The Potawatomi Conservatories (also called the South Bend Conservatories) is a set of three indoor conservatories and botanical gardens in South Bend, Indiana, in the United States:  The Ella Morris Conservatory; the Muessel-Ellison Botanical Conservatory, and the Muessel-Ellison Desert Dome.

History
The original conservatory, the Potawatomi Greenhouse, was built by Lord & Burnham in the 1920s and was originally built as eight growing houses to raise plants for South Bend city parks and conservatories and floral shows in the region. The Ella Morris Conservatory and Muessel-Ellison Botanical Conservatory were built in the 1960s. The Desert Dome was built in 1973. Today, the conservatories are part of Potawatomi Park, which includes the Potawatomi Zoo.

In 2006, the Conservatories were almost closed due for financial reasons, specifically government budget cuts and the costs for heating the spaces. In response, the Botanical Society of South Bend took over management of the facilities. The facilities closed for renovations in 2011, which cost an estimated $1.2 million. Renovations included updating the heating, plumbing and electrical systems. The facilities also received wall repairs, new paint, windows and floors, ADA compliant bathrooms, a new potting room, and a mechanical room. The latter three updates added 1,600 square feet to the facilities. A new parking lot, sidewalk, and signage were also installed. The facilities reopened in May 2012.

Gardens
The Muessel-Ellison Botanical Conservatory has introduced species including birds of paradise and bougainvillea.  The Ella Morris Conservatory focuses on tropical and subtropical flora.  Finally, the Desert Dome focuses on cacti, succulents and other desert plants from the Sonoran Desert, including a monkey puzzle tree.

See also
 List of botanical gardens and arboretums in Indiana

References

External links

Botanical gardens in Indiana
Buildings and structures in South Bend, Indiana
Tourist attractions in South Bend, Indiana
Buildings and structures in Indiana
Greenhouses in the United States

Potawatomi Conservatories


The Democratic Governors Association (DGA) is a Washington, D.C. based 527 organization. It started  in 1983. Members are U.S. state and territorial governors who are also members of the Democratic Party.

The mission of the organization is to create party support to the election and re-election of Democratic governors. There is a similar Republican organization called the Republican Governors Association. The DGA is not directly connected with the non-partisan National Governors Association.

42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, was leader of the DGA in 1988.

The current leader of the association is Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy since 2019.

These people have been leaders of the DGA: John Connally, Zell Miller, Marvin Mandel, Dale Bumpers, Wendell H. Ford, Wendell Anderson, Reubin Askew, Philip W. Noel, Patrick Lucey, Brendan Byrne, Jim Hunt, Jerry Brown, Richard Riley, Dick Celeste, Michael Dukakis, Evan Bayh, Howard Dean, Tom Vilsack, Bill Richardson, Kathleen Sebelius, Dannel Malloy, and Jay Inslee.

Also see
 Republican Governors Association

Other websites
 DGA Official Website

Democratic Party (United States)
1983 establishments in the United States
Political organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.

Democratic Governors Association


The Charlottetown Conference was a conference about the Canadian Confederation. The representatives of the unions in British North America were present at the conference. The meeting took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island from September 1st to September 9th 1864.

The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the maritime provinces in what later became Canada. The maritime provinces were Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.

History of Canada

Charlottetown Conference


Hollywood Hills West is a neighborhood within Central Los Angeles, California.

Geography
Hollywood Hills West touches Studio City on the north, Hollywood Hills on the east, Hollywood and West Hollywood on the south and Beverly Hills and Coldwater Canyon on the west. The neighborhood is bisected by Laurel Canyon Boulevard and is bordered on the east by Outpost Drive and on the south by an irregular line that includes Franklin Avenue, Fairfax Avenue and Sunset Boulevard, or the West Hollywood city limits. On the west the neighborhood ends at the Beverly Hills city line (Trousdale Estates, and on the north it stops at Mulholland Drive.

The area includes the neighborhoods of Crescent Heights, Laurel Canyon, Lookout Mountain, Mount Olympus, Sunset Plaza, and Nichols Canyon.

Demographics
A total of 14,860 people lived in the neighborhood's 4.87 square miles, according to the 2000 U.S. census—averaging 3,048 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities in the city. The population was estimated at 16,003 in 2008. The median age for residents was 41, considered old for the city and the county as a whole. The percentages of residents aged 35 and above are among the county's highest.

The neighborhood is "not particularly diverse," the diversity index being 0.273, and the percentage of white people is considered high, at 84.9%. Latinos make up 5.8%, Asians are at 3.9%, blacks at 2.7% and others also at 2.7%. In 2000 the United Kingdom (10.3%) and Ukraine (7.2%) were the most common places of birth for the 25.4% of the residents who were born abroad, considered an average percentage of foreign-born when compared with the city or county as a whole.

The median household income in 2008 dollars was $108,199, considered high for both the city and county. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, compared to the city and the county at large. The average household size of 1.9 people was relatively low. Homeowners occupied 63.6% of the housing units, and renters occupied the rest.

In 2000 there were 178 families headed by single parents, or 5.8%, a rate that was low in both the county and the city. The percentages of never-married men (51%) and divorced men (8.8%) were among the county's highest. A high number of the residents were military veterans—8.4% of the population, the percentage who served during World War II or the Korean War being among the county's highest.

Education
Hollywood Hills West residents aged 25 and older holding a four-year degree amounted to 58.8% of the population in 2000, considered high when compared with the city and the county as a whole, as were the percentages of residents with a bachelor's or a postgraduate degree

There is just one school within the neighborhood's boundaries: Wonderland Avenue Elementary School, operated by the Los Angeles Unified School District at 8510 Wonderland Avenue.

Recreation and parks
The neighborhood is home to three City of Los Angeles recreation facilities—Laurel Canyon Park, Wattles Garden Park and Runyon Canyon Park.

References

External links
  Hollywood Hills West Neighborhood Council
  Comments about living in Hollywood Hills West
  Hollywood Hills West crime map and statistics

Neighborhoods in Los Angeles
Populated places in the Santa Monica Mountains
Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles
Central Los Angeles

Hollywood Hills West, Los Angeles


The Union of England and Scotland Act 1603 (1 Jas. 1. c. 2), full title An Act authorizing certain Commissioners of the realm of England to treat with Commissioners of Scotland, for the weal of both kingdoms, was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of England enacted during the reign of King James I. It appointed a commission led by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Ellesmere, to meet and negotiate with a commission which would be appointed by the Parliament of Scotland. The aim of the discussions was to look into the possibility of arranging a formal political union between England and Scotland, going beyond the existing Union of Crowns, and to report back to Parliament. The commission was not effective, however, and similar subsequent proposals also fell flat. The two kingdoms were eventually united over a century later, by the Acts of Union 1707.

The Act was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863, being by this point entirely obsolete.

References
Select statutes and other constitutional documents illustrative of the reigns of Elizabeth and James I, ed. by G. W. Prothero. Oxford University Press, 1913. Fourth edition.
Chronological table of the statutes; HMSO, London. 1993

1603 in English law
1603 in England
Acts of the Parliament of England
England–Scotland relations
Unionism in Scotland
Unionism in the United Kingdom
1603 in Scotland

Union of England and Scotland Act 1603


Peat, or turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, mires, and swamps.

Formation
Peat forms when plant material, usually in marshy areas, is inhibited from decaying fully by acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is composed mainly of marshland vegetation: trees, grasses, fungi, as well as other types of organic remains, such as insects, and animal remains. Under certain conditions, the decomposition of the latter (in the absence of oxygen) is inhibited.

Peat formed in very wet conditions accumulates faster, and is less decomposed, than that in drier places. This allows climatologists to use peat as an indicator of climatic change. The composition of peat can also be used to reconstruct ancient ecologies by examining the types and quantities of its organic constituents.

Under the proper conditions, peat is the earliest stage in the formation of coal. The coal measures of the Pennsylvanian period were laid down in a gigantic tropical river basin, and later squeezed and heated to form the metamorphic rock we call 'coal'.

Most modern peat bogs formed in high latitudes after the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the last ice age some 9,000 years ago. They usually grow slowly, at the rate of about a millimetre per year.

The peat in the world's peatlands has been forming for 360 million years and contains 550 Gigatonnes of carbon.

Uses
Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world. By volume, there are about 4 trillion m³ of peat in the world covering a total of around 2% of global land area (about 3 million km²), containing about 8 billion terajoules of energy.

Peat is soft and easily compressed. Under pressure, water in the peat is forced out. Upon drying, peat can be used as a fuel. It has industrial importance as a fuel in some countries, such as Ireland and Finland, where it is harvested on an industrial scale. In many countries, including Ireland and Scotland, where trees are often scarce, peat is traditionally used for cooking and domestic heating. Stacks of drying peat dug from the bogs can still be seen in some rural areas.

Peat's insulating properties make it of use to industry.

Peat fires are used to dry malted barley for use in Scotch whisky distillation. This gives Scotch whisky its distinctive smoky flavour, often called "peatiness".

Although peat has many uses for humans, it also presents problems. When dry, it can be a major fire hazard, as peat fires can burn almost indefinitely (or at least until the fuel is exhausted). Peat fires can even burn underground, reigniting after the winter, provided there is a source of oxygen. Peat deposits also pose major difficulties to builders of structures, roads, and railways, as they are highly compressible under even small loads. When the West Highland Line was built across Rannoch Moor in western Scotland, its builders had to float the tracks on a mattress of tree roots, brushwood and thousands of tons of earth and ashes.

References

Fuel
Sedimentary rocks

Peat


Buffalo Electric Carriage Company was a Brass Era manufacturer of electric automobiles in Buffalo, New York.

The 1904 Buffalo Stanhope was a stanhope model. It could seat 2 passengers and sold for US$1650.  The single electric motor produced 2.5 hp (1.9 kW).  The car weighed 1800 lb (816 kg).

The 1904 Buffalo Golf Brake was a surrey model.  Equipped with a tonneau, it could seat 6 passengers and sold for US$2200.  Two electric motors were situated at the rear of the car, produced 2.5 hp (1.9 kW) each.  The car weighed 2200 lb (998 kg).

The 1904 Buffalo Tonneau was a tonneau model.  It could seat 4 passengers and sold for US$3000.  The dual electric motors, situated at the rear of the car, produced 5 hp (3.7 kW) each and used a 40-cell pasted plate battery.  The car weighed 3600 lb (1633 kg).

See also
Buffalo Electric Vehicle Company

References
 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (January, 1904)

Electric vehicles introduced in the 20th century
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Brass Era vehicles
History of Buffalo, New York
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1904
1904 establishments in New York (state)
Manufacturing companies based in Buffalo, New York

Buffalo Electric Carriage


Antonio Squarcialupi (27 March 1416 – 6 July 1480) was an Italian organist and composer.  He was the most famous organist in Italy in the mid-15th century.

Life
He was born in Florence to a butcher with the family name of Giovanni; however he took the name of Squarcialupi, a well-known family from Tuscany, by mid-century, possibly to disguise his less than aristocratic origins. Most of his early life must have been spent in Florence, and he likely studied with both organist Giovanni Mazzuoli (also called Jovannes de Florentia, who was a pupil of Francesco Landini), as well as Matteo di Pagolo da Prato.

He acquired the post of organist at the Orsanmichele in Florence in 1431, but only remained there for two years, moving instead to the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, at which post he remained for the rest of his life.  He has been honored with a bust in this church.

Music and influence

Squarcialupi was part of the court of Lorenzo de' Medici, and was also a colleague of Guillaume Dufay; there are numerous laudatory references to him in the middle of the 15th century, some, for instance that of diarist Luca Landucci, comparing him in stature to figures such as the sculptor Donatello.  Evidently he was quite close to Lorenzo, and this is mentioned in his epitaph in Florence Cathedral.

None of his music has survived.  His principal fame in music history, aside from his fame as an organist, is to have given his name to the splendid Squarcialupi Codex, a document he owned (but did not compile), and which is the richest source of music from Italy of the 14th century.

References

 Kurt von Fischer, "Antonio Squarcialupi", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.

Italian classical organists
Male classical organists
Cathedral organists
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Renaissance composers
15th-century Italian composers
Musicians from Florence
1416 births
1480 deaths
15th-century people from the Republic of Florence

Antonio Squarcialupi


The Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST) is a non-profit professional organization focused on promoting the international iron and steel industry through networking and education. The AIST has over 17,500 members in over 70 countries, though the majority of its members are from North America, reflecting its historical link to the American Steel industry.   The AIST was formed from a merger from two older organizations, the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers and the Iron and Steel Society in 2004. AIST is a member organization of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). The head office of the organization is in Warrendale, Pennsylvania.  From these offices is published the monthly Iron and Steel Technology magazine. The Association also runs an international conference each year called AISTech. AIST also offers training courses and local events organized by its various member chapters and technical committees.

Technology Divisions

The AIST has a number of active Divisions reflecting the diversity of technological interests in the steel industry, these are:
Safety and Environment
Cokemaking and Ironmaking
Steelmaking
Refining and Casting
Rolling and Processing
Metallurgy
Energy and Control
Plant Services and Reliability
Materials Movement and Transportation

These divisions are served by a number of committees that organize sessions at the AISTech conference and oversee training and education activities relating to these areas of knowledge.

References

Trade associations based in the United States
Engineering societies based in the United States


Hendrik Jan Schimmel (June 30, 1823 – November 14, 1906), Dutch poet, novelist and financier, was born at 's-Graveland, in the province of North Holland, where his father was a notary and the burgomaster.

Biography
From 1836 to 1842 Schimmel served in his father's office, and upon his death he worked in the office of the agent of the Dutch Treasury in Amsterdam, in 1849 he took a post with the Dutch Trading Company there. In 1863 he became a director of the Amsterdam Credit Association. His first volume of poems appeared in 1852; but his literary position was made as a writer of historical dramas in blank verse and one of the regenerators of the Dutch stage. His finest production was Struensee (1868), which was preceded by Napoleon Bonaparte (1851) and Juffrouw Serklaas ("Mrs Serklaas," 1857).

Among his other dramatic works were Joan Woutersz (a drama, 1847), Twee Tudors ("Two Tudors," 1847), Gondelbald (1848), Schuld en boete ("Guilt and Retribution," a drama, 1852), Het Kind van Staat ("The State Child," a dramatic fragment, 1859); Zege na strijd ("Struggle and Triumph," a drama, 1878). Schimmel's renderings of Casimir de la Vigne's Louis XI., Geibel's Sophonisbe, and Ponsard's Lucréce are also still acted in the Netherlands.

His novels are distinguished by their vigorous style and able characterization. The earlier, better-known ones betray the writer's English proclivities. The plots of Mary Hollis (1860, 3 vols, English translation, London 1872, under the title of Mary Hollis, a Romance of the Days of Charles II and William, Prince of Orange, 3 vols) and of Mylady Carlisle (1864, 4 vols) are laid in England, whereas those of his Sinjeur Semeyns (1875, 3 vols), a powerful picture of the terrible year 1672, and of De kapitein van de lijfgarde (1888, 3 vols, English adaptation, 1896, under the title of The Lifeguardsman, 1 vol.), a continuation of Master Semeyns, are almost entirely centred in Holland.

He had many points of style and manner in common with Madame Bosboom-Toussaint, though both remained highly original in their treatment. Both finally reverted to essentially national subjects. To the earlier romances of Schimmel belong: Bonaparte en zijn tijd ("Bonaparte and his Time," 1853), De eerste dag eens nieuwen levens ("The First Day of a New Life," 2 vols, 1855), Sproken en vertellingen ("Legends and Tales," 1855), Een Haagsche joffer ("A Hague Damsel," 1857), De Vooravond der revolutie ("The Eve of the Revolution," 1866).

Schimmel was an early collaborator of Potgieter on the De Gids staff. His dramatic works appeared in a collected edition in 1885–1886 at Amsterdam (3 vols), followed by a complete and popular issue of his novels (Schiedam, 1892). He spent his last years in work on spiritualistic research and died at Bussum in 1906.

References

1823 births
1906 deaths
People from Wijdemeren
Dutch male poets
Dutch male novelists
19th-century Dutch poets
19th-century Dutch novelists
19th-century Dutch male writers

Hendrik Jan Schimmel


Agi Jambor (February 4, 1909 – February 3, 1997) was a Hungarian-born pianist.

Biography
Jambor was born in 1909 in Budapest, Hungary, the half-Jewish daughter of a wealthy businessman and a prominent piano teacher. A piano prodigy, she was playing Mozart before she could read and at age 12 made her debut with a symphony orchestra.

From 1926 to 1931, Jambor studied piano with Edwin Fischer at the  Berlin University of the Arts. In the early 1930s, at the height of her popularity, she fled to Paris and into exile, preferring playing practice piano in a dance studio to performing on the concert stage.

In 1933, Jambor married Imre Patai, a physicist and pianist. In 1937 she won Fifth Prize at the III International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw.

Trapped with her husband when the Nazis overran Holland, and unable to escape to the United States, she later returned to Hungary, which was still neutral. She had a baby, a son who died within two weeks. A picture of the infant would remain on her bedside table the rest of her life.

The Nazis invaded in 1944 and Jambor participated in the Resistance, often dressed as a prostitute in seductive clothes and heavy makeup, calling herself Maryushka. She refused to return or perform in Germany again.

She and her husband came to the United States in 1947. Her husband died two years later, his health destroyed by the war.

Between 1955 and 1957, Jambor recorded five albums for Capitol Records in New York City, New York.

After leaving Baltimore for Philadelphia in 1957, she began performing with the Philadelphia Orchestra, where she became a favorite soloist of Eugene Ormandy and was acclaimed by conductor Bruno Walter. She received rave reviews and made 12 recordings for Capitol Records.

She also became professor of classical piano at Bryn Mawr College, which named her professor emeritus in 1974.

She was married to actor Claude Rains from 1959 to 1960.

Jambor died of cancer at Gilchrist Center of Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Towson, Maryland on February 3, 1997, one day before her 88th birthday.

References

External links
 Fryderyk Chopin Information Centre - Agi Jambor
 Agi Jambor: A Nearly Forgotten Pianist

1909 births
1997 deaths
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Hungarian classical pianists
Jewish American classical composers
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Women classical pianists
Berlin University of the Arts alumni
Bryn Mawr College faculty
Prize-winners of the International Chopin Piano Competition
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century composers
20th-century women pianists

Agi Jambor


The Motocross des Nations (in French) is an annual team motocross race, where riders representing their country meet at what is billed as the "Olympics of Motocross". The event has been staged since 1947, where the team of Bill Nicholson, Fred Rist and Bob Ray, representing Great Britain, took home the Chamberlain Trophy for the first time.

The event as it stands today is an amalgamation of three separate events, the original Motocross des Nations, raced with 500cc motorcycles, the Trophée des Nations, raced with 250cc motorcycles, and the Coupe des Nations, for 125cc motorcycles. Before 1984, the three events were held in different locations on different weekends, whereafter they were combined into a single event with one rider per class.

The scoring for the event works on the position system, i.e. first place is awarded one point, second place two, etc. Each class (currently MXGP, MX2 and Open) races twice, each time against one of other two classes, for a total of three races. The worst score of three races is dropped, and the lowest combined score wins.

The event's name has been officially anglicised (as Motocross of Nations "MXON") since 2004, when Youthstream was awarded promotional rights for the World Motocross Grand Prix, although the general moniker Des Nations or MXDN is still very much in use. Races are streamed live on the MXGP website.

Historically Great Britain dominated the early years. With the rise of motocross in North America from the 1970s, the USA embarked on a famous winning streak, lasting 13 years from 1981 to 1993.

Motocross des Nations winners

Participating nations 2000–2023

Participating nations pre-2000

Participating nations: 500cc-only era

Trophée des Nations winners

References

External links
 Monster Energy FIM Motocross of Nations, official website
 Teams for the 2015 MXoN
 News on change of 2017 MXoN venue from Glen Helen to Matterley Basin

Motocross
World motorcycle racing series

Motocross des Nations


William Robert Giblin (4 November 1840 – 17 January 1887) was Premier of Tasmania (Australia) from 5 March 1878 until 20 December 1878 and from 1879 until 1884.

Early life
Giblin was born at Hobart, Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), son of William Giblin, clerk of the registrar of deeds, and his wife Marion, née Falkiner. He was educated first at a school kept by his uncle Robert Giblin and afterwards at Hobart High School. Leaving school at 13 Giblin was articled to John Roberts, solicitor. Giblin was a great reader with a retentive memory, in 1862 won a prize for the best poem on the conversion of St Paul, and about this time delivered some lectures on literary subjects. In 1864 he was admitted as a barrister and solicitor, entered into partnership with John Dobson and subsequently with one of his sons Henry Dobson. Also in 1864 Giblin was one of the founders of the Hobart Working Men's Club, was elected its president, and was re-elected on several occasions subsequently. Giblin began to interest himself in public life and especially in the proposed railway from Hobart to Launceston.

Political career
In 1869 Giblin was elected without opposition as member for Hobart Town in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, and in February 1870 became attorney-general in the James Milne Wilson ministry. Wilson resigned in November 1872 and was succeeded by Frederick Innes. In August 1873 Giblin carried a motion of want of confidence but did not desire the premiership, and Alfred Kennerley formed a cabinet with Giblin as his attorney-general. This ministry lasted nearly three years and Giblin was able to bring in some useful legal legislation. In June 1877 Giblin lost his seat at the general election, but he was soon afterwards elected for Wellington and joined the cabinet of Sir Philip Fysh as attorney-general, exchanging that position for the treasurership a few days later. When Fysh left for London in March 1878 Giblin succeeded him as premier and held office until 20 December 1878. The William Crowther government which followed could do little in the conditions of the period, and when it resigned in October 1879 Giblin realised that the only way to get useful work done would be to form a coalition ministry. This he succeeded in doing and he became premier and colonial treasurer on 30 October 1879. His government lasted nearly five years and during that period the finances of the colony were put in order and railways and roads were built. Important work was done although the conservative elements in the Tasmanian Legislative Council succeeded in hampering the government to some extent. In December 1881 Giblin exchanged the position of treasurer for that of attorney-general with John S. Dodds. He represented Tasmania at the intercolonial tariff conference at Sydney in 1881 and at the Sydney federal conference in 1883, and took an important part in the debates.

Late life
In August 1884, Giblin resigned from the cabinet on account of failing health; on 7 February 1885 he accepted the position of puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania, and during the absence of the chief justice administered the government in October–November 1886. Giblin died of heart disease in Hobart on 17 January 1887, aged 46. In 1865, he married Emily Jean Perkins who survived him along with their four sons and three daughters. His second son was the statistician Lyndhurst Giblin.

The prominent bluff to the south of Legges Tor on the Ben Lomond plateau is named after William Giblin, as his son was a member of the survey party that explored the northern aspect of the mountain in 1907.

The banker and cricketer Vincent Wanostrocht Giblin (1817–1884) was a nephew, and many other members of the Giblin family were prominent in Tasmanian society.

References

 Tasmanian photographer Thomas J. Nevin 1842-1923

External links

Premiers of Tasmania
1840 births
1887 deaths
Judges of the Supreme Court of Tasmania
Politicians from Hobart
Leaders of the Opposition in Tasmania
Treasurers of Tasmania
Colony of Tasmania judges
19th-century Australian politicians

William Giblin


Claude Quenneville is a Canadian sports commentator in Quebec. He served as the French-language radio voice of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League. He began his career at the age of 14 at radio station CJMT-AM in Chicoutimi and was later hired by the CBC as an announcer in 1971. In 1973-74, he hosted a weekly variety show, called Tempo.

He became well known by becoming the announcer for radio broadcasts for games played by the Montreal Canadiens from 1982 to 1990. He also hosted the popular show La Soirée du hockey on SRC, and been a long-time commentator on Olympic events; including weightlifting events at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, diving events at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, gymnastics events at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, athletics in Atlanta at the 1996 Olympics and ice hockey in Nagano at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Quenneville has also covered the Commonwealth Games of Edmonton (1978), of Edinburgh (1986) and Victoria (1994).

His work as sports commentator has earned him two Gémeaux Awards - the first in 1991 for the best sports commentator and the second in 1994 with Gilles Tremblay for La Soirée du Hockey.

References

Canadian sports announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
Montreal Canadiens announcers
Toronto Maple Leafs announcers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Olympic Games broadcasters

Claude Quenneville


Whittemore House (also known as the Walter D. Wilcox House and the John C. Weeks House) is an historic building located at 1526 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  The former private residence, whose previous occupants include a musician, several politicians, and a mountain explorer, now serves as a historic house museum and headquarters of the Woman's National Democratic Club (WNDC).

History
The Shingle style home was designed by local architect Harvey L. Page in 1892 and completed two years later.  The original owner was opera singer Sarah Adams Whittemore, the daughter of Reverend Henry Adams, a descendant of President John Adams.

In addition to Whittemore, past occupants include Senator John F. Dryden (1903), railroad entrepreneur and chairman of the Isthmian Canal Commission Theodore P. Shonts (1906-1907), and Representative John W. Weeks (1907-1911).  In 1907, Canadian Rockies explorer Walter Wilcox inherited the house, and lived there from 1911 to 1926.  The following year the home was purchased by the WNDC.  In 1967, the addition of a ballroom on the Q Street side of the building was completed.  The concrete Modernist expansion was designed by architect Nicholas Satterlee, whose work includes Holmes Run Acres.

The Whittemore House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and is designated as a contributing property to the Dupont Circle Historic District.

Current usage
In addition to serving as the WNDC's clubhouse, Whittemore House is home to the Woman's National Democratic Club Museum, which features memorabilia from various Democratic political campaigns, photographs, antique furnishings from the Gilded Age, and art exhibits.

See also
 List of museums in Washington, D.C.
 List of women's club buildings
 National Register of Historic Places listings in the upper NW Quadrant of Washington, D. C.

References

External links

 thewhittemorehouse.com, official site
 democraticwoman.org, official site of the Woman's National Democratic Club

Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Dupont Circle
Historic house museums in Washington, D.C.
Houses completed in 1894
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.
Modernist architecture in Washington, D.C.
Shingle Style architecture in Washington, D.C.
Shingle Style houses
Women's club buildings
Women in Washington, D.C.

Whittemore House (Washington, D.C.)


Neyveli is a town in Cuddalore district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was developed in 1956 after the establishment (construction) of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.

History
In 1935, the presence of black particles was discovered. It was found that the particles are Lignite. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation was formed by the Government of India in 1956. The mining of lignite was started in 1962. Later thermal power station was started in 1962 with the co-operation of U.S.S.R.

Population
As per 2011 census, population of Neyveli is 105,687.The male and female population are 53,442 and 52,245 respectively. Average literacy rate of Neyveli city is 90.98%. The sex ratio is 978 females per 1000 males.

Reference

Cuddalore district

Neyveli


The subtropics are a climatic region of the world. They lie between the tropics and temperate zones. The temperate zones are more towards the geographical poles, the tropics are more towards the equator. Very often, subtropics are defined through the climate: In general, the mean temperature year round is above , the coldest month of the year has a temperature below this mark. Unlike in a tropical climate, snow and frost do occur in subtropical areas. Humid subtropical climates have hot summers and cool to warm winters with abundant rainfall in every season. Mediterranean climates with their warm to hot dry summers and cool to mild wet winters are often considered subtropical. Subtropical deserts have very hot summers and cool to warm winters, with little rain. Different subtropical areas have different types of plants. Humid subtropical areas have evergreen and deciduous trees, Mediterranean areas have scrub, and deserts have cacti.

Regions
Climate

Subtropics


Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It's located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and al-ʻIrāq al-ʻArabi ("Arabian Irāq"), as opposed to "Persian Iraq", the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to  Sumer and Babylonia.

Delimitation
The medieval Arab geographers placed the northern border between Iraq and Upper Mesopotamia (the Jazirah) in a line running from Anbar on the Euphrates to Tikrit on the Tigris, although later it was shifted to a line running due west from Tikrit, thus including several towns on the Euphrates past Anbar into Iraq.

Geography
An alluvial plain begins north of Tikrit Near Hamrin Mountains and extends to the Persian Gulf. Here the Tigris and Euphrates lie above the level of the plain in many places, and the whole area is a river delta interlaced by the channels of the two rivers and by qanat. Intermittent lakes, fed by the rivers in flood, also characterize southeastern Iraq. A fairly large area () just above the confluence of the two rivers at al Qurnah and extending east of the Tigris beyond the Iranian border is marshland, known as Lake Hammar, the result of centuries of flooding and inadequate drainage. Much of it is permanent marsh, but some parts dry out in early winter, and other parts become marshland only in years of great flood.

Because the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates above their confluence are heavily silt-laden, irrigation and fairly frequent flooding deposit large quantities of silty loam in much of the delta area. Windborne silt contributes to the total deposit of sediments. It has been estimated that the delta plains are built up at the rate of nearly twenty centimeters in a century. In some areas, major floods lead to the deposit in temporary lakes of as much as thirty centimeters of mud.

The Tigris and Euphrates also carry large quantities of salts. These, too, are spread on the land by sometimes excessive irrigation and flooding. A high water table and poor surface and subsurface drainage tend to concentrate the salts near the surface of the soil. In general, the salinity of the soil increases from Baghdad south to the Persian Gulf and severely limits productivity in the region south of Amarah. The salinity is reflected in the large lake in central Iraq, southwest of Baghdad, known as Lake Milh. There are two other major lakes in the country to the north of Lake Milh: Lake Tharthar and Lake Habbaniyah.

See also
 List of Umayyad governors of Iraq

References

Sources

Geography of the Middle East
Historical regions of Iraq

Lower Mesopotamia


Professor Mooli Lahad (; born 1953) is an Israeli psychologist and psychotrauma specialist, known for his creative methods of intervention and treatment of stress.  He is the founder and former director of the Institute of Dramatherapy, and founding president  of the CSPC - The International Stress Prevention Centre, at Tel Hai College in Kiryat Shmona, Israel.  He is also Professor of Psychology at Tel Hai College and was a visiting Professor of Dramatherapy at Surrey University, England.

Lahad received his first PhD in psychology and a second in human and life science.

Lahad champions the application of creative approaches such as dramatherapy and bibliotherapy in the prevention and treatment of psychotrauma.

He developed the Integrative Model of Coping and Resiliency 'BASIC PH' and the 'SEE FAR CBT' psychotrauma treatment protocol, adopted by other practitioners worldwide.  This centres on people's natural coping mechanisms, of which he has identified six types.  The method aims to help people suffering from anxiety disorders or traumatized individuals to reduce their symptoms either completely or to a manageable level to enable them to regain a sense of control of their lives.

Lahad has practised his methods in the immediate aftermath of disasters such as the 1999 earthquake in Turkey, the United States dealing with the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, in New York City and New Jersey and in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami and Japan 2011-2014 following the tsunami.  This has included both dealing with individual cases and providing 'cascade' training of professionals known as 'train the trainers' or 'helping the helpers' who then go on to train others, to quickly build a large force of counsellors a concept he calls 'building islands of resiliency'.
In 1979, he founded the Community Stress Prevention Center, in conjunction with the Israeli Ministry of Education.

Lahad is the former director of the Kiryat Shmona educational psychology services (1984–88), and former head of the Haifa University bibliotherapy course (1986–89).  He is the author or co-author of 35 books and the recipient of seven professional prizes among them : The Bonner Prize for outstanding contributions to Stress Prevention and the Education System in Israel from the Israeli Psychological Association, The Adler Institute for the welfare of the child Prize Tel Aviv University, and the Israeli Lottery Prize for Innovations in medicine for developing telepsychology services. In 2017 he received the world WIZO organization award for his humanitarian work in disaster areas worldwide.

References

Rosenfeld, L.B., Caye, J., Lahad, M., Gurwitch, R. (2010) When their World Falls Apart: Helping Families and Children Manage the Effects of Disasters. (2nd Edition) Washington DC: NASW Press  (Revised edition)
Lahad, M., Doron, M. (2010) SEE FAR CBT: beyond Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Protocol for treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Amsterdam: IOS Press
Lahad, M., Shacham, M., Ayalon, O. (2013) The "BASIC PH" Model of Coping and Resiliency -Theory, Research and Cross-Cultural Application. London: Jessica Kingsley
Lahad, M. (2017) The Lonely Ape that told himself stories. The necessity of stories for human survival. NY: Nova Science publishers.

External links
Community Stress Prevention Centre

Israeli psychotherapists
Israeli psychologists
Israeli scientists
1953 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Surrey
Bibliotherapy
Bar-Ilan University alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Academic staff of Tel-Hai Academic College

Mooli Lahad


Imaginaerum (also promoted as Imaginaerum by Nightwish) is a 2012 fantasy film co-written and directed by Stobe Harju. It was developed with and features music from Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish's seventh studio album of the same name; Nightwish's keyboardist and songwriter Tuomas Holopainen co-wrote the film. Imaginaerum, which is produced by Markus Selin from Solar Films Inc. along with Nightwish, is the feature film debut of director Stobe Harju.

It received grants from the Finnish Film Foundation, a Finnish government institution. The film received $575,000 toward its $3.7 million budget. The film was originally titled Imaginarium, but the title was later changed to Imaginaerum in order to avoid mix-ups. The film was released on 23 November 2012 in Finland, followed by releases in Germany (21 March 2013), Australia (22 October 2014), and North America (16 June 2015).

Plot
Thomas Whitman is a 75-year-old former musician who has lapsed into a coma after years of suffering from multi-infarct dementia. As he is clinging to his life while his estranged daughter Gem ponders on signing a do not resuscitate order, Thomas' mind enters a fantasy world where he relives his life as a ten-year-old orphan. After meeting a girl named Ann at the orphanage and acquiring a snow globe containing a dancing figurine named "Arabesque", young Thomas befriends a snowman named "Mr. White", who takes him on a flight to the skies. But while chasing his father Theodore's airplane, Thomas loses his balance and falls into a surreal world bordered by a run-down roller coaster track, which represents his mind and memories. As pieces of the track fall apart, a mechanic, symbolic of Thomas' doctor in the real world, complains about how futile it is to try to repair the track. The doctor looks to a younger Gem for advice who says they should just let it fall apart; this coincides with Gem agreeing to the DNR order in the real world. Thomas meets a younger version of Gem and a 72-year-old Ann, who warn him about Mr. White. He runs to a "dollhouse", where he sees himself and Ann in their 30s, as members of his band Whitman. The elderly Ann once again appears in front of him, warning him that the snowman is evil and is responsible for the loss of his memories.

As he travels to other parts of his past, young Thomas witnesses the simultaneous events of both his father and his older self lamenting the deaths of their wives. Suddenly, Theodore pulls a gun and shoots himself through his head while the older Thomas smashes the Arabesque globe against the wall, resulting in Thomas distancing himself from his daughter. He chases after Gem throughout the dream world as they both age to the present day.

Back in the real world, Gem arrives at Thomas' home, where she encounters Ann. It is revealed that when Thomas and Ann toured together with their band, Thomas' wife was killed in a car accident when Gem was a child. Because Thomas was not around during her childhood, Gem grew up resenting him throughout her life. Ann informs her that the night that Thomas' wife died, Thomas was with her, as he had stopped her from overdosing on drugs at the time, which reminded him too much of his father's suicide. Later, Ann opens a safe in Thomas' study, only to find sheets of paper containing incomprehensible writing. Ann makes Gem realize that in time Thomas grew as bitter as his own father due to their similar pasts. As a result, he pushed her away in order not to hurt her as his father did. Gem realizes that the notes are all of Thomas' memories when he found out about his dementia and that he did care for her after all. She spends the night piecing the sheets together to form a pattern on the floor. When the house experiences a power failure and Gem's cell phone dies, Ann drives Gem to the hospital.

Meanwhile, in his dream world, Thomas rediscovers his memories with Gem and is determined to hold on to them. He confronts Mr. White, who reveals himself as the manifestation of Theodore. During the ensuing roller coaster ride, Thomas relinquishes his grip on his father. In turn, he lets go of his last memories of Theodore, and holds onto those of Gem. He reaches the end of the roller coaster ride and awakens from his coma with Gem and Ann by his bedside. With his last breath, Thomas reconciles with his daughter before passing away.

Gem returns to her father's home to play the grand piano. When she notices a key not playing right, she opens the lid and discovers a brass name plate lodged between the wires, removing it and placing it on the repaired snow globe. The name plate reads "G Em", revealing Gem's name as the keys G and E minor. Thomas mentions throughout the film that the two chords are key to his memories and all he wants is to hear them one last time. He told her that when the chords are played correctly, the Arabesque in the globe will spin. After Gem realizes Thomas really loved her, she plays the chord and the Arabesque spins, symbolizing their reconciliation.

Cast
 Marianne Farley as Gem Whitman, age 35
 Quinn Lord as Thomas Whitman, age 10
 Francis-Xavier McCarthy as Thomas Whitman, age 75
 Ilkka Villi as Theodore Whitman / The Snowman
 Joanna Noyes as Ann, age 73
 Keyanna Fielding as Gem Whitman, age 7
 Stéphane Demers as Twisted Tin Soldier
 Ron Lea as Dr. Jansson
 Hélène Robitaille as Arabesque
 Victoria Anne Jung as Ann, age 8
 Elias Toufexis as The Voice of Mr. White
 Madison McAleer as Orphan Girl
 Glenda Braganza as Tom's Nurse

Nightwish members
 Tuomas Holopainen as Thomas Whitman, ages 34 and 47
 Anette Olzon as Ann, age 32
 Marko Hietala as Marcus, age 35
 Emppu Vuorinen as Emil, age 32
 Jukka Nevalainen as Jack, age 34
 Troy Donockley as Magician / Gem's Assistant

Soundtrack

The score of the film was officially released by Nuclear Blast on November 9, 2012, on digital and CD formats. The tracks on the score are reinterpretations by Petri Alanko of songs previously released on the band's album Imaginaerum. The songs "Slow, Love, Slow", "Scaretale" and an instrumental version of "I Want My Tears Back" from the Imaginaerum album are also featured in the film.

Personnel
Nightwish
 Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards, piano
 Marko Hietala – bass, vocals
 Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
 Jukka Nevalainen – drums, percussion
 Anette Olzon – vocals
 Troy Donockley – Uilleann pipes, low whistle, bodhrán, bouzouki

Orchestra
 The Looking Glass Orchestra – orchestra
 Pip Williams – orchestrator
 James Shearman – conductor
 Isobel Griffiths – contractor
 Thomas Bowes – orchestra leader
 Pekka Kuusisto – violin
 Dermot Crehan – Hardanger fiddle
 Jussi Tegelman – music box
 Dirk Campbell – zurna
 Petri Alanko – additional synthesizers
 Paul Clarvis – ethnic percussion
 Stephen Henderson – ethnic percussion
 Kai Hahto – additional percussion
 Metro Voices – chorus
 The Young Musicians London – children's choir

Charts

Production

Development
In the beginning of autumn 2008, Nightwish frontman Tuomas Holopainen first introduced the idea for the film to fellow band members and to film director Stobe Harju with whom the band had worked on the music video for "The Islander". Harju immediately liked the concept. Holopainen's original idea was to shoot a music video for each of the thirteen songs of the album, but Harju suggested they should also include dialogue. Both started pre-production on Imaginaerum and Harju wrote a 70-page first draft of the screenplay based on Holopainen's original ideas. It was decided that instead of a collection of separate music videos they should create a full movie with a bigger story. The film was developed simultaneously with the album.

On the story, Holopainen commented: "I wanted to convey a positive message and a sense of carpe diem. The movie is about the joy of being alive and the beauty of the world." For the visuals of the film, he cited the works of Tim Burton, Neil Gaiman and Salvador Dalí as inspirations. Harju described the musical style of Imaginaerum as "a cross between Moulin Rouge! and Pink Floyd's The Wall". The film will heavily feature CGI and other special effects.

Nightwish members will appear both as themselves playing some of the songs and in small supporting roles featuring dialogue. Holopainen will appear as "a gray and wrinkled 50-year-old". Harju wanted the audience "to feel the presence of Nightwish" and designed the names of the characters the band members are playing to resemble their own names: Anette Olzon plays Ann, Tuomas Holopainen plays Tom, Marko Hietala plays Marcus, Emppu Vuorinen plays Emil and Jukka Nevalainen plays Jack.

Some of the music in the movie will be slightly different from that of the album and there will be also a score written by Petri Alanko, who composed the video game Alan Wake for which Harju directed the cutscenes. According to Holopainen the running time of the film will be "around 80 minutes".

At the end of May 2011 final changes were made to the screenplay and part of the post-production was started before the actual shooting. It was revealed that there is an animated character who "will surely be remembered by many a Nightwish fan". A blog update on Nightwish's site stated that "Imaginaerum will in no way be a children's movie but a dark and foreboding fantasy; a dream world that lacks no surprises."

The film was first announced publicly on February 10, 2011 on the official site of Nightwish. A teaser poster by Janne "Toxic Angel" Pitkänen was released and a trailer is expected to be released before the end of 2011.

Casting was completed in August 2011. Shooting was completed in 18 days between September and October 2011, mostly in Montreal, Quebec, Canada due to the incentives the country offers to foreign movie productions. Bassist Marko Hietala revealed that all scenes featuring Nightwish have already been completed as of September 23, 2011.

On October 11, 2011, the cast was announced on the official website, including Francis X. McCarthy, Quinn Lord, Marianne Farley, Joanna Noyes, Ilkka Villi, Keyanna Fielding, Ron Lea, Victoria Jung, Hélène Robitaille, and Stephane Demers.

A teaser trailer of the film was uploaded to Nightwish's YouTube channel on April 24, 2012, while a full theatrical trailer of the film was released on 16 October 2012.

The world premiere of the film was on 10 November 2012 at the Hartwall Arena in Helsinki.

Reception
Metal Hammer commented that the film is "definitely a must-see for Nightwish fans" while saying that "While some scenes feel a little contrived, the cinematography is stunning and the use of Nightwish's music is tastefully done, with the score complementing the Imaginaerum album perfectly." Blabbermouth stated that "Imaginaerum creates a musical fantasy world in the vein of David Lynch, Neil Gaiman, and Cirque du Soleil. The movie is an innovative mixture of story-telling and music, an extraordinary tale of the power of imagination… and what's ultimately important in life." Juha Rosenqvist of Film-O-Holic gave the film a score of 3 out of 5 stars, also commenting that the movie was done more for the band fans than the overall public, while commenting that the film "is a huge ambition of Nightwish's musical landscape visualization of the mind, where the music video narrative means a tightrope artists stretched to feature-length film frames." The review also commented that the character Thomas Whitman is "a certain level of Tuomas Holopainen's alter ego". About its premiere on North America's Fantasia Festival, Ariel Esteban Cayer stated that the film is "a must for die-hard Nightwish fans, of course, but also recommended to enthusiasts of dark fantasy, sombre musicals, the macabre and the enchanting."

Home media
Imaginaerum was released on Blu-ray in Germany on 31 May 2013 and in Australia on 22 October 2014. The film was also released in North America on 16 June 2015. The film was released in the UK by High Fliers Films as Imaginaerum - The Other World on 17 October 2016.

Accolades

References

External links

 Official website

 Official news page
 Official website at Solar Films

  Imaginaerum on Allociné.fr

2012 films
2010s fantasy adventure films
2010s musical fantasy films
Canadian fantasy adventure films
Canadian musical fantasy films
Finnish fantasy films
Finnish musical films
English-language Canadian films
English-language Finnish films
Films about dementia
Films about old age
Films about pianos and pianists
Films about suicide
Films based on albums
Films shot in Montreal
Heavy metal films
Nightwish
2010s English-language films
2010s Canadian films

Imaginaerum (film)


Young and Dangerous () is a 1996 Hong Kong crime film about a group of triad members, detailing their adventures and dangers in a Hong Kong Triad society. Directed by the film's cinematographer Andrew Lau, the film features a large ensemble cast, which includes Ekin Cheng, Jordan Chan, Gigi Lai, Jason Chu, Jerry Lamb, Michael Tse, Francis Ng and Simon Yam.

Based on a popular comic book series named "Guwak Tsai" or "Teddy Boy" in English.  This film contributed a lot to the public image of triads and was condemned by certain quarters as glorifying secret triad societies. However, it was immensely popular in Hong Kong and spun a long list of sequels and spin-offs. Its main actors and actresses have also become major stars in their own right.

Plot
Beginning in 1985, teenagers Chan Ho Nam (Ekin Cheng), his best friends "Chicken" Chiu (Jordan Chan), Dai Tin-Yee (Michael Tse), Pou Pan (Jerry Lam) and older brother Chow Pan (Jason Chu) idolise the local "Hung Hing" Society and one of its leaders, "Uncle Bee" (Ng Chi Hung). When Ho Nam and his friends are beaten by Hung Hing's "Ugly Kwan" (Francis Ng) and his men following a misunderstanding, they decide to join the society, following Bee.

Ten years later, in 1995, Ho Nam and his buddies have established themselves as Bee's enforcers, performing their first successful hit on Kwan's associate "Ba Bai" (Joe Chen). At the same time, Brother Fai Hung has the stuttering Smartie (Gigi Lai) carjack Ho Nam's Toyota MR2 and demand payment, but unfortunately she gets caught by Ho Nam and his friends and is punished by eating dozens of Chinese barbecue pork buns.

Seeing Ho Nam is making a name for himself in the society, Kwan attempts to buy him out and have Ho Nam work for him instead of Bee, but the gangster refuses. When he finds Smartie about to be forced into an adult film produced by Kwan's studio, Ho Nam takes her aside, claiming she is his woman. The indebted Smartie follows him, even beginning to fall for him. One day, Bee is tasked with an assignment by Hung Hing chairman Chiang Tin Sung (Simon Yam) to head to Macau and perform another hit. Bee orders Ho Nam and his men to execute the plan. Sadly, this was all a ploy on Kwan's doing: by using Chicken's fidelity to separate  him from Ho Nam and falsifying information to chairman Chiang, Ho Nam and his remaining friends are ambushed by other triad members under Kwan. Chow Pan is brutally killed and Ho Nam is blamed for the failed hit. Friendships begin to tear apart when Chicken's girlfriend and Ho Nam are kidnapped and drugged by Kwan's men into sex, videotaping their actions as proof of violating secret society rules. With nearly all of Hung Hing looking for them, Chicken heads to Taiwan in exile.

At a Hung Hing summit, Kwan accuses Bee of failing the hit and Ho Nam for breaking the society "code" of sleeping with his best friend's woman, with the videotape as evidence. Kwan also takes the opportunity to blame chairman Chiang for not maintaining order within the society and nominates himself as the new chairman. Other branch leaders are in agreement, thus Chiang steps down and Kwan takes the head position, with only Bee opposing him. To settle things, Ho Nam is punished and banned from rejoining Hung Hing. Ten months later, Kwan orders Bee killed alongside his entire family. With most of Hung Hing siding with Kwan, and no evidence to support Kwan killing Bee, Ho Nam can do next to nothing, until Chicken returns from Taiwan, now a branch leader in a local triad and re-establishes relations with his friends. Deciding to get rid of Kwan and bring back the morally inclined Chiang, Ho Nam and Chicken bribe other branch leaders into assassinating Kwan. Working indirectly with local law enforcement, who have discovered Kwan has been smuggling cocaine using his film studio, Ho Nam and his allies manage to corner Kwan, who admits to everything. When Kwan tries to escape using Pou Pan as a hostage, he is shot and killed by a police officer for wielding a firearm and pointing at him.

Chiang returns and reclaims the position of Hung Hing chairman, congratulating Ho Nam for his efforts, ensuring his name will be well known throughout the society.

Cast and roles
 Ekin Cheng - Chan Ho Nam
 Jordan Chan - Chicken
 Gigi Lai - Smartie
 Jason Chu - Chow Pan
 Jerry Lamb - Pou Pan
 Michael Tse - Dai Tin-Yee
 Francis Ng - Ugly Kwan
 Simon Yam - Chiang Tin-Sung
 Suki Chan - Ho Yan
 Ng Chi Hung - Uncle Bee
 Joe Chen - Ba-Bai
 Ha Ping - Mrs. Lee
 Dion Lam - Silly Keung
 Spencer Lam - Father Lam
 Lee Siu-kei - Kei
 Shing Fui-On - Brother Sau
 Wang Lung-wei - Master Wai
 Wai-Man Chan - Camel Head

See also
 Young and Dangerous (series)

References

External links

Triad films
1996 action thriller films
1996 crime thriller films
Hong Kong crime films
Hong Kong action thriller films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Films set in Hong Kong
Films set in Macau
Films set in 1985
Films set in 1995
1996 films
Golden Harvest films
Films directed by Andrew Lau
1990s Hong Kong films

Young and Dangerous


Mod, MOD or mods may refer to:

Places
 Modesto City–County Airport, Stanislaus County, California, US

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music
 Mods (band), a Norwegian rock band
 M.O.D. (Method of Destruction), a band from New York City
 The Mods (band), a punk rock band from Toronto
 Circuit bending, modification of an existing circuit such as a guitar pedal, digital keyboard, or drum machine

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
 Mod (movie), 2011 movie
 The Mods (movie), 2014 movie
 Mod (video games), changes  to a video game, usually by persons not associated with the main developers, which may affect visuals, gameplay, and other aspects
 Mòd, a festival of Scottish Gaelic song, arts and culture
 Media-on-demand, a new generation of video on demand
 MuchOnDemand, a music-television show that airs on MuchMusic in Canada

Brands and enterprises
 Mod Club Theatre, a nightclub in Toronto, Canada
 MOD Pizza, a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States

Organizations
 MoD (UK), the UK Ministry of Defence
 Masters of Deception, a US-based hacker group
 Ministry of Defence, a part of the government responsible for defence
 Ministry of Development (Brunei), a Bruneian government ministry

Science and technology

Computing and Internet
 Mod, a module for Apache HTTP Server
 Case modding, the modification of a computer chassis
 Forum moderator, a person who watches over an Internet message board
 Module file, a family of computer music formats which play patterns of embedded sound samples
 MOD (file format), the first module file format
 Source code file (for an implementation module) in the programming language Modula-2

Mathematics
 Mod n cryptanalysis, a partitioning attack applicable to block and stream ciphers
 Modulo (mathematics), a mathematical term
 Modular arithmetic, a system of arithmetic for integers where numbers return to zero after a certain value
 Modulo operation, the remainder of division of one number by another
 Modular exponentiation, a type of exponentiation performed over a modulus
 Remainder, the "left over" part in division of integers which cannot be expressed with an integer quotient

Other uses in science and technology
 Mod, a type of electronic cigarette
 MOD and TOD, a tapeless video format by JVC
 Modchip, a device designed to modify the behavior of an electronic system
 Model organism database, a database that houses and disseminates organism-specific biological knowledge
 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, a medical condition

Other uses
 MOD (Marehan, Ogaden, Darawiish)
Mod (subculture), 1960s British youth subculture
 Mod revival, a rebirth of the mod subculture in the late 1970s
 MOD, a basic unit of time used in the MODAPTS predetermined motion time system
 Body modification, the deliberate altering of the human body for non-medical reasons
 Honour Moderations, a first set of examinations at Oxford University
 Manufactured-on-demand, such as Warner Archive Collection
 Maximum operating depth, in scuba diving, the depth at which a gas mix exceeds safe limits
 Mod Cup, a trophy in the sport of shinty first competed for in 1969
 Modular scheduling, a system of school timetabling
 Multicultural organization development

Mod


The Wreckage is a log house in Ocean Park, Washington, constructed of unhewn logs in 1912. The house was built by author Guy S. Allison on the Long Beach Peninsula as a beach house, using salvaged materials. Recovering driftwood from the Pacific Ocean, Allison also made what he called a "zoo" of driftwood animal shapes surrounding the house that appear on U.S. Geological Survey maps as "Wreckage Park Zoo." The collection was featured in Ripley's Believe It or Not! and Strange as it Seems.

Guy S. Allison
Guy Selwin Allison was born near Hannibal, Missouri, on December 24, 1883. He arrived in Washington in 1906, attended the Washington State Normal School in Bellingham, and became a teacher and principal in Tacoma in 1907–1909. In 1911, he married his wife, Virginia, honeymooning on property in Ocean Park that he had purchased the same year. He left teaching, for health reasons, to work in the outdoors, and began writing his Bypaths of History syndicated column for western United States newspapers in the 1930s.

Description
The Wreckage is a log cabin, largely built of found and salvaged materials. The location on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River provided considerable opportunity for salvage from wrecked timber-carrying ships. The primary log structure came from a large raft of logs that broke up on the Columbia River bar in the winter of 1911, with logs spreading from Tillamook Head in Oregon to Leadbetter Point in Washington. The house's tongue-and-groove lumber was thrown overboard from the steamer Washington the same winter as it narrowly avoided being wrecked inside the Columbia's mouth. Cement for the foundation was obtained from the wrecked French barque Alice. Allison recovered the materials from the beach and planned a blockhouse-like cabin based on cabins he had seen in Sitka, Alaska, using simple hand tools to build the house.

The house is a -story structure, built in 1912, using  logs on the front and rear, and  logs on the sides. It rests on a concrete block foundation. The overhanging roof has gables at the ends and shed dormers in each of the long sides, extending out over the eaves to the edge of the roof. Window and door openings were sawn out of the solid log structure, with wood surrounds embellished with fishing net floats. A brick chimney stands at one end and another chimney is near the center of the house.

The Wreckage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1979. The driftwood zoo gradually disappeared over the years, as did several outbuildings, including a garage that Allison called "The Wreckagette."

Author Walter A. Tompkins set his novel CQ Ghost Ship at The Wreckage.

References

External links
 The Wreckage's blog

1912 establishments in Washington (state)
Houses completed in 1912
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures in Pacific County, Washington
Rustic architecture in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Pacific County, Washington
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)

The Wreckage (Ocean Park, Washington)


Portpaitrick (), is a veelage an ceevil pairish in the historical coonty o Wigtounshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, soothwast Scotland. It is locatit on the wast coast o the Rhins o Gallowa. The pairish is aboot 4.5 mile in lenth an 4 mile in brenth, kiverin 9,300 acre.

History

Datin back some 700 year an built aside the nearby ruins o Dunskey Castle, Portpatrick's position on the Rhins o Gallowa gies veesitors views o the coast o Northren Ireland 21 mile til the wast, wi clift-tap walks an strands baith north an sooth. The Gulf Stream, flowin in fae the north, gies the coast here a pleisant climate that subtropical plants can floorish in.

Portpaitrick his a Community Cooncil, an a annual Life Boat Week, featurin parauds, actieevitys, an a firewirks shaw. The're bouls clubs, a gowf club, mony guesthooses an hottles, an hameower taverns. The veelage is hame an aw til a mini puttin coorse.

Aside the inner herbour is the stairtin pynt o the Soothren Upland Wey, a lang-range walkin route tae Cockburnspaith on the east coast. The Portpatrick Hotel, built in 1905 an extendit in 1907, sits on the clifts abuin this pynt.

The veelage wis uised as yin o the locations for the 1952 pictur Hunted starnin Dirk Bogarde an directit bi Charles Crichton. It featurt an aw in the BBC drama Two Thousands Acres of Sky as a substitute for Portree.

Featurs

Herbour

Portpaitrick veelage wis foondit on fishin, operatin fae the saundy, crescent-shapen herbour that remeens the focal pynt o the veelage nouadays. Attempts wis made tae mak it safer fae the strang Sheuch (North Chainel) gells. In 1770 John Smeaton, the leadin ceevil ingineer o his day, wis appyntit tae mak forder impruivements. He biggit fleet-dykes that chainged the saundy bay intil a hained herbour. Strang wastlin winds an waws hinderly brak throu this wirks, an in 1821 John Rennie the Younger wis appyntit tae creaut a new herbour define't bi twa new piers. Siller problems an wather problems meant that thir piers wis niver feenisht. The caum inner basin, noo hame til the port's lifeboat, wis biggit atween 1861 an 1863, ower late tae kep the government muivin the mail service tae boats that sailt atween Stranrawer an Lairne. The herbour reteens a fleet o fishin boats, a NAVTEX, an a lifeboat station.

St Paitrick's Kirk

This ruint kirk, datin fae 1629, micht itsel staund on the ruins o an earlier kirk, kent as St Paitrick's Chaipel. The circular tour micht date fae the 1520s, an stuid oreeginal on its lane. Its unuisual shape (for Scotland) micht mean that it wis aither a lichthoose for the herbour, or influence't hivily bi Erse airchitectur.

In the 18t an 19t centurys, whan Portpaitrick wis an important ferry port for passengers, postal mail, an fraucht atween Ireland an Scotland, the veelage wis descrived as "the Gretna Green for Scotland".The war a daily packet boat fae Donaghadee, and mairiages for couples fae Ireland wis conductit bi the Kirk o Scotland meenister in Portpaitrick, awtho accordin tae Brack (1997) he aften mislippent the rules aboot the publication o cries or the require't speal o residence. It is believed that happy couples coud disembark, complete the ceremony, an be back on the boat within ae oor.

The haly-muild aroond the kirk conteens memorials tae mony veectims o shipwracks in nearby watters. Jyned til the oreeginal chaipel wis a destrict bi the name o the Black Quarter o Inch. Whan the kirk wis rebuilt in 1629, the Black Quarter wis disjyned fae Inch an biggit as the Pairish o Montgormerie. The name o the pairish wis chainged efter anely twa-three year tae that o Portpaitrick.

Railwey

Portpaitrick railwey station, completit in 1861, wis the oreeginal stance of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway. In its heyday it received twal-coach trains fae Glesga. It rain its last service tae Stranrawer on 6 Februar 1950. Portpaitrick wad likely be the eastren stance of the proposed road an rail Erse Sea Brig.

Dunskey Castle

Dunskey Castle is hauf mile sooth o the veelage. It is reakit bi a brent trail wi staps an a narrae brig. The site his seen at least twa castles, tho the praisent ruins date fae the 16t century.

Cairn Pat (Cairnpot) Hill Fort or Dounset

A lairge fort or wawed dounset enclosed an aurie o 3 acre, aboot 449 fit bi 410 fit, within twa waws, kivert on the wast bi twa ramparts set aboot 18 fit and 31 fit apairt, wi external ditchs. A third rampart awmaist 7 fit thick by 1 fit heich wis on the soothren approach, thareoot o that wis a law baunk aboot 5 fit wide. On the wast-nor'wast arc o the seicont waw the war an ingang gap aboot 4 fit wide. On the north a 7 fit road passt diaagonal throu the defences fae the nor'wast. Fae the sootheast a natural howe ran oot fae the fort, flankit on the wast bi a face o ootcroppin rock. At the heid o it on the wast side within the inner rampart wis foondations o a wee circular biggin measurin internal abbot 7 fit an ower aw 12 fit.

Portpaitrick NAVTEX transmissions

Portpaitrick is the steid that NAVTEX transmissions for the seas North an West of the UK is braidcast fae. For the purpose o extendit Shippin spaes, the Met Office uses Portpaitrick as the name o the spae aurie kiverin the sea ataween South-East Iceland an Lundy, including the watters aroond Ireland.

Leetit biggins in Portpaitrick

 9 North Crescent, Crown Hotel
 Dunskey, Gatepiers, Gates, and Boundary Walls to South Lodge
 Portpatrick Harbour Including Outer and Inner Harbour with Lifting Crane, Lifeboat Shed and Warehouse, South Pier, Lighthouse, Lightkeeper's Cottage and Old Lighthouse Pottery
 Dunskey Castle
 51 Main Street, Anglesea including Boundary Walls
 Deans place, Mansewood including Boundary Walls, Railings, and Gate
 1 Dinvin Street including Boundary Walls and Gatepiers
 Dunskey Gatepiers, Gates and Boundary Walls to North Lodge
 4-6A (Even Nos) Main Street
 21 And 23 Main Street, Gannochy and Burnbrae including Railings
 Dunskey, Gatepiers and Boundary Walls
 Portree Bridge
 29 Main Street, Ivy Cottage and Garden Flat including Boundary Walls and Railings
 Dunskey, Dunskey House including Sundial
 High Auchenree
 7 North Crescent including Boundary Walls
 21 South Crescent, Carlton House
 23 South Crescent, Erinview
 35 Main Street
 8 Main Street, Cowanlea
 St Patrick Street, Inglenook including Boundary Walls and Gatepiers
 Dunskey, Cable House
 School Brae, Portpatrick Church Hall (former Free Church) including Boundary Walls, Railings and Gate
 Killantringan Lighthouse and Keeper's Cottage including Foghorn, Outbuildings, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers
 Holm Street, Portpatrick Parish Church (Church of Scotland) including Boundary Walls, Gatepiers and Gates
 Dunskey, Home Farm
 Braefield Road, Braefield House including Boundary Walls and Railings
 Dunskey, South Lodge
 North Crescent, Harbourside and Craigview including Boundary Walls and Railings
 13 and 15 North Crescent, Lorac and Smugglers Cove, including Boundary Walls and Railings
 25 South Crescent, Ardbeg
 Dunskey, The Stables (formerly Dunskey Gardener's Cottages)
 Dunskey, Kennels House and Kennels
 25 Main Street, Commercial Inn including Railings, Boundary Walls and Gates
 Dunskey, Walled Garden and Greenhouses
 10 and 12 Main Street, Downshire Arms Hotel
 Heugh Road, Portpatrick Hotel including Boundary Walls and Gatepiers
 St Patrick Street, Old Parish Church
 St Patrick Street, Old Parish Church Graveyard, Boundary Walls and Gates
 53 Main Street, Harbour House Hotel
 49 Main Street, Rockville including Boundary Walls

References

Forder readin

 Brack, Arthur: 1997 Irregular Marriages Portpatrick, Wigtownshire 1759-1826 (Clogher Historical Society; transcription of Irish entries in register)

Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa
Pairishes in Dumfries an Gallowa
Ports an herbours o Scotland
Wigtownshire
Dumfries an Gallowa
Places o Scotland

Portpaitrick


A thesaurus is a dictionary of synonyms (words that have the same or similar meaning). Thesauruses (or thesauri) often include related words that mean almost the same thing. Some thesauruses also include antonyms (words that have the opposite meaning).

For example, by looking up the word "big" in a thesaurus, someone would find a list of other similar words such as "huge" and "massive". If the thesaurus also has a list of antonyms, the user could also find words which mean the opposite, like "small" and "tiny".

Many students and writers use a thesaurus to help them find words when they are writing. Using a thesaurus can help a person to improve their vocabulary (the number of words that they know).

Related pages
Wiktionary

Other websites
 Power Thesaurus - website with lists of synonyms and antonyms ordered by rating
 Thesaurus.com - website with detailed options for each word
 Visual Synonyms - website with visualization of synonyms and antonyms

Reference works
Vocabulary

Thesaurus


Shaolin Temple a.k.a. Death Chambers is a Shaw Brothers film directed by Chang Cheh. It is one of the Shaolin Temple themed martial arts films and concerns their rebellion against the Qings, with an all-star cast featuring the second and third generations of Chang Cheh's stable of actors including David Chiang, Ti Lung, Alexander Fu Sheng and Chi Kuan Chun, as well as cameo appearances by several of the actors that would later become collectively known as the Venoms mob. The film serves as a pseudo prequel to Five Shaolin Masters.

Plot
The film opens with the chief Shaolin Monks realizing that time is not on their side and they must train more fighters to fight the Qings. The monk Hai Hsien (Shan Mao) opposes this as he is secretly working for the court. Outside many men are sitting in front of the temple waiting to be accepted in, Fang Shih Yu (Alexander Fu Sheng), Ma Chao-hsing (Tony Liu) and others, as the temple tests the will of potential students by making them wait outside for days, eventually the two are accepted in for "training". Fang Shih Yu becomes frustrated immediately as Shaolin methods of teaching martial arts are rather obscure, although Ma Chao-hsing begins learning the five animal styles from the start.

Elsewhere, escaped Ming soldiers Tsai Te-cheng (Ti Lung), Hu Te-ti (David Chiang), Yen Yung-chun (Szu Shih), and Ma Fu Yi (Wang Lung Wei) arrive close to Shaolin looking for a place to hide from the Qing. Hu Te-ti suggests they go to Shaolin and they are instantly accepted, which frustrates three more students trying to get acceptance into the temple, Lin Kwong Yao (Kuo Chui), Huang Sung Han (Lee I Min), and Hu Hui Chien (Kuan-Chun Chi). The three are eventually accepted and begin their obscure training. Tsai Te-cheng learns the wing chun style from a strange female monk and Hu Te-ti learns the iron whip. This forces Hai Hsein to secretly go to the court and report to Prince Hoo (Lu Feng) that Shaolin has been training new fighters.

The Qing scheme to destroy Shaolin. Hai Hsein returns to Shaolin looking to recruit more traitors to set up the temple for a raid. All the accepted students become close friends and proficient in their kung fu, except for Fang Shih Yu (who is unknowingly learning tiger boxing but is impatient). He keeps getting into fights with Ma Fu Yi, who is disgruntled with being at Shaolin. A mysterious figure at night (perhaps his friend Ma Chao-sing) begins teaching Fang Shih Yu the tiger-crane style and he defeats Ma Fu Yi in a friendly spar. This sparks the curiosity of Hai Hsein as he takes Ma Fu Yi under his wing and recruits him as a traitor. Things begin to go sour at the temple due to the treachery of Hai Hsein and Ma Fu Yi and it is eventually attacked by thousands of Qing soldiers, and an all-out battle occurs at Shaolin Temple with only eight Shaolin devotees escaping the ensuing massacre.

Cast
 David Chiang – Hu Te-Ti
 Ti Lung – Tsai Te-Cheng
 Yueh Hua – Li Se Kai
 Wang Chung – Fang Ta Hung
 Tony Liu – Ma Chao-Hsing
 Wang Lung Wei – Ma Fu Yi
 Alexander Fu Sheng – Fang Shih-Yu (Fong Sai-yuk)
 Kuan Chun Chi – Hu Hui Chien
 Frankie Wei Hung – Hung Hsi-Kuan
 Kuo Chui – Lin Kwong-Yao
 Lee Yi-Min – Huang Sung Han
 Tang Yen-Tsan – Chu Tao
 Shan Mao – Shaolin monk Hai Hsein
 Chiang Sheng – Shaolin monk Man Yue
 Shih Szu – Yen Yung-Chun
 Ku Feng – King Man Kuei
 Lu Feng – General Hu Pei-Chi
 Tsai Hung – General Ching
 Wong Ching – General Shin
 Lo Mang – Junior monk
 Wei Pai – Junior monk (slain by Manchu archers)

References

External links

1976 films
1976 action films
1976 martial arts films
Films directed by Chang Cheh
Films set in 18th-century Qing dynasty
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
Kung fu films
1970s Mandarin-language films
Prequel films
Shaw Brothers Studio films
Hong Kong prequel films
1970s Hong Kong films

Shaolin Temple (1976 film)


A food kiosk or food booth  (also food stand, temporary food service facility) is generally a temporary structure used to prepare and sell food to the general public, usually where large groups of people are situated outdoors in a park, at a parade, near a stadium or otherwise. Sometimes the term also refers to the business operations and vendors that operate from such booths.

Background
There is evidence to suggest that certain foods have either originated from, or gained in popularity through food booths. For example, the popularity of the ice cream cone in North America is attributed to the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. According to legend, an ice cream seller had run out of clean dishes, and could not sell any more ice cream. Next door to the ice cream booth was the waffle booth, unsuccessful due to intense heat. The waffle maker offered to make cones by rolling up his waffles and the new product sold well, and was subsequently copied by other vendors.

Operations

A common practice is for modern food booths to operate as concession stands at various kinds of special events. These may be operated by small independent vendors, catering companies, or by established restaurants offering a subset of items featured from a more comprehensive menu. Alternatively, some food booths may be operated by local nonprofit organizations as a means of fundraising. In some situations, nonprofit orgs may face slightly lower processing fees, or less stringent regulations and contractual requirements, making such operations relatively more advantageous.

Regulations
Depending on the jurisdiction, and local customs, operators of such booths ordinarily require a temporary food sales permit and government-issued licenses. Typically operators also must demonstrate compliance with various regulations for sanitation, public health and food safety.
Such regulations include, for example:

 structural requirements for the construction and placement of booths
 requirements or limitations regarding the hours and number of days of continuous operation
 restrictions on the handling and preparation of ingredients
 restrictions on the storage, transport and placement of ingredients
 rules regarding availability and proximity of waste disposal facilities and toilets
 rules governing conduct and cleanliness of operators
 rules governing animals and the use of pest control measures
 provisions imposing additional requirements if deemed necessary by an authorized on-site health inspector

On-site inspection
To oversee compliance with applicable regulations, many municipalities hire and deploy health inspectors, or provide general guidelines for inspection, in order to ensure food booths do not present an unreasonable risk of harm to customers. Hired inspectors are usually permitted to make unscheduled inspections of facilities with little or no advance notice to the proprietors.   The rules regarding the frequency, scope and extent of routine on-site inspections vary depending on the jurisdiction. Also, some jurisdictions may establish priorities based on the type of food served, the type of organization involved, and other ancillary factors, such as any prior history of customer complaints.

See also

 Fast food
 Food cart
 Food truck
 List of food trucks
 Funfair
 Kiosk
 Local food
 Street food
 Taco stand
 Take-out
 Ice cream van
 Milk float
 Yatai (retail)

References

External links

Fast food
Restaurants by type
Retail formats

Food booth


Saklıkent National Park (), established on June 6, 1996, is a national park in southwestern Turkey. The national park is a canyon, and is located in Muğla Province, at Seydikemer,   far from Fethiye. The Canyon is 65 km from Kaş in the Antalya province.

The canyon is  deep and  long, being one of the deepest in the world. It was formed through abrasion of the rocks by flowing waters over thousands of years. As the level of water rises during winter months, visitors can enter the canyon all year around only the deeper parts in the summer.  of the canyon are walkable after April, when most of the snow in the Taurus Mountains has melted and passed through on its way to the Mediterranean Sea. Saklıkent means "hidden city" in Turkish.
The full length of 16 km is only possible to discover with professional equipment and knowledge of advanced canyoning. Some adventure centers offer guided tours with an overnight Biwak camp and about 30 waterfalls to rappel..

Gallery

External links
 Saklıkent Canyon Photos on Flickr

National parks of Turkey
Canyons and gorges of Turkey
Geography of Muğla Province
Landforms of Muğla Province
Tourist attractions in Muğla Province
Fethiye
1996 establishments in Turkey
Protected areas established in 1996

Saklıkent National Park


The Consort of Musicke is a British early-music group, founded in 1969 by lutenist Anthony Rooley, the ensemble's Artistic Director. Members of the group have included such well-known artists as sopranos Emma Kirkby and Evelyn Tubb, alto Mary Nichols, tenors Paul Agnew, Andrew King and Joseph Cornwell, and bass Simon Grant.

The Consort has gone through several major phases in its long life, reflecting the range of passions of Anthony Rooley. The line-up of performers has likewise changed over the years, and expands to encompass particular projects. Core singers since 2004; Evelyn Tubb soprano, Lucy Ballard alto, Andrew King tenor, Simon Grant bass.

The group has made more than 120 recordings that reflect the exploration of music of earlier times, though many of the earlier recordings only exist on vinyl. The Consort's recent CD recordings include the pre-Raphaelite madrigals of Robert Lucas Pearsall, and the motets of the Dutch composer Verrijt, which received enthusiastic responses from the Dutch critics.

Current repertoire includes a theatrical programme of mad songs; an exploration of English Biblical Narratives of the 17th Century; and a programme which weaves the music of John Dowland with that of his contemporaries, reflecting the close-knit musical community of in his day.

Discography
The Consort's earliest recordings on LP for Decca Classics' L'Oiseau Lyre early-music label were for many years unobtainable, although some major recordings, such as the first and only complete recording of Le Chansonnier Cordiforme, were reissued in Japan. Several of these LPs were released by Australian Eloquence on CD for the first time during 2009 and 2010. Other recordings were released in the 12 disc box Dowland - The Collected Works (2007). Consort discs made up 18 of the 50 discs in The Medieval & Renaissance box set released in 2016 by Universal Music's Decca label.

Vocal members included Mary Nichols, whose voice was described as the firmest in the business by Anthony Rooley. At least one of her recordings is in the Library of Congress in Washington.

External links
Hyperion Records; artist's page for the Consort
 extensive discographies for the Consort and also Emma Kirkby
biography for the Consort (a few errors) and extensive discography
biography for the Consort (a few errors) and recent discography

Early music consorts
British classical music groups
Musical groups established in 1969

The Consort of Musicke


The Pont Louis-Philippe is a bridge across the River Seine in Paris.  It is located in the 4th arrondissement, and it links the Quai de Bourbon on the Île Saint-Louis with the Saint-Gervais neighborhood on the right bank.

History
On 29 July 1833, to celebrate his accession to the throne following the "Trois Glorieuses" (the three glorious days of the July Revolution), Louis-Philippe laid the first stone for a previously-nameless suspension bridge, located on the extension of the Rue du Pont Louis Philippe.  Built by Marc Seguin and his brothers, it crossed the Seine to the Île Saint-Louis.  It was opened to traffic one year later, on 26 July 1834.  After the French Revolution of 1848 (during which the bridge and its tollhouses were burnt down), it was restored and renamed "Pont de la Réforme", a name it held until 1852.

In the face of increased traffic (the tollhouses had not been restored), it was demolished to be replaced by the present structure in 1860.  This new structure, an arch bridge, was built by the engineers, Edmond-Jules Féline-Romany and Jules Savarin, between August 1860 and April 1862, a little further upstream than its predecessor.   The Pont Louis-Philippe was inaugurated in April 1862.  The spandrels above the four-metre-wide piers in the Seine are decorated with stone laurel wreaths surrounding metallic rosettes.

The only modification since then (unlike its much-modified contemporary, the Pont de Bercy) was the replacement of the stone guardrails (badly damaged by pollution) with replica railings in 1995.

Metro station

The Pont Louis-Philippe is:

It is served by line 7.

Bibliography
 Felix and Louis Lazare, Dictionnaire historique des rues et monuments of Paris in 1855 with plans for 48 neighborhoods, Maisonneuve & Larose, 796 p. ().

External links

  Mairie de Paris
  Structurae

Louis-Philippe
Louis-Philippe
Buildings and structures in the 4th arrondissement of Paris
Former toll bridges in France
1862 establishments in France

Pont Louis-Philippe