John Douglas Grant (16 October 1932 – 29 September 2000) was a British politician who served as an MP of the United Kingdom parliament from 1970 to 1983. He was as a member of the Labour Party until he left in 1981 to join the new Social Democratic Party (SDP). He represented Islington East from 1970 to 1974 and Islington Central from 1974 to 1983.

Early life
Grant was born in Finsbury Park, North London. He attended the Stationers' Company's School in Hornsey before beginning a career in journalism. He worked for several regional newspapers before managing to secure a post at the Daily Express in 1955 where he covered the trades unions, rising to become the Chief Industrial Correspondent in 1967.

Parliamentary career
Grant combined his career in journalism with an interest in politics and secured the Labour nomination for the Conservative seat of Beckenham which he lost by 13,000 votes in the 1966 General Election. However, for the 1970 General Election, Grant managed to secure the selection for the safe Labour seat of Islington East and was comfortably elected to Parliament.

Grant soon acquired a reputation as an accomplished parliamentarian with particular expertise in trade union matters which he acquired through his many years as an industrial correspondent and his close personal relationships with many of the trade union leaders whom he had covered. Grant served as a minister through the second Wilson and Callaghan governments. After a brief tenure as a Parliamentary Secretary at the Civil Service Department, he was promoted to be Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of Overseas Development. In 1976, Grant moved laterally to the Department of Employment where he served with great distinction and received much praise for his work helping the disabled.

SDP
Although Grant was not one of the 14 MPs who initially joined the SDP, he was growing increasingly uncomfortable with the Labour Party. In addition, he was harried in his Constituency Labour Party in Islington which was embroiled in fighting between Labour left and right wings in the local party. After great hesitation, due to his loyalty to his union, the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union (EETPU), Grant finally left the Labour Party in late 1981.

Grant joined the SDP to immediately become embroiled in internal party conflict over the Tebbit Bill. Although a majority of SDP MPs thought that the party should vote in favor of the second reading of the Tebbit Bill to emphasize the party's distance from Labour and the Trades Union Congress and then offer its own amendments. Grant, along with several other newcomers to the SDP, objected to the bill which he thought would damage industrial relations and would diminish the party's appeal to trade unionists. Grant rebelled against the party whip and led four other MPs into the 'no' Lobby. Although this had no lasting impact on Grant's standing in or relations with other members of the party, it did hurt public perceptions of the SDP's unity.

After boundary changes in which Islington's three constituencies were combined into two a further internal party dispute occurred, as all three Islington MPs had moved from Labour to the SDP. Grant's Islington Central seat was abolished and he sought the nomination for the revised Islington North seat, being selected over sitting MP Michael O'Halloran. However, O'Halloran left the SDP and, after a failed attempt to rejoin Labour, stood against Grant as an Independent Labour. This greatly divided Grant's potential vote and prevented him from offering himself as a viable tactical option to Conservative voters who wished to keep the left-wing Labour candidate, Jeremy Corbyn, out of Parliament. Grant finished third with 8,268 votes, 1,000 votes behind the Conservative candidate and 6,500 votes behind Corbyn.

After Parliament
After losing his seat, Grant became the head of communications for the EETPU. He contested the safe Conservative seat of Carshalton and Wallington for the SDP in 1987, where he finished second. During the merger negotiations between the SDP and the Liberal Party, Grant served on the SDP's negotiating team, but resigned in frustration with the Liberals whom he regarded as "not ready to move from the politics of protest towards power".

Return to Labour
After the merger, Grant eventually returned to the Labour fold with the rise of Tony Blair and New Labour. He was a significant influence on Blair's pledge to increase funding for cancer research at the Brighton Labour Party Conference in 2000. Grant had become a vigorous campaigner for cancer research after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Just over a week after Blair's announcement, Grant died of the disease in 2000 at the age of 67.

Grant wrote two books:

Member of Parliament, 1974
Blood Brothers: 1992

References

External links

1932 births
2000 deaths
Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union-sponsored MPs
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Social Democratic Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
British trade unionists
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
Politics of the London Borough of Islington
People from Finsbury Park
People educated at the Stationers' Company's School

John Grant (British politician)


Dave McCann is an evening anchor for KSL-TV in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is also the studio host for BYUtv's True Blue, co-host for the Countdown to Kickoff Pregame Show and the Postgame Show, and is the lead play-by-play announcer for BYUtv's college football and men's basketball. McCann occasionally calls women's college basketball with Kristen Kozlowski and college baseball games with Gary Sheide for BYUtv.

McCann is the third of 10 children in his family and is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He served a two-year mission for the church in San Antonio, Texas. Upon his return he enrolled at Brigham Young University (BYU) where he earned a degree in broadcasting. He graduated from BYU in 1991 and was hired by ABC's Good Morning America to be their first sports reporter. After a few years at ABC, McCann was hired by KLAS in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he was the sports anchor for 13 years.

While in Las Vegas, McCann was also granted additional duties, as the voice of UNLV's football radio play-by-play for 8 seasons (1996–1997 and 2004–2009). McCann also called men's basketball TV home games for the Rebels on KUPN and MWC broadcasts for football and the women's basketball tournament games for SportsWest Productions (1998–2005).

As KLAS rotated through anchors, McCann continued to remain a strong hold for the station. After 13 seasons as the sports anchor, McCann was offered the chance to be a co-anchor for "8 News Now This Morning." McCann co-hosted the show with Dayna Roselli until June 2012.

In 2007, BYUtv contacted McCann about being a broadcaster for upcoming BYU men's basketball games in the Las Vegas Invitational. McCann called 3 games during the tournament. In 2009, BYUtv again contacted McCann about doing college basketball games for the network during the upcoming Las Vegas Classic. McCann again accepted, but this time was hired to be the lead play-by-play man for all BYUtv men's basketball games. His contract with the network began December 5, 2009. For most men's college basketball broadcasts in 2009 and 2010 BYUtv used a tandem of McCann doing play-by-play, Andy Toolson as the analyst, and Jarom Jordan as the sideline reporter, though Dave Bollwinkel was the analyst with McCann for the 2009 Las Vegas Classic championship game. In 2011, Toolson left the BYUtv Sports team. BYUtv hired Blaine Fowler and Steve Cleveland to take over the role of analyst for the 2011-12 season's broadcasts. Robbie Bullough replaced Jarom Jordan as the sideline reporter for most home games, but BYUtv didn't use a sideline reporter for every broadcast.

In the fall of 2010, BYUtv began looking for a new studio host for the True Blue sports magazine program. McCann was eventually hired to be the host. He began running the show on August 25, 2010, replacing long time producer Toni Cook after she graduated from BYU. Despite becoming the leading sports man for BYUtv, McCann continued to operate on KLAS. McCann would fly into Salt Lake City and then drive from Salt Lake to Provo for BYUtv games and to record shows, but when he wasn't recording or broadcasting events for BYUtv he continued to be the co-host for "8 News Now This Morning."

In 2011, BYU's football team became an independent FBS team. BYUtv created a full-hour pre-game show and a half-hour post-game show to help get fans ready for the games. McCann was hired as one of the hosts, along with Alema Harrington. Kathy Aiken provided reports on the players. Sheide, Fowler, and David Nixon provided analysis and keys to the game. Bullough and Greg Wrubell provided reports from the stadium.

For home games, BYUtv was authorized to produce their own broadcast. McCann was the play-by-play man, with Fowler or Sheide providing the analysis.

On March 12, 2012, it was announced that McCann would leave KLAS. McCann moved from Las Vegas to the Salt Lake area to work for KSL-TV. McCann and Mike Headrick replaced the retiring Bruce Lindsay as co-anchors with Nadine Wimmer on KSL's evening newscasts. The job at KSL began in June 2012.

McCann continues doing football, basketball, and True Blue for BYUtv in addition to taking on the new responsibilities.

McCann also alternated for a time with Wimmer and Headrick in solo anchoring "Deseret News Sunday Edition". The program's predecessor, "Sunday Edition" was previously anchored by Lindsay (until his retirement) and then by Richard Piatt before McCann, Wimmer and Headrick took on the assignment.. In 2019, Doug Wright assumed hosting duties for the program, replacing McCann, Wimmer, and Headrick..

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
BYU Cougars baseball announcers
BYU Cougars men's basketball announcers
BYU Cougars football announcers
Brigham Young University alumni
People from the Las Vegas Valley
American sports announcers
College football announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
College baseball announcers in the United States
People from Las Vegas
UNLV Rebels football announcers
Women's college basketball announcers in the United States

Dave McCann (sportscaster)


China Petrochemical Corporation () or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is headquartered at Chaoyangmenwai in Beijing, across the road from the headquarters of fellow state-owned oil company and competitor CNOOC Group.

Sinopec Group ranked the 2nd in the Fortune Global 500 List in 2020, with revenue over US$407 billion. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Sinopec was ranked as the 60th largest public company in the world.

According to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2021, Sinopec was the largest energy company in the world by revenue, the largest state-owned enterprise in both China and the world, and second largest company in the world in terms of revenue, behind only American retail store chain Walmart.

Subsidiaries
Its major subsidiary, China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Limited, commonly referred to as "Sinopec Limited", is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Sinopec Ltd. is involved in the production of various petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, ethylene, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, and chemical fertilizers, in addition to exploration of crude oil and natural gas within China.
It also produces several biofuels such as biodiesel and green jet fuel, from waste vegetable oil. It also produces ethanol.

References

External links

China Petrochemical Corporation

Sinopec
Holding companies of China
Oil companies of China
Government-owned companies of China
National oil and gas companies
Petrochemical companies
Energy companies established in 1998
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1998
Chinese companies established in 1998
Dongcheng District, Beijing

China Petrochemical Corporation


(T)Raumschiff Surprise – Periode 1 ("Dream/Spaceship Surprise — Period 1") is a 2004 German comedy film by Michael "Bully" Herbig. It is a spoof of the 1960s American television series Star Trek and parodies several science fiction films.

As a spiritual successor to Der Schuh des Manitu, the film is based on a recurring skit from Herbig's TV show Bullyparade, "Unser (T)Raumschiff". The title and plot allude to Raumschiff Enterprise, the German title of Star Trek. Raumschiff is the German word for spacecraft; Traumschiff means "dream ship", which was also a reference to Das Traumschiff, a German television series, similar to the series The Love Boat.

Plot
The movie begins at a place which appears to be Nevada's legendary Area 51. A visiting general is led down into an underground complex where he is shown a captured alien. The alien resembles a chubby Vulcan in a cowboy costume, and greets the general with a "What are you looking at so stupidly?".

The next scene opens 300 years later, in 2304. Earth is under attack by the fleet of the Mars Regulator and his asthmatic right hand (and son) Jens Maul. With most of Earth's forces destroyed, the Queen Metapha (from "metaphor", played by Anja Kling) of Earth and her secretaries debate their last options. They decide to call for the crew of the Surprise, Earth's last available, penis-and-testicles-shaped starship, to travel 300 years back in time. Their mission is to destroy a UFO which had crashed in Nevada in 2004. Its technology had enabled mankind to colonize Mars in the first place, hence its destruction would prevent the attack 300 years later. (A similar theme appears in the Terminator movie series.)

At first, Captain Kork is very reluctant to follow the order to return to Earth immediately (because he, Spuck and Schrotty intend to try out for a 'Miss Waikiki' contest), but ultimately, he changes his mind. Technical problems ("damage done by martens") prevent direct transport, however, so Kork orders Schrotty to call a space taxi. The taxi is driven by Rock (played by Til Schweiger), who is found attractive by both Kork and Spuck. Rock manages to break through the Martian blockade, but during the action, the taxi is chased and damaged heavily, finally crashing beside the Queen's palace. Kork, Spuck and Schrotty are advised on their mission and are then seated into the time machine, which looks like an old sofa. When the Regulator's forces attack the capital city, Rock and Metapha join Kork and Spucky "in" the device, while Schrotty remains behind. Jens Maul acquires the time machine's manual, builds his own and follows the foursome back in time.

Under constant harassment by Jens Maul, the travellers have a couple of unplanned sojourns. In 1304 Britain, they are forced to participate in a tournament held by Lord William the Last (Sky du Mont), then in Nevada during the Wild West era, they run afoul of Santa Maria (du Mont in a reprisal of his role in Der Schuh des Manitu). Upon arrival in the West, the time sofa is smashed by a speeding train, but the group captures Maul's time machine and uses it to reach the year 2004. Once more, they encounter Maul, who has painstakingly reassembled the ruined time sofa, and witness the UFO (which turns out to be no bigger than a football) crashing. A beer-guzzling alien the size of a human hand emerges and, in its haste to consume more alcohol, it begins to choke. Spucky tries to help by offering Maul's asthma spray, but the pressure created by the device blows up the creature. The group obliterates the UFO and scrambles onto the sofa, just as the local military arrives. The control panel shows an overload of 76.375 kilograms – Spucky's exact weight. With a heavy heart, Spucky remains behind.

The story switches back to Area 51, where Spuck has just finished telling his tale. The government officials are not convinced until Spuck provides proof in the form of a futuristic piece of technology, a thermometer with a vibrating alarm, which he had inserted just before departure. As Kork, Rock and Metapha get back to the future, Spuck is already awaiting them. Spuck has survived because he's a Vulcanette, who have extraordinarily long lifespans, and has been busy re-decorating Earth within the last 300 years (it is now all in pink). Kork and his men get to participate in the Miss Waikiki contest after all - but the ever-relentless Jens Maul has the last word.

Cast
 Michael "Bully" Herbig as Mr. Spuck / (Brigitte Spuck)
 Rick Kavanian as Jens Maul/Schrotty/Pulle
 Christian Tramitz as Jürgen T. Kork
 Anja Kling as Queen Metapha
 Til Schweiger as Rock Fertig-Aus (Rock Finished-Over, actually Rock Finished, but divorced from a certain Ms Over and once having decided for a double family name)
 Sky du Mont as William the Last/Santa Maria
 Hans-Michael Rehberg as Regulator Rogul
 Christoph Maria Herbst as William the Last's Adviser
 Siegfried Terpoorten as Jim
 Tim Wilde as John
 Hans Peter Hallwachs as Consul Kanon
 Reiner Schöne as Senator Bean
 Anton Figl as Popowitsch
 Stacia Widmer as Miss Bora Bora
 Errol Trotmann-Harewood as General Baby
 Andreas Seifert as Captain of the Mars-Troops
 Albee Lesotho as Cleaner-Spy
 Jumbo Schreiner as the big knight at William's Court

Production and allusions

After the success of Der Schuh des Manitu, Michael "Bully" Herbig had asked his Bullyparade audience to decide his next movie project. Open for selection were: a sequel to Der Schuh des Manitu; (T)Raumschiff Surprise; a movie about another regular sketch in the show centered on Sissi (which was eventually realized as the computer-animated film Lissi und der wilde Kaiser); a "Movie No One Would Ever Expect" with the same name; or an advice to Herbig to keep his hands off making movies altogether.

(T)Raumschiff Surprise parodies the (mostly science fiction) films Star Trek, Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, The Fifth Element, Back to the Future, The Time Machine, Independence Day, A Knight's Tale, Men in Black, Minority Report, High Noon, The Matrix, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Twelve Monkeys. (T)Raumschiff Surprise has a prequel scene to Der Schuh des Manitu when the protagonists travel back in time to the wild west. They meet Santa Maria (the antagonist of Der Schuh des Manitu) who offers the Apaches a new saloon for sale, a central scene in Der Schuh des Manitu.

The scene in which Kork and Spuck attempt to beam off the Surprise by stepping onto several lighted numbered floor panels, is a reference to the German TV children's game show Eins, Zwei oder Drei (the German version of Runaround). The panels are part of a triple-choice quiz system, and any children who stand on the correct panel (i.e. with the number of the correct answer) may collect points for their respective team.

Characters
Several characters from the original Star Trek movie are parodied. The main characters speak with a very strong Bavarian accent in the German soundtrack. Herbig once described the movie as "a group of girl-roommates on adventure". The names are all parodies of the original characters of Star Trek. Captain Kork (Christian Tramitz) is a take on Captain Kirk, korken means "to cork"); Mr. Spuck (Michael "Bully" Herbig) is a take on Spock, Spucke means "spit"; and the engineer, Schrotty (Rick Kavanian) is a play on Scotty, Schrott means
"trash / junk". The characters act stereotypically gay. Kavanian also plays Jens Maul, a play on Darth Maul, Maul means "maw", despite the fact the character looks like Darth Vader, and Doc Pulle who is a parody of Leonard McCoy's character's German nickname, Pille, which means "pill". Pulle is a German colloquialism for "bottle", as in "eine Pulle Rum" (a bottle of rum) or "eine Pulle Bier" (a bottle of beer).

Soundtrack
The title and incidental music was composed by Ralf Wengenmayr. The closing title song, Space Taxi by Stefan Raab featuring Spucky, Kork and Schrotty, was released as a single which reached No. 2 in Austria and Germany and No. 7 in Switzerland.

Awards
2004 - Bambi
2004 - Deutscher Comedypreis (Bester Comedian: Michael "Bully" Herbig)
2004 - Deutscher Comedypreis (Beste Kino-Komödie)
2004 - Goldene Leinwand mit Stern
2004 - Box Office Germany Award (Bogey) in platinum
2005 - DIVA-Award - Der Deutsche Kinopreis (Publikumspreis)

Critical response
While popular at large with the audience, there has been some negative criticism. Some critics said there was a lack of wit that had made Der Schuh des Manitu popular.

References

External links

2004 comedy films
2004 films
Gay-related films
German LGBT-related films
2000s science fiction comedy films
2000s German-language films
German science fiction comedy films
German parody films
Films directed by Michael Herbig
Films set in 2004
Films set in medieval England
Films set in Nevada
Films set in the 14th century
Films set in the 24th century
Mars in film
Space adventure films
Films about time travel
Parody films based on Star Wars
Parody films based on Star Trek
Films shot in Almería
2000s German films

Traumschiff Surprise – Periode 1


Sir Stephen Lewis Edmonstone Hastings  (4 May 1921 – 10 January 2005) was a British Conservative politician who was elected Member of Parliament for Mid Bedfordshire in a 1960 by-election and held it until he stood down at the 1983 general election. He was also a soldier, MI6 operative, Master of Foxhounds and author.

The son of a Southern Rhodesian farmer, Hastings had visited the country only briefly as a young child, but he grew up with tales of the veldt and the farm. A year after he was elected to Parliament, he accepted an invitation from the British South Africa Company to visit the country, and from then on made frequent visits, getting to know the leading politicians of the white minority regime. Over the next twenty years, Hastings devoted his political energies to injecting what he felt was much needed balance into the debate about Rhodesia's future. When Rhodesia's Prime Minister, Ian Smith, unilaterally declared the independence of Rhodesia in 1965, Hastings was a prominent member of the Rhodesia lobby opposing sanctions – against the official party line.

Fourteen years later, he strongly supported the Internal Settlement between Smith and the moderate nationalist leaders under which Bishop Abel Muzorewa became Prime Minister, though effective power remained in white hands. He saw the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which created an independent Republic of Zimbabwe and led to Robert Mugabe's election as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, as a disaster caused by "unnecessary deference to the delusion of the Commonwealth, the Afro-Asian lobby and to the Americans by a series of British governments".

Although Hastings claimed to have been invited to join Edward Heath's ministry, his stance on Rhodesia effectively rendered him ineligible for office. Even Margaret Thatcher, whom he counted as an ally, kept him on the backbenches, though she recommended him for a knighthood in 1983. In his latter years at his Cambridgeshire home, Stibbington House, the only person whose photographs were displayed in more than one room (apart from those of his beloved late wife, Elizabeth) were those of Ian Smith.

Early life
Hastings was born at Knightsbridge in Central London, son of Major Lewis Aloysius Macdonald Hastings (1880-1966) and Meriel Eda St John (1888-1971), daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Neil Edmonstone, of the 4th Hussars. Lewis Hastings had run away to Southern Rhodesia at the age of 17 after leaving his school, going on to prospect for diamonds, serve in the Cape Mounted Police, and operate as a political organizer; after the First World War, he bought a farm there, founded the Southern Rhodesia Tobacco Growers' Association, and became an MP and war correspondent for the BBC.

For the first two years of his life, Stephen lived with his parents on the farm; then he and his younger sister were sent home to England, where they were brought up by their doting and affluent maternal grandmother in Berkshire. Hastings was proud of his Scottish ancestry, among whose relations were the MacDonalds of Sleat. He had an abiding affection for his cousin the historian and journalist, Max Hastings.

He learned to ride in Windsor Great Park, becoming an accomplished horseman. He attended Durnford School in Dorset (1929–34) and Eton College (1934–39). At Eton he managed to combine an undistinguished academic career, and with the clandestine help of his grandmother and her chauffeur, to engage in racing as an amateur jockey and, more importantly for his future, Hastings began a lifelong love for steeplechasing and fox hunting.

Military career

On leaving school, his grandmother offered to pull strings to enable him to pursue a career either as a racehorse trainer or in the Scots Guards. He chose the latter. Commissioned in the Scots Guards from Royal Military College, Sandhurst in January 1940, with the service number of 112983, Hastings saw action against the Italians and Germans in the Western Desert, taking part in Operation Crusader, which relieved Tobruk and threw Rommel out of Cyrenaica.

After disagreements with his company commander he joined the SAS, and before El Alamein participated in a successful operation against an airfield, and a disastrous one against Benghazi, earning a Mention in Dispatches.

Then, after being diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, he landed a job in Cairo as ADC to the Minister of State, Richard Casey. By mid-1943 Hastings was pronounced fit again, and joined SOE. His first assignment was to accompany the Franco-American landing in the south of France. He arrived in the newly liberated Paris in August 1944, then was dropped with a wireless operator and interpreter behind enemy lines in the Apennines as chief liaison officer to the Italian partisans.

He found them demoralised and largely non-existent, but successfully trained and armed them, despite internal conflicts and frequent enemy attempts to capture him. By early April he had organised three divisions of about 4,000 partisans, which seized Piacenza and held a bridgehead over the River Po in a three-day operation. Hastings was constantly to the fore, coolly directing and encouraging his men while under constant machine-gun and mortar fire, according to the citation for his Military Cross.

After the capture of Piacenza, Hastings and a few companions journeyed through German-held territory, and strode into the piazza of a seaside village on the Adriatic. Hastings thereupon convinced the German officer in charge that it would be in his best interest to provide them with a fine seaside villa and supplies of champagne for the weeks that it would take the Allies to arrive. At the end of April 1945, Hastings was in the Piazzale Loreto at Milan and saw the bodies of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci, who along with other executed fascists, were hanging upside down. He noted that Petacci's skirt had been pinned to her stockings to prevent her underwear from being revealed. Hastings considered this to be a perfect example of the often paradoxical delicacy of the Italian temperament.

The Piacenza operation was universally considered a major contribution to the Allied advance. He also found time to assemble a scratch pack - the Brindisi Vale Hounds - which hunted a reported, but probably non-existent, fox.

He was spared a posting to Nagasaki by a friend finding him a job in the economic division of the control commission in Austria, a post for which, he admitted at his interview, he had no relevant qualifications. When the friend returned to England, Hastings remained in Austria, taking a staff job with the Army with the sole duty of looking after the polo ponies, and occasionally played himself.

He was then sent to a former Wehrmacht training centre, above the Judenburg in Styria, where he captained the British troops' ski-racing team but broke a leg during a competition against the French.

1948 onwards
Finding peacetime duties unexciting, Hastings left the Army in 1948. He turned down an offer from Gillette and was refused a job by the BBC. Eventually he was invited by a friend to join MI6, which sent him in 1950 to Finland, disguised as an assistant military attaché. Four years later he moved to Paris, where he observed the conspiracy over the Suez operation and the machinations that preceded Charles de Gaulle's return to power. From 1958 to 1960, he worked in the political office of the Middle East forces in Cyprus. As a result of his work countering the KGB, Hastings was one of the few Englishmen of his class and age to enjoy vodka neat, as well as the company of all and sundry. He, like his wife Elizabeth, was utterly unsnobbish.

The unproven imputations put forward in the book Spycatcher, in which Hastings was portrayed as participating in an attempt to destabilise the Harold Wilson government were always vehemently denied by him. The book's author, Peter Wright, was regularly denounced by Hastings as "that traitor", though no one knew exactly to what betrayal he was referring.

His disgust at the Suez Crisis led to his putting his name down with Conservative Central Office as a candidate, and in 1960 he was offered the safe seat of Mid Bedfordshire; He won a 1960 by-election caused by the elevation to the peerage of Alan Lennox-Boyd. He retained his seat in the subsequent general elections in 1964, 1966, 1970, February 1974, October 1974, and 1979, but stood down at the 1983 general election, when he was succeeded by fellow-Conservative Sir Nicholas Lyell. Hastings quickly established his credentials on the Right of the party, becoming a stalwart of the Monday Club and an ally of the likes of Julian Amery and Ronald Bell. He served on various backbench committees, becoming a member of the executive of the 1922 Committee and vice-chairman of the Conservative backbench Foreign Affairs Committee. At the 1964 Conservative Party Conference, he was cheered to the rafters by conference delegates for a speech deeply critical of the party leadership; he was never invited to speak again.

He could be an effective Commons performer. His self-confident, upper-class drawl and theatrical oratorical style enraged Labour MPs.
He was often embroiled in controversy concerning Communist infiltration. In 1977 he alleged that five prominent trades union officials were agents for communist countries, based on tape recordings made by the Czech defector Josef Frolík. The following year, before Margaret Thatcher came into office, Hastings and Brian Crozier wrote her a paper setting out "the diabolical nature of the Communist conspiracy" against Britain. At Hastings's suggestion she appointed a committee comprising Willie Whitelaw, Lord Carrington, Sir Keith Joseph and Hastings himself. This proposed forming a counter-subversion executive but the scheme was quietly dropped after the Tories came to power in 1979.

In 1986 Hastings successfully sued The Observer newspaper for libel following allegations that he had been one of two Conservative MPs involved in an MI5 plot to oust Harold Wilson.

Hastings remained a friend of Thatcher after his retirement from the Commons in 1983. He and his wife entertained the Thatchers and other notables at Milton Hall, the largest private house in Cambridgeshire. In 1982 Margaret and Denis Thatcher were at dinner with the Hastings at Milton when the butler entered to ask the Prime Minister to the telephone, by which Mrs Thatcher was informed of Argentina's invasion of the British South Atlantic island of South Georgia. This marked the start of the Falklands War.

Outside his parliamentary duties, Hastings continued to ride, hunting regularly with the Fitzwilliam and other hunts. In 1982 he was elected chairman of the British Field Sports Society in succession to Sir Marcus Kimball. After retiring from Parliament, he became a partner and manager of the Milton Park Stud, a member of the council of the Thoroughbred Breeders' Association, and joint master of the Fitzwilliam Hunt. He had maintained his lifelong love of racing and each evening before dinner, a glass of champagne in hand, he would watch the races of the day, prerecorded by his butler.

Hastings was chairman of the Peterborough Cathedral Development and Preservation Trust and helped raise millions of pounds for the cathedral's restoration. He was patron of 32 livings, and took his duty to help provide priests for his parishes seriously. He and Elizabeth could be found in the squire's pew at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Marholm, any Sunday they were at Milton.

Hastings was an accomplished painter, a fine sculptor, and wrote two books, The Murder of TSR2 (1966) and a well-received autobiography, The Drums of Memory (1995). He regularly skied in Switzerland until he was in his ninth decade, and hunted with the Fitzwilliam over forty times in the year before his death.

Stephen Hastings married first, in 1948 (dissolved 1971), Harriet Tomlin, with whom he had a son Neil and a daughter Carola. He married secondly, in 1975, Elizabeth Anne Marie Gabrielle, the former Lady Naylor-Leyland. Lady Hastings was born the younger daughter of the 2nd and last Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent and Joyce Langdale of Houghton Hall, West Riding, Yorkshire, who secondly married Thomas Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 10th and last Earl Fitzwilliam.

In 1979 Lord Fizwilliam left the bulk of his great art collection and the estates of Milton, Cambridgeshire, Wentworth Woodhouse, near Doncaster, and Malton, North Yorkshire, as well as a grand town house in Belgrave Square to his widow, and to Elizabeth, who was widely known in society as the daughter of Lord Fitzwilliam, a fact which she was known to confirm from time to time, though with reservations. Lady Hastings died from cancer at Milton in 1997. She was succeeded in her stewardship of the Fitzwilliam heritage by her son, Philip Naylor-Leyland, 4th Baronet.

Sir Stephen Hastings died on 10 January 2005 at Stibbington House, Cambridgeshire, from oesophageal cancer.

References

Further reading
Sir Stephen Hastings' own autobiography The Drums of Memory.
Lady Hastings' obituary in Christie's magazine, and various personal reminiscences of Sir Stephen and The Hon. Lady Hastings.

External links

1921 births
2005 deaths
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Military personnel from London
British Army personnel of World War II
Deaths from cancer in England
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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People from Northamptonshire (before 1974)

Stephen Hastings


Isla de Coche (Coche Island) is one of three islands forming the Nueva Esparta State of Venezuela, located in the Caribbean between Isla Margarita and the mainland. The other two islands are Isla Margarita, the main island of the state, and Cubagua, the smallest. Coche is coterminous with the municipality of Villalba, with the municipal seat at San Pedro de Coche, the largest town. Moreover, Coche Island has continued to sustain the fishing tradition.

It covers an area of  ( long by ), with a population of about 8,200 (1999 census). The highest elevation of the island is  above sea level. The climate is tropical, with an average temperature of approximately .

Other towns on Coche besides San Pedro de Coche are El Bichar, Guinima, El Amparo, El Guamache, and La Uva. The economy depends mainly on tourism.

History

The island was discovered in 1498 by Christopher Columbus, populated by the Waika Rio indigenous people. First efforts to settle Coche was made in the early 16th century. There was previous population of refugees originating from the city of Nueva Cádiz which was destroyed by a tropical storm on Cubagua Island. All settlers, mostly the pearl daughters, abandoned Isla Coche in 1574.

The next successful settlement took place in the 19th century, and from this date Coche is still inhabited.

The island is contained as the municipality of Villalba, with both having San Pedro de Coche as their capital.

Airport
Location
City:  	Isla De Coche, Venezuela
Name:	Andrés Miguel Salazar Marcano Airport
ICAO:	SVIE

Details
Type:	Airport (Aerodrome, Airfield)
Latitude:	10°47'40"N (10.794406)
Longitude:	63°58'54"W (-63.981589)
Datum:	WGS 1984
Elevation:	10 ft (3 m)
Runways:	1
Longest:	3937 × 98 ft (1200 × 30 m)

Tourism
Coche Island is uniquely positioned for quality selective tourism (not massive). To the west of the island the conditions for windsurfing and kiteboarding (strong winds over 50 km/h with a sea without waves) and trucks candle can be cited among the best in the world. It can see the effect of strong winds and continued in the sparse vegetation of the island, as seen in the image of San Pedro de Coche. On the road can be practiced the cycling, naturally with sunscreen to prevent sunburn, given the absence of clouds over the year. The temperature, though high, is pleasant in the fresh sea air, considering that breeze rages precisely in the hottest hours of the afternoon.

On the island, there are good quality hotels that offer tourists all the necessary facilities for a pleasant stay. It also offers rides and tours both aquatic and terrestrial. Tourist purposes, Coche Island maintains close communication with Margarita Island and the Venezuelan mainland Sucre State.

In fiction

The story of the Polish writer Arkady Fiedler's novel "Robinson's Island" (Wyspa Robinsona, 1954) took place in Coche Island. The protagonist Jan (John) Bober, a half-Polish half-English Virginia pioneer, fled from government pursuit by a pirate ship. However it ran into heavy water and wrecked near the island. Jan and his two Arawak companions Arnak and Wagura (former slaves from the ship), the only survivors of the shipwreck, lived in 1725–1726 in the island. Later they received in the island a group of fled slaves from Margarita Island and with combined forces defeated Spanish slaver pursuers and seized their ship. Fearing Spanish revenge, Jan and his followers left the island on the captured ship. Their adventures continued in the two next Arkady Fiedler's novels "Orinoco" (Orinoko, 1957) and "The White Jaguar" (Biały Jaguar, 1980).

References

External links

  Airport information

Geography of Nueva Esparta
Venezuelan islands of the Leeward Antilles

Coche Island


George Storrs (December 13, 1796 – December 28, 1879) was a Christian teacher and writer in the United States.

Biography
George Storrs was born in Lebanon, New Hampshire on December 13, 1796, son to Colonel Constant Storrs (a wheelwright in the Revolutionary Army) and the former Lucinda Howe (his wife). A Congregationalist since age 19, George Storrs was received into the Methodist Episcopal Church and commenced preaching at age 28; by 1825, Storrs had joined their New Hampshire Conference. His biography notes, "Storrs, while a member of the New Hampshire Conference, was a strong man, able and influential in its councils, and the beloved pastor of several important churches."

Storrs also engaged in the debate over anti-slavery preaching by ministers. In his article, "Desecrating the Sabbath," he defended abolitionists from the charge they were desecrating the Sabbath by preaching against slavery from the pulpit. "I solemnly believe the Sabbath belongs, in a peculiar sense, to the slave," he wrote in the article, which was reprinted by the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.

In 1837, he found a copy of a pamphlet by Henry Grew on a train, concerning the doctrines of conditional immortality (the non-immortality of the soul), and hell. For three years he studied the issues on his own, only speaking about it to church ministers. However, in 1840 he finally resigned from the church, feeling he could not remain faithful to God if he remained in it.

Storrs became one of the leaders of the Second Advent movement and affiliated with William Miller and Joshua V. Himes. He began publication of his magazine Bible Examiner in 1843 and continued it until 1879 with a few breaks. After a considerable amount of study, Storrs preached to some Adventists on the condition and prospects for the dead. His book Six Sermons explained his conditionalist beliefs.

Storrs' writings influenced Charles Taze Russell, who founded the Bible Student movement from which Jehovah's Witnesses and numerous independent Bible Student groups emerged.

References

External links

 Biography, The Herald of Christ's Kingdom
 Bible Examiner (1843), from Google Books
 George Storrs Biography, Adventist Pioneer Library
 "Six Sermons", George Storrs
 "Working in the 'Field' Before the Harvest", The Watchtower, 15 October 2000

1796 births
1879 deaths
Adventism
Bible Student movement
American Christian religious leaders
American religious leaders
Annihilationists
Millerites

George Storrs


Johann Georg Vogt (30 June 1669 – 17 August 1730), better known by his monastic name Mauritius Vogt, was a geographer, cartographer, musician, historian and a member of the Cistercian Order.

Life

Vogt was born in Bad Königshofen, Bavaria. As a child he came with his father, a geodesist, to a monastery in Plasy in Western Bohemia. He was educated there, before studying Philosophy and Theology at Charles University in Prague. After graduating, he returned to Plasy and joined the order in 1692, taking the monastic name Mauritius. He was ordained as a priest in 1698. Apart from occasional trips to Italy and Germany to study music, and temporary stays at the residences of his aristocratic supporters, most of his later life is closely connected with the monastery in Plasy and its surroundings. His main focus while at the monastery was music; he was the organist and music director of the monastery, as well as a composer. In 1724 he was appointed Superior at Mariánská Týnice, a pilgrimage church connected to the monastery, and he held this position until his death.

Works
Vogt's first published and most famous work entitled Das jetzlebende Königreich Böhmen, an introduction to the geography and history of Bohemia, was printed in 1712 in Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig. The book became celebrated especially for its copperplate illustrations, maps and plans. It includes a total of 45 engravings depicting views and ground plans of Bohemian towns, castles, and monasteries, as well as a large detailed map of Bohemia. This highly valued map was added to the book as a separate supplement, and is thus rarely found in volumes today.

Das jetzlebende Königreich Böhmen contains an engraving depicting Roudnice, the seat of the Lobkowicz family, in the early 18th century, including the ruined bridge over the Elbe river. The original Gothic bridge constructed in 1333–1340 (one of the first stone bridges built in Bohemia) was first damaged by the Army of the Czech Estates shortly after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620 and then completely demolished by Swedish troops in 1634. Though there was a plan to reconstruct the bridge over the river during the radical rebuilding of the castle and the town under Václav Eusebius, 2nd Prince Lobkowicz in the late 17th century, a new bridge over the river was constructed only in 1910.

Among the engravings included in the book is a view of the capital Prague, divided into two parts. The first copperplate presents the Prague Castle, Lesser Town and Charles Bridge, while the second part depicts a view over the river Vltava toward the Old Town, New Town and the fort Vyšehrad. The copperplates were engraved by a German engraver, Christoph Friedrich Krieger.

An exhibition of Vogt's work was hosted at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague, until 31 May 2015.

References

1669 births
1730 deaths
German cartographers
German Cistercians
German geographers
People from Bad Königshofen
People from Plasy
Charles University alumni

Mauritius Vogt


Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday is a 1993 American slasher movie directed by Adam Marcus and produced by Sean S. Cunningham. It stars John D. LeMay, Kari Keegan and Allison Smith.

It is the ninth installment in the Friday the 13th movie series. Its plot continues the Jason Voorhees story with an FBI ambush in which Voorhees's body is detonated; after, his spirit possesses the coroner examining his remains. He uses the coroner's body to continue his killings.

Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday premiered in the United States on August 13, 1993, and grossed $15.9 million at the box office. Many fans did not like the movie because the movie removed Jason as the physical killer. Its conclusion, which references villain Freddy Krueger, established what would become Freddy vs. Jason, released ten years later in 2003.

Other websites

1993 movies
Friday the 13th movies
A Nightmare on Elm Street

Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday


Fosse Way was one of the main Roman roads in Britain. Its route was unusual, because despite its length it went nowhere near London. It went directly from the south-west coast to the midland east coast. It linked Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) in South West England to Lincoln (Lindum Colonia) in the East Midlands. The road went via Ilchester (Lindinis), Bath (Aquae Sulis), Cirencester (Corinium) and Leicester (Ratae Corieltauvorum).

It joined Akeman Street and Ermin Way at Cirencester, crossed Watling Street at Venonis (High Cross) south of Leicester, and joined Ermine Street at Lincoln.

The word Fosse is derived from the Latin fossa, meaning ditch. For the first few decades after the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43, the Fosse Way marked the western frontier of Roman rule in Iron Age Britain. It is possible that the road began as a defensive ditch that was later filled in and converted into a road, or possibly a defensive ditch ran alongside the road for at least some of its length.

It is remarkable for its extremely direct route. From Lincoln to Ilchester in Somerset is a distance of 182 miles. The road is never more than six miles from a straight line.

Place names with words like -cester or -chester are derived from the Latin castra, meaning 'military camp'. 'Street' is derived from the Latin strata, meaning a paved road.

Fosse Way still exists. In places it is a major road, in others a country path. The A46 between Lincoln and Leicester is on the Fosse Way. From Bath to Ilchester the A37 follows the Fosse, and from Ilchester to Exeter the A30/A303 roads follow the Fosse for the most part.

The Roman road is, quite simply, the shortest route possible.

Roman roads in Britain

Fosse Way


Old College was the first building constructed at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and was completed in 1855. Although intended to be temporary, it served in various capacities including classrooms, a library, and offices until it was razed after being extensively damaged in 1973.

Construction and history
The cornerstone of the building was laid on June 15, 1855, at what is now the corner of Hinman and Davis streets in Evanston. The three-story frame building was completed by the start of the University's first classes on November 5 of that year at a total cost of $5,937. From its completion, Old College was home to all activities of the new university and originally housed a chapel, classrooms, and rooms for two literary societies. Attic lofts also served as dorm rooms for several students. In 1856, the Board of Trustees met in Old College and appointed a Committee on Library, officially establishing Northwestern's first library in Old College. This remained the main library on campus until the construction of University Hall.

The building was only meant to be temporary, and the first permanent building on campus, University Hall, that was completed in 1869. University Hall then became the principal building on campus, and the new building overtook many of the functions of Old College. In 1871, Old College was moved to a location near the present-day Fisk Hall, and a new wing was added to the structure. Old College was moved again in 1899 to the present-day location of the McCormick-Tribune Center stands, to allow for the construction of Fisk Hall. Despite originally being built as a temporary structure, Old College continued to serve a variety of purposes throughout its history, including housing Northwestern's prep school (later known as the Evanston Academy), a weather observatory for the Department of War in the 1870s, a naval training program during World War I, and the offices of the College of Liberal Arts. When the School of Education was established in 1925–26, Old College became the Education Building.

Razing
On July 24, 1973, Old College was struck by lightning, triggering the sprinkler system, which flooded the building. The damage was extensive and the building was razed, after its structure was determined to be unsafe and the estimated $500,000 cost to renovate and restore the building was deemed to be too high. The sign reading "Old College" that hung above the building's entrance is now located at the west entrance of University Hall.

References

External links
September 5, 1973 Press release announcing razing of Old College

Northwestern University
Demolished buildings and structures in Illinois
1855 establishments in Illinois
School buildings completed in 1855
Northwestern University

Old College (Northwestern University)


James Preston McDonald, better known by his stage name Preston Jackson (January 3, 1902 – November 12, 1983) was an American jazz trombonist.

Biography

Jackson was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, and moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1917, but did not pick up trombone until 1920; within nine months he began playing professionally. Among his teachers in the early 1920s were Roy Palmer and Honore Dutrey. He sometimes deputized for Dutrey in King Oliver's band. In the 1920s, he played with Tig Chambers, Al Simone, Eli Rice, and Art Sims, and recorded with Bernie Young and his Creole Jazz Band at the Marsh Laboratories (1923) and Richard M. Jones. He notably played for the reception of Louis Armstrong and Lil Hardin Armstrong in Chicago.

In the 1930s, he played with Dave Peyton (1930), Erskine Tate, Louis Armstrong (1931–32), Half Pint Jaxon (1933), Carroll Dickerson, Jimmie Noone, Roy Eldridge, Walter Barnes, Johnny Long (1939), and Zilner Randolph's W.P.A. Band. He also played on Johnny Dodds's last recordings in 1940.

In the 1940s, he began playing less often, but his career saw a resurgence late in the 1950s, playing with Lil Armstrong.

Moving back to his childhood home of New Orleans in the 1960s, he began playing at Preservation Hall where he would continue to be featured for the rest of his life. He played with Little Brother Montgomery in 1969 and with Kid Thomas's New Orleans Joymakers in Europe in 1973-74.

In addition to many recordings made as a side man, Jackson recorded as a leader in 1926 and 1946, then issued his own album in 1972 and a split album with Benny Waters the following year.

Jackson died in Blytheville, Arkansas, in November 1983.

References
Footnotes

General references
Scott Yanow, [ Preston Jackson] at AllMusic

1902 births
1983 deaths
American jazz trombonists
Male trombonists
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Vee-Jay Records artists
20th-century American musicians
20th-century trombonists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

Preston Jackson


The native form of this personal name is Moldova György. This article uses the Western name order.

György Moldova (12 March 1934 – 4 June 2022) was the author of more than seventy books in Hungary that have collectively sold more than 13 million copies, more than any other Hungarian writer. He is best known for his richly detailed sociological nonfiction focusing on everyday life and concerns within specific industries or professions (e.g., railway, mining, and law enforcement) and in particular regions of Hungary—thoroughly researched works that draw on the author's travels and his interviews with participants.

Also popular for his satirical works, Moldova received numerous honors in his native land, including the Kossuth Prize. His books include plays and novels as well; among the latter is Sötét angyal (Dark Angel), published in English translation in 1967 (Corvina Press, Budapest). One of his nonfiction books is being published in August 2012 as Ballpoint: A Tale of Genius and Grit, Perilous Times, and the Invention that Changed the Way We Write (New Europe Books, North Adams, Massachusetts). Moldova lived in Budapest.

Life and literary legacy
Given the name György Reif at birth, the future author and his parents, being of Jewish descent, were interned within Budapest's Jewish ghetto in late 1944 until the end of World War II. He later studied at Budapest's College of Theatre and Drama, leaving in 1957 soon before finishing, after a fellow student and a teacher of his were imprisoned following the 1956 Revolution; Moldova was not awarded his degree. Both during his college studies and after, he also held a range of jobs—as a furnace repairman, miner, gardener, canning factory worker, and teacher in reform schools.
Starting in 1958 Moldova worked for years as a screenwriter and playwright, making little headway in the former pursuit but seeing his plays staged in theaters to considerable success. His stories had been appearing in literary journals and anthologies since 1955.

In addition to his many books and plays over the decades, Moldova has published numerous pieces in the Budapest satirical biweekly Hócipő since 1989. In the early 1990s he also wrote weekly pieces for the Budapest daily newspaper Magyar Hirlap.

Moldova's writing is characterized by a concern for the central issues of everyday life, action, and characters who count as solitary, everyday heroes—with his nonfiction steeped in a tradition comparable to the New Journalism. His nonfiction books in particular, often on matters of practical concern to millions of Hungarians, have made him a household name.
While occupying the fringes of Hungary's traditional literary establishment, Moldova is held in much esteem as a writer by readers from all sectors of Hungarian society, including some who otherwise take exception to his outspoken leftist/communist sympathies.

Foreign responses

As for foreign responses to his work, the English-language translation of Moldova's book on the invention of the ballpoint pen (New Europe Books, 2012) has elicited comments from outside of Hungary, including:

"Ballpoint reads like a fast-paced mystery. Although we know from the start that its technological protagonist—the ballpoint pen—will triumph, we find ourselves repeatedly surprised by the story's unfolding episodes of international intrigue, financial deception, and legal shenanigans."
—Henry Petroski, author of The Pencil and The Essential Engineer

"The tale of László Bíró and Andor Goy and their development of the ballpoint pen is a wonderful illustration of the role that human passions, foibles, and genius play in shaping the world around us."
—Robert Friedel, author of Zipper: an Exploration in Novelty

Political controversy
In 1988, in his book Bűn az élet (Life is Crime), Moldova addressed a sensitive subject that, with widely varying interpretations, is on the minds of many Hungarians: the relatively high crime rate among the country's Roma (Gypsy) minority. While the book focuses on the real lives of cops on the beat, its frank portrayal of what in the communist era had been openly termed in government-political circles and by law enforcement authorities as cigánybűnözés (gypsy crime) stirred considerable debate; the term has since fallen out of favor among most political parties in Hungary due to its perceived racist overtones.

Although he himself was a self-professed "independent leftist" who never belonged to a political party, Moldova was openly supportive of communist ideals and was known for his loyalty to the late János Kádár, Hungarian communist leader and General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, who ruled the country from 1956 until his forced retirement in 1988. Most famously, Moldova published a biography, Kádár, in which he termed this longest-ruling of all twentieth-century Hungarian political figures a "genius" and suggested that the executions of political prisoners after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution had been justified.

Partial list of works

Fiction
 Idegen bajnok (Foreign Champion; story collection, 1963)
 Sötét angyal (Dark Angel; novel, 1967)
 A beszélő disznó (The Talking Hog; 1978) – a satire set in a state agricultural cooperative in which a hog named Józsi learns how to talk—and curse.

Nonfiction
 Az Őrség panasza (1977) – a book about one of Hungary's most cherished regions, the Őrség
 Tisztelet Komlónak (1971) – an homage to one of Hungary's most important coal mining regions
 Akit a mozdony füstje megcsapott (1977) – an inside look at Hungary's railway sector
 A szent tehén: Riport a textiliparról (1980) – a portrait of Hungary's textile industry
 Bűn az élet (1988) – a provocative inside look at Hungarian police late in the communist era, with a particular focus on their handling of "Gypsy crime."
 A végtelen vonal: Legenda a golyóstollról (2001). English translation: Ballpoint: A Tale of Perilous Times, Genius and Grit, and the Invention that Changed the Way We Write (New Europe Books, 2012).
 Kádár János I-II. (2006) – Moldova's provocative reassessment of Hungary's longest-serving twentieth-century ruler, János Kádár
 Keserű Pohár 1. kötet: A magyar borászokról és a magyar borokról. (2011) – a look at Hungarian vintners and their wines.

Published in English
 Ballpoint: A Tale of Genius and Grit, Perilous Times, and the Invention that Changed the Way We Write, New Europe Books (2012) - 208 pages
 Dark Angel (a novel), Corvina Press (1967) - 285 pages

Sources
This page started out as a translation of portions of the Hungarian-language Wikipedia page on György Moldova, with biographical and other information added from sources including the Hungarian-language author biography on the website of Budapest's Petőfi Literary Museum (see external references below) and the English translation of Ballpoint (New Europe Books, 2012).

External links
 The writer's website
 Moldova's (Hungarian) biography on the website of the Petofi Literary Museum, Budapest
 Ballpoint: A Tale of Genius and Grit, Perilous Times, and the Invention that Changed the Way We Write

1934 births
2022 deaths
Nazi-era ghetto inmates
Hungarian communists
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian male novelists
Jewish Hungarian-language writers
Hungarian dramatists and playwrights
Romani in Hungary
20th-century Hungarian novelists
20th-century Hungarian male writers
21st-century Hungarian male writers
Hungarian non-fiction writers
Male non-fiction writers
Attila József Prize recipients
Writers from Budapest

György Moldova


Jack Davey (born 4 September 1944) is a former English cricketer. Davey was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. An opening bowler, Davey had a successful career with Gloucestershire County Cricket Club which spanned from the 1966 season to the 1978 season. His name sometimes appeared in reports and on scorecards as J.J. Davey, although this was not accurate: the second initial was a mischievous creation by his county captain Tony Brown and the writer Alan Gibson, whose campaign to embellish Davey's name even extended to the production of a commemorative tie, in Davey's testimonial season, with "J.J?" on it.

Early life
Born in Tavistock, Davey was the son of an auctioneer's clerk who played and administered club cricket for over 30 years, as well as playing for Devon. He was educated at Tavistock Grammar School, where when playing cricket for the school, as well as in his early club cricket days, Davey wanted to be a slow left-arm bowler. It wasn't until when he was playing for his village club side, Milton Abbot, that the team found itself short of a seam bowler. Davey, who at the time was 14, was given the new ball. He performed so well in his new role, that for the rest of his career he would become a seam bowler.

Upon leaving school, he began an apprenticeship as a compositor for the Tavistock Gazette. After performing well in club cricket, he later made his debut in county cricket for Devon in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Cornwall. Davey played Minor counties cricket for Devon on four more occasions in 1965.

Gloucestershire
It was in 1965 that he came to Gloucestershire's attention, appearing for the county Second XI on a couple of occasions in that year. The following season, Davey made his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University, although he spent the majority of 1966 in the county Second XI. 1967 saw Davey establish himself in the Gloucestershire team, making regular first-class appearances, as well as making his List A debut against Lancashire in the Gillette Cup. His first full season playing for Gloucestershire was a successful one, with his left-arm bowling taking 60 wickets at a bowling average of 27.65. He took his first five wicket haul, one of two that season, against Surrey when he took 5/40. However, it was in that season that he took his career best bowling figures, 6/95 against Nottinghamshire.

Standing over 6 feet tall, Davey was an opening bowler, often sharing the new ball with South Africa Test cricketer Mike Procter, who had joined Gloucestershire in the season before Davey's debut. With South Africa being banned from international cricket due to their governments apartheid policies, this ended Procter's international career, thus allowing him and Davey to form a highly productive partnership over the next decade. Throughout the 1970s, Davey played an important support role for Procter, taking over 40 wickets in 1971 and 1972, plus chipping in with 26 in 1973. Davey was just as successful in the limited-overs arena. He was played in the famous semi-final of the 1971 Gillette Cup, which didn't end until five-to-nine, with Davey bowling 11 overs for the cost of 22 runs. Despite this, Lancashire won the match and proceeded to the final. He considers this the bowling performance he is most proud of. Davey made a notable performance in the semi-final of the 1972 Benson & Hedges Cup against Yorkshire, when he bowled 9 overs, conceding just 6 runs. 7 of his maiden overs came with Geoffrey Boycott at one end, a batsman though not known for his fast scoring rate. He won the 1973 Gillette Cup with Gloucestershire, playing through the majority of the tournament with painkilling injections in both his knees, a fact kept quiet among his contemporaries in cricket. The lumps of fat under both his kneecaps were removed in an operation, which caused Davey to miss a large part of the 1974 season. He consistently averaged in the mid to low twenties with the ball in hand between over 20 wickets for 4 straight seasons from 1972 to 1974.

Following his most successful first-class season in 1975, in which he took 64 wickets at an average of 26.26, which included his highest quantity of five wicket hauls, claiming 5 of them in 20 matches. However, after the 1976 season, in which his bowling performances dipped in both forms of the game when compared to preceding seasons, he played less often for Gloucestershire thereafter. With his time at the county coming to an end, Davey had his benefit year in 1978, alongside teammate and close friend David Shepherd. He did though make 15 first-class appearances in his last season in 1978, taking 30 wickets at a respectable average of exactly 30. His final first-class match came against Yorkshire at North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. This was his 175th first-class match for Gloucestershire. His career with Gloucestershire spanned 13 seasons, during which time he took 411 wickets at an average of 28.51, with Davey taking a five wicket haul on 9 occasions, although he never took a ten wicket haul in a match. Davey generally batted at number 11 in the Gloucestershire batting order, and was well known as a blocker. An example of his defensive nature came against Glamorgan on the last day of the 1973 season. Davey came to the crease with Gloucestershire 210/9, still requiring 57 runs to win. Davey scored 17 runs off 94 balls, supporting number 10 John Mortimore, who scored the majority of the runs in their partnership as Gloucestershire went on to win. He scored 918 runs during his first-class career, at a batting average of 7.77. He made a solitary half century, which came against Glamorgan in 1977, which was his only first-class appearance that season. His final season also saw him play 9 List A matches, the last coming against Lancashire in the 2nd round of the 1978 Gillette Cup. His List A career with the county spanned 12 season, during which time he took 170 wickets at an average of 26.21, with best figures of 4/11.

Later life
With the end of his career with Gloucestershire, Davey embarked on new pursuits. In an interview for the Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1975, he stated his desire to become a heavy goods vehicle driver on a full-time basis, having worked as one for the winters of 1973 and 1974 after acquiring his licence. In previous winters he had worked as a carpet salesman in Bristol, where he had made his home with his wife, Melora, who herself was originally from Princetown, Devon. The end of his professional cricketing career did not bring an end to his cricketing endeavours. He appeared for Devon in a single Minor Counties Championship match in 1981 against Cornwall, as well as making 2 List A appearances in the 1983 NatWest Trophy against Leicestershire and Warwickshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He later ran the Court Farm pub in Abbotskerswell for many years.

Davey appeared in the 1997 documentary Grace & Favour: A Portrait of Gloucestershire County Cricket Club, alongside former teammates Zaheer Abbas and David Allen, and later Gloucestershire player Mark Alleyne. In 2009, he appeared in a short comedy film entitled Dow Jones, where he played the part of Dow Jones' girlfriend. When his lifelong friend and former teammate David Shepherd died, Davey described him as being "like a brother". At the time of Shepherd's funeral, Davey was semi-retired and living in Topsham, Devon.

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tavistock
English cricketers
Devon cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
English male film actors
Male actors from Devon
Cricketers from Devon

Jack Davey (cricketer)


The Advocate is a newspaper that is printed in northwest Tasmania. Tasmania is a state of Australia. It is read by people in northwest Tasmanian towns such as Burnie, Ulverstone, Devonport, Penguin, Wynyard, Latrobe and Smithton. Since 2008 it is owned by Fairfax Media.

History

On October 1, 1890, Robert Harris and his sons, Robert and Charles, printed the first issue of The Wellington Times. This was Burnie's first newspaper. Burnie is a major town in northwest Tasmania.

The Wellington Times was named after the county in which Burnie and Emu Bay were located. It was first published only on Wednesdays and Saturdays. There were about 2000 copies printed.

The original Burnie Wellington Times office in 1890 was in Cattley Street. Ten people worked there. In 1892, The Wellington Times was printed three times a week, on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. On November 2, 1897, the name was changed to The Emu Bay Times.

The success of the newspaper encouraged the owners to add operations in Devonport. On January 4, 1899 The North Western Advocate and Agricultural and a Mining Gazette was produced.

The separate publication of the two newspapers lasted only 11 months. On November 13, 1899 the two newspapers were joined to become a daily newspaper called The North Western Advocate and The Emu Bay Times.

In 1902, a new building had been built in Mount Street, Burnie, at the present (2010) site. Then there were 26 people working there. In the last decade of the 19th century, the northwest and west coast had a number of daily newspapers. By 1920, The Advocate was the only one left.

In the 1950s, The Advocate was one of the first daily newspapers in Australia to use colour in advertisements. In 1968, it was the first daily newspaper in Australia to be printed on a web-offset press. Over the three years from 1993 to 1996, The Advocate began a technology development programme that resulted in computer based full-page negative output on October 1, 1996.

In 2004, The Advocate became the third largest regional daily newspaper of Rural Press. That ended the involvement of the Harris family for the first time since it began.

In 2008, Rural Press became part of Fairfax Media, one of Australia's largest media businesses. The Advocate was the only daily newspaper covering all areas of northwest and western Tasmania.

Tasmania
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The Advocate (Tasmania)


Ladrón Íñiguez (died 1155), also known as Ladrón Navarro, was a leading nobleman of the Kingdom of Navarre during the reign of García Ramírez (1134–50), whose accession he was instrumental in bringing about. He is regularly titled count (comes), the highest rank in the kingdom, after 1135. He is recorded in contemporary documents with the title princeps Navarrorum (prince of the Navarrese). Between 1124 and his death he was the effective ruler of the Basque country (Euskadi).

Navarrese succession
He was the eldest son of Íñigo Vélaz (died 1129) and Aurea Jiménez. His relationship to the Vela family is supposed on the basis of onomastics, his father being presumed to be the younger brother of Ladrón Vélaz, thus providing a route for the name "Ladrón" into the name-pool of Íñigo's descendants. Ladrón's age can only be estimated by the witness of his sons Vela and Lope in a charter of 1135, by which point they must have been teenagers.

According to the Crónica de San Juan de la Peña the initiative in placing García on the throne following the death of Alfonso the Battler, was taken by the bishop of Pamplona, Sancho de Larrosa, and several magnates of the kingdom, Ladrón first among them. As early as August 1134 Ladrón appears as first after the king and queen (Marguerite de l'Aigle) in witnessing the royal donation of Jániz and Zuazu to the Cathedral of Santa María de Pamplona. In 1135 Ladrón was among three Navarrese homes buenos ("good men") who, at Vadoluengo (Vedadoluengo), tried unsuccessfully to negotiate a peace with Ramiro II of Aragon, who claimed Navarre. Subsequent to this García made Ladrón conte en Pamplona (count in Pamplona) on the same day that he dubbed and ennobled many in the same city in preparation for the war with Aragon, which never came.

Ruling the Basque country
In 1135 King García confirmed the rights and privileges of the Diocese of Pamplona on the advice of his magnates, among whom Ladrón (comes Latro) is named first. On 2 November 1137, Ladrón witnessed the donation of Alfonso VII of León to San Millán de la Cogolla. In 1140 Alfonso invaded Navarre, including the lands of Ladrón, an event recorded in the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris:
While these battles were taking place, the Emperor was waging war in the land of King García of Navarra. He had captured some of his fortified castles and some of those belonging to Count Ladrón Navarro. This individual was the most noble of all the princes in King García's court. The Emperor devastated the land by plundering it and burning it. He also cut down the vineyards and the orchards. Count Ladrón pleaded to obey Alfonso VII in the face of this destruction. He pledged to obey him and serve him all the days of his life.

The history of the Basque señoríos in the early part of the twelfth century is very obscure. The lordships of Biscay, Guipúzcoa, and Álava were in the hands of Diego López I de Haro, a vassal of Urraca of Castile, until 1124, when he was dispossessed by Alfonso the Battler. Ladrón appears as count of Álava in 1131, while his father was still living, and he held all three Basque lordships (Álava, Biscay, and Guipúzcoa) as a vassal of Navarre between 1135 and 1147. He is also cited as lord of Araquil, Leguín, and Estíbaliz, all under the suzerainty of García, though these Basque provinces exhibited a high degree of autonomy. He was the lord of Guevara and the founder of the Ladrón de Guevara branch of his family.

In September 1136 Alfonso VII made him the governor of Viguera, which may have interrupted his rule in the Basque provinces, during which his son Vela may have governed in his stead. In the period around 1140–47 he appears in the Basque country again and sometime after February 1140 he appears in possession of Aibar. From 1143 he patronised the monastery of San Miguel de Aralar.

Legends
According to an apocryphal story reported by Esteban de Garibay y Zamalloa in his Ilustraciones Genealógicas de los Catholicos Reyes de las Españas, when García VI created twelve peers in Navarre in imitation of the twelve peers of France, Ladrón Íñiguez was first among them. Also according to Garibay, Ladrón took part in the reconquest of Tudela in 1114. The story of his founding the majorat of Oñate (which he supposedly willed to his son) in 1149, along with his wife Teresa, a daughter of the viscount of Soule and Mauléon, is also apocryphal.

Notes

Primary sources
Glenn Edward Lipskey (1972), The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor: A Translation of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, with Study and Notes, PhD dissertation, Northwestern University.
Carmen Orcástegui Gros (1985), "Crónica de San Juan de la Peña (Versión aragonesa)", Cuadernos de Historia Jerónimo Zurita, 51–52 (Zaragoza: Institución «Fernando el Católico»), 419–569.

1155 deaths
Counts of Álava
Lords of Biscay
Lords of Guipúzcoa
Year of birth unknown

Ladrón Íñiguez


The Gazimestan speech () was given on 28 June 1989 by Slobodan Milošević, then president of Serbia, at the Gazimestan monument on the Kosovo field. It was the centrepiece of a day-long event to mark the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, which was fought at the site in 1389.

The speech was delivered to a huge crowd, and came against a backdrop of intense ethnic tension between ethnic Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo and increasing political tensions between SR Serbia and the other constituent republics of the then SFR Yugoslavia caused by the anti-bureaucratic revolution.

The speech has since become famous for Milošević's reference to the possibility of "armed battles", in the future of Serbia's national development. Many commentators have described this as presaging the collapse of Yugoslavia and the bloodshed of the Yugoslav Wars. Milošević later claimed that he had been misrepresented.

Background
In the years leading up to the speech, Kosovo had become a central issue in Serbian politics. The province had been given extensive rights of autonomy in the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and had been run by the province's majority-Albanian population. The reassertion of Albanian nationalism, discrimination against Serbs by the province's predominantly Albanian police force and local government, and a worsening economy led to a large number (around 100,000 between 1961–87) of Serbs and Montenegrins leaving the area by the late-1980s although there is no official, non-Serbian, data regarding that issue.

Milošević had used the issue to secure the leadership of the League of Communists of Serbia in 1987, and in early 1989, he pushed through a new constitution that drastically reduced the autonomy of Kosovo and the northern autonomous province of Vojvodina. This was followed by the mass replacement of opposing communist leaders in the provinces, called the Anti-bureaucratic revolution. Many Albanians were killed in March 1989 when demonstrations against the new constitution were violently suppressed by Serbian security forces. By June 1989, Kosovo was calm but its atmosphere was tense.

The speech was the climax of the commemoration of the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo. It followed months of commemorative events, which had been promoted by an intense media focus on the subject of Serbia's relationship with Kosovo. A variety of Serbian dramatists, painters, musicians and filmmakers had highlighted key motifs of the Kosovo legend, particularly the theme of the betrayal of Serbia. Public "Rallies for Truth" were organised by Kosovo Serbs between mid-1988 and early 1989 at which symbols of Kosovo were prominently displayed. The common theme was that Serbs outside Kosovo and outside Serbia itself should know the truth about the predicament of the Kosovo Serbs, emotionally presented as an issue of the utmost national importance. Serb-inhabited towns competed with each other to stage ever-more patriotic rallies to gain favour from the new "patriotic leadership", thus helping to further increase nationalist sentiments.

The event was also invested with major religious significance. In the months preceding the Gazimestan rally, the remains of Prince Lazar of Serbia, who had fallen in the Battle of Kosovo, were carried in a heavily-publicized procession around the Serb-inhabited territories of Yugoslavia. Throngs of mourners queued for hours to see the relics and attend commemorative public rallies, vowing in speeches never to allow Serbia to be defeated again. At the end of the tour, the relics were reinterred in the Gračanica Monastery in Kosovo, near Gazimestan.

The 28 June 1989 event was attended by a crowd estimated at between half-a-million and two million people (most estimates put the figure at around a million). They were overwhelmingly Serbs, many of whom had been brought to Gazimestan on hundreds of special coaches and trains organized by Milošević's League of Communists of Serbia. The attendees came from Serbia but also all of the Serb-inhabited parts of Yugoslavia and even from overseas. Around seven thousand diaspora Serbs from Australia, Canada and the United States also attended at the invitation of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The speech was attended by a variety of dignitaries from the Serbian and Yugoslav establishment. They included the entire leadership of the Serbian Orthodox Church, led by German, Serbian Patriarch; the Prime Minister Ante Marković; members of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia; the leadership of the Yugoslav People's Army; and members of the rotating Presidency of Yugoslavia. The event was boycotted by the Croatian member of the Presidency, Stipe Šuvar, as well as the United States ambassador and all ambassadors from the European Community and NATO countries with the exception of Turkey (which had a direct interest in the event as the successor state to the Ottoman Empire).

After being escorted through cheering crowds waving his picture alongside that of Lazar, Milošević delivered his speech on a huge stage with a backdrop containing powerful symbols of the Kosovo myth: images of peonies, a flower traditionally deemed to symbolize the blood of Lazar, and an Orthodox cross with a Cyrillic letter "S" (rendered as "С" in Cyrillic) at each of its four corners, standing for the slogan  (, ).

Content
The message Milošević delivered in the speech was essentially one that he had already been promoting for some time. On 19 November 1988, he had told a "Brotherhood and Unity" rally in Belgrade: "None should be surprised that Serbia raised its head because of Kosovo this summer. Kosovo is the pure centre of its history, culture and memory. Every nation has one love that warms its heart. For Serbia it is Kosovo."'

A similar theme characterised his speech at Gazimestan. Anthropologist Edit Petrović comments that Milošević sought to combine "history, memory and continuity", promoting "the illusion that the Serbs who fought against the Turks in Kosovo in 1389 are somehow the same as the Serbs fighting for Serbian national survival today".

According to James Gow, the objective was to further Milošević's political campaign, which was "predicated on the notion of redressing this mood of victimisation and restoring the sense of Serbian pride and, most important of all, power".

At the beginning of the speech, Milošević mentioned the battle and concluded that it is "through the play of history of life" that "Serbia regained its state, national, and spiritual integrity" (referring to the constitutional changes that reduced autonomy of Serbia's provinces and strengthened the central rule) at the battle's anniversary. He continued by saying, "Today, it is difficult to say what is the historical truth about the Battle of Kosovo and what is legend. Today this is no longer important".

Milošević placed his speech in the context of the history of Yugoslavia since the World War II in which Serbia's influence had been restricted by constitutional arrangements, diluting its power. That had been a long-running controversy in Serbian politics, particularly after Kosovo and Vojvodina were granted influence over Serbia under the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution. Vjeran Pavlaković posited that Milošević sought to make "clear parallels between the Battle of Kosovo and the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution, both considered to be defeats in the Serbian national consciousness." He maintained that disunity among Serbian political leaders meant that they were "prone to compromise to the detriment of its own people, a compromise that "could not be accepted historically and ethically by any nation in the world ... here we are now at the field of Kosovo to say that this is no longer the case".

Milošević presented Serbian victimisation as the result of poor political leadership and spoke of how "the Serbian leadership [had] remained divided, prone to compromise to the detriment of its own people" and asserted:
"The fact that in this region they are a major nation is not a Serbian sin or shame; this is an advantage which they have not used against others, but I must say that here, in this big, legendary field of Kosovo, the Serbs have not used the advantage of being great for their own benefit either."

Milošević signalled that the passiveness would change:
"Thanks to their leaders and politicians and their vassal mentality they felt guilty before themselves and others. This situation lasted for decades, it lasted for years and here we are now at the field of Kosovo to say that this is no longer the case... Serbia of today is united and equal to other republics and prepared to do everything to improve its financial and social position and that of all its citizens. If there is unity, cooperation, and seriousness, it will succeed in doing so."

He stated:
"Serbs have never in the whole of their history conquered and exploited others. Their national and historical being has been liberational throughout the whole of history and through two world wars, as it is today. They liberated themselves and when they could they also helped others to liberate themselves."

Afterward, he spoke about unity and Serbian multiethnicity: he emphasised that "unity in Serbia will bring prosperity to the Serbian people in Serbia", and also to "each one of its citizens, irrespective of his national or religious affiliation".

Unity and equality to other republics will enable Serbia to "improve its financial and social position and that of all its citizens". Milošević said that in Serbia, apart from Serbs, "members of other peoples and nationalities also live in it.... This is not a disadvantage for Serbia. I am truly convinced that it is its advantage." He went say "Socialism in particular, being a progressive and just democratic society, should not allow" divisions among Yugoslav nations and their religions. He devoted a large part of the speech to the divisions by stating, "Yugoslavia is a multinational community and it can survive only under the conditions of full equality for all nations that live in it". However, "The crisis that hit Yugoslavia has brought about national divisions" although Yugoslavia "experienced the worst tragedy of national conflicts that a society can experience and still survive."

The middle of the speech took a markedly different line from the nationalist expressions which bookended it; Louis Sell describes it as sounding "as if it was written by his wife" (Mirjana Marković, who was known for her hardline communist views). Milošević praised the virtues of ethnic tolerance and socialism, describing how "the world is more and more marked by national tolerance, national cooperation and even national equality" and calling for equal and harmonious relations among the peoples of Yugoslavia. It was reportedly met with silence, bordering on restiveness, by the crowd.

After issuing a call for "unity, solidarity, and cooperation among people", Milošević delivered the speech's most controversial passage:
"Six centuries later, now, we are being again engaged in battles and are facing battles. They are not armed battles, although such things cannot be excluded yet. However, regardless of what kind of battles they are, they cannot be won without resolve, bravery, and sacrifice, without the noble qualities that were present here in the field of Kosovo in the days past. Our chief battle now concerns implementing the economic, political, cultural, and general social prosperity, finding a quicker and more successful approach to a civilization in which people will live in the 21st century."

In the final paragraph, Milošević addressed the relation between Serbia and Europe. He portrayed Mediaeval Serbia as the defender of its own territory and of all of Europe in the fight against the Ottomans: "Six centuries ago, Serbia heroically defended itself in the field of Kosovo, but it also defended Europe. Serbia was at that time the bastion that defended the European culture, religion, and European society in general".

Writer Arne Johan Vetlesen has commented that it was an appeal "to the values of Europe, meaning to Christianity, to modernity, to Civilization with a capital C, exploit[ing] Orientalist sentiments and help[ing] to amplify the Balkanism widespread in Western governments." and stressed, "In this spirit we now endeavor to build a society, rich and democratic, and thus to contribute to the prosperity of this beautiful country, this unjustly suffering country, but also to contribute to the efforts of all the progressive people of our age that they make for a better and happier world."

He concluded the speech with:
"Let the memory of Kosovo heroism live forever!
Long live Serbia!
Long live Yugoslavia!
Long live peace and brotherhood among peoples!"

Reception

The speech was enthusiastically received by the crowds at Gazimestan, who were reported to have shouted "Kosovo is Serb". Some sang "Tsar Lazar, you were not lucky enough to have Sloba by your side" and dubbed Milošević  ("Little Lazar"), while others chanted "Europe, don't you remember that we defended you!" (referring to a key element of the Kosovo myth of Serbia sacrificing itself in defending Christian Europe against the encroaching Muslim Turks).

That was to be an important theme in Serbian nationalist rhetoric during the Yugoslav Wars: Thomas A. Emmert, writing in 1993, commented that since the day of the speech, "Serbs have not failed to remind themselves and the world that they are fighting for the very defense of Europe against Islamic fundamentalism. It matters little to them that Europeans and Americans do not perceive any need for defense."

Matija Bećković, a well-known poet and academic, praised the event as "the culmination of the Serb national revolt, in Kosovo as the equator of the Serb planet.... On this six hundredth anniversary of the Kosovo battle, we must emphasise that Kosovo is Serbia; and that this is a fundamental reality, irrespective of Albanian birth rates and Serb mortality rates. There is so much Serb blood and Serb sanctity there that Kosovo will remain Serbian even if there is not a single Serb left there.... It is almost surprising that all Serbian land is not called by the name of Kosovo".<ref>Quoted by Vidosav Stevanović, Milošević: The People's Tyrant", footnote 18, pg. 219. I.B. Tauris, 2004.</ref>Politika, a Belgrade newspaper, reprinted Milošević's speech in full in a special edition dedicated entirely to Kosovo. It asserted in an editorial, "We are once more living in the times of Kosovo, as it is in Kosovo and around Kosovo that the destiny of Yugoslavia and the destiny of socialism are being determined. They want to take away from us the Serbian and the Yugoslav Kosovo, yes, they want to, but they will not be allowed to." Janez Drnovšek, the Slovene member of the Yugoslav collective presidency, sat next to Milošević during the ceremony and later described the Serbian president's mood as "euphoric".

Although many Serbs gave the speech a warm welcome, it was regarded warily in the other Yugoslav nations as well as by anti-Milošević Serbs. The nationalist sentiments expressed by Milošević were a major break with the late Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito's anti-nationalist approach and, as Robert Thomas commented, "it effectively acted as a symbolic repudiation of the Titoist legacy". Milošević's claim that Serbs "liberated themselves and when they could they also helped others to liberate themselves" was seen by some as a commitment to a forcible redrawing of Yugoslavia's internal borders to create a Greater Serbia. Concerns about an underlying agenda were heightened by the presence at the event of the Serbian Orthodox bishop from Dalmatia in Croatia, who gave a keynote speech in which he compared Dalmatia to Kosovo and concluded that both had made the same vow to Milošević.

British journalist Marcus Tanner, who attended Gazimestan, reported that "representatives [of Slovenia and Croatia]... looked nervous and uncomfortable" and commented that the outpouring of Serbian nationalist sentiment had "perhaps permanently destroyed any possibility of a settlement in Kosovo." The nervousness was reflected in a television news report on the speech in Slovenia that noted:
"And whatever significance the Kosovo battle may have in the national and intimate consciousness of the Serbs, the festivities at Gazimestan again confirmed that it will be more and more difficult to face Serbian conduct and wishes, for it seems that the Serbs won a significant victory in Kosovo today and they made it known that it was not the last one. The feeling of belonging, of unity, power and almost blind obedience of the million-fold crowd and all the others from this republic of Serbian or Montenegrin origin who may not have attended the gathering, are the elements in shaping a sharp and unyielding policy."

International media such as the UK newspaper The Independent''  noted the unprecedented nature of the event and the radical departure that it represented from the anti-nationalist ideology espoused under Tito. Although the speech's advocacy of mutual respect and democracy was described as "unexpectedly conciliatory" put it), the contrast between Milošević's rhetoric and the reality of his widely-criticized policies towards the Kosovo Albanians was also noted.

Many commentators have interpreted the speech in hindsight as a coded declaration by Milošević that he was willing to use force to advance Serbia's interests; Tim Judah speculated that Milošević perhaps referred to "armed battles" in a "bid to intimidate the other Yugoslav leaders, who because of protocol were forced to attend". Milan Milošević (no relation to Slobodan Milošević) commented that Slobodan "did not have in mind the later wars in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. He was thinking of Kosovo itself." However, Slobodan rejected this view at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in 2002 and 2005:
"[N]one of the people that I talked to spoke of any warmongering attitude, nothing of the kind. On the contrary, this was a speech of peace, encouraging people to live together in harmony, all of the nationalities, the Turks, Gorani, Ashkali living in Kosovo, as well as throughout the entire Yugoslavia."

Addressing his use of the phrase "armed battles", he said:
"That is an ordinary type of sentence that everybody uses today because peace has still not become a stable, secure category in the present day world, in the modern day world. And if that were not so, why do states have armies?"

List of notable attendees

 Serbian Patriarch German II
 Metropolitan Amfilohije Radović
 Momir Bulatović
 Janez Drnovšek
 Milo Đukanović
 Borisav Jović
 Veljko Kadijević
 Mihalj Kertes

 Branko Kostić
 Desanka Maksimović
 Ante Marković
 Naser Orić (security)
 Milan Pančevski
 Obrad Piljak
 Jovica Stanišić (head of security)
 Janez Stanovnik

References

External links
Speech transcript
El líder de la 'Gran Serbia' – photo of Milošević delivering the Gazimestan speech

1989 in Yugoslavia
1989 in Serbia
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbian nationalism in Kosovo
1989 speeches
Yugoslav Wars
Slobodan Milošević
June 1989 events in Europe
1989 in politics

Gazimestan speech


Richard Milton McKenna (May 9, 1913 – November 1, 1964) was an American sailor and novelist. He was best known for his historical novel The Sand Pebbles, which tells the story of an American sailor serving aboard a gunboat on the Chinese Yangtze River in 1925.

Biography

Early life
McKenna was born in Mountain Home, Idaho, on May 9, 1913.

Seeking more opportunities than could be found in such a rural part of the country at the height of the Great Depression, McKenna joined the U.S. Navy in 1931 at the age of 18. He served for 22 years, including 10 years of active sea duty. He served in World War II and the Korean War.

He retired as a Chief Machinist's Mate. Because of the benefits of the GI Bill, McKenna was able to attend college at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where he studied creative writing. He also married a librarian, Eva, whom he met at the college.

Writing career
McKenna began his writing career publishing science fiction, and starting in 1958 he regularly attended the annual Milford Writer's Workshop for science fiction writers.  "He had enormous talent," writes his colleague Ben Bova in the book Notes to a Science Fiction Writer. His first science fiction story "Casey Agonistes" immediately established him as a writer to be watched when it appeared in the September 1958 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Only a handful of his science fiction tales were published during his lifetime, but after his death several more appeared posthumously.

McKenna's major work was The Sand Pebbles (1962), a 597-page novel later made into the well-known 1966 film of the same title. The protagonist was an enlisted career sailor on a U.S. Navy river gunboat named the San Pablo in China during the 1920s. McKenna himself served aboard a river gunboat on the Yangtze Patrol, but about ten years after the events in his novel and of more modern construction (San Pablo was an ancient gunboat seized from the Spanish in 1898). The Sand Pebbles won the $10,000 1963 Harper Prize Novel and was chosen as a Book-of-the-Month Club selection.

Shortly after the movie deal was announced, McKenna appeared on the television quiz program "To Tell The Truth", receiving one vote from the celebrity panel.

McKenna's posthumously published short story "The Secret Place" won the Nebula Award for Best Short Story in 1966 and was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1967. Casey Agonistes and Other Science Fiction and Fantasy Stories (1973) collects the title story and four other short works: "Hunter Come Home", "The Secret Place", "Mine Own Ways", and "Fiddler's Green". The collections The Sons of Martha and The Left Handed Monkey Wrench were also published posthumously.

Death
McKenna died at his Chapel Hill N.C. home on November 4, 1964, at age 51.

Bibliography
 The Sand Pebbles (1962)
 "The Secret Place" (1966)
 Casey Agonistes and Other Science Fiction and Fantasy Stories (1973, collection)
The Sons of Martha (1973, collection)
 The Left Handed Monkey Wrench (collection)
 New Eyes for Old (collection of non-fiction writings)

References

External links

1913 births
1964 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male short story writers
American science fiction writers
American male novelists
Nebula Award winners
People from Mountain Home, Idaho
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Novelists from Idaho
Novelists from North Carolina
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
United States Navy sailors

Richard McKenna


Weigert's elastic stain is a combination of stains used in histology which is useful in identifying elastic fibers. Often orcein or a combination of resorcinol and fuchsine are used for staining. For counterstaining cell nuclei nuclear fast red or hematoxylin is also used. After applying elastic fibers show up blue coloured while cell nuclei gets red or blue.

See also
 Karl Weigert
 Masson's trichrome stain

External links

Histology
Staining

Weigert's elastic stain