The 1964 AFL Championship Game was the American Football League's fifth championship game, played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York, on Saturday, December 26.

The Buffalo Bills (12–2) of the Eastern Division hosted the defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers (8–5–1) of the Western Division. The two had met twice in the regular season and the Bills won both, most recently by three points in San Diego a month earlier on Thanksgiving Day. Hall of fame wide receiver Lance Alworth of the Chargers was injured in the final regular season game (left knee hyperextension) and did not play. The Chargers had lost three of their last four games to end the regular season, and the Bills were slight favorites to win the title at home; with Alworth out they became strong favorites.

Game summary
San Diego opened the game with an 80-yard drive in four plays, but it was their only score as the Bills won 20–7 for their first league championship. Combined with the next season, the Bills' consecutive AFL titles are the only two championships ever won by a major league team based in Buffalo.

One of the game's most iconic plays was one known as the "hit heard 'round the world," when Bills linebacker Mike Stratton laid a particularly hard hit on Chargers running back Keith Lincoln that broke a rib and forced him out of the game midway through the first quarter. Lincoln had over 330 yards of offense in the previous year's title game and had already rushed for 47 yards, caught a pass for 11 yards, and kicked an extra point (as the reserve placekicker) in the first 6½ minutes. Without Lincoln and Alworth, the San Diego offensive attack was severely hindered.

Bills' fullback Cookie Gilchrist rushed for 122 yards on sixteen carries, while quarterback Jack Kemp completed ten of twenty passes for 188 yards and scored a fourth quarter touchdown on a sneak. Rookie kicker Pete Gogolak added two field goals in the first half.  War Memorial Stadium was filled with a sellout attendance of 40,242.

Aftermath
It was the final game for Chargers quarterback Tobin Rote, who had led the Detroit Lions to the NFL title seven years earlier in 1957 and the Chargers to the AFL crown in 1963. He was replaced in the game by John Hadl, who had played most of the regular season.

The 1964 AFL championship game was the penultimate pro football championship game played in Buffalo (the Bills hosted again in 1966, but lost in their attempt for a third consecutive AFL crown). Held six days after the completion of the 1964 regular season, it was the only AFL title game not played on Sunday, as well as the final one televised in black-and-white. The NFL's championship game was played the following day on Sunday, December 27.

This was the last AFL game on ABC television; rights were sold in January 1964 to NBC for $36 million over five years, beginning with the 1965 season. This infusion of cash helped spur a bidding war for talent with the NFL, which led to the AFL–NFL merger agreement in June 1966. With the exception of the 1966 Continental Football League championship, ABC did not carry pro football again until after the completion of the merger and the subsequent creation of Monday Night Football for the  season.

Players' shares
The winning Bills split their players' shares for the title game 43 ways for $2,668 each, while the Chargers split theirs into 44 shares for $1,738 each. These shares were about one-third of those for the NFL title game in 1964, at $8,000 and $5,000 each. With the new television deal with NBC, the players' shares for the AFL title game nearly doubled in 1965.

See also
1964 AFL season
AFL Championship Games
1964 NFL Championship Game

References

1964
Buffalo Bills postseason
San Diego Chargers postseason
Championship Game
American football in Buffalo, New York
American Football League Championship Game
American Football League Championship Game
American football competitions in New York (state)

1964 American Football League Championship Game


For other organizations with a similar name, see Workingmen's Party (disambiguation).
The Working Men's Party in New York  was a political party founded in April 1829 in New York City. After a promising debut in the fall election of 1829, in which one of the party's candidates was elected to the New York State Assembly, the party rapidly disintegrated into factionalism and discord, vanishing from the scene in 1831.

The New York Working Men's Party was one of a number of short-lived independent workingmen's parties which simultaneously emerged in Philadelphia, Boston, and many other urban centers of the United States during the period 1828 to 1832.

History

Background

In the late 1820s, corruption was rampant in the municipal administration of New York City. Public services like street lighting, were rendered by friends of the politicians who got monopolies for almost no payment to the city. "Charter dealers", among them Samuel B. Romaine,  bribed assemblymen in Albany to get a large number of banks chartered. These banks issued their own currency with which working men were paid but which was not well accepted by the commerce, and devaluated quickly. Contractors built houses, but did not pay the workers after delivering the house, without consequences.

A reform movement had also emerged, with the organized agitation of the trade unions of New York City leading to the adoption on a citywide basis of the 10-hour working day, replacing the former 11-hour standard.

In an effort to avert a return to the longer working day, a mass meeting of "mechanics and others" was held on April 23, 1829. The mass meeting passed a resolution promising not to work past the current "just and reasonable" 10 hour standard and indicating that the names of violators of this restriction would have their names published in the press as enemies of labor. A strike fund was also collected.

An organizational meeting followed on April 28, at which a so-called Committee of Fifty elected to coordinate what was believed to be a forthcoming strike action.

Convention

This strike was not to be, however, as the city's employers abruptly ended their plan to impose an extension of the working day. This capitulation did not end the Committee of Fifty, however, with the erstwhile strike committee instead submitting a report late in the summer of 1829 calling for establishment of a political party of the workers to contest the forthcoming fall elections.

This report was accepted by another mass meeting and the New York Working Men's Party was born, following the precedent established the previous year by the organized labor movement of Philadelphia.

Chief among Committee of Fifty was a 39-year old machinist named Thomas E. Skidmore (1790-1832), who authored most of the group's resolutions for the electoral campaign. Skidmore also presided over a convention held at Military Hall in New York City on October 19, 1829,  at which a set of resolutions, largely authored by Skidmore, was passed.

The party program of 1829 called for the grant of 160 acres of land to every man and to every unmarried woman over age 21, to be held perpetually until the owner's death. All land holdings in excess of 160 acres were to be confiscated by the government for redistribution, according to the Skidmore-authored party resolution. The party also adopted resolutions against the hereditary transmission of wealth and against exclusive privileges and monopolies. Bankers were denounced as "the greatest knaves, impostors and paupers of the age." The program also called for a program of communal education of children, a plank favored by one of the secretaries of the Working Men's Party, Robert Dale Owen (1801-1877), son of the utopian communalist pioneer Robert Owen.

The new party named a slate of candidates for the November elections, including representatives of a variety of trades for seats in the New York State Assembly. The new party engaged in political fusion with organizes seeking to defeat Tammany Hall in races for the New York State Senate.

At the end of October 1829 a weekly newspaper was launched in support of the new labor political movement, the Working Man's Advocate, published by the English-born George Henry Evans (1805-1856), a self-described "mechanic."

Election of 1829

The Working Men's Party put forward a full slate of candidates for the New York State Assembly in the November election of 1829. These included a number of working men from the bench, including two machinists, two carpenters, a cooper, a printer, a painter, and a silversmith, among others.

On a very short timetable between its formation, nomination of candidates, and the fall election, the candidates of the Working Men's Party performed acceptably well in a three-way race with the Democratic Party dominated by Tammany Hall and the National Republicans. Final results showed the Tammany Democrats winning 8 of 11 contested legislative seats, the National Republicans winning 2, and one candidate of the Working Men's Party emerging victorious — Ebenezer Ford, President of the Journeymen Carpenters Society.

In the simultaneous elections for citywide office, the Working Men's Party received about 6,000 votes to Tammany Hall's 11,000, helping to stymie Tammany from gaining an outright majority in the Common Council.

Reaction

The emergence of the fledgling organized workers' movement in the electoral process represented a threat to the leaders of the established political parties, who attempted to appropriate for themselves some of the reform measures garnering broad popular support.

In January 1830, a bill for the better security of mechanics and other laborers of New York City was introduced in the State Assembly by Silas M. Stilwell. The Tammany men immediately took it up as if it were their own, voted for it, and secured the credit of its adoption, when it became a law. Among other things, it required, under penalties, the owner of a building to retain from the contractor the amount to be paid to the workers.

Factionalism

Although Thomas Skidmore had managed to push some of his favored ideas calling for a redistribution of property into the 1829 platform of the Working Men's Party, his ideas were regarded by primary rival Robert Dale Owen as "crude and impractical" and his personal political style reckoned as "somewhat overbearing and dictatorial." Only a minority supported Skidmore's radical ideas about expropriating and evenly dividing property, a minority favored the education-based humanitarian appeal of Owen, Wright, and Evans.

As the year 1829 drew to a close, a meeting of "mechanics and other workingmen" was held in New York City on December 29 to set the future policy of the party. The meeting was chaired by prominent local politician and Skidmore foe Henry G. Guyon, who refused to allow Skidmore to speak. When Skidmore attempted to address the meeting without official sanction, he was howled down. Skidmore's agrarianism-oriented program was defeated and the communal education policies given primacy in the revised Working Men's Party program, with class differentiation and the denial of political liberty to working people directly connected to the current pedagogical model.

Denied access to the floor at the December 29, 1829, meeting and thereby effectively "read out" of the party, Thomas Skidmore and his co-thinkers called a preparatory meeting soon thereafter, with a formal organizational meeting for a new political organization following on February 23, 1830. About 40 party adherents were in attendance to hear a long argument between Skidmore and Working Man's Advocate publisher Evans in which Skidmore charged that the official party had come to be dominated by the wealthy, while Evans accused Skidmore of having made himself "obnoxious to the great body of workingmen."

A May 19, 1830, meeting of the 70-member General Executive Committee of the Working Men's Party dealt a blow both to the Skidmore and Owen-Evans factions, however, granting to party members "the free enjoyment of their own private opinions on all subjects" while simultaneously asserting "never to support any attempt to palm upon any man, or set of men, the peculiar doctrines of infidelity, agrarianism or sectarian principles," dismissing both the equal distribution of property and communal boarding and clothing of children in favor of maintenance of the traditional family unit. This was followed by another meeting one week later, at which the majority belong to the Owen-Evans group. Those dissenting from the communal boarding school educational model were expelled. The Working Men's Party was thereby formally split.

Evans editorialized upon the situation in the pages of his Working Man's Advocate, attributing the split to a "deliberate plot that has been lately unmasked" to subvert the Working Men's Party to the cause of electing National Republican orator Henry Clay as President of the United States.

Elections of 1830 and demise

The majority of the Working Men's Party identified as members of the "Clay Workingmen," whether through personal admiration for their banner-bearer, belief in a protective tariff as a fundamental matter of policy, or sheer opportunism in seeking to use the political movement for personal ends. The Owen-Evans Working Men's Party, a minority at the time of the May 1830 split, attempted to persevere with the party's communal education-oriented program and nominated a full ticket for the local election, including an effort to return Ebenezer Ford to the legislative assembly.

The field was joined by Thomas Skidmore's Agrarian Party, which also called itself the "Original Working Men's Party," which nominated a full ticket for state and city office as well, including running Skidmore for United States Congress and his right-hand man, Alexander Ming, Sr., tapped for State Assembly. The party nominated an individual from Orange County for governor, but he declined and no replacement was chosen.

The result of the 1830 election was a crushing blow for the Owens-Evans Working Men's Party and the Skidmore Agrarian Party alike, with the Working Men's candidate for Governor, Ezekiel Williams, winning just 2,332 votes against the nearly 250,000 votes split by the Democratic and National Republican candidates. Tammany Democrats routed the National Republican proxy "Clay Workingmen" in legislative races, with Ebenezer Ford garnering only 2,329 votes in his losing bid for re-election, barely more than a third of his 1829 total.

With the majority of its adherents absorbed into mainstream politics and no radicals elected, the Working Men's Party movement quickly expired. There is anecdotal evidence that it continue to exist into the early part of 1831 but all traces of its existence vanish from the historical record by the time of the 1831 New York City elections. The party was the progenitor, to some extent, of the Locofocos.

See also

 Working Men's Party (Philadelphia)

Footnotes

Further reading

 Hobart Berrien, A Brief Sketch of the Origin and Rise of the Working Men's Party in the City of New York. Washington, n.d.
 Frank T. Carlton, "The Workingmen's Party of New York City: 1829-1831," Political Science Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 3 (Sept. 1907), pp. 401–415.
 George Henry Evans, "History of the Origin and Progress of the Working Men's Party in New York," The Radical, 1842–1843.
 Nathan Fine, Labor and Farmer Parties in the United States, 1828-1928. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1928.
 Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States: Volume 1: From Colonial Times to the Founding of the American Federation of Labor. New York: International Publishers, 1947.
 Amos Gilbert, "A Sketch of the Life of Thomas Skidmore," Free Enquirer, March 30, April 6, April 13, 1834.
 Joshua R. Greenberg, Advocating The Man: Masculinity, Organized Labor, and the Household in New York, 1800-1840. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.
 Walter Hugins, Jacksonian Democracy and the Working Class: A Study of the New York Workingmen's Movement, 1829-1837. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
 Whitman, Alden. Labor Parties: 1827-1834. New York: International Publishers. 1943.
 Robert Dale Owen, Threading My Way: Twenty-seven Years of Autobiography. New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., 1874.
 Edward Pessen, Most Uncommon Jacksonians: The Radical Leaders of the Early Labor Movement. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1967.
 Edward Pessen, "Thomas Skidmore, Agrarian Reformer in the Early American Labor Movement," New York History, vol. 35, no. 3 (July 1954),  pp. 280–296. In JSTOR
 Seymour Savetsky, The New York Working Men's Party. Master's thesis. Columbia University, 1948.
 Helen L. Sumner, "Citizenship (1827-1833), in John R. Commons, et al., History of Labour in the United States: Volume 1. New York: Macmillan, 1918; pp. 167–332.
 Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Defunct socialist parties in the United States
Defunct organizations based in New York City
Regional and state political parties in New York (state)
Political history of New York (state)
1829 in New York (state)
1830 in New York (state)
1831 in New York (state)
Organizations established in 1829
Organizations disestablished in 1831
1829 establishments in New York (state)
1831 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct political parties in the United States
19th century in New York City
Political parties established in the 1820s
Political parties disestablished in the 1830s
Owenism

Working Men's Party (New York)


John Martin (8 September 1812 – 29 March 1875) was an Irish nationalist activist who shifted from early militant support for Young Ireland and Repeal, to non-violent alternatives such as support for tenant farmers' rights and eventually as the first Home Rule MP, for Meath 1871–1875.

Early life and family
John Martin was born into a landed Presbyterian family, the son of Samuel and Jane (née Harshaw) Martin, in Newry, County Down. He first met John Mitchel while attending Dr Henderson's private school in Newry. He received an Arts degree at Trinity College, Dublin in 1832 and proceeded to study medicine, but had to abandon this in 1835 when his uncle died and he had to return to manage the family landholding.

In 1847 he was moved by the Famine to join Mitchel in the Repeal Association but subsequently left it with Mitchel. He contributed to Mitchel's journal The United Irishman, and then following Mitchel's arrest on 27 May 1848, Martin continued with his own anti-British journal, The Irish Felon, and established "The Felon Club". This led to a warrant for his arrest, and he turned himself in on 8 July 1848. Martin was sentenced on 18 August 1848 to 10 years transportation to Van Diemen's Land.

Henrietta Mitchel
Martin married Henrietta Mitchel on 25 November 1868 after 20 years of courtship. She was the youngest sister of John Mitchel. She shared her husband's politics, and after his death campaigned for home rule believing this to be a continuation of the Young Ireland mandate. After the split in the party, she sided with Charles Stewart Parnell. She died at her home in Dublin on 11 July 1913, and is buried in Newry.

Van Diemen's Land and exile
Martin arrived on the Elphinstone with Kevin Izod O'Doherty in Hobart, Tasmania, in November 1849. He accepted a "ticket of leave" which allowed him to live in relative freedom at Bothwell, provided he promised not to escape.

While in Tasmania, Martin continued to meet in secret with his fellow exiles Kevin Izod O'Doherty, Thomas Francis Meagher, William Smith O'Brien, and John Mitchel. He and Mitchel lived together before the arrival of Mitchel's wife, Jenny.  He chose not to join Mitchel when Mitchel revoked his ticket of leave and escaped. Instead he remained in Tasmania until he was granted a "conditional pardon" in 1854. This allowed him to leave for Paris, and he returned to Ireland on being granted a full pardon in 1856.

Later life and Parliament
On return to Ireland Martin became a national organiser for the Tenant Right League. He began to write for The Nation in 1860. He formed the National League with others in January 1864 – it was mainly an educational organisation but Fenians disrupted its meetings. He remained in contact with Mitchel in Paris through 1866. Martin opposed the Fenians' support of armed violence, yet, together with A M Sullivan, in December 1867 he headed the symbolic funeral march honouring the Manchester Martyrs as it followed the MacManus route to Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin. He was briefly arrested for these activities but the charges were dropped.

Martin was in the United States in December 1869 when he was nominated by Isaac Butt and his nationalists as the Irish nationalist Home Rule candidate to oppose Greville-Nugent, who was supported by the Catholic clergy, in the Longford by-election. Greville-Nugent initially won the vote but the result was nullified by Judge Fitzgerald on the grounds that voters had been illegally influenced (i.e. bribed and/or coerced) in the non-secret voting process. In the May 1870 re-run, Butt's second candidate, Edward Robert King-Harman—like Martin a Protestant landlord—was also defeated, but this time legally.

These contradictions and factionalism were symptomatic of the struggle for influence and leadership at the time between the waning Church of Ireland and the rising Irish Catholic Church; secular Protestant and Catholic organisations with differing social bases and attitudes to violence; between those who wished to challenge and maintain the sociopolitical status quo; constitutional reform versus revolution; elite versus grassroots movements; landowners versus tenants; Home Rule versus Repeal. Hence a secular Protestant land-owning non-violent elite reformist nationalist who desired Home Rule like Martin, could find himself both sympathetic to and at odds with a militant organisation like the Fenians with their Jacobin- and American-influenced ideas of revolutionary republicanism and different social roots. Until Parnell, the Isaac Butt-originated Home Rule forces could not obtain the support of the Catholic Church under the anti-Fenian Cardinal Paul Cullen or manage to achieve more than short-term tactical alliances with Fenians, leading to a split and uncoordinated opposition to British rule. Protestants such as Martin and John Mitchel, with their early political roots in Young Ireland, were, whatever their political ideals, not part of the majority Catholic mainstream, which consisted largely of tenants rather than landlords.

In the January 1871 by-election, Martin was elected by a margin of 2–1 to the seat of County Meath in the British parliament as the first Home Rule MP, representing first Isaac Butt's Home Government Association and from November 1873 the Home Rule League. This was unusual for a Protestant in a Catholic constituency, and is a measure of the popular esteem Martin was held in. He retained his seat in the February 1874 general election as one of 60 Home Rule members. He was commonly known as "Honest John Martin".  In parliament Martin spoke strongly for Home Rule for Ireland and opposed Coercion Bills. He died in Newry, County Down, in March 1875, homeless and in relative poverty, having forgiven tenant fees during preceding years of inflation and low farm prices.

Martin's parliamentary seat of County Meath was taken up by Charles Stewart Parnell.

Quotes
John Martin's statement from the dock before sentencing on 19 August 1848.
"Then, my lords, permit me to say, that admitting the narrow and confined constitutional doctrines, which I have heard preached in this court, to be right, I am not guilty of the charge according to this Act! In the article of mine, on which the jury framed their verdict, which was written in prison, and published in the last number of my paper, what I desired to do was this, to advise and encourage my countrymen to keep their arms; because that is their inalienable right, which no Act of Parliament, no proclamation can take away from them. It is, I repeat, their inalienable right. I advised them to keep their arms; and further, I advised them to use their arms in their own defence against all assailants – even assailants that might come to attack them unconstitutionally and improperly, using the Queen's name as their sanction.

"My object in all my proceeding has been simply to establish the independence of Ireland for the benefit of all the people of Ireland – noblemen, clergymen, judges, professional men – in fact, all Irishmen. I sought that object first, because I thought it was our right; because I thought, and think still, national independence was the right of the people of this country. And secondly, I admit, that being a man who loves retirement, I never would have engaged in politics did I not think it necessary to do all in my power to make an end of the horrible scenes the country presents – the pauperism, and starvation, and crime, and vice, and the hatred of all classes against each other. I thought there should be an end to that horrible system, which while it lasted, gave me no peace of mind, for I could not enjoy anything in my country, so long as I saw my countrymen forced to be vicious, forced to hate each other, and degraded to the level of paupers and brutes. This is the reason I engaged in politics".

John Martin's address to the crowd at Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin in honour of the Manchester Martyrs 8 December 1867:-
... "The three bodies that we would tenderly bear to the churchyard, and would bury in consecrated ground with all the solemn rites of religion, are not here. They are away in a foreign and hostile land (hear, hear), where they have been thrown into unconsecrated ground, branded by the triumphant hatred of our enemies as the vile remains of murderers (cries of 'no murderers,' and cheers). Those three men whose memories we are here to-day to honour – Allen, O'Brien, and Larkin – they were not murderers (great cheering). (A Voice – Lord have mercy on them.) Mr. Martin – These men were pious men, virtuous men – they were men who feared God and loved their country. They sorrowed for the sorrows of the dear old native land of their love (hear, hear). They wished, if possible, to save her, and for that love and for that wish they were doomed to an ignominious death at the hands of the British hangman (hear, hear). It was as Irish patriots that these men were doomed to death (cheers)...
... "You will join with me now in repeating the prayer of the three martyrs whom we mourn – 'God Save Ireland!' And all of you, men, women, and boys and girls that are to be men and women of holy Ireland, will ever keep the sentiment of that prayer in your heart of hearts."

See also
List of convicts transported to Australia

Notes

Further reading
Alvin Jackson. Home Rule. An Irish History 1800–2000. Chapters 1–3. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2003.
The Politics of Irish Literature: from Thomas Davis to W.B. Yeats, Malcolm Brown, Allen &  Unwin, 1973.
John Mitchel, A Cause Too Many,	Aidan Hegarty,	Camlane Press.
Thomas Davis, The Thinker and teacher,	Arthur Griffith, M.H. Gill & Son 1922.
Brigadier-General Thomas Francis Meagher His Political and Military Career,Capt. W. F. Lyons, Burns Oates & Washbourne Limited 1869
Young Ireland and 1848,	Dennis Gwynn,	Cork University Press 1949.
Daniel O'Connell The Irish Liberator,	Dennis Gwynn,	Hutchinson & Co, Ltd.
O'Connell Davis and the Colleges Bill,	Dennis Gwynn,	Cork University Press 1948.
Smith O'Brien And The "Secession", Dennis Gwynn,Cork University Press
Meagher of The Sword,	Edited By Arthur Griffith,	M. H. Gill & Son, Ltd. 1916.
Young Irelander Abroad The Diary of Charles Hart, Edited by Brendan O'Cathaoir,	University Press.
John Mitchel First Felon for Ireland, Edited By Brian O'Higgins, Brian O'Higgins 1947.
Rossa's Recollections 1838 to 1898, Intro by Sean O'Luing, The Lyons Press 2004.
Labour in Ireland, James Connolly, Fleet Street 1910.
The Re-Conquest of Ireland, James Connolly,	Fleet Street 1915.
John Mitchel Noted Irish Lives, Louis J. Walsh,	The Talbot Press Ltd 1934.
Thomas Davis: Essays and Poems, Centenary Memoir, M. H Gill, M.H. Gill & Son, Ltd MCMXLV.
Life of John Martin,	P. A. Sillard,	James Duffy & Co., Ltd 1901.
Life of John Mitchel,	P. A. Sillard,	James Duffy and Co., Ltd 1908.
John Mitchel,	P. S. O'Hegarty, Maunsel & Company, Ltd 1917.
The Fenians in Context Irish Politics & Society 1848–82, R. V. Comerford, Wolfhound Press 1998
William Smith O'Brien and the Young Ireland Rebellion of 1848,	Robert Sloan, Four Courts Press 2000
Irish Mitchel,	Seamus MacCall,	Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1938.
Father John Kenyon, The Rebel Priest, Tim Boland, Guardian Press,2011,
Ireland Her Own, T. A. Jackson,	Lawrence & Wishart Ltd 1976.
Life and Times of Daniel O'Connell,	T. C. Luby,	Cameron & Ferguson.
Young Ireland,	T. F. O'Sullivan, The Kerryman Ltd. 1945.
Irish Rebel John Devoy and America's Fight for Irish Freedom, Terry Golway, St. Martin's Griffin 1998.
Paddy's Lament Ireland 1846–1847 Prelude to Hatred,  Thomas Gallagher,	Poolbeg 1994.
The Great Shame, Thomas Keneally, Anchor Books 1999.
James Fintan Lalor, Thomas, P. O'Neill, Golden Publications 2003.
Charles Gavan Duffy: Conversations With Carlyle (1892), with Introduction, Stray Thoughts On Young Ireland, by Brendan Clifford, Athol Books, Belfast, . (Pg. 32 Titled, Foster's account Of Young Ireland.)
Envoi, Taking Leave Of Roy Foster, by Brendan Clifford and Julianne Herlihy, Aubane Historical Society, Cork.
The Falcon Family, or, Young Ireland, by M. W. Savage, London, 1845. (An Gorta Mor)Quinnipiac University

External links

 "John Martin Biography", Newry Journal.
 T. D. Sullivan, Recollections of troubled times in Irish politics, 1905.
 Jenny Marx-Longuet, Articles on the Irish Question, 1870.
 Malcolm Brown, The Politics of Irish Literature. Chapter 15 – The Ballot Box Once More – Isaac Butt.
 P. A. Sillard, The Life and Letters of John Martin, 1893.

1812 births
1875 deaths
People from County Down
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Convicts transported to Australia
Home Rule League MPs
Irish land reform activists
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Meath constituencies (1801–1922)
People from Newry
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
Young Irelanders
19th-century Irish people

John Martin (Young Irelander)


Stephanie Anne Johnson (born 1952) is an American mixed media artist. Many of her works are site-specific, open-air art installation pieces.

Early life and education
Stephanie Anne Johnson was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1952. Her mother, Virginia E. Johnson, was a teacher and social worker who also worked with the American Negro Theater in Harlem, and her father, Dr. Lawrence J. Johnson was a child psychologist in the Bronx.

Johnson attended Emerson College, completing her B.F.A in theatre in 1974. At Emerson she took a class in lighting design. After college, her first jobs were doing lighting design. This led to a 40-year career as a theatrical lighting designer and eventually inspired her work in the visual arts. In the early 1990s she decided to pursue higher education in the Fine Arts and in 1994 she received her M.A. from San Francisco State University. In 1999 she received her M.F.A. from the University of California, Berkeley. Her Doctorate with an emphasis on public policy was conferred by Union Institute & University in 2013. Johnson also performs a solo piece entitled "Every Twenty One Days: Cancer, Yoga, and Me."

A founding faculty member in 1995, Johnson is currently a Professor in the Visual and Public Art Department at California State University, Monterey Bay.

Work
Johnson has principally built her art reputation around public art installations and performance art. Her art frequently focuses on themes about ancestral legacies, historical and cultural dynamics, including enslaved Africans, immigration, gender discrimination and cross racial issues.

Her sculptural installations often employ light to create symbolic images, reveal metaphors, and evoke emotion, putting the skills she acquired as a professional lighting designer to use in her practice as an art maker.
Johnson has had two one person art shows in San Francisco. Her work has been shown locally and nationally, most notably in the "Bearing Witness" exhibition at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia.

Awards, fellowships and residencies

In 1982 Johnson was National Endowment for the Arts grant recipient. In 1995 she completed an 11-month studio residency at the Headlands Center for the Arts.
Johnson has been awarded Lighting Artists in Dance grants. She has been nominated for Excellence in Lighting Design by Theatre Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area Critic's Circle, and Broadway Theatre West.

References

Living people
1952 births
American women artists
African-American women artists
African-American artists
American installation artists
Mixed-media artists
National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
Emerson College alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
California State University, Monterey Bay faculty
American women academics
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

Stephanie Anne Johnson


A Kiss Before Dying is a 1991 American romantic thriller film directed by James Dearden, and based on Ira Levin's 1953 novel of the same name, which won the 1954 Edgar Award for Best First Novel. The drama features Matt Dillon, Sean Young, Max von Sydow, and Diane Ladd. The story had been previously adapted under the same name in 1956.

Plot
A copper refinery owned by Thor Carlsson ships metal on Carlsson Copper trains, watched by a young boy from his home beside the tracks.

Decades later in 1987, during a class at the University of Pennsylvania, Dorothy Carlsson absent-mindedly doodles her wedding. Later, changing into a formal outfit, she runs into her friend Patricia Farren, but denies she is meeting her "mystery man".

Dorothy meets Jonathan Corliss at City Hall. Finding the marriage license bureau closed for lunch, they discuss how Dorothy's father would disown her if he knew what she was doing. Convincing Dorothy to wait on the building's roof, they are seated together on the parapet. At first, Dorothy is hesitant, but Jonathan insists they sit there. Saying "I'm sorry, Dorothy. You have only yourself to blame," Jonathan suddenly pushes her over the edge, taking the expensive cigarette lighter that she had left behind. Her body crashes through the glass skylight, and falls to the marble floor below. Returning downstairs, and after mailing a letter in the lobby, he calmly walks past Dorothy's shattered body as a crowd gathers.

Thor and his daughter Ellen, Dorothy's twin, are shocked to learn Dorothy was pregnant and read what appears to be her suicide note, mailed the day she died. Ellen cannot believe her sister would kill herself. Jonathan returns to his working-class home in Pittsburgh with clippings about the Carlsson family, particularly the suicides of Thor's wife and son. Promising his mother to make something of his life, Jonathan hitchhikes to New York, accepting a ride from Jay Faraday, a bohemian drifter whose parents died on Korean Air Lines Flight 007.

Four months later, Ellen is working at Castle House, a shelter and outreach program. Investigating Dorothy's death, Ellen meets Detective Dan Corelli in Philadelphia. Showing him the drawing Dorothy made of her wedding, dated the day of her death, and noting she died outside the marriage license bureau, Ellen suggests Dorothy was lured with the promise of marriage and killed by a boyfriend, but Corelli dismisses her theory.

Ellen goes to campus, where Patricia reveals Dorothy was dating someone. Ellen finds Dorothy's ex-boyfriend Tommy Roussell, who explains he had a breakdown after his relationship with Dorothy and was out of school when she died. Remembering she then dated another student, Tommy takes Ellen to his apartment to show her the man's yearbook photo. Ellen waits outside, while Jonathan stalks her in his car. Tommy finds Jonathan's photo, but Jonathan strangles him, types a suicide note on Tommy's computer admitting to killing Dorothy, and stages his suicide. Ellen is left convinced that Tommy killed Dorothy.

Ellen returns home to New York, and her boyfriend arrives – Jonathan, who has assumed Jay Faraday's identity. Their relationship develops, working together at Castle House, and "Jay" impresses Thor with his ambition. Ellen and Jay marry, and he joins Carlsson Copper. Intercepting a call from Patricia, who is heading to New York after remembering the identity of Dorothy's boyfriend, Jay arranges for Patricia to wait in her hotel room for a call from Ellen the next day. There, he strangles Patricia, dismembering her in the bathtub and stuffing her corpse in a suitcase before going out on a date with Ellen. After driving her home, he dumps the suitcase in the East River.

A police detective investigating Patricia's disappearance informs Ellen that her name and number were in Patricia's diary. Suspicious, Ellen confirms with Tommy's parents that he was institutionalized at the time of Dorothy's death. Ellen asks Corelli to reopen the investigation, with no results.

At a bar with Ellen, Jay is recognized as Jonathan Corliss by an acquaintance from Philadelphia but insists he is mistaken, eventually hitting him. Unsettled, Ellen digs up a UPenn yearbook and finds a picture of Jonathan. She tracks down Jonathan's mother, who says that Jonathan had committed suicide three years earlier, though his body was never found. Visiting her in the house where he grew up, Ellen learns about his childhood. His mother leaves, and Ellen sneaks inside to search Jonathan's room, finding his suitcase of clippings about her family and her sister's lighter. Jonathan, having followed her, confesses that he killed Faraday and assumed his identity. He schemed to marry into the Carlsson family, but Dorothy's unplanned pregnancy meant she would be disinherited. Jonathan prepares to strangle Ellen, who escapes from the house to the train tracks. Giving chase, Jonathan is run over by a Carlsson train, at the same spot he watched the trains pass as a child.

Cast

 Matt Dillon as Jonathan Corliss
 Sean Young as Ellen/Dorothy Carlsson
 Max von Sydow as Thor Carlsson
 Diane Ladd as Mrs. Corliss
 James Russo as Dan Corelli
 Ben Browder as Tommy Roussell
 Martha Gehman as Patricia Farren
 Jim Fyfe as Terry Dieter
 Lachele Carl as Reporter
 Shane Rimmer as Commissioner Malley
 Adam Horovitz as Jay Faraday

Production
The producers of A Kiss Before Dying wanted River Phoenix to play Jonathan. They approached him several times for the role, and kept increasing their offers, but he didn't feel a connection to the material and felt he was unsuitable to play the part, so he repeatedly turned it down and Matt Dillon was then cast. Diane Lane and Penelope Ann Miller were each considered for the dual roles of Ellen and Dorothy, but both rejected it. Bridget Fonda was originally cast, but quit the production due to scheduling conflicts and Sean Young signed on to replace her.

Locations

The film was primarily shot in Great Britain, with secondary locations in the United States.

British locations include: Port Talbot steelworks, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, (opening sequence at "Abbey Coke Ovens area of Port Talbot Steel works, with Main Pumphouse, cooling tower and water storage towers in the background"); Brocket Hall, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England; Gaddesden Place, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England; Lee International Studios, Shepperton, Surrey, England; and London, England.

United States: Charlottesville, Virginia; New York City; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Distribution
The film opened in wide release on 26 April 1991 in the United States. In England it opened on 14 June 1991.

The box-office receipts were poor. The first week's gross was $4,348,165 and the total receipts for the four-week run were $14,478,720. The film was in wide release for thirty-one days.

In its widest release the film was featured in 1,546 theatres across the country.

Reception

Critical response
Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert praised the direction of the picture and Matt Dillon's work, writing, "This is Matt Dillon's first film since Drugstore Cowboy, and demonstrates again that he is one of the best actors working in movies. He possesses the secret of not giving too much, of not trying so hard that we're distracted by his performance... [and director] Dearden helps it work because he doesn't press his point."

Rolling Stones Peter Travers was not as kind in his review of this film, especially when compared to the 1956 original. He blasts the screenplay and the direction of the film. He wrote: "Though Dearden gets the surface right – the movie looks sleek – he skimps on characterization... [and] Dearden's script fails to provide the raw material that would let him go beyond the stereotype... Dearden merely walks the cast through a gauntlet of film noir cliches."

The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 36% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on 14 reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.

Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards
 Worst Actress, Sean Young as Ellen Carlsson; 1991.
 Worst Supporting Actress, Sean Young as Dorothy Carlsson; 1991.

Comparisons to novel
While leaving Corliss' character basically unchanged (other than renaming him Jonathan), the film drastically changed the story of the novel. In the film, Corliss fakes his own suicide after murdering Dorothy, and re-emerges as "Jay Faraday" to woo and marry Dorothy's sister, Ellen. In the novel, Corliss does not take on a new identity. Ellen's other sister, Marion, does not appear in either film version of the story. The "Gant" character in the novel was rewritten as a homicide detective who had investigated Dorothy's death. In this film, Corliss meets his end while attempting to kill Ellen after she discovers who he really is; while chasing her down, and for the sake of irony, he is run over by one of her father's trains.

Adaptation
Baazigar (1993), an unofficial remake in India by director Abbas–Mustan, starring Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol in lead and Shilpa Shetty, Dalip Tahil in supporting roles.

References

External links

 A Kiss Before Dying information site at DVD Beaver (includes images)

1991 films
1990s erotic thriller films
American erotic thriller films
British erotic thriller films
Films scored by Howard Shore
Films about identity theft
Films based on American novels
Films based on crime novels
Films based on works by Ira Levin
Films directed by James Dearden
Films set in 1987
Films set in 1990
Films set in New York City
Films set in Philadelphia
Films set in Pittsburgh
Films set in Virginia
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
American neo-noir films
Universal Pictures films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s British films

A Kiss Before Dying (1991 film)


Mitch Corber is a New York City neo-Beat poet, an eccentric performance artist, and no wave videographer known for his rapid whimsically comical montage and collage style. He has been associated with Collaborative Projects, Inc. (aka Colab), participated in Public Arts International/Free Speech and The Times Square Show, and is creator-director of cable TV long-running weekly series Poetry Thin Air in New York City and its on-line poetry/video archive. He has worked closely with ABC No Rio, Colab TV and the MWF Video Club and his audio art (often musique concrète collages) have been published on Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine three times. He is a recipient of a NY Foundation for the Arts Fellowship grant (1987) in the field of emerging artforms.

Education, performance, and video history
Corber graduated from UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in 1971 and shortly thereafter moved to New York City's Lower East Side, became influenced by the slide show performances and films of Jack Smith, and became an early member of Colab. Corber contributed to All Color News, Just Another Asshole and X Magazine.

During this period he became known as a performance artist with his Corber/Jolson Goes to Harlem performance. Riding the subway in blackface, Corber sang My Mammy crouched on one knee in true Al Jolson style. Lines include, "I'd walk a million miles For one of your smiles, My Mammy!"

He also appeared in James Nares's 1978 well-known no wave 82-minute color Super-8 film entitled Rome 78. The narrative is about the Roman emperor Caligula now set in a shabby 1978 downtown Manhattan apartment. As such, it proposes an analogy between ancient Rome and modern America as cultural empires. Despite its large cast in period costumes, the work is never made out to be a serious undertaking, with actors who interject scenes with self-conscious laughter, and deliver seemingly improvised lines with over the top bravado. The work also features No Wave Cinema regular Lydia Lunch of Teenage Jesus and the Jerks along with artist David McDermott of McDermott & McGough as Caligula, James Chance, John Lurie, Eric Mitchell as a Roman general, Judy Rifka, Jim Sutcliffe, Lance Loud, Patti Astor, Anya Phillips as the Queen of Sheba and Kristian Hoffman, among others.

In 1988 Corber conducted a taped interview with Leonard Cohen that was purchased by the New York Public Library for its collection. He also produced a documentary on the New York Microtonal music group that was founded by Johnny Reinhard.

Corber is an awardee of a New York Foundation for the Arts grant as producer of Poetry Thin Air Cable Show and for founding the Thin Air Video Poetry DVD Archives: which includes material on Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, John Ashbery, Diane di Prima, and John Cage.

He has created a DVD called John Cage: Man and Myth (1990) with appearances by David Antin, Glenn Branca, Jackson Mac Low and others. On August 24, 2006, Corber presented Cage Live Mix: Four Hours and 33 Minutes at A Gathering of the Tribes, impresario Steve Cannon's legendary venue. It was a multi-screen, multi-speaker, multi-room, ambient music mix of John Cage: Man and Myth material, that included video, audio, interview, poetry and various inserts, some chance-oriented with some audience participation. The title Four Hours and 33 Minutes refers to Cage's notorious silent piano sonata 4′33″. Spread through different areas of Tribes Gallery, it was, said the artist, "an opportunity for chance events and audience participation." The program included interview sequences with Cage and the many avant-garde artists who contributed homage interviews, including David Antin, Philip Glass, Richard Kostelanetz, Jackson Mac Low, Alison Knowles, Allen Kaprow, pianist Grete Sultan, Marjorie Perloff, and microtonalist Johnny Reinhard. In 2015, Corber created a short documentary video called Ludlow Street with Clayton that features Clayton Patterson walking down the street, discussing its cultural demise due to gentrification.

Poetry history
Corber is the author of the poetry collections Weather's Feather and Quinine. Since the early 1980s Corber has read his poetry throughout New York City. His poems have appeared in Columbia Poetry Review, Vanitas, Nedge, Mirage, BlazeVOX, Blackbox Manifold 4, Listenlight, Polarity and tight.

He resides in East Village, Manhattan.

Footnotes

References
 Carlo McCormick, The Downtown Book: The New York Art Scene, 1974–1984, Princeton University Press, 2006.
 Alan W. Moore and Marc Miller, eds. ABC No Rio Dinero: The Story of a Lower East Side Art Gallery New York: ABC No Rio with Collaborative Projects, 1985.
 Masters, Marc. No Wave. London: Black Dog Publishing, 2007.
 Pearlman, Alison, Unpackaging Art of the 1980s. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2003.
 Taylor, Marvin J. (ed.). The Downtown Book: The New York Art Scene, 1974–1984, foreword by Lynn Gumpert. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.

External links
Poetry Thin Air
Mitch Corber – Reaganomics/Infinitessimus (1:57) published on the Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine No. 1 @ Ubuweb
Mitch Corber: Budge, Budge, Budge the Budget (1:13) published on the Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine No. 2 @ Ubuweb
Mitch Corber – The Sirens (4:50) published on the Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine No. 13 @ Ubuweb
INTERVIEW Gregory Stephenson:Skating On Thin Air: An Interview With Mitch Corber
REVIEW Lehman Weichselbaum: On Quinine by Mitch Corber
ANTHOLOGY Patterson, Clayton (ed.): Captured: A Film/Video History of the Lower East Side
Archived Mitch Corber video Original Wonder 1 (1980)

Jewish American poets
Living people
Postmodern artists
Artists from New York (state)
American conceptual artists
American experimental filmmakers
American film producers
Postmodern writers
Writers from Manhattan
Yippies
Outlaw poets
20th-century American poets
Film directors from New York City
People from the East Village, Manhattan
Year of birth missing (living people)

Mitch Corber


Ervin László (; born 12 June 1932) is a Hungarian philosopher of science, systems theorist, integral theorist, originally a classical pianist.  He is an advocate of the theory of quantum consciousness.

Early life and education
László was born in Budapest, Hungary, the son of a shoe manufacturer and a mother who played the piano; László himself started playing the piano when he was five years old, and gave his first piano concert with the Budapest Symphony Orchestra at the age of nine.  After World War II, he moved to the United States.

Career
László is a visiting faculty member at the Graduate Institute Bethany. He has published about 75 books and over 400 papers, and is editor of World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution.

László participated in the Stock Exchange of Visions project in 2006. In 2010, he was elected an external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

In Hungary, the minister of environment appointed Laszlo as one of the leaders of the ministry's campaign concerning global warming.

Awards and honors
In 2002, László received an honorary doctorate from the University of Pécs.

Personal life
László married Carita Jägerhorn af Spurila 16 November 1956. One of their two sons is Alexander Laszlo.

Work

Systems theory
László became a leading exponent of Ludwig von Bertalanffy's general systems theory. László viewed systems theory not only as scientifically important; he also saw in it the potential to establish an objective basis for humanist values, deriving from a consideration of a natural systems hierarchy and its evolution. In his opinion, "The ethics and natural philosophy of this new world view can help explicate and justify an emerging supranational social ethos: 'reverence for natural systems'."

General Evolutionary Research Group
In 1984, László was co-founder with Béla H. Bánáthy, Riane Eisler, John Corliss, Francisco Varela, Vilmos Csanyi, Gyorgy Kampis, David Loye, Jonathan Schull and Eric Chaisson of the initially secret General Evolutionary Research Group. Meeting behind the Iron Curtain, the group of scientists and thinkers from a variety of disciplines met in secret. Their goal was to explore whether it might be possible to use the chaos theory to identify a new general theory of evolution that might serve as a path to a better world.

Club of Budapest
In 1993, in response to his experience with the Club of Rome, he founded the Club of Budapest to, in his words, "centre attention on the evolution of human values and consciousness as the crucial factors in changing course — from a race towards degradation, polarization and disaster to a rethinking of values and priorities so as to navigate today's transformation in the direction of humanism, ethics and global sustainability".

Akashic field theory
László's  2004 book, Science and the Akashic Field: An Integral Theory of Everything posits a field of information as the substance of the cosmos. Using the  Sanskrit and Vedic term for "space", Akasha, he calls this information field the "Akashic field" or "A-field". He posits that the "quantum vacuum" (see Vacuum state) is the fundamental energy and information-carrying field that informs not just the current universe, but all universes past and present (collectively, the Akashic records or "[(akashic field theory)]").

László believes that such an informational field can explain why our universe appears to be fine-tuned so as to form galaxies and conscious lifeforms; and why evolution is an informed, not random, process. He believes that the hypothesis solves several problems that emerge from quantum physics, especially nonlocality and quantum entanglement.

The Immortal Mind
László became interested in the consciousness theories of Anthony Peake, (who in turn was an admirer of László's work on the Akashic Field). Peake, whose background was in the social sciences, had sought to explain the fact that altered states of consciousness (such as deja vu, dreams, psychedelic drug experiences, meditation, near death experience) sometimes seem to feature precognition and premonitions. Peake had produced a tentative synthesis of the ancient idea of the "Eternal Return" with modern ideas like the simulation argument, the holographic universe, and the many worlds interpretation. In Peake's hypothesis, one lives variants of the same life repeatedly but with the ability to make different choices and experience different outcomes, and a premonition is in fact a memory of the past. Peake became a Consciousness Studies Department Member at Ervin László's Center For Advanced Studies. László collaborated with Anthony Peake on the book The Immortal Mind: Science and the Continuity of Consciousness Beyond the Brain.

Macroshift theory
In his book You Can Change the World, László  promotes a linking of non-government organizations promoting sustainable development, using the Internet.

Autobiography
László has written an autobiography entitled Simply Genius! And Other Tales from My Life, published by Hay House Publishers in June 2011.

Reception
In an essay, Stanislav Grof compared László's work to that of Ken Wilber, saying "Where Wilber outlined what an integral theory of everything should look like, Laszlo actually created one."

Selected publications
Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought, Gordon and Breach, 1972; Harper Torchbooks, 1973.
The Systems View of the World: A Holistic Vision for Our Time, Hampton Press, 1996.
The Whispering Pond: A Personal Guide to the Emerging Vision of Science, Element Books, Ltd., 1996.
Evolution: The General Theory, Hampton Press, 1996.
Macroshift: Navigating the Transformation to a Sustainable World, Berrett - Koehler, 2001
The Connectivity Hypothesis: Foundations of an Integral Science of Quantum, Cosmos, Life, and Consciousness, State University of New York Press, 2003.
You Can Change the World: The Global Citizen's Handbook for Living on Planet Earth: A Report of the Club of Budapest, Select Books, 2003.
Science and the Akashic Field: An Integral Theory of Everything, Inner Traditions International, 2004.
Science and the Reenchantment of the Cosmos : The Rise of the Integral Vision of Reality, Inner Traditions, 2006.
The Chaos Point: The World at the Crossroads, Hampton Roads, 2006.
Quantum Shift in the Global Brain: How the New Scientific Reality Can Change Us and our World, Inner Traditions, 2008.
WorldShift 2012: Making Green Business New Politics & Higher Consciousness Work Together, McArthur & Company, 2009.
The Immortal Mind: Science and the Continuity of Consciousness Beyond the Brain, with Anthony Peake, Simon and Schuster, 2014.
The Intelligence of the Cosmos, Inner Traditions, 2017.
Reconnecting to the Source: The New Science of Spiritual Experience, How It Can Change You, and How It Can Transform the World, St. Martin's Essentials, 2020.

References

External links

 ervinlaszlo.com - The personal site of Ervin Laszlo
 The Life and Career of Dr. Ervin Laszlo interviewed by David William Gibbons December 2011 <http://www.davidgibbons.org/id499.html>

Hungarian philosophers
Philosophers of science
Hungarian systems scientists
Futurologists
Hungarian non-fiction writers
Hungarian classical pianists
Hungarian male musicians
Male classical pianists
1932 births
Living people
Parapsychologists
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Quantum mind
Quantum mysticism advocates
Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences
Psychonautics researchers

Ervin László


The Neurootological and Equilibriometric Society is a learned society that was founded in 1974 and has its seat in Bad Kissingen (Germany).

Foundation
The society was founded on May 25, 1974, by an assembly of physicians, medical technologists, and engineers interested in neurootology. Since then, the president has been Claus-Frenz Claussen (University of Wurzburg). From the beginning, multilingual communication was established to facilitate the exchange of views as much as possible. English, French, German, and Spanish were listed in the statutes as official  languages.

Aims
The association's aim has been to foster clinical neurootology in terms of practice and research, by means of
 Training in preparing and undertaking neurootological diagnosis with special regard to equilibrioception
 Standardization of clinical methods of diagnosis and technical devices
 The publication of a medical journal.

Goals
Among the goals of the society are not only the evaluation of basic and clinical research but also the promotion of clinical neurootology including its four main fields equilibriometry, audiometry, olfactometry, and gustometry, as well as the training of interested doctors and medical assistance personnel.

Training
Since its foundation, the society has held annual congresses for further training, alternately in Bad Kissingen and other countries.

Publications
The Neurootology Newsletter as well as the proceedings of the society are used to exchange scientific knowledge within the association. In addition, the society publishes the International Tinnitus Journal.

Honours
Since 1980, the association has honoured experienced neurootologists who have made an essential contribution to neurootology in research and clinical practice. The scientists who are to be honoured are determined two years in advance by the Members' Assembly during the congresses taking place in Bad Kissingen.

References
 Claussen, Claus-Frenz: Proceedings of the Neurootological and Equilibriometric Society Reg.. edition m+p - Hamburg and Neu Isenburg, 1976. Publication of the society including scientific papers and the association's charter in English, German, Spanish and French.

External links

Medical and health organisations based in Bavaria
Scientific organizations established in 1974
Otorhinolaryngology organizations


Gröna hund, complete title Gröna Hund på Gröna Lund (Green Dog on Gröna Lund, also a reference to "Röda hund", literally "Red dog", but also Swedish for "rubella"), was the first variety show produced by AB Svenska Ord. After that the writers/actors Hans Alfredsson and Tage Danielsson became known as Hasseåtage.
The show premièred on 27 April 1962 on Gröna Lund in Stockholm. It also made a few performances in Göteborg, Malmö and Oslo.

Personnel
The show was written by both Hasse and Tage and directed by Tage. It was the first of the three "Dog-revues", the second being Gula Hund and the third one Svea hund.
Other members the cast included Monica Zetterlund, Lissi Alandh, Emil "Mille" Schmidt, Lasse O'Månsson, Muriel Ari and Gunnar Svensson's trio.
Tage Danielsson at first only wanted to direct, since he doubted his skills on stage, but the other cast members managed to persuade him. He sang a satirical song about the MRA that was well liked. The show was also the debut for the character Lindeman. An act where Hasse was to be interviewed about something in the newspapers as his character Valfrid Lindeman. This act was improvised and therefore different from time to time.

Notable numbers
The most famous number is probably Hasse Alfredssons "Ringaren" (The Bellringer), where he plays a bell-ringer who holds a monologue about the Church of Sweden and especially his own parish, which is very small, and their local Pastor Jansson. A very modern and young priest, who may not know The Ten Commandments but he has seen the movie, at least.
The bell-ringer later returned in the variety show Glaset i örat, where he made a phone call to Jansson, who now worked for a newspaper, wondering if he could write a little something about a (very unorthodox) play that the local parish had made about Jesus.

Production
The show was filmed for TV and has since been released on DVD.

Swedish comedy television series

Gröna hund


DC-UK was a Dreamcast video game magazine published by Future plc in the United Kingdom. Its first issue was published in August 1999 and it ran until 2001. The magazine was launched by ex-Edge deputy editor Caspar Field, who edited the first seven issues. After his departure to launch the children's Dreamcast magazine, Mr Dreamcast, associate editor Keith Stuart took over until issue 19. At this point, then-deputy editor Lee Hart took over for the single issue that remained.

History
At launch, DC-UK changed the prevailing Future plc games magazine running order of the time, which went news - previews - features - reviews - tips - letters, by rearranging some of the major sections. This resulted in a running order of reviews - news - features - previews - tips - letters. The magazine also offered some additional content, such as interviews with game developers and attempts at unusual features, such as creating cocktails themed around famous Sega characters. Following Field's departure, DC-UK reverted to the standard Future plc format, which was used until the magazine's closure. The upbeat feel of the magazine, however, continued throughout every issue, and prior to being revised the title was nominated for the 1999 InDin Magazine of the Year award.

Sales of DC-UK, particularly during the early months of its existence, were strong – often coming close to those of the Official Dreamcast Magazine (UK) despite the latter selling with a cover-mounted disc featuring demo versions of games. DC-UK had in fact started life as Future Publishing's pitch for the rights to the UK Dreamcast magazine license. However, Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE), from which Future held the rights to the Official UK PlayStation Magazine, objected, leading Future to withdraw its bid for the Dreamcast deal.

In March 2000 Future published the first issue of the short-lived DC-UK spin-off title DC-TIPS. Both DC-TIPS and DC-UK'''s sales began to suffer during early 2000 as British public interest in Dreamcast declined during the run-up to PlayStation 2's November 2000 arrival in Europe.

During the magazine's run it was supported by a website at dc-uk.co.uk. This closed on 8 March 2001,
shortly after the magazine's last issue had gone on sale, with the message 'Goodbye folks!'.

DC-TIPSDC-TIPS was a magazine dedicated to game guides and tips for the Dreamcast and each issue was on average 128 pages long, for the price of £3.99. The magazine was launched as a companion to DC-UK and the two magazines were offered to readers in a special combination subscription. Issue #1 was published in March 2000, 7 months after "parent" magazine. The magazine was cancelled before issue #4 went to press, with most of the latest issue completed. Some of the commissioned work for future issues included Star Wars: Episode I Racer and Resident Evil – Code: Veronica.

The magazine was launched by Will Groves who was editor for the lifetime of the magazine. Richard Owen joined as the full-time staff writer halfway through the creation of the first issue. In charge of art was Brad Merrett and the designer was Efrain Mendoza. Contributors to the magazine included Dean Mortlock, Nadine Pittam, Daniel Glenfield, Sally Meddings and Jon Billington.

The colour orange was prevalent throughout the magazine, complimenting DC-UK's prevalent blue. It is worth noting that the Dreamcast logo in Europe was blue, and in the US and Japan it was orange. This made orange an obvious choice for DC-TIPS given that the design was so closely tied to its parent DC-UK.

Although its run of magazines was short, DC-TIPS covered a relatively large number of games throughout its pages. The magazine would begin with a set of featured games with guides taking up between 5 (Sega Bass Fishing) and 20+ pages (MDK2). At the back of the magazine was a section named "Listings" which had tips for most games on the Dreamcast system. These tips would be between a short paragraph and six pages. The style in the Listings section was much more compact than in the front of the magazine.

Some of the games featured included:

 Chu Chu Rocket Crazy Taxi Evolution JoJo's Bizarre Adventure MDK2 (Cover Art)
 NBA 2K Power Stone Rayman 2 Resident Evil 2 Sega Bass Fishing Shadow Man Slave Zero Sonic Adventure Soul Calibur Tomb Raider: The Last Revelation'' (Cover Art)

External links
DC-UK at the Internet Archive

References

1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
2001 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Video game magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Sega magazines
Dreamcast
Magazines established in 1999
Magazines disestablished in 2001

DC-UK


Dopo un paio di anni di college, Tulis si è arruolato nell'United States Army. Nel 1985 è stato in grado di aprire il suo primo studio e nello stesso anno gli è stato chiesto di fare la sua prima mostra.

Pubblicazioni
 In "The South by Its Photographers" curated by Ellen Fleurov, Tulis' work was included with many other Southern artists including Shelby Lee Adams, Walter Beckham, Debbie Fleming Caffery, William Christenberry, Chip Cooper, William Greiner, Birney Imes and Melissa Springer among others. This exhibition traveled from the Birmingham Museum of Art in Birmingham, Alabama to Columbia Museum of Art in Columbia, South Carolina and the Louisiana Center for Arts and Sciences Baton Rouge, Louisiana. This became an auspicious exhibition that spurred the careers of many of these Southern photographers. This exhibition was also made into a book by Susan Sipple Elliott, with an introduction by John E. Schloder, "The South by Its Photographers."
 In 2003, Tulis was chosen to be part of Wait Until Dark along with Lewis Baltz, Harvey Caplin, Todd Hido, David Leventhal, William Greiner, Michael Kenna, O. Winston Link, Richard Misrach, Jules Shulman, George Tice and Henry Wessel, Jr. The exhibition took place at The Williams College Museum of Art, Fresno, California. The photographers for this exhibit were selected from the photography collection of Jay Richard DiBiaso.
 In June 2002, Tulis work was selected to be part of "House: Ten Artists Photograph Domestic Architecture," an exhibit curated by Carol John at ATHICA: Athens Institute for Contemporary Art. Evie McKenna, Rinnie Allen, Michael Stipe, Carl Martin, and Mark Steinmetz were also included in this exhibition.
 In 2004, Tulis work was chosen to be part of "So Atlanta: Artists Respond to the Contemporary City" curated by Felicia Feaster and Helena Reckitt. The exhibition also included the work of Karen Rich Beall, Sarah Doughrety, Samm Hill, Ron Jude and Ohm Phanphiroj among others.
 He has also shown at The Contemporary in Atlanta.
 Tulis was represented by Agnes having had two solo and several group exhibitions there. Tulis was Agnes second solo exhibition.
 His work has been covered by Frank151,  Creative Loafing, American Photography, Aperture, Image Geek, ShotsMag,  The Sun, Oxford American and Viewfinder.
 Tulis exhibited the now infamous, experimental art space Neo-Post-Now Gallery from 1992 to 1997. The gallery was located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin and also exhibited the work of Matt Fink, Brett Hanson, Jimmy von Milwaukee, Eric Lunde, Alan Luft, Nigel, Lamar Sorrento, James Stark, and Bob Watt among many others.
 His work is in numerous collections throughout the United States and Europe such as the Milwaukee Art Museum, Mint Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Orlando Museum of Art, the New Orleans Museum of Art as well as the New York Public Library.
 In 1997, Tulis was Artist in Residence at Pouch Cove Foundation located near St. John's, the capital of the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, is a self-sustaining, not for profit art retreat.

Libri
 Explorations: 10 Portfolios, Aperture No. 130, Winter 1993, The Aperture Foundation, 1993. ISBN 0-89381-529-2
 The South By Its Photographers, Photographic images by forty-eight of the South's best photographers by Susan Sipple Elliott, introduction by John E. Schloder,  University Press of Mississippi,  68pgs. ISBN 0-87805-954-7
 New Life:  Stories and Photographs from the Suburban South by Alex Harris 249pgs. W. W. Horton, 1996 ISBN 0-393-04030-5 and ISBN 978-0-393-04030-2

Note

Collegamenti esterni
 Biography one short paragraph about Tulis at Art Worlds of Atlanta
 Buh-bye Boho: When bohemia meets middle age, it's fight or flight time. -Tulis's lifestyle (Cover Feature) by Feaster, Felicia
 A photography of Tulis attending Art Mondays at Apache Cafe, Atlanta, Georgia
 Art in Context Center for Communications, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 , Tulis produced the photography for the 2005 album Not On Earth...In Your Soul!, also available in vinyl
 Corbett Griffith Performance Art "Ripe" 2004, Photography by Tulis
 1998 Digital Americana Show, The Orlando Museum of Art Orlando, Florida with Moebius Kid, Winners "Best Conceptual Advancement, Avatar as Content, 1999
 Photos Do Not Bend," Dallas, Texas sales of Tulis's works
 Oyster Boy Review #10 with examples to work by Tulis
 Tribe Photography by Tulis, 2005
 Art Worlds of Atlanta Ben Apfelbaum attribute to Tulis work
 Atlanta Contemporary Art Center Example of Tulis Graffiti Series, 2002

Thomas Tulis


Apatomerus (meaning "deceptive femur"), is a genus of extinct reptile known from a single fossil (KUVP 1199) from the Albian-age (Lower Cretaceous) Kiowa Shale of Kansas, USA. This bone, collected in 1893, was first identified as the thighbone of a crocodilian,  but was described in 1903 by Samuel Wendell Williston as belonging to a pterosaur. This identification held through the 1970s, but has been abandoned. Recent summaries of pterosaur genera, such as Wellnhofer, 1991 and Glut, 2004 did not include it, and Mike Everhart, an authority on the rocks of the Western Interior Seaway (including the Kiowa Shale) identifies the bone as more likely the upper part of a plesiosaurian propodial (a limb bone).

See also
 Timeline of plesiosaur research
 List of plesiosaur genera

References

Early Cretaceous plesiosaurs of North America
Fossil taxa described in 1903
Taxa named by Samuel Wendell Williston

Apatomerus


A choco pie is a small snack cake made up of two small round layers of cake with marshmallow filling and a chocolate covering.

History

The origin of Choco Pie goes back to 1917 in the American South. Chattanooga Bakery in Chattanooga, Tennessee created the Moon pie with Graham crackers and marshmallow filling which is similar to the Choco Pie of nowadays.

Tongyang R&D, the snack company of South Korea, began selling a similar type of chocolate cake with marshmallow filling named 'Orion Choco Pie' in 1974. A member of the company was inspired by a chocolate-coated cake in a restaurant in a hotel in the U.S. state of Georgia on a business trip. After he got back to Korea, he made many experiment to make that kind of chocolate cake. Finally, he created the Choco Pie as it is known to Koreans now. Later, Tongyang R&D changed its name to Orion Confectionery because of the success of 'Orion Choco Pie'. In addition, similar versions of Choco Pie were produced by Lotte Confectionary and Crown Confectionery.

Export
From the 2000s, Orion Choco Pie has been exported all over the world. A third of Orion's profits is from outside Korea. Orion has four major share markets- South Korea, China, Vietnam, and Russia. Also it is exported to North Korea, and it is sometimes used as bonuses for North Korean workers.

Legal controversy
Although Orion firstly began to produce 'Choco Pie', Lotte Confectionary also named its product with the same name 'Choco Pie'. Orion filed a lawsuit claiming 'Choco Pie' is its property, but it failed. The court had them allow 'Choco Pie' as a common noun. So there are three types of 'Choco Pie' from different companies, Orion, Lotte, and Crown.

Snack foods
American food

Choco pie


Yuri Pokalchuk was a Ukrainian writer, translator, researcher, candidate of philological sciences, and head of the international department of the Writers' Union of Ukraine. He was the older brother of the writer and psychologist Oleg Pokalchukand a member of the literary group "The Dogs of Saint Yur". Additionally, he was an organizer and leader of the musical group "Lights of a big city" which performed songs set to his texts.

Biography
Yuri Pokalchuk was born on 24 January 1941 in Kremenets. His father was the dialectologist and local history expert Volodimir Pokalchuk. Pokalchuk's childhood and adolescence were spent in Lutsk, where he graduated from school and from the Lutsk Pedagogical Institute. Later he transferred to Leningrad University (Department of Oriental languages, Indology). Since 1969 he lived in Kyiv.

Since 1976 — a member of the Writers' Union of Ukraine.

From 1994 until 1998 — the head of the foreign branch of the Union of Writers of Ukraine.

From 1997 until 2000 — president of the Association of Ukrainian Writers.

From 2000 until 2002 — Member of the National Council on Television and Radio.

Since 2007 — a member of STAN (art-group).

Died from cancer on September 10, 2008, in Kyiv.

In the Soviet Union Pokalchuk was one of the first translators of the works by Jorge Luis Borges. Translated by Ernest Hemingway, J. D. Salinger, Julio Cortázar, Jorge Amado, Mario Vargas Llosa, Rudyard Kipling and Arthur Rimbaud and many others. He knew 11 foreign languages, including Polish, English, Spanish, and French. He published works of literary criticism, 5 poetry collections, 15 collections of novellas and short stories, the novel "And now, and always", and a book "Ukrainians in Great Britain". His work "Modern Latin American Prose" (1978) was in Soviet times the only Ukrainian-language monograph on Latin American literature.

Works
Who Are You?
We have always
Color tone
CoffeeMatagalpa
WonderfulTime
Sabre and the Arrow (2003)
Moderato
Lake wind
The fact that the bottom
Taxi Blues (2003)
Ring Road (2004)
Forbidden Games (2005)
Giddy smell Jungle (2005)
Hooligans (2006)
Do not step on Love (2007)
Kama Sutra(Collected Works) (2007).

Literary studies
Lonely generation
Towards a new consciousness
Contemporary Latin American fiction.

References

External links
Yurko Pokalchuk
Yurko Pokalchuk in Luhansk
Pokalchuk's blog (in Ukrainian)

1941 births
2008 deaths
Ukrainian male writers
People from Kremenets
Writers from Ternopil Oblast
Burials at Baikove Cemetery

Yuri Pokalchuk


In cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number , equal to the ratio of its pressure  to its energy density :

It is closely related to the thermodynamic equation of state and ideal gas law.

The equation
The perfect gas equation of state may be written as

where  is the mass density,  is the particular gas constant,  is the temperature and  is a characteristic thermal speed of the molecules. Thus

where  is the speed of light,  and  for a "cold" gas.

FLRW equations and the equation of state
The equation of state may be used in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) equations to describe the evolution of an isotropic universe filled with a perfect fluid. If  is the scale factor then

If the fluid is the dominant form of matter in a flat universe, then

where  is the proper time.

In general the Friedmann acceleration equation is

where  is the cosmological constant and  is Newton's constant, and  is the second proper time derivative of the scale factor.

If we define (what might be called "effective") energy density and pressure as

and
the acceleration equation may be written as

Non-relativistic particles
The equation of state for ordinary non-relativistic 'matter' (e.g. cold dust) is , which means that its energy density decreases as , where  is a volume. In an expanding universe, the total energy of non-relativistic matter remains constant, with its density decreasing as the volume increases.

Ultra-relativistic particles
The equation of state for ultra-relativistic 'radiation' (including neutrinos, and in the very early universe other particles that later became non-relativistic) is  which means that its energy density decreases as . In an expanding universe, the energy density of radiation decreases more quickly than the volume expansion, because its wavelength is red-shifted.

Acceleration of cosmic inflation
Cosmic inflation and the  accelerated expansion of the universe can be characterized by the equation of state of dark energy. In the simplest case, the equation of state of the cosmological constant is . In this case, the above expression for the scale factor is not valid and , where the constant  is the Hubble parameter. More generally, the expansion of the universe is accelerating for any equation of state . The accelerated expansion of the Universe was indeed observed. According to observations, the value of equation of state of cosmological constant is near -1.

Hypothetical phantom energy would have an equation of state , and would cause a Big Rip. Using the existing data, it is still impossible to distinguish between phantom  and non-phantom .

Fluids
In an expanding universe, fluids with larger equations of state disappear more quickly than those with smaller equations of state. This is the origin of the flatness and monopole problems of the Big Bang: curvature has  and monopoles have , so if they were around at the time of the early Big Bang, they should still be visible today. These problems are solved by cosmic inflation which has . Measuring the equation of state of dark energy is one of the largest efforts of observational cosmology. By accurately measuring , it is hoped that the cosmological constant could be distinguished from quintessence which has .

Scalar modeling
A scalar field  can be viewed as a sort of perfect fluid with equation of state

where  is the time-derivative of  and  is the potential energy. A free () scalar field has , and one with vanishing kinetic energy is equivalent to a cosmological constant: . Any equation of state in between, but not crossing the  barrier known as the Phantom Divide Line (PDL), is achievable, which makes scalar fields useful models for many phenomena in cosmology.

Notes

Physical cosmology
Equations of state

Equation of state (cosmology)


Elin Pelin ( ), previously known as Novoseltsi (Новоселци), is a town in central western Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of Elin Pelin Municipality, located in central Sofia Province. It lies in the Sofia Valley, with the slopes of the Balkan Mountains to the north and Sredna Gora to the south-southeast, 24 km southeast of the capital city of Sofia.

The number of Thracian, Roman and Byzantine artifacts and ruins in the area proves that the surroundings of Elin Pelin have been inhabited since antiquity. A Slavic settlement was founded in the Middle Ages and existed until the early Ottoman rule of Bulgaria.

Elin Pelin (then Novoseltsi) began to emerge as a local cultural and trade centre during the Bulgarian National Revival. In 1881, after the Liberation of Bulgaria, it was proclaimed the administrative centre of a district. Novoseltsi continued to grow in importance after the construction of the Sofia–Saranbey (now Septemvri) railway line and the establishment of the Izida ceramic factory, the first in the country. A class school and a chitalishte were founded in the late 19th century. Novoseltsi was renamed Elin Pelin in honour of the noted writer of the same name (born in the nearby village of Bailovo) in 1950 and was proclaimed a town in 1960.

The area of Elin Pelin is one of the best preserved centres of the traditional ethnocultural subgroup of the Bulgarian people, the Shopi, including its characteristic vernacular, the white clothing and the characteristic dances, songs and humour. The Shop Holidays, a celebration of Shop culture and life, have been organized in the town since 1970.

Gallery

Towns in Bulgaria
Populated places in Sofia Province

Elin Pelin (town)


The Church of St. Anthony located in Jerzmanice-Zdrój, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland is a Roman Catholic church. The date of build is assessed on the 14th century.

The scheme of the church is very untypical as a Lower Silesian customs building. Since 1527 until 1945 the church was used by Protestants. In 1945, after the World War II, the church was taken by the Roman Catholic Church.

The Catholic temple was significantly affected by the fight, that took place for example during the Thirty Years' War and Napoleonic campaigns.

Roman Catholic churches
Churches in Poland
14th-century buildings and structures
Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Church of St. Anthony in Jerzmanice-Zdrój


Edwin Cole McCain (born January 20, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. His songs "I'll Be" (1998) and "I Could Not Ask for More" (1999) were radio top-40 hits in the U.S., and five of his albums have reached the Billboard 200. McCain has released eleven albums, with his first two being released independently.

Career
McCain graduated from Christ Church Episcopal School in Greenville, South Carolina, and briefly attended both the College of Charleston and Coastal Carolina University. Longtime touring friends with Hootie and the Blowfish, the Edwin McCain band signed with the same label, Atlantic Records. In 1994, he recorded his first major-label album, Honor Among Thieves under the Lava Records imprint (Matchbox Twenty, Kid Rock, Beth Hart, and Jewel). The record was then released in 1995. His second album, Misguided Roses, spawned "I'll Be", a major hit single in 1998. This song also is featured on the charitable album, Live in the X Lounge, along with a live version of "Solitude". It was also featured in the 2000 drama television show, Higher Ground, as well as the 2004 teen flick, A Cinderella Story.

Summer of 1999 marked the arrival of McCain's third album, Messenger, which included a second Top 40 hit, the Diane Warren-penned "I Could Not Ask For More." Produced by Matt Serletic (Matchbox Twenty, Collective Soul) and Noel Golden, Messenger was recorded at Tree Sound Studios and Southern Tracks in Atlanta as well as Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles. "I Could Not Ask For More" was also featured on the soundtrack for the 1999 film Message in a Bottle.

Having fulfilled his four-album contract, McCain split from Lava/Atlantic at the end of 2001. In early 2003 he released a collection of acoustic versions of old and new songs called The Austin Sessions via ATC Records, a Nashville-based independent record label (at which McCain was the first artist signed following its creation in 2001.) Sessions, recorded in roughly 20 days, punctuated McCain's major-label departure with an intentionally stripped-down sound and offered some fan favorites from his early days of touring, including Dire Straits' "Romeo and Juliet". The album, coupled with McCain's first DVD, Mile Marker: Songs and Stories from the Acoustic Highway (2002) – which consisted of interviews, live performances and other material – served as a thank-you to longtime followers. In a May 2003 interview with Billboard, McCain noted, "The whole package is sort of saying, 'I'm back doing what I started doing.'" About the same time, the musician also hosted "Inside Music With Edwin McCain", a syndicated show on the Sirius radio network.

Mid-2004 saw the arrival of his first studio album in three years, titled Scream & Whisper, which was released on another indie label, DRT Entertainment. Later that year, McCain made time in his tour schedule to run the 35th annual New York City Marathon. In an interview in the August 2004 issue of Runner's World, McCain said of training on the road: "You just pick your spots. One of the things that comes in handy depends on how far away the hotel is from the venue. ... For example, the other day the hotel was five miles away from the club where I was performing, so once we got to the club and got sound checked I threw on my running clothes, then ran back to the hotel. Little things like that help." In late 2004 McCain released his second DVD, Tinsel and Tap Shoes. It was his first live concert DVD, recorded at The House of Blues in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

In 2005, McCain released a single, "Hold Out a Hand," co-written and performed with singer/songwriter Maia Sharp. This song, available for a 99-cent download on iTunes, gives all profits to the relief of the hurricane victims that year. McCain's next album, Lost in America, was released on April 11, 2006, on Vanguard Records. Lost in America contained three singles: "Truly Believe", "The Kiss" and live-favorite "Gramercy Park Hotel", which pays homage to the New York City landmark and its colorful patrons (including baseball legend Babe Ruth.) A subsequent recording, a collection of R&B cover songs titled "Nobody's Fault But Mine", was produced by Tor Hyams and released through Saguaro Road Records on June 24, 2008, and included a version of Soul Brothers Six song "Some Kind of Wonderful."

On May 17, 2009, McCain performed on board the USS John C. Stennis, while the carrier was on a Western Pacific deployment in the vicinity of Guam. The next year saw the release of The Best of Edwin McCain, a 20-year career retrospective that included a cross-section of material as well as a new single, "Walk With You" (produced by Don Was.) McCain's 10th album, Mercy Bound, was released August 30, 2011, on 429 Records. Reuniting McCain with collaborator Maia Sharp, who also had production credits, Mercy Bound features additional artistic input from Angie Aparo, Mark Addison and Anders Osborne, as well as guitar work from Warren Haynes.

McCain is also a ship restorer, as seen on the former Animal Planet TV series Flipping Ships.

On January 22, 2017, McCain sang the American National Anthem at Gillette Stadium for the AFC Championship Game between the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers. On November 29, 2019, McCain released his first Christmas album, Merry Christmas, Baby.

Band members

While his albums are released under his name, he does have a permanent band, referred to as the Edwin McCain Band. Members of the band include Larry Chaney (lead guitar), Pete Riley (rhythm guitar and vocals), Craig Shields (keyboards, saxophone and other wind instruments), Jason Pomar (bass guitar and vocals) and Tez Sherard (drums and percussion).

Discography

Independent albums

Studio albums

EPs

Compilations

Soundtrack

Singles

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
429 Records artists
American alternative rock musicians
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Lava Records artists
Musicians from Greenville, South Carolina
Vanguard Records artists
Alternative rock guitarists
Alternative rock singers
American male singer-songwriters
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
American television personalities
Male television personalities
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Guitarists from South Carolina
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
Singer-songwriters from South Carolina

Edwin McCain


High Force is one of Britain's great waterfalls. It is in Teesdale, County Durham. It was created by erosion when a river went through the rock and did not erode the hard upper layer of igneous rock, but eroded the bottom layer of soft limestone, a sedimentary rock. It is one of the biggest waterfalls in the UK.

Waterfalls
Bodies of water of Europe
County Durham

High Force