David Lloyd Norton (March 27, 1930 – July 24, 1995) was an American philosopher. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, March 27, 1930, to Cecil V. Norton and (Adelene) Ruth Essick Norton. He was the brother of Douglas C. Norton (born 1945) of Norton's Fine Art in St. Louis.

Studies, family and early career
Norton earned a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from Washington University in St. Louis in 1952. In 1953 he married Joan Marie Carter of Webster Groves, Missouri, and in 1954 their first child, Anita Lee Norton (later Kronsberg) was born. During these years Norton also served as Associate Leader of the St. Louis Ethical Society. He and his wife lost an infant daughter, Nancy Ann, to crib death (or sudden infant death syndrome) in 1959. In 1961 Norton and his wife adopted an infant son, whom they named Ronald Vallet Norton.

After working as a civil engineer in California, Norton returned to Washington University to study philosophy, earning a Master's degree in 1962. He then took up doctoral work at Boston University, earning his Ph.D. in 1968. While in Boston, Norton served as Leader of the Boston Ethical Society. His second son, Peter, was born in Boston in 1963. His dissertation was "Transcendental Imagination: A Post-Kantian Appraisal."

In 1966 Norton moved with his family to Newark, Delaware, to serve on the faculty of the University of Delaware's philosophy department. Shortly thereafter he divorced and remarried. He fathered two more sons, Tucker (b. 1971) and Cory (b. 1976).

Philosophy
Norton taught at the University of Delaware for 29 years. In 1976 Princeton University Press published his book Personal Destinies: A Philosophy of Ethical Individualism, which received wide notice. His next book, Democracy and Moral Development, was published by the University of California Press in 1991. In 1995 Norton succumbed quickly to cancer, dying July 24. His final book, Imagination, Understanding, and the Virtue of Liberality, published by Rowman and Littlefield, appeared soon after.

In the last of the works listed above, Norton summarized his three books' related purposes. In Personal Destinies, he "addressed the fundamental moral question, What is a worthy life for a human being?" In Democracy and Moral Development, he took up "the inescapable correlative, What is a good society?" Finally, in Imagination, Understanding, and the Virtue of Liberality, Norton asked "what kind of world can productively accommodate a plurality of good societies?" and identified the traits of character required of individuals who would promote it.

As an academic philosopher, Norton devoted attention to the fundamental and practical problems of the life well lived. For his inspiration Norton turned chiefly to the Greeks, and especially to the dialogues of Plato. He called himself an ethical individualist, seeing a harmony between the individual's fidelity to his own "personal destiny" and the fulfillment of society's collective needs. He held that within each person is an innate potentiality (his daimon, or soul), and that each person's life task is to discover it and actualize it. This conviction shaped Norton's views on the distinct purposes of each of life's stages, on the proper roles of parents and schools, and on the best social and political arrangements.

In a late essay, Norton put his philosophy in succinct terms: "There is a distinctive course of life that is right for each individual, amid countless possibilities. This is the individual's vocation, variously termed his or her 'genius,' 'daimon,' 'Buddha nature,' or 'atman.' It consists in innate potentialities that predispose persons to a particular direction in life. As distinguished from other possibilities, the actualization by an individual of his or her potentialities affords intrinsic rewards to that person—that is, the activity is personally fulfilling and satisfying. Self-knowledge, then, is knowledge of the activities, situations, and relationships that the individual experiences as intrinsically rewarding. Engaged at these, the individual invests the best of himself or herself and strives continuously to improve, while in the process contributing objective values to others." ["Education for Self-Knowledge and Worthy Living," in Howie and Schedler, eds., Ethical Issues in Contemporary Society (Southern Illinois University Press, 1995)].

Norton's own philosophy recognized "duplicity" as a "hallmark of human nature," and saw in it the ultimate threat to the life well lived (Personal Destinies, ch. 1). The epigraph to Personal Destinies is an appeal from Socrates to unite "the outward and inward man." As Norton wrote in 1976, "Philosophy will sometimes present an individual with features of his acts and principles that horrify him, producing in him an exchange of principles and patterns of behavior" (Personal Destinies, "Unscholarly Epilogue").

 Quotations

• "In pre-Hellenic Greece, sculptors made busts of the semi-deity Silenus that had a trick to them. Inside the hollow clay likeness was hidden a golden figurine, to be revealed when the bust was broken open. ... Each person is a bust of Silenus containing a golden figurine, his daimon. The person's daimon is an ideal of perfection—unique, individual, and self-identical. It is neither the actual person nor a product of the actual person, yet it is fully real, affording to the actual person his supreme aim and establishing the principle by which the actual person can grow in identity, worth, and being." —Personal Destinies, ch. 1.

• "From the humanistic standpoint a philosophy that seeks converts is a contradiction in terms. The function of humanistic philosophy is not to impose invented forms upon human life, but to elicit and clarify the forms the lives of persons implicitly possess." —Personal Destinies, "Unscholarly Epilogue."

• "Those who accepted classical liberalism's invitation also incurred great costs, for with it they accepted an economistic conception of self and society that has by its moral minimalism rendered invisible the large demands and rewards of worthy living." —Democracy and Moral Development, ch. 7.

• Autonomy is not "total self-sufficiency" but "the entitlement of each interactive entity to determine for itself what its contributions to others will be and, likewise, to determine for itself what use it will make of the self-determined contributions of other entities." —Imagination, Understanding, and the Virtue of Liberality, ch. 4.

 Bibliography BooksImagination, Understanding, and the Virtue of Liberality (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996).

Democracy and Moral Development (University of California Press, 1991).

Personal Destinies: A Philosophy of Ethical Individualism (Princeton University Press, 1976).

Japanese Buddhism and the American Renaissance (in English and Japanese editions; Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Philosophy, 1993).Articles and Book Chapters'''

"Moral Integrity, Organizational Management, and Public Education," International Journal of Public Administration 17, no. 12, pp. 2259–2284.

"Education for Self-Knowledge and Worthy Living," in John Howie and George Schedler, eds. Ethical Issues in Contemporary Society (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1994), ch. 6.

"Education for Moral Integrity," in Dayle M. Bethel, ed., Compulsory Schooling and Human Learning: The Moral Failure of Public Education in America and Japan (San Francisco: Caddo Gap Press, 1994), ch. 1.

"Parents as Learning Enablers," in Bethel, Compulsory Schooling, ch. 6.

"On Recovering the Telos in Teleology, or 'Where's the Beef?'" The Monist 75, no. 1 (January 1992), 3-13.

"Humanistic Education for World Citizenship," in Osamu Akimoto, ed., The Way Toward Humanistic Education (Tokyo: Daisan Press, 1992), 169-200.

"Moral Education for Values Creation," in Osamu Akimoto, ed., The Way Toward Humanistic Education (Tokyo: Daisan Press, 1992), 202-230.

"Education for Values Creation," Soka Gakkai News (Tokyo) 11, no. 259 (September. 1990), 14-22.

"Makiguchi: A Philosophical Appraisal," in Dayle M. Bethel, ed., Education for Creative Living: Ideas and Proposals of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi (Iowa State University Press, 1989), 203-214.

"Moral Minimalism and the Development of Moral Character," in Peter A. French, et al., eds., Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 13: "Ethical Theory: Character and Virtue" (Notre Dame University Press, 1988), 180-195.

"The New Moral Philosophy and Its Application to Organizational Life," in N. Dale Wright ed., Papers on the Ethics of Administration (State University of New York Press, 1988), 47-66.

"Social Organization and Individual Initiative: A Eudaimonist Model," in Konstantin Kolenda, ed., Organizations and Ethical Individualism (Praeger, 1988), 107-136.

"Liberty, Virtue, and Self-Development: A Eudaimonist Perspective," Reason Papers 12 (1987), 3-15.

"Tradition and Autonomous Individuality," Journal of Value Inquiry 21 (1987), 131-146.

"The Moral Individualism of Henry David Thoreau," in Marcus G. Singer, ed., American Philosophy (Cambridge University Press, 1986), 239-253.

"Is 'Flourishing' a True Alternative Ethics?," Reason Papers no. 10 (spring 1985), 101-105.

"Life-Shaping Choices," The Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1983, 41-42.

"Good Government, Justice, and Self-Fulfilling Individuality," in Roger Skurski, ed., New Directions in Economic Justice (Notre Dame University Press, 1983), 33-52.

"Nature and Personal Destiny: A Turning Point in the Enterprise of Self-Responsibility," in A. T. Tymieniecka, ed. The Philosophical Reflection of Man in Literature (Reidel, 1982), 173-184.

"Toward the Community of True Individuals," in Konstantin Kolenda, ed., Person and Community in American Thought (Rice University Press, 1981), 119-133.

"On an Internal Disparity in Universalizability-Criterion Formulations," Review of Metaphysics 33, no. 3 (March 1980), 51-59.

"On the Tension Between Equality and Excellence in the Ideal of Democracy," in Maurice Wohlgelernter, ed., History, Religion, and Spiritual Democracy: Essays in Honor of Joseph L. Blau (Columbia University Press, 1980).

"On the Concrete Origin of Metaphysical Questions in Childhood," in Matthew Lippman and Ann Margaret Sharp, eds., Growing Up with Philosophy (Temple University Press, 1978), 121-130.

"Can Fanaticism Be Distinguished from Moral Idealism?" Review of Metaphysics 30, no. 3 (March 1977), 497-507.

"Individualism and Productive Justice," Ethics 87, no. 2 (January 1977), 113-125.

"Rawls' Theory of Justice: A Perfectionist Rejoinder," Ethics 85, no. 1 (October 1974), 50-57.

"On Teaching Students What They Already Know," School Review (Chicago University Press) 82 no. 1 (November 1973), 45-56.

"Social Entailments of Self-Actualization" (co-author), Journal of Value Inquiry 7 no. 2 (summer 1973), 106-120.

"Eudaimonia and the Pain-Displeasure Contingency Argument" Ethics 82, no. 3 (spring 1972), 314-320.

"From Law to Love: Social Order as Self-Actualization," Journal of Value Inquiry 6, no. 1 (spring 1972), 91-101.

"Does God Have a Ph.D.?" School Review 80, no. 1 (November 1971), 67-75.

"Toward an Epistemology of Romantic Love," Centennial Review 14, no. 4 (fall 1970), 421-443.

"The Rites of Passage from Dependence to Autonomy," School Review 79, no. 1 (November 1970), 19-41.

"Learning, Life-Style, and Imagination," School Review 78, no. 1 (November 1969), 63-79.

"Daimons and Human Destiny," Centennial Review 13, no. 2 (spring 1969), 154-165.

"Philosophy and Imagination," Centennial Review 12, no. 4 (fall 1968), 392-413.

"Art as Shock and Re-Beginning," Centennial Review 12, no. l (winter 1968), 96-109.

"Life, Death, and Moral Autonomy," Centennial Review 10 no. 1 (winter 1966), 1-12.

"Humanism as a Culture," The Humanist, no. 6 (1963), 180-184.

"The Elders of Our Tribe," The Nation, February 18, 1961.

"Return to the Hearth's Longing," The Nation, August 20, 1960.

"New Ear for Emerson," The Nation,'' March 12, 1960.

See also
 American philosophy
 Ethical egoism
 List of American philosophers

References
 Biographical sketch, Department of Philosophy, University of Delaware

External links

1930 births
1995 deaths
Philosophers from Delaware
Philosophers from Missouri
McKelvey School of Engineering alumni
Boston University alumni
University of Delaware faculty
20th-century American philosophers
American ethicists

David L. Norton


The North Pacific Current (sometimes referred to as the North Pacific Drift) is an ocean current that flows west-to-east between 30 and 50 degrees north in the Pacific Ocean. The current forms the southern part of the North Pacific Subpolar Gyre and the northern part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The North Pacific Current is formed by the collision of the Kuroshio Current, running northward off the coast of Japan, and the Oyashio Current, which is a cold subarctic current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise along the western North Pacific Ocean. In the eastern North Pacific off southern British Columbia, it splits into the southward flowing cold water California Current and the northward flowing Alaska Current.

Flows and temperature

Originating from the eastward directed flow occurring east of the island of Honshu, Japan, the North Pacific Current extends over 40° of longitude. According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the NPC may be considered to be a part or an extension of the Kuroshio current. The current covers a large area and brings warmer water from the subtropics to the sub-polar latitudes. Average sea surface temperature along the NPC can range in the winter from 45-61°F (7.2-16.1°C) and in the summer months 64°F-74°F (17.8-23.3°C).

As it flows from west to east, the latitudinal extent of the NPC increases so much that it spans some 20 degrees of latitude east of the dateline. This is associated with a decrease in the speed of current; eastward directed speeds at the surface are typically less than 0.05 m/s (5 cm/s) in the central Pacific. As the NPC approaches the west coast of North America, it divides into two broad currents: the northward flowing Alaska Current and the southward flowing California Current. The splitting of flow is referred to as the bifurcation of the NPC.

The Gulf of Alaska and the California Current receive different volumes and flows of warm water from the North Pacific Current. The Gulf of Alaska receives about 60% of the flow of the NPC while the California Current receives the remaining 40%. These values may fluctuate, resulting in changes in the volume and the speed of the NPC water entering into the Alaska and California Currents.

Gyre contribution

The NPC forms the northward portion of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. As the eastward flow of the Kuroshio, the flow of the NPC can lead to the transport of material from the western Pacific to the coast of North America. For example, some of the marine debris from the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011 was transported by the NPC across the Pacific, leading to deposition of tsunami debris along the shores of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.

References

External links
 Quick Bulletin of Ocean Conditions around Japan

Currents of the Pacific Ocean

North Pacific Current


Cirrhosis is a disease of the liver.  Normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. The liver does not work so well.

Cirrhosis is caused mostly by alcoholism, hepatitis B, hepatitis C or hepatocellular carcinoma. Ascites (retention of fluid in the abdomen) is the most common complication for cirrhosis. The patient's skin develops a yellowish hue (jaundice) as the disease gets worse. Liver damage by cirrhosis cannot be repaired. It leads to a poor quality of life, and can cause death.

Liver disease

Cirrhosis


Alexander Girard (May 24, 1907 – December 31, 1993), affectionately known as Sandro, was an architect, interior designer, furniture designer, industrial designer, and a textile designer.

Early life
He was born in New York City to an American mother from Boston and a French-Italian father. He was raised in Florence, Italy and in 1917, he was sent as a boarder to Bedford Modern School in England leaving in 1924 to study architecture in London. After also graduating from the Royal School of Architecture in Rome, Girard refined his skills in both Florence and New York. In 1932, his studio was opened in New York and he moved it to Detroit in 1937.

Career
Girard is widely known for his contributions in the field of American textile design, particularly through his work for Herman Miller (1952 to 1973), where he created fabrics for the designs of George Nelson and Charles and Ray Eames.

His work also includes designing the La Fonda del Sol Restaurant in New York (1960), the Herman Miller Showplace: T&O (Textiles and Objects) (1961), Braniff International Airways (1965), and the Girard Foundation (1962), which houses his extensive folk art collection. He and his wife, Susan Girard, amassed a remarkable collection of artifacts consisting of folk art, popular art, toys, and textiles from around the world, which is displayed through the Girard Foundation, founded 1962. One of the artists Girard supported was Cochiti Pueblo potter Helen Cordero, the creator of Storyteller pottery figurines.

Girard at Herman Miller

Herman Miller Textiles Division
In 1952, Alexander Girard was hired to head the fabric and textile division. Girard worked with George Nelson and Charles and Ray Eames to form a design team that has influenced the fundamentals of design throughout the United States and the rest of the world. Girard initially established a fabric collection based on his architectural training. His first fabric line consisted of plain upholsteries and geometric drapery prints—stripes, circles, and triangles. He went on to create many more patterns and designs, largely inspired by folk art. He also worked with a textile mill, Telares Uruapan, which he discovered in central Mexico, to create a line of handwoven 100% cotton fabrics. Because of the excellent quality and array of colors available, he developed a range of colorful "mexidots"and "mexistripes" which he used in many of his projects including installation backing, ground for environmental enrichment panels and upholstery.

Girard also developed a furniture collection for Herman Miller in 1967 building on his designs for Braniff Airlines' lounge and office furniture which featured a low sight line and interior/exterior shell separate from the seat cushion to maximize varied upholstery. Originals from this collection are rare and have become highly collectible, since they were quite expensive at the time and were in production only for one year. In 1971, he developed 40 screen printed graphics on fabrics for Robert Propst's Action Office 2 System. These Environmental Enrichment panels add a touch of warmth, color, and design to the office environment.

T&O (Textiles and Objects) 1961
This Herman Miller showplace was a unique space filled with textiles and folk art pieces on Manhattan's East 53rd Street. Textiles and Objects was an innovation demonstrating textiles as an integral part of interior displays for both designers and the individual consumer. The showroom also featured folk art Girard collected from around the world. T&O closed in shortly after opening, due to insufficient marketing and a public was not quite ready to add such colorful and exotic objects to the typical 1950s, palette of their homes.

Independent projects

Braniff Airways and "The End of The Plain Plane"

In May 1965, Girard began his design work for Braniff International Airways re-branding campaign called "The End of the Plain Plane". This project gave Girard the opportunity to work with textiles, color, and graphics on a grand scale, redesigning everything from the sugar packets to the ticket counters to the color of the planes themselves. He used colors like light and dark blue, beige, ochre, orange, turquoise, and lemon yellow to make the planes recognizable from the ground. Italian couturier fashion designer Emilio Pucci designed attendant uniforms.

Girard also designed a line of furniture for Braniff's ticket offices and customer lounges. This furniture was also available to the public by Herman Miller in 1967, but was available for one year only.

Restaurants

In 1960, Girard designed every aspect of the La Fonda del Sol restaurant located in Manhattan's Time-Life building in a Latin American and contemporary theme/style, including menus, matchbooks, tableware and the ceramic tiles on the floors and walls. Girard created over eighty different sun motifs found throughout the restaurant.

As part of the commission, Charles and Ray Eames were brought in to design a fabric covered fiberglass chair and table, both with a new pedestal design. The chairs were similar to the plastic Eames chairs with a modification to the top silhouette of the fiberglass bucket.

Girard was also commissioned by Brody to design the L'Etoile Restaurant (1966) in the Sherry Netherlands Hotel, New York, a French restaurant with austere decor featuring a range of silver and greys featuring glass engraved with the names of French luminaries and daisy shaped tables in the bar. The Compound Restaurant (1967), in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is in a clean modern yet traditional New Mexican style with inlaid Mexicotton ceiling tiles and nichos featuring a mix of folk art and Girard's own designs.

Georg Jensen
In 1956, Just Lunning, president of Georg Jensen, commissioned Girard to design seven table settings for an exhibition on 5th Avenue in New York. Each setting was created around a vignette outlining the personalities and situations of the company at the particular table. He created place mats and dishes specific to the project.

John Deere
Girard was commissioned to create a mural for the John Deere Company, in the entrance to their administration building designed by Eero Saarinen near Moline, Illinois. The mural is one hundred eighty feet long and eight feet high, created entirely with three dimensional found objects.

The Girard Foundation
In 1962, Girard and his wife established the Girard Foundation in Santa Fe to manage their art collection that numbered over 100,000 pieces, including toys, dolls, icons, and other ethnic expressions. Girard's design work was heavily influenced by his passion for folk art. In 1978, Girard contributed his immense collection to the Museum of International Folk Art in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. The museum opened to the public in 1953, and has gained national and international recognition as home to the world's largest collection of folk art.

The Girard Wing houses the popular permanent exhibition, Multiple Visions: A Common Bond, which showcases folk art, popular art, toys and textiles from more than 100 nations. Opening in 1982, this unorthodox and delightful exhibition was designed and installed by Girard, and remains popular with the public.

Additional projects
 Radio cabinets, interiors for Detrola Corporation (1943)
 Exhibition design, "Design for Modern Use, Made in U.S.A." Museum of Modern Art (1950)
 Rieveschi residence, Grosse Pointe, Michigan (1951)
 Miller House, Columbus, Indiana (1953)
 Exhibition design, "Good Design" Home Furnishings Exhibition, Museum of Modern Art (1954)
 Exhibition design, "Textiles and Ornamental Arts of India" Museum of Modern Art (1954)
 "Day of the Dead" documentary film, collaboration with Charles Eames (1956)
 Nativity Exhibition, sponsored by Hallmark Cards, Atkins Museum, Kansas City, Missouri
 Penthouse apartment for Hallmark Cards, Hallmark Building, Kansas City (1962)
 Gregory residence, Wayzata, Minnesota (1963, with architect I.W. Colburn)
 Interior design of the campus of St. John's College, Santa Fe, New Mexico (1964)
 Indian government commissioned Girard and Eames to design the Memorial Exhibition for Nehru, Delhi, India (1965)
 "El Encanto de un Pueblo (The Magic of a People): International Exhibit for Hemisfair, San Antonio, Texas (1968)

Wooden Dolls
Girard Designed the Wooden Dolls in 1952. The Wooden Dolls were used for his Santa Fe home. They were human and animal characters with various colors. After Girard's heirs donated it to the Vitra Design Museum, it was studied and imitated and produced.

Typography
Girard designed his own typeface and used it in other design works through typography. The fonts he designed are practical, illustrative and readable.

Awards and recognition
Gold Medal, Barcelona Exhibition, 1929
Fabric Competition, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1946
St. Louis Memorial Competition, Winning Team Member, 1948
Trail Blazer Award, Home Fashion League of New York, 1952
Silver Medal, Architectural League of New York, 1962
Elise de Wolfe Award, New York Chapter of American Institute of Interior Designers, 1966
Governor's Award, Outstanding Contribution to Fine Arts in New Mexico, 1981
Designer's West/Ray Bradbury Creativity Award, 1987

Exhibitions
 Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, The Opulent Eye of Alexander Girard, 2001
 San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Alexander Girard: Vibrant Modern, 2006

Exhibition 'Alexander Girard: A Designer's Universe'
Vitra Design Museum, Weilam Rhein, Germany 11 Mar 2016- 22 Jan 2017
Cranbrook Art Museum, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA Jan 17 2017- Oct 08 2017
Hangaram Design Museum, Bloom field Hills, Seoul, South Korea, Dec 2017- Mar 2018
Museum of Internationala Folk Art, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA May 5, 2019- Oct 27 2019
Palm Springs Art Museum, Palm Springs, California, USA Nov 23 2019- Mar 01 2020
Franz Mayer Museum, Mexico City Jun 17 2020- October 11, 2020

Gallery

References

Further reading

  – A 276-page set of essays which describe the content and importance of the Girard collection. The essays are complemented by black and white as well as color plates of collection objects on display at the Museum.
  – A 96-page set of essays which describe the Girard collection and its origins. The book, which contains over 100 color plates of objects described in the essays, is currently out of print.

External links
 Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page
 Girard Wing
 Girard at Braniff
 Dwell Magazine Article
 House Industries Girard Collection produced in conjunction with the Girard estate and Máximo House Industries
 Alexandar Girard's works in Columbus, Indiana

1907 births
1993 deaths
Architects from New York City
American textile designers
Museum founders
American people of French descent
American people of Italian descent
20th-century American architects
People educated at Bedford Modern School
American expatriates in Italy
20th-century American philanthropists
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
AIGA medalists

Alexander Girard


Frank Morehead Drew (October 10, 1930 – November 13, 2021) was an American brigadier general. He retired on July 1, 1979.

Biography
General Drew was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He graduated from Beverly Hills High School, California, in 1948. After attending Western Kentucky State College for a year, he entered the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, and graduated in June 1953 with a Bachelor of Science degree and a commission in the U.S. Air Force. He completed the U.S. Army Command and Staff College in 1964 and the National War College in 1971, and received his Master of Science degree from The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., in 1971.

After graduation from the academy, he attended pilot training and received his pilot wings at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, in 1954. He then attended F-86 combat crew training at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, and while at Nellis was selected for assignment in January 1955 to the U.S. Air Force Academy, where he served as an air training officer for the next three years.

In December 1957 he was assigned as a flight commander in the 417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing at Toul-Rosieres Air Base, France, flying the F-86H and the F-100D. In January 1959 he was transferred to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, to organize an operations facility for command and control of Tactical Air Command fighter squadrons on rotational temporary duty from the United States.

General Drew was transferred to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, in February 1960, where he served as an operations officer in training squadrons and in the group headquarters. In August 1963 he entered the Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

After graduation in July 1964, he was assigned to the 1st Air Commando Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida, where he held various squadron and wing positions. He also performed six months of temporary duty with a T-28 detachment in Southeast Asia. He was wing director of standardization and evaluation when, in April 1967, he was assigned to command the Tropic Moon I Task Force, a special Air Warfare Center unit equipped with A-lE's fitted with night vision devices designed for independent night interdiction operations. After more than a year of development, testing and training in the continental United States, General Drew went with the unit to Southeast Asia, where he commanded it during a year of combat operations.

General Drew returned to the United States in December 1968 and was assigned as chief of the Air Support Branch in Defense Communications Planning Group, Washington, D.C. In January 1970 he was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force where he served in the Office of the Special Assistant for Sensor Exploitation, Office of the Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force.

In August 1970 General Drew entered the National War College, Washington, D.C. He returned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force in July 1971 to serve as assistant for general officer matters in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel. In August 1974 he was assigned as commandant, Air Command and Staff College, at Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

General Drew served as chief, Air Force Section, U.S. Delegation, Joint Brazil-United States Military Commission, at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 1975 to December 1976, when he assumed his duty at the Tactical Fighter Weapons Center.

He was a command pilot with 3,600 flying hours. His military decorations and awards include the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal, Presidential Unit Citation, and the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with oak leaf cluster.

He was promoted to the grade of brigadier general August 1, 1974, with same date of rank.

References

External links

Official US Military biography of Frank Drew

1930 births
2021 deaths
United States Air Force generals
United States Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Air Force personnel of the Vietnam War
George Washington University alumni
Western Kentucky University alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Beverly Hills High School alumni
National War College alumni
Military personnel from Salt Lake City
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

Frank Drew


Farrukhabad Gharana is one of six prominent playing styles or gharanas of North Indian tabla , in Hindustani classical music, and derives its name from Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh state.

HistoryEdit
The Farrukhabad Gharana of Tabla was created in the 11th Century by a Rajput Court musician Akaasa who later had to convert to Islam and became a Muslim (Dastaan-e-akasa). He also changed his name from Akaasa to Mir Akaasa. He was the first to introduce bols into tabla playing. The first bols introduced in tabla were "TAT-DHIT-THUN-NAN". Mir Akaasa died in the year 1189 AD (Need Citation). He was succeeded by nine sons and one daughter. He passed on his legacy to his eldest son, Ustad Bilawal Khan, who in turn passed the torch of the gharana to Ustad Ali Baksh (famous for his kran bols). This tradition continued till the 26th descendant, Ustad Haji Vilayat Ali Khan (1779-1826). It was he who named this 'gharana' after the province in which he used to live viz. Farrukhabad. Ustad Haji Vilayat Ali Khan (1779-1826) gave this gharana the name of the province where he used to live, which was Farukkabad.

Ustad Haji Vilayat Khan got the title of Haji after his completion of 7 haj ( Islamic pilgrimage). Vilayat Khan got famous after his famous battle of Tabla gats with Ustad Salaali Khansaheb, who has challenged Ustad Bakshu Khansaheb of Lucknow gharana, In order to save his pride Bakshu Khansaheb requested Vilayat Khan, who was also Salaali Khansaheb's uncle, to fight the battle of tabla Gats with Ustad Salaali Khansaheb. This battle continued for almost 15 days where many gats (authentic composition of the gharanas) and jodas (pairs of such compositions) were exchanged. On the 15th day Vilayat Khan played a unique Gat (Gat of Gazi) whose joda (pair) Ustad Salari Khansaheb could not produce. Thus Vilayat Khan was declared the winner. Ustad Bakshu Khansaheb as a reward got Vilayat Khan married to his daughter and reputedly gave him 500 tabla compositions (although some sources say only 12 compositions). Vilayat Khan on the other hand gave Salaali Khansaheb his daughter in marriage and along with that he gave 14 authentic Gats known as jahezi gats to Ustad Salaali Khan as dowry.

Ustad Haji Vilayat Khan's sons, Hussain Ali Khan & Amaan Ali Khan became Tabla artist of repute. Amaan Ali Khan in his old age suffered from some contagious disease. His family members neglected him at that time. At that he left for Jaipur and decided to educate others instead of his own family members. Pandit Jailal Misra, eminent kathak performer & teacher, "grabbed this opportunity. He took lot of care of Ustad and Ustad trained him wholeheartedly."

The lineage of Farrukhabad is still carried on by the descendants of This Gharana. The Present Khalifa (head) of this gharana is the great tabla exponent Ustad Sabir Khan who is the 33rd generation of this unbroken lineage and his sons Arif Khan, Asif Khan and Ameen Khan are the 34th descendant of this lineage.

There is a huge variety in the repertoire of compositions, owing to the tremendous and creative output of great composers such as Haji Vilayat Ali Khan and Amir Hussain Khan, nephew of Munir Khan, himself a disciple of Nisar Hussain Khan. In addition, a large number of gats (compositions).

RepertoireEdit
The Farrukhabad gharana is the among the oldest gharanas (i.e. school) of Tabla, the other one being Delhi Gharana. It belongs to the wider "Purbi Baj", or "eastern way of playing", which regroups Lucknow, Farrukhabad and Ajrada styles. Hence it is characterized by an extensive use of resonant strokes played on the sur of the daya reminding the Pakhawaj, but also, in the case of Farrukhabad gharana, by delicate strokes.

The repertoire is replete with a varied and intriguing compositions, makes great use of open resonant baya strokes, and contains many unique stroke combinations. There is a greater wealth and emphasis of gats, chalan, and rela compositions than on qaida or peshkar. There is a prominent use of certain bols, notably DhereDhere/KitaTaka/TakitaDha.

.

ReferencesEdit

 ^ Dutta, Aloke; 1995. Tabla - Lessons and practice. Albuquerque. Page 176
 ^ http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38220/13/13_chapter%207.pdf
 ^ Naimpalli, Sadanand; 2005. Theory and Practice of Tabla. Mumbai: Popular (rakashan Pvt. Ltd.)
 ^ Saxena, Sudhir Kumar, 2006: The Art of Tabla Rhythm. New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi.

फर्रुखाबाद घराना


{{Infobox television
| alt_name     = Last One StandingSix Versus the WorldLast Woman Standing
| image        = Last man standing logo small-1-.jpg
| starring     = see Contestants:Series OneSeries TwoLast Woman Standing| runtime      = 60 minutes
| narrated     = Richard HammondRalf Little
| composer     = Ty Unwin
| country      = United Kingdom
| company      = Gallowgate ProductionsBBC/Discovery Channel
| network      = BBC Three
| first_aired  =
| last_aired   =
| num_series   = 3
| num_episodes = Series One: 8 (12 in US)Series Two: 10Last Woman Standing: 6
}}Last Man Standing and latterly Last Woman Standing (known in the United States as Last One Standing and also known by the Discovery Channel title of Six Versus the World) is a BBC reality TV show that was first aired on 26 June 2007. Each series featured a group of athletic individuals travelling around the globe to take part in different tribal or traditional sports. Whoever physically outperforms the rest in the most challenges is declared the winner.

Series 1 was narrated by Richard Hammond, with series 2 being narrated by Ralf Little.

1st Last Man Standing: Jason Bennett from the United States

2nd Last Man Standing: Wolé Adesemoye from the United Kingdom

The Last Woman Standing: Anna Campbell from Lamu, Kenya

Format
Each episode begins with the contestants being introduced to a new indigenous society, meeting the local elder or head man. The contestants are introduced to the sport they will be competing in. They must board and eat with the villagers, and help out with village chores while being trained by the villagers, both for general fitness, and in techniques required for the particular sport. Competitors often undertake local rituals or traditions, such as ceremonial dancing, the wearing of tribal clothing, body painting, medicinal treatments, ritual tests of strength or courage, and the offering up of prayers or offerings to local gods or spirits.

Contestants are usually split into two camps within the village, with two trainers. Contestants then train against local villagers. Some episodes feature an initial elimination stage, whereby only the contestants who have sufficiently impressed their trainer are allowed to actually compete in the sport proper, usually a local showpiece event or competition, a regional competition, or a contest against a neighbouring village.

For certain sports, the contestants were split into weight categories, such as wrestling. In the final competition phase, the winner for that week is the contestant who performed the best in the actual competition format, usually either progressing furthest in an individual knockout contest, winning a race, or scoring the most individually in a team sport such as Trobriand Cricket. Any draws are then settled with a vote by the local trainers.

Series one
The first series of the programme consisted of eight episodes produced by the BBC and premiered in the UK on BBC Three from 26 June to 14 August 2007. It was later shown on the more mainstream BBC Two from 2 March to 26 April 2008. Also, that season was translated in French and aired in Québec, Canada as Le Dernier Combattant (The Last Fighter) on Canal D. The Discovery Channel showed the programme as Last One Standing, starting on 4 October 2007. Discovery produced an extra four episodes for the American run (Kraho Log Running, Andean Ice Race, Java Martial Arts, and Vanuatu Canoe Race). All twelve episodes have run on BBC America as Last Man Standing but the four Discovery-produced episodes have not yet been shown in the UK. Despite this, both series had the same winner: With Brad, Jason and Rajko tied for first place (with 2 wins each in the UK version and 3 wins each in the US version), the competitors vote for Jason as the overall winner.

Contestants

Episodes
Week 1: Kalapalo Wrestling – Brazil
Winner: Brad

Week 2: Zulu Stick Fighting – South Africa
Winner: Mark

Week 3: Tarahumara Endurance Running – Mexico
Winner: Rajko

Week 4: Sümi Kick Fighting – India
Winner: Jason

Week 5: Mongolian wrestling – Mongolia
Winner: Brad

Week 6: Trobriand Cricket – Papua New Guinea
Winner: Rajko

Week 7: Wolof Wrestling – Senegal
Winner: Richard

Week 8: Sepik Canoe Racing – Papua New Guinea
Winner: Jason (also named overall winner for British airings)

Week 9: Kraho Log Running – Brazil
Winner: Rajko

Week 10: Andean Ice Race – Peru
Winner: Richard

Week 11: Pencak Silat – Indonesia
Winner: Brad

Week 12: Vanuatu Canoe Race – Vanuatu
Winner: Jason (also named overall winner for American airings)

Series two
Series 2 of Last Man Standing began airing in the UK on BBC Three on 14 October 2008. The overall winner was Wolé, since his win in the final competition was deemed the deciding factor in the draw which ensued, with Ed also having attained 3 wins.

Contestants

Episodes
Week 1: Suri Stick fighting – Ethiopia
Winner: Wolé
The first episode involved stick fighting with a  stick, called the Donga. Officially, the only way to win is to either make your opponent bleed from the head or feet, or simply give up. However the Suri changed the rules for the contestants and also decided that they would fight amongst themselves to make it safer. Jarvis falls ill and is too weak to begin training which forces him to bow out. After a couple of days practising Wolé, Ed and surprisingly Murray are judged good enough to fight. The three competitors fight in a round robin competition where each contestant fights each other. In the first fight Wolé fights Murray and wins, despite Wolé landing a head shot against Murray which is against the rules for this competition. In the second fight Murray, needing a win to become the overall winner, fights Ed but only manages a draw. The third and final fight sees Wolé and Ed battle to win the overall competition. Controversially the fight is deemed a draw much to the surprise of Ed and the other competitors especially since Ed had already been handed a flag to signify his victory. This means that Wolé wins the overall competition for the first week.

Week 2: Samo wrestling in Burkina Faso
Winner: Joey
Samo wrestling is highly physical and energy sapping, one wrong step swiftly results in smashing to the ground. One week two the boys travel to Burkina Faso in Africa to compete in a Samo wrestling tournament. They compete for a village called Nyon in a local Samo tournament and represented the village. Nyon's trainer is former Samowrestling champion Francois, Wolé and Jarvis impress in the initial training bouts but Ed reveals that he has been injured and is forced to pull out rather than risk serious damage so we're down to five. Francois takes Jarvis and Joey to sacred crocodiles and sacrifices two chickens in the hope for luck. The boys are on the team sheet for a night fight against the nearby village of Sawa. It's been arranged to help both teams prepare for the big contest. After a master-class with the national champion the boys enter the competition on behalf of Nyon. After two rounds Wolé and Joey hold the joint lead with a win and a draw each. Just behind are JJ and Murray, both with a single win. Murray and JJ lose their fights so it's down to just Wolé and Joey in the last round. Wolé faces Ki Ika, one of the top wrestlers in Burkina Faso who has already beaten Jarvis and drawn with Joey but brute force gives way to technique and Wolé loses. It was all down to Joey and all he needed was a win which he achieved and that means he wins the overall competition for the second week.

Week 3: Endurance racing in Nepal
Winner:  Ed
In week 3 the contestants competed in a Sherpa mountain race where they would eventually climb a  mountain. The contestants would have to carry a 25 kg stone in the process. Contestants stayed in the village of Pikehop, 10,000 feet above sea level. Forty-year-old Pulba had the task of training the contestants and Murray seemed like an early favourite as he stayed right behind the Sherpa whilst the others all struggled. The final practise saw the competitors go to the halfway point of the full course. Again Murray did very well finishing well before the rest, however Ed also did well. Before the big race the competitors all chose their stones which all had different messages on them. Murray's tactics for the race were to start off very fast. When the race started he ran very fast and was right behind the Sherpa for some time. Joey got in trouble early on when his basket (used to carry the stone) breaks. Jarvis helps him out but both are well behind the others. After an hour into the race Murray is exhausted and Ed and Wolé pass him. Wolé remains close behind Ed however after more than three and a half hours Ed comes through and is crowned Last Man Standing for this week. Wolé comes through in second with Murray coming in third. JJ and Joey come through fourth and fifth, whilst Jarvis brings up the rear.

Week 4: Canoeing in the Amazon
Winner: Ed

In week four the contestants travelled to the Mato Grosso for a 16 km canoe race, with 8 km going downstream before turning around and paddling back upstream. JJ and Jarvis were the early favourites to win the overall race as they did the best in the first few training sessions. On race day it was they who led from the start of the race before being reeled in by Wolé. After only a few minutes Ed flooded his canoe and once he had finished emptying his canoe he was dead last. He soon managed to overtake the back three and had Murray in his sights. He gradually overhauled Murray and coming into the turn he and Wolé were neck and neck. Joey retired from the race, after just about reaching the halfway point, as he was exhausted. He was also complaining that his boat lent to one side. For the other competitors going back upstream was much harder but Ed opened up a lead and Murray pushed past Wolé. The final stretch was a shoot out between Ed and Murray. However Ed managed to hold on and became the first ever athlete to win back to back victories on Last Man Standing.

Week 5: Archery in Bhutan
Winner: JJ

In week 5, A first happened within the Travellers, they were split into 2 groups to take part in an Archery contest between two tribes which make the Manchester Derby look soft. The targets they shoot from in Practise and in the Contest were 3 times the original distance that they use at Olympic level. In the Contest JJ hits the target with his 3rd of 7 shots which puts him in the lead with 2 points but 2 turns later, Murray registers a near miss, which scores 1 point. On the last turn Ed manages to get a near miss but these are the only people to hit the target.

Week 6: Endurance racing in deep snow in Kamchatka, Russia
Winner:  Murray

Week 7: Sikaran kick-fighting in the Philippines
Winner: Wolé

In week seven the group arrive in the Philippines to take part in a Sikaran kick-fighting competition. During a training spar with Wole, Jarvis breaks two fingers. The doctors set them in a cast and strongly advise him not to fight but Jarvis, desperately seeking his first win, chooses to ignore them and opts to complete his training and enter the contest. Even with his injury, Jarvis impresses the trainers and is tipped as the favourite.
The competitors arrive at the contest and are told the rules: if a fighter steps outside the circle, or hits the opponent in the head or below the waist they receive a warning. Three warnings results in an instant disqualification. All the fighter's names are placed in a hat and then randomly drawn. JJ is drawn first against a local fighter and loses. Ed then defeats Murray via knockout. Jarvis beats his opponent and Wole defeats Joey. In the next round Ed, Wole and Jarvis all proceed to the semi-finals after their opponents are disqualified. Ed, severely injured in the last round, fights again immediately and loses. Jarvis and Wole face off in the other semi-final with everything on the line. Wole's first kick is a foul – a hard kick straight to Jarvis' testicles. After getting up again Jarvis forces Wole out of the ring and he receives his second warning. Next, Wole kicks Jarvis again in the testicles. There is much confusion over whether the kick was illegal (it would have been Wole's final warning and resultant disqualification) but the judges call it fair believing that Jarvis deflected Wole's kick below the waist. The fight ends in a draw and the judges declare Wole the winner with a vote of 2-to-1 giving him his second controversial victory on Last Man Standing. Jarvis is devastated whilst Wole goes on to win the final and become the local Sikaran champion.

Week 8: Water Buffalo racing in the Indonesian island of Sumbawa
Winner: JJ

In week 8 the group took part in buffalo racing, a sport whereby two buffalo are attached to a frame where a jockey stand and steers them down the course. Wole is disappointed this event doesn't give him the opportunity to whack the other contestants. Later the athletes choose their buffalo and Wole changes his mind about the sport when he draws a pair of fast and well-bred buffalo. Joey draws the fastest buffalo of the lot but very wild and his temper and attitude towards the buffalo doesn't go down well with the locals. Murray draws the wildest buffalo of the lot and considers using the frame as a surf board down the course. Ed and JJ seem to be doing well and Joey finally manages to control his buffalo to some extent. On race day Wole and his thoroughbreds are hot favourites to win, the race is a straight course with a jump halfway down and a magic doll at the end to knock down only candidates that knock down the doll will have their times counted and each candidate only gets one run. Joey and Wole miss the target whilst Murrays buffalo stop moving near the end of the course putting him out of the running as well. Jarvis's buffalo run into the side but he is given a second chance due to a false start. On his second attempt his frame breaks putting him out of contention. JJ knocks down the doll and moves to second overall in the contest and first amongst the athletes. The final candidate Ed misses the doll making JJ the last man standing.

Week 9: Kushti mud wrestling in India
Winner: Ed

Week Nine sees the group arrive in India to take part in Kushti Mud Wrestling. Ed and Wole have problems with their technique from the start while JJ is flagged as the early favourite. Murray must leave less he risk permanently damaging his already injured knee. In a training session JJ dislocates his shoulder and must leave the competition. When the tournament match decider comes and finds himself unable to decide who should face Wole, he decides that the best course of action is to fight him himself and it is revealed he is a former state champion although he hasn't wrestled in two years. In the match Wole's strength is unable to overcome the defensive technique of the former champion. Despite dominating the exchanges Wole is unable to place his opponents back onto the floor and loses after being thrown on his back from a standing position. This performance handicaps Wole as the organiser decides to place Wole in with the harder opponents after being impressed by Wole's ability. The tournament comes around and Ed finds his win quickly after the opening bell with a traditional Kushti throw. Joey then loses as does Wole but Jarvis manages a win from a defensive position. After a count from the judges Ed is called as the winner his winning technique being worth 3 points to Jarvis' 2 to the crushing disappointment of Jarvis.

Week 10: Canoeing in the Pacific
Winner: Wolé

The final event in the series is an epic 25 mile open water canoe race held over two days. After arriving at the island the boys are not surprised to discover that they will be racing canoes. The first few days are fun for all with only light training, made easier by the fact that these canoes are proper oceangoing vessels with outriggers making them stable and straight. When the group help with harvesting the sea it becomes apparent that Joey and Jarvis are not comfortable at all, while Murray is in his element and the others, although not super confident, are showing good resilience and willpower. As the race approaches the length of the race is revealed to the athletes, as well as the course and its inherent dangers such as the reef, breaking waves, strong currents, sharks in the water and crocodiles near and on land. This leaves the athletes with very sober looks on their faces. The first day of paddling will see the boys reach one of two midpoint islands for the night, the catch being that if you attempt to make the second island and fail to do so before sunset you will be sent back to the first exhausted and with further to paddle on the second day. Ed believes that Murray may burn himself out as he did in Nepal and sets himself for a steady pace. Heavy rain the day before the race is a bad omen as it is always followed by strong winds and high seas. As the race begins, Murray's knowledge of the sea helps him through the reef and JJ is smart enough to stick close behind giving him second place. the other boys all struggle with the big waves hitting the reef and it's too much for Joey and Jarvis who retire almost immediately leaving the trainers shattered. Ed struggles for an hour but finally clears the reef while Wole requires help from a local. This sees an absolutely gargantuan performance from Wole who manages to pass all but Murray on the first leg with all the remaining athletes making it to the second island before sunset. While Murray is feeling good the others are exhausted and JJ in particular is struggling, having had his shoulder badly injured in the previous challenge. The next Wole is up first indicating his strong ambition to win, trying to get any advantage possible by consulting the locals. The first half of the second leg sees a fantastic struggle between Wole, Murray and Ed, with JJ dropping back in considerable pain and frustration. The run home on the second leg once again sees Wole simply out-muscling Murray and Ed who begin to fatigue. Murray stays in touch however and Wole once again struggles to overcome the reef, this time grounding his canoe badly. As Murray pushes to overtake Wole desperately scrambles over the reef, this time unassisted, cutting himself all over on the sharp reef. As Murray is approaching Wole manages to free himself and find a last effort for the shore where he arrives first, just in front of an exhausted Murray with Ed only a few minutes back finishing in third leaving JJ to struggle home in the rear. This huge effort sees Wole crowned the Last Man Standing overall.

Last Woman Standing
The third series of the programme featured five female contestants, and was entitled Last Woman Standing''. It consisted of six episodes produced by the BBC, and was broadcast in the UK on BBC Three from 9 February to 16 March 2010.

Contestants

Episodes
Week 1: Kamaiura Wrestling – Brazil
Winner: Joni Swanston
Week 2: Xavante Log running – Brazil
Winner: Lesley Sackey
Week 3: Banahaw Kali stick fighting – Philippines
Winner: Anna Campbell
Week 4: Coron Island Bamboo raft racing – Philippines
Winner: Anna Campbell
Week 5: Sumbawa Water buffalo racing – Indonesia
Winner: Lesley Sackey
Week 6: Tarahumara Mountain endurance race – Mexico
Winner: Anna Campbell (also named overall winner)

References

External links

 Last Man Standing Official UK Site
 Last Woman Standing Official UK Site
 Last One Standing Official US Site
 BBC interview with Mark Hoban from Last Man Standing / Last One Standing
Six Versus the World on Discovery
Anna Campbell's website
Corey Rennell's website
Mark Hoban's website
Rajko Radovic's website

BBC Television shows
2007 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
British reality television series

Last Man Standing (British TV series)


Hilda Kean (born August 1949) is a British historian who specialises in public and cultural history, and in particular the cultural history of animals. She is former Dean and Director of Public History at Ruskin College, Oxford, and an Honorary Research Fellow there. Kean is a visiting professor of History at the University of Greenwich and an adjunct professor at the Centre for Australian Public History at the University of Technology Sydney.

She is the author of a number of books, including Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800 (1998), and People and their Pasts: Public History Today (2009, with Paul Ashton).

Works
Books
 (2017) The Great Cat and Dog Massacre
 (2013) Reader in Public History, Routledge, ed with Paul Martin
 (2009) People and their Pasts: Public History Today, Palgrave Macmillan (ed with Paul Ashton)
 (2004) London Stories: Personal Lives, Public Histories, Rivers Oram Press
 (2000) Seeing History: Public History in Britain Now, Francis Boutle, ed with Paul Martin, Sally J. Morgan
 (1999) Ruskin College: Contesting Knowledge, Dissenting Politics, Lawrence and Wishart, ed with Geoff Andrews, Jane Thompson
 (1998) Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800, Reaktion Books
 (1990) Deeds not Words: The Lives of Suffragette Teachers, Pluto Press
 (1990) Challenging the State? The Socialist and Feminist Educational Experience, Falmer

Selected papers
 (2011) "Commemorating Animals: Glorifying Humans?  Remembering and Forgetting animals in War Memorials," eds Maggie Andrews, Charles Bagot–Jewitt, Nigel Hunt, Lest we Forget. Remembrance and Commemoration, History Press, pp. 60–70
 (2011) "English Labour movement festivals and the past: commemorating defeat and creating martyrs," in eds Laurajane Smith, Gary Campbell & Paul Shackel, Cultural Heritage and the Working Class Heritage, Labour and the Working Classes, Routledge
 (2011) "Traces and Representations: Animal Pasts in London's present," The London Journal
 (2010) "People, Historians and Public History: De -mystifying the Process of History Making," Public Historian, vol. 32, no. 3, August, pp. 25–38
 (2009) "Balto, the Alaskan dog and his statue in New York's Central Park : animal representation and national heritage," International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 413–430
 (2008) "Personal and Public Histories: issues in the presentation of the past," in eds Brian Graham and Peter Howard, The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity, Ashgate, pp. 55–69
 (2007) "The moment of Greyfriars Bobby: the changing cultural position of animals 1800 – 1920," in ed Kathleen Kete, A Cultural History of Animals in the Age of Empire 1800 – 1920, vol. 5, Berg, pp. 25–46
 (2005) "Public History & Popular Memory. Issues in the commemoration of the British militant suffrage movement," Women's History Review, vol. 14 nos. 3 & 4, pp. 581–604
 (2004) "Public history and Raphael Samuel: a forgotten radical pedagogy?" Public History Review vol. 11, Professional Historians Association, New South Wales, Australia, pp. 51–62
 (2003) "An exploration of the sculptures of Greyfriars Bobby, Edinburgh, Scotland  and the old brown dog in Battersea, South London, England, Society and Animals, Journal of Human-Animal Studies, vol. 11, no. 4, 2003, pp. 353-73.
 (2003) "Making History in Bethnal Green: different stories of nineteenth century silk weavers," with Bruce Wheeler, History Workshop Journal, no. 56.

Notes

External links

"Dr Hilda Kean on BBC 1: The One Show", Ruskin College, 18 August 2010.

1949 births
Living people
20th-century British historians
21st-century British historians
Academics of Ruskin College
Academics of the University of Greenwich
British animal rights scholars
British animal welfare scholars
Historians of animal rights
Cultural history of the United Kingdom
Academic staff of the University of Technology Sydney

Hilda Kean


The P-20 "Periskop" (; ), also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Token" in the west, is a 2D E band/F band radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.

Development
The P-20 development was started in 1946 when State Federal Order of the Red Banner Research Institute Number 20 (now called All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering or VNIIRT) was given the task of developing stationary and mobile early warning ground control and interception radar for the Soviet Air Force. The stationary radar later became the P-50 but the mobile radar was to become the P-20. The design inspired a number of successors including the P-30, P-35 and P-37 radar.

The P-20 was the first Russian radar to use the decimetric wavelength, the first prototype being created in 1947, and a factory test unit in 1949. By 1949 the radar had completed state trials and was accepted into wide service within the Soviet airforce, the designers of the P-20 were awarded the State Prize of the USSR in 1950 in recognition of the achievement.

Description
The P-20 is a semi-mobile radar with equipment mounted on eight ZIl-151 trucks, components include the control cabin and power supply equipment as well as a trailer for the antenna and transmitter equipment. The antenna system of the P-20 consists of two open frame truncated parabolic antennae accomplishing both transmission and reception. The radar uses two antenna to determine target altitude by the V-beam system with azimuth scanned mechanically. The upper antenna is tilted to an angle of 45 degrees from horizontal which results in each target appearing twice on the indicator, the distance between the two allows the targets altitude to be approximately estimated by the operator.

The P-20 had four indicators to display the information generated from the radar, panoramic, range and altitude as well as a remote indicator. The radar used five separate channels for reception and transmission, using different frequencies to avoid mutual interference between the beams, three beam channels being used by the upper antenna and two for the lower antenna.

Operators
The P-20 was operated by the Soviet Union from 1949 and though the radars have since become obsolete, they were passed down to successor states after the fall of the Soviet Union. The design has been superseded by later designs like the P-37 radar.

See also
 P-30 radar
 List of radars

References

Soviet military radars
Military vehicles introduced from 1945 to 1949

P-20 radar


Brad Seely (born September 6, 1956) is a former American football coach.

Playing career
Seely attended South Dakota State University, where he played football and was an All-Conference offensive lineman. He earned degrees in both economics and physical education while there.

Coaching career

College
Seely began his college coaching career in 1978 with his alma mater South Dakota State. He then moved to Colorado State University as a graduate assistant in 1979 and was promoted to offensive line coach in 1979. Seely also spent a year in 1981 with current Patriots offensive line coach Dante Scarnecchia at Southern Methodist University as an assistant offensive line coach. In 1982, Seely was an offensive line coach for North Carolina State University, then moved to University of the Pacific in the same capacity for 1983. In 1984, Seely rounded out his college career with 5 years at Oklahoma State, coaching an offensive line that led Barry Sanders to the 1988 Heisman Trophy.

NFL
Seely made the jump to the professional level in 1989, working as the tight ends and special teams coach for the Indianapolis Colts through 1993. He then spent the 1994 season with the New York Jets as their special teams coach. In 1995, Seely began a 4-year stint with the Carolina Panthers also as their special teams coach, winning the NFL Special Teams Coach of the Year Award in 1996. He joined the Patriots on January 27, 1999. Following 10 seasons with the Patriots as their special teams coach under Pete Carroll and Bill Belichick, Seely joined former Patriots assistant Eric Mangini's coaching staff in Cleveland as their assistant head coach and special teams coach in 2009. Beginning in 2011, he is Special Teams Coordinator and Assistant Head Coach with the San Francisco 49ers. He was hired by the Raiders on January 20, 2015. On January 17, 2018 Seely was hired by the Houston Texans as the Special Teams Coordinator. On June 5, 2020, Seely announced his retirement from coaching.

Personal life
Seely and his wife, Patricia, have three daughters, Sarah, Hannah, and Brynn.

References

External links
 Oakland Raiders bio
 New England Patriots biography

1956 births
Living people
People from Vinton, Iowa
American football offensive linemen
South Dakota State Jackrabbits football players
Colorado State Rams football coaches
SMU Mustangs football coaches
NC State Wolfpack football coaches
Pacific Tigers football coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches
Houston Texans coaches
San Francisco 49ers coaches
Oakland Raiders coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches
New York Jets coaches
Carolina Panthers coaches
New England Patriots coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches

Brad Seely


Filfil is a town in Eritrea, lying north of Asmara.  Based on plantations, it is known for its surrounding rainforest and its animals. It is also within one of Eritrea's protected national forests. There is a highway built exclusively for non-commercial traffic through this town connecting the cities of Asmara and Massawa through Ghatelai.

Populated places in Eritrea

Filfil


Praxagoras () was a figure of medicine in ancient Greece. He was born on the Greek island of Kos in about 340 BC. Both his father, Nicarchus, and his grandfather were physicians. Very little is known of Praxagoras' personal life, and none of his writings have survived.

History
Between the death of Hippocrates in 375 BC and the founding of the school in Alexandria, Egypt, Greek medicine became entrenched with speculation, seeing little advances in medicine. During this period four men took up the study of anatomy: Diocles of Carystus (fl. 4th century BC), Herophilus (c. 335–280 BC), Erasistratus (c. 304–250 BC), and finally Praxagoras.

Galen (AD 129–216), a famous Greek physician, wrote of Praxagoras as this influential figure in Greek medicine and a member of the logical or Dogmatic school. Galen also probably knew of the works of Praxagoras, writing on natural sciences, anatomy, causes and treatment of disease, and on acute diseases.

Praxagoras adopted a variation of the humoral theory, but instead of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) that most physicians held, he insisted on eleven. Like the other Greek physicians, he believed health and disease were controlled by the balance or imbalance of these humors. For example, if the proper amount of heat is present in the organism, the process of digestion is natural. Too little or too much heat will cause a rise in the other humors, which then produces certain disease conditions. He considered digestion to be a kind of putrefaction or decomposition, an idea that was held until the 19th century.

Praxagoras was also influential in the Alexandrian school in particular. After the death of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC), Egypt fell to the hands of General Ptolemy, who established a modern university with the first great medical school of antiquity. Human dissection was practiced, mostly by Herophilus and Erasistratus; Praxagoras was Herophilus' teacher.  Although the university in Alexandria and its massive library was destroyed by bands of conquerors, later Arabic physicians made the efforts to preserve some of the writings. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, Greek scholars brought back Greek medicine to the medical schools of the Western Renaissance.

Praxagoras' theory of circulation
Praxagoras studied Aristotle's (384–322 BC) anatomy and improved it by distinguishing between artery and veins. He saw arteries as air tubes, similar to the trachea and bronchi, which carried pneuma, the mystic force of life. Arteries took the breath of life from the lungs to the left side of the heart through the aorta to the arteries of the body. He believed the arteries stemmed from the heart, but the veins came from the liver. Veins carried blood, which was created by digested food, to the rest of the body. The combination of blood and pneuma generated heat. As one of the humors, thick, cold phlegm gathered in the arteries would cause paralysis. Also, he believed that arteries were the channels through which voluntary motion was given to the body, and that the cause of epilepsy was the blocking of the aorta by this same accumulation of phlegm.

Aristotle, Diocles, and Praxogoras insisted that the heart was the central organ of intelligence and the seat of thought. Praxagoras differed with the others in that he believed the purpose of respiration was to provide nourishment for the psychic pneuma, rather than to cool the inner heat.

Arteries and pulse
Praxagoras' views on arteries were very influential in the development of physiology. Since the concept of nerves did not exist, Praxagoras explained the movement of arteries to the fact that arteries get smaller and smaller, and then disappear. This disappearance caused movement, a fact now attributed to nerves. However, he speculated about the role of movement and was satisfied that he had found the answer of the center of vitality and energy. His pupil, Herophilus, actually discovered both sensory and motor nerves.

Praxagoras was interested in pulse and was the first to direct attention to the importance of arterial pulse in diagnosis. He insisted that arteries pulsed by themselves and were independent of the heart. Herophilus refuted this doctrine in his treatise "On Pulses." In another area, Galen criticized Praxagoras for displaying too little care in anatomy. He suggested that Praxagoras did not arrive at his theories by dissection.

The beliefs of Praxagoras held sway for centuries. For example, for nearly 500 years after his death, many still believed that arteries did not contain blood but pneuma. His most famous pupil, Herophilus, was instrumental in establishing the marvelous medical establishment at Alexandria.

See also
 Galen
 Hippocrates
 William Harvey
 Marcello Malpighi

References

Vivian Nutton, "Ancient Medicine" New York:  Routledge, 2004.

External links
 Ancient Greek Medicine

4th-century BC Greek physicians
Ancient Koans
Year of death unknown
340s BC births

Praxagoras


A mockumentary is a movie that pretends to be a documentary.  It pretends to tell a true story, but is really a work of fiction.  The word is a combination (a portmanteau word) of "mock" (meaning fake or false) and "documentary".

Other websites
  Websters Dictionary definition
 Lists of Mockumentary at UC Berkeley Mockumentary Collection
 Mockumentary - Reflexivity, satire and a call to play

Documentary movies

Mockumentary


Mean kinetic temperature (MKT) is a simplified way of expressing the overall effect of temperature fluctuations during storage or transit of perishable goods. The MKT is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

The mean kinetic temperature can be expressed as:

Where:

  is the mean kinetic temperature in kelvins
  is the activation energy (in kJ mol−1)
  is the gas constant (in J mol−1 K−1)
  to  are the temperatures at each of the sample points in kelvins
  to  are time intervals at each of the sample points

When the temperature readings are taken at the same interval (i.e.,  =  =  = ), the above equation is reduced to:

Where:
  is the number of temperature sample points

Temperature
Pharmaceutical industry

Mean kinetic temperature


is a Fasnacht tradition of Liestal, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland.

On the Sunday night after Ash Wednesday, the night before the Morgestraich in Basel city, a procession begins of people carrying burning bundles of pinewood chips (called , the Alemannic German for "pinewood besom") through the medieval town center along the Rathausstrasse, entering through the city gate from the south. In more recent decades the Chienbäse have been augmented with carts carrying bonfires, with flames often reaching as high as the houses. The parade is attended by thousands of spectators from Switzerland as well as from countries around the globe, closely packed on either side of the small street.

The origins of the custom are open to speculation. Often identified as a "pagan spring ritual" due to the archaic qualities of the fire spectacle, the earliest report of a procession of torch bearers dates to 1869. A tradition of bonfires before Lent has a longer history of attestation, dating from at least the 16th century.

References

External links

Chienbäse Society Website (German)
How they melt away winter at Liestal's Chienbäse Festival (English)

Carnivals in Switzerland
Swiss folklore
Liestal

Chienbäse


Terence Cooper (5 July 1933 – 16 September 1997) was a British film actor, best known for his roles in Australian and New Zealand television and film.

Biography

Born in 1933 at Carnmoney, a district of the modern-day borough of Newtownabbey in Northern Ireland, he became a stage actor and appeared in ITC British television series such as The Buccaneers and The Adventures of William Tell.

Cooper is most famous for appearing in the 1967 film, Casino Royale, a James Bond satire based on Ian Fleming's first Bond novel of the same name. Producer Charles K. Feldman kept him on a contract for two years before the film was made. He also claimed to be a candidate for the role of Bond in a Kevin McClory version of the movie series that predated Eon Productions series.

In New Zealand he starred in many New Zealand TV series such as Hunter's Gold (1977), an episode of Ngaio Marsh Theatre (1977), Gather Your Dreams (1978), Children of Fire Mountain (1979), Jack Holborn (1982) and Mortimer's Patch (1982). He played the part of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's bombastic character 'Professor George Edward Challenger' in a 1982 New Zealand radio dramatisation of Doyle's novel "The Lost World" (produced by Peggy Wells and Barry Campbell).

In Australia, he appeared in guest roles in local drama series including Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police, and Rafferty's Rules, with a regular role as Inspector Leo Vincetti in Bony (1992).

He was also famed as a water colour artist. He retired in Far North Queensland, Australia where he painted a collection of water colours depicting Australian tropical rain forests and birdlife.

Perhaps one of Cooper's lesser known achievements was his 1982 publication, Trouper Cooper's Curry Cookbook (William Collins Publishers, Auckland 1982). At the time, Cooper ran a successful Curry restaurant in Auckland, New Zealand, Trouper Cooper's Curry House. He also wrote The Parnell Cookbook,

Partial filmography

The Square Peg (1958) – Paratrooper (uncredited)
Oh... Rosalinda!! (1955) – Gentleman
Top Floor Girl (1959) – (uncredited)
No Safety Ahead (1959) – (uncredited)
Calculated Risk (1963) – Nodge
Man in the Middle (1964) – Maj. Clement
Walk a Tightrope (1964) – Jason Shepperd
Casino Royale (1967) – Cooper (James Bond 007)
Beyond Reasonable Doubt (1980) – Paul Temin
Jack Holborn (1982) – Morris
Trespasses (1984) – Doug Mortimer
Heart of the Stag (1984) – Robert Jackson
Pallet on the Floor (1984) – Brendon O'Keefe
Should I Be Good? (1985) – Frank Lauber
Syliva (1985) – Inspector Bletcher
Kingpin (1985) – Dave Adams
Hot Target (1985) – Carmichael
Lie of the Land (1985) – Clifford
Hot Pursuit (1987) – Captain Andrew
No Way Out (1987) – N.Z. Ambassador
Defense Play (1988) – Professor Vandemeer
The Shrimp on the Barbie (1990) – Sir Ian Hobart
The Grasscutter (1990) – Jack Macready
Old Scores (1991) – Eric Hogg
Fatal Past (1994) – David Preston
Hell's Belles (1995) – (final film role)

Notes

External links

1933 births
1997 deaths
Male actors from County Antrim
Male film actors from Northern Ireland
20th-century male actors from Northern Ireland
People from Newtownabbey

Terence Cooper


The "William Tell Overture" is a piece of music by Gioachino  Rossini. He wrote it for his opera, William Tell. The opera was first performed in 1829.

The overture has four sections:
 Dawn;
 Storm;
 Call to the Cows; often used in animated cartoons to signify daybreak
 March of the Swiss Soldiers; famous for being the theme music for the The Lone Ranger.

Compositions by Gioachino Rossini
Overtures

William Tell Overture


Ing Anuppur balen ya king dake nang pangulu-aslagan (northeastern) ning estado ning Madhya Pradesh king kalibudtang (central) India. Sentru neng kapanibalan ning Anuppur District. Sadia, kayabe ya king Shahdol district.

Dalerayan

Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh

Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, District Anuppur(Central University)

An Act was passed in Indian parliament which was published in the Gazette of India, Part II, section I, on 20 December 2007 by the virtue of which Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Act, 52, 2007. The then M.H.R.D. minister, Shri Arjun Singh laid the foundation stone on 19 April 2008 at Amarkantak. The government of India 7 July 2008, circulated the order of appointment of the founder vice-chancellor of the university. In compliance of this order, Prof. Chandra Deo Singh took the post on 08.07.2008. It is fully granted by the government of India, through University Grant Commission. Different from other universities, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak will have its regional campuses in tribal-dominated states. These campuses will be in tribal areas so that tribal students can have easy access to higher education and promote themselves and their interests so that they can occupy a remarkable place in the mainstream of society. The regional campuses will preserve the tribal art, culture, and traditional medicinal knowledge of the tribes and have been entrusted with the task of using it for the benefit of all.Writing by Dr.Mohan Lal chadhar, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, District Anuppur (M.P.)484886 The tribal people are rich in cultural heritage and skill of art and craft, but they are marginalised in respect to higher education as well as in other walks of life. Now in the present age of globalisation the world has shrunk into a village as the society has advanced in technology. But the tribes, who are the custodians of Indian culture in a real sense, are far behind in this race of advancement. To rescue them from the present plight, the university has put before itself the following aims and objectives: To provide avenues of education, especially higher education and research facilities primarily for the tribal population of India. To disseminate and advance knowledge by providing instructional and research facilities in tribal art, tradition, culture, language, medicinal systems, customs, forest based economic activities, flora, fauna and advancement in technologies relating to the natural resources of the tribal areas. To collaborate with national and international universities and organisations, especially for undertaking cultural studies and research on tribal communities. To formulate tribal centric development models, publish reports and monographs and to organised conferences and seminars on issues relating to tribes and to provide inputs to policy matters in different spheres. To take appropriate measures for promoting the members of tribal communities capable of managing, administering and looking after their own needs by access to higher education through a university of their own. To disseminate and advance knowledge by providing instructional and research facilities in such other branches of learning as it may deem fit. To take appropriate measures for promoting innovations in teaching learning process in inter-disciplinary studies and researches and to pay special attention to the improvement of social, educational and economic conditions and welfare of the scheduled tribes within the Union of India. In view of the aims and objectives the major thrust will be on providing more opportunity for the tribes. However, the university is open to all. Officers of the university are Visitor Shri Pranab Mukherjee, His Excellency, President of India; chancellor Shri S.M. Jharwal (I.E.S. retd.); vice-chancellor Prof. C.D. Singh;

University Faculty 1. Faculty of Computronics 2. Faculty of Commerce and Management 3. Faculty of Law 4. Faculty of Pharmacy 5. Faculty of Science 6. Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication 7. Faculty of Social Science 8. Faculty of Tribal Studies 9. Faculty of Humanities and Philology 10. Faculty of Education University Existing Departments Faculty of Social Sciences 1.Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology 2.Department of Economics 3.Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology 4.Department of Geography and Regional Development 5.Department of History 6.Department of Political Science & Human Rights Faculty of Sciences 1. Department of Biotechnology 2. Department of Botany. 3.Department of Zoology 4.Department of Chemistry 6.Department of Environment Science Faculty of Computerronics Department of Computer Science Faculty of Commerce and Management 1.Department of Commerce 2.Department of Business Management 3.Department of Tourism, Hospitality and Hotel Management Faculty of Humanities and Philology 1.Department of English and Foreign Languages 2.Department of Philosophy 3.Department of Applied Psychology Faculty of Tribal Studies 1. Department of Folk History, Museology and Traditional Medicine 2. Department of Tribal Art, Folk Literature and Culture Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication 1.Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
Departments for Next Session 1. Department of Education. 2. Department of Forest Management 3. Department of Geology and Mineralogy 4. Department of Home Science and Nutrition 5. Department of Information Technology. 6. Department of Law ( Five Years Integrated Course) 7. Department of Mathematics and Statistics. 8. Department of Meteorology. 9. Department of Pharmacy (D.Pharma and B. Pharma) 10. Department of Physics. 11. Department of Physical Education 12. Department of Social Work 13. Department of Tribal Languages and Comparative linguistics.

Anuppur


Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror is a 1998 American supernatural slasher film written and directed by Ethan Wiley. It stars Stacy Galina, Alexis Arquette, Adam Wylie, Eva Mendes, and Ahmet Zappa. It is the fifth installment of the Children of the Corn series. The leader of the cult in this installment, Ezeekial, is possessed by the enigmatic demon, "He Who Walks Behind the Rows".  It was released straight-to-video by Dimension Home Video on June 21, 1998.

The film was followed by a sequel, titled Children of the Corn 666: Isaac's Return (1999).

Plot
A group of teenagers become lost in middle America and arrive in Divinity Falls, where forgotten children have taken on the duty of serving "He Who Walks Behind the Rows". The teenagers have less than a week to get out of the town. However, they find that their car is destroyed, and the children are held accountable. Allison, the leader of the teenagers, overhears that the children are the adopted wards of Luke Enright, a madman who considers himself the savior of the children, and the earthly representative of He Who Walks Behind The Rows. Upon remembering that her brother is also among them, Allison and the rest decide to go to Enright's farm to discover the truth behind the bizarre cult.

Upon arrival, they are stopped by Ezeekial, who could be considered the leader of the children, and he informs them they are on private property and must leave. After a debate, Allison is finally allowed to see Luke. He informs her that her brother is there, and agrees to let her see him, only to be rejected by him for leaving him alone with their abusive father. Jacob informs her that he is engaged to be married to a girl named Lily, and also states that she is pregnant with his child. Meanwhile, the rest of Allison's group are kept outside, where the men are intimidated by a physically-powerful and exceptionally-tall teen named Jared.

Ezeekial holds a ceremony for the annual sacrifice to He Who Walks Behind the Rows, which involves a child who has reached 18 years of age to leap into a flaming corn silo where the god is supposed to dwell. Jacob is chosen, but he refuses and tells Ezeekiel that his religion is false, angering him. Kir, one of the "outsiders", agrees to become a part of the cult after reading a part of their "Bible" earlier. After Jacob attempts to leave, Kir chooses to take the fateful course, and climbs to the silo and leaps to a fiery demise. The rest of the group wishes to leave the town, but Allison refuses to leave without Jacob. They leave her, and she eventually reads a message Jacob left her in his Bible. It translates to "Help", and she realizes he wants to escape. She enlists the help of the sheriff to stop Luke and Ezeekial.

Greg, who has developed a crush on Allison, chooses to go back and help her and the rest decide to go as well. Allison, with the aid of the sheriff and the fire department, attempt to stop the silo and arrest Luke. While trying to extinguish the silo, the flames come alive and kill the two fire fighters and Luke kills the sheriff and apparently himself after his head splits open and a burst of flame shoots through. Ezeekial reveals that Luke had been dead for years, and he is the children's true leader. After killing two of the deranged kids, Allison meets her friends, and an all-out battle erupts between them and the kids ending with the deaths of everyone except Allison. Allison eventually finds her brother, and before dying he tells her how to stop the corn god. Ezeekial tries to kill Allison, but after a struggle she sends him falling into the silo to a violent, fiery death. She then dumps fertilizer into the silo, killing the corn god in multiple explosions.

Allison then goes to Lily's house. Lily's parents tell Allison that Lily isn't ready to raise a baby because she is a baby herself. Lily tells Allison that it's for the best that she adopts her baby. As the film ends, the baby is seen being comforted by song, as the green-orange light of the silo fire is shown burning in his eyes.

Cast
Stacy Galina as Alison
Alexis Arquette as Greg
Eva Mendes as Kir
Greg Vaughan as Tyrus
Angela Jones as Charlotte
Ahmet Zappa as Lazlo
Fred Williamson as Sheriff Skaggs
Davino Buzzotta as Jacob
Olivia Burnette as Lily
Adam Wylie as  Ezeekiel
David Carradine as Luke
Aaron Jackson as Zane
Matthew Tait as Jared
Kane Hodder as a bartender

Production
The film began development under the title Fields of Screams, but according to director and writer Ethan Wiley, Miramax wanted to change the title to avoid brand confusion with Dimension Films's Scream series. As the prior Children of the Corn films didn't have much continuity and only the loosest of connections to each other, Wiley described the process of going back to the original short story and combining it with Wiley's fascination with cults and how they function and operate, as he felt that was an area not necessarily explored by prior entries.

Principal photography took place in July 1997, in Oxnard and Camarillo, California.

Release

Home media
The film, like its last two predecessors, did not receive a theatrical release but instead went straight-to-video on June 21, 1998 in VHS and DVD formats.

The film debuted on the Blu-ray format for the first time on May 15, 2011 via Echo Bridge Entertainment. It was included in a double feature with its sequel Children of the Corn 666: Isaac's Return (1999), also making its Blu-ray debut.

Reception
Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror holds a 14% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on seven reviews.

See also
 Children of the Corn (film series)
 List of adaptations of works by Stephen King

References

External links
  at Blue Rider Pictures

1998 direct-to-video films
1998 horror films
Children of Corn 5
1990s supernatural horror films
American slasher films
Children of the Corn
Miramax films
Dimension Films films
Direct-to-video horror films
Direct-to-video sequel films
1990s English-language films
Films about cults
Films about religion
Films directed by Ethan Wiley
Films set in Nebraska
1998 films
Films with screenplays by Ethan Wiley
1990s American films


was a river gunboat of the Imperial Japanese Navy,  that operated on the Yangtze River and in coastal waters of China during the 1930s, and during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

Background
Saga was constructed due to dissatisfaction by the Imperial Japanese Navy with the gunboat , which was underarmed, and lacked the suitable accommodations to serve as a gunboat flagship. The Japanese Navy also wanted a vessel which could serve for both coastal patrol duties as well as on inland waterways.
Saga was laid down at Sasebo Naval Arsenal on 7 January 1912, launched on 27 September 1912 and entered service on 18 November 1912.

Design
The basic design of Saga was modeled after her British built predecessors, but with much larger dimensions and much more powerful engines. Saga had a hull with an overall length of  and width of , with a normal displacement of 780 tons and draft of . She was propelled by two reciprocating engines with two Kampon boilers driving three shafts, producing 1600 hp and a top speed of 15 knots.
The ship was initially armed with one 12 cm/45 10th Year Type naval gun  guns, three / 40 cal. guns and six 6.6mm machine guns.

Service record
During the World War I, Saga accompanied the main Japanese fleet to Shandong Province, China at the Siege of Tsingtao (25 September-16 November 1914) against the forces of Imperial Germany as part of Japanese' contribution to the Allied cause under the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Subsequently, she was transferred to the Japanese Second Fleet and assigned to patrols in the South China Sea.

In September 1924, Saga was reassigned to the Japanese First Fleet. Commander Chūichi Nagumo served as captain from 20 March 1926 to 15 October 1926. She was reassigned to the Japanese Third Fleet from June 1931, joining the 11th Sentai in October 1937 after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the start of hostilities in the Second Sino-Japanese War. From 15 December 1938 to 20 October 1939, she was captained by Commander Tamotsu Oishi. From November 1939, she was assigned to the Second China Expeditionary Fleet in southern China.
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Saga was based at Guangdong and was assigned to the Japanese invasion force for the Battle of Hong Kong, where she was based afterwards. She was sunk by a sea mine on 26 September 1944 off Hong Kong, and later refloated and towed back to Hong Kong for repairs. On 22 January 1945, while still in dock for repairs, she was destroyed during an air raid, probably by USAAF 14th Air Force Consolidated B-24 Liberators. She was struck from the navy list on 20 March 1945.

References

External links

  Monograph 144 Chapter II

Notes

Gunboats of the Imperial Japanese Navy
1912 ships
Ships built by Sasebo Naval Arsenal
Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan
Ships sunk by mines
Ships sunk by US aircraft
Maritime incidents in September 1944
Maritime incidents in January 1945

Japanese gunboat Saga


In finance, a synthetic position is a way to create the payoff of a financial instrument using other financial instruments.

A synthetic position can be created by buying or selling the underlying financial instruments and/or derivatives.

If several instruments which have the same payoff as investing in a share are bought, there is a synthetic underlying position. In a similar way, a synthetic option position can be created.

For example, a position which is long a 60-strike call and short a 60-strike put will always result in purchasing the underlying asset for 60 at exercise or expiration. If the underlying asset is above 60, the call is in the money and will be exercised; if the underlying asset is below 60 then the short put position will be assigned, resulting in a (forced) purchase of the underlying at 60.

One advantage of a synthetic position over buying or shorting the underlying stock is that there is no need to borrow the stock if selling it short. Another advantage is that one need not worry about dividend payments on the shorted stock (if any, declared by the underlying security).

When the underlying asset is a stock, a synthetic underlying position is sometimes called a synthetic stock.

Synthetic long put
The synthetic long put position consists of three elements: shorting one stock, holding one European call option and holding  dollars in a bank account.

(Here  is the strike price of the option, and  is the continuously compounded interest rate,  is the time to expiration and  is the spot price of the stock at option expiration.)

At expiry the stock has to be paid for, which gives a cashflow . The bank account will give a cashflow of  dollars. Moreover, the European call gives a cashflow of . The total cashflow is . The total cashflow at expiry is exactly the cashflow of a European put option.

References

Options (finance)
Derivatives (finance)

Synthetic position


Four Elms is a village within the civil parish of Hever in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The village is located on a crossroads between Edenbridge and Sevenoaks, two miles (3.2 km) northeast of the former place.

The church, part of a united benefice with Hever and Markbeech, is dedicated to St Paul.

The film sound recordist Peter Handford was born here.

External links

Parish Council
The three churches
Four Elms Village

Villages in Kent

Four Elms


Shelagh Armstrong (born 1961) is a Canadian illustrator, and was the recipient of the 1985 Will Davies award for excellence in illustration.

Life and career
Born in Owen Sound, Ontario, Armstrong is a graduate of the University of Toronto and Ontario College of Art. She holds degrees in Fine Arts and Communications and Design.

Launching her illustration career in the Canadian book industry, and working with publishing houses such as McClelland and Steward and McGraw-Hill, Armstrong's diverse artistic accomplishments also include book cover illustration for acclaimed authors as Alberto Manguel, Dionne Brand, Lillian Nattel and Shauna Singh Baldwin.

With her versatile artistic style, Armstrong's explored work as a courtroom illustrator, excelled at projects with retail fashion giants, and savoured engagements with top Canadian design firms. During her celebrated career, Armstrong's been commissioned for private portraits and proudly exhibits her work in private and university galleries, group and solo exhibits.

She has received commissions from Canada Post for two Canadian stamps - Royal Agricultural Winter Fair and Canada's International Year of the Older Persons. She was also commissioned by the Royal Canadian Mint to create various coins. Her first coin was the 1999 Special Edition Proof Silver Dollar for the International Year of the Older Persons. The coin supported Canada's concept of A Society for All Ages. In 2010, she created a coin for the XXI Olympic Winter Games held in Vancouver. She created a design named Athletes' Pride, struck on both a 2007 $25 Sterling Silver Hologram Coin and a 2007 $75 Gold Coloured Coin.

Armstrong currently resides in Toronto with husband, graphic designer Paul Hodgson and has a son named Caden who was born in April 2000.

Commercial portfolio
 Bicks Relish Packaging Illustration
 Body Shop Christmas Packaging Packaging Illustration
 Dairyland Plus Packaging Illustration
 Humber River Regional Hospital Nursing Campaign
 Kleenex Tissue Packaging Packaging Illustration
 Our Compliments Shredded Cheese Packaging Illustration
 Royal Winter Fair & Garden Show Advertising and Stamp Illustrations
 Santa Fe Flat Bread Packaging Illustration
 Sugar Twin Sweeteners Packaging Illustration
 Toronto Hydro Corporation Figure Illustration
 Weston Artisan Style Bread Packaging Illustration

Armstrong provided the art for a book written by David J. Smith titled If the World were a village: A book about the World's People (). The book was published in February, 2002 by Kids Can Press. This was Smith's first children's book. It went into paperback in 2003 and won various awards including:

 Premio H.C.Andersen Award in 2003 for the Italian Edition.
 International Reading Association Children's Book Award 2003
 IRA and Children's Book Council Children's Choice Book for 2003
 International Reading Association Teachers' Choice Book
 National Parenting Publications Awards—Gold Award Winner 2003
 Smithsonian Magazine "Notable Book of the Year"

Coin designs
Armstrong's first coin for the Royal Canadian Mint was in 1999. The artwork that she produced in 2007 was used for two Canadian Olympic coins.

Stamp designs
Armstrong has created two stamps for Canada Post. The first stamp was to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Toronto's Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, while her second stamp was for the United Nations' International Year of Older Persons.

Royal Winter Fair
In 1997, Canada Post celebrated the 75th anniversary of Toronto's Royal Agricultural Winter Fair - the world's largest indoor equestrian and agricultural competition - with a single, domestic-rate commemorative stamp.

Designed by Heather Lafleur of Gottschalk + Ash International with illustration by Shelagh Armstrong, the stamp features an array of livestock, produce, home-made goods and other farm-related wares presented against the backdrop of a packed arena at the Royal Horse Show, Canada's premier international indoor equestrian event.

International Year of Older Persons
The United Nations, of which Canada is one of the original member-states, has declared 1999 to be the "International Year of Older Persons" (IYOP).

With these transformations in mind, the UN chose "towards a society for All Ages" to serve as the theme for IYOP. Throughout the year, participating countries will foster awareness of seniors' roles in society and the need for intergenerational respect and support, emphasizing the fact that older persons are the repository of their societies' histories.

The stamp, designed by Paul Hodgson and Spencer Francey Peters, with illustration by Shelagh Armstrong, shows a metaphorical illustration of an older couple enjoying active experiences as they progress down the Road of Life. The trees that line this path symbolize the concept of passing time and aging, as young spring trees in the foreground give way to summer bloom and then autumn foliage on the horizon. The people are purposefully ambiguous to represent all humans and ethnic groups.

See also
 Royal Canadian Mint Olympic Coins

References

1961 births
Living people
University of Toronto alumni
People from Owen Sound
Canadian illustrators
Canadian women illustrators
Artists from Ontario
Canadian stamp designers
Women stamp designers
Canadian women painters
Courtroom sketch artists
Canadian currency designers
21st-century Canadian women artists
Canadian graphic designers
Canadian women graphic designers

Shelagh Armstrong