Armchair warrior is a pejorative term that alludes to verbally fighting from the comfort of one's living room. It describes activities such as speaking out in support of a war, battle, or fight by someone with little or no military experience.

Typical "armchair warrior" activities include advocating sending troops to settle a conflict, lobbying to keep defense jobs to make outdated military equipment as part of the military-industrial complex, or to make political messages on radio or television talk shows in favor, or using armed forces in a conflict over trying diplomatic channels.

An early example of the term "armchair warrior" appeared in the 1963 Twilight Zone episode No Time Like the Past, in which a time traveler to the late 1800s uses the term in a speech directed towards a banker who is calling for sending young soldiers to fight a war against American Indians. The show's director, Rod Serling, had received a Purple Heart for injuries incurred while serving as a paratrooper in World War II.

This differs from "slacktivism" in that no action needs to be done by an "armchair warrior" beyond stating a point of view versus an act to give the appearance of making a difference from a "slacktivist". It is more of a variation of "chickenhawk", which was originally a slang term used during the Vietnam War to describe a superior officer that was not on the frontlines.

Don Henley refers to "armchair warriors" in his song "The End of the Innocence".

See also
Anonymous (group)
Armchair general
Armchair revolutionary
Armchair theorizing
Back-seat driver
Champagne socialist
Chickenhawk
Gauche caviar
Internet petition
Limousine liberal
Narcotizing dysfunction
Slacktivism

References

External links

Activism by type
Pejorative terms for people

Armchair warrior


Shadows-on-the-Teche is an old plantation house at 317 E. Main St., New Iberia, Louisiana. It was built in 1833-34. Original owners David and Mary Weeks were rich growers of sugarcane. They owned four plantations. The house is Greek Revival in style. A portico of eight columns supports a second floor verandah. The house is made of bricks. The interior was originally furnished with Federal-style and Empire-style furniture imported from the East Coast. The house was built on the edge of one of Weeks's sugarcane plantations.  It was designed for social life and entertaining. The house was said to be the third brick house built on Bayou Teche.

A series of tragedies struck the Weeks family following the completion of the house.  David Weeks died in August 1834.  His wife married John Moore. The household was dependent on slavery.  Mary and John supported secession. During the American Civil War, Federal troops occupied the property. Union officers lived in the house. Mary Weeks died in December 1863. The house was still being used by Union troops. He son restored some of the family fortune during the Reconstruction years. Succeeding generations however were forced to sell much of the property to meet living expenses.

David and Mary Weeks's great-grandson, William Weeks Hall, lived in the house from 1922 until his death in 1958.  He tried to preserve what remained of the property.  He made a large garden of live oak, bamboo, camellias, azaleas, and other plants.  He  donated the house and garden to the National Trust for Historic Preservation at his death. The Trust has owned and operated Shadows until the present. Shadows-on-the-Teche was named a National Historic Landmark on 30 May 1974.

Gallery

References

Other websites
 Shadows-on-the-Teche official site

Plantations in the United States
1830s establishments in Louisiana

Shadows-on-the-Teche


Seelenkrank was a German Darkwave music project of Chris Pohl. The objective was to create a more intimate sound than the industrial stomp of Terminal Choice. Female vocals were included in this project, all of them performed by Nina Bendigkeit. Chris would go on to record two albums for the Machinenwelt Records in this style, though the name had to be dropped after Pohl left the label due to contractual issues. The project lives on today with a new label and also a new name: Blutengel.

Due to legal difficulties, the albums were out of print for 10 years, although Chris Pohl has recently won the legal battle which has allowed him to reissue them on his own label Fear Section.

Discography
 Pornopop  (1995, demo)
 Silent Pleasures (1996; re-released 2005)
 Engelschrei (1997; re-released 2005)
Original albums were remastered and re-printed in 2005 by Fear Section with different cover art.

Line-up
Chris Pohl
Male vocals, lyrics and programming
Nina Bendigkeit
Vocals and lyrics

External links
Seelenkrank at the official website of Blutengel

Seelenkrank on Myspace

German musical groups

Seelenkrank


The Boneh–Franklin scheme is an identity-based encryption system proposed by Dan Boneh and Matthew K. Franklin in 2001. This article refers to the protocol version called BasicIdent. It is an application of pairings (Weil pairing) over elliptic curves and finite fields.

Groups and parameters
As the scheme bases upon pairings, all computations are performed in two groups,  and :

For , let  be prime,  and consider the elliptic curve  over . Note that this curve is not singular as  only equals  for the case  which is excluded by the additional constraint.

Let  be a prime factor  of  (which is the order of ) and find a point  of order .  is the set of points generated by :

 is the subgroup of order  of . We do not need to construct this group explicitly (this is done by the pairing) and thus don't have to find a generator.

Protocol description

Setup
The public key generator (PKG) chooses:
 the public groups  (with generator ) and  as stated above, with the size of  depending on security parameter ,
 the corresponding pairing ,
 a random private master-key ,
 a public key ,
 a public hash function ,
 a public hash function  for some fixed  and
 the message space and the cipher space

Extraction
To create the public key for , the PKG computes
  and
 the private key  which is given to the user.

Encryption
Given , the ciphertext  is obtained as follows:
 ,
 choose random ,
 compute  and
 set .

Note that  is the PKG's public key and thus independent of the recipient's ID.

Decryption
Given , the plaintext can be retrieved using the private key:

Correctness
The primary step in both encryption and decryption is to employ the pairing and  to generate a mask (like a symmetric key) that is xor'ed with the plaintext. So in order to verify correctness of the protocol, one has to verify that an honest sender and recipient end up with the same values here.

The encrypting entity uses , while for decryption,  is applied. Due to the properties of pairings, it follows that:

Security
The security of the scheme depends on the hardness of the bilinear Diffie-Hellman problem (BDH) for the groups used. It has been proved that in a random-oracle model, the protocol is semantically secure under the BDH assumption.

Improvements
BasicIdent is not chosen ciphertext secure. However, there is a universal transformation method due to Fujisaki and Okamoto that allows for conversion to a scheme having this property called FullIdent.

References

External links
 Seminar 'Cryptography and Security in Banking'/'Alternative Cryptology', Ruhr University Bochum
 P(airing) B(ased) C(ryptography) library, designed by Ben Lynn et al.

Public-key encryption schemes
Pairing-based cryptography
Identity-based cryptography
Elliptic curve cryptography

Boneh–Franklin scheme


A zither is a stringed musical instrument. The word 'Zither' is a German rendering of the Greek word cithara, from which the modern word "guitar" also derives. Historically, it has been applied to any instrument of the cittern family, or an instrument consisting of many strings stretched across a thin, flat body – similar to a psaltery. This article describes the second variety.

Zithers are played by strumming or plucking the strings, either with the fingers (sometimes using an accessory called a plectrum or pick), sounding the strings with a bow, or, with varieties of the instrument like the santur or cimbalom, by beating the strings with specially shaped hammers. Like a guitaror lute, a zither's body serves as a resonating chamber (sound box), but, unlike guitars and lutes, a zither lacks a distinctly separate neck assembly. The number of strings varies, from one to more than fifty.

In modern common usage the term "zither" refers to three specific instruments: the concert zither (German: Konzertzither), its variant the Alpine zither (both using a fretted fingerboard), and the chord zither (more recently described as a fretless zither or "guitar zither"). Concert and Alpine zithers are traditionally found in Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, France, north-western Croatia, the southern regions of Germany and alpine Europe. Emigration from these areas during the 19th century introduced the concert and Alpine zither to North and South America. Chord zithers similar to the instrument in the photograph also became popular in North America during the late 19th and early 20th century. These variants all use metal strings, similar to the cittern.

String instruments

Zither


True Grit is a 2010 American Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by Joel Coen and Ethan Coen. It is an adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, starring Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. "Rooster" Cogburn and Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross. The film also stars Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper.
A previous film adaptation in 1969 starred John Wayne, Kim Darby and Glen Campbell.

Fourteen-year-old farm girl Mattie Ross hires Cogburn, a boozy, trigger-happy lawman to go after an outlaw named Tom Chaney who has murdered her father. The bickering duo are accompanied on their quest by a Texas Ranger named LaBoeuf who has been tracking Chaney for killing a Texas state senator. As the three embark on a dangerous adventure, they each have their "grit" tested in various ways.

Filming began in March 2010, and the film was officially released in the United States on December 22, 2010 after advance screenings earlier that month. The film opened the 61st Berlin International Film Festival on February 10, 2011. It was well received by critics with particular praise to its acting, directing, story, musical score and production values, with some deeming it superior to the earlier adaptation. It was nominated for ten Academy Awards, but won none: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Bridges), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Steinfeld), Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 7, 2011.

Plot
While on a trip to Fort Smith, Arkansas, fourteen-year-old Mattie Ross's father is murdered by hired hand Tom Chaney. Sent to collect her father's body, Mattie asks the local sheriff about the search for Chaney. He tells her that Chaney has likely fled with "Lucky" Ned Pepper and his gang into Indian Territory, where the sheriff has no authority, so she inquires about hiring a Deputy U.S. Marshal. The sheriff gives three recommendations, and Mattie chooses the "meanest" of the three, Rooster Cogburn. Cogburn initially rebuffs her offer, doubting both her grit and her wealth, but she raises the money by aggressive horse-trading.

Texas Ranger LaBoeuf arrives in town, pursuing Chaney for the murder of a Texas State Senator. LaBoeuf proposes joining Cogburn, but Mattie refuses his offer. She wishes Chaney to be hanged in Arkansas for her father's murder, not in Texas for killing the senator. Mattie insists on traveling with Cogburn but he departs without her, having gone with LaBoeuf to apprehend Chaney and split the reward.

After pursuing and catching up with the lawmen, Mattie is spanked for her perceived insolence by LaBoeuf until Cogburn draws his weapon on LaBoeuf. This, combined with a further disagreement regarding their differing opinions of William Quantrill, prompts Cogburn to end his arrangement with LaBoeuf; the latter leaves to pursues Chaney on his own. At a rural dugout, Cogburn and Mattie find two outlaws, Quincy and Moon, who surrender after Cogburn shoots and injures Moon. Initially, the outlaws deny any knowledge of Ned Pepper or Chaney, but Cogburn, using Moon's worsening injury as leverage, convinces Moon to cooperate. Quincy, enraged, stabs Moon and is himself shot and killed by Cogburn. A dying Moon informs Cogburn that Pepper and his gang will arrive at the dugout later that night for supplies.

Cogburn and Mattie plan an ambush for the Pepper gang, but LaBoeuf arrives first and is confronted by the gang. Cogburn shoots two gang members and accidentally hits LaBoeuf, but Pepper escapes. Due to his substantial injuries LaBoeuf rejoins Cogburn and Mattie. The next morning the three set off again in pursuit of Chaney and the Pepper gang, who Cogburn believes may be hiding out in the Winding Stair Mountains. Cogburn begins to drink heavily and the personal animosity between Cogburn and LaBoeuf resumes.  After several days of searching, the three find no trace of Chaney or the Pepper gang. Drunk, Cogburn declares that the trail has gone cold, quits the pursuit, and states that his business arrangement with Mattie is over. LaBoeuf leaves the posse, declaring he will return to Texas. Mattie expresses regret to LaBoeuf that she had hired the wrong man and they reconcile with both admitting they misjudged each other.

While retrieving water from a stream, Mattie happens upon Chaney. She shoots and wounds him, but her revolver then misfires, allowing Chaney to take her hostage. Ned Pepper convinces Cogburn to leave the area by threatening to kill Mattie. Pepper then departs with the rest of the gang, stating someone will return with a fresh horse for Chaney and instructing him to not harm her while they are alone waiting. Chaney, musing that Pepper has abandoned him to be captured by the law, attempts to kill Mattie. LaBoeuf arrives and knocks Chaney unconscious revealing that he and Cogburn had reunited shortly after the initial gunfight. He was to rescue Mattie while Cogburn intercepts the fleeing gang in a four-to-one standoff.

Cogburn and the outlaws charge at each other headlong, with Cogburn killing two of the gang and forces a third to flee before his own horse is shot and falls, trapping him. As Pepper, alone and mortally wounded, prepares to execute Cogburn, LaBoeuf shoots Pepper from 400 yards with his Sharps rifle. Chaney regains consciousness and knocks out LaBoeuf, but Mattie seizes LaBoeuf's rifle and shoots Chaney in the chest, killing him. The recoil knocks her into a pit, where she is bitten by a rattlesnake. Cogburn arrives and rescues Mattie, thanking LaBoeuf and promising to send help for him before hastily departing with Mattie to reach a doctor. After their horse collapses from exhaustion, Cogburn carries a delirious Mattie on foot to reach help. Although Cogburn stays with Mattie until she is out of danger, he is gone by the time she regains consciousness, and her arm is ultimately amputated.

Twenty-five years later, Mattie receives a letter from Cogburn inviting her to attend a traveling Wild West show in which he is performing. When she arrives at the show site, she learns that Cogburn died three days earlier. She has his body moved to her family cemetery and stands over the grave, reflecting on this decision, her choice not to marry, and her hope of hearing from LaBoeuf again if he is still alive.

Cast

 Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn
 Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross
 Matt Damon as Texas Ranger LaBoeuf
 Josh Brolin as Tom Chaney
 Barry Pepper as "Lucky" Ned Pepper
 Domhnall Gleeson as Moon (the Kid)
 Bruce Green as Harold Parmalee
 Ed Lee Corbin as Bear Man (Dr. Forrester)
 Roy Lee Jones as Yarnell Poindexter
 Paul Rae as Emmett Quincy
 Nicholas Sadler as Sullivan
 Dakin Matthews as Colonel Stonehill
 Elizabeth Marvel and Ruth Morris as 40-year-old Mattie
 Leon Russom as Sheriff
 Jake Walker as Judge Isaac Charles Parker
 Don Pirl as Cole Younger
 Jarlath Conroy as the Undertaker
 J. K. Simmons as J. Noble Daggett, Mattie's lawyer (voice only)

Adaptation and production
The project was confirmed in March 2009. Ahead of shooting, Ethan Coen said that the film would be a more faithful adaptation of the novel than the 1969 version.

It's partly a question of point-of-view. The book is entirely in the voice of the 14-year-old girl. That sort of tips the feeling of it over a certain way. I think [the book is] much funnier than the movie was so I think, unfortunately, they lost a lot of humor in both the situations and in her voice. It also ends differently than the movie did. You see the main character – the little girl – 25 years later when she's an adult. Another way in which it's a little bit different from the movie – and maybe this is just because of the time the movie was made – is that it's a lot tougher and more violent than the movie reflects. Which is part of what's interesting about it.

Mattie Ross "is a pill", said Ethan Coen in a December 2010 interview, "but there is something deeply admirable about her in the book that we were drawn to", including the Presbyterian-Protestant ethic so strongly imbued in a 14-year-old girl. Joel Coen said that the brothers did not want to "mess around with what we thought was a very compelling story and character". The film's producer, Scott Rudin, said that the Coens had taken a "formal, reverent approach" to the Western genre, with its emphasis on adventure and quest. "The patois of the characters, the love of language that permeates the whole film, makes it very much of a piece with their other films, but it is the least ironic in many regards".

Nevertheless, there are subtle ways in which the film adaptation differs from the original novel. This is particularly evident in the negotiation scene between Mattie and her father's undertaker. In the film, Mattie bargains over her father's casket and proceeds to spend the night among the corpses to avoid paying for the boardinghouse. This scene is, in fact, nonexistent in the novel, where Mattie is depicted as refusing to bargain over her father's body, and never entertains the thought of sleeping among the corpses.

Open casting sessions were held in Texas in November 2009 for the role of Mattie Ross. The following month, Paramount Pictures announced a casting search for a 12- to 16-year-old girl, describing the character as a "simple, tough as nails young woman" whose "unusually steely nerves and straightforward manner are often surprising". Steinfeld, then age 13, was selected for the role from a pool of 15,000 applicants. "It was, as you can probably imagine, the source of a lot of anxiety", Ethan Coen told The New York Times. "We were aware if the kid doesn't work, there's no movie".

The film was shot in the Santa Fe, New Mexico, area on 22 March and wrapped on 27 April 2010, as well as in Bartlett, Granger and Austin, Texas. The first trailer was released in September; a second trailer premiered with The Social Network.

For the final segment of the film, a one-armed body double was needed for Elizabeth Marvel (who played the adult Mattie). After a nationwide call, the Coen brothers cast Ruth Morris – a 29-year-old social worker and student who was born without a left forearm.

Soundtrack
Johnny Cash's rendition of "God's Gonna Cut You Down" was used in the theatrical trailer. The 1888 hymn "Leaning on the Everlasting Arms" is used as Mattie Ross's theme, and about a quarter of the score is based on it. Iris DeMent's version, from her 2004 album Lifeline, is used during the end credits. Other hymns are also referenced in the score, including "What a Friend We Have in Jesus", "Hold to God's Unchanging Hand", and "The Glory-Land Way". Because the hymns are considered pre-composed music, the score was deemed ineligible to be nominated for Best Original Score in the 2010 Academy Awards.

Reception

Box office

In the holiday weekend following its December 22 North American debut, True Grit took in $25.6 million at the box office, twice its pre-release projections. By its second weekend ending January 2, the film had earned $87.1 million domestically, becoming the Coen brothers' highest-grossing film, surpassing No Country for Old Men, which earned $74.3 million. True Grit was the only mainstream movie of the 2010 holiday season to exceed the revenue expectations of its producers. Based on that performance, The Los Angeles Times predicted that the film would likely become the second-highest grossing western of all time when inflation is discounted, exceeded only by Dances with Wolves.

On Thursday, December 23, 2010, it opened to  behind Little Fockers and Tron: Legacy. On Friday, December 24, 2010, it went up to  behind Little Fockers. On Friday, December 31, 2010, it went up to  and then on January 1, 2011, it went back to  until January 3, 2011. It stayed  until January 14 and then went down to  behind The Green Hornet and The Dilemma. On February 11, 2011, it went down to  behind Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, Just Go With It, Gnomeo and Juliet, The Eagle, The Roommate, The King's Speech, No Strings Attached, and Sanctum. It closed in theaters on April 28, 2011. True Grit took in an additional $15 million in what is usually a slow month for movie attendance, reaching $110 million. According to Box Office Mojo, True Grit has grossed over $170 million domestically and $250 million worldwide as of July 2011.

Both the brothers and Paramount Vice Chairman Rob Moore attributed the film's success partly to its "soft" PG-13 rating, atypical for a Coen brothers film, which helped broaden audience appeal. Paramount anticipated that the film would be popular with the adults who often constitute the Coen brothers' core audience, as well as fans of the Western genre. But True Grit also drew extended families: parents, grandparents, and teenagers. Geographically, the film played strongest in Los Angeles and New York, but its top 20 markets also included Oklahoma City; Plano, Texas; and Olathe, Kansas.

Critical reception
True Grit received critical acclaim. Roger Ebert awarded 3.5 stars out of 4, writing, "What strikes me is that I'm describing the story and the film as if it were simply, if admirably, a good Western. That's a surprise to me, because this is a film by the Coen Brothers, and this is the first straight genre exercise in their career. It's a loving one. Their craftsmanship is a wonder", and also remarking, "The cinematography by Roger Deakins reminds us of the glory that was, and can still be, the Western." Total Film gave the film a five-star review (denoting 'outstanding'): "This isn't so much a remake as a masterly re-creation. Not only does it have the drop on the 1969 version, it's the first great movie of 2011".

The Los Angeles Times critic Kenneth Turan gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, writing, "The Coens, not known for softening anything, have restored the original's bleak, elegiac conclusion and as writer-directors have come up with a version that shares events with the first film but is much closer in tone to the book ... Clearly recognizing a kindred spirit in Portis, sharing his love for eccentric characters and odd language, they worked hard, and successfully, at serving the buoyant novel as well as being true to their own black comic brio."

In his review for the Minneapolis Star Tribune Colin Covert wrote: "the Coens dial down the eccentricity and deliver their first classically made, audience-pleasing genre picture. The results are masterful." Richard Corliss of Time named Hailee Steinfeld's performance one of the Top 10 Movie Performances of 2010, saying "She delivers the orotund dialogue as if it were the easiest vernacular, stares down bad guys, wins hearts. That's a true gift".

Rex Reed of the New York Observer criticized the film's pacing, referring to plot points as "mere distractions ... to divert attention from the fact that nothing is going on elsewhere". Reed considers Damon "hopelessly miscast" and finds Bridges' performance mumbly, lumbering, and self-indulgent. Entertainment Weekly gave the movie a B+: "Truer than the John Wayne showpiece and less gritty than the book, this True Grit is just tasty enough to leave movie lovers hungry for a missing spice."

The US Conference of Catholic Bishops review called the film "exceptionally fine" and said "[a]mid its archetypical characters, mythic atmosphere and amusingly idiosyncratic dialogue, writer-directors Joel and Ethan Coen's captivating drama uses its heroine's sensitive perspective – as well as a fair number of biblical and religious references – to reflect seriously on the violent undertow of frontier life".

Rotten Tomatoes reported that 95% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 275 reviews, with an average score of 8.32/10 and with its consensus stating: "Girded by strong performances from Jeff Bridges, Matt Damon, and newcomer Hailee Steinfeld, and lifted by some of the Coens' most finely tuned, unaffected work, True Grit is a worthy companion to the Charles Portis book." Metacritic gave the film an average score of 80 out of 100 based on 41 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Accolades

The film won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Young Performer (Hailee Steinfeld) and received ten additional nominations in the following categories: Best Film, Best Actor (Jeff Bridges), Best Supporting Actress (Steinfeld), Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Makeup, and Best Score. The ceremony took place on January 14, 2011.

It was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards: Best Actor in a Leading Role (Bridges) and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Steinfeld). The ceremony took place on January 30, 2011.

It was nominated for eight British Academy Film Awards: Best Film, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Bridges), Best Actress in a Leading Role (Steinfeld), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Production Design, Best Costume Design. Roger Deakins won the award for Best Cinematography.

It was nominated for ten Academy Awards, but won none: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor (Bridges), Best Supporting Actress (Steinfeld), Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing. When told of all the nominations, the Coen brothers stated, "Ten seems like an awful lot. We don't want to take anyone else's."

Home media
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2011.

Notes

References

External links

2010
2010 Western (genre) films
2010s adventure drama films
American Western (genre) films
American adventure drama films
BAFTA winners (films)
2010s English-language films
American films about revenge
Films about the Texas Ranger Division
Films based on American novels
Films based on Western (genre) novels
Films directed by the Coen brothers
Films produced by Scott Rudin
Films scored by Carter Burwell
Films set in 1903
Films set in Arkansas
Films set in Fort Smith, Arkansas
Films set in Oklahoma
Films set in the 1870s
Films shot in New Mexico
Films shot in Texas
Remakes of American films
Paramount Pictures films
Skydance Media films
Films about the United States Marshals Service
2010 drama films
2010 films
Guerrilla warfare in film
2010s American films
Films about capital punishment

True Grit (2010 film)


Juan Carlos Goyeneche (6 January 1913 – 16 October 1982) was an Argentine Catholic nationalist politician. Also highly sympathetic to Nazism, during the Second World War Goyeneche travelled to Nazi Germany where he met a number of leading figures. He was the son of Mayor of Buenos Aires Arturo Goyeneche and the grandson of a President of Uruguay.

Right-wing activity
During his time as a colonel in the Argentine Army Juan Peron had Goyeneche as his confidential agent. He was a close collaborator of the Ausland-Sicherheitsdienst, the overseas intelligence service of Nazi Germany. He was a prominent far right journalist, serving as the editor of the Sol y Luna journal as well as a writer for the Cabildo magazine. He was notorious for the anti-Semitism in his writing.

European trip
In April 1942 Goyeneche travelled to Europe as a diplomat, ostensibly to attend a function of the "Hispanic Council", supposedly a cultural group established by Francisco Franco but in fact a front group set up by Enrique Ruiz Guiñazú and Mario Amadeo to send men into Axis territory. Goyeneche went to Madrid where he met with the Argentine ambassador Adrián Escobar and consul Aquilino López and the following the month the three crossed into France where they held a meeting with Pierre Laval, president of the collaborationist Vichy regime. In Paris Goyeneche made contact with Schutzstaffel officer Herbert Knochen who agreed to arrange for Goyeneche to make a trip to Berlin.

Before this could happen however Goyeneche and Escobar went to Rome where they held a meeting with Pope Pius XII. At this meeting they discussed the possibility of an Argentine intervention in Europe in an attempt to negotiatie an end to the war, as well as Escobar's Hispanidad vision of a new Spain-led sphere of influence in Latin America. The plan was not taken seriously anywhere, and met particular derision in Brazil where the press mocked both Argentina's delusions of grandeur and the pro-Nazi agenda of their diplomats.

In Nazi Germany
Goyeneche finally made it to Berlin in October 1942 where he was placed at the Hotel Adlon at the expense of the Nazi state. Accompanied by Gottfried Sandstede, an old friend of Goyeneche who had worked in the German embassy in Buenos Aires before being expelled for his spying activities, he visited the Eastern Front to inspect the men of the Blue Division. Upon his return from Russia Goyeneche met Otto Reinebeck, the chief of the Latin American Bureau at the Nazi Foreign Ministry, and requested for him to arrange meetings with Adolf Hitler and Joachim von Ribbentrop.

On 30 November 1942 Goyeneche met with Ribbentrop at the latter's Westphalian estate, with the Hispanophone Sandstede present as an interpreter. The meeting lasted several hours and Ribbentrop suggested that Germany was favourable to Argentina's three main wishes i.e. closer trade between the two countries following a Nazi war victory, support for Argentina taking the Falkland Islands and encouragement of close links between Argentina and Spain. Despite this Goyeneche found Ribbentrop a wholly dislikable individual, dismissing him as "pedantic and close-minded".

Goyeneche's next meeting was with Walter Schellenberg, the head of the Ausland-Sicherheitsdienst, a group with which Goyeneche was already familiar. Under instructions from Ribbentrop, who hoped that Argentina might be enticed into the war, details of the meetings were allowed to be wired by telegram back to Guiñazú and Amadeo by Goyeneche. The heavily coded messages were nonetheless intercepted and translated by the US War Department.

Whether or not Goyeneche met Hitler during his time in Germany is a matter of some debate. The United States diplomat W. Wendell Blancke claimed that, while in service to General Dwight Eisenhower at the end of the war in Germany, he saw captured Nazi documents that described a meeting between the two taking place on 7 December 1942 at which Hitler reiterated Ribbentrop's pro-Argentina stance. A secret meeting in the Black Forest was also said to have taken place in 1944 amongst Goyeneche's friends. Goyeneche himself claimed that Ribbentrop had given him a letter written by Hitler but that no meeting had ever taken place. Reinebeck meanwhile, under interrogation, denied that there had been any contact between Goyeneche and Hitler whatsoever.

In January 1943 however Goyeneche did meet Heinrich Himmler after Schellenberg took him the eastern headquarters of the Reichsführer-SS. The discussion was largely limited to general ideas, although Himmler expressed similar supportive ideas as Ribbentrop and Goyeneche found him to be much more pleasing company than he had the Foreign Minister.

Italy and Spain
Soon after the Himmler meeting Goyeneche left Germany and briefly returned to Spain to have lunch with Ramón Serrano Súñer. He informed the Spanish Foreign Minister that he intended to return to Rome to host a conference at which Catholic delegates from across Europe would meet to discuss how they could "integrate the Christian order in the New Order".

Returning to Rome he held a series of meetings with Monsignor Giovanni Montini as well as two more with Pius XII before eventually meeting Benito Mussolini. Goyeneche obtained a number of concessions from the Italian dictator, including a pledge to support Argentina's claim to the Falklands and a guarantee that he would obtain the same unequivocal support from Germany and Japan. Mussolini also publicly supported a plan to overthrow President Ramón Castillo and the 1943 Argentine coup d'état followed quickly after this pronouncement. Goyeneche also sought and received a guarantee from Mussolini that the Axis powers had no desire to end Argentine independence or that of any Latin American state, a common claim of Allied propaganda in the region. Mussolini also intimated that whatever shape South America would take after an Axis victory he envisaged Argentina as being the leading power.

Goyeneche spent the final months of the war in Spain and from his base in Cadiz he was in contact with Himmler until near the end. Indeed, it has been claimed that Goyeneche facilitated communication between Himmler and Peron at this stage.

In Argentina
When Peron was overthrown in 1955 Goyeneche initially found himself remaining in favour as his close friend Pierre Daye had him appointed culture and press secretary at the Casa Rosada. Goyeneche and Daye however were soon persona non grata as the new government under Pedro Eugenio Aramburu decided to purge the Nazi sympathisers from public life. Nonetheless he was a strong ideological influence on the activities of the violent Tacuara Nationalist Movement that emerged in the 1960s.

He died in Buenos Aires on 16 October 1982.

References

1913 births
1982 deaths
Argentine fascists
Argentine journalists
Argentine male journalists
Argentine Roman Catholics
People of the Infamous Decade
Argentine people of Uruguayan descent
Argentine people of Basque descent
20th-century journalists

Juan Carlos Goyeneche


A lava lamp is a decorative lamp, invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker, who made the lighting company Mathmos. The lamp usually takes 2 to 6 hours to heat up, but this also depends on the light bulb which is heating the wax. The lamps are designed in a variety of styles and colours, for example, a mixture of blue and red. The wax inside usually reflects the colours.

Lamps

Lava lamp


Paris is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in Lamar County, Texas. It had a population of 25,171 in 2010. It has been called the "Second Largest Paris in the World". It has a replica of the Eiffel Tower.

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas

Paris, Texas


Instantbird is a discontinued cross-platform instant messaging client based on Mozilla's XULRunner and the open-source library libpurple used in Pidgin.  Instantbird is free software available under the GNU General Public License. Over 250 add-ons allow user customization of, and addition of, features.  On October 18, 2017, Florian Quèze announced that "...  we are stopping development of Instantbird as a standalone product."

Supported protocols

Supported protocols include:
OSCAR (AIM/ICQ/MobileMe)
Gadu-Gadu
Novell GroupWise
IRC
Lotus Sametime
MSNP (Microsoft Messenger service, commonly known as MSN, .NET, or Live)
MySpaceIM
Netsoul
Odnoklassniki
SIMPLE
QQ
Twitter
XMPP (Google Talk, ...)
YMSG (YIM)
VKontakte

Features
Users can set their own user icon and display name. Several themes are included by default, including "Bubbles", which has the "Time Bubbles" feature of displaying time between messages, rather than timestamps within or adjacent to each message. Text copied from an Instantbird window is reformatted transparently to include timestamps in front of each message, in a feature called "Magic Copy".
Instantbird includes an Add-ons system which allows additional protocol support such as LiveJournal's LJ Talk; there are over 250 additional add-ons available. Additional features available include "UI theming, language packs and dictionaries, developer tools and usability enhancements such as tab completion of nicknames, highlighting, colourising of buddies, and vertical tabs."  The developers list some of their "favorite" add-ons as follows: "Colorize" buddy names, "Highlight" words in chats, "Tab Complete" nicknames and commands, "Reply to Nick" - doubleclick inserts name, "Show Nick" in color in multiuser chats, and "Vertical Tabs" to arrange conversations vertically.
Conversation logging is enabled by default, but can be disabled.
Binaries are available in the following 13 languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Swedish and Estonian.

In October 2015 the Tor anonymity project presented Tor Messenger as its open-source instant messenger client. It is based on Instandbird but removes the dependency on libpurple, re-implementing all supported chat protocols in the memory-safe language JavaScript. Tor Messenger encrypts one-to-one chats by default using OTR and provides anonymity by routing its traffic through the Tor network.

Reception
Instantbird received some positive notice, with stated expectations of future improvements. Tech blogger Chris Pirillo wrote that the client "works quite well on all three main operating systems", that the interface "is unobtrusive… and very clean", and that chat can take place on multiple protocols simultaneously, including IRC.  BetaNews writer Joe Cassels noted that Instantbird "aims to bring together many of these disparate networks and services under one roof, and while not as polished as more established multi-network clients like Trillian and Pidgin, its close links to Mozilla makes us confident the program will evolve into a powerful alternative to these programs in time."  LifeHacker writer Alan Henry called the application's visual appearance "sharp", referred to the user interface as "inspired by" but "a bit more attractive" than Pidgin, called the version 1.0 of the software "a big improvement", and stated "what it lacks in native features it makes up for in add-ons and themes contributed by the user community."

References

External links

AIM (software) clients
Free XMPP clients
Free instant messaging clients
Free Internet Relay Chat clients
Windows Internet Relay Chat clients
Windows instant messaging clients
MacOS instant messaging clients
Portable software
Gecko-based software
Software that uses XUL

Instantbird


Man About the House is a British sitcom created by Brian Cooke and Johnnie Mortimer. It starred Richard O'Sullivan, Paula Wilcox, Sally Thomsett, Yootha Joyce and Brian Murphy. Six series were broadcast on ITV from 15 August 1973 to 7 April 1976. The series was considered daring at the time because it featured a man sharing a London flat with two single women. The show was made by Thames Television and recorded at its Teddington Studios in Greater London. It is regularly repeated on ITV3.

Two spin-off series were later made: George and Mildred and Robin's Nest. In 2004, Man About the House placed 69th in a poll to find Britain's Best Sitcom. The series was remade in the United States as Three's Company in 1977. A film version was released in 1974.

Cast

Main stars
 Richard O'Sullivan as Robin Tripp
 Paula Wilcox as Chrissy Plummer
 Sally Thomsett as Jo

Co-stars
 Yootha Joyce as Mildred Roper
 Brian Murphy as George Roper
 Doug Fisher as Larry Simmonds

Recurring cast
 Roy Kinnear as Jerry (series 3 to 5)
 Daphne Oxenford as Mrs Plummer (series 1, 4 and 6)

Plot
Chrissy and Jo live in a London flat together and work for the same firm. The women find a stranger, student chef Robin Tripp, asleep in their bath the morning after the farewell party for their departed flatmate Eleanor. When he meets the two girls, Robin has been in London two days, having moved from Southampton to attend university. The girls are unimpressed with Gabrielle (Helen Fraser) as a potential replacement for Eleanor, but they are impressed by Robin's culinary skills, as they cannot cook at all. Learning that Robin has been staying at the YMCA, they convince him to move in, on the understanding that it will be a platonic relationship.

Chrissy tells landlord George Roper that Robin is gay to eliminate George's objections to the mixed-sex living arrangement. George, in truth a subletting landlord placed by the council, is a miserly, spiteful and unkempt man under the thumb of his domineering and sexually frustrated wife Mildred.

In the second episode, Robin's true sexuality becomes known to Mildred. She takes out her frustrations with George's lack of class and sexual inadequacy by making suggestive remarks to Robin and frequently siding with the tenants against George. Mildred openly flirts with Robin, and Robin frequently flirts with Chrissy and Jo. The girls, adhering to their pledge to maintain a platonic relationship with Robin, spurn his mild advances and adapt to his presence in the flat. Chrissy occasionally shows attraction to Robin, but the two never pursue any romantic interaction.

Robin's friend Larry, a lovable rogue, appears on a recurring basis throughout the series. In the third series, he moves into the loft apartment above the trio's apartment and is a frequent source of trouble. Another occasional cast member is George's friend, the dodgy builder Jerry (Roy Kinnear). Jerry is the only supporting character to reappear in the spin-off George and Mildred.

Robin's brother Norman Tripp (Norman Eshley) appears in the final three episodes of the sixth and final series, and starts a romance with Chrissy. The series ends with Norman and Chrissy marrying. Eshley had a previous guest role in the episode "In Praise of Older Men" (Series 2, Episode 3), and would subsequently appear as another character, the Ropers' neighbour, in George and Mildred.

Episodes

First airing on 15 August 1973, Man About the House ran until 7 April 1976, spanning 39 episodes in six series. In addition, on Christmas Day 1973, a short special aired as part of All-star Comedy Carnival.

Theme music
Written by Johnny Hawksworth and entitled "Up to Date", the theme song was not specially commissioned for the show, but rather was provided via the production music company De Wolfe Music. It also appeared on the 1996 compilation CD The Sound Gallery – Volume Two, but credited to the Simon Park Orchestra.

Film

A 1974 film version of the show starred all of the main cast members. It was the last in a series of movie screen adaptations of popular TV shows made by Hammer Films, though a George and Mildred film (featuring Yootha Joyce and Brian Murphy) would be made in 1980 by another studio.

Spin-offs and remakes

After the series ended in 1976, two successful spin-off series followed:

 George and Mildred, in which the Ropers move to the suburbs.
 Robin's Nest, in which Robin gets married and opens a bistro.

The format of Man About the House was sold internationally, and it was remade in the United States as Three's Company in 1976; in the Netherlands as Sam Sam in 1994; in Sweden as En fyra för tre in 1996; in Norway as Tre på toppen in 1997; in Portugal as Não Há Duas Sem Três in 1997; in Poland as Lokatorzy in 2000; in Russia as Troe sverhy in 2006; in Ecuador as El hombre de la casa and in Chile as Tres son multitud, both in 2007.

The American Three's Company adaptation also spawned the same spin-offs as had Man About the House: Three's a Crowd (based on Robin's Nest) and The Ropers (based upon George and Mildred).

Home media
All six series have been released on DVD in the UK by Network DVD, as have George and Mildred and Robin's Nest.

Region 2 Releases:
 Series 1 - 2005 (reissued on 8 April 2013)
 Series 2–30 January 2006
 Series 3–20 March 2006
 Series 4–7 August 2006
 Series 5–22 January 2007
 Series 6–14 May 2007
 The Complete Series (features the six individual seasons in a box) - 24 September 2007
 The Complete Series (in slimmer packaging) - 26 May 2008

Series 1 and 2 have had a US release as part of a two-disc set by FremantleMedia.

Series 1 and 2 were released in Australia in 2004, but a delay was encountered in releasing further series because of contract renegotiations (the same problem affected releases of George and Mildred and Bless This House). Series 3 was finally released on 16 July 2008, and Series 4 on 5 November 2008. Series 5 and 6 are yet to be released. Series 1 was re-released on 2 April 2009, now with the same cover art as the UK edition. Fremantle Media re-released series 1 on 3 March 2011 with new cover art. Re-releases have continued with Series 2 on 3 October 2012, Series 3 on 1 May 2013, and Series 4 on 1 May 2013. Series 5 and Series 6 finally received a release on 7 August 2013. Via Vision Entertainment announced "The Complete Series" will be released on October 21, 2020, which will be the first time this series will be released as a collection.

In 2019, a 19-disc DVD set (Region 2) was issued by Network/Fremantle containing every episode of Man About the House, George and Mildred and Robin's Nest.

See also
 List of films based on British sitcoms

References

External links
 .
 .
 Man about the house – George and Mildred book at Publisher's website.

1973 British television series debuts
1976 British television series endings
1970s British sitcoms
1970s sex comedy television series
English-language television shows
ITV sitcoms
Television shows produced by Thames Television
Television shows adapted into films
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows set in London
Television shows shot at Teddington Studios

Man About the House


The Riverton Historic District is a historic district in the town of Barkhamsted, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.  It encompasses most of the historic 19th century industrial village of Riverton, whose mills were powered by the waters of the Still River and the East Branch Farmington River, which is located in the far northwestern corner of the town.

Description
Notable sites in Riverton include the post office, the Riverton General store, Sweetpea's Restaurant, Still River Antiques, Greenwood Glass Blowing Studio and Gallery (located in the former Union Church), and the Old Riverton Inn (separately listed on the National Register). Two major points of interest in Riverton are the Hitchcock Factory and the Sweet Shop, both of which closed down in the spring of 2006. The Hitchcock Chair Co. was reopened in Sept. 2011 and has a retail store in the village once again.

Riverton is also the site of the annual Riverton Fair, which takes place in early October of each year. The Riverton Fair is the last fair of the year in Connecticut.

History
The town of Barkhamsted was first settled in the mid-18th century, mainly with small dispersed settlements along the rivers and ridges.  The first house documented in what is now Riverton was built in 1789 by William Moore, Sr., and a bridge spanning the East Branch Farmington River was built in 1790.  The bridge, the only crossing for miles in either direction, spurred growth of the village.  The Old Riverton Inn was built in 1811, and still stands directly facing the bridge's eastern end.  The village developed in the 19th century as a small industrial center, powered mainly by the chair manufactory of Lambert Hitchcock.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Litchfield County, Connecticut

References

Barkhamsted, Connecticut
Historic districts in Litchfield County, Connecticut
Early Republic architecture
Colonial architecture in Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in Litchfield County, Connecticut
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut

Riverton Historic District (Barkhamsted, Connecticut)


Sturdivant Hall, also known as the Watts-Parkman-Gillman Home, is a historic Greek Revival mansion and house museum in Selma, Alabama, United States.  Completed in 1856, it was designed by Thomas Helm Lee for Colonel Edward T. Watts.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1973, due to its architectural significance.  Edward Vason Jones, known for his architectural work on the interiors at the White House during the 1960s and 70s, called it one of the finest Greek Revival antebellum mansions in the Southeast.

History
Construction of what is now known as Sturdivant Hall began in 1852, but was not completely finished until 1856.  Following completion, Edward Watts and his family lived in the house until 1864, when the house was sold and the family moved to Texas. The house was purchased from Watts by John McGee Parkman, a local banker, for the sum of $65,000 on February 12, 1864.  Following the end of the American Civil War, Parkman was made president of the First National Bank of Selma.  The bank engaged in cotton speculation and accumulated huge losses. The military governor of Alabama, Wager Swayne, had his Reconstruction authorities take possession of the bank and arrest Parkman. He was imprisoned at the county jail at Cahaba.  Assisted by his friends, Parkman attempted to escape from the prison on May 23, 1867, but was killed.

The house was sold at auction for $12,500 (~$ in ) in January 1870 to Emile Gillman, a prominent Selma merchant.  The Gillman family owned the house until 1957, when it was sold to the City of Selma for $75,000 (~$ in ).  A large share of the money for buying the house came through a $50,000 bequest from the estate of Robert Daniel Sturdivant, with a provision for setting up a museum in the city.  The mansion was turned into a house museum after the purchase and named in honor of Sturdivant.  The property continues to be maintained into the present day by the City of Selma, Dallas County, and the Sturdivant Museum Association.

Architecture
The house is a two-story brick structure, stuccoed to give the appearance of ashlar.  The front facade features a monumentally scaled hexastyle portico utilizing -tall Corinthian columns.  The front portico is accessed from the second floor by a cantilevered balcony with an intricate cast-iron railing.  Identical front doorways on both levels feature elaborate Greek Revival door surrounds with full Corinthian columns to each side of the door.

The side elevations of the house feature a small cantilevered balcony on one side and a wide first floor porch surmounted by another balcony on the other.  Both make use of elaborate cast-iron structural and decorative elements.  The rear elevation is dominated by a monumental distyle in antis portico with two Doric columns. A kitchen, smokehouse and two-story servants' quarters are set at right angles to the rear portico, forming a semi-enclosed courtyard to the rear of the house. A low pyramidal hipped roof covers the main block of the house, as well as the front and rear porticoes.  It is crowned by a small cupola.

The interiors of Sturdivant Hall reflect the growing taste for opulence in the United States during the 1850s.  The first floor has elaborate plasterwork and millwork throughout, with the drawing room and ladies parlor being the most detailed.  They both feature door surrounds with Corinthian columns and are ringed by paneled pilasters, topped by plaster cornices. The main entrance for the first floor enters a L-shaped front hall, with a cantilevered staircase in the side portion of the hall.  Other rooms on the first floor are the dining room, gentleman's parlor, and the warming room.  The second floor houses a T-shaped hall and four bedrooms.  From there, another cantilevered stair leads to an attic-level landing. From this landing a spiral stair winds around a central pole up to the cupola.

Folklore
The house has at least one ghost story associated with it.  Sturdivant Hall is featured in a short story by Kathryn Tucker Windham, in her 13 Alabama Ghosts and Jeffrey.  The story, "The Return of the Ruined Banker", involves John Parkman and the purported return of his ghost to the house after his death.

See also
Old Town Historic District (Selma, Alabama) — contributing property.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Alabama
Reportedly haunted locations in Alabama

References

External links

Alabama Ghost Trail: Sturdivant Hall — YouTube flash video, includes interior and exterior views of the house.

Houses in Dallas County, Alabama
Historic house museums in Alabama
Museums in Dallas County, Alabama
Buildings and structures in Selma, Alabama
Historic district contributing properties in Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Alabama
Houses completed in 1856
Reportedly haunted locations in Alabama
Antebellum architecture
Greek Revival houses in Alabama
Historic American Buildings Survey in Alabama

Sturdivant Hall


Svetoslav Konstantinov Minkov () (12 February 1902 – 22 November 1966) was a Bulgarian absurdist fiction writer.

Biography
Minkov was born in Radomir in 1902 in a military family. His older brother Asen died in the Second Balkan War, while his other brother Ivan, a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party, committed suicide in 1925 to evade arrest by the oppressive Tsarist authorities. Minkov received his primary education in Radomir, and graduated from a high school in Sofia.

His sister Teodora introduced him to the Bulgarian literary circles of the 1920s. He published his first work - Newton's binomial in the "Bulgaran" magazine in 1920. He was later enrolled in a military college in Austria, where he studied the works of Goethe, Nietzsche, Edgar Allan Poe, Henrik Ibsen and the Russian classical authors. Minkov was known for his eccentric character and suffered from bizarre, paranoid phobias, pervasive obsessive thoughts and nightmares.

He studied at Sofia University for a brief period of time before departing for Munich in 1922. There he spent some of his best years, paying more attention to contacts with the local bohemians than to studies. He came back to his native country in 1923, and started working as a librarian for the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Before 1942, Minkov visited a number of countries in Europe, Asia and South America. Between 1942 and 1943 he worked in the Bulgarian embassy in Tokyo. After 1944, he began working in a number of Communist-oriented newspapers. From 1954 to 1962 he was a chief editor at the "Bulgarski pisatel" printing house.

Minkov died in Sofia on November 22, 1966.

Style
Svetoslav Minkov is considered a pioneer of Bulgarian science fiction. He was a unique figure in Bulgarian literature – his talent and style were largely isolated from the local literary tendencies of the 1920s and 1930s, and he had no followers.

His works primarily concern the loss of identity in the technocratic world, social uniformity under the influence of technology, the uncertainty of morality and values and the existential aspects of boredom. Minkov vividly expresses his ideas by means of parody, diabolism, sarcasm and absurdism.

He also wrote numerous tales for children, studies on Japanese culture, and translated the tales of Scheherazade into Bulgarian.

Selected works
 The Blue Chrysanthemum, 1922
 Clock, 1924
 Firebird, 1927
 Shadow play, 1928
 The House at the Last Lantern, 1931
 Automatons, 1932
 Heart in a Cardboard Box, 1933
 The Lady With the X-Ray Eyes, 1934
 Madrid is On Fire, 1936
 Tales in a Hedgehog Skin, 1936
 Guest, 1938
 The Iron House, 1941
 Youth of the Ape, 1942
 Empire of Starvation, 1950
 Panopticum, 1966

References

 Complete bibliographical reference (in Bulgarian)

See also
 Geo Milev, another Bulgarian author and representative of Diabolism

Bulgarian male writers
Bulgarian science fiction writers
20th-century Bulgarian writers
Japanologists
1902 births
1966 deaths
People from Radomir (town)
20th-century Bulgarian historians
University of National and World Economy alumni

Svetoslav Minkov


Chris Rathaus (also known as Chris Randall) (March 22, 1943 – May 18, 2006) was an American a radio producer, program director and talk show host of radio programs in the United States.  Rathaus passed on the Paul McCartney death hoax, to an associate radio dj, Roby Yonge at WABC in New York City

Early life and education
Chris Randall was born in Albany, New York on March 22, 1943

Career
Randall started his career at WPTR/Albany, New York.  Next he moved to WKNR-FM "Keener 13"/Detroit. From Detroit, Rathaus moved to Pittsburgh to become production director and assistant program director at Westinghouse's KDKA Pittsburgh.

In 1974 he became program director of WOWO Fort Wayne, Indiana.  Later he moved to Tampa, Florida, where he directed programs at WDAE Tampa. As Chris Rathaus, he formed the audio production companies MediAide and Studio C in Tampa. During this time (late 1980's) he also worked as an adjunct professor at the University of South Florida (Main Tampa Campus) where he taught a class in audio production.  He was also the host of a nationally syndicated talk show, "The Rat House".  It was syndicated on 100 stations through the Sun Radio Network in Clearwater, Florida.

Rathaus moved to Beasley Broadcasting's WQAM Miami, and Clear Channel's WRMF-WJNO/West Palm Beach. He was also the producer of the Radio Ink audio program: "Radio Ink Live" series.

Becoming intrigued by new possibilities in changing technology, Rathaus left Palm Beach for the Internet radio start-up RadioCentral in San Francisco.  He was then hired at Sirius Satellite Radio, where he worked as a producer and helped expand their offerings to the unprecedented number they have achieved.

Death
Rathaus, at age 63, died of cancer in New York in 2006. Rathaus was best known for his audio production skills.

Legacy and honors
1998, he was awarded the International Radio TS Worldwide Gold Metal for best audio production.

References

2006 deaths
American radio personalities
American radio producers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
1943 births

Chris Rathaus


Gerolamo Cardano or Girolamo Cardano (English Jerome Cardan, Latin Hieronymus Cardanus; September 24, 1501 - September 21, 1576) was a celebrated Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, and astrologer.

As he was an illegitimate child, he could not enter the college of physicians. Despite this he was a relatively successful physician. The first description of Typhoid fever is attributed to him.

Today he is mainly known as a mathematician. He made some discoveries in algebra. He proposed ways to solve cubic and quartic equations. Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia told him about the solution of one particular cubic equation, . This caused a long fight. His student Lodovico Ferrari solved the quartic equations. Cardano also speaks about imaginary numbers in the same book, Ars Magna.

Cardano was often short of money, and gambled compulsively. A book of his, Liber de ludo aleae (Book on Games of Chance in the English), contains the first systematic treatment of probability, as well as a section on cheating. He wrote it c. 1564, but it was first published posthumously, in 1663.

He invented various things, including the  and the . He also believed that perpetual motion was impossible, except for stars.

1501 births
1576 deaths
Astrologers
Italian esotericists
Italian mathematicians
Italian physicians

Gerolamo Cardano


Shunzhi Emperor (; 1638 - 1661 ) was emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. Shunzhi Emperor was the ninth son of Huang Taiji and he reigned over China from 1644 to 1661. During his short reign, he implemented plenty of policies. He appointed Han Chinese to be the imperial officials. Also, he put the Upper 3 banners (Plain Yellow, Striped Yellow, and Plain White) under the control of the emperor. Moreover, Shunzhi Emperor let eunuchs participate in government activities.

Prince of Yanping on Taiwan, Zheng Jing wrote about the Shungzhi Emperor : "At the dawn of the New Year, the fake Emperor and Empress would enter a temple to worship their demon gods. It is located at a place where people could not go, and contains idols of males and females embracing each other and engaging in intercourse. After they complete their worship, the two would proceed to the platform naked, and perform in the manner of caged animals, with man on the left and woman on the right…these are truly the despicable customs of beasts. Moreover, when the barbarian chieftain dies, his younger brother violates his sister-in-law in order to perform this ritual in his place, while calling out aloud the name of the late emperor."

Life
 In 1643, Shunzhi Emperor is 6 and he inherits Huang Taiji's throne. Prince Dorgon becomes the regent.
 In 1644, the Manchu armies conquer the north of China. The capital is changed to Beijing.
 In 1650,Prince Dorgon dies. Shunzhi Emperor gets actual power.
 From 1651 to 1661, Shunzhi Emperor deals with government affairs patiently. In order to unify the country, he also sends armies to invade the south of China.
 In 1661, the Emperor dies of smallpox.

References

Emperors of Qing Dynasty
1638 births
1661 deaths
17th century in China

Shunzhi Emperor


In cryptography, key whitening is a technique used to increase the security of block ciphers. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key (most commonly using a simple XOR) before the first round and after the last round of encryption. DES-X was the first block cipher that used key whitening.

Cryptography

Key whitening


Chatrang, or Shatranj, was the name given to the early game of chess when it travelled to Persia and then to the Arab world.

In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became Chatrang and the rules were developed further, and players started calling Shāh! (Persian for 'King') when threatening the opponent's king, and Shāh māt! (Persian for 'the king is finished') when the king could not escape from attack. These exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands.

The game was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conquest of Persia, with the pieces largely retaining their Persian names; in Arabic "māt" or "māta" مَاتَ means "died", "is dead". In Arabic, the game became Shatranj. In all other languages, the name of the game is derived either from shatranj or from shah.

One interesting fact is that the Arabs divided their game into the same three stages which we do today: opening, middlegame and endgame.p234

Tabiyat
At the start of a game, the Arabic masters took a number of moves before the pieces were in contact with the other side.
"The result of this was that... the final position of the opening was the important one to memorise. Hence in almost all older Muslim chess-works we find... a collection of type-positions, each with its own distinctive name. [These] are recommended to the player as models for his imitation. Diagrams of these type-positions were a regular feature of Arabic chess-works down to the 17th century. These positions were called ta'biya (plural: ta'biyat or ta'abi)... which may be translated as battle-array".p234-5

The following table provides a glimpse of the changes in the names and character of chess pieces, as they passed from one culture to another, from India through Persia to Europe:p221

References

Chess variants

Shatranj


William Moses (1623?–1688) was an English academic and lawyer, Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, during the Interregnum and later serjeant-at-law.

Life
The son of John Moses, merchant tailor, he was born in the parish of St. Saviour, Southwark, about 1623. On 28 March 1632, at age nine, he was admitted to Christ's Hospital, and proceeded in 1639 as an exhibitioner to Pembroke Hall, now Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1644 and M.A. in 1647. Early in 1655 he was elected Master of Pembroke by the unanimous vote of the fellows. Benjamin Laney had been ejected from the mastership in March 1644, and the post had been successively held by the intruded Richard Vines and Sidrach Simpson. Moses was intruded as fellow at the same time as Vines, and acted as college treasurer for him.

Oliver Cromwell demurred to the appointment of Moses as Master, having wanted another in the post, but on representations made of the services of Moses to the college he withdrew his previous choice. Moses was a good administrator, securing for his college the possession of the benefactions of Sir Robert Hitcham, and rebuilding much of the fabric. He outwitted Cromwell by proceeding to the election to a vacant post, in advance of the anticipated arrival of Cromwell's nomination. Among the fellows of his period in office were William Sampson and Nathaniel Coga, and Nehemiah Grew was admitted.

At the Restoration, Laney was reinstated. Moses was not in orders, and made a choice of the law over medicine as profession. He became counsel to the East India Company, and was favourably noticed by the king and Heneage Finch. He was made serjeant-at-law on 11 June 1688, died a rich bachelor in the same year, and left benefactions to his college.

Views
According to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, Moses was a religious puritan, influenced when young by the Institutions of William Bucanus, which he read at Christ's Hospital in the English version by Robert Hill. He was disinclined to enter the ministry of the Church of England, was averse to presbyterianism and in favour of a moderate episcopacy.  A short Latin poem by him is included in Academiae Cantabrigiensis Σώστρα, Cambridge, 1660, a congratulatory collection on the restoration of Charles II. Richard Baxter wanted to have him act as one of the commissioners at the Savoy Conference the following year.

Notes

References

1623 births
1688 deaths
English lawyers
Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge
17th-century English Puritans

William Moses (academic)


Jonathan Tivadar Soros (born September 10, 1970) is the founder and chief executive officer of JS Capital Management LLC, a private investment firm. Prior to that, Soros worked at Soros Fund Management in daily operations and was co-deputy chairman of the organization.

He has been a prominent donor to Democratic and progressive political causes.  Soros started the Friends of Democracy PAC, now merged into Every Voice, to push for campaign finance reform and the abolition of the electoral college.

Early life and education

Soros's parents are Annaliese Witschak and business magnate George Soros, who divorced in 1981. He is the brother of Andrea and Robert Soros and half-brother of Gregory and Alexander, from his father's second marriage to Susan Weber.

He received a Bachelor of Arts from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut in 1992. He then received a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School and a Master of Public Policy from Harvard Kennedy School.

Career

Early career
Soros worked for a federal judge as a law clerk before joining Soros Fund Management.

Soros Fund
Soros worked at Soros Fund Management beginning in 2002 and in 2004, he and his brother, Robert, became co-deputy chairmen of the organization that managed $12.8 billion in funds at that time. Their father stepped down at that time, but remained as chairman.

He focused on operations and was the organization's chief investment officer until he stepped down in 2011. His father said that Jonathan was "the principal architect of our transition to a healthy and stable investment operation" out of a turbulent financial period. However, that year, the organization had incurred "significant losses" and had converted to a family office—managing the funds of George, his foundation, and Soros family members— and no longer operating as a hedge fund. In the process, its investors received $1 billion from the fund. Reuters states that the move was made to avoid a deadline to register at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment manager. Jonathan remained on the board of his father's foundation.

JS Financial
Soros is the founder and chief executive officer of JS Capital Management LLC, a private investment firm, located in midtown Manhattan near Central Park. The second quarter 2015 filings showed that the U.S. assets in its portfolio were valued at $500 million, up from $394.76 million the previous quarter. In 2015, Bloomberg Politics identified him as one of the hedge fund titans.

Political advocacy

Campaign reform
He advocates for the removal of the electoral college, which he says is undemocratic and unconstitutional. This is the position of the Every Voice political advocacy group and the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact that advocates for electoral votes to be given to each state based upon certified results of the popular vote.

In July 2012, Soros started and funded Friends of Democracy PAC (now merged into Every Voice), a hybrid political action committee and super PAC designed to push for campaign finance reform that would mandate a public financing system for all federal elections. Soros's organization was described as an "anti-super PAC super PAC" by The Washington Post. Founded with Ilyse Hogue, formerly with Media Matters for America and MoveOn.org, and David Donnelly, executive director of the Public Campaign Action Fund, the goal of the organization is to elect candidates that support campaign reform, including public matching funds for elections.

Its strategy is to identify 10 to 15 districts where incumbent senators or congressmen have not supported "citizen-led" elections, and use multiple forms of media—like television ads, direct mail, phone calls, internet ads—to communicate the lawmaker's position on campaign funding. For instance, Soros, the organization's largest contributor, helped fund the 2012 election of Cecilia Tkaczyk, who supports changes to funding for state elections by implementing a system of public financing. She won by a small margin, in a district that historically elected Republicans.

By 2014, he gave $2 million over a few years to support initiatives and candidates, and a total of $3.7 million was spent by Soros for Democratic candidates by October of that year. Seven of the eight candidates that the PAC chose to back were elected in 2014. He is a member of Democracy Alliance, an organization that funds Democratic campaigns. The American Prospect said of him, "Jonathan Soros has emerged in recent years as a savvy donor and operative, much more hands-on than his father, George, the billionaire investor and Democratic donor."

He backed two state legislative initiatives in 2016 to reform campaign financing, one in the state of Washington and the other in South Dakota. Washington Initiative 1464 would have provided $150 for each voter to contribute towards a candidate of their choice and limited contributions by government contractors and lobbyists. It did not pass. However, South Dakota's Government Accountability and Anti-Corruption Act was successful.

Other groups
Soros has worked with MoveOn.org and other political advocacy groups. He is a senior fellow at the Roosevelt Institute and a member of the board of directors of the New America Foundation and the Open Society Foundations. He is a donor to the Democracy Alliance.

He supports the New York Leadership for Accountable Government, formed about 2012. By March 2013, he supported small donor democracy, in which small-dollar campaign contributions are multiple-matched to increase participation by citizens and donor diversity.

He contributed to Hillary Clinton and Martin O'Malley's presidential campaigns in 2015. In 2016, he donated $1 million to the Planned Parenthood Super PAC, which supported the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign.

Personal life
Soros married Jennifer Allan in 1997, who was a social worker when they met. The two first met while working for the 1992 Clinton-Gore presidential campaign. Beginning in 2000, the couple lived in a townhouse in the West Village of Manhattan.

Notes

See also
 George Soros
 Open Society Foundations
 Tides Foundation

References

Further reading

1970 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American chief executives of financial services companies
American financial analysts
American financial company founders
American financiers
American hedge fund managers
American money managers
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
American political fundraisers
American stock traders
Harvard Law School alumni
New York (state) Democrats
Jonathan
Stock and commodity market managers
Wesleyan University alumni
American people of German descent
People from Greenwich Village
Harvard Kennedy School alumni

Jonathan Soros


John N. Lotz is a former Assistant Adjutant General for Air of the California National Guard.

Biography
A native of Riverside, California, Lotz graduated from La Habra High School in La Habra, California. He then graduated from California State University, Long Beach and Harvard Business School.

Career
Lotz originally enlisted in the United States Navy Reserve in 1959. After leaving the Navy Reserve, Lotz enlisted in the United States Air Force. He was commissioned an officer in 1964 and stationed at Truax Field in Madison, Wisconsin. From there, he was stationed at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California.

In 1974, Lotz was appointed to the California Air National Guard and assigned to the 261st Combat Communications Squadron in Los Angeles, California. He would assume command of the squadron in 1979. That year, he also graduated from the Air Command and Staff College. In 1982, he was appointed Deputy Commander of the 162d Combat Communications Group and was promoted to Commander in 1989. He became Assistant Adjutant General for Air of the California National Guard in 1990. Lotz retired in 1997.

Awards he received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, the Air Force Commendation Medal, the Outstanding Unit Award with two oak leaf clusters, the Organizational Excellence Award, the Combat Readiness Medal with oak leaf cluster, the National Defense Service Medal with service star, the Air Force Longevity Service Award with one silver and one bronze oak leaf cluster, the Armed Forces Reserve Medal, the Small Arms Marksmanship Ribbon and the Air Force Training Ribbon.

References

People from Riverside, California
People from La Habra, California
United States Air Force generals
United States Air Force airmen
United States Navy sailors
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Air Command and Staff College alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Military personnel from California

John N. Lotz


The Duke o Roxburghe (pronoonced "Roxbruh") is a title in the peerage o Scotland creatit in 1707 alang wi the titles Marquess o Bowmont an Cessford, Earl o Kelsae an Viscoont Broxmouth. John Ker, 5t Earl o Roxburghe became the first haulder o these titles. The title is derived frae Roxburgh in the Mairches.

The Duke haes the subsidiary titles o: Marquess o Bowmont an Cessford (creatit 1707), Earl o Roxburghe (1616), Earl o Kelsae (1707), Earl Innes (1837), Viscoont Broxmouth (1707), Lord Roxburghe (1600), an Lord Ker o Cessford an Cavertoun (1616). Aw o the titles form pairt o the peerage o Scotland, wi the exception o the Earldom o Innes, which belangs tae the peerage o the Unitit Kinrick. The Duke's eldest son bears the courtesy title o Marquess o Bowmont an Cessford.

The dukedom an its associatit titles descend tae heirs who shall inherit the earldom which in turn haed a vera specific line o descent. On the daith o the 4t duke the titles became dormant as nae ane coud prove their claim. In 1812 the Hoose o Lords ruled in favour o Sir James Innes-Ker, 6t Baronet, o Innes (see Innes Baronets), rejectin claims bi the heir female o the seicont earl an heir male whasoiver o the first earl.

The Duke o Roxburghe wad be the Chief o Clan Innes, but canna be so recognised as he retains the name Innes-Ker.</small>

The faimily haes its seat at Floors Castle in Kelsae, Scotland.

Earls o Roxburghe (1616)
Ither titles: Lord Ker o Cessford an Cavertoun (1616)
Ither titles (1st Earl): Lord Roxburghe (1600)
Robert Ker, 1st Earl o Roxburghe (1570–1650) haed been Lord Roxburghe syne 1600, dee'd athoot male issue
William Ker, Lord Ker (d. 1618), elder son o the 1st Earl, predeceased his faither athoot issue
Henry Ker, Lord Ker (d. 1642), younger son o the 1st Earl, predeceased his faither athoot male issue
William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe (d. 1675), a female-line grandson o the 1st Earl, succeedit him bi special arrangement
Robert Ker, 3rd Earl o Roxburghe (c. 1658–1682), eldest son o the 2nt Earl
Robert Ker, 4t Earl o Roxburghe (d. 1696), eldest son o the 3rd Earl
John Ker, 5t Earl of Roxburghe (c. 1680–1741), 2nt son o the 3rd Earl, became Duke o Roxburghe in 1707

Dukes o Roxburghe (1707)
Ither titles: Marquess o Bowmont an Cessford (1707), Earl o Roxburghe (1616), Earl o Kelsae an Viscoont Broxmouth (1707) an Lord Ker o Cessford an Cavertoun (1616)
John Ker, 1st Duke o Roxburghe (c. 1680–1741), seicont son o the 3rd Earl
Ither titles (2nt & 3rd Dukes): Earl Ker, o Wakefield in the Coonty o York an Baron Ker, o Wakefield in the Coonty o York (1722)
Robert Ker, 2nt Duke o Roxburghe (c. 1709–1755), ae son o the 1st Duke
John Ker, 3rd Duke o Roxburghe (1740–1804), elder son o the 2nt Duke, dee'd athoot issue
Ither titles (4t Duke): Lord Bellenden o Broughton (1661)
William Bellenden-Ker, 4t Duke of Roxburghe (1728–1805), grandson o Lord Bellenden (hissel fowert an youngest son o the 2nt Earl), dee'd athoot issue an the Roxburghe titles went dormant 1805–12
James Innes-Ker, 5t Duke o Roxburghe (1736–1823), great-grandson o Hon. Margaret Ker (d. 1681), dochter o Hon. Henry Ker, Lord Ker (d. 1642/3; hissel younger son o the 1st Earl)
Ither titles (6t Duke onwards): Earl Innes (GB, 1837)
James Innes-Ker, 6t Duke o Roxburghe (1816–1879), ae son o the 5t Duke
James Innes-Ker, 7t Duke o Roxburghe (1839–1892), elder son o the 6t Duke
Henry Innes-Ker, 8t Duke o Roxburghe (1876–1932), eldest son o the 7t Duke
George Innes-Ker, 9t Duke o Roxburghe (1913–1974), ae son of the 8t Duke
Guy Innes-Ker, 10t Duke o Roxburghe (1954–2019), elder son o the 9t Duke
Charles Innes-Ker, 11t Duke o Roxburghe (* 1981), eldest son o the 10t Duke
 Heir apparent is the brother of the present Duke, Lord Edward Arthur Gerald Innes-Ker (b. 1984).

See an aa
Clan Innes
Roxburgh Castle
Castle Holydean

Freemit airtins
An Online Gotha - Roxburghe

References

Dukedoms

The Mairches
Leets o Scots fowk

Duke o Roxburghe


is a company managing the commercial distribution center and the Semboku Rapid Railway in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It was formerly known as third-sector company  until June 30, 2014. Osaka Prefectural Urban Development and its subsidiary company were called the  together.

Business summary

The main purpose of the company that most are familiar with is the operation of the Semboku Rapid Railway in southern Osaka Prefecture. The railroad starts at Nakamozu Station on the Nankai Kōya Line and ends at Izumi-Chūō Station. During the 1960s, the Osaka Prefectural government planned a route link to Semboku New Town, one of many planned communities at the time of the post-war boom. The Nankai Electric Railway was to undertake the total planning, construction and operation of the new route, but because Nankai had several large accidents in the later half of that decade, Japan's national railroad safety board forced Nankai to purchase new rolling stock and start restoration track and wayside equipment. Because of the required sudden investment, Nankai stalled on the Semboku line's construction timetable. The Osaka prefectural government, using an existing third sector company, stepped in to undertake the new railway's construction and operation.

In addition to this, the original business as a logistics distribution center management body is still in operation. There are currently two truck terminals under its management in the following locations:

Higashi Osaka commercial distribution center
Kita-Osaka commercial distribution center

On July 1, 2014, the share of the company owned by the prefectural government was transferred to Nankai Electric Railway and the company joined the Nankai Group.

Railroad route
Semboku Rapid Railway

Subsidiary companies
Semboku Railway Service
Sentersu Industries
Rinku International Physical Distribution
Panjo
Osaka Rinku Hotel

References

External links

Companies based in Osaka Prefecture
Railway companies of Japan
Urban planning
Nankai Group
Semboku Rapid Railway

Semboku Rapid Railway (company)


John Paul Gimble (May 30, 1926 – May 9, 2015) was an American country musician associated with Western swing. Gimble was  considered one of the most important fiddlers in the genre. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 in the early influences category as a member of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys.

Gimble was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2018.

Biography

Gimble was born in Tyler, Texas, United States, and grew up in nearby Bascom. He began playing in a band with his brothers at age 12, and continued playing with two of them, George and Jerry, as the Rose City Swingsters. The trio played local radio shows, and gigs at dance halls.  Gimble later moved to Louisiana and began performing with the Jimmie Davis gubernatorial campaign. He was offered a job in the Governor's administration but turned it down to volunteer for service in the U.S. Army.  Gimble returned to Texas after completing his service in the U.S. Army in World War II.

Back in Texas, Gimble continued to hone his fiddling skills with a number of Texas radio and dance bands. In 1948, he made his first recording, playing with Robert Brother's Rhythmairs in Corpus Christi. A year later he joined Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys, with whom he toured for most of the next decade. With Wills, he played both fiddle and electric mandolin, and distinguished himself by using a five-string fiddle (most fiddles have four strings).

His fiddling style was influenced by other Texas fiddlers who played the "breakdown" fiddle tunes. Gimble's fiddling style, while uniquely his own, came to be known as the "Texas fiddling style" that emerged during the first half of the twentieth century among fiddlers such as Cliff Bruner, Louis Tierney, and Jesse Ashlock. Gimble learned from them, and further developed while playing with Wills, who epitomized and promoted a new sound known as Western swing. Western swing rose to national prominence in the 1940s, combining the old-time, Southern-derived Anglo string band tradition, with its breakdowns, schottisches, waltzes, and reels, with the big band jazz and pop music of the day.

After Gimble married Barbara Kemp of Gatesville, Texas, in 1949, he settled in Dallas, where, in the early 1950s, he began doing radio and television shows with Bill and Jim Boyd (of the Lone Star Cowboys) and performed on The Big D Jamboree, a weekly variety show broadcast live from the Dallas Sportatorium. He broke off to form his own group in 1951, performing as the house band at Wills's clubs in Fort Worth and Oklahoma City, but rejoined in 1953 and continued to play with Wills until the early 1960s. He played fiddle on Marty Robbins' No. 1 hit "I'll Go on Alone".

In 1955, Gimble moved to Waco, Texas, and split time between running a barber shop near the regional VA Hospital and music. In 1960, he quit touring with Bob Wills and hosted one of the first locally produced television shows on KWTX, Johnny Gimble & the Homefolks. Gimble's show featured a young bass player from nearby Abbott, Texas, named Willie Nelson, and a lifetime friendship and partnership was born. In 1968, after repeated encouragement from his peers, Gimble moved his family to Nashville, Tennessee. From then on, his steady work as a session musician included sessions with Merle Haggard and The Strangers on their Bob Wills tribute album (A Tribute to the Best Damn Fiddle Player in the World (or, My Salute to Bob Wills)), Conway Twitty, Connie Smith, Loretta Lynn, Lefty Frizzell, Ray Price, Willie Nelson, and Chet Atkins on Superpickers in 1973. The following year he took a cue from a song ("Fiddlin' Around") which he had written and performed on the Atkins' Superpickers album, and recorded his first solo album, titled Fiddlin' Around. . He recorded nine other solo albums.

From 1979 to 1981, Gimble toured with Willie Nelson worldwide, and appeared in a supporting role in the film Honeysuckle Rose. In 1983, Gimble assembled a Texas swing group featuring Ray Price on vocals, and charted a country radio hit with "One Fiddle, Two Fiddle", featured in the Clint Eastwood film Honkytonk Man in which Johnny had a supporting role portraying Bob Wills. He appeared from the 1970s through the 2000s on Austin City Limits on TV and Garrison Keillor's broadcasts (radio). At the time of his death, he held the record for most appearances on the Austin-based PBS show. He was a member of the Million Dollar Band, and frequent guest on "Hee Haw".

Gimble's career spanned into the 21st century, recording with Vince Gill, Tanya Tucker, and performing at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards with Carrie Underwood in 2007. "Until Lloyd Maines surpassed him, Johnny held the record for most appearances on Austin City Limits. He played with heart and soul and had an infectious spirit and sense of adventure - both in his music and personality," said ACL Executive Producer Terry Lickona. Johnny was also a regular on Minnesota Public Radio's A Prairie Home Companion hosted by Garrison Keillor, who in 1994 penned "Owed to Johnny Gimble" as a tribute to his friend after Gimble received the NEA's National Heritage Fellowship, and who performed the song again on May 9, 2015, to commemorate Gimble's life.

Personal life
Gimble and his wife Barbara were divorced twice and remarried twice. They had a son and two daughters, and as of 2022 they had four grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

Johnny and his son Dick Gimble, a college professor of music at McLennan Community College, started a Western Swing Camp focusing on fiddle. After two years in Waco and with the help of daughter Cyndy they moved the camp to SMU's Taos Campus and ensured that the western swing style of country music was passed on to the next generation.

Gimble's granddaughter, Emily, is a notable vocalist and keyboard player who has performed with Johnny, Asleep at the Wheel, Warren Hood, and Hayes Carll. Emily was a regular member of Asleep at the Wheel as keyboardist and vocalist from 2014 to 2016, a band that frequently partnered with Johnny to bring the music of Bob Wills to newer generations. She has since launched a solo career, based out of Austin, Texas, and followed Johnny's footsteps as the State Musician of Texas for 2020.

Gimble's grandson, Jon Gimble, is the District Clerk in McLennan County and serves on the Texas Judicial Council.

Death
Gimble died not far from his home in Dripping Springs, Texas, on May 9, 2015, aged 88. His daughter stated that her father was "finally rid of the complications from several strokes over the past few years".

Partial discography
His final album, Celebrating with Friends - 2010, features duos with long-time collaborators Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, Vince Gill, Dale Watson, and his son Dick and granddaughter Emily Gimble, and was produced by Ray Benson.
A Case of the Gimbles - 2005.  A collaboration with Johnny, son Dick Gimble, and granddaughter Emily Gimble.
Under the X in Texas - 1992.  Gimble's self-published classic featuring several self-compositions.
Still Fiddlin' Around 1988. Gimble's LP featuring standards and self-compositions published by MCA Records
Glorybound - 1987.  Gimble's instrumental gospel album, originally published by Word Records in Waco, Texas
Texas Fiddle Collection - 1981. Gimble's double LP published by CMH Records
Johnny Gimble & the Texas Swing Pioneers - 1980. Double LP produced by CMH Records
Johnny Gimble's Texas Honky Tonk Hits
Johnny Gimble's Texas Dance Party - 1976.  Gimble's live album recorded at the Chaparral August 29, 1975. Produced by Columbia Records
Fiddlin' Around - 1974

Awards and honors
From 1975 to 1990, he was nominated 15 times for Instrumentalist of the Year and won the Country Music Association Award five times.  Johnny garnered nine Best Fiddle Player awards from the Academy of Country Music. Gimble was nominated for a Grammy for his performance on the 1993 Mark O'Connor album Heroes, and was awarded two Grammy awards: 1) in 1994 for his arrangement of "Red Wing" on the Bob Wills tribute album by Asleep At The Wheel; 2) and in 1995 for Best Country Instrumental Performance for "Hightower" with Asleep At The Wheel.

In 1994, Gimble was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship as a Master Folk Artist from the National Endowment for the Arts.

In 1999, Gimble was inducted into the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame in the Early Influences category as part of Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys.

In 2005, Gimble was named State Musician for the state of Texas., and inducted into the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame.

Gimble was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2018.

Discography

Albums

References

External links
Gimble official website

The Strings of a Father, feature about Gimble published by Texas Monthly

1926 births
2015 deaths
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Texas
American session musicians
American country fiddlers
Western swing fiddlers
People from Tyler, Texas
Million Dollar Band (country music group) members
20th-century American violinists
American country mandolinists
Grammy Award winners
National Heritage Fellowship winners
People from Dripping Springs, Texas
Country musicians from Texas
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
20th-century American male musicians
United States Army personnel of World War II

Johnny Gimble


Patrizio Bertelli (born 6 April 1946) is an Italian billionaire businessman and the former co-chief executive officer (CEO), with his wife Miuccia Prada of Prada Group. As of March 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$4.5 billion.

Life and career

Born in the Tuscan city of Arezzo in 1946, Patrizio Bertelli is part of an Italian family with a long legal tradition. Nonetheless, his professional life soon began in the leather goods industry, leading the way to his entrepreneurial future in the luxury industry. When he was 21 and at university, he founded a small leather goods company Sir Robert which has been the base of his future entrepreneurial career.

In the late 1970s, he met Miuccia Prada, granddaughter of Mario Prada, founder of the Prada brand. They started not only a professional relationship but also a personal one, which later led to their marriage.

In the 1980s, they rethought Prada's image and added a modern dimension to the brand's core identity. Bertelli introduced a new business model within the luxury goods industry when he brought all internal processes together in order to have full control of the production line and of quality standards. This involved a product differentiation strategy, the development of new collections and labels as well as the renovation of all boutiques. With this rationale, the company expanded rapidly through the 1980s and 1990s.

Working in collaboration with Rem Koolhaas and Herzog & de Meuron in the late 1990s, Bertelli and Miuccia Prada decided to re-visit the concept of shopping, and they launched the "Prada Epicentres" project. In these stores, luxury goods, technology, design, and architecture merge to create a range of services and sensory and audiovisual experiences.

The "Prada Epicentres" are located in New York (Rem Koolhaas, 2001), Tokyo (Herzog & de Meuron, 2003) and Los Angeles (Rem Koolhaas, 2004).

In 2000, Bertelli received an honorary degree in business economics from the University of Florence.

Later in 2013, Forbes ranked him and his wife as one of the most influential couples in the world.

As of 2015, Bertelli is, together with Miuccia Prada, co-chief executive officer of the Prada Group, which includes Prada, Miu Miu, Church's, Car Shoe, and Marchesi 1824.

Further interests

Along with his wife, Bertelli has a passion for contemporary art and culture, which led to the creation of Fondazione Prada in 1993. Activities of Fondazione Prada span from art exhibitions to architecture, film festivals, philosophy and other cultural projects, held both in its Venetian palace on the Grand Canal, Ca' Corner della Regina, and a 19,000 square metre exhibition space in Milan, which opened in May 2015. Some Fondazione Prada projects were in locations such as Paris, London, Seoul, and Tokyo.

Bertelli also has a passion for sports, in particular for sailing. In 1997, he set up the sailing team Prada Challenge for the America's Cup 2000, challenging for the America's Cup. Prada was sponsor of the Luna Rossa team in the 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2013 editions of the America's Cup, winning the Challengers' Selection Series in 2000 and making the final in 2007 and 2013. Bertelli was the first Italian to be inducted in the America's Cup Hall of Fame on 29 June 2012.

Personal life
Bertelli and Miuccia Prada have two children, and live in Milan, Italy.

References

External links
Prada Group
Fondazione Prada

1946 births
Living people
Italian businesspeople in fashion
Italian billionaires
Italian chief executives
Businesspeople from Milan
Prada

Patrizio Bertelli


The Norfolk Bay is a body of water in the south east of Tasmania, Australia. The north west aspect of Norfolk Bay is continuous with Frederick Henry Bay. The north east aspect of Norfolk Bay is continuous with Blackman Bay via the Denison Canal.

History
The first recorded Anglo-Saxon encounter with Norfolk bay was by Matthew Flinders in 1798.

"Norfolk Bay was discovered by Willaumetz, an officer of D'Entrecasteaux, in 1792, who becoming short of provisions, could only get as far as Primrose Point. He did not know then whether this new bay had communication with Tasman's Frederick Hendrick Bay (Blackman's, or Marion Bay) ; and on D'Entrecasteaux's map Tasman Peninsula is called Tasman Island. Flinders in 1798 (the source erroneously states 1878) visited the Bay, giving it the name of Norfolk, after the small schoonerin which he was sailing with Bass. In 1802 Baudin examined the bay, and, unaware of Flinders's nomenclature, gave it the name of Port Buache, after the French King's geographer, who, by the way, was uncle to Beaupre, D'Entrecasteaux's historian. Arrowsmith and Frankland, in 1841 and 1858 used both names, but to-day Norfolk Bay is the only name that survives."

In 1896, after a visit from "H.M. Australian squadron", Norfolk Bay was "stated to be pre-eminently fitted for naval manoeuvres"

In years gone by the waters of this bay were infested with enormous sharks, which were regularly fed by the authorities, to prevent the possibility of convicts escaping from the peninsula to the mainland by swimming.

Geographical features

Lying within Norfolk Bay are Smooth Island, King George Island, Fulham Island and Dart Island. Norfolk bay also contains the following small rock islands: The Mackerel Islets, Tinpot Island and Mason rock.

Frederick Henry Bay, Dunalley Bay and King George Sound, Connellys Bay and Lime Bay are all located adjacent to Norfolk Bay.

The following suburbs surround Norfolk bay: Connellys Marsh, Dunalley, Murdunna, Eaglehawk Neck, Taranna, Koonya, Premaydena and Saltwater River.

Nautical information
The Cruising Yacht Club of Tasmania published the following information about Norfolk Bay:
Norfolk Bay is relatively shallow () with some deeper holes, and several islands – Smooth Island, King George Island, Fulham Island and Dart Island. Whilst the shallowness can result in fairly choppy conditions in strong winds, especially from the South West, there is no swell to compound the situation. During summer months the sea breeze can bring strong Easterlies but, as with most waters in this part of the world, watch for the south westerly change.

Fishing information
Sand flathead is the predominant recreational fish species which can be found within Norfolk Bay. A study by the University of Tasmania found that the greatest density of flathead occur southeast of a line connecting Premaydena and Boxalls Bay, particularly towards Koonya.

See also

 Geography of Tasmania

References

Bays of Tasmania
South East coast of Tasmania
Forestier Peninsula

Norfolk Bay (Tasmania)