle Sounders of the NASL signed Megson. He saw time in fourteen games, but the Sounders folded at the end of the 1983 season and Megson moved to the Tulsa Roughnecks for the 1984 NASL season. The Roughnecks and the NASL folded at the end of the season. By the time the NASL had folded, Megson was firmly established as an indoor player with the Tacoma Stars of Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). He had signed with the Stars as the team's first player in the summer of 1983 and had played his first season in Tacoma during the 1983–84 NASL off season. He remained with the Stars until the team folded at the end of the 1991–92 season. In 1988, he had played with the Calgary Kickers. Following the collapse of the Stars, Megson played a single season with the Portland Pride of the Continental Indoor Soccer League in 1993. In 1994, a new Seattle Sounders team was formed, this time in the American Professional Soccer League (APSL). Megson signed with the team as a free agent in March 1994 and spent most of his years with the team playing sweeper. In 1995, the Sounders won the A-League championship. In March 1996, Megson took on the duties of coach, as well as player, with the Sounders. In that role, he led the team to the 1996 A-League title. In August and then again in October of that year, he suffered several injuries which put him out of play for several months. Megson continued to play with the team through the 1998 season. In 1999, he became the team's dedicated coach.

International
Megson earned his first of two caps with the U.S. national team in a 1–1 tie with Chile on 1 June 1988. He came on for Bernie James who replaced Megson as head coach of the Sounders after Megson was fired. Megson's second cap came two days later in a 3–1 loss to Chile. He started the game, then came off for Chris Sullivan.

Coaching career
While playing with the Portland Pride in 1993, Megson also served as an assistant coach. When he moved to the Sounders in 1994, he served as both an assistant coach and player under Alan Hinton. On 3 March 1996, the Sounders elevated Megson from player to player-coach after the team fired Hinton. On 28 September 2000 he was named the USL A-League Coach of the Year.

In 2003, Olympic College hired Megson to establish the school's men's and women's soccer teams. He coached the women's team's first season in 2004. In 2004, he became the Coaching Director of the WestSound Football Club and remained with the club through July 2007. In 2007, Megson rejoined the Sounders club as an assistant with the Sounders Crossfire W-League team. He now coaches several Franklin Pierce Fury teams in Tacoma, Washington.

Non soccer ventures
Over the years, Megson has owned at least two Baskin-Robbins ice cream stores and a hair salon.

See also
List of United States men's international soccer players born outside the United States

References

External links
 1983 Stats
 Crossfire Premier SC bio
 Megson dynasty
 1995 Sounders bio
 NASL/MISL stats

1962 births
Living people
American Professional Soccer League players
American soccer coaches
Canadian Soccer League (1987–1992) players
Continental Indoor Soccer League players
English emigrants to the United States
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Footballers from Manchester
Portland Pride players
Seattle Sounders (1994–2008) players
Seattle Sounders (1994–2008) coaches
Seattle Sounders (1974–1983) players
Tacoma Stars players
Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984) players
United States men's international soccer players
Lake Oswego High School alumni
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
American expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Men's association football midfielders
College men's soccer coaches in the United States
College women's soccer coaches in the United States
Calgary Kickers players

Neil Megson (soccer)


Phenoxybenzamine (PBZ, marketed under the trade names Dibenzyline and Dibenyline) is a non-selective, irreversible alpha blocker.

Uses
It is used in the treatment of hypertension, and specifically that caused by pheochromocytoma. It has a slower onset and a longer-lasting effect compared with other alpha blockers.

It was also the first alpha blocker to be used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, although it is currently seldom used for that indication due to unfavourable side effects.

It has been used in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

It is also used in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 due to its antiadrenergic effects. It has shown to be beneficial if used in the first 3 months of the CRPS diagnosis.

Investigational
Phenoxybenzamine has long been known to block ejaculation without affecting semen quality or ability to achieve orgasm, which could make it an effective male contraceptive. This effect is completely reversible, and is believed to be the result of alpha-1 adrenoceptor blockade in the longitudinal muscles of the vas deferens. A dose of 20 mg/day results in aspermia due to reversible paralyzing effects on the vas deferens, ampulla, and ejaculatory ducts. Due to these actions, phenoxybenzamine is also useful for the treatment of premature ejaculation in men.

Pharmacology
Phenoxybenzamine is used as an anti-hypertensive due to its efficacy in reducing the vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Phenoxybenzamine forms a permanent covalent bond with adrenergic receptors.  Based on known information about the structures of these receptors, it likely involves attack by the cysteine at position 3.36 in transmembrane helix 3 to form a stable linkage. Thus, it remains permanently bound to the receptor, preventing adrenaline and noradrenaline from binding. This causes vasodilation in blood vessels, due to its antagonistic effect at the alpha-1 adrenoceptor found in the walls of blood vessels, resulting in a drop in blood pressure. A side effect of phenoxybenzamine is reflex tachycardia.

As a non-selective alpha receptor antagonist, it will also affect both the postsynaptic alpha-1 and presynaptic alpha-2 receptors in the nervous system, and so reduce sympathetic activity. This results in further vasodilation, pupil constriction, an increase in GI tract motility and secretions, and glycogen synthesis.

Clinically, non-selective alpha antagonists block alpha receptors (but do not differentiate between alpha-1 and alpha-2). They are used as antihypertensives because they block alpha-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. The block on alpha-2 receptors further potentiates beta-effects, increasing cardiac output.

Phenoxybenzamine has a long-lasting action, binding covalently to the alpha receptors. Its only current clinical use is in preparing patients with pheochromocytoma for surgery; its irreversible antagonism and the resultant depression in the maximum of the agonist dose-response curve are desirable in a situation where surgical manipulation of the tumour may release a large bolus of pressor amine into the circulation. Typically, phenoxybenzamine is not used in the long term, as new receptors are made to upregulate alpha stimulation. The main limiting side-effects of alpha antagonists is that the baroreceptor reflex is disrupted and thus this can cause postural hypotension.

Phenoxybenzamine also has irreversible antagonist/weak partial agonist properties at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Due to its 5-HT2A receptor antagonism, phenoxybenzamine is useful in the treatment of carcinoid tumor, a neoplasm that secretes large amounts of serotonin and causes diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and flushing.

Stereoisomerism
Phenoxybenzamine contains a stereocenter, so there are two enantiomers, the (R)- and the (S)-forms. All commercial preparations contain the drug as racemate.

See also
 Ketanserin
 Pindobind
 Phentolamine

References

External links

5-HT2A antagonists
Alkylating agents
Alpha-1 blockers
Alpha-2 blockers
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Irreversible antagonists
Organochlorides
Phenol ethers
Nitrogen mustards

Phenoxybenzamine


William Conolly (9 April 1662 – 30 October 1729), also known as Speaker Conolly, was an Irish Whig politician, Commissioner of Revenue, lawyer and landowner. He was an influential figure in Irish politics, serving as Speaker of the Irish House of Commons between 1715 and his death.

Career
William Conolly was born the son of an inn-keeper, Patrick Conolly, in Ballyshannon, County Donegal. Patrick Conolly was a native of County Monaghan, and a descendant of the Ó Conghalaigh clan of Airgíalla. Patrick settled in County Donegal, embraced the Anglican Church, and had children William, Patrick, Hugh, Phelim and Thady. He set aside enough money that he was able to send William to Dublin to study law. William Conolly qualified as an attorney in 1685, aged twenty-three.

He practised as a lawyer in Dublin and in 1694 he married Katherine Conyngham, daughter of General Sir Albert Conyngham. The Conynghams were an Ulster Scots family who were originally from Mountcharles (pronounced 'Mount-char-liss') in County Donegal. The family later settled at Slane Castle in County Meath in the 1780s, where the Conynghams still reside. They had no children, and on Katherine's death in 1752 the estates were inherited by William James Conolly, his nephew by his brother Patrick.

He made his fortune from land transfers, following the confiscations by the Crown of lands belonging to supporters of King James II, in the wake of the Glorious Revolution and the accession of William III and Mary II in 1688–91, known as the "Williamite War in Ireland". About 600,000 Irish acres were confiscated to be sold to pay for the costs of the war, (equivalent to 972,000 statute acres), nearly 5% of the land area of Ireland. Conolly was the largest individual buyer, in particular buying 3,300 acres in County Meath that had been assigned to the Earl of Albemarle.

He built the first winged Palladian house in Ireland, Castletown House in Celbridge, County Kildare, starting in 1722, and specified that every part of it had to be made from Irish materials. His Dublin town house was on Capel Street, then the most fashionable part of the city. He also commissioned the Old Custom House and the Irish Houses of Parliament, the world's first building specifically designed as a bicameral parliament.

Conolly was the most important of the "Undertakers", the managers of Government business in the Irish House of Commons, in the early 18th century. He was associated with the moderate faction of Whigs and was opposed by the Brodrick faction from Cork. He was a Member of Parliament for Donegal Borough from 1692 to 1703 and subsequently for County Londonderry until his death in 1729. In 1703 and 1713, he was also elected for Newtown Limavady and in 1727 for Ballyshannon, but chose each time not to sit.

He was Speaker of the Irish House of Commons and a Commissioner of the Revenue from 1715 to his death in 1729. His name was spelt "Conolly", rather than the more familiar Connolly, deriving ultimately from the Gaelic surname "O Conghaile".

On his death, Archbishop Boulter estimated Conolly's income in 1729 at £17,000 p.a. His widow Katherine continued to live in style at Castletown until her death in 1752. She built the Wonderful Barn and the Conolly Folly in the 1740s. Then their estates passed briefly to William's nephew William junior, and then on to his great-nephew Tom Conolly M.P., known as "Squire Tom", who was married to Lady Louisa Conolly.

A pub in Celbridge, "The Speaker's Bar", was named in his memory. There is also a pub in Firhouse, Dublin, called "The Speaker Conolly" named after him.

Wealth

Conolly was reputed to be the wealthiest man in Ireland at the date of his death. He paid £32,000 and an annuity of £500 p.a., for his 30,586-acre estate at his birthplace in Ballyshannon, County Donegal, in 1718; £62,000 for his 10,360-acre estate in Rathfarnham, County Dublin, in 1723; and £12,000 for 809 acres including Leixlip, County Kildare, in 1728, together with other properties in Dublin. His 2,300-acre property at Celbridge was bought in 1709 from Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick.

By his death he owned 148,487 acres that yielded a gross income of £14,926 p.a.

The Conolly residence "Cliff House" on the banks of the River Erne between Belleek, County Fermanagh and Ballyshannon County Donegal was demolished as part of the Erne Hydroelectric scheme, which constructed the Cliff and Cathleen's Fall hydroelectric power stations. Cliff hydroelectric power station was constructed on the site of "Cliff House" and was commissioned in 1950.

References

 Boylan, Lena, The Conollys of Castletown: A Family History, Irish Georgian Society Bulletin, Vol X!.4, Oct – Dec 1968.
 Malcomson A.P.W.; Nathaniel Clements, Government and the Governing Elite in Ireland, 1725–1775, 4 Courts Press,2005,
 Wilson, Rachel, Elite Women in Ascendancy Ireland, 1690-1745: Imitation and Innovation (Boydell and Brewer, Woodbridge, 2015).
 Nelson D. Lankford, ed., An Irishman in Dixie: Thomas Conolly's Diary of the Fall of the Confederacy, University of South Carolina Press, 1988

External links
 http://www.turtlebunbury.com/history/history_family/hist_family_conolly.html

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1662 births
1729 deaths
Irish MPs 1692–1693
Irish MPs 1695–1699
Irish MPs 1703–1713
Irish MPs 1713–1714
Irish MPs 1715–1727
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Speakers of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
People from Ballyshannon
Politicians from County Dublin
Politicians from County Donegal
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Donegal constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Londonderry constituencies
Whig (British political party) politicians

William Conolly