The Polish–Swedish War of 1621 to 1625 was a war in a long-running series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire. It began with a Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian fiefdom Livonia. Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege. The Commonwealth, focussed on war with the Ottoman Empire (such as the battles of Cecora and Chocim), was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf, and signed a truce favorable to Sweden. The Commonwealth ceded Livonia north of the Dvina (Düna) river, and retained only nominal control over Riga. The new truce in Mitau (Jelgava, Mitawa) was signed and lasted from November 1622 to March 1625.

Introduction
The Polish–Swedish War of 1617–18) showed that the Swedish Army, despite several reforms, was still unable to defeat the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Furthermore, King Gustav Adolf was still regarded in Europe as a usurper. To safeguard the Swedish crown for himself, Gustav Adolf decided to force Sigismund III Vasa to relinquish it. With help from Axel Oxenstierna, the Swedish king introduced a widespread program of military and social reforms, which resulted in creation of a well trained army, based on native recruits. These further reforms and the ongoing conflict between the Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (see Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)), offered Gustav Adolf a further chance to defeat the Commonwealth.

First phase (1621–22)
While the Polish–Lithuanian army was concentrated in Podolia, in the south of the Commonwealth, a Swedish army landed near Pärnu (today part of Estonia) on 19 August 1621. It was carried by a fleet of 148 vessels (25 warships, 3 pinnacles, 7 galleys, 7 smaller warships and 106 transport boats). Gustav Adolf had 14,700 infantry, 3,150 cavalry and 375 cannons. The Swedes immediately marched towards Riga, and started a siege on 29 August. The capital of Livonia was defended by a garrison of 300 soldiers, plus 3,700 armed residents. Lithuanian Field Hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł had only 1,500 soldiers at his disposal, as most units were in Podolia and Red Ruthenia.

Riga capitulated on 25 September, after three assaults. On 2 October the Swedes captured the fortress of Dunamunde. The invaders, marching through marshes and forests to avoid Lithuanian cavalry, entered the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, capturing its capital, Mitau without resistance. The Swedes then tried to capture the fortress of Koknese, but failed to do so, after a skirmish with Lithuanian cavalry of Aleksander Gosiewski.

In early January 1622, the Swedes captured Valmiera, together with several smaller Livonian castles. Meanwhile, the forces under Hetman Radziwiłł grew to 3,000, which enabled the Lithuanians to respond better to Swedish attacks. On 7 January Radziwiłł recaptured Mitau, but because of a lack of artillery, he failed to seize its castle, whose garrison did not capitulate until 6 July. A few weeks later, in late July 1622, main Swedish forces reached Mittau, and a prolonged battle ensued.

Since the battle turned into a stalemate, on 10 August 1622, both sides signed a truce, which in 1623 was prolonged until March 1625. During the negotiations, envoys of Gustav Adolf suggested a Swedish–Lithuanian union.

Truce
The Swedish eventually insisted on a truce due to financial problems of the Swedish Empire, as the costs of the war were too high for their treasury. Furthermore, in the autumn of 1621, the Polish–Ottoman War ended (see Battle of Khotyn (1621)), and the army of the Commonwealth was ready to march to Livonia. The truce, signed by the Lithuanians, enraged King Sigismund III Vasa, who planned to transfer all forces northwards, hoping that with the help of the Spanish Navy, he would be able to invade Sweden itself.

Polish nobility and leaders such as Krzysztof Radziwiłł and Krzysztof Zbaraski disagreed with the royal plans. They wanted the King to agree to Swedish terms, and to relinquish the Swedish throne in exchange for a permanent peace treaty and Livonia. Radziwiłł emphasized the fact that after the reforms, the Swedish army was difficult to defeat, and Poland–Lithuania also needed a major overhaul of its armed forces, especially the infantry and artillery. The Commonwealth also needed a strong navy and specialized units of engineers, trained in erection of field fortifications.

Regardless of the opinion of his generals, Sigismund III ordered construction of a fleet, which, with help from the Spanish Empire, was to transport the invading army to Sweden. In 1623, the Polish King met with the Starosta of Puck, Jan Wejher, telling him to build the fleet. However, from the very beginning, this was questioned by the powerful and semi-independent city of Gdańsk, whose government, under Swedish pressure, opposed the very idea of a Commonwealth fleet, and did not allow it to be anchored in its port. Under these circumstances, Sigismund III Wasa decided to expand the port and shipyard of Puck. In 1624–1626, seven medium size ships were built here, with tonnage ranging from 200 to 400 tons. They were manned mostly by local Kashubian fishermen, while marine infantry consisted of English mercenaries, employed by the Polish King since 1621. The biggest ship of the new fleet was the galleon Król Dawid commanded by James Murray.

Second phase (1625–26)
Before the end of the truce, Gustav Adolf initiated talks with the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire, hoping for a joint attack on Poland–Lithuania. Furthermore, he sent envoys to try to incite the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who were Polish subjects, to attack Turkey, and provoke another Polish–Ottoman war.

On 27 June 1625 Gustav Adolf landed in Livonia with an army of 20,000. The main Swedish corps of almost 10,000 marched upwards the Daugava River, and besieged Koknese, capturing it after sixteen days. On 27 August the Swedes captured Tartu, and soon afterwards, Mitau. In early September 1625, Swedish forces invaded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, capturing Biržai on 7 September. This success cut links between Polish–Lithuanian garrisons remaining in Livonia, and those stationed in Lithuania, as Sweden now controlled the line of the Daugava. Furthermore, on 27 September, Sweden captured the fortress of Bauska.

Swedish successes were possible also because of a bitter conflict between two powerful Lithuanian hetmans, Krzysztof Radziwiłł and Lew Sapieha. As a result, the armed forces of both leaders did not unite and operated separately, which put the Commonwealth at a disadvantage.

In October 1625 Radziwiłł retook several castles, while Sapieha fought off Swedish assault on Daugavpils. Radziwiłł then concentrated his forces in Courland, sending a few banners to harass Swedish units in Livonia. Meanwhile, Sapieha camped near Valle (Wallhof, southern Latvia), which lies halfway between Bauska and Koknese. Gustav Adolf was well aware of internal divisions among the Lithuanians, and decided to take advantage of it. On 13 January 1626 he concentrated his forces, and on 17 January 1626 the Battle of Wallhof took place, in which for the first time Swedish forces defeated the Commonwealth in open battle. At the Battle of Gniew, on 22 September and 29 September to 1 October 1626, the Swedish forces stopped three attacks by the hussars.

Aftermath
After this failure, the Lithuanians limited their activities to attacks on Swedish patrols. Gustav Adolf, on the other hand, was content with the performance of his army, and decided to transfer the war to Royal Prussia (see Polish–Swedish War (1626–29)). During that period, the Battle of Dirschau (17-18 August 1627), the hussars were driven from the field by the Swedish cavalry. The Swedes were victorious again at Górzno on 4 February 1629.

References

Further reading
 Mała Encyklopedia Wojskowa, 1967, Wydanie I
 Leszek Podhorodecki, Rapier i koncerz, Warszawa 1985,
 Leszek Podhorodecki, Wazowie w Polsce, Warszawa 1985,
 Paweł Jasienica, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów. Srebrny Wiek, Warszawa 1982,

External links
 Swedish–Polish War, 1620–1629

1620s conflicts
Wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Wars involving Sweden
Lithuania–Sweden relations
Poland–Sweden relations
Warfare of the early modern period
17th century in Sweden
1620s in Sweden
17th century in Latvia
17th century in Estonia
1620s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)


Merriman Colbert Harris (July 9, 1846 – May 8, 1921) was a Missionary Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1904, who was active in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Japan.

Birth and family
Merriman was born July 9, 1846, in Beallsville, Ohio, the son of Colbert and Catherine Elizabeth (Crupper) Harris.  Merriman married Flora L. Best October 23, 1873, in Meadville, Pennsylvania.  They had two daughters, Florence and Elizabeth.

Military service and education
Merriman served for three years as a soldier in the 12th Ohio Cavalry in the American Civil War (1863–65), attaining the rank of corporal. Following the end of the war, he attended the Washington Academy in Ohio, and the Harlem Springs Seminary.  He then attended Scio College, earning the B.A. degree (1873) and the M.A. degree (1877) from Allegheny College.

Ordained ministry and missionary service
Merriman entered the ministry of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1869, serving as a pastor and a missionary.  He was sent to Japan in 1873 and was stationed at Hakodate on the northern island of Hokkaido. During his first stay in Japan, his converts included Kanzo Uchimura, Inazo Nitobe, and Akira Sato.

He left Japan in 1892, and established Japanese missions on the Pacific Coast of the United States and in Hawaii in areas with large numbers of Japanese emigrants.  He became the Superintendent of Japanese missions in San Francisco, California, in 1886.  He also served as Superintendent of all Pacific Coast Methodist Japanese missions, including the Hawaiian Islands, in 1890.  During this period, Yosuke Matsuoka was one of his converts.

Episcopal ministry
Merriman Colbert Harris was elected a Missionary Bishop by the 1904 General Conference of the M.E. Church.  He was assigned Korea and Japan, where he remained until his death. As a Missionary Bishop he served with distinction.  He was twice decorated with the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the Emperor of Japan.

In 1919, ten years after the death of his first wife, Flora, he remarried his late wife's first cousin, Elizabeth Best, and lived within the grounds of Aoyama Gakuin, in a home given to him by his Japanese converts. He died May 8, 1921, in Aoyama, Tokyo and his grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery.

Selected writings
Address:  Japanese Buddhism, San Francisco, 1887.  Typed, in Methodist Bishops' Collection.
Christianity in Japan, 1907.
Save Korea, Quarterly-Centennial Documents, 1910.
Contributor, Japan Proverbs.
Statement in Competent Witnesses on Korea as a Mission Field, Korea Documents, with others.

See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

References
 Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
 Methodism: Ohio Area (1812–1962), edited by John M. Versteeg, Litt.D., D.D. (Ohio Area Sesquicentennial Committee, 1962).
 Price, Carl F., Compiler and Editor:  Who's Who in American Methodism, New York:  E.B. Treat & Co., 1916.
 The National Cyclopædia of American Biography, Volume XIV. New York, James T. White & Company, 1910.
 The Philadelphia Inquirer, "Bishop Harris, 73, Weds:  M. E. Missionary Weds Late Wife's Cousin; Bride, 53, Is Old Friend," Philadelphia, Nov. 13, 1919.

Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Union Army soldiers
People from Beallsville, Ohio
1846 births
1921 deaths
Methodist writers
Methodist missionaries in Japan
American Methodist missionaries
Methodist missionaries in Hawaii
American expatriates in Japan
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
Burials in Japan

Merriman Colbert Harris


The Queen's Book of the Red Cross was published in November 1939 in a fundraising effort to aid the Red Cross during World War II. The book was sponsored by Queen Elizabeth, and its contents were contributed by fifty British authors and artists.

List of authors and artists

Authors
A. E. W. Mason, "The Conjurer", a story
Hugh Walpole, "The Church in the Snow", a story
John Masefield, "Red Cross", a poem
Ian Hay, "The Man who had Something Against Him"
Charles Morgan, "Creative Imagination", an essay
D. L. Murray, "Only a Sojer!", a story
T. S. Eliot, "The Marching Song of the Pollicle Dogs", a poem
T. S. Eliot, "Billy M'Caw: The Remarkable Parrot", a poem
H. M. Tomlinson, "Ports of Call", a story
A. A. Milne, "The General Takes Off His Helmet", a play
Cecil Roberts, "Down Ferry Lane"
E. M. Delafield, "The Provincial Lady in War-time", a story
Cedric Hardwicke, "One Man in His Time Plays Many Parts"
Daphne du Maurier, "The Escort", a story
Ann Bridge, "Looking Back on May the Sixth, 1935"
Jan Struther, "Mrs. Miniver makes a List", a story
Eric Ambler, "The Army of Shadows", a story
Howard Marshall, "The Fisherman's England"
Humfrey Jordan, "The Boatswain Yawned", a story
Alfred Noyes, "A Child's Gallop", a poem
Alfred Noyes, "The Stranger", a poem
O. Douglas, "Such an Odd War!", a story
Howard Spring, "Christmas Honeymoon", a story
Dorothy Whipple, "No Robbery", a story
Lord Mottistone, "Tell Them, Warrior"
L. A. G. Strong, "A Gift from Christy Keogh", a story
Walter de la Mare, "And So To Bed", a poem
Walter de la Mare, "Joy", a poem
Denis Mackail, "It's the Thought that Counts", a story
Gracie Fields, "On Getting Better"
C. H. Middleton, "Keep That Garden Going"
Georgette Heyer, "Pursuit", a story
Edith Evans, "The Patriotism of Shakespeare", an essay
H. C. Bailey, "The Thistle Down", a story
C. Day-Lewis, "Orpheus and Eurydice", a translation from Virgil's "Georgics"
Ruby Ferguson, "Mrs. Memmary's Visitors", a story
J. B. Morton, "A Love Song"
Frank Smythe, "The Crag"
Mary Thomas, "Our Knitting Forces"
Collie Knox, "This Flag Still Flies Over All Mankind", homage to the Red Cross

Artists
Cecil Beaton, a photograph of the Queen
William Russell Flint, The Words of His Majesty the King, a picture
Edmund Dulac, a picture
Frank Brangwyn, a picture
J. Morton Sale, The Red Cross of Comfort, a picture
Edmund Blampied, The Symbol, a picture
Dame Laura Knight, Hop Pickers, a picture
Bip Pares, a picture
Arthur Wragg, a picture
Norman Wilkinson, a picture
Rex Whistler, In the Wilderness, a picture
Mabel Lucie Attwell, a picture
Ivor Novello, We'll Remember, a manuscript of a war song

Bibliographic information

1939 books
British books
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1939 in the United Kingdom
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The Queen's Book of the Red Cross


James Rogers Armstrong (April 17, 1787 – July 13, 1873) was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Dorchester (Iberville) in Quebec in 1787, he was a grandson of Loyalist, Col. James Rogers and studied in Vermont after both his parents died during the early 1790s. He settled in Hallowell Township in Prince Edward County in Upper Canada in 1807. He later went into business as a merchant in Picton and Kingston and, in 1828, opened a store in York (Toronto). In 1836, he was elected to the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada representing Prince Edward. He was appointed a justice of the peace in the Home District in 1837. In the 1840s, he opened a foundry which manufactured stoves. His son, also named James Rogers Armstrong, took over the family business in 1856, when his father retired to Whitby. James Senior died in Whitby in 1873.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1787 births
1873 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Canadian justices of the peace

James Rogers Armstrong


MathWorld is an online mathematics reference work, created and largely written by Eric W. Weisstein. It is sponsored by and licensed to Wolfram Research, Inc. and was partially funded by the National Science Foundation's National Science Digital Library grant to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

History
Eric W. Weisstein, the creator of the site, was a physics and astronomy student who got into the habit of writing notes on his mathematical readings.  In 1995 he put his notes online and called it "Eric's Treasure Trove of Mathematics." It contained hundreds of pages/articles, covering a wide range of mathematical topics. The site became popular as an extensive single resource on mathematics on the web. In 1998, he made a contract with CRC Press and the contents of the site were published in print and CD-ROM form, titled "CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics." The free online version became only partially accessible to the public. In 1999 Weisstein went to work for Wolfram Research, Inc. (WRI), and WRI renamed the Math Treasure Trove to MathWorld and hosted it on the company's website without access restrictions.

CRC lawsuit
In 2000, CRC Press sued Wolfram Research Inc. (WRI), WRI president Stephen Wolfram, and author Eric W. Weisstein, due to what they considered a breach of contract: that the MathWorld content was to remain in print only. The site was taken down by a court injunction.

The case was later settled out of court, with WRI paying an unspecified amount and complying with other stipulations.  Among these stipulations is the inclusion of a copyright notice at the bottom of the website and broad rights for the CRC Press to produce MathWorld in printed book form. The site then became once again available free to the public.

This case made a wave of headlines in online publishing circles. The PlanetMath project was a result of MathWorld's being unavailable.

See also
List of online encyclopedias
Mathematica

References

External links

Mathematics websites
American educational websites
American online encyclopedias
Mathworld
Encyclopedias of mathematics

MathWorld


The Thames Embankment is a work of 19th-century civil engineering that reclaimed marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. It consists of the Victoria Embankment and Chelsea Embankment.

History
There had been a long history of failed proposals to embank the Thames in central London. Embankments along the Thames were first proposed by Christopher Wren in the 1660s, then in 1824 former soldier and aide to George IV, Sir Frederick Trench suggested an embankment known as 'Trench's Terrace' from Blackfriars to Charing Cross. Trench brought a bill to Parliament which was blocked by river interests.

In the 1830s, the painter John Martin promoted a version, as realised later, to contain an intercepting sewer. In January 1842 the City Corporation backed a plan designed by James Walker but which was dropped due to government infighting. The government itself built the Chelsea Embankment in 1854 from Chelsea Hospital to Millbank.

Started in 1862, the Victoria Embankment starting from Millbank on the main, north (or "left" bank) was primarily designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette with architectural work on the embankment wall and river stairs by Charles Henry Driver. It incorporates the main low level interceptor sewer from the then limits of west London's growth, and an underground railway over which a wide road and riverside walkway were built and run today, shored up by the sturdy retaining wall along the tidal River Thames (the Tideway). In total, Bazalgette's scheme reclaimed  of land from the river. It prevented flooding, such as around what had been the remnants of Thorney Island, much of which was owned by the Duke of Westminster. Those waterfront hotels, supply warehouses and genteel "town houses" which had boat access by inlets and watergates lost this.

Much of the granite used in the projects was brought from Lamorna Cove in Cornwall. The quarried stone was shaped into blocks on site before being loaded on to barges and transported up the English Channel into the Thames.

From Battersea Bridge in the west, it includes Cheyne Walk, Chelsea Embankment, Grosvenor Road, Millbank and Victoria Tower Gardens.

Beyond the Houses of Parliament, it is named Victoria Embankment as it stretches to Blackfriars Bridge; this stretch incorporates part of the shared District/Circle Line bi-directional tunnel of the London Underground and passes Shell Mex House and the Savoy Hotel.  It likewise incorporates gardens and open space, here at their greatest, and collectively known as the Embankment Gardens, which provide a peaceful oasis in the heart of Central London.  The gardens include many statues, including a memorial with a bust of Bazalgette.

The smaller and shorter Albert Embankment is on the south side of the river, opposite the Millbank section of the Thames Embankment. It was created by Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works and built by William Webster between July 1866 and November 1869.

Some parts of the Embankment were rebuilt in the 20th century due to wartime bomb damage or natural disasters such as the 1928 Thames flood.

The Thames and Albert embankments are but a fraction of the 200 miles of walls that prevent the Thames from flooding adjoining lands, and which were begun in the Middle Ages.

See also
 Esplanade/promenade
 London sewerage system
Combined sewers
Thames Tideway Scheme
 District line (London Underground)
 Former subterranean rivers of London
W.T. Stead

References

External links

Streets in the City of Westminster
Streets in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Buildings and structures in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
London water infrastructure
Infrastructure in London
Waterfronts
Embankment
Victoria Embankment

Thames Embankment


The bowed psaltery is a type of psaltery or zither that is played with a bow. In contrast with the centuries-old plucked psaltery, the bowed psaltery appears to be a 20th-century invention.

History

Violin zither

In 1925, a German patent was issued to the Clemens Neuber Company for a bowed psaltery which also included a set of strings arranged in chords, so that one could play the melody on the bowed psaltery strings, and strum the accompaniment with the other hand. These are usually called "violin zithers".

Ukelin-type instruments

Similar instruments were being produced by American companies of the same time period, often with Hawaiian-inspired names, such as Hawaiian Art Violin or Violin-Uke, and marketed for use in playing the Hawaiian music, which was popular in the United States in the 1920s.  These instruments are not typically referred to as psalteries, but by the various trade names they were sold under, such as Ukelin.

The conventional bowed psaltery
Today, the bowed psaltery is most often produced without chord accompaniment strings (though some modern players retune the chromatic side to produce chords, and play it in the manner of the violin zither).

After the Second World War, Walter Mittman, a primary school teacher in Westphalia, popularized the conventional triangular bowed psaltery, which had earlier been advocated for use in education by the German Edgar Stahmer (1911–1996).

Description

The conventional bowed psaltery is triangular, allowing each string to extend a little farther than the one before it, so that each can be individually bowed. Chromatic bowed psalteries have the sharps and flats on one side and the diatonic notes on the opposite.

It is a psaltery in the traditional sense of a wooden sound box with unstopped strings over the soundboard.  It significantly differs from the Medieval plucked psaltery only in that its strings are arranged to permit bowing.  The soundboard has a sound hole or rose in the center.  In the United States, it is normally played with a small bow, often made in the earlier semicircular style, whereas in Europe a reduced-size modern violin bow is used.

Method of playing
Performance styles vary, but the instrument may be played either one note at a time, with the instrument held with one hand and bowed with the other, as in instruments of the violin family, or it may be laid down and played with a bow in each hand, in a style reminiscent of the closely related hammered dulcimer. Some players will also hold two bows in one hand to facilitate double-stopping.

Other than bowing, the instrument may also be strummed or struck for additional tone colors.  The strings are often too closely spaced for conventional finger picking, but may be plucked at the bowing end.

See also
Alexander violin
Streichmelodion

External links
 Video "Introduction to the Bowed Psaltery" by James Jones
Psaltery Strings Online community of bowed psaltery players featuring photos, videos, listings and discussion forums.
Build A Bowed Psaltery – online construction plans.
A Psimple Psaltery Building a bowed psaltery from start to finish.
Fretless Zithers: Bowed Instruments Online collection of early to mid-20th-century American bowed psaltery variants.
Ukelin.com a site covering early 20th-century American bowed psalteries
Ringing Strings Bowed Psalteries Basic Instruction on how to play the bowed psaltery with video examples.
free plans for a Diatonic Bowed Psaltery Online plans.
Learn to play Learn to play.

Bowed instruments
Composite chordophones
Bowed box zithers

Bowed psaltery


A religious denomination (also simply denomination) is a subgroup within a religion that has a common name, tradition, and identity.

The term is often used for several Christian denominations including Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and the many sorts of Protestantism like Baptist, Methodist, Episcopalian and Pentecostal.

It is also used for the four branches of Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist), and for the main branches of Islam (Sunnism and Shi'ism, Quranism, Ibadism, Sufism, Muwahhidism).

In Hinduism the major deity or philosophical belief functions as the identifier of a denomination and typically each has distinct cultural and religious practices. The major denominations include Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smartism, and Halumatha.

Related pages
 Sect
 Cult
 Religion
 Christian denomination
 Full communion
 Schism (religion)

References

Religious denomination


The Congress of Kraków (Polish: Zjazd krakowski) was a meeting of monarchs initiated by King Casimir III the Great of Poland and held in Kraków (Cracow) around September 22–27, 1364. The pretext for calling the meeting was very likely a proposed anti-Ottoman crusade, but the Congress was actually concerned mostly with European diplomacy issues, of which preeminent were peaceful relations and the balance of power in central Europe and negotiating a common response to the Turkish threat through the project of a central European league of states.

The participants, who were guests of the Polish king, were Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King Louis I of Hungary, King Valdemar IV of Denmark, King Peter I of Cyprus, Siemowit III of Masovia, Bolko II of Świdnica, Władysław Opolczyk, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania, Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania, Otto V, Duke of Bavaria and Louis VI the Roman.

The Congress, which took place in lavish surroundings, was intended as a manifestation of the Polish king's power and wealth and echoed throughout Europe. It included a famous banquet at the house of the Kraków merchant Mikołaj Wierzynek, which was organised by the city council. The occasion for the feast, which, according to Jan Długosz, lasted for 21 days, was the recent wedding of Charles IV and Casimir's granddaughter Elizabeth of Pomerania.

The several medieval sources available do not always agree on the timing and other issues. Possibly, there were two separate congresses, one in 1363 that had to do with the marriage and another in 1364 that was the more political congregation of the monarchs. In 1364, among the issues discussed were the Angevin succession to the Polish throne and the ratification of the peace treaty involving Louis I and Charles IV among others that was arbitrated by Casimir III and Bolko II. An important source is a poem of Guillaume de Machaut, who described the banquet in Wierzynek's house

References

History of Kraków
Krakow
1364 in Europe
14th century in Poland
Casimir III the Great

Congress of Kraków


Yuri Rasovsky (July 29, 1944 – January 18, 2012) was an American writer and producer working in radio drama in the United States.

He founded and operated The National Radio Theater of Chicago from 1973 to 1986 and later formed the Hollywood Theater of the Ear (since 1993). In the 1990s, he forsook radio for audiobooks. Many of his radio plays have been published as commercial recordings or as Internet downloads. His new plays are being released by Blackstone Audio. He died in 2012 of esophageal cancer.

Major works
Rasovsky wrote, directed, or produced more than 150 audio plays.  Notable examples include:
 The Chicago Language Tape. WFMT. 1972.
 The Odyssey of Homer. National Radio Theatre of Chicago. 1980. Winner of a George Foster Peabody Award.
 By His Bootstraps. Pacifica Foundation. 1984. Mark Time's Science Fiction Audio Hall of Fame.
 Craven Street. American Dialogues Radio. 1993.
 The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Based on the silent film. Hollywood Theater of the Ear. Revised 1998.
 2000X: Tales of the Next Millennium (series of 26 one-hr programs). NPR, Hollywood Theater of the Ear. 1999–2000. Winner of a Bradbury Award.
 Sweeney Todd and The String of Pearls. Blackstone Audio, Hollywood Theater of the Ear. 2007. Winner of three 2008 Audie Awards: Best Audio Drama, Best Audiobook Original and Distinguished Achievement in Production.
 The Maltese Falcon, with Michael Madsen, Sandra Oh, Edward Herrmann. Blackstone Audio, Hollywood Theater of the Ear. 2008. Grammy nominated. Winner Audie Award: Best Adaptation.
 Saint Joan, with Amy Irving, Edward Herrmann, Kristoffer Tabori, Gregory Itzin, Armin Shimerman, Granville Van Dusen, et al.. Blackstone Audio, Hollywood Theater of the Ear. 2010. Winner Audie Award: Best Audio Drama of 2010.
 The Mark of Zorro, with Val Kilmer, Blackstone Audio, Hollywood Theater of the Ear. 2011. Grammy nominated.

Books
He was the author of The Well-tempered Audio Dramatist (National Audio Theatre Festivals, 2006) and, with Carol Madden Adorjan, co-author of WKID: Easy Radio Plays for Children (Albert Whitman & Co., 1987).

Awards
Over the past three-plus decades, Rasovsky's audio work has won:

 two George Foster Peabody Awards,
 three Grammy nominations and another Grammy Award,
 five Ohio State awards,
 nine Audie Awards,
 four Major Armstrong awards,
 four Publishers Weekly Listen Up awards,
 two Corporation for Public Broadcasting awards,
 the Independent Publishers' Audio Award,
 the Gabriel Award,
 the NFCB Golden Reel,
 Mark Time Lifetime Achievement Award,
 Booklist Editor's Pick
 the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America Bradbury Award.

Notable relatives
 Barney Ross
 Solomon Rosowsky
 Baruch Leib Rosowsky

See also
 Thomas Lopez
 National Audio Theatre Festival
 Norman Corwin
 Arch Oboler
 Giles Cooper

References

External links
 Yuri Rasovsky Homepage, last revised Nov 19, 2010
 The Well-Tempered Audio Dramatist, A Guide to the Production of Audio Plays in Twenty-first Century America, by Yuri Rasovsky, last modified July 2006
 , 1972
 Yuri Rasovsky's Radio Plays

1944 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American radio writers
American radio producers
Nebula Award winners
Writers from Chicago

Yuri Rasovsky


ASuite is a free open source application launcher for Windows. It can be also used for applications in the PortableApps format and is an integral part of the Lupo PenSuite.

Program usage
In the main window, under the List tab, user can be able to create and manage own customized application list. While Search tab will let you look for item names.

User can add applications to list manually (with Add function or Drag and drop) or using Scan File. ASuite lets you specify the path, what file types you want to scan for and what file types you want to exclude from your scan.

Other than the main window, user can execute applications from a graphic and skinnable menu Windows XP style. This menu can open it by clicking on ASuite icon in System tray.

Moreover, ASuite opens applications using relative path. So it can work on any storage device, like external hard disks and USB flash drives.

See also
Comparison of application launchers

References

External links

Free software programmed in Delphi
Application launchers
Portable software
Windows-only free software
2005 software
Pascal (programming language) software

ASuite


Tiger Moon is a 2006 German fantasy novel written by Antonia Michaelis. It has been translated to English by Anthea Bell in 2008. It is published by Amulet Books.

Summary
Sold to be the eighth wife of a rich and cruel merchant, Safia, also called Raka, tries to escape her fate by telling stories of Farhad the thief, his companion Nitish, the white tiger, and their travels across India to retrieve a famous jewel  called the "bloodstone" that will save a kidnapped princess from becoming the bride of a demon king, Ravana.

2006 German novels
German fantasy novels
Novels about tigers
Novels set in India

Tiger Moon


Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a set of actions that should be done if a person stops breathing, or if their heart stops.  The goal of CPR is to force blood and oxygen to keep flowing through the body.  Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to survive.  CPR does not start a person's heart again.  However, it can keep pushing blood and oxygen around the body long enough that sometimes, it can keep the body from getting damaged by not having enough oxygen.

There are different types of CPR.  Regular people, who are not medical professionals, can do these things:
 Realize that a person is not breathing or has suddenly collapsed
 Call 911 (or whatever the emergency telephone number in their country is)
 Do chest compressions (press hard and fast in the middle of the chest, on the breastbone, until help comes; this will force blood to keep flowing to the body)
Many medical professionals can also do these things:
 They can use a machine called a defibrillator to give an electric shock to the heart.  This will not restart a heart that is not beating.  However, if the heart is beating in a way that is not normal, the electric shock may make the heart go back into a normal rhythm.
If the heart is not beating at all, they can give medicines (like epinephrine or atropine) to restart the heart.
 If the heart is not beating in a normal rhythm, they can give medicines to make it start beating in a normal rhythm again
 They can force oxygen into a patient's lungs, in a few different ways:
 With a bag-valve-mask (by placing a mask over the patient's face and squeezing a bag that is attached and is filled with oxygen)
 By placing a tube down a patient's throat to deliver oxygen more directly (this is called intubation).
 They can use an artificial pacemaker to do the heart's job, and force the heart to beat at a certain speed and rhythm

Statistics
Time is very important.  Each minute that passes before CPR is started lowers the chance of survival by about ten percent. If CPR starts within the first three to five minutes, and a defibrillator is available, the chance of survival can be as high as 50%, or even 75% (That is: one out of two, or three  out of four survive). In European countries, emergency services take about eight minutes or more to arrive, once they have been alerted. A victim's survival therefore largely depends on other people who are there and what they do. A quick call to emergency services, and a quick start of basic CPR, especially defibrillation, can double to triple the chance of survival - with adults and children.

References

Emergency medicine

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation


Dysthymia (also called dysthymic disorder or neurotic depression) is a type of mental illness called a mood disorder.  People with dysthymia have depression that is mild to moderate and lasts for years.

Dysthymia is a chronic (long-lasting) condition. A person must have symptoms for at least two years to qualify for a diagnosis of dysthymia.

The symptoms of dysthymia and major depressive disorder are similar. Both disorders can have serious effects on the body, mind, and emotions.  Physical symptoms can include changes in appetite, low energy, feeling tired, and trouble sleeping. Mental symptoms include difficulty making decisions or concentrating. Emotionally, people with either disorder often feel hopeless and have low self-esteem.  However, even though both disorders have similar symptoms, these symptoms are usually less severe with dysthymia.

In comparison to people with major depressive disorder, people with dysthymia may think about suicide and try to kill themselves. Dysthymia does not involve mania, hypomania (mild forms of mania), or mixed episodes (where a person has symptoms of both depression and mania).

Sometimes, people with dysthymia have "double depression."  This happens when a person with dysthymia has episodes of major depression (where their depression gets much worse) on top of their existing dysthymia.

Dysthymia usually affects adults, though it can affect teenagers. People who are diagnosed early (before age 22) usually have more severe relapses (where they return to being dysthymic after having been healthy), and are more likely to have other mental illnesses along with their dysthymia.

Mood disorders

Dysthymia


Veneto for the EPP (, VPPE) was a regional Christian democratic political party based in Veneto, Italy.

History
VPPE was founded in 2005 as a trans-party political movement by Giorgio Carollo, both members of Forza Italia and formerly members of Christian Democracy, along with members of Forza Italia, Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL), the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC) and the Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR).

At the beginning, VPPE members could be part of both their original party and of VPPE. Then the political movement was organised as an independent party, but some members, including Renzo Marangon, regional minister of Territorial Affairs, continued to have a double affiliation. In 2006, Raffaele Grazia was the only one of the original group to leave Forza Italia in the Regional Council, thus forming the "Veneto for the EPP" group.

In the May 2007 provincial election of Vicenza, Giorgio Carollo was candidate for President with the support of parties from both the centre-left and the centre-right: Italy of Values, UDEUR, Liga Fronte Veneto, Christian Democracy, some citizen lists and his own Veneto for the EPP, which is part of the majority supporting the regional government of Giancarlo Galan in the Regional Council. He scored 9.9%, while VPPE got the 3.5% and elected 2 provincial councillors.

Even if the result of Vicenza was a little disappointing for VPPE, it led to an awkward federation with Christian Democracy and Liga Fronte Veneto. The pact between the three parties, which could become a major political actor in Veneto, was signed in October 2007 by Giorgio Carollo, Raffaele Grazia, Giuseppe Pizza and Fabrizio Comencini. Following this agreement, Carollo became leader of the Christian Democracy in the northeast, while Grazia received the mandate of coordinator of the coalition for Veneto. However, the coalition was soon disbanded.

The party supported the Union of the Centre (UdC) of Pier Ferdinando Casini in the 2008 general election and Carollo was a candidate for the UdC in the North-East Italy constituency in the 2009 European Parliament election.

Leadership
President: Giorgio Carollo
Coordinator: Raffaele Grazia

References

External links
Official website

Political parties in Veneto
Venetian nationalism
Political parties established in 2005

Veneto for the European People's Party


A Latin cross or Crux immissa is a type of Christian cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam. This is the main representation of the cross by which Jesus Christ was crucified. The Latin cross began as a Roman Catholic emblem but later became a universal symbol of Christianity. If displayed upside down it is called St. Peter's Cross because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross. When displayed sideways it is called St. Philip's cross for the same reason.

A Latin cross plan is a floor plan found in many cathedrals and churches. When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross (crux immissa). The Latin cross plans have a nave with aisles or chapels, or both and a transept that forms the arms of the cross. It also has at least one apse that traditionally faces east. Many also have a narthex at the entry.

Related pages
 Christian symbolism
 Christian cross
 Greek cross
 Celtic cross

References

Christian symbols

Latin cross


Sue Castorino  is founder and president of The Speaking Specialists, a communications company specializing in public speaking and media training services, located in Chicago. She was an American broadcast journalist, news anchor and reporter in Cleveland and Chicago.

Biography
Sue Castorino was born Susann Kay Castorino in Columbus, Ohio and attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois where she graduated in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science in Speech. As part of the Northwestern program, she completed an internship at WBBM-TV in Chicago. After a brief stint at WHTH-AM in Newark, Ohio she was named news anchor and reporter at WERE-AM in Cleveland, the city's all-news station at that time. The station WERE had just begun an all-news radio format and was the local affiliate for the NBC network. In 1977 Castorino went on to be the morning news anchor and reporter at WWWE-AM, also known as `3WE' (now WTAM) in Cleveland. In addition, she became the first woman at that station to host Cleveland Cavaliers basketball programs and covered the Indians, Browns, and other sporting events as well as news.

From 1981 to 1986 Castorino was the afternoon news anchor at WBBM, the all-news station in Chicago owned and operated by  CBS. During that time she also served as news reporter and hosted various sports programs including a weekly White Sox show. In 1983 Castorino married Randy Minkoff, who was then the United Press International Midwest sports editor.

In 1986, Castorino founded The Speaking Specialists, a woman-owned communications company specializing in public speaking, media training, issue management and voice coaching services, based in Chicago.  She conducts sessions for major collegiate programs, the NFL, NBA, and Major League Baseball as well as corporate executives.  Minkoff joined The Speaking Specialists in 1996 after leaving WGN Radio.

In 2000 The Speaking Specialists was awarded the contract by the United States Olympic Committee to provide media training to all of the American athletes and coaches who competed in the Summer Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia. Castorino and Minkoff have subsequently provided similar services for many of the athletes competing in the Olympic Games in the 21st century.

Castorino is a professor on the faculty of Loyola University (Chicago) School of Communication, where she teaches Public Speaking & Critical Thinking, Business and Professional Speaking, Broadcast Journalism, Ethics & Communication,  and History & Issues in Journalism.

References

Additional References and other sources
Johns Hopkins Magazine, November 1998. When Academics Meet the Press
Haugh, David Jun 25, 2006; Advice from the pros: Experts in human relations say it's wrong for Ozzie Guillen to blame his outbursts on cultural differences. Chicago Tribune pg. 8;
Bell, Taylor, Oct 6, 2006; Tongue-tied? Speaking Specialists can help. Chicago Sun-Times.
Mawicke, Megan, Dec 4, 2007; Speaking Specialists Give Athletes Media Skills, CBS2 Chicago
New York Times, February 25, 2008; "NBC Trying Its Best to Be Cool"
2007 USA Track & Field Elite Athlete Handbook

External links
The Speaking Specialist Company website

Living people
1953 births
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
American broadcasters
Businesspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Journalists from Ohio

Sue Castorino


Rudolf Trümpy (16 August 1921 – 30 January 2009) was a Swiss geologist, who was born in the small Swiss town of Glarus. He graduated from the ETH Zürich in the late 1940s with a thesis titled: "Der Lias der Glarner Alpen". From 1947 to 1953 he spent his post-doctoral years in Lausanne before being appointed professor at ETH Zürich in 1953. He would remain there until 1986.

His research mainly concentrated on alpine geology. However, he also published papers on extra-alpine regions like Greenland, the Montagne Noire and the Sahara.  He was the author of the reference book Geology of Switzerland.

Trümpy is the recipient of numerous awards and prizes including the Wollaston Medal and the Penrose Medal. In 1978 he was elected a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is also a member of the French Academy of Sciences.

Many stratigraphic formations in the western Alps were first described by Trümpy. For example, the Couches de l'Aroley, the Couches des Marmontains and the Couches de St Cristoph.

References

1921 births
2009 deaths
Wollaston Medal winners
Penrose Medal winners
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
ETH Zurich alumni
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
People from the canton of Glarus
20th-century Swiss geologists
Gustav-Steinmann-Medaille winners

Rudolf Trümpy


TwoMorrows Publishing is a publisher of magazines about comic books, founded in 1994 by John and Pam Morrow out of their small advertising agency in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. Its products also include books and DVDs.

List of magazines

TwoMorrows publishes the following magazines:

 Alter Ego
 Back Issue!
 BrickJournal
 Comic Book Creator
 Draw!
 Jack Kirby Collector
 RetroFan

Defunct magazines include

 Comic Book Artist
 Comicology
 Rough Stuff
 Write Now!

History

Jack Kirby Collector
After the death of comics creator Jack Kirby, lifelong Kirby fan John Morrow and his wife Pam contacted Roz Kirby, the artist's widow, about an ongoing magazine devoted to her husband's work and legacy. She gave it her authorization.

Jack Kirby Collector was first published in limited quantities as a small, black-and-white magazine focusing on Kirby artwork and articles by Morrow and a few fellow collectors and fans. As each issue grew in size, it began to include rare or previously unpublished Kirby art, as well as uninked pencil versions of published art. Soon the magazine was being published on better paper, with glossy color covers. New and veteran comics artists were given the chance to ink reproductions of Kirby's original pencil work. Each issue carried the notation "Fully Authorized by the Kirby Estate". The magazine went on to be nominated for several awards. First issue was published September 5, 1994.

The Morrows launched fundraiser projects to fund the preservation of the thermostatic copies of Kirby's uninked pencils by scanning over 5,000 pages and cleaning them for future researchers and readers.

Other magazines
Jack Kirby Collector contributor Jon B. Cooke approached the two Morrows about launching another magazine that would cover the comics of the 1960s and 1970s. This magazine, Comic Book Artist, launched under the TwoMorrows imprint in 1998 and would go on to win several Eisner Awards. TwoMorrows also picked up Comicology, a magazine devoted to current comics, and which lasted four issues.

TwoMorrows expanded again with a revival of former Marvel editor-in-chief Roy Thomas 1960s fanzine, Alter Ego — initially as a flip book with Comic Book Artist, then in 1999 as a standalone publication.

In 2001, TwoMorrows launched Draw! a magazine edited by animation and comics artist Mike Manley that centered on how-to and related articles for cartoonists and animators. At the same time, comics author and editor Danny Fingeroth started Write Now, a magazine of how to write comics and animation. In 2003, Jon B. Cooke left TwoMorrows to take Comic Book Artist to another publisher, Top Shelf Productions. The Morrows hired former comics writer and editor Michael Eury, author of the book Captain Action, to launch a successor publication. The new title, Back Issue!, debuted in 2003. Rough Stuff magazine, a spin-off of Back Issue!, focusing on previously unpublished penciled pages, preliminary sketches, detailed layouts and unused inked artwork debuted in July 2006.

Books and DVDs
TwoMorrows has also published several books devoted to comics and comic history. The first  was the Eisner Award-winning trade paperback Streetwise, a collection of autobiographical stories by such creators as Jack Kirby, Sergio Aragones,  Sam Glanzman, Murphy Anderson, and Nick Cardy. Others include The Warren Companion and The Fawcett Companion, chronicling the histories of the defunct publishers; Kimota! The Miracleman Companion, about the British comic book character; G-Force Animated: The Official  Battle of the Planets book, detailing the animated TV series; and three The All Star Companions by Roy Thomas, The Legion Companion, and The  Justice League Companion, and several other books devoted to Golden Age and Silver Age of comic books titles and heroes.

Along with books devoted to such artists as Murphy Anderson, Dick Giordano, George Tuska, Gene Colan, Wally Wood, and Kurt Schaffenberger, as well as to writer Alan Moore, TwoMorrows has published books about how comics are created,  such as Panel Discussions, Comics Above Ground, and Acting with a Pencil. Additionally, the company has published three collections of columns on comics by writer Mark Evanier; checklists of the works of Kirby and Wood; and the "Modern Masters" series by writer-editor Eric Nolan-Weathington.

In 2006, TwoMorrows expanded into DVDs by producing an art-instruction video, and a DVD version of the company's George Pérez Modern Masters book.

References

External links

Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center

Publishing companies established in 1994
Comic book publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in Raleigh, North Carolina
Book publishing companies based in North Carolina
Small press publishing companies
1994 establishments in North Carolina

TwoMorrows Publishing


Laissez-faire is an economic and political philosophy. It is from a French phrase that means to "leave alone". It means that government does not interfere with business and economy. Finance and trade decisions are left for the private individual to make. It is the belief that unregulated competition in business represents the best path to progress. Supporters claim that a free and unregulated market creates a natural balance between supply and demand. The phrase is supposed to have come from the 18th century. In a meeting between the French finance minister Colbert and a businessman named Le Gendre, Colbert asked how the government could help commerce. Le Gendre replied "Let us do what we want to do".

History
In Ancient China, there were three schools of political thought. Taoism believed in almost no economic interference by the government. Legalism included the belief that the state should have the maximum power. They created the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire. Confucianism was split between these two extremes although was closer to Legalism than Taoism.

During the 19th century Laissez faire developed as a social and economic philosophy. It was believed that government involvement in business was harmful at worst and ineffective at best. Socially, it was believed that government intervention to help the poor was harmful because it made them lazy and dependent on the government. Economically there was debate at this time in Europe and the United States over whether free trade or tariffs promoted the most economic growth. Up until the 1840s protectionism was favored over Laissez faire. In Britain the Corn Laws placed high tariffs on imported corn to protect British farmers and land owners.

Related pages
 Economic liberalism
 Anarcho-capitalism
 Free-market anarchism
 History of economic thought
 Libertarianism
 Market fundamentalism
 Neoliberalism

References

Other websites
 What is Laissez faire; YouTube

Politics
Political movements
Libertarianism

Laissez-faire


Bishop Ullathorne RC School was established in Coventry, England, in 1953 and in 2006 it was awarded specialist status as a Humanities College. The school is named after William Bernard Ullathorne (1806-1889), the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Birmingham.

Initially the school had three separate parts; a boys' secondary modern school, a girls' secondary modern school and a grammar school. In 1968 these formed the core of the current comprehensive school, each of the three separate parts being initially identified as the Lower School, the Middle School and the Upper School. The grammar school later became the home of the Coventry Centre for the Performing Arts before being sold to Bovis Homes who built a housing estate on the land.

The two remaining buildings were re-dubbed 'A Block' and 'B Block' after the sale of the grammar school and the previously empty space between them was built on to form a single building. This area is now a passage for staff and allows quick movement between the two structures, with students only being allowed access during heavy rainstorms or with special permission.

Academics
The school currently has approximately 970 pupils, and includes a sixth form college.
Bishop Ullathorne School has a good academic record and in 2012-13 91% of GCSE students gained 5 A*-C passes. At A Level, 72% of students achieved 3 A-C passes in 2012-2013. Students come from a wide range of backgrounds as the school draws in Catholics from around the city. Around a third of students are eligible for free school meals and 17% learn English as a second language. It is consistently ranked within the top 10 schools in Coventry in local league tables.

Sport
Although relatively small, the school has a rich history in sport,  football, gymnastics, cross country and rugby. The school has won many Coventry Schools cups in football as well as winning the West Midlands Schools Cup.

In the past five years the school has been in The Coventry Evening Telegraph Cup final four times, winning it three times. A special win came in 2006 when it was the first final to be played at The Ricoh Arena, resulting in a 3-0 victory.

Rivals
Finham Park Secondary School and Bishop Ullathorne are in close proximity to one another. The main gates of Bishop Ullathorne RC School are off Leasowes Avenue at the bottom of Moat Avenue, off the Kenpas Highway (A45). Finham Park School, with main gains on Green Lane, is close by as the crow flies, but it is on the other side of the Coventry to Kenilworth railway line. The school gates of the two schools are 10–15 minutes walking distance apart, as there is no direct access across the railway line.

Feeder Primary Schools
All Souls', Chapelfields
Our Lady of The Assumption, Tile Hill
St Anne's, Willenhall
St John Vianney, Mount Nod
St Mary and St Benedict Catholic School, Hillfields
St Thomas More, Stivichall

Former pupils
 Andrew Campbell (academic), Computer scientist
 Cathy Cassidy - children's author
 Mary Creagh - MP for Wakefield (Labour)
 Joel Fearon - Team GB Bobsleigh Team
 Theresa Griffin - former Member of the European Parliament for the North West of England (Labour)
 Gary McSheffrey - footballer
 Air Chief Marshal Sir Christopher Moran
 Adam Walker - Nuneaton Town F.C. player

References

Secondary schools in Coventry
Catholic secondary schools in the Archdiocese of Birmingham
Academies in Coventry

Bishop Ullathorne Roman Catholic School


(from crêpe Georgette) is a sheer, lightweight, dull-finished crêpe fabric named after the early 20th century French dressmaker Georgette de la Plante.

Originally made from silk, Georgette is made with highly twisted yarns. Its characteristic crinkly surface is created by alternating S- and Z-twist yarns in both warp and weft.

Georgette is made in solid colors and prints and is used for blouses, dresses, evening gowns, saris,  and trimmings. Georgette has a very light and drapey hand, rendering it more common in loose flowing garments and less so in more structured pieces. Silk georgette is relatively delicate, but varieties made with synthetic fibers can be more resilient to damage. The crepe style S- and Z-twist weave makes the fabric springier and less lustrous than the closely related chiffon.

Gallery

Notes

Woven fabrics

Georgette (fabric)


Undead or Alive: A Zombedy is a 2007 Western comedy horror film directed by Glasgow Phillips, written by Phillips and Scott Pourroy, and starring Navi Rawat, Chris Kattan and James Denton. The film was later acquired by Image Entertainment, a deal that included both theatrical and home video rights.

Plot

Before his capture, Geronimo had cursed white men, causing people to become zombies. Later, at a house in a small town, a man named Ben Goodman (Brian Posehn) acts suspiciously. Ben proceeds to attack and eat his wife and daughter's brains.

Luke (Chris Kattan), a cowboy living in the town, plans to marry a saloon girl. On arriving at the saloon to propose to her, he encounters Elmer Winslow (James Denton), who has just arrived in town, and discovers that his "princess" is a prostitute. He picks a fight with Elmer until Sheriff Claypool (Matt Besser), who owns the saloon, jails them and steals $500 which Elmer is carrying. In the adjacent cell is Ben, awaiting his hanging the next morning. Elmer and Luke escape and lock Deputy Cletus (Chris Coppola) in the cell, where he is bitten by Ben.

Luke and Elmer find the sheriff and the prostitute having sex. They steal all the sheriff's money and make a getaway. When the sheriff releases Cletus from the cell he is bitten by him. The next morning hang Ben and assemble a posse to pursue the two fugitives.

Luke and Elmer are ambushed in their sleep by Sue (Navi Rawat), Geronimo's niece who was kidnapped and taken to New York to be educated and has now returned to take her revenge on the soldiers who killed her uncle. After a difficult start they become friends, despite Elmer revealing that he is an army deserter. Sheriff Claypool and Cletus, now zombies, attack the other members of the posse, who also become zombies. They are ambushed by Elmer, Luke and Sue, who realise they cannot be killed and flee.

Meanwhile, the townspeople cut Ben down from the gallows, not realising that hanging cannot "kill" him. He attacks the townspeople. The town's minister (Leslie Jordan) manages to escape by locking himself in an upstairs room at the saloon, now besieged by a horde of zombies. The following morning, he climbs out of the window to get water, but is pursued by zombies and bitten by the prostitute.

Elmer, Luke and Sue are captured by soldiers, former colleagues of Elmer's (his $500 is revealed to have been won from them while gambling), who take them to their fort on the edge of the Grand Canyon. There they discover that the posse has arrived first and turned all the garrison into zombies, who attack the party and also turn all the other soldiers into zombies. They discover they can kill the zombies by decapitation.

During the night, while hiding in the fort, Sue reveals that the only way to be cured of the zombie curse is to eat the living flesh of the medicine man who created the curse. They shoot several cookware objects out of a homemade blunderbuss at the sheriff and the zombies to no avail. Elmer tries to punch First Sergeant Kermit in the mouth, but gets bitten by him. After destroying most of the zombies by blowing up the magazine, he becomes a zombie and throws Cletus off the cliff, before biting Luke.

Sue kills Sheriff Claypool, but is then attacked by Elmer and Luke. The next scene shows Elmer and Luke looking normal again, after having eaten Sue's flesh. The "eating the living flesh" cure apparently also works for relatives of the person who created the curse. Sue apparently tasted like gingerbread. The duo ride off into the sunset as Cletus stands up and chases them.

An epilogue shows Ben digging up his family, now zombies themselves, from the cemetery and the three of them (with their dog) skipping into town.

Cast

 Chris Kattan as Luke
 James Denton as Elmer
 Lew Alexander as Geronimo
 Todd Anderson as Kermit
 Richard Barela as Drunk Zombie
 Matt Besser as Sheriff Claypool
 Brett Brock as Townsman 1
 Richard Bucher as Townsman
 Jeff Chase as Zombie
 Chris Coppola as Cletus
 Gino Crognale as General Store Owner
 Jeffrey J. Dashnaw as Townsman
 Scott Flick as Zombie Soldier
 Michelle Greathouse as Schoolmarm
 Patricia Greer as Saloon Girl
 Leslie Jordan as Padre
 Geoffrey C. Martin as Trap door zombie
 Keola Melhorn as Zombie
 Tracy Melhorn as Zombie
 Michael Patrick Metzdorff as Gunfighter Zombie / Union Soldier Zombie
 Cristin Michele as Kate
 Christopher Allen Nelson as The Captain
 T. Jay O'Brien as Farlow
 Brian Posehn as Ben
 Navi Rawat as Sue
 Chloe Russell as Ruby
 Elizabeth Slagsvol as Saloon Girl
 Russell Solberg as Townsman
 Mia Stallard as Anna
 Ben Zeller as Ebeneezer
 James Blackburn as Zombie soldier
 Brent Lambert as Zombie

Production
The film was shot in Santa Fe, New Mexico for Odd Lot Entertainment. Gary Jones created the make-up and masks for the film.

Release
The film premiered on March 15, 2007, as part of the South by Southwest Festival and was released on December 11, 2007, over Image Entertainment on DVD.

Soundtrack
The score was composed by Bulgarian music producer Ivan Koutikov.

Track list
 Hal Ozsan and Poets and Pornstars – Monkey
 Poets and Pornstars – Get your Kicks
 David Baker – Twists and Turns
 Three Bad Jacks – Crazy in the Head
 Slick Pelt – Cowboy Song
 Colin Blades – Best Friend
 Three Bad Jacks – Hellbound Train
 Terence Jay – Undead or Alive
 Slick Pelt – Danger
 Chris Gerolmo – I'm your Danger

References

External links

2007 films
2007 Western (genre) films
2000s Western (genre) comedy films
2000s Western (genre) horror films
2007 comedy horror films
American Western (genre) comedy films
American Western (genre) horror films
American comedy horror films
American zombie comedy films
Films about Native Americans
Cultural depictions of Geronimo
Films set in Arizona
Films shot in New Mexico
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Films about curses
Uxoricide in fiction
Filicide in fiction

Undead or Alive


Wait Until Dark is a play by Frederick Knott, first performed on Broadway in 1966 and often revived since then. A film version was released in 1967, and the play was published in the same year.

Synopsis
Susy Hendrix is a blind Greenwich Village housewife who becomes the target of three con-men searching for the heroin hidden in a doll, which her husband Sam unwittingly transported from Canada as a favor to a woman who has since been murdered. "Roat" leads his companions into thinking that they are going to be rich and will get the heroin soon enough, but in the end he murders all of his partners after they outlive their usefulness.

The trio try to convince Susy that her husband will be suspected of murdering the woman, and the only way to protect him is to give them the doll, which connects him to her. Little do the men know that Gloria, a little girl in the upstairs apartment, has stolen the doll after finding out it was not a gift for her.

One of the men poses as Sergeant Carlino, a strange police detective, while another poses as Mike, an old friend of her husband dropping by for a visit. Susy relies on "Mike", and he eventually begins to feel sympathy for her.

"Roat" poses as both the elderly Mr. Roat and his "son", Roat Junior. Roat Senior ransacks Susy's room and steals a wedding photo from the bedroom. He threatens Susy's and her husband's well-being, so she calls the police.  Her call is intercepted by "Mike", and Susy is visited by "Sergeant Carlino".

Gloria returns and admits her theft of the doll, and Susy hides it. Susy contacts "Mike" to ask for help now that the doll is found. Gloria has been watching the nearby phone booth used by the con-men, and she alerts Susy that all three of the men she has been dealing with are tricking her. Susy sends Gloria to meet her husband on his way home from work, and begins planning to handle the intruders.

Roat kills both of his partners after the men discover Susy has the doll in the apartment. He spills gas around the apartment to destroy any evidence.

Susy turns off all the lights so that "Roat" cannot see her. "Roat" uses matches to see until Susy douses him with the gasoline. He uses the refrigerator light to see, threatens Susy, and tries to kill her. She ultimately defeats "Roat".

Sam bursts in with the police and finds that Susy has already dealt with Roat.  He sees that Mike is also dead. Gloria yells at the police when they appear too patronizing to Susy and defends Susy's ability to take care of herself. After the police leave, Susy and Sam embrace.

Productions

Original
Produced by Fred Coe and directed by Arthur Penn, the Broadway premiere of Wait Until Dark opened on February 2, 1966, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. Within the next 11 months, it transferred to the Shubert, the George Abbott and the Music Box Theatre, running for 373 performances.

 Lee Remick as Susy Hendrix
 Robert Duvall as Harry Roat Jr.
 Mitchell Ryan as Mike Talman
 Val Bisoglio as Sgt. Carlino
 James Congdon as Sam Hendrix
 Julie Herrod as Gloria

Remick was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.

The West End production, with Honor Blackman and Peter Sallis, at the Strand Theatre, was also successful, running for nearly two years, during which time Barbara Murray and Lana Morris took over from Blackman in the lead.

Revivals

After 11 previews, a Broadway revival directed by Leonard Foglia opened on April 5, 1998 at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre, where it ran for 97 performances. The cast included Marisa Tomei, Quentin Tarantino and Stephen Lang.

A 2003 London revival, followed by a UK tour, featured Susie Amy, Derren Nesbitt and Michael Melia. The setting was changed to Notting Hill.

A production of the play took place at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2010. It was performed at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh by students of Oxford University.

On October 16, 2013, a revised version by Jeffrey Hatcher opened at the Geffen Playhouse in Los Angeles, featuring Allison Pill, Adam Stein, and Mather Zickel. The story was backdated to 1944, and Sam and Mike are supposedly Marine buddies who served together in Italy.

Adaptations

Warner Bros.-Seven Arts purchased the film rights in 1966 soon after the play's Broadway premiere. The film, directed by Terence Young with a screenplay by Robert Carrington and Jane Howard-Carrington and a score by Henry Mancini, premiered on October 26, 1967. It starred Audrey Hepburn, Alan Arkin, Richard Crenna, Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Jack Weston, and Julie Herrod, and it was produced by Hepburn's then-husband Mel Ferrer.

In an effort to duplicate the suspense on screen, movie theaters dimmed their lights to their legal limits, then turned off one by one until each light on-screen was shattered, resulting in the theater being plunged into complete darkness.

Hepburn was nominated for both the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Actress, and Zimbalist was nominated for a Golden Globe in the supporting category.

The film ranked tenth on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments for its climactic scene, and it was ranked 55th on the list of American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Thrills.

A 1982 TV movie starred Katharine Ross and Stacy Keach.

The movie was adapted into a 1986 Kannada-language movie 27 Mavalli Circle.

References

External links

Official website for the 2010 Edinburgh Festival production of Wait Until Dark

1966 plays
Broadway plays
American plays adapted into films
Plays set in New York City
Plays and musicals about disability
Thriller plays

Wait Until Dark


John Rawlings (1912-1970) was a Condé Nast Publications fashion photographer from the 1930s through the 1960s. Rawlings left a significant body of work, including 200 Vogue magazine and Glamour magazine covers to his credit and 30,000 photos in archive, maintained by curator Kohle Yohannan.

Rawlings was in the elite circle of top Vogue photographers Irving Penn, Horst P. Horst, George Hoyningen-Huene, and George Platt Lynes. The photographer's recently rediscovered archive includes photographs of stage, screen, and society stars of the 1940s and 1950s, including Marlene Dietrich, Salvador Dalí, Veronica Lake, Bridget Bate Tichenor and Montgomery Clift.

References

External links
 John-Rawlings 30-Years-Vogue on Amazon

1912 births
1970 deaths
20th-century American photographers
Fashion photographers
American portrait photographers

John Rawlings (photographer)


Elizabeth Whitney was Deputy California State Treasurer under Democrat Jesse M. Unruh and became Acting State Treasurer upon his death on August 4, 1987.  State law provided for her service to be temporary, until the gubernatorial appointment and legislative confirmation of a permanent successor.  However, the reluctance of the Democratic-controlled California Legislature to cede the power of the State Treasurer's office to Congressman Dan Lungren, a nominee of Republican Governor George Deukmejian, led to an extended deadlock, and permitted Whitney to serve throughout 1988 and into 1989, when the State Senate confirmed Governor Deukmejian's second nominee, Thomas W. Hayes.

References

Living people
State treasurers of California
Women in California politics
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women

Elizabeth Whitney (treasurer)


St Peter's Notting Hill is a Victorian Anglican church in Kensington Park Road, Notting Hill, London. Designed in the classical style by architect Thomas Allom, work was begun in 1855 and completed in 1857.

History

Until the mid nineteenth century Notting Hill was a largely rural neighbourhood at the edge of the western suburbs of London. Development in the area began during the 1840s on the Ladbroke Estate where St John's Notting Hill was completed in 1845. It soon became clear that another church was needed, and the site for St Peter's was donated by the trader and philanthropist Charles Henry Blake (1794–1872). Blake had made his fortune in India trading in indigo, and went on to make an even greater fortune as landowner, financier, builder and speculator in Notting Hill. In 1845 Blake had made a significant financial contribution to the construction of neighbouring St John's.

St Peter's was designed by Allom as a part of his overall plan for Kensington Park Gardens and the neighbouring streets of Stanley Crescent and Stanley Gardens, which were developed by Blake.

Work on St Peter's was begun in November 1855.  The completed church was consecrated on 7 January 1857 by the then Bishop of London, Archibald Campbell Tait. St Peter's was designed to accommodate a congregation of 1,400. It is thought to be the last 19th century Anglican church to be built in London in the classical style.

St Peter's is a building of notable architectural quality, and is listed Grade II*. The interior of the building is very elaborate, with many of the pillars boasting gilded capitals.

St Peter's today

In 1982 the parishes of St John's and St Peter's were linked by the appointment of a single vicar, and in 1986 the parishes became the united parish of St Peter's and St John's. However, on 1 January 2003 the two parishes again separated, though they continue to form part of a group ministry.

The church is used for Notting Hill lunchtime concerts.

Notes

References
 Denny, Barbara Notting Hill and Holland Park Past, Historical Publications, 1993.
 Mitton, Geraldine Edith, The Kensington District, Project Gutenberg, 30 May 2007 [EBook #21643]
 Sheppard, Francis, London, A History, Oxford University Press, 1998,

External links

Holland Park Ave at Project Gutenberg Retrieved 20 February 2010
ST PETER'S NOTTING HILL Retrieved 29 July 2019

Notting Hill
Buildings and structures in Notting Hill
Grade II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Grade II* listed churches in London
Diocese of London
History of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Churches completed in 1857
19th-century Church of England church buildings
1857 establishments in England

St Peter's, Notting Hill


Kirchweih is literally the dedication of a church in German. More generally it also names the celebration of the anniversary of a dedication both at church and in local customs. The festivity is often on the day celebrating a church's patron saint or the day of laying the foundation stone, now often celebrated the following weekend. Customs vary locally in German-speaking countries, also local names such as Kirtag, Kärwa, Kirmes and Kilbi. In Bavaria, all Kirchweih celebrations have been fixed by royal order from the mid-19th century to the third Sunday in October (originally in order to roll back extensive local Kirchweih tourism having gotten out of hand in the government's eyes).

In the liturgy of the Catholic church, the Latin gradual, part of the proper of the mass for the feast day, is Locus iste, set to music for example as a motet by Anton Bruckner.

References

See also
 Kermesse (festival)

External links

 Das Kirwa-Portal im Internet kirwa.net

Festivals in Germany
Christian festivals in Europe

Kirchweih


Around the World in 80 Days is the 1989 book that Michael Palin wrote to accompany the BBC TV program Around the World in 80 Days with Michael Palin.

This trip was intended to follow in the footsteps of the (fictitious) Phileas Fogg in the 1873 Jules Verne book Around the World in Eighty Days. The use of aeroplanes was not allowed, a self-imposed restriction. Steam liners don't exist any more, so all of the long sea journeys had to be on container ships or freighters. The one exception was the trip from Dubai to Mumbai (Bombay) on a dhow, a high point of the trip.

This book, like the other books that Michael Palin wrote following each of his seven trips for the BBC, consists both of his text and of many photographs to illustrate the trip. Unlike the following books, in which the pictures were taken (almost) exclusively by Basil Pao, the pictures in this book are from many sources. (Basil Pao did provide the pictures for the Hong Kong to Shanghai stretch.)

To some extent the book reads like a diary, as Michael Palin starts each section of the book with a heading like "Day 42 - Hong Kong". This reflects the fact that the whole trip was a kind of "race against time" effort, and being aware of how many days have passed and how many days are left before the magic number 80 arrives adds extra excitement.

An interesting aspect of this trip is that almost 3/4 of the time (59 days) was spent getting around the first half of the globe (Europe, Middle East, Asia, Pacific to the International Date Line) and only 1/4 of the time (21 days) for the last half of the trip (rest of the Pacific, U.S.A., Atlantic). This is also reflected in the number of pages in this book: 180 for the first half of the trip, 60 for the last half.

There are a couple of reasons for this discrepancy. Traveling across the Pacific and the Atlantic was done on fast modern container ships. The trip across the U.S.A. was done by train, which was fairly fast, and this stretch was presumably considered to be less interesting for Western TV viewers (the intended audience) than the more exotic parts in the Middle East and Asia.

One major difference between this trip and the following Michael Palin trips for the BBC was the desire to follow a preordained route that involved a lot of time traveling at sea. Day after day of sailing does not make for very exciting TV. For example, in an almost grotesque sequence, Michael Palin arrives in Singapore harbor on one ship at midnight, rushes through immigration and departure processing, and embarks on the next ship at 2:45 a.m. Neither Palin nor the viewers get to see a single view of Singapore.

The text of this book is available free to read online on Michael Palin's official web site.

Audio edition
This book is available as an unabridged audiobook, read by Michael Palin and lasts 7 hours 35 minutes.

British travel books
1989 non-fiction books
Books by Michael Palin
Works based on Around the World in Eighty Days
English non-fiction books
Books about India
Books about Mumbai
Pune
Chennai

Around the World in 80 Days (Palin book)


William James Dennis is an American rapper, best known as a member of the Houston rap group the Geto Boys, alongside Bushwick Bill and Scarface. He maintains and regularly uploads to his YouTube channel, posting social commentary videos. As of July 2021, his channel WillieDLive has accumulated over 200 million video views.

Early life
Willie took up boxing at the age of 11. In 1985, he became the Golden Gloves Champion for the State of Texas. Rather than become a professional boxer, he decided to become a rap music MC. He attended Forest Brook High School but in 1984, two months prior to his scheduled graduation, he was expelled for fighting. He never returned to school.

Career
His reputation reached J Prince, founder of Rap-A-Lot Records. At the time Prince was looking to revamp the Geto Boys and knew that Willie D would be a key factor in the group's success. Once Willie D was on board, Scarface was added to complete the group.

Considered the classic line up, Willie D, Bushwick Bill, and Scarface first emerged as the Geto Boys in 1989 with their gold record, Grip It! On That Other Level. The record contained the songs "Gangster of Love," "Do It Like a G.O.," "Size Ain't Shit," and "Read These Nikes," all penned by Willie D. Willie went on to record a string of critical and commercially successful solo and group albums including the Geto Boys' "We Can't Be Stopped" (platinum), which featured the single "Mind Playing Tricks on Me," co-written by Willie D.

In 2009, Willie D was featured on a song called "Down South Hustlaz", along with Young Buck, Trae, Bun B, and Rick Ross.

He was featured on a track on Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium along with Insane Clown Posse and Twiztid called Scrubstitute Teachers. In April 2012, he released "Hoodiez" featuring Scarface, D-Boi and Propain.  The song quickly went viral and became an internet hit.  It is a tribute to slain teenager Trayvon Martin who was shot by neighborhood watchman George Zimmerman.

Family
Willie D's mother, Marvelous Dennis, who later became Marvelous Basey through marriage (died February 14, 1994), was born in Houston, Texas. She named him after his maternal grandfather, Willie Dennis. She was a cafeteria cook for the Houston Independent School District (HISD) for several years. His father, Alfred Deboest (died May 17, 1998), was from Lake Charles, Louisiana. He was a carpenter and construction worker by trade.

Willie D was raised by his mother in Houston after his parents separated when he was four-years old. He has stated in interviews that both his parents were alcoholics and that his mother was physically and verbally abusive. Although he rarely saw his dad while growing up, when it was discovered that his father had lung cancer, Willie D took him in to live with him before he succumbed to the disease. Furthermore, despite a troubled relationship with his mother, in 1991 he took his first large paycheck from his music royalties and purchased a four-bedroom house for her while he was still living in an apartment.

On September 3, 1994, he married Bridget Bonier, who is a mechanical engineer, in a private ceremony on a yacht in Clear Lake City, Texas. They have two children, a daughter, Caen (pronounced Cain), who was born April 26, 1995, and a son, Blake, born July 8, 1999. They were divorced in 2010. Willie D has four siblings, Karen Williams (half), Warren Vann (half), Ernestine Dennis, and Isaac Dennis (half).

Boxing career
Willie D began boxing at the age of 11, and won the Golden Gloves for the state of Texas in 1985. He went on to choose a career as a rapper over turning professional, but he eventually returned to boxing during the 1990s. He won his first professional fight in 1992, knocking out Melle Mel at a charity boxing show by accident after the two bumped heads in the first round. Willie D had two more fights between 1999 and 2000, beating Charles Aguilera by TKO in October 1999 and John Tarmon by KO in June 2000, and drew against John Washington on August 24, 2000. In Willie D's last professional fight, he lost to Yameen Muhammad by TKO in October 2000.

Legal issues
In 1984 after turning 18, Dennis and Ronald Hope were arrested for holding up a gas station and were held for several months awaiting trial. A 1992 Houston Chronicle article stated that Dennis did six months in jail for aggravated robbery. Dennis was still in attendance at Forest Brook High School prior to his 1986 expulsion.

Dennis was sentenced to deferred adjudication in 1994 for an alleged theft of service concerning a car repair bill.

Dennis was arrested by FBI agents on May 13, 2009, on federal wire fraud charges, stemming from his purported sales of Apple iPhones through a company known as Texas One Wireless after luring potential buyers off Ebay (which he had used to build a reputation as a reliable seller); victims would pay for the electronics, after which all contact would cease and their products would fail to be delivered. The total amount defrauded was alleged to be $194,087.17 (according to authorities investigation the 35 claims of fraud related to the case). Willie D was sentenced to a year in federal prison in December 2010 after pleading guilty to all charges. He was given BOP#99063-179 and spent his sentence at FCI Beaumont and FDC Houston.

Discography

Studio albums
 Controversy (1989)
 I'm Goin' Out Lika Soldier (1992)
 Play Witcha Mama (1994)
 Loved by Few, Hated by Many (2000)
 Unbreakable (2003)

References

External links

Living people
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
American people convicted of robbery
Rappers from Houston
Southern hip hop musicians
Gangsta rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
American people convicted of fraud
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people

Willie D


Jini  Dellaccio (née Duckworth; January 31, 1917 – July 3, 2014) was an American photographer best known for her images of rock and pop acts of the 1960s, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Her photographs of the Sonics, the Wailers, Merrilee Rush, the Daily Flash and many others were frequently used for album covers, posters, and publicity stills, and - along with her shots of major acts such as Neil Young, the Rolling Stones, the Beach Boys, and The Who - have been widely reproduced in books, CDs, articles, and gallery exhibitions.

Early life and career

Born and raised on a family farm in Indiana, Jini (pronounced "Jeanie") Duckworth's father was an auto mechanic and her mother was a beautician. Her large family was artistically and musically inclined. Jini's mother was a self-taught violinist, her father played drums, and her sister played piano. After graduating from high school in 1935 she played saxophone with a number of different all-girl Swing jazz touring revues for 12 years.

While performing in Hollywood, Florida with the Sweathearts of Swing during World War II, she met her husband-to-be, Carl Dellaccio, who was serving in the Navy. "We talked every night. That was the end of it for me," Jini said. After the war the couple moved to Chicago, Illinois, where Carl attended the University of Chicago, via the GI Bill. After they married in 1946, Jini continued playing music professionally for a while, then began attending the Art Institute of Chicago, where she studied painting and became interested in photography, purchasing a $70 used Leica at Altman's, a Chicago camera shop.

In 1953, the couple moved to Long Beach, California where Carl had been offered a high school level Spanish and Italian teaching job. Jini did pottery for a while before developing a successful career as a freelance fashion photographer. During this period she purchased a Rolleiflex camera, and then a Hasselblad 500-C, which (though she would occasionally use other types) became her primary camera.  The resulting photos, Dellaccio said, were "absolutely gorgeous." A model, as pleased with the shots as Dellaccio, showed them to one of her Hollywood connections, who said, "Now he is a photographer." The model took great pleasure in telling him, "This happens to be a lady".  From that point on, Dellaccio was seen as  a symbol of gender equality and excellence in the music/photography industry. "Anything they'd ask – 'Oh yes, I can do that,'" Dellaccio said. "And I would do it." In 1958, she joined her brother Paul on a tour of the South Sea Islands and took along her Leica, capturing one of her most cherished images, of the Tasman Sea. The fashion gig lasted ten years, ending when Carl was offered a job with the Tacoma, Washington Public Schools district in 1961. The couple moved to nearby Gig Harbor. In 1962 the Tacoma Art Museum exhibited some of Dellaccio's work, including fashion photos and pictures taken on the South Pacific excursion.

Rock and roll photographer

By 1964 the members of one of the Northwest's most popular rock bands, the Wailers, based in Tacoma, were looking to upgrade the quality of the cover art of their records, which they released on their own label, Etiquette Records. They contacted graphic designer John Vlahovich, who recommended they speak to promotions-man Barrie R. Jackson. Jackson had seen Dellaccio's exhibit at the Tacoma Art Museum, and suggested that they ask her to do the album cover shoot. She agreed, but instead of photographing them at her home studio, she had them walk around a local park. The resultant photos were used on the Vlahovich-designed cover of the album Wailers, Wailers, Everywhere, which was a regional best-seller. Dellaccio was soon in high demand, her photographic style seeming to have captured what DJ and concert impresario Pat O'Day described as "the Northwest cool".

Although twenty or more years older than most of her subjects, Dellaccio felt an affinity for the Northwest's rough-edged proto-punk music scene and its characters. Avoiding the standard, formal studio techniques of the time, she frequently photographed bands outdoors, and utilized the unique background of the Pacific Northwest as the frame for her album cover shoots. "I started doing pictures, started getting inspired. Because I could see how beautiful these kids looked out in the trees," she said. Dellaccio's signature approach was to have the bands climbing trees, peering through the mist, or surrounded by great works of architecture and sculpture in their Beatle boots. The intrinsic weather, namely the mist, of the Northwest was a recurring feature in her photography. Her black-and-white images of sharply-dressed young musicians, sometimes clowning but more often skulking in naturally beautiful settings created an unusual and distinctive look. Dellaccio did not limit her work to the outdoors. She utilized a variety of different spaces. Her in-studio work often made use of moody lighting and staggered, non-uniform poses. Her photography also featured locations such as the University of Washington, where she photographed musicians at iconic sites such as Red Square, Suzzallo Library, and the 4 Pillars. Her unique style placed her firmly in the vanguard of a new and more creative style of commercial photography that would take root in the late 1960s and 1970s.

Among the dozens of Northwest bands she photographed were Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts, Paul Revere and the Raiders, the Galaxies, Don and the Goodtimes, Mr. Lucky and the Gamblers, the Bootmen, the Bards, the Daily Flash, Emergency Exit, Bodine, and City Zu. Her images of the Sonics and the Wailers, in particular, have become garage-rock icons.

In addition to session work, Dellaccio's attraction to the burgeoning music scene led her to documenting live performances by both regional acts and touring stars such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, the Who, Herman's Hermits, the Shangri-Las, the Lovin' Spoonful, the Beach Boys, the Mamas and the Papas, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Johnny Rivers, and others. Recalled Wailers bassist Buck Ormsby: "[She was] asked to do some publicity shots. The next thing I know, she's taking pictures of everyone: the Wailers, Sonics, everyone. And it wasn't that she just started shooting publicity shots, she was going to gigs, hanging out; it was like she just fell in love with the music."

As notice of Dellaccio's skills spread, she occasionally travelled to California for jobs, including a memorable 1967 session with Neil Young, which was featured in Neal Young News, 2009. "[Jini] said, 'If you get on the roof, we'd have the sky.' So he said, 'I can get up there all right. Now what?' And [Jini] said, 'Fly like a bird.'"

She continued regularly photographing bands and musicians into the 1970s.

Later life and career

In the 1980s, Jini and Carl Dellaccio moved to a retirement community in Sequim, Washington, and then to Arizona in 1991. Shortly after the move to Arizona Carl suffered a major stroke. Jini cared for him for thirteen years, until his death on September 7, 2004. "[Jini] said, 'I'm so lucky I found you. And I want to tell you, you don't need to worry about me. I'm going to start doing pictures again,'" Jini said. "And when I said that to [Carl], I leaned back to get a better look at his expression. Lo and behold, a little smile on this one side of his face."

Beginning in the late '80s, there have been several retrospective exhibitions of her work. Her Aim Is True, a documentary on her life and work by British filmmaker Karen Whitehead, had its world premiere at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 26, 2013.

Dellaccio later switched to a Hasselblad digital camera. She continued to honor her promise to Carl through her photography. Jini died at age 97, on July 3, 2014, in Seattle.

References

External links
 Jini Dellaccio Collection (official site), includes examples of Dellaccio's photography and short samples of music by several 1960s Pacific Northwest bands she photographed.
 Her Aim is True, official site of documentary about Dellaccio, includes trailer
 Rock & Roll: Jini Dellaccio, gallery, Photo Center NW exhibit November 1 – December 16, 2011

1917 births
2014 deaths
Rock music photographers
American photographers
American women photographers
People from Gig Harbor, Washington
21st-century American women

Jini Dellaccio


Givi Kandareli (Georgian: გივი ყანდარელი) (February 21, 1933 – June 7, 2006) was a famous Georgian painter, one of the premier tapestry and watercolor artists and creator of Georgian school of Gobelin Tapestry.

Life and work
Givi Kandareli was born in Sagarejo, Georgia in 1933. He graduated from the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts in 1956 with the degree of ceramics artist, although he completed his master's degree in class of Professor Niko Gomelauri in 1960. Since 1960, he became a teacher of Ceramic Arts in the Academy of Fine Arts in Tbilisi.

In 1965-1966, he went to Prague where he finished his post-graduate studies at the  State School of Fine Arts UMPRUM  in the class of Professor Antonin Kibal.

Since 1973, he held a concurrent post as a lecturer of watercolor painting at the Department of Architecture of Georgian State Technical University.

In 1975, he became Elected Secretary of Georgian Artist Association of USSR. Same year his work "Weaving Girls" won the annual award of Georgian Artist Association for Best Work.

In 1977, his Four Seasons and Bread won the annual award of Georgian Artist Association for Best Work. That same year, he held solo exhibition in Saarbrücken, Germany.

In 1978 ,his Weaving Girls won the special award of USSR National Academy of Arts and his work was selected for International Textile Art Triennial Exhibition in Łódź, Poland.

In 1980, he was awarded with title of Honoured Art Worker and held solo exhibition in Tbilisi.

In 1982 his work Dream of Pirosmani was selected for the International Tapestry Bienalle held in Lausanne, Switzerland. Same year he held solo exhibition in Nantes, France.

In 1983, Givi Kandareli was awarded with USSR State Prize For Literature And Arts and held solo exhibitions in Spain.

In 1986 he became Chief of Tapestry Department of Tbilisi Academy of Fine Arts. Next year he acquired the academic title of Professor. 1988 - solo exhibition in Chicago, United States.

In 1990, he was appointed lecturer of Gobelin at the Academy of Arts and Design of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China.

In 1994, Kandareli had a solo exhibition in Palermo, Italy.

Since 1995, he was appointed Professor of the Studio of Dyeing and Weaving Arts and Folk Arts of the National University of Arts and Culture in Tbilisi.

In 1998, he was Elected member of Georgian Academy of Sciences.

In 1999, Kandareli had a solo exhibition in Tbilisi.

In 2000, he became appointed lecturer and invited Professor at the Academy of Arts and Crafts of Shandong Province in China. His works were selected for International Fiberart Bienalle Exhibition (IFBE) From Lausanne to Beijing.

In 2002, he became appointed lecturer and invited Professor at the Heilongjiang University in China, same year his works were selected for IFBE.

In 2003, was held his last lifetime solo exhibition in Tbilisi.

In 2004, his works once more were selected for IFBE.

Art

Literature
 Татьяна Стриженова. Мастера советского искусства. Гиви Кандарели. Гобелен. Изд. "Советский художник". Москва, 1981.
 Zhan Chen. Givi Kandareli. Art collection. "Artron". Beijing, 2004.

External links
Textiles In Georgia
China FiberArt
International Textile Art Triennial Exhibition, Lodz, Poland

Artists from Georgia (country)
Modern artists
1933 births
2006 deaths
Tbilisi State Academy of Arts alumni
Academic staff of the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts
Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague alumni

Givi Kandareli


Oxypetalum coeruleum is a species of flowering plant, native to South America from southern Brazil to Uruguay. The synonymous name Tweedia caerulea is also used. Growing to  long, it is a straggling evergreen perennial with heart shaped, gray-green, downy leaves. It is grown for its clear pale blue, star-shaped flowers, which are long lasting and cut well. The summer flowers age to purple and are followed by  long, boat-shaped seed pods. The seeds have downy parachute-like tufts (cypsela).

The cultivar 'Alba' has white flowers, while 'Rosea' has pink flowers.

Oxypetalum  coeruleum requires full sun in a well-drained soil that is dry. Propagation is via seed. With a minimum temperature range of , it can be grown outdoors in a frost-free, sheltered environment. Alternatively it can be grown as an annual.

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

References

Asclepiadoideae
Flora of Southern America
Garden plants

Oxypetalum coeruleum


Bruce Bennett Lawrence  is the Nancy and Jeffrey Marcus Humanities Professor of Religion at Duke University. He has taught at Duke since 1971.

Education
A graduate of Fay School and Princeton University, with a Master of Divinity from Episcopal Divinity School (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA), he earned his doctorate at Yale University in History of Religions. There he was trained to engage West Asia (aka the Middle East) and South Asia, with particular reference to the cultures and languages, the history and religious practices marked as Muslim. But he also concerns himself with the non-Muslim religious traditions of Asia, especially Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, at the same time that he pursues the turbulent reconnections of Europe to Asia forged in colonial, then post-colonial encounters.

Writing
His early books explored the intellectual and social history of Asian Muslims. Shahrastani on the Indian Religions (1976) was followed by Notes from a Distant Flute (1978), The Rose and the Rock (1979) and Ibn Khaldun and Islamic Ideology (1984).

Since the mid-1980s, he has been concerned with the interplay between religion and ideology. The test case of fundamentalism became the topic of his award-winning monograph, Defenders of God: The Fundamentalist Revolt against the Modern Age (1989/1995). A parallel but more limited enquiry informed his latest monograph, Shattering the Myth: Islam beyond Violence (1998/2000). It is the thorny issue of religious pluralism and diasporic communities that guide his monograph on Asian religions in America (Columbia University Press, November 2002). New Faiths/Old Fears concerns Asian religions in America, especially since 1965; it examines the challenge of their spiritual practices to North American norms and values.

He has also written three collaborative works with colleagues from the Triangle area. The first, Beyond Turk and Hindu: Contesting Islamicate India, was edited with Professor David Gilmartin of North Carolina State University, and published by the University Press of Florida in December 2000 (with an Indian edition in September 2002). The other was co-written with Professor Carl Ernst of the University of North Carolina. Sufi Martyrs to Love: The Chishti Brotherhood in South Asia and Beyond, was published from Palgrave Press, also in November 2002.

Most recently, with his Duke colleague and spouse, Dr. Miriam Cooke of Asian and African Languages and Literatures, he has co-edited Muslim Networks from Hajj to Hip Hop, published in March 2005 from UNC Press in a series that he also co-edits, with Professor Ernst, on Islamic civilization and Muslim Networks.

References

External links
Lawrence, Bruce B.; Debating Civilizations
Duke Islamic Studies Center

1941 births
Living people
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Duke University faculty
Episcopal Divinity School alumni
Fay School alumni
American historians of Islam
People from Newton, New Jersey
Princeton University alumni
Historians from New Jersey
20th-century American male writers

Bruce Lawrence