Artisten (aka Harry Piel's 100. film or Prince of the arena) is a German circus movie from 1934 to 1935 starring Susi Lanner, Hans Junkermann, Hilde Hildebrand and Harry Piel, who also acted as director. The screenplay was written by Max W. Kimmich after the silent movie The secret of the circus Barré.

Plot
The famous artist Harry Peters works on his new vaudeville act at the "Tivoli" music hall. He is assisted by Hella Stoll, who is his foster daughter since her parents, friends of Harry, died years ago. At the premiere of his new act, Harry surprisingly meets his old friend Franz Hofer from Vienna, an agent who also knew Hella as a child. He recognizes immediately that the little girl from the past has turned into a pretty young lady who is deeply in love with her foster father. Harry himself seems to be quite unaware of that. Instead, he finds himself stalked by beautiful Vera Leander, who follows him everywhere. After much hesitation, Harry is so trapped by her that he not only disregards his job, but also neglects Hella. But after a nearly fatal accident during a dangerous showact, he comes to his senses again and wants to return to Hella. When he recognizes that she has disappeared from the music hall, he suspects she has run away with a magician called Morelli. Furiously, he starts looking for them. He finally finds Morelli backstage, just dyeing his hair. To Harry's surprise, the magician turns out to be a certain Baraloff, the business manager of circus Stoll, the travelling circus that belonged to Hella's parents. He had at that time run away after stealing all the money, and the following alarmus and excursions had finally led to the fatal accident of Hella's parents. Now he can be arrested at last. Harry hands him over to the police and goes on looking for his foster daughter. Finally, he finds her at Hofer's flat, where they talk things out and in the end become a couple.

Shooting
The film was produced within three weeks, from 7 December 1934, to the end of the month by the Berlin Ariel film company. Most interiors were shot at the company's studios in Berlin-Johannisthal, while the location shots were produced in Dresden and Berlin. In Dresden, Harry Peel had rented the giant building of the former circus Sarrasani. Parts of the scenes shot there were filmed publicly, and drew a big audience. The money that was collected this way was given to the Winterhilfswerk. Later on, the shooting was completed at circus Busch in Berlin. The final movie passed censorship on 1 March 1935 and made its debut on 12 March. It was awarded "artificially valuable" by film checkers of the propaganda ministry. Whether it has been banned after the downfall of the Third Reich, is quite unknown. In 1963, it was developed via DFF, the TV programme of the German Democratic Republic. Nine years later, in 1972, another TV version was broadcast by the West German ZDF.

Sources
Klaus, Ulrich J.: German sound films. Encyclopedia of the full-length German speaking feature films, sorted by their first showings. / Ulrich J. Klaus. - Berlin [et al.]: Klaus-archive, 1935

External links

1935 films
Films of Nazi Germany
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Harry Piel
Circus films
German adventure drama films
1930s adventure drama films
1935 romantic drama films
German romantic drama films
1930s German films

Artisten


The Lymington branch line is a short line running between Brockenhurst and Lymington Pier. The line is operated by South West Trains. There is a station in between called Lymington Town. The short length of track between Lymington Town and Lymington Pier has a line speed of 20mph.

Preserved 421cig Units
The two preserved 421cig units make the line a popluar destination for rail-fans. Unit 1497 "Freshwater" was painted in British Rail White and Blue while 1498 "Farringford" was painted in BR Green. The units were given names of places on the Isle of Wight as they only ran on this line. Until 22 May 22 2010 they were the only EMU slamdoor units still in operation anywhere in Britain.

Future of the Branch Line
The line is now operated by 158/9 sprinter units. This means the 750Volt DC electric has no longer got a use. This may seem strange as most parts of the country are electrifiying lines. The reason for this is that 450 units have 4 cars  which are too long for Lymington Town Station. And South West Trains are not willing to remove a coach from a 450 unit. The only solution then is to use DMU 3 car sprinter units.

Railway lines of England

Lymington Branch Line


Renewable Electricity and the Grid: The Challenge of Variability is a 2007 book edited by Godfrey Boyle which examines the significance of the issue of variability of renewable energy supplies in the electricity grid.

Themes
The energy available from sun, wind, waves, and tides varies in ways which may not match variations in consumer energy demand. Assimilating these fluctuations can affect the operation and economics of electricity networks and markets. There are many myths and misunderstandings surrounding this topic. Renewable Electricity and the Grid presents technical and operational solutions to the problem of reconciling the differing patterns of power supply and demand.

Authors
Chapters of Renewable Electricity and the Grid are authored by leading experts, who explain and quantify the impacts of  renewable energy variability.  Godfrey Boyle (editor) is Director of the Energy and Environment Research Unit at the UK Open University and has written the textbooks Energy Systems and Sustainability (2003) and Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future (2004). He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology and a Trustee of the National Energy Foundation.

Other authors include:
Dr Bob Everett, open University,
Dr Mark Barret, Open University,
Dr Fred Starr, EU Energy Center at Petten
Dave Andrews, Wessex Water, Energy Manager
Brian Hurley - Airtricity

See also

 List of books about energy issues
 100% renewable energy
 Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy
 Concentrated solar power
 Control of the National Grid
 Demand response
 Distributed generation
 Energy security and renewable technology
 Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom
 Hybrid renewable energy system
 Load management
 National Grid Reserve Service
 Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources
 Renewable energy
 Solar energy
 Wind power

References

Energy policy
2007 non-fiction books
2007 in the environment
Electric power distribution
Renewable energy commercialization
Books about energy issues

Renewable Electricity and the Grid


, also known as Doraemon and the Empire of the Sun, is a 2000 Japanese animated science fantasy adventure film, which premiered on March 7, 2000, in Japan, based on the 20th volume of the same name of the Doraemon Long Stories series. It's story is an alteration of the story The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain as the two main characters switch places. It was premiered together with the Doraemon short film Doki Doki Wildcat Engine (ドラえもんズ ドキドキ機関車大爆走!) and Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections. It was a successful film at the box office, grossing around ¥3.42 billion ($32 million), becoming the highest grossing Doraemon film of the original series. It's the 21st Doraemon film. The film celebrates 30 years of the Doraemon franchise. This is the last old millennium and old century era Doraemon movie, released ten months before the early new millennium, new century, and new year era begins.

Plot
A Mesoamerican kingdom, called Mayana, is ruled by a queen until an evil witch, Ledina, casts a spell putting her into an eternal sleep. Until the queen awakes, the throne is passed to her young son, Prince Tio. Present-timeline in Japan, Nobita and his friends are rehearsing for a school play based on Snow White with Doraemon's gadgets, but a series of miscasts halt their progress. Gian selfishly takes the gadgets to perform on an imaginary stadium, leading to Doraemon, Nobita, and Shizuka's attempt to take them back through a time portal. Gian's violent reaction breaks the portal, unknowingly connecting it to a tree in the forests of Mayana. Tio's pet jerboa-like creature, Popol ransacks Nobita's room and spreads his test papers throughout the forest, forcing Nobita and Doraemon to cross the portal to collect them.

Along the way, Nobita is cornered by Tio until both land on a mud lake; to his surprise, he finds out that both of them look-alike. The three attempt to escape through the portal, but Nobita lags behind and gets captured by the kingdom guards, who mistake him for Tio. Tio himself, amazed by the "magic" of present-day technology, decides that he will temporarily switch roles with Nobita for several days, which Doraemon reluctantly agrees. At Mayana, culture shock and unexpected demands for a prince to wage war are Nobita's initial hardships while assuming Tio's role. However, Nobita astonishes the masses and Tio's associates with his friendly nature, as they had to face their prince's usual pride and rudeness. Using Doraemon's gadgets, he helps the poor kingdom, cursed by Ledina, by manipulating the weather, further amazing the people.

Nobita befriends Tio's childhood friend, Kuku, whose father, Ishumaru, serves as Tio's battle tutor. Kuku, long having had a crush on Tio, is pleased by "Tio's" change of attitude when Nobita accepts her offer to make him a necklace. Meanwhile, Tio's surly and violent tendencies constantly causes problems and eventually annoys even the likes of Shizuka, causing Doraemon to expose the secret. With Tio returning to Mayana alongside Doraemon, Shizuka, Gian, and Suneo, Nobita is forced to wear a woman's attire so as to not confuse the others. Gian offers to become Ishumaru's student and Nobita helps Tio win a match in a ball game. After Nobita and his friends' departure, Kuku presents her necklace for Tio, who harshly rejects it, leading her to run away crying.

However, Tio suddenly remembers Shizuka calling him out on his behavior while posing as Nobita and runs after Kuku to apologize. As Kuku cries near the river, Ledina's animal-controlling henchman kidnap her to lure Tio at her palace. The next day, Tio and Ishumaru stage Kuku's rescue, accompanied by Nobita, now wearing the prince attire back as well as the necklace given to him by Kuku, and his friends. While attempting to escape a snake pit, Ishumaru seemingly falls to his death. Unbeknownst to the group, Ledina sees that Tio disobeyed her demand to come alone at her palace and decides to eliminate the others. The group is then attacked by the henchman who kidnapped Kuku at the river, where Tio is kidnapped by an eagle and falls into the jungle. The others successfully manage to defeat the henchman when Doraemon feeds a special kind of bubblegum to the man's crocodile steed, which upon consuming the gum has its belly inflated and floats up to the sky.

While trying to find Tio, an illusion-causing underling of Ledina informs the group that Kuku will be sacrificed at Ledina's pyramid-shaped temple. The group move onto the pyramid where they are attacked and eventually defeat Ledina's illusion-causing henchman. Ledina tells "Tio" to come to her as a sacrifice for restoring her youth during the solar eclipse in exchange for Kuku's life. Ledina demands the group not to get in her way, and she burns Doraemon's four-dimensional pocket with her powers and sends out her warrior henchman who attacks Gian. A fight ensues, but Ishumaru, having survived his fall, comes to Gian's aid and defeats the warrior. Nobita seemingly offers himself, but reveals that he had a spare pocket and uses a switching handkerchief to replace Kuku with a stone statue before attempting to escape.

Enraged at his attempt to resist her, Ledina captures Nobita, but the people of Mayana arrive to save "Tio". Ledina is unimpressed by this and is about to kill Nobita, but Tio, having survived his fall, reveals himself and offers to sacrifice himself for Nobita who taught him about friendship. Unfortunately, Ledina sees that she's running out of time and decides to just use Nobita, but the sun shines on Kuku's necklace which sends out a blinding light on Ledina giving him a chance to be freed from her grasp and throw Doraemon the spare pocket. Ledina's ritual soon fails and reveals her true, elderly appearance. She activates the temple's self-destruct system in one final attempt to kill Tio, but he and Nobita are saved by Ledina's condor, turned friendly by Doraemon's Momotaro dangos.

Kuku is successfully rescued, though she remains in an enchanted sleep. Shizuka suggests that she can only be woken up by her prince, akin to the ending of Snow White. Tio heeds and kisses Kuku, freeing her from the spell. The queen, having awoken from her sleep, announces that Tio will succeed her as king. To their dismay, Nobita and his friends find out that the portal is weakening and likely unable to connect with Maya again. Without Tio's presence, Nobita bids his last farewell to him.

Cast

References

External links
 Doraemon The Movie 25th page

2000 films
2000 anime films
Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King
Films directed by Tsutomu Shibayama
Animated films set in Mexico
Animated films about friendship
Films based on The Prince and the Pauper
Animated films based on Snow White
2000s children's animated films

Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King


The Dragonbone Chair is a fantasy novel by American writer Tad Williams, the first in his Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn trilogy. The saga follows a young man named Simon as he is caught up in an epic adventure.

Plot introduction
The story takes place on the fictional fantasy world of Osten Ard. The history of the world and the races present in Osten Ard have a great impact on the current events in the books.
Thousands of years ago the long-lived Gardenborn arrived in the land, fleeing a cataclysm. They were three tribes, the Zida'ya (commonly called Sithi), the Hikeda'ya (also called Norns) and the Tinukeda'ya (known as Dwarrows and Niskies). In Osten Ard the Gardenborn prospered and they built nine great cities of tremendous beauty. The first two tribes had ruled the third in their ancestral home called the Garden, but in Osten Ard the Tinukeda'ya went their own way, developing into two separate tribes, the seafaring Niskies and the earth-dwelling Dwarrows. The other two tribes also split ways, making a pact at Sesuad'ra, the Stone of Farewell. Their main subject of argument was the appearance of Men or mortals in Osten Ard. The Zida'ya were content to leave Men alone to go their own way, as long as they didn't trespass in Sithi lands. The Hikeda'ya were of the opinion that the mortals had to be wiped out or driven from Osten Ard. The Norns and their fell queen Utuk'u, eldest and most powerful of the Gardenborn, removed to the north of the world, taking the two northernmost cities for their own. Three cities were also given to the Tinukeda'ya; one was sea-bound Jhina't'senei which went to the Niskies and the other two were deep under the earth which went to the Dwarrows, the smaller tribe of the Tinukeda'ya. In the greatest of them all, Asu'a, the High King ruled.

But Men began to prosper and advance and the sea empire of Nabban rose and fell without it disturbing the Gardenborn. The Sithi also had great friendship with the Hernystiri of the west. Then the Rimmersmen came with iron and to them the Gardenborn were devils and demons, to be killed on sight. Unfortunately the Gardenborn suffer from a severe allergy to iron and even with their magics and their own iron-hard witchwood weapons, they were beaten back, one after the other. The Hernystiri were the only ones who stood by the Sithi in the final battle where both armies were destroyed. The remaining Sithi withdrew to Asu'a and there awaited the end. Ineluki, the King's younger son, wove terrible magic at the end with five of his servants and there they and Asu'a were destroyed. However, the spell gave the remaining Sithi time to flee to Aldheorte forest, where they continued to live in secrecy.

During the five hundred years that followed the fall of Asu'a, six different kings ruled in the castle built on the Sithi ruins, called Hayholt. The latest of these is king John Presbyter, who is dying as the story opens.

Simon is an ordinary scullery boy who is taken under the tutelage of Morgenes. When King John Presbyter dies and his son Elias ascends the throne, the way opens for a long-dormant evil to enter the realm. Elias, driven by his evil advisor, moves to eliminate his brother Josua. Caught in the struggle, Simon is forced to flee as best he can, and the young man soon finds himself taking part in adventures he had only dreamed of.

Plot summary
Simon, a fourteen-year-old kitchen boy and servant in the great castle Hayholt, muddles his way through the daily routines of castle drudgery in the last days of the long reign of King John Presbyter. Simon is thrilled when luck turns his way and he finds himself apprenticed to the good Doctor Morgenes, the castle's healer and wizard, after which Simon alternates his time between his menial chores and learning to read and write, under instruction by the doctor.  Shortly after the death of the great King John, his son Elias, whom many say is a pawn of the evil cleric Pryrates, takes the throne.  Shortly afterwards, King Elias's brother Josua mysteriously disappears, and the new reign begins to curdle in suspicion and discontent.  Elias, blinded by his desire for power, creates a pact with the undead Sithi ruler, the Storm King, who himself seeks to regain his lost realm through a pact with one of human royal blood.

When Simon accidentally stumbles into the castle dungeons, he discovers that Prince Josua is being held captive, so he and Morgenes conspire to rescue the prince. Simon and Morgenes are successful, and Josua is able to flee the castle. Soon after, Elias's soldiers, led by Pryrates, storm Morgenes's office. Morgenes is slain by a dark magic, and Simon is able to flee the castle through a secret passage at the back of the doctor's office. Armed only with his mentor's biography of the good King John, Simon is lost and despondent.

After endless hours in the tunnels beneath Hayholt, which is actually the remains of the Sithi castle, Asu'a, Simon stumbles back into the open beyond the castle and town. There, he accidentally witnesses a scene of evil magic involving the king, Pryrates and a few white-faced and white-haired demons. Horrified, he stumbles through the woods on the road north towards Naglimund, the seat of Prince Josua. About halfway to Naglimund, he stumbles upon a strange creature, caught in a cotsman's trap. Simon realizes it must be one of the Sithi, an elven-like folk who was thought to have disappeared from the lands. He rescues him from the trap and in answer is shot at with a white arrow. At that moment, he encounters a troll by the name of Binabik. Binabik tells Simon that the white arrow is a symbol of an obligation towards Simon, and together they travel further towards Naglimund.

While traveling through the Aldheorte forest, they save a young servant girl and her sister from vicious hounds. They travel to Geloë, a witch who helps them escape the soldiers pursuing them. While in her house, Simon, Binabik and Geloë also walk the Dreamroad to try to find answers but only find enemies waiting. They finally reach Naglimund, where they meet with Prince Josua. Simon begins training to be a soldier, as it is common knowledge that Elias is leading an army towards Naglimund. Whilst having a raed [council], an old man appears: Jarnauga. There, the travelers learn of the existence of three legendary swords by the names of Minneyar (or "Year of Memory"), Sorrow, and Thorn. The magic of these swords is the only hope against the combined power of the two High Kings, the ancient Sithi and the new-crowned human, who already have possession of at least one of the swords. They also learn the history of the Sithi and the Storm King, and of the existence of Utuk'u, Queen of the Norns, who are the northern cousins of the Sithi. It is then that Simon realizes that his vision of the dark magic just after his escape from Hayhold was no vision at all but an actual event, and that the white-faced demons were actually Norns. In Naglimund, Simon also learns of a small group of scholars known as the League of the Scroll, of which Morgenes was a member and of which Jarnauga and Binabik are also members. Binabik is only a recent member, after the death of his master Ookequk. Recognizing the true danger facing the land of Osten Ard, only the League holds the knowledge of times past, which may be the only hope of salvation for young Simon and his friends. To Simon's dismay he also finds out that Marya the serving girl whom they saved is actually Miriamele, only child and daughter of King Elias, who had fled her father's madness to join her uncle's cause.

They learn then that the black sword Thorn, once belonging to Camaris the greatest knight of history, is not lost in the depths of the sea, as once thought. It may still exist in the frozen heights to the north, near Binabik's ancestral home.

Simon and Binabik join a group of soldiers to go to the far north to recover the magical blade. Along the way they run into Sithi and the one that Simon saved turns out to be the son of the ruling House named Jiriki. Together with An'nai, one of his kinsmen, the Sitha prince joins their quest to the north and helps them survive several dangers. Eventually, Simon and his small company reach the icy mountains which are home to the powerful sword. Simon discovers the blade but shortly afterwards the troupe is attacked by a fierce iceworm, Igjarjuk. Simon, despite his fears, bravely tries to fight it off, suffering a wound in the process.

As the novel progresses, the narrative widens, giving the reader secondary viewpoints besides those of Simon. Some of the side stories, which have great importance nonetheless, include those of Isgrimnur, Duke of Rimmersgard; Maegwin, the daughter of the Hernystiri client king; and Tiamak, a scribe in the marshes of the distant South.

Miriamele, the king's daughter, fled to her uncle in Naglimund. His protectiveness of her frustrates her however, so she flees Naglimund before its fall towards her kin in Nabban, intending to win their allegiance. A drunken monk named Cadrach travels with her; he has many secrets and a mysterious past. Isgrimmnur is sent after Miriamele to ensure her safety and return her to Josua.

In Hernystir, the king and his son are slain and their people driven into hiding in the mountains. There, Count Eolair attempts to assist Maegwin the king's daughter but she is sinking into madness while trying to find a way to save her people.

The book ends with the fall of Naglimund: after King Elias accepted the Storm King's terms and bargain, a host of Norns, giants, and undead servants of the Storm King arrive and utterly destroy the castle. Josua escapes with only 11 other people, amongst them Deornoth, his sworn sword, and Gutrun and Isorn, wife and son of Isgrimmnur. Simon opens his eyes after the dragon to find his face bearing a long burn scar and a swath of hair turned white.

External links
 Tad Williams' web site

 Review by J.K. Pelletier, Jan. 2011
 In-depth re-read with notes and quotes

1988 American novels
1988 fantasy novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by Tad Williams
Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn
Modern Arthurian fiction
DAW Books books
Books with cover art by Michael Whelan

The Dragonbone Chair


Bandi chhod diwas ("Day of Liberation") is a festival of Sikhs celebrated on Deepavali. As per the name bandi means "imprisoned" and chhod refers to "release". On this day 6th guru of Sikhs Sri Guru Hargobind Ji had got success in giving freedom to the prisoner kings who were living in the jail of Gwalior fort. On this day Sikh people go to gurudwara and listen kirtan and eat langar there. They celebrate this day very happily and clean their houses, shops and decorate them with lamp, candles. They distribute sweets to neighbours and poor people. Bandi Chhor Diwas is usually celebrated in October or November, depending on the lunar calendar, or the 'Desi months'.

Festivals in India
Sikh festivals

Bandi Chhor Divas


Gregory Heisler (born 1954) is a professional photographer known for his evocative portrait work often found on the cover of magazines, such as Time, for which he has produced a number of Man, Person, and People of the Year covers.

Heisler once had his White House photographer privileges revoked after taking a photograph of President George H. W. Bush for Time magazine in which Heisler used in camera techniques of double exposure to show what the cover labeled the two faces of Bush. The president was unaware of this photographic technique being used at the time of the shot. Bush press secretary Marlin Fitzwater later wrote about his own anger over this incident in his memoir Call the Briefing! Heisler's trade group protested the ban because it was based on an editorial opinion that was expressed. Heisler has since taken photographs of President George W. Bush.

Among the awards Heisler has received are:
1986 ASMP Corporate Photographer of the Year,
1988 Leica Medal of Excellence,
1991 World Image Award,
2000 Alfred Eisenstaedt Award

In September 2009 Gregory Heisler took a position as Artist-in-Residence at the Hallmark Institute of Photography in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. He acted as a teacher and liaison between the students and world of professional photography, expanding their present curriculum, and providing the students with necessary skills and techniques the school did not previously teach.

Heisler has now joined the Multimedia Photography & Design program at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University as a distinguished professor of photography, according to an announcement by the NPPA on April 25, 2014.

References

External links

Living people
American portrait photographers
1954 births
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American male artists
21st-century American photographers
21st-century American male artists

Gregory Heisler


The House of Lorraine was a family from the Duchy of Lorraine in modern day France. The family ruled the small duchy of Lorraine. They later ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was married to a Duke of Lorraine. Thus joined the house of Lorraine with the House of Habsburg. The House of Habsburg was very powerful.

The House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe. Currently the house is headed by Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the titular Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Croatia, Illyria, as well as the titular King of Jerusalem.

House of Lorraine


Benjamin Talbot Babbitt (May 1, 1809 – October 20, 1889) was a self-made American businessman and inventor who amassed a fortune in the soap industry, manufacturing Babbitt's Best Soap.

Early life

Benjamin Babbitt was born in Westmoreland, New York on May 1, 1809.  His parents were Betsey (Holman) Babbitt, and Nathaniel Babbitt, a blacksmith, tavern owner and ensign in the militia of Oneida County, New York.  As a child, he attended public school and worked on the family farm. He "possessed a most ingenious and inquiring disposition", and by the time he was twenty he was working in a machine shop and had learned the trades of wheelwright, machinist and file maker. He took an interest in and studied chemistry from a professor who visited the workshop occasionally to give instruction to the workmen.

By age 22 Babbitt had enough money to open his first machine shop in Little Falls, where for 12 years, he manufactured pumps and engines. During this time he invented a practicable and economical mowing machine, one of the first made in America. His business was destroyed by a flood in 1834, but he persevered.

Manufacturing

Babbitt moved to New York City, where he began to manufacture "saleratus" (or sodium bicarbonate, commonly called baking soda). He used a process which he invented, and sold the product in small, convenient and well marked packages.  He packaged and marketed his product so well that he quickly controlled most of the sodium bicarbonate market.  He started producing a baking powder, a soap powder and several varieties of soap, all of them also successfully marketed well, and very popular. In 1851, he became the first to manufacture and market soap in individual bars, which he packaged attractively and added a claim of quality. He took the ordinary and proved it could be turned into a marketable product.  He, along with others like him, helped change American merchandising.

Babbitt invented most of the machinery he used in his production plants.  He owned extensive iron works and machine shops in Whitesboro, New York. He held more than 100 patents. In addition to inventions concerning his own field of business, his invention ideas ranged from wind motors, to gun barrels, armor plate, ventilators, steam engine appliances, canal boats and artificial icemakers.

Advertising

Babbitt became known as a genius of advertising. He rivaled his friend P. T. Barnum in originality and success, becoming a household name throughout the U.S.

His soap was one of the first nationally advertised products. The soap was sold from brightly painted street cars with musicians, which helped lead the phrase "get on the bandwagon."  Babbitt was the first manufacturer to offer tours of his factories and one of the first to give away free samples.  He used the  advertising slogans, "Soap for all nations" and "Cleanliness is the scale of civilization".

Embezzlement
In the 1870s, Babbitt and his business were embroiled in a major embezzlement case. Two trusted employees were charged and eventually convicted of having stolen some $200,000 to $300,000 from Babbitt over a period of several years. The case attracted extensive public attention.

Death and legacy
Babbitt died October 20, 1889, and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New York. He was survived by his wife, Rebecca McDuffie Babbitt (1820 - 1894) and his two daughters, Ida Babbitt Hyde and  Lillia Babbitt Hyde (1856–1939), to whom he left one half of his $5,000,000 estate as well as the controlling interest in his company. Lillia established The Lillia Babbitt Hyde Foundation in 1924, and served as its president until her death in 1939. The bulk of her estate was left to the Foundation, raising the value of its assets as of June 1941, to approximately $3,200,000.

Sinclair Lewis used the Babbitt family name for the title character of his bestselling novel, Babbitt, about a vulgar and ignorant businessman, written in 1922.

Babbitt is a section of North Bergen, New Jersey named for a tract of  between Granton and Fairview purchased for factory  complex in 1904. to which the soap works relocated in 1907 from its former premises, a  facility on West Street in Lower Manhattan. becoming one of the largest soap manufacturing plants in the world.

References

External links

 List of patents at Google Patents

19th-century American inventors
Businesspeople from New York (state)
People from Westmoreland, New York
1809 births
1889 deaths
People from Whitesboro, New York
19th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Inventors from New York (state)

Benjamin T. Babbitt


Lead(IV) oxide, also known as lead dioxide, is a chemical compound. It is composed of lead in its +4 oxidation state. It is an oxidizing agent. It is a dark brown toxic powder. It is used in the lead acid battery to oxidize the lead, which generates electricity. Its chemical formula is PbO2.

Related pages
Lead
Lead acid battery

Lead compounds

Lead(IV) oxide


Ilkley railway station serves Ilkley in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  On the Wharfedale Line, it is served by Class 333 electric trains run by Northern Trains, which also manages the station.

Services
During Monday to Saturday, daytime services run to/from Leeds twice per hour and hourly to Bradford (half-hourly at peak times). In the evenings and all day on Sundays, services are hourly to/from both Leeds and Bradford Forster Square.  Sunday services to Bradford were increased to hourly in December 2017 after new Northern Rail franchise operator Arriva Rail North took over in April 2016; there will also be improvements to weekday evening services and longer trains introduced to help combat overcrowding on the route in the future as part of the new franchise specification.

History
Ilkley station was opened in August 1865 as the western terminus of the Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway (Midland and North Eastern railways). The station buildings were designed by the Chief Architect to the Midland Railway John Holloway Sanders. This railway offered two alternative routes to  - either via  and the Leeds Northern/NER line through  or via  and the former Leeds and Bradford Railway along the Aire Valley.  The Midland subsequently built a branch from the latter route to  in 1876 to provide a direct line from the town to .  A milepost on the former Platform 4 indicated that the station was 211.25 miles from London St. Pancras.

A further extension of the line opened in 1888 to Skipton via Addingham, Bolton Abbey and Embsay saw the station assume the status of a junction.  Terminating trains only used the bay Platform 1, as the lack of a facing crossover on the approach lines meant that Platform 2 was not available as a terminating road.  Platform 2 was only available as a departure road for trains that were first drawn back towards Ben Rhydding, and then shunted back into the bay.  A carriage storage siding was originally provided between Platforms 1 and 2, explaining the wide gap between the current lines in this location.  The facing crossover was finally installed during the remodelling of the station approaches in 1983, thus allowing terminating trains to directly access Platform 2.

The through lines were served by Platforms 3 (in the down direction) and 4 (up).  The lines continued through the back wall of the station and immediately crossed over Brook Street by way of a bowstring girder bridge with an  span.  This extension eventually fell victim to Dr Beeching's Reshaping of Britain's Railways report.  It was closed to passengers in March 1965 (at the same time as the route via Otley to Leeds) and to all traffic at the beginning of 1966, reducing Ilkley to a terminus once more.  The track alongside both Platforms 3 and 4 remained in place for a time following closure as a through route, with Platform 3 seeing occasional peak-time passenger use, and Platform 4 very occasional engineering use as a stabling siding.  The pedestrian subway leading from the main station concourse to Platform 4 and the back entrance of the station on Railway Road was closed in 1983 owing to the deterioration of the glass roof above it.  Much of the glass in the main roof at this side of the station was removed at this stage, and Platforms 3 and 4 were permanently closed and the track lifted.

Goods traffic was catered for by a yard comprising nine sidings and three through roads situated on the south eastern side of the station, in the area now occupied by Tesco's supermarket and car park.  A large stone built shed and attached offices was situated on one of the through lines.  A five-ton hand-cranked crane stood to the east of the shed.  The yard closed for all freight except coal on 1 February 1965, and to all traffic on 7 August 1967.  The last two wagons were removed on 9 August 1967 after which the yard sidings stood derelict until removed in the mid 1970s.

The original engine shed, dating from the opening of the line was on the site now occupied by the station car park.  In a subsequent development, a two road engine shed and two coaling sidings, together with a 50-foot (15.24 m) turntable were provided on the northern side of the approach lines, and the original facility demolished.  The new shed was some distance below the main running lines and two reversals were required to access it.  The Ilkley brewery building was also provided with a single  siding that also served as the headshunt for access to the engine shed area.  The shed itself closed in January 1959 with the introduction of DMU passenger services.

In the late 1980s, the roofed area covering the western end of the station platforms was closed in and converted into a small supermarket, the lines being shortened by around 40 metres to make room for this alteration.  The main station building was taken out of railway use and turned over to retail in May 1988.  The area between former Platforms 3 and 4 (the Skipton through lines) was infilled during electrification work and is now a carpark.  The vehicle ramp leading up from Station Road passes through the area once occupied by the coal drops at the eastern end of Platform 4.

The line was electrified at 25 kV AC in 1995, and was initially worked by three car Class 308 EMUs.  The previous latticework footbridge - constructed by Andrew Handyside and Co. in 1909 - was demolished during electrification works and replaced with the present structure which has solid sides to protect pedestrians from the overhead wires.

Ilkley is notable in that it was the last British Rail station to be lit by gas.  The gas lights were extinguished for the last time on 8 May 1988.

In November 2011, a major refurbishment of the station, which cost £625,000, was completed.  This new upgrade included the construction of a brand new station building with a ticket office, a heated waiting room and new shelters, also providing space for passengers to await trains.  Also added were new customer information screens, a comprehensive CCTV system and improved PA system, and new gates at the entrance of the station.

Station masters

James Nicholson 1865 - 1906
Thomas Wakefield 1906 - 1924
W.J. Wearn 1924 - 1930 (formerly station master at Oakham, afterwards station master at Wellingborough)
James Garner 1930 - ???? (formerly station master at Shirebrook)

Gallery

See also
Listed buildings in Ilkley

References

Railways Through Airedale & Wharfedale Martin Bairstow (2004)
The Otley & Ilkley Joint Railway FW Smith and Martin Bairstow (1992)
Railways in the Northern Dales - 1: The Skipton & Ilkley Line  FW Smith and Donald Binns (1986)

External links

Ilkley Junction signal box

Railway stations in Bradford
DfT Category D stations
Former Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1865
Northern franchise railway stations
Ilkley
John Holloway Sanders railway stations

Ilkley railway station


Dead Ahead is a concert video by the Grateful Dead.  It was recorded at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on October 30 and October 31, 1980, and released in 1981.  An expanded version was released in 2005.  In contrast to other Dead concert videos, Dead Ahead contains acoustic as well as electric song performances.

Acoustic and electric tour of 1980
In September and October 1980, the Grateful Dead did a concert tour of shows with three sets each, one acoustic set followed by two electric sets.  The acoustic sets were the first the band had performed since the early '70s aside from a few rare one-off acoustic sets in special circumstances.  The tour comprised 15 shows at The Warfield in San Francisco, 2 shows at the Saenger Theatre in New Orleans, and 8 shows at Radio City Music Hall in New York.

The following year, songs from the tour were released as two live albums, the all-acoustic Reckoning and the all-electric Dead Set.

The concert video
Dead Ahead contains songs from the last two New York concerts, October 30 and October 31, 1980.  Although the video was compiled from multiple performances, and is shorter than one of the three-set concerts, it follows the general format of one of the shows, starting with some acoustic material and proceeding to a longer section of amplified music, including a somewhat edited "Drums" and "Space".

The video also includes several sketches by the comedy team of Al Franken and Tom Davis.  These are from the final night of the tour, October 31, which was hosted by Franken and Davis, and broadcast on radio and on closed circuit TV.

Different versions of Dead Ahead
Dead Ahead was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1981.  Remastered versions of the video tape and laserdisc were issued in 1995, with a running time of 1 hour 54 minutes.  In November 2005, an expanded edition of Dead Ahead was released on DVD, with a running time of 2 hours 44 minutes.

Track listing
 "Uncle John's Band" (Garcia, Hunter); Studio version
 Introduction (Franken & Davis)
 "Bird Song" (Garcia, Hunter) — acoustic; October 31, 1980
 "On The Road Again" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead) — acoustic; October 30, 1980
 "To Lay Me Down" (Garcia, Hunter) — acoustic; October 30, 1980
 "Ripple" (Garcia, Hunter) — acoustic; October 31, 1980
 Henry Kissinger Interview (Franken & Davis)
 "Me and My Uncle" (Phillips); October 31, 1980
 "Mexicali Blues" (Weir, Barlow); October 31, 1980
 "Ramble On Rose" (Garcia, Hunter); October 31, 1980
 "Little Red Rooster" (Dixon); October 31, 1980
 A Visit Backstage (Franken & Davis)
 "Don't Ease Me In" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead); October 31, 1980
 "Lost Sailor" (Weir, Barlow); October 31, 1980
 "Saint of Circumstance" (Weir, Barlow); October 31, 1980
 "Franklin's Tower" (Garcia, Kreutzmann, Hunter); October 31, 1980
 "Drums" (Hart, Kreutzmann); October 31, 1980
 "Space" (Garcia, Weir, Lesh, Mydland); October 31, 1980
 "Fire on the Mountain" (Hart, Hunter); October 31, 1980
 "Not Fade Away" (Hardin, Petty); October 31, 1980
 "Good Lovin'" (Resnick, Clark); October 31, 1980

Expanded edition bonus tracks
 "Heaven Help the Fool" (Weir, Barlow) — acoustic instrumental; October 30, 1980
 "Shakedown Street" (Garcia, Hunter); October 30, 1980
 "Samson and Delilah" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead); October 30, 1980
 "He's Gone" (Garcia, Hunter); October 30, 1980
 "Truckin'" (Garcia, Lesh, Weir, Hunter); October 30, 1980

Notes on the recording dates:
 Most songs were only played on either October 30 or 31, with the exception of the following which were played both days:
 Ripple. It must be from October 31, because Jerry says at the end of it "Thanks a lot, see you in a little while".
 Mexicali Blues. It must be from October 31, because it is paired with Me and My Uncle. On October 30, it was paired with Mama Tried.
 Lost Sailor-Saint of Circumstance. It must be from October 31, because they used the whole second set from that show (until Not Fade Away) with segues between each song.
 Good Lovin'. It must be from October 31, because on October 30 the drums come in earlier in the introduction. Plus Bobby hits a wrong note.
 During the acoustic sets Bill and Mickey are in different positions October 30 and October 31. On October 30 Mickey is next to Phil behind Jerry. Next day Bill is next to Phil behind Jerry.

Credits

Grateful Dead
 Jerry Garcia – guitar
 Mickey Hart – drums, percussion
 Bill Kreutzmann – drums, percussion
 Phil Lesh – bass
 Brent Mydland – keyboards
 Bob Weir – guitar

Production
 Len Dell'Amico – director
 Richard Loren – producer
 John Scher – executive producer
 Dan Healy and Betty Cantor-Jackson – audio mix
 Candace Brightman – lighting and set design
 Thom Drewke – technical supervisor
 Veronica Loza – editor and production coordinator
 Dennis Larkins and Peter Barsotti – cover art
 Al Franken and Tom Davis – hosts

References

Metzger, John. Dead Ahead review, The Music Box, November 2005, Volume 12, #11
Scott, John W; Dolgushkin, Mike; Nixon, Stu. DeadBase XI: The Complete Guide to Grateful Dead Song Lists, 1999, DeadBase,

Concert films
1981 films
Grateful Dead video albums
Albums recorded at Radio City Music Hall
1980s English-language films

Grateful Dead: Dead Ahead


The 2007 Atlantic hurricane season was a time of year when tropical cyclones happened in the year 2007. The season started June 1, 2007, and ended on November 30, 2007, but the last storm did not die until December 12, 2007. Most of the storms that form in the Atlantic Ocean during the year happen between these two dates. But Subtropical Storm Andrea formed early on May 9, 2007, which was before the start of the season. This was the second time in five years that a storm formed before the season start date. Tropical Storm Ana in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season also formed before June 1.

Storms

Subtropical Storm Andrea

On May 9, a extratropical cyclone formed into Subtropical Storm Andrea while about 140 miles (225 km) southeast of Savannah, Georgia. Tropical storm watches were immediately issued for parts of coastal Georgia and Florida, though were later dropped. It is the first named storm to form in May since Arlene in the 1981 Atlantic hurricane season, and the first pre-season storm since Ana in April 2003. Later, the pattern of the system became bad with a large lowering in convection as it moved over cooler waters, and on May 10 it weakened to a subtropical depression and NHC issued its final advisory on Andrea at 11 PM EST, May 10. However, on the morning of May 11 convection flared up over the center, indicating that the cyclone might be acquiring tropical characteristics once again. However, it did not.

The storm produced rough surf along the coastline from Florida to North Carolina, causing beach erosion and some damage. One surfer drowned in Florida from the rough surf. Five people died during Andrea's initial extratropical phase.  High winds from Andrea have been reported as fueling severe wildfires in northern Florida and southern Georgia. Andrea was blamed for providing stiff winds that acted like a "chimney", fueling the blaze to firestorm levels beyond the control of firefighting officials. Strong winds from the storm spread smoke from local brush fires through the Tampa Bay area to Miami.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Subtropical Storm Andrea.

Tropical Storm Barry

On May 30, a large low pressure area formed in the Gulf of Honduras. The system slowly became stronger as it moved through the northwest Caribbean Sea into the southeast Gulf of Mexico. On June 1, the first day of the Atlantic hurricane season, this cyclone organized into Tropical Storm Barry, even thought it was in an area of high wind shear. Warnings were immediately issued along the Western Florida coastline. Barry gave much-needed rain to parts of Florida and Georgia which were experiencing drought conditions from January to May.  Barry made landfall near Tampa Bay, Florida on June 2 as a weak tropical storm. Shortly after, Barry weakened into a tropical depression as it became an extratropical storm. On June 3, the cyclone moved up the coast of the Carolinas bringing rains into the Mid-Atlantic states and New England. By June 5 its center had moved northward into Eastern Canada.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Barry.
 See the HPC's advisory archive  on Tropical Storm Barry.

Tropical Storm Chantal

An area of low pressure area formed near the Bahamas on July 28, and slowly organized while moving to the north-northeast. Late on July 30, it was upgraded to a tropical depression, the third of the season, after developing deep convection near the center for most of the day. On July 31, the system strengthened into a tropical storm south of Nova Scotia, the first storm in nearly two months after Barry. The storm quickly became extratropical late that day though as it moved towards Newfoundland over the cooler waters of the north Atlantic.

On August 1, flooding was reported from Placentia to the capital city of St. John's, where about 100 mm (4 inches) of rain held up the annual Royal St. John's Regatta. Up to 150 mm (6 inches) of rain fell in the Whitbourne area, according to Environment Canada.  The most serious flooding was across the southern Avalon Peninsula, where dozens of roads were washed out, houses were flooded above their basements and several communities were isolated.  Ferry service between Argentia and North Sydney, Nova Scotia, was stopped, and one ferry was forced to change its course to Port aux Basques.

States of emergency were declared in at least five communities in the areas surrounding Placentia Bay and Conception Bay, and the Newfoundland and Labrador Municipal Affairs Minister Jack Byrne has requested a federal disaster area declaration. Damage is estimated to be well into the millions of dollars, with at least $4 million in damage in the town of Placentia alone.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Chantal.

Hurricane Dean

A strong tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa in the second week of August. It quickly gathered itself and turned into into a low on August 12. Tropical Depression Four was made on August 13 in the east part of the Atlantic from the tropical wave to the south of Cape Verde. The depression was already having continuing deep thunderstorms, but mostly at the west part of its spinning because of wind shear from the east. The depression was supposed to become stronger a lot over the next few days due to wind shear becoming more weak and warmer sea surface temperatures which made conditions better for it to become stronger. The depression moved west very fast, south of a deep layered high, quickly running away from the shear from the east. Looking at satellite pictures and microwave and QuikSCAT information, the depression was changed to Tropical Storm Dean on August 14. It was changed to a category one then a category two hurricane on August 16, 2007. It got to category three then category four on August 17, 2007. It got to category five on August 20, 2007. Dean made landfall in the Yucatan Peninsula as a category 5.  The hurricane made another landfall in Mexico on August 22 and Dean died the next day.

Tropical Storm Erin

On August 9, an area of convection developed just south of Jamaica in association with a trough of low pressure.  The system moved west-northwestward, and by August 10 it had a broad surface trough with minimal shower activity.  Convection increased on August 11,  and by August 12 a tropical wave and an upper-level low began to merge which resulted in a large area of disorganized thunderstorms extending from the western Caribbean Sea into the central Bahamas.  Upper-level winds slowly became more beneficial for development, and on August 13 a large low pressure area formed about 90 miles (145 km) north-northeast of Cancún, Quintana Roo.  Late on August 14, a reconnaissance flight into the system reported a small circulation center, but at the time was not well-defined enough to result in the initiation of tropical cyclone advisories. However, deep convection was found near the increasingly organizing center, and at 0300 UTC on August 15 the National Hurricane Center upgraded it as Tropical Depression Five about 425 miles (685 km) southeast of Brownsville, Texas.

Looking at reconnaissance info gotten from an NOAA plane investigating the depression, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Erin on August 15.
It weakened to a tropical depression as it made landfall near Lamar, Texas, on August 16 and the NHC gave out its last advisory on the system soon after as it moved inland; but the HPC then began taking the responsibility of making advisories as long as the system was still tropical and a flood threat.

Two people were killed when a warehouse broke down in Texas. In all, 17 people died because of Erin.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Erin.
 See the HPC's advisory archive  on Tropical Storm Erin.

Hurricane Felix

On August 31, an area of weather east of the Windward Islands became strong enough, and was named Tropical Depression Six. Early on September 1, it was changed to a tropical storm and named Felix. Later that day, Felix was changed to a hurricane.  On September 2, Felix was changed to a major hurricane. Felix hit land as a category 5 in northeastern Nicaragua, making it the second hurricane in 2007 to do this. At least 133 people were killed.

Tropical Storm Gabrielle

An extratropical storm off the coast of the eastern United States was classified as Subtropical Storm Gabrielle by the National Hurricane Center late on September 7. It was later reclassified as a tropical storm on September 8. After passing over the Outer Banks of North Carolina, it weakened to a depression on September 10, and the final advisory was issued the next day as it no longer had a well-defined surface circulation.

Gabrielle poured 4-6 inches of rain in the immediate area of landfall, but reports showed minimal damage and no fatalities were reported.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Gabrielle.

Tropical Storm Ingrid

Tropical Depression Eight formed from a tropical wave 1130 mi (1815 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on September 12, just before the system that eventually became Humberto formed. It was slow to develop and became Tropical Storm Ingrid early on September 14. Shearing winds from a tropical upper tropospheric trough soon weakened the cyclone, it returned to depression strength on September 15, and the final advisory was issued on September 17 as the system degenerated into an open wave north of the Leeward Islands. Ingrid was the first storm of the 2007 season not to threaten land, and there were no reports of damage or casualties.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Ingrid.

Hurricane Humberto

Tropical Depression Nine formed from a non-tropical low in the north-western Gulf of Mexico on September 12. Three hours later it had strengthened sufficiently to be named Tropical Storm Humberto. It rapidly became a hurricane until dissipating over North Carolina. Damage is at a half a billion dollars.

Tropical Depression Ten

An extratropical low formed off the east coast of Florida on September 18. It slowly tracked westward, breaking itself away from a trough over the Atlantic while crossing the Florida Peninsula on September 19, emerging in the Gulf of Mexico on September 20. It slowly organized itself and was classified as a subtropical depression on the morning of September 21 just south of the Florida Panhandle. Three hours later, it was reclassified as fully tropical. At 8 pm EDT (0000 UTC) later that day, Tropical Depression Ten began to move onshore, and never reached tropical storm strength.

Damage from the precursor low was reported in Eustis, Florida from one or more tornadoes that damaged or destroyed about 50 houses, but caused no serious injuries.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Depression Ten

Tropical Storm Jerry

Early on September 23, a subtropical depression formed from a previously extratropical low about 1060 miles (1710 km) west of the Azores.  It quickly strengthened into Subtropical Storm Jerry later that morning while remaining far from land. It transitioned into a fully tropical storm early on September 24, but weakened the same day as it moved over cooler waters. As it accelerated northward, it strengthened back into a tropical storm and reached its peak intensity of 45 mph (75 km/h) late on September 24. Shortly afterward, Jerry was absorbed into a larger extratropical low.
 See the latest forecast/advisory on Tropical Depression Jerry.
 See the latest public advisory on Tropical Depression Jerry.

Hurricane Karen

In the fourth week of September, a very large tropical wave emerged off the coast of Africa and tracked south of Cape Verde. It slowly became organized, by early on September 25, it became a tropical depression, and 6 hours later was upgraded to Tropical Storm Karen. It was slow to become stronger at first, but on September 26, Karen quickly became stronger and was made a hurricane early in the day before added wind shear stopped the intensification and began to slowly weaken the storm. Karen was declared to have been at hurricane strength by the NHC on November 27, 2007.
 See the NHC's archive history on Tropical Storm Karen.

Hurricane Lorenzo

On September 21, an area of convection developed in the western Caribbean Sea in association with a trough of low pressure.  Convection increased and a broad area of low pressure developed on September 22 as the convection moved northwestward towards the Yucatan Peninsula.  On September 23 the area of low pressure moved over the Yucatan Peninsula and was producing thunderstorms from the southern Gulf of Mexico to the northwestern Caribbean Sea.  Over the next few days the broad area of low pressure was moving erratically over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico but convection remained limited due to strong upper-level winds. By September 25 upper-level winds started to become more favorable for tropical cyclone formation and by that morning visible satellite imagery indicated that a tropical depression could be forming about 180 mi (290 km) east of Tampico, Mexico.

During the evening of September 25 a United States Air Force Hurricane Hunter aircraft found that the area of low pressure had developed into a tropical depression. The depression tracked slowly to the south and southwest into the Bay of Campeche. On September 26 convection increased and the depression was getting closer to being a tropical storm.  At 0300 UTC September 27 the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch for parts of the Mexican Gulf Coast as the depression was forecasted to strengthen into a tropical storm. Rapid intensification took place on September 27, and the depression became Tropical Storm Lorenzo around midday. Continued intensification that afternoon brought Lorenzo to near hurricane intensity. Early that evening, less than 7 hours after first being upgraded to a tropical storm, it was upgraded to Hurricane Lorenzo. It hit land on Mexico a little while after.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Hurricane Lorenzo

Tropical Storm Melissa

An area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave near the Cape Verde islands developed into a tropical depression on September 28, after slowly developing for almost two days. Early the next day it strengthened to become Tropical Storm Melissa, the eighth named storm to form in September, tying the record for most storms to form in a month. It soon weakened under the influence of shearing winds.
 See the NHC's archive history on Tropical Storm Melissa.

Tropical Depression Fifteen

On October 11, a tropical depression formed in the central Atlantic east of Bermuda out of a previously non-tropical low, which could possibly have involved the remnants of Tropical Storm Karen.  It dissipated without further development.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Depression Fifteen

Hurricane Noel

During the evening of October 27, a low pressure system that had been slowly developing over the eastern Caribbean gained enough organization to be declared Tropical Depression Sixteen. It steadily intensified and became a tropical storm on the afternoon of October 28. It made landfall in Haiti on October 29, and then meandered across the western Caribbean near Cuba for the next three days. Noel brought torrential rain to the region, killing at least 120 people. It then accelerated northeastward, passing through the Bahamas before strengthening to a hurricane on November 1. Noel began an extratropical transition on November 2. While sustained winds were still at category 1 strength, the NHC issued its final advisory that afternoon.  Meanwhile, the Canadian Hurricane Centre is still issuing advisories as it approaches Canadian territory.

Tropical Storm Olga

In the second week of December, after the official end of the hurricane season, a low developed east of the northernmost Lesser Antilles. It slowly acquired subtropical characteristics, and late on December 10, the NHC declared it Subtropical Storm Olga while just north of Puerto Rico. It is the first post-season storm since Tropical Storm Zeta in the 2005 season, making this season one of the few with activity both before and after the official bounds of the hurricane season. The storm made landfall on December 11 on the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic. Later that evening, Olga transitioned into a tropical storm just after making landfall. Further weakening took place and the storm degenerated into a remnant low late on December 12.

Flooding and mudslides caused at least 22 deaths - one in Puerto Rico, two in Haiti and at least 19 in the Dominican Republic.
 See the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Storm Olga.

Storm names
The following names will be used for named storms that form in the Atlantic basin in 2007. Due to the devastation caused by Hurricanes Dean, Felix and Noel, these names were retired by the World Meteorological Organization. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2013 season. A storm was named Andrea for the first time in 2007. The list is the same as the 2001 list except for Andrea, Ingrid, and Melissa, which replaced Allison, Iris, and Michelle, respectively. Names that have not been assigned are marked in .

Accumulated Cyclone Energy

The table on the right shows the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) for each storm in the season. ACE is, basically speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. While Subtropical Storm Andrea was a named storm of the 2007 season, NOAA does not officially include subtropical storms' ACE ratings in season totals. Andrea's ACE would have been 0.603 104kt² if it was tropical. Values accrued while Gabrielle, Jerry and Olga were subtropical are not included in their totals.

References

Other websites
 National Hurricane Center Website

2007 Atlantic hurricane season


In computer operating systems, demand paging (as opposed to anticipatory paging) is a method of virtual memory management.  In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory (i.e., if a page fault occurs).  It follows that a process begins execution with none of its pages in physical memory, and many page faults will occur until most of a process's working set of pages are located in physical memory. This is an example of a lazy loading technique.

Basic concept
Demand paging follows that pages should only be brought into memory if the executing process demands them.  This is often referred to as lazy loading as only those pages demanded by the process are swapped from secondary storage to main memory.  Contrast this to pure swapping, where all memory for a process is swapped from secondary storage to main memory during the process startup.

Commonly, to achieve this process a memory management unit is used.  The memory management unit maps logical memory to physical memory.  Entries in the memory management unit include a bit that indicates whether a page is valid or invalid.  A valid page is one that currently resides in main memory.  An invalid page is one that currently resides in secondary memory.  When a process tries to access a page, the following steps are generally followed:
 Attempt to access page.
 If page is valid (in memory) then continue processing instruction as normal.
 If page is invalid then a page-fault trap occurs.
 Check if the memory reference is a valid reference to a location on secondary memory.  If not, the process is terminated (illegal memory access).  Otherwise, we have to page in the required page.
 Schedule disk operation to read the desired page into main memory.
 Restart the instruction that was interrupted by the operating system trap.

Advantages
Demand paging, as opposed to loading all pages immediately:
 Only loads pages that are demanded by the executing process.
 As there is more space in main memory, more processes can be loaded, reducing the context switching time, which utilizes large amounts of resources.
 Less loading latency occurs at program startup, as less information is accessed from secondary storage and less information is brought into main memory.
 As main memory is expensive compared to secondary memory, this technique helps significantly reduce the bill of material (BOM) cost in smart phones for example. Symbian OS had this feature.

Disadvantages

 Individual programs face extra latency when they access a page for the first time.
 Low-cost, low-power embedded systems may not have a memory management unit that supports page replacement.
 Memory management with page replacement algorithms becomes slightly more complex.
 Possible security risks, including vulnerability to timing attacks; see  (specifically the virtual memory attack in section 2).
Thrashing which may occur due to repeated page faults.

See also

 Page cache
 Memory management
 Virtual memory
 Lazy evaluation

References
 Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (Second Edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 1997.

Virtual memory

Demand paging


Julius Eduard Hitzig, born Isaac Elias Itzig (26 March 1780 – 26 November 1849), was a German author and civil servant.

Born into the wealthy and influential Jewish Itzig family, he was between 1799 and 1806 a Prussian civil servant, became Criminal Counsel at the Berlin Supreme Court in 1815 and its director in 1825. In 1808 he established a publishing house and later a bookstore.

Hitzig was much involved in the Berlin literary life of his period, notably in connection with the salon of Rahel Varnhagen. He was friendly with E.T.A. Hoffmann, August von Kotzebue, Adelbert von Chamisso, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué and Willibald Alexis. He was lampooned for his name change by Heinrich Heine.

His works include Der Neue Pitaval (several volumes).

See also
Itzig family

External links
Works in German Gutenberg site

1780 births
1849 deaths
Writers from Berlin
18th-century German Jews
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
German male writers

Julius Eduard Hitzig


The Capital News Service (CNS) is a news wire affiliated with the University of Maryland, College Park.

Facilitating student reporting

Operated by the Philip Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland, Capital News Service provides students with real-life reporting experiences—covering a beat, developing sources, generating story ideas and writing on deadline—all in close consultation with an instructor/editor.

Capital News Service operates across all platforms: Print bureaus in Annapolis and Washington, D.C., provide a daily news feed to scores of clients, including daily and weekly newspapers, wire services, radio, television and online news outlets; the broadcast bureau produces a nightly newscast that goes to more than 400,000 households in suburban Washington; and an online newsmagazine, Maryland Newsline, does original news and feature reporting while showcasing work from the print and broadcast operations.

The print bureaus transmit about 300 stories each semester for publication. Each student typically produces 25 to 30 stories that are usually picked up by several clients, giving students as many as 90 clips for the semester. CNS news, feature and investigative stories often appear on A1 of client papers, and have appeared in The Washington Post, The (Baltimore) Sun and The Washington Times. Select stories are sent to the McClatchy-Tribune News Service for distribution, and have appeared in The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the San Jose (Calif.) Mercury News, among other papers. The program has led directly to top internships and reporting jobs for most CNS alumni.

Selected Merrill College of Journalism undergraduates and graduate students in the public affairs reporting sequence receive 12 credits in their bureau semester. The program is divided into three sections:

Bureau
Students receive six credits for acting as full-time (35 to 40 hours a week) reporters from Tuesday through Friday, covering either Annapolis or Washington for Capital News Service.

Press Seminar
Participants also are enrolled in an upper-level journalism seminar on Mondays with Knight Chair Haynes Johnson, one of the college's Pulitzer Prize–winning faculty members. The class explores various topics in public affairs reporting, often with guest lecturers.

Public Affairs Seminar or Advanced Writing Course
Students can receive their final three credits from a School of Public Policy class designed specifically for the bureau program or by taking an advanced writing or reporting course with the college's award-winning faculty.

CNS Clients

Daily newspapers
The Washington Post
The Baltimore Sun
The Washington Times
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References

External links

 CNS human trafficking series wins national award http://marylandreporter.com/2016/09/19/cns-human-trafficking-series-wins-national-award/
 Nursing homes' push for profit can clash with patient needs
 Advocates seek immunity for youth victims of sex trafficking http://www.fredericknewspost.com/public/ap/advocates-seek-immunity-for-youth-victims-of-sex-trafficking/article_b6dac65a-2cd5-53fc-8e6e-c05ace1d46b5.html

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The Little Nugget is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse. It was first published in Munsey's Magazine in August 1913, before being published as a book in the UK on 28 August 1913 by Methuen & Co., London, and in the US on 10 January 1914 by W.J. Watt and Company, New York. An earlier version of the story, without the love interest, had appeared as a serial in The Captain between January and March 1913 under the title The Eighteen-Carat Kid; this version was not published in the US until August 1980, when it appeared in a volume entitled The Eighteen-Carat Kid and Other Stories. The Little Nugget was reprinted in the Philadelphia Record on 12 May 1940.

Plot summary
Mrs Nesta Ford, in her London hotel room, reveals to her new friend Lord Mountry that she hopes to take her son Ogden on a yachting trip proposed by Mountry, despite her ex-husband having won custody of the boy. As Mountry leaves, Cynthia Drassilis arrives with Ogden, whom she has led away from his father's country house. Mrs Ford rewards Cynthia, but soon Mr Ford's secretary, a Mr Minnick, arrives to recover the stolen child. Cynthia tries to bribe his colleague, Mrs Sheridan, but to no avail, as she believes Nesta's influence has spoiled the boy. After they have gone, Nesta reveals to Cynthia Ogden's past as the 'Little Nugget', and the repeated attempts to kidnap him made by US gangsters. Nesta wishes to call in professional help, but Cynthia persuades her she can still do it, with the help of her new fiancé, a wealthy man called Peter Burns, who she suggests can take up a post at Ogden's new school, posing as a trainee schoolmaster.

We meet Peter Burns, and learn that he fell deeply in love, sometime between the ages of 21 and 25, with a Miss Audrey Blake, daughter of an impoverished artist. Though he treated her in a patronising way, they got engaged, but shortly after the death of her father, she ran off and married another man. This event crushed Burns, once a carefree and selfish youth, and after some years of travel he returned to London chastened, and became engaged to Cynthia Drassilis mostly out of sympathy for her plight. When she visits him the day after his proposal, she easily talks him into helping her out in her scheme. He meets school head Mr Abney, and is soon signed up as Classics master at Sanstead House, the school to which Mr Ford plans to send Ogden.

At Sanstead, Burns takes up his duties and soon finds his feet with the boys; he also befriends White, the smooth-mannered butler. Ogden Ford arrives a few days later, and a rather shocked Abney requests that Burns discourage his rudeness and smoking. Burns quickly learns that any attempt to kidnap the tempestuous boy will require great skill.

Time passes and Ford introduces numerous vices to the school. In the local inn one day, Burns sees a suspicious-looking American; later, he sees White the butler chasing someone away from the school with a pistol. White explains that he is a detective from the Pinkerton agency, hired by Mr Ford to watch over his son. The following day, another American visits the school, a pleasant man claiming to be a friend of Mr Ford, who soon leaves again having toured the place.

The next evening, Burns is strolling outside when he hears Ogden scream, and a man runs into him, knocking him down. An excited crowd gathers to discuss the incident, a man found breaking into Ogden's room, when Mrs Sheridan appears, for an appointment with Abeny; Burns quickly sees that she is in fact his former fiancée, Audrey. Things are awkward between them at first, but they soon make up. Burns meets the American from the village, who turns out to be Buck MacGinnis, former kidnapper of Ogden, and who thinks Burns is none other than his rival, "Smooth" Sam Fisher. Burns questions White about these men, and learns that while Buck a common hoodlum, Fisher is an educated and dangerously smooth man. Spending more time with Audrey, he realises his love for her is still strong.

One day MacGinnis and his gang raid the school, holding up the masters at gunpoint. MacGinnis takes Burns to search for Ogden, but Burns flees out of the study window. As he is climbing out MacGinnis shoots him, but he makes it to the cover of some bushes. Burns tackles MacGinnis, breaking his leg, and the gang flees without the missing Ogden. Burns frees the rest of the school, and the police are called. Ogden still cannot be found, and a friend is also found to be missing. Burns volunteers to go to London to search for the runaways, and Audrey implores him to search well, saying she will lose her job with Mr Ford if Ogden is not found.

We learn that Burns has bribed Ogden to go to London, and arranged to have his valet send the boy to his mother Nesta Ford. Abney the headmaster, sick in bed with a cold, learns that the butler is a detective and sends him on the trip to London with Burns. On the way White reveals that he saw Burns give Ogden his directions, and also that he is in fact none other than Smooth Sam Fisher, proposing to come in with Burns on the presumed kidnapping job. Burns flees to his flat, but learns that Ogden has not arrived there. Fisher arrives having followed Burns, but on learning Ogden is off enjoying London he leaves to seek him.

After a day's search, Burns finds the boy at the house of his friend's mother, and brings him back to the school. Fisher also returns, threatening to expose Burns' actions if his identity is revealed. Ogden is moved to a safe room, and guarded; Burns' relationship with Audrey chills after he is reminded he is engaged, and he foils another attempt by Fisher to take the boy. The school term ends, but Mr Ford cannot collect Ogden for a few days, so Abney asks Burns to join Audrey and the butler in guarding him, but Fisher reveals Burns' plot to return Ogden to his mother.

Burns leaves in shame, but returns and contacts Audrey to tell her about Fisher. She doesn't trust him, remaining aloof, and he sees MacGinnis is also back in the neighbourhood. He drives Fisher out of the house, and takes guard himself, still without Audrey's faith. Fisher comes back having joined up with MacGinnis, and offers Burns a last chance, which he rejects. With the phone wires cut, Burns tries to sneak Ogden across country, but they are trapped in the loft of the school stables. Ogden, bored of the chase, surrenders himself, and Audrey breaks down in tears, comforted by Burns.

Some days later, Burns and Audrey speak of their love, but she insists he stand by his promise to Cynthia. They part, and Cynthia's mother appears with Nesta Ford. Mr Ford also arrives, as does Sam Fisher, who persuades Ford to reunite with his wife and to take Fisher on as Ogden's security guard, in lieu of a ransom. Ford agrees and they leave. Mrs Drassilis reveals that Cynthia has fallen for Lord Mountry, and Burns gives them his blessing, releasing her from the engagement. He heads off after Audrey.

Characters in "The Little Nugget"
 Ogden Ford, an obnoxious child, a popular target of kidnappers and thus known as The Little Nugget
 Elmer Ford, Ogden's wealthy and commanding father
 Mrs Nesta Ford (later Mrs Ford Pett), his doting mother
 Peter Burns, a well-to-do young man, who tries to kidnap Ogden for Mrs Ford
 Cynthia Drassilis, the ambitious fiancée of Peter Burns
 Mrs Drassilis, Cynthia's even more ambitious mother
 Audrey Sheridan, Ogden's governess, once Peter Burns's first love
 Arnold Abney, the mild and pompous headmaster of Sanstead
 Mr Glossop, an irascible master at Sanstead
 White, butler at Sanstead, soon found to be undercover
 Mrs Attwell, matron at the school
 "Smooth" Sam Fisher, an intellectual crook who kidnaps Ogden Ford
 Buck MacGinnis, a gang leader and arch rival of Smooth Sam Fisher
 Lord Mountry, a shy and nervous young noble
 Augustus Beckford, a pupil at Sanstead, cousin of Lord Mountry
 Tankerville Gifford, an unpleasant socialite
 Miss Benjafield, barmaid at local inn the Feathers

Allusions to other novels
Ogden Ford and his mother Nesta appear again in Piccadilly Jim (1918). Arnold Abney is mentioned as a former headmaster of Bertie Wooster in Much Obliged, Jeeves (1971).

References

External links
The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with numerous book covers and a list of characters
Fantastic Fiction's page, with details of published editions, photos of book covers and links to used copies
Free eBook of The Little Nugget at Project Gutenberg

Novels by P. G. Wodehouse
1913 British novels
Works originally published in Munsey's Magazine
Novels first published in serial form
Methuen Publishing books
British comedy novels

The Little Nugget


The 1976 CFL Draft composed of 10 rounds where 106 Canadian football players were chosen from eligible Canadian universities and Canadian players playing in the NCAA. A total of 18 players were selected as territorial exemptions, with the Calgary Stampeders being the only team to make no picks during this stage of the draft. Through a trade with the Toronto Argonauts, the Edmonton Eskimos selected first overall in the draft. The Eskimos had four total picks in the first round of the draft alone.

Territorial exemptions
Toronto Argonauts                             Neil Lumsden  TB  Ottawa

Toronto Argonauts                                 Steve Telfer  TE  Saint Mary's

Toronto Argonauts                                 Vic Wasilenko  DB  British Columbia

British Columbia Lions                        Bill Norton  DT  Weber State

British Columbia Lions  Glen Jackson  LB  Simon Fraser

British Columbia Lions                            Mitch Davies  E  Calgary

Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Bill Harrison          TB               Ottawa

Hamilton Tiger-Cats  John Kelley  DB  Guelph

Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Ted Milian  G  Manitoba

Winnipeg Blue Bombers                             Rick Koswin            WR               Manitoba

Ottawa Rough Riders                            Jeff Avery             WR               Ottawa

Ottawa Rough Riders                                John Palazeti  TB  Richmond

Saskatchewan Roughriders                      Ron Cherkas  DT  University of Utah

Saskatchewan Roughriders                          Brian O'Hara  TB  Whitworth

Montreal Alouettes                            Yvon Thibeault  T  McGill

Montreal Alouettes  Rodney Ward  LB  Bishop's

Edmonton Eskimos                                  Brian Fryer  WR  Alberta

Edmonton Eskimos  Walter Bauer  TE Drake

1st round

2nd round
10. British Columbia Lions                        Len Platt  WR Tulsa

11. British Columbia Lions                        John Turecki           DE                 British Columbia

12. Calgary Stampeders                        Jay Parry  WR  Western Ontario

13. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Barry Cozack  TB  Mount Allison

14. Winnipeg Blue Bombers  Gordon Taylor  QB  Wilfrid Laurier

15. Edmonton Eskimos                              Steve Andryjowicz  TB  Toronto

16. Saskatchewan Roughriders                      Bog Gibbons  DT  Saskatchewan

17. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Ron Mironuck           LB                 Whitworth

18. Edmonton Eskimos                              Eric Upton             G                  Ottawa

3rd round
19. Toronto Argonauts  Rodney Allison         LB                 Saint Mary's

20. British Columbia Lions                        Dale Parkhouse         TE                 Western Ontario

21. Calgary Stampeders  Dave McMillan  WR  Concordia

22. Hamilton Tiger-Cats  Paul Whaley             DB                 Guelph

23. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Tim Maltre  WR  Memphis State

24. Montreal Alouettes                            Charles McMann         TB                 Wilfrid Laurier

25. Saskatchewan Roughriders  John Glassford         LB                 Wilfrid Laurier

26. Montreal Alouettes                            Errol Moen             DT                 Alberta

27. Edmonton Eskimos                              Darrell Penner  DB  Queen's

4th round
28. Toronto Argonauts                             Brian Utley            TE                 Saskatchewan

29. British Columbia Lions                        Gerald Inglis          LB                 Alberta

30. Calgaray Stampeders                           Richard Haswell        FB                 Wilfrid Laurier

31. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Paul Genovese  G  McMaster

32. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Henry Booy             E                  British Columbia

33. Ottawa Rough Riders                           Drew Allan  G  Carleton

34. Saskatchewan Roughriders                      Terry West             DB                 Ottawa

35. Montreal Alouettes                            Glen Leach             DB                 Wilfrid Laurier

36. Edmonton Eskimos  Rick Scarborough       TB                 Western Ontario

5th round
37. Toronto Argonauts  Bob Palmer             TB                 York

38. British Columbia Lions                        Jim Cimba              DB                 Western Ontario

39. Calgary Stampeders                            Larry Titley           LB                 Concordia

40. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Rick Slipetz           LB                 York

41. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Wayne Churchill  DE  Windsor

42. Ottawa Rough Riders                           Doug Kitts            QB                   York

43. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Greg Wood             DB                  Windsor

44. Montreal Alouettes                            Bill McIver           DB                  Queen's

45. Edmonton Eskimos                              Mark Ackley           WR                  Toronto

6th round
46. Toronto Argonauts  Doug Falconer         DB                  Ottawa

47. British Columbia Lions                        Greg Gardner          QB                  British Columbia

48. Calgary Stampeders                            Nick Grittani         DT                  Toronto

49. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Mike Sokonvin         DT                  Toronto

50. Winnipeg Blue Bombers  Gary Anderson         DE                  Concordia

51. Ottawa Rough Riders  Jim Anderson          T                   Alberta

52. Saskatchewan Roughriders  Hugh Gallagher        DE                  Carleton

53. Montreal Alouettes                            Paul Szlichta  QB  Purdue

54. Edmonton Eskimos  Jim Kemp              T                   Saskatchewan

7th round
55. Toronto Argonauts                             John Montelpare      LB                  Concordia

56. Toronto Argonauts  Peter Sorenson        DT                  Bishop's

57. Calgary Stampeders                            Mike Walukavich       DT                  Concordia

58. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Rick Jeysman          DT                  Toronto

59. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Claude Riopelle       DE                  Western Ontario

60. Ottawa Rough Riders  Fred Brown            LB                  Wilfrid Laurier

61. Saskatchewan Roughriders                      Dalton Smarsh         TB                  Alberta

62. Montreal Alouettes                            Rod Millard           DB                  McMaster

63. Edmonton Eskimos                              Rob Nelms             DT                  Carleton

8th round
64. Toronto Argonauts                             Jim Trimm             TE                  Toronto

65. British Columbia Lions  Glen Wallace          TB                  Simon Fraser

66. Calgary Stampeders                            Bill Lockhart         C                   Guelph

67. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Frank Mckay           DB                  Western Ontario

68. Winnipeg Blue Bombers  Bruce Young           TB                  Manitoba

69. Ottawa Rough Riders                           Paul Lojewski         G                   Windsor

70. Saskatchewan Roughriders                      Ken Platz             TB                  Saskatchewan

71. Montreal Alouettes                            Larry Baines          TB                  McMaster

72. Calgary Stampeders                            Norm Hagarty          WR                  Wilfrid Laurier

9th round
73. Toronto Argonauts                             Gary McCann           TB                  Windsor

74. British Columbia Lions                        Peter Coll  DB  Dalhousie

75. Calgary Stampeders  Mike Weller           WR                  Wilfrid Laurier

76. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Marty Dixon           E                   Western Ontario

77. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Brian Wagner         DE                   Manitoba

78. Ottawa Rough Riders  Robert Forbes  WR  New Brunswick

79. Toronto Argonauts  George Beattie  DB  Acadia

80. Calgary Stampeders                            Gordon Penn          TB                   British Columbia

10th round
81. Toronto Argonauts                             Maurice St. Martin   T                    Queen's

82. British Columbia Lions                        Tony Ricci           G                    British Columbia

83. Calgary Stampeders                            Doug Ransome         WR                   Dalhousie

84. Hamilton Tiger-Cats                           Jon Jewell           LB                   Western Ontario

85. Winnipeg Blue Bombers                         Mike Kashty          TE                   Manitoba

86. Ottawa Rough Riders                           Chris Kziezopoloski  WR                   Waterloo

87. Toronto Argonauts                             Bernie Muldoon       TB                   Windsor

88. British Columbia Lions                        Bob Janzen           TB                   British Columbia

References
Canadian Draft

Cfl Draft, 1976
Canadian College Draft

1976 CFL Draft


Flat Top is an unincorporated community in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Flat Top is located on U.S. Route 19,  south of Beckley.

The Flat Top Post Office began operation on March 5, 1852.

Flat Top is home of Mavis Manor a Queen Anne style, Victorian manor house and one of southern West Virginia first Farmstay.

The community takes its name from the level highlands upon which it is situated—the "flat top," which follows the crest of "Great Flat Top Mountain" for nearly 30 miles, from the New River Gorge, in the northeast, to the Virginia border in the southwest. The Lilly Monument, erected to honor the memories of settlers Robert and Fannie Lilly, overlooks the community from a knoll to its northeast.

References

37° 35' 22" N / 81° 6' 24" W

Unincorporated communities in Mercer County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Coal towns in West Virginia

Flat Top, West Virginia


Bulguksa is a temple of Korean Buddhism in Gyeongju in South Korea. It was designated as a historic site number 502 by Korean government. In 1995, Bulguksa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.  It is known as one of the tourist attractions in Korea, where over 2 million people are visiting each year. It includes Dabotap(Korea's national treasure number 20) and Seokgatap(Korea's national treasure number 21), Cheongun-gyo(Blue Cloud Bridge, Korea's national treasure number 23) and Backun-gyo(White Cloud Bridge, Korea's national treasure number 23), and two gilt-bronze statues(Korea's national treasure number 26, 27) of Buddha.

History
The temple was made in the Silla kingdom, the golden age of Buddhist art. According to Samguk yusa (Three Kingdoms of Korea's history book), the temple had begun to be constructed under King Kyeongdeok in 751 and completed in 774. Kim Daeseong, the Prime Minister of Silla, decided to construct this temple in order to cherish the memory of his parents. The name of the temple 'Bulguk' means the country of Buddha. He wanted to his parents live happily in the Buddha's country after they died.

Bulguksa has been reconstructed thoroughout history. Especially in the Japanese colonial era, it was damaged a lot and lost its valuable treasures. After the independence of the Republic of Korea, Korean government started to reconstruct and reorganize the temple.

National Treasures in Bulguksa
Dabotap and Seokgatap (Num 21, 22)
Dabotap is well known for its feminine and sophisticated beauty. Its height is 10.4m and it is representative of Korea's unique pagodas.
Seokgatap is relatively simple and masculine compared to Dabotap. Its height is also 10.4, which makes Dabotap and Seokgatap the twin pagodas in Bulguksa.

Chengun-gyo (Num 23)
At the entrance of Bulguksa is Chengun-gyo. It is said that the bridge links the human world to the world of Buddhist. It is decorated with stones very beautifully and its structure is so solid that it can withstand earthquakes.

References

 KOREA TOURISM ORGANIZATION

 National treasure of Korea

Other websites

 Official Site of Korea Tourism Org : Bulguksa

Buddhist temples
Buildings and structures in South Korea
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
8th-century buildings and structures

Bulguksa


The Alaska Time Zone subtracts nine hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-9) and eight hours during daylight saving time (UTC-8).

This time zone is called Alaska Standard Time (AKST) during standard time (Winter) and Alaska Daylight Time (AKDT) during daylight saving time (Summer).

Places that are in Alaska Time Zone:

United States
Most of Alaska

France
Gambier Islands

Time zones in the United States
Alaska

Alaska Standard Time


Fred Kida (December 12, 1920 – April 3, 2014) was a Japanese-American  comic book and comic strip artist best known for the 1940s aviator hero Airboy and his antagonist and sometime ally Valkyrie during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. He went on to draw for Marvel Comics' 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics, in a variety of genres and styles, and then again for Marvel superhero titles in the 1970s. He drew the company's The Amazing Spider-Man newspaper comic strip during the early to mid-1980s. Kida also assisted artist Dan Barry on the long-running strip Flash Gordon from 1958 to 1961 and then again from 1968 to 1971.

Biography

Early life and career
Born on December 12, 1920, in Brooklyn and raised in Manhattan, New York City, Kida attended the city's American School of Design, where Bill Fraccio and Bob Fujitani were classmates. Like many young artists in the 1930s to 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books, he then broke into the field at the Jerry Iger Studio, formerly Eisner & Iger, one of the earliest "packagers" that produced outsourced comic book content for publishers entering the new medium. Starting as an inker and background artist in 1941, Kida moved on to a staff position at Iger client Quality Comics. There he both penciled and inked his first known credited work, the feature "Phantom Clipper" in Military Comics #9 (April 1942).

Airboy and afterward
In 1942, he joined Hillman Periodicals, where he drew such features as "Iron Ace" (from its premiere in Air Fighters Comics #2, Nov. 1942), "Boy King" and "Gunmaster", and the following year began work on his most prominent Golden Age character, Airboy. That aviation hero, created by writer Charles Biro with scripter Dick Wood and artist Al Camy, appeared initially in Air Fighters Comics, later renamed Airboy Comics. Aside from Airboy himself, the feature was known for the sexy antagonist Valkyrie, a cleavage-baring Axis aviatrix who soon defected and became his ally.

Kida remained on the feature through 1948, afterward working with writer Biro on such Hillman crime comics as the seminal Crime Does Not Pay. From 1949 to 1951, he drew Western, crime and romance comics for Lev Gleason Publications, signing some stories Kid or KID. In 1952, he left to freelance for Atlas Comics, the 1950s forerunner of Marvel Comics. There he worked on characters including the Western gunslingers the Ringo Kid and the Two-Gun Kid and the medieval hero the Black Knight, plus humor, horror, war and Bible stories.

Kida returned to Marvel in the 1970s, primarily as an inker, working on such characters as Iron Man, Godzilla, Ka-Zar, Luke Cage and Man-Wolf, plus Captain Britain for Marvel UK. His final known full comic-book credit is the superhero-team title The Defenders #72 (June 1979) — featuring Marvel's unrelated character Valkyrie. His last known published comic-book work was artwork for the two-page text feature "Re-Educating Valkyrie" in Eclipse Comics's Valkyrie! #1 (May 1987), one of that publisher's revamped Airboy comics, and penciling the character entry for the Grand Director in Marvel's The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe #17 (Aug. 1987).

Comic strips
In addition to his comic-book work, Kida in 1941 was one of writer-artist Will Eisner's assistants on the newspaper Sunday-supplement comic-book The Spirit; and from 1946-47 assisted Fujitani (also known as "Bob Wells") on the comic strip Judge Wright. He also briefly assisted Milton Caniff on the strip Steve Canyon.

Most prominently, Kida assisted artist Dan Barry on the long-running strip Flash Gordon from 1958 to 1961 and then again from 1968 to 1971, and under his own byline drew the comic strip The Amazing Spider-Man from August 1981 to July 1986, returning to do the Sunday editions from September 1996 to July 1997.

Personal life
Kida married Elly Ahnert on October 5, 1946, and they had two children, Paul and Peter. An elder in the Port Chester Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, he died on April 3, 2014.

Reprints include
 Fred Kida's Valkyrie! (Ken Pierce, Inc., 1982)
Black-and-white reprints of selected stories from Air Fighters Comics vol. 2, #2 & 7; and Airboy Comics vol. 2, #12, and vol. 3, #6 & 12. Introduction by Alex Toth.

References

External links
Fred Kida at AtlasTales.com

American comic strip cartoonists
American comics artists
American artists of Japanese descent
Golden Age comics creators
Artists from Manhattan
1920 births
2014 deaths
Atlas Comics
Marvel Comics people

Fred Kida