Walker Air Force Base is a closed United States Air Force base located three miles (5 km) south of the central business district of Roswell, New Mexico. It was opened in 1941 as an Army Air Corps flying school and was active during World War II and the postwar era as Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF). During the early years of the Cold War, it became the largest base of the Strategic Air Command. It is also known for the Roswell UFO incident, an event that occurred on 4 July 1947. It is alleged that a "flying disc" crashed during a severe thunderstorm near the base at Corona, New Mexico.

Walker AFB was named after General Kenneth Newton Walker, a native of Los Cerrillos, New Mexico who was killed during a bombing mission over Rabaul, New Britain, Papua New Guinea on 5 January 1943. His group scored direct hits on nine Japanese ships before being intercepted by enemy fighters. Walker was last seen leaving the target area with one engine on fire and several fighters on his tail, and he was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943. The base was renamed in his honor on 13 January 1948. Funding cutbacks during the Vietnam War led to the closure of the base in 1967.

History
What became Roswell Army Air Field was acquired by the United States Army Air Forces in 1941 from rancher David Chesser for the purpose of establishing a Military Flying Training Center and Bombardier School. From the beginning, it was designed as a large, expansive facility, given the excellent flying weather in New Mexico. The airfield consisted of seven concrete runways, two parallel North/South 7329x200 and 7000x200; two parallel NE/SW 7200x200 and 5655x200; two parallel NW/SE, 6964x200 and 5900x200 and one E/W runway 6884x200 (E/W).

In addition, no fewer than nine auxiliary landing fields for overflow and touch/go landing/takeoffs were established in the area. Enough construction was completed for the base and airfield to be activated and assigned to the United States Army Air Corps Training Command on 20 September 1941.

World War II
The Roswell Army Flying School was activated on 20 September 1941. Its mission was the training of third-phase aviation cadets in twin-engine aircraft. The school operated Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan twin-engine trainers and four (548th, 549th, 550th and 551st) Two-Engine Flying Training Squadrons. In addition to the flying school the Bombardier's school, operated 3 training squadrons also flying the AT-11.

In 1943, three additional twin engine flying training squadrons were added and two additional squadrons were added to the Bombardiers school as additional runways became available. Over 300 trainers filled the large parking ramp, which included Vultee BT-13 and BT-15 Valiant single engine trainers and Cessna AT-17 twin-engine trainers.

Until the fall of 1944, Second Air Force provided all Boeing B-29 Superfortress transition training for the Army Air Forces. Then, on 12 September 1944, HQ AAF directed Training Command to establish B-29 schools for the transition of crews consisting of pilots, copilots, and flight engineers. Initially, there were few B-29s available for Training Command to conduct training. However, by January 1945 Roswell AAF had transitioned and the 3030th AAF Base Unit (Pilot School, Specialized Very Heavy) which specialized in B-29 Superfortress 4 engine pilot transition and bombardier training was activated.

Although there was a bombing target adjacent to the runway, the only items dropped from an aircraft were bags of sand or flour. The practice bombing and gunnery ranges were due south of the air field and on Matagorda Island along the Texas Gulf coast.

In addition to the airfield, the Roswell Prisoners of War (POW) camp was built for up to 4,800 POWs. Most of the POWs housed at the camp were German and Italian soldiers captured during the North African campaign. The POWs were actually used as construction laborers on local projects and many of Roswell's parks were built by POWs. The Spring River, which passes through downtown Roswell, was lined with concrete and stones using POW labor. The prisoners used stones of different colors to form an Iron Cross in the riverbed.

With the end of World War II, the training mission at Roswell AAF ended on 1 November 1945. The base was designated as a permanent Army Air Force facility and jurisdiction of the base was transferred to 238th Army Air Forces Base Unit, Second Air Force, Continental Air Command.

Strategic Air Command

The 509th Composite Group returned from its wartime base on Tinian and relocated to Roswell on 6 November 1945, initially being assigned to Second Air Force under Continental Air Forces. With demobilization in full swing in late 1945, much juggling of units was being performed by the Army Air Forces. It was reassigned to the 58th Bombardment Wing at Fort Worth Army Airfield on 17 January 1946. The 509th was assigned to Strategic Air Command on 21 March 1946, being one of the first eleven organizations assigned to SAC.

In April 1946 many of the group's Boeing B-29 Superfortress aircraft deployed to Kwajalein as part of Operation Crossroads, a series of atomic bomb tests. The remainder became the core of two new squadrons activated as part of the group, the 715th Bomb Squadron and the 830th Bomb Squadron. In May 1946, the Army Air Forces gave the newly formed SAC the responsibility of delivering the atomic bomb. Only the 509th was trained and ready for the atomic bomb mission.

Squadrons assigned to the 509th were:
 393d Bombardment Squadron
 715th Bombardment Squadron
 830th Bombardment Squadron

On 10 July 1946, the group was renamed the 509th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy). With the creation of the United States Air Force as a separate service, the group became the combat component of the 509th Bombardment Wing on 17 November 1947, although it was not operational until 14 September 1948, when Colonel John D. Ryan was named commander.

The wing pioneered a new concept on 30 June 1948, when the 509th Air Refueling Squadron was activated as part of the 509th BW, along with the 43rd ARS at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, the first such units ever created. With the addition of KB-29M tankers, the 509th's bombers could reach virtually any point on Earth. In June 1950, it began receiving the upgraded version of the B-29, the Boeing B-50A Superfortress. When the huge Convair B-36 Peacemaker joined the Air Force inventory, the "Very Heavy" designation was dropped. The 509th – like all other B-29 and B-50 wings – was redesignated "Medium".

In January 1954, the Boeing KC-97 aerial tanker replaced the aging KB-29Ms, and the wing entered the jet age in June 1955 when it received the first all-jet bomber: the Boeing B-47 Stratojet. On 16 June 1958 the 509th Bombardment Wing was transferred to Pease AFB, New Hampshire.

The 468th Bombardment Group arrived at Roswell on 12 January 1946 from West Field, Tinian. At Roswell the group exchanged aircraft and equipment with the 509th, with the lowest-hour and most reliable B-29 aircraft being transferred then being sent to Carswell Air Force Base, Texas for modification to Silverplate (Atomic Bomb-Capable) specifications. The balance of the aircraft were sent to storage at Davis-Monthan AFB Arizona or Pyote Army Airfield Texas. The group was inactivated on 31 March 1946.

33rd Fighter Group

The 33rd Fighter Group was assigned to Roswell on 25 August 1947, being transferred from Bad Kissingen AB, West Germany after a year of occupation duty. Squadrons of the 33rd at Roswell were:
 59th Fighter Squadron (F-51, F-84)
 60th Fighter Squadron (F-51, F-84)

The group was initially attached to the 509th Bombardment Group to perform fighter escort duties. The group was redesignated as the 33rd Fighter Wing on 15 October 1947. It remained at Roswell until 16 November 1948 when it was transferred to Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts.

6th Bombardment Wing

The 6th Bombardment Wing, Medium was activated on 2 January 1951 at Walker AFB and was equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortress. On 1 August 1951, the 307th Air Refueling Squadron was attached to the wing. It flew KB-29 tankers until inactivated 16 June 1952. The 6th, along with the 509th Bombardment Wing at Walker formed the SAC 47th Air Division until June 1958 with the reassignment of the 509th to Pease AFB.

However the three squadrons of the wing (24th, 39th, 40th) were soon re-equipped with SAC's new heavy bomber, Convair B-36D Peacemaker and the unit was redesignated the 6th Bombardment Wing (Heavy).

The B-36D was the first major production model of the bomber, being equipped with two pairs of General Electric J47-GE-19 turbojets in pods underneath the outer wings to assist the six R-4360-41 piston engines. The B-36D flew fairly well on just four or even three piston engines, so it was common practice to shut down some of the engines during cruise. The turbojets were normally used only for speed dashes over the target area or for takeoff. The 6th conducted strategic bombardment training with the aircraft, being deployed at Andersen AFB, Guam from October 1955 to January 1956.

The phaseout of the B-36 began in 1957, when the wing began receiving the new Boeing B-52 Stratofortress jet bomber. They were flown by its existing squadrons. The last of the B-36s departed Walker in 1958.

To provide air defense of the base, United States Army Nike Hercules Surface-to-air missile sites were constructed during 1959 near Roswell (W-10)  and Hagerman (W-50) , New Mexico. The sites were selected and built, the battalion activated, batteries were assigned, and then the whole setup was shut down. Many of the personnel were later transferred to Omaha, Nebraska for the protection of Offutt AFB.

In September 1959, the 24th and 30th Bombardment Squadrons joined the newly assigned 4129th Combat Crew Training Squadron to train B-52 and KC-135 crews. The 40th Bombardment Squadron continued flying operational missions until 10 June 1960. From 10 June 1960 to 1 December 1961 the wing flew a few operational missions in a non-combat ready status. The 40th Squadron returned to operational status on 1 December 1961. The other two bomb squadrons regained tactical status on 5 September 1963. The 39th Squadron discontinued a few days later, but the 24th and 40th continued global bombardment training through December 1966, when they phased down for inactivation.

The 6th Air Refueling Squadron, flying early-model KC-135A aircraft, was assigned to Walker AFB from 3 January 1958. On 3 February 1960, a "short-tail" (non-hydraulic-power-assisted rudder) KC-135A crashed during takeoff in strong and gusty crosswinds. The pilot failed to maintain directional control, rotated the aircraft 5–10 knots too early and the aircraft settled onto the dirt apron of the runway, shed two engines, plowed through the aircraft parking area and came to rest in an aircraft hangar. This single crash resulted in the destruction of three KC-135 aircraft and the deaths of eight military personnel.

The wing was redesignated the 6th Strategic Aerospace Wing on 1 May 1962. On 25 June 1965, the 310th Air Refueling Squadron was attached to the wing. It flew KC-135A aircraft until the base was closed and the unit was moved to Plattsburgh AFB, NY on 25 January 1967.

579th Strategic Missile Squadron

In 1960, Atlas missile silos were constructed around the Roswell area. Reportedly, the first Atlas missile to arrive in Roswell received a welcoming parade. On 2 January 1961, the 579th Strategic Missile Squadron was activated as part of the 6 BW at Walker. New Mexico's Governor Mecham gave the keynote speech at a Site 10 ceremony held on 31 October 1961, in which the first missile site was turned over to the Air Force.

Although Chaves County residents took patriotic pride in the news of the missile squadron's arrival, Roswell residents submitted 10 permit requests for bomb shelters in October 1961 as construction went ahead.

The 579th SMS received its first missile on 24 January 1962. In April 1962, a completed liquid oxygen plant built at Walker AFB was turned over to the Air Force. The squadron completed missile installation approximately one month before the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Roswell's sites developed a notorious reputation due to three missile explosions. On 1 June 1963, launch complex 579-1 was destroyed during a propellant loading exercise. On 13 February 1964 an explosion occurred during another propellant loading exercise, destroying launch complex 579-5. Again, a month later, on 9 March 1964, silo 579-2 fell victim to another explosion that occurred during a propellant loading exercise.

These missiles were not mated with their warheads at the time of the incidents. The only injury reported was that of a crewman running into barbed wire as he fled a site.

The accidents at Walker and at other Atlas and Titan I sites accelerated the decision to inactivate these systems. On 25 March 1965 the 579 SMS was inactivated and the Air Force removed the missiles from their silos. After being demilitarized, the former missile sites reverted to private ownership.

686th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
Walker AFB was selected to be part of the planned deployment by Air Defense Command of forty-four mobile radar stations across the United States to support the permanent Radar network established during the Cold War for air defense of the United States. This deployment had been projected to be operational by mid-1952. Funding, constant site changes, construction, and equipment delivery delayed deployment.

A temporary radar site (L-46) was activated at Walker AFB in 1950 to protect the approaches. L-46 was located in an old government housing building, with a complement of less than 100 personnel of the 120th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron. The 120th AC&W Squadron consisted of members of the federalized Arkansas Air National Guard, called to active duty during the Korean War. The station functioned as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes.

Designated to receive a new radar as part of the mobile radar program, this radar site continued to be operational on a Lashup basis in late 1952 using an AN/TPS-1B radar. A more permanent facility at Walker was operational, with the 686th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron activated on 1 October 1953, replacing the federalized ANG unit which was inactivated. The squadron consisted of about 150 Officers and Airmen.

The 686th AC&W Squadron operated AN/MPS-7 search and AN/MPS-14 height-finder radars.

In addition to the main facility, Walker operated several AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler sites:
 Santa Rosa, NM (M-90B):
 Sierra Blanca, TX (M-90E):

In March 1963 the Air Force ordered the site to shut down. Operations ceased 1 August 1963. Today the cantonment area is still extant, now used by the physical plant crew of the Eastern New Mexico University – Roswell (ENMU-R). The radar site at Walker is decrepit and abandoned, with refuse around buildings and the concrete road badly cracked and deteriorated.

Closure
In 1967, the Air Force announced that Walker AFB would be closed. This was during a round of stateside base closings and consolidations as the Defense Department struggled to pay the expenses of the Vietnam War within the budgetary limits set by Congress. The 6th BW became the 6th Strategic Wing and was relocated to Eielson AFB, Alaska.

Walker AFB was officially closed on 30 June 1967. It has since been redeveloped by civil authorities into the Roswell International Air Center. Large numbers of out-of-service aircraft are stored on the parking ramps and disused taxiways/runways for refurbishment and sale. In addition, the Boeing Company uses RIAC for braking performance testing of its aircraft, most recent was the testing of the BF Goodrich carbon brakes on the 737-900ER model. Also testing on brakes was performed on the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner.

The Eastern New Mexico University has built a large campus on the west side of the former base, however much of the base still has the look and feel of the former Air Force Base. Many former Air Force buildings, including aircraft hangars, maintenance shops, barracks, and office buildings have been reused for private interests. The large housing area still exists, with the former government housing units in private hands. Large numbers of buildings have also been removed or torn down, leaving large areas of vacant land with streets and former parking lots and concrete foundations.

In 2005, the base was used for a secret Foo Fighters concert celebrating the band's tenth anniversary.

Previous names
 Roswell Army Flying School, 1941–1942
 Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF), 1942–1947
 Roswell Air Force Base, 1947–1948
 Walker Air Force Base, 1948–1967

Major commands to which assigned
 West Coast Air Corps Training Center, 1941–1943
 Western Flying Training Command, 1943–1945
 Second Air Force, 1945–1946
 Strategic Air Command, 1946–1967

Major units assigned

 Roswell Army Flying School, 1941–1945
 3030th AAF Base Unit, 1945
 509th Bombardment Group (Wing), 1945–1958
 468th Bombardment Group, 1946
 33d Fighter Group (Wing), 1947–1948

 6th Bombardment (later Strategic Aerospace) Wing, 1951–1967
 47th Air Division, 1951–1958
 58th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (ADC), 1959–1960
 22d Air Division, 1963–1965
 579th Strategic Missile Squadron, 1961–1965

SM-65F Atlas Missile Sites

The 579th Strategic Missile Squadron operated twelve missile sites, of one missile at each site.
 579-1 (1962–1963)*, 0.8 mi NW of Acme, NM
 579-2 (1962–1964)*, 8.1 mi ENE of Acme, NM
 579-3, 16.1 mi ENE of Acme, NM
 579-4, 12.7 mi ENE of Rio Hondo, NM
 579-5 (1962–1964)*, 20.0 mi SE of Acme, NM
 579-6, 12.4 mi ESE of Hagerman, NM
 579-7, 4.2 mi E of Hagerman, NM
 579-8, 7.3 mi S of Hagerman, NM
 579-9, 2.5 mi ENE of Sunset, NM
 579-10, 11.2 mi E of Sunset, NM
 579-11, 6.2 mi W of Arroyo Macho del, NM
 579-12, 16.7 mi NW of Acme, NM
* Missile explosion destroyed site

See also

 Ivor Parry Evans
 Roswell International Air Center
 New Mexico World War II Army Airfields
 38th Flying Training Wing (World War II)
 Central Air Defense Force (Air Defense Command) (34th Air Division)

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, ).
 Ravenstein, Charles A. Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. .
 Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. ,
 Krauss, Robert (2005) The 509th Remembered: A History of the 509th Composite Group as Told by the Veterans Themselves, 509th Anniversary Reunion, Wichita, Kansas 509th Press
 Lloyd, Alwyn T. (2000), A Cold War Legacy, A Tribute to Strategic Air Command, 1946–1992, Pictorial Histories Publications
 Turner Publishing Company (1997), Strategic Air Command: The Story of the Strategic Air Command and Its People. Turner Publishing Company
 USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present
 ArmyAirForces.com
 Strategic-Air-Command.com

External links

 Official website of the Walker Air Force Base Museum
 Whiteman AFB, Missouri – Current home of the 509th Bombardment Wing
 6th Bombardment Wing
 579th Strategic Missile Squadron
 Walker AFB at Strategic Air Command.Com
 B-36 operations Walker AFB 1955–1957
 Current-Day Walker AFB Photos
 Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Roswell Area (Information on auxiliary airfields of Roswell AAF)

Installations of the United States Air Force in New Mexico
1941 establishments in New Mexico
Roswell, New Mexico
Transportation in Chaves County, New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Chaves County, New Mexico
History of Chaves County, New Mexico
Airports in New Mexico
Military installations closed in 1967
1967 disestablishments in New Mexico
Military in New Mexico

Walker Air Force Base


Sir Trevor Ernest Henry (9 May 1902 – 20 June 2007) was a New Zealand jurist and member of the well known Henry family.

Biography
Henry was born in Thames in 1902, and was the son of John and Edith Henry. He was the eldest of the three sons who include Jack Henry and Clive Henry. He studied law at Auckland University College before being admitted as a barrister in 1925.

He was one of the founding partners of the Auckland law firm, Wilson Henry (now Hesketh Henry), and was involved in several high-profile cases during the 1930s, including the murder trial of Eric Mareo and Dove-Myer Robinson's landmark lawsuit to prevent the Auckland Drainage Board discharging sewage in Auckland Harbour.

Henry was raised to the bench of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1955, the same year that his son, John Henry was raised to the bar. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1970 New Year Honours for his services to the New Zealand justice system. In 1984, Sir Trevor and John made New Zealand legal history as the first father and son to sit together on a High Court bench in New Zealand. Sir Trevor was also a Justice of the Fijian Court of Appeal and served a term as the Chief Justice of Tonga.

Henry continued his family's long history of community involvement, sitting on the 1936 New Zealand Olympic Games selection committee, serving three terms on the New Zealand Parole Board and chairing the New Zealand War Pensions Appeal Board.

Henry's career was described as "meteoric." His inauguration ceremony at the Supreme Court in 1955 saw one of the largest-ever turnouts of Auckland society and Sir George Finlay remarked that Henry possessed a "wiseness, a sense of duty and an experience of men and affairs which should light his path to the end that justice should truly be done."

Sir Duncan McMullin described Henry as a humble man, devoid of pretence, with a meticulous approach to surveying evidence and a sharp mind to analyse issues at the heart of any case. He remained active in New Zealand law well into his 90s, offering opinions and publishing articles on a range of legally related subjects.

Following Henry's death in 2007 at the age of 105, the New Zealand Herald published allegations that he had secretly fathered two children with a young Māori woman from Te Arawa in the 1920s.

References

1902 births
2007 deaths
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
New Zealand centenarians
Men centenarians
New Zealand jurists
New Zealand referees and umpires
New Zealand judges on the courts of Fiji
New Zealand judges on the courts of Tonga
University of Auckland alumni
High Court of New Zealand judges
Chief justices of Tonga
People from Thames, New Zealand
Trevor

Trevor Henry


Westgate is a community within the Hilltop area of Columbus, Ohio. It was partially constructed on land that formerly housed the American Civil War Camp Chase and a Confederate prison. After the Civil War, the land was purchased by Joseph Binns and his associates with the intent to start a Quaker community. These plans failed to materialize and the land was developed as a "streetcar suburb" in the 1920s. Located  west of downtown, the neighborhood is home to Westgate Park and Recreation Center, Westgate Alternative Elementary School, St. Mary Magdalene Church and school, and Parkview United Methodist Church. 4,500 residents live within the Westgate boundaries, most in single family houses.

The Columbus Dispatch named Westgate one of the most affordable neighborhoods in the City of Columbus in October 2008.

Westgate is located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Downtown Columbus and is bounded by W. Broad Street to the north, Demorest Road to the west, Sullivant Avenue to the south, and Hague to the east.

History

Camp Chase

One third of Westgate sits on land that was formerly Camp Chase during the Civil War. This camp was opened in 1861 and served as training grounds for the Union Army. It is named after the former governor of Ohio and Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase. Eventually it was converted to a prisoner of war camp to hold captured Confederate soldiers. At the beginning it held 250 prisoners, but after many expansions it became large enough to house 9,146 men. The camp was emptied of all prisoners on July 5, 1865.

Camp Chase Cemetery

The only thing remaining from Camp Chase today is the cemetery. The cemetery is one of only two remaining federal properties from the Civil War that is located in Columbus. Memorial services began in 1895, and continue to the present day. The headstones were placed in the cemetery between 1906 and 1908 by a marble company in Nelson, Georgia. These headstones do not mark individual graves, but rather exist to represent those that died. Residents began having an annual bean dinner around the cemetery in the 1930s in order to remember and honor those that gave their life in the war. This event continues today and takes place on the last Saturday in June. The Hilltop Historical Society holds an annual memorial service at the cemetery on the second Sunday of June. This event includes reenactment soldiers and characters from the time. The cemetery is currently on the National Registrar of Historic Places and is maintained by the Dayton National Cemetery.

Short Creek Quarterly Meeting of the Quaker Church
Shortly after the Civil War, members of the Short Creek Quarterly meeting of the Quaker Church showed their interest in the ensuing auction of a 463.5-acre plot of land in the Hilltop area. Their intention was to use this land to create their dream Quaker settlement.  Five Quaker men came to the site in 1870 in order to determine whether or not it met their needs. They determined this land to be suitable and consequently returned to purchase it in 1872. This purchase took place on January 23 and cost $87.50 per acre. Many notable Quakers moved here such as John Cowgill, John Hussey, and William H. Harris. Many of the streets in Westgate today are named for these Quaker settlers.

Founding
In 1905, after the end of the Civil War and subsequent purchase of the Camp Chase property by Quaker settlers, the land was sold to a real estate agency and subdivided for housing.  Building of homes began in the 1920s and by the mid-1920s Westgate was established as one of Columbus' streetcar suburbs.

Structures and landmarks

Westgate Park is a 46.3-acre city park located in the center of the Westgate neighborhood. It features a fishing pond, a rain garden, and a playground, as well as picnic areas, an open shelterhouse, a walking trail, and a wooded area.  The Westgate Shelterhouse is available by reservation through the City of Columbus Recreation and Parks department.  It accommodates 180 people and provides heating and air conditioning, a bridal changing room, a covered porch, a fireplace, a foyer, a kitchen, restrooms, tables and chairs, and handicap access.

Westgate Community Recreation Center has amenities including an art room, an auditorium, a ceramics room, a crafts room, a dance room, a fitness room, a game room, a gymnasium, a gymnastics room, a handball court, a kitchen, a lobby area, meeting rooms, a volleyball court, and a weight room.  Athletic fields and courts for tennis, basketball, baseball, soccer, football, etc. are located outside of the facility.

Westgate United Methodist Church is a medium-sized church located at 61 South Powell Avenue. It sits immediately north of West High school. Their mission is to help people to find their way back to God. They have been offering regular weekly services since their foundation in 1927.

Parkview United Methodist Church is centrally located just north of Westgate park. This church was very important in the plan for the neighborhood. This can be seen in the multiple streets that converge around it as well as in its prominent placement in relation to the park. It was constructed in 1941.

Events
Summer Jam West is a free arts and music festival held annually in Westgate Park on the second Saturday in July. There are live bands, local art for sale, hand crafted items for sale, free face painting for the kids and a free art zone.  Summer Jam is open to all.  The focus is on bringing art and music to the Hilltop.

Hilltop Bean Dinner is an annual event held in late June where the Hilltop community congregates in Westgate park to share a meal. This event consists of music, art vendors, historic car shows, and most importantly the bean dinner. This event attracts many people from outside of the Westgate and greater Hilltop area as it is one of the primary annual events in the area.

The Westgate Home and Garden Tour is held on the second Saturday in June, from 2:00 – 6:00 PM.

The Westgate Farmers Market is held on the first and third Saturdays of each month, June through October, from 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM at the West Gate Masonic Lodge.

Education

Westgate Alternative Elementary School is a public kindergarten-through-5th-grade elementary school located at 3080 Wicklow Road in Westgate. Its mission statement reads: "Each student is highly educated, prepared for leadership and service, and empowered for success as a citizen in a global community."  The school's standardized test performance ranks it 962nd among the 1596 Ohio public elementary schools and 7th among the 74 ranked elementary schools in the Columbus City School District.

Saint Mary Magdalene School is a private elementary school that teaches grades kindergarten through 8th. It was established in 1928 and has continually taught students since. The school consists of six buildings which are centrally located on a main campus. It is supported by the Ohio Catholic School Accreditation Association and the State of Ohio.

West High School is a public high school that teaches grades 9–12 and is located at 179 S Powell Ave, Columbus, OH. It shares the same mission statement as Westgate Alternative Elementary School. Their colors are buff and brown and their mascot is the cowboy. In 2014 the school was ranked 708th out of 756 high schools for standardized tests as its average reading score was 76.3. This is up from 2012 when the school was ranked 733rd and had an average reading test score of 69.5.

Residential

Westgate is a very popular neighborhood for first time home buyers because of its location, aesthetic style, and low cost. In 2008 the average cost of a house in Westgate was 120,000 dollars. The majority of the residences in Westgate are single family houses that are owned by their occupants. The typical Westgate house is a cottage style with 2–3 bedrooms and is no taller than two stories. Most houses have either a brick or plaster facade as well as roofs with multiple peaks. This design helps to accentuate the homey feel of the neighborhood.  The uniqueness of each home in Westgate as well as the community's emphasis on façade and yard aesthetics has attracted residents who enjoy the freedom to use original and eclectic design styles.

Westgate has been described as "a nice neighborhood, with a family oriented atmosphere." Westgates residents are very diverse socially but tend to be middle class and young. Currently there is a new wave of people moving to Westgate who are in search of a Clintonville home at a cheap price. Westgate provides these home buyers the perfect option because each of its houses is unique and full of character. The main problem that residents face is the public school system. Both the elementary and high school in Westgate are ranked in the bottom half of public schools in Ohio. Due to this many families move out of Westgate when their kids become old enough to start attending school. The residents of Westgate are actively trying to improve their community as seen by their successful attempt in forming a neighborhood association. Westgate is a quaint, young, unique neighborhood that provides a multitude of benefits to its residents.

The Westgate Neighbors' Association is a non-profit community civic organization formed in February 2008. It is made up of residents in and around the Westgate neighborhood to improve livability in the neighborhood.

Gallery

References

External links

 Friends of the Hilltop
 Westgate Neighbors Association
 Highland West Neighbors Association
 August 2008 Columbus Dispatch Article - "An Affordable Oasis", Part of Top Ten Columbus Neighborhoods to Live In
 Summer Jam West
 Columbus Westside Running Club
 Westgate Farmers Market

Westgate

Westgate (Columbus, Ohio)


Cradle 2 the Grave është film amerikan i vitit 2003 me regji të Andrzej Bartkowiak. Në film luajnë Jet Li dhe DMX. Filmi u publikua në SHBA më 28 shkurt 2003.

Luajnë
Jet Li as Su
DMX as Anthony Fait
Gabrielle Union as Daria
Mark Dacascos as Ling
Kelly Hu as Sona
Drag-On as Miles
Anthony Anderson as Tommy
Tom Arnold as Archie
Paige Hurd as Vanessa Fait
Paolo Seganti as Christophe
Michael Jace as Odion
Chi McBride as "Jump" Chambers
Lester Speight as Chamber's Club Doorman
Randy Couture as Fight Club Fighter #8
Martin Klebba as Fight Club Announcer
Johnny Tri Nguyen as Ling's Henchman
Tito Ortiz as Cage Fighter
Hector Echavarria as Cage Fighter
Chuck Liddell as Cage Fighter
William L. Johnson as Black Diamond Carrier Armored Driver

Filma 2003
Filma amerikanë

Cradle 2 the Grave


The Lieutenant Governor () is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, who is currently Queen Elizabeth II. He/she has the power to grant Royal Assent and is styled His Excellency.

The official residence of the Governor is Government House, Governor's Road, Onchan.

The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial, fiscal (tax raising) and executive power. In about 1900 they had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or Dominion.  However, he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961, as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990.  Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is mainly ceremonial. Some powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council.

Proposed change to title
In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner.  This proposal was sent to the British Department of Constitutional Affairs  for submission to the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for approval. However, in April 2006, after much public disapproval, Tynwald rejected their own proposal and withdrew their request for Royal Assent. Thus the Lieutenant Governor will remain as currently titled.

List of lieutenant governors
Henry Hope (1773-1775)
Richard Dawson (1775-1790)
Alexander Shaw (1790-1804)
Henry Murray (1804-1805)
Cornelius Smelt (1805-1832)
Major General The Honourable John Ready (1832-1845)
The Honourable Charles Hope (1845-1860)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1860) acting
Francis Pigott Stainsby Conant (1860-1863)
Mark Hildesley Quayle (1863) acting
Sir Henry Brougham Loch KCB, Baron Loch (1863-1882)
Sir Spencer Walpole (1882-1893)
Joseph West Ridgeway (1893-1895)
John Henniker-Major, 5th Baron Henniker (1895-1902)
George Fitzroy Henry Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan (1902-1918)
William Fry (1918-1925)
Claude Hill (1925-1932)
Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler (1932-1937)
Vice Admiral William Spencer Leveson-Gower, the Earl Granville, KG, KCVO, CB, DSO (1937-1945)
Air Vice Marshal Sir Geoffrey Rhodes Bromet, KBE, CB, DSO (1945-1952)
Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas, KCIE, CSI (1952-1959)
Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey, KCMG, KCVO (1959-1966)
Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard, KCMG, CVO, MBE (1966-1974)
Sir John Warburton Paul, GCMG, OBE, MC (1974-1980)
Rear Admiral Sir Nigel Cecil, KBE, CB (1980-1985)
Major General Sir Laurence New, CB, CBE (1985-1990)
Air Marshal Sir Laurence Jones, KCB, AFC (1990-1995)
Sir Timothy Daunt, KCMG (1995-2000)
Air Marshal Ian David Macfadyen, CB, OBE (2000-2005)
Deemster Michael Kerruish QC (2005) acting
Vice Admiral Sir Paul Kenneth Haddacks, KCB (2005-2011)
Adam Kenneth Compton Wood (2011 - 2016)
Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney, KCMG CVO KStJ (2016-present)

Related pages
Governors of the Isle of Man
King of Mann
Lord of Mann

Lieutenant Governors of the Isle of Man, List of

Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man


Max Goldin (; August 10, 1917 in Riga, Russian Empire – January 21, 2009 in Riga, Latvia) – a Latvian Jewish musician, known for his studies and compositions in the field of ethnic musical cultures.

He studied composition and music theory in Riga with Jāzeps Vītols through the years of 1935–1939 and composition in Moscow with Anatoly Aleksandrov through 1944–1948. Goldin was teaching the music theory in the Conservatory of Riga. He wrote two dissertations on topics of ethno-musicology. He was awarded the DSc title in 1970 for his studies in that field. He was a Professor Emeritus of the Latvian State Conservatory since 2001.

Discography
Jewish Folksongs arranged by Max Goldin, Ada Svetlova (voice), Natalia Schroeder (piano). LP. Melodiya, Moscow, USSR, 1981, C 13293-4
Jewish Folksongs for a cappella choir arranged by Max Goldin, State Academic Capella of Latvian SSR, conductor Imants Cepitis, Inese Galante, Janis Sprogis (soloists).LP. Melodiya, Moscow, USSR, C 1028553-4
18 Jewish Folk songs arranged by Max Goldin, Inese Galante(voice), Janis Bulavs (violin), Vladimirs Hohlovs (piano), Imants Zemzaris (piano). CD. Campion Records, Wilmslow, England, RRCD 1340

References
Maya Khalturina."Max Goldin from within – a musician took over a rabbi" (in Russian). "Chas" ("Hour") daily publication, May 10, 2002, Riga, Latvia.
http://www.russiancomposers.org.uk/page1605.html
http://ebrejukultura.lv/2013/09/08

1917 births
2009 deaths
Latvian ethnomusicologists
Jewish folklorists
Jewish musicians
Latvian composers
Latvian Jews
Musicians from Riga
Yiddish-language folklore
Soviet composers
20th-century musicologists

Max Goldin


Star Jones is a talk show hosted by former prosecutor Star Jones. A guest-driven live broadcast (with taped segments) covering recent stories from the worlds of pop culture, entertainment, crime, and justice, it premiered on August 20, 2007 on Court TV. On January 31, 2008 TruTV announced the show would be canceled. The last episode aired on February 1, 2008.

The premiere included a discussion of the pros and cons of the CBS reality series Kid Nation and an interview with actor Isaiah Washington. Geraldo Rivera, Shaun Robinson of Access Hollywood, Dr. Marc Lamont Hill, and former CBS morning host Rene Syler were additional guests. Jones ended the program with an "open letter", a regular segment in which she addresses the audience with a closing statement a la Jerry Springer.

In his review in Variety, Brian Lowry described Jones as "utterly off-putting . . . delivering yet another reminder that Oprah Winfrey's skills aren't easily cloned." He referred to her "scant facility for moderating but an unerring knack for uttering non sequiturs" and added, "It's possible, of course, that Jones and her team will gradually revise the formula to better suit her limitations, but at this point, what she cloyingly refers to as "the Star treatment" is, in reality, strictly a third-class affair . . . Jones appears poorly cast and will need a TV makeover to linger beyond Court's name switch to TruTV in January."

The one-hour program aired weekdays at 3:00pm ET/PT.

External links
Interview with Jones
Variety review

2007 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings
TruTV original programming
2000s American television talk shows
English-language television shows

Star Jones (TV series)


Burry Willie Stander (16 September 1987 – 3 January 2013) was a South African mountain biker, the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup under-23 men's cross-country 2009 world champion.

In the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, Stander finished 15th in the cross-country mountain bike race. In the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London, Stander finished 5th in the cross-country mountain bike race.

Stander paired up with Christoph Sauser in 2009 for the Absa Cape Epic. Although the team only managed 6th place that year, they then came back in 2010 to claim 2nd place. Finally in 2011 Stander and Sauser finished in 1st place, making Stander the first South African rider to win the Absa Cape Epic. In 2012 the team were victorious once again, winning the Prologue and four of the seven stages of the marathon stage race.

Stander died on 3 January 2013 after being hit by a taxibus while finishing a training ride and returning to his Concept Cyclery Shop in South Africa. The KwaZulu-Natal minibus taxi driver who struck Stander down was convicted of culpable homicide on 17 April 2015 at the Port Shepstone Magistrates Court, and was sentenced to three years in prison.

Career highlights

2006 to 2007
 3 time U/19 SA XC and Marathon champion
 10th Commonwealth Games 2006
 17th U/23 World Championships 2006
 South African Pro XC champion 2006/2007
 6th U/23 world championships 2007
 African XC MTB champion 2007
 sponsor GT Bicycles / Omnico SA

2008
 Mazda Drifter Barberton SA marathon series opener 1st
 14th Giro del Capo Road Tour and second u/26 rider
 Absa Cape Epic stage win and leader for three stages (did not finish due to injury while leading)
 South Africa Cross Country champion
 3rd U/23 SA Road Championships
 World Cup round 1 Houffalize Belgium 58th
 World Cup round 2 Offenburg Germany 7th
 World Cup round 3 Madrid, Spain 13th
 World Cup round 4 Vallnord, Andorra 2nd
 World Cup round 5 Fort William Scotland 5th
 World Cup round 6 Mont St Anne, Canada 3rd
 World Cup round 7 Bromont Canada 24th
 World Cup round 8 Canberra Australia 6th
 World Cup round 9 Schladming Austria 10th
 World Cup overall standings 5th
 World Cup u/23 champion
 U/23 World Championships 2nd
 Jeep Hill2Hill Marathon champion
 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing 15th
 Sponsor GT Bicycles / Omnico SA
 2009 sponsors: Specialized Bikes, Mr Price, Oakley, Fever publications-weekly mountainbike column, Fast Fuel Nutrition, Crank Brothers Pedals, Garmin, Songo.info-charity involved in building BMX tracks for disadvantaged communities.

In 2010, Stander rode across the line in third place at the Mountain Bike World Championships in Mont-Sainte-Anne, Quebec, Canada.

He won the Absa Cape Epic back to back with team partner Christoph Sauser in 2011 and 2012.

In the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London he finished 5th.

Personal life
Stander hailed from Port Shepstone in KwaZulu-Natal where he attended an Afrikaans Primary and High School (Suid-Natal). He married fellow cyclist Cherise Taylor in May 2012 on the beach of Port Shepstone.

References

External links

 On the road with Burry Stander

1987 births
2013 deaths
People from Port Shepstone
White South African people
South African male cyclists
Cross-country mountain bikers
Olympic cyclists for South Africa
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Cycling road incident deaths
Road incident deaths in South Africa
South African mountain bikers

Burry Stander


Peter ("Pete") Shotton (4 August 1941 – 24 March 2017 aged 75 )was a longtime friend of John Lennon, who founded The Beatles. He later wrote a memoir, John Lennon "In My Life", that was later retitled The Beatles, Lennon and Me.

Early life
Shotton and Lennon met as boys, in their hometown of Woolton, England. Woolton is a suburb of Liverpool. The two fought at first, but soon became best friends. They went to school together, and often got into trouble together. They formed a "gang", with other boys who lived nearby.

During their teenage years, rock and roll became popular in England, as it did in America. Folk music and  were also popular. Young people all over England formed skiffle bands, and played folk and rock songs. Lennon got a guitar from his mother. He and Shotton formed a band, the Quarry Men, with classmates from their school (named Quarry Bank), and other friends.

Shotton's role in the band was to play percussion on a , and to sing harmony. While Lennon had genuine musical talent, Shotton did not become a skilled musician, and did not enjoy playing music. After Paul McCartney joined the Quarry Men, he and Lennon began to work together on music. McCartney was very talented, and Shotton felt out of place in the band. He waited a long time, before he finally told Lennon.

Lennon "fired" Shotton from the Quarry Men after they played at a party. He took the washboard away and broke it over Shotton's head. All the same, they were still friends, and spent time together. When they finished high school, Lennon went on to art college, and Shotton trained to become a police officer. The Quarry Men changed from playing skiffle to playing rock and roll. They also changed names a few times, before calling themselves the Beatles.

The Beatles
When Lennon became famous with the Beatles, he invited Shotton to visit at different times. He and George Harrison, another band member, bought a supermarket with part of their , and made Shotton its manager. Shotton married and had a son. He spent most of the week with his family, but would visit Lennon's home on weekends. Lennon counted on Shotton to be a real friend, who was not only around because Lennon was famous or rich. Shotton and Lennon's wife Cynthia got along well, and Shotton sometimes took Cynthia out for the evening, when Lennon needed to work on music.

Shotton also helped now and then with the Beatles's music. He sometimes helped  or  ideas for songs, or played  or other percussion instruments on their recordings. Later, when the Beatles started their own company, Apple Corps, Shotton became its first managing director.

Apple Corps was not a successful company, and it caused problems between the Beatles, and with the people who worked with them. The problems were not Shotton's fault, but he felt as much pressure and stress as anyone. He resigned his job at Apple. Lennon tried Shotton out as a , but this did not go well. Lennon's relationship with Yoko Ono also caused problems between Lennon and Shotton.

Shotton decided it was best to part ways with Lennon, while their friendship was still strong. He went back to running his supermarket, and he and Lennon lost touch. After Lennon and Yoko Ono moved to America, Shotton visited them in New York City, and they enjoyed seeing each other again.

Later life
John Lennon was murdered late in 1980. When Shotton heard the news, he drove to George Harrison's home, Friar Park, and spent the day with Harrison. Later he wrote his memoir.

Shotton gave up his supermarket, and began a chain of restaurants, Fatty Arbuckle's, which became a success. He later sold this business, and retired to live in Ireland. When former members of Lennon's Quarry Men re-formed in the 1990s as a nostalgia act, Shotton performed with them. He later sang "Imagine" at a tribute to Lennon and the Beatles in Woolton.

Death
Shotton died on 24 March 2017 in Knutsford, Cheshire from a suspected heart attack. aged 75.

References

Writers from Liverpool
The Beatles
1941 births
2017 deaths

Peter Shotton


Andy "Kid" DePaul (born Andrew A. DiPaolo; November 22, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – September 6, 2014) was a noted amateur and professional boxer and referee. He has been the
Pennsylvania State Athletic Commissioner for Western Pennsylvania since 1990. During his amateur boxing career, Andy won 82 of 92 amateur fights.  In 1946 he was the 135 pound Dapper Dan Golden Gloves champion, and the 135 pound AAU AMA Champion.  In 1947 he was the 135 pound and 147 pound Pittsburgh Golden Gloves champion and the 135 pound Eastern Golden Gloves champion, which was held in Madison Square Garden.  He was also an AAU finalist in Boston.  After he turned professional, he compiled a career record of 27 wins, 8 losses, 3 draws. In 1950 he was the ninth-ranked middleweight in the world.

After his professional boxing career ended, DePaul served as a referee for boxing and professional wrestling shows around the Pittsburgh area. He was a featured referee on the very popular Studio Wrestling program broadcast out of Pittsburgh on the old WIIC-TV Channel 11.

Halls of fame

Inducted into Pennsylvania Hall of Fame 1982
Inducted into National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame 1986
Inducted into Pennsylvania Golden Gloves Hall of Fame 2007

His induction ceremony into the Pennsylvania Golden Gloves Hall of Fame was held on Friday, April 20, 2007, at Heinz Field in Pittsburgh.

References

External links
Professional record
Pennsylvania State Athletic Commission website
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article on Pennsylvania Golden Gloves Hall Of Fame induction

1928 births
Pennsylvania State Athletic Commissioners
Professional wrestling referees
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
2014 deaths

Andy DePaul


Marshall Joyner Parker (April 25, 1922 – November 15, 2008)  was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina.

Background

Born in Seaboard in Northampton County in northeastern North Carolina, Parker graduated in 1944 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  In his first year of college, Parker received the Freshmen Athlete of the Year Award. Later, he lettered in boxing and football. Immediately following graduation, he entered the United States Marine Corps and served in the Pacific Theatre during World War II.

Political career

After military service, Parker moved briefly to Danville, Virginia, and then to Seneca, South Carolina.  His political career began in Oconee County, South Carolina, where he served on the Seneca City Council and the Oconee County School Board.  He was thereafter elected as a Democrat to the South Carolina State Senate, having represented Oconee County, which includes his hometown of Seneca. He remained in the state Senate from 1957 to 1967, in which capacity he was instrumental in the creation of his state's technical education system. He owned and operated Oconee Daries, a milk processing plant, which serviced the Golden Corner of South Carolina.

In 1966, Parker switched to Republican affiliation to run for the U.S. Senate. The other Senate seat from South Carolina was held at the time by the Democrat-turned-Republican Strom Thurmond, who had been elected as an Independent write-in candidate in 1954 and as a Democrat in 1960 but switched to the GOP in 1964 to support Barry M. Goldwater for the presidency. Parker did not challenge Thurmond in the Republican primary but instead attempted in a special election for a two-year term to succeed former senator Olin D. Johnston, who died in office in 1965. Meanwhile, Governor Donald S. Russell appointed himself to the Johnston seat. However, Russell was unseated in the 1966 Democratic primary for the Senate by former governor Fritz Hollings. Thereafter in the general election, Hollings narrowly defeated the Republican convert Marshall Parker.

Two years later in 1968, when Senator Hollings sought a full six-year term, he defeated Parker by a comfortable margin even though the Republican presidential nominee, Richard M. Nixon, had narrowly won the electoral votes of South Carolina against American Independent Party nominee George C. Wallace of Alabama and Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota.

Despite his twin defeats by Hollings for the U.S. Senate, Parker remained committed to the newly invigorated South Carolina Republican Party as well as the national GOP. He ran for Congress from South Carolina's 3rd congressional district but was defeated. In later years, he served in the senior leadership at the Small Business Administration under Presidents Nixon and Ronald W. Reagan.

Later years

Marshall Parker retired to his Oconee County farm, where he raised beef cattle.  He was a member of both the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the American Legion and a former member of the Seneca Lions, Sertoma, and Rotary International clubs.  He was a former trustee and a past president of the Capital Foundation of Tri-County Technical College in Pendleton, South Carolina. The auditorium there is named in his honor.

Parker was an active United Methodist. He and his wife of sixty-five years, Martha Parker, had four daughters, nine grandchildren, and one great-grandchild at the time of his death. He died at the age of eighty-six at  Oconee Medical Center in Seneca, South Carolina, after experiencing a year of declining health.

See also
 List of American politicians who switched parties in office

References

External links
 The Political Graveyard

1922 births
2008 deaths
People from Seaboard, North Carolina
People from Seneca, South Carolina
Businesspeople from South Carolina
Farmers from South Carolina
Military personnel from North Carolina
School board members in South Carolina
South Carolina Democrats
South Carolina Republicans
South Carolina state senators
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marines
20th-century American politicians
20th-century Methodists
21st-century Methodists
American United Methodists

Marshall Parker


Marc-Antoine Bourdon Vatry (24 November 1761, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés – 22 April 1828, Paris), brother of Louis-François Bourdon, was a French Naval Minister.

He began in 1778 as a clerk in the offices of the navy at Brest, and as Expeditionary Secretary of Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau in the United States (1781–1783).

Back in France he was appointed director of the colonies at the Department of Navy (1792–1797).
On 3 July 1799, he became Minister of Marine and remained until 1800.

Under the Consulate and Empire, he was maritime prefect of Le Havre, prefect of Vaucluse, and Maine-et-Loire in 1809, Prefect of Gênes. This town erected a statue in memory of the work he had done in this port.  During the Hundred Days, he was prefect of the Isère.

References

1761 births
1828 deaths
People from Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
French Naval Ministers
Ministers of Marine and the Colonies
Prefects of France
Prefects of Maine-et-Loire
Prefects of Isère
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery

Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry


Jimbilum is a small Aboriginal community, located proximate to Kununurra in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley.

Native title
The Miriuwung Gajerrong people are signatories to the Ord Final Agreement, a broad package of measures which implements a platform for future partnerships between the Miriuwung Gajerrong people, WA State Government, industry and developers for the benefit of the wider community and the East Kimberley region.

Governance
At a broader governance level, Yawoorroong Miriuwung Gajerrong Yirrgeb Noong Dawang Aboriginal Corporation (MG Corp) acts in trust on behalf of all MG native title holders to ensure compliance with its obligations under the Ord Final Agreement including those relating to community living areas.

MG Corp was incorporated under the Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Act 2006 in 2006 and its constitution was subsequently amended in 2008.

Although membership to MG Corp is limited to native title holders, MG Corp is not a native title prescribed body corporate. However MG Corp has the authority to assist MG peoples in relation to planning, management and use of traditional lands.

Town planning
Jimbilum Layout Plan No.1 has been prepared in accordance with State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements. Layout Plan No.1 was endorsed by the community on 17 January 2011 and the Western Australian Planning Commission on 29 September 2010. The Layout Plan map-set and background report can be viewed at Planning Western Australia's website.

References

Aboriginal communities in Kimberley (Western Australia)

Jimbilum Community


The Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting, also known as the Chapel of Grace (), is the national shrine of Bavaria dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is known for the many healings which are said to have taken place there, and is commonly called the Lourdes of Germany.

The octagonal chapel which houses the image of Our Lady dates to about A.D. 660, and is the oldest Marian shrine in Germany. The image of Mary venerated there is a Black Madonna of great antiquity (possibly about 1330), carved from lindenwood. The shrine became a popular pilgrim destination when it became known for the miraculous recovery in 1489 of a young boy who had been drowned, after his mother laid his body before the image and prayed to the Blessed Mother for a miracle.

Many of the votive offerings which have been given to the shrine over the centuries are displayed in the porch encircling the church. Also to be seen are the small, silver urns in which many members of the German high nobility would have their hearts placed after their deaths to be brought here. A list is .

The shrine has been served by the Capuchin friars for centuries. One member of the Order, Brother Conrad of Parzham, OFMCap, (1818–1894) served there as porter for over 40 years. During his lifetime of service he developed a reputation for holiness and miraculous healings. He has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church.

The shrine was honored by a visit by Pope John Paul II in November 1980. He was accompanied by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who was born in a nearby town. On 11 September 2006, Ratzinger, newly elected as Pope Benedict XVI, returned to the shrine and donated the episcopal ring he had worn while he was the Archbishop of Munich. The ring is now a part of the scepter held by the Blessed Virgin.

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

References

External links

 Gnadenort Altötting (in German)

Altotting
Altotting
Altotting
Altötting
Roman Catholic chapels in Germany
Roman Catholic shrines in Germany
Altötting (district)

Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting


Elizabeth Eileen Chater (August 22, 1910 – November 10, 2004) was a Canadian writer of novels and poetry, and a professor at San Diego State University.

Biography

Chater was born August 22, 1910, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Her father was a successful attorney who provided a home with a library filled with books. At a time when women were not encouraged to seek higher education, she attended the University of British Columbia at sixteen. While there, she was the President of the Debating Society, Vice President of the senior class, and graduated with honors with a Bachelor of Arts degree. She was married to Melville Thomas Chater in 1932. They moved to Chicago while he attended George Williams College. Returning to Toronto, where he worked for the YMCA, they started their family of three children: Elizabeth Patricia, Eve Lynn, and Kerry Michael. They moved to the United States in 1952. It was during this time that she started writing and teaching at Palos Verdes College.

Under the pseudonym Lee Chaytor, she published several stories in the popular science fiction magazine Fantastic Universe. In 1961, she became a professor at San Diego State College (now San Diego State University), and was awarded a master's degree with honors. It was there that she began a pioneering effort by teaching a course in Science Fiction Creative Writing with Greg Bear as her teacher's assistant. Among the faculty at the time were authors Vernor Vinge and Joan D. Vinge. Patricia Elgin was a student of hers, as was J. Michael Straczynski. Her classes were enormously popular. In 1968 she won the Distinguished Teacher Award and in 1977 she won the Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award. In 1973 she became the inaugural faculty advisor for the S.T.A.R. San Diego on-campus Science Fiction club. Elizabeth taught for seventeen years, attaining full tenure, and retired as a professor emeritus. Her professorial legacy survives in the Special Collections Department of SDSU where the Chater Collection is not only archived, but still used by college professors as a teaching tool. The Chater collection includes a one of a kind original manuscript written by her, and original manuscripts both typed and handwritten by author Joan D. Vinge. There is also her science fiction collection of over 2,500 books and periodicals that she generously donated to the school, a collection that continues to grow through donations from students and faculty. There are now more than 4,000 books in the collection.

After the death of her beloved Mel in 1978, and with the help of her former student and great friend Greg Bear, she formed a partnership with the New York literary agent Richard Curtis. She went on to publish 23 novels in eight years. During this time, she was also on the lecture circuit giving inspirational talks on history and religion, topics of great interest for her.

Elizabeth Chater died on November 10, 2004, at the age of 94.

Personal life
She was the mother of Gary Puckett and the Union Gap bassist Kerry Chater, and the grandmother of author Christopher John Chater. In 2011 Elizabeth's heirs had her literary rights reverted to the family, and her extensive catalog of books was then published by the family run company, Chater Publishing, headed by Christopher John Chater.

Partial book list
 The Elsingham Portrait (1980)
 The Gamester (1980)
 Milady Hot-At-Hand (1981)
 Lord Randal's Tiger (1981)
 Gallant Lady (1981)
 The Random Gentleman (1981)
 A Season for the Heart (1981)
 Angela (1982)
 Milord's Liegewoman (1982)
 A Delicate Situation (1982)
 The Marriage Mart (1983)
 Emerald Love (1983)
 The Reformed Rake (1984)
 The King's Doll (1984)
 The Earl and the Emigree (1985)
 The Runaway Debutante (1985)
 Lady Dearborn's Debut (1986)
 The Duke's Dilemma (1986)
 A Place for Alfreda (1987)
 A Time to Love (1987)
 Miss Cayley's Unicorn (1988)
 The Big Sling (2011, posthumously)

References

External links
Official website

1910 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
San Diego State University faculty
University of British Columbia alumni
Women historical novelists
Women romantic fiction writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Writers of historical romances
Canadian women novelists
Canadian historical novelists
Canadian romantic fiction writers
Canadian science fiction writers
Writers from Vancouver
Canadian expatriates in the United States

Elizabeth Chater


William Charles "Razor" Smith (4 October 1877 – 15 July 1946) was a Surrey slow bowler. Nicknamed "Razor" because of his extreme thinness, Smith was a frail man and prone to serious injury;  he could rarely get through a full season's cricket, but when fit and healthy, could command the sharpest off-break among bowlers of his day. He was also able to bowl a somewhat faster ball with a very high flight that turned a little from leg and, with any help from the pitch, would get up almost straight.

This combination meant that when wickets were treacherous Smith generally proved deadly, but in less favourable conditions he was rarely effective and his slight build meant he was unsuited to large amounts of work as a "stock" bowler even though he had the extreme accuracy required. Consequently, he never came into consideration for Test selection, though he showed great ability on many occasions against the very best batting sides.

Smith was discovered by the great W.G. Grace in the late 1890s and recommended immediately to Surrey, where he had already taken up residence. He took 5 for 50 against a weak Derbyshire side on his County Championship debut in 1900, but played little first-class cricket until 1904. He proved unplayable on wet wickets early in the season, but did nothing when the weather turned dry and was quickly dropped until the last two games. Still, Smith was third in the first-class averages in his first full season. In 1905, he first came to the public eye with a surprising performance against the Australians on a dry pitch at the Oval, in which his fine off-break made him for a time irresistible, and an amazing 7 for 11 against Northamptonshire on a really sticky pitch.

Between 1906 and 1908, Smith was in and out of the Surrey team, but he still headed the averages in 1908 with 58 wickets for just over 14 each. However, it was in 1909 that "Razor" became one of the leading bowlers of the day – despite injuries again keeping him out of many games. He took 95 wickets for under 13 runs each in a wet summer, and his dismissal of Yorkshire for 26 caused a sensation.

It was in 1910 that "Razor" reached the zenith of his fame: his 247 wickets was 72 ahead of his nearest rival and cost only fractionally more than in 1909. With many soft wickets, Smith was frequently unplayable, and the amount of work he got through seemed to shatter thoughts his body was fragile. His success was due in part to a new delivery, a fast kicking leg break in addition to his usual sharp off spinner. Many of his wickets came courtesy of the brave close fielding of Bill Hitch at short leg. Smith took 14 for 29 at the Oval against Northamptonshire, doing the hat-trick in the second innings and being denied one in the first by a dropped catch.

In 1911, despite most pitches being totally unhelpful in an exceptionally dry summer, Smith seized his few chances so well that he was second highest wicket-taker in the country with 160. 1912 was a wet summer that suited Smith's bowling, yet prior to the last three games he had been so out of form – bowling when clearly unfit – that he had the poor record of 69 wickets at 21.43 each. Deadly bowling in the last three games improved his record, yet he was a complete failure (aside from his only first-class century at No. 11) on a Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour of the West Indies. 1913 was basically a repeat of 1912 – "Razor" came into form only at the tail end of the season – and in 1914 Smith could rarely play due to injuries continuing to recur.

After World War I, it was clear "Razor"'s body would not allow him to play more cricket, and he spent the rest of his life working for the bat firm Surridge's. Smith worked there right up until his death from heart failure in 1946.

References

External links

English cricketers
Surrey cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
1877 births
1946 deaths
Oxfordshire cricketers
London County cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Players cricketers
Cricketers from Oxford

Razor Smith


Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) is a computer networking technology specified in IEEE 802.1Qay, an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q standard.  PBB-TE adapts Ethernet to carrier class transport networks. It is based on the layered VLAN tags and MAC-in-MAC encapsulation defined in IEEE 802.1ah (Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB)), but it differs from PBB in eliminating flooding, dynamically created forwarding tables, and spanning tree protocols. Compared to PBB and its predecessors, PBB-TE behaves more predictably and its behavior can be more easily controlled by the network operator, at the expense of requiring up-front connection configuration at each bridge along a forwarding path. PBB-TE Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) is usually based on IEEE 802.1ag.  It was initially based on Nortel's Provider Backbone Transport (PBT).

PBB-TE's connection-oriented features and behaviors, as well as its OAM approach, are inspired by SDH/SONET. PBB-TE can also provide path protection levels similar to the UPSR (Unidirectional Path Switched Ring) protection in SDH/SONET networks.

Principle of operation
The IEEE 802.1Qay PBB-TE standard extends the functionality of IEEE 802.1ah Provider Backbone Bridges, adding a connection-oriented mode using point-to-point trunks that deliver resiliency and configurable performance levels.

A service is identified by an I-SID (Backbone Service Instance Identifier) and each service is associated with a PBB-TE trunk. Each PBB-TE trunk is identified by a triplet of B-SA, B-DA and B-VID. The B-SA and B-DA identify the source and destination bridges, respectively, that are the endpoints of the trunk. The B-VID is a backbone VLAN identifier that is used to distinguish different trunks to the same destination. The management system configures the PBB-TE trunks on all the edge and core bridges by creating static forwarding database entries; the management system is responsible for ensuring that there are no forwarding loops.

The backbone edge bridges map frames to and from an I-SID and perform the MAC header encapsulation and decapsulation functions. The core bridges act as transit nodes. The packets are forwarded based on outer VLAN ID (B-VID) and Destination MAC address (B-DA).

Forwarding is based on the static forwarding database (FDB) entries; dynamic MAC learning is not used. Any incoming broadcast or multicast frames are either dropped or encapsulated as unicast within the trunk.  All Destination Lookup Failure packets are dropped rather than flooded.  By eliminating any broadcasting or flooding, and by using only the loop-free forwarding paths configured by management, there is no longer any need to use a spanning tree protocol.

Path protection is provided by configuring one work and one protect B-VID for each backbone service instance. In case of work path failure (as indicated by loss of 802.1ag continuity check messages, CCMs) the source bridge swaps the B-VID value to redirect the traffic onto the preconfigured protection path within 50 ms.

PBB-TE equipment leverages economies of scale inherent in Ethernet, promising solutions that are 30% to 40% cheaper than T-MPLS networks with identical features and capabilities, giving PBB-TE a better overall return on investment.

Key features
 Traffic and resiliency
 Secure
 Service scalability
 Operational simplicity
 Ethernet tunneling with full MPLS interoperability
 Service and transport layer independence—the services inside the tunnel could be Ethernet, IP, MPLS pseudo-wires, or VPLS.

History

Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering was originally developed in 2006 as a Nortel specific protocol named Provider Backbone Transport (PBT).  The company championed the technology and brought it to the IEEE 802.1 committee where it was renamed to PBB-TE and a working group, P802.1Qay, was chartered on May 7, 2007.  802.1Qay was in sponsor ballot from January 2009 to April 2009.  It was ratified by the IEEE Standards Association on June 18, 2009. It was published in August 2009.

See also
 Carrier Ethernet
 Connection-oriented Ethernet
 IEEE 802.1
 IEEE 802.1ah-2008, Provider Backbone Bridges
 IEEE 802.1aq, Shortest Path Bridging
 Metro Ethernet

References

External links
IEEE 802.1Qay project page -Retrieved 29 July 2011

IEEE 802.1Qay
Network architecture
Network protocols
Nortel protocols
Avaya
Ethernet standards


Narona  () was an Ancient Greek trading post on the Illyrian coast and later Roman city and bishopric, located in the Neretva valley in present-day Croatia, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

History
It was founded as a Greek emporium in c. 3rd/2nd century BC. First time it is mentioned in the chapter 24 of the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. Narona became the major Roman stronghold in the 1st century BC. It was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia. In the 6th century AD, it came under Byzantine rule. The settlement ceased to be in 7th century after the arrival of Slavic tribes in the region.

Ecclesiastical history
 In 530 was established a Diocese of Narona (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Naronen(sis) (Latin adjective), apparently suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Salona (now Split).
 In 533 it lost territories to establish the Diocese of Makarska and the Diocese of Sarsenterum
 In 600 it was suppressed, the city being ruined, its territory being merged into the Diocese of Ragusa.

The only recorded bishop was
 Marcello (530? – 533?), who attended councils of bishops at Salona in both named years.

Titular see
It was nominally restored in 1933 as Latin Titular bishopric of Narona.

It has had the following incumbents, mostly of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, with an archiepiscopal exception :
 Leo Pietsch (1948.08.27 – death 1981.09.30) as Auxiliary Bishop of Graz–Seckau (Austria) (1948.08.27 – 1967) and on emeritate
Titular Archbishop: John Bulaitis (born England, UK) (1981.11.21 – 2010.12.25) as papal diplomat : Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Republic of Congo (1981.11.21 – 1987.07.11), Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Central African Republic (1981.11.21 – 1987.07.11), Apostolic Delegate to Chad (1981.11.21 – 1987.07.11), Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Iran (1987.07.11 – 1991.11.30), Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Korea (1991.11.30 – 1997.03.25), Apostolic Nuncio (ambassador) to Mongolia (1992.09.08 – 1997.03.25), Apostolic Nuncio to Albania (1997.03.25 – 2008.07.26); died 2010
  Helmut Karl Dieser (2011.02.24 – 2016.09.23) as Auxiliary Bishop of Trier (western Germany) (2011.02.24 – 2016.09.23); later Bishop of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany) (2016.09.23 – ...)
 Heriberto Cavazos Pérez (2016.10.31 – ...), as Auxiliary Bishop of Monterrey (Mexico) (2016.10.31 – ...).

Archeology

In 1995 a Roman temple building was discovered, which had been dedicated by the governor Dolabella and contained statues of the emperors  Claudius and Vespasian, as well as two of Augustus and his wife Livia. The statues had been vandalized in the 4th century: they were lying on the floor and their heads had been broken off. The heads of Vespasian and one of the Livias had been acquired in the surrounding area by Arthur Evans in 1878. The heads were thus reunited with their bodies. The famous Roman statues have toured major European museums.

A cathedral and at least two more churches were dug up.

See also
 List of Catholic dioceses in Croatia
 Dalmatia
 List of ancient cities in Illyria
 Salona

References

Sources and external links
 Archeological Museum of Narona -Vid Croatia
 GCatholic - former & titular bishopric
 Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 410
 Nuovo bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1906, p. 211

7th-century disestablishments
Illyrian Croatia
Archaeology of Illyria
Archaeological sites in Croatia
Roman towns and cities in Croatia
Greek colonies in Illyria
Former populated places in the Balkans

it:Diocesi di Narona

Narona


The Olympic Stadium (, ) is a sporting venue which was used as the main stadium for the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. The venue is currently used mostly for athletics, other sports events and music concerts.

When completed, the stadium had a capacity of 31,600. Following the completion of the rival De Kuip stadium in Rotterdam in 1937, the Amsterdam authorities increased the capacity of the Olympic Stadium to 64,000 by adding a second ring to the stadium. In 1987 the stadium was listed as a national monument.

AFC Ajax used the Olympic Stadium for international games until 1996, when the Amsterdam Arena, since 2018 renamed Johan Cruyff Arena, was completed. Renovation started in 1996, and the stadium was refurbished into the original construction of 1928. The second ring of 1937 was removed, reducing capacity to 22,288, and the stadium was made suitable for track and field competitions again.

Since 2005, the stadium is home to a sports museum, the Olympic Experience Amsterdam.

Architecture and design
The Olympic Stadium was designed by architect Jan Wils, and is one of the finest examples of Amsterdamse School architecture, complementing the surrounding neighbourhood designed by H.P. Berlage. The design won the Olympic gold medal in the architecture competition at the 1928 Olympics. The concrete second ring that was added in 1937 to the north and south wing of the stadium was also designed by Jan Wils.

Development history
The original plan of Jan Wils consisted of an extension of the Harry Elte stadium that was situated next to the current Olympic Stadium. This plan was rejected as the municipal government of Amsterdam had planned an important urban development programme in that area, and wanted to demolish the stadium as soon as possible. The second plan was almost fully executed, and consisted of a new Olympic Stadium that was situated more westward. In January 1926, the Amsterdam municipal government, the National Olympic Committee and the NV Nederlandsch Sportpark—the owner of the Harry Elte stadium—reached an agreement; after the Olympic Games of 1928, the Harry Elte stadium would be demolished and the NV Nederlandsch Sportpark would be the owner of the Olympic Stadium. Starting in January 1926, the area in which the stadium was to be built was elevated by means of 750,000 cubic metres of sand. This phase was completed in October of that year and in the same month the construction of the pile foundation began. On 18 May 1927, the ceremonial first stone was placed by Prince Hendrik. Some two million stones would follow.

Characteristics

The football pitch measures 114 by 75 metres. The athletics track around it is eight metres wide and has a perimeter of 400 metres. The cycle track around the athletics track was nine metres wide had a perimeter of 500 metres. It also hosted the equestrian jumping, field hockey, gymnastics and korfball (demonstration) events.

The capacity of the stadium is subject to controversy as the exact capacity was kept secret to press and public during the Games to evade the remark that the stadium's capacity was only marginally bigger than the Harry Elte stadium. It is said that two configurations could be set up in the stadium; one with 21,537 seats and 12,618 standing rooms (33,255 total) and one with 16,197 seats and 25,236 standing rooms (41,433 total). After the Games the NOC admitted that the capacity of the stadium was somewhere near 31,600. Additional seats could be added on the cycle track, which would increase the capacity with 5,900.

The 1928 Olympics introduced the idea of the Olympic Flame. The flame burned for the first time ever in a tall tower, known as the Marathon tower, adjacent to the Olympic Stadium. In the top of the Marathon tower, four balconies are situated which were used during the Games by horn blowers. Above these balconies four speakers from Philips were attached, from which results and messages were broadcast into the Olympic area, a novelty at the time. The bowl on top which carried the Olympic flame was known to Amsterdammers as "the ashtray of KLM pilots". A permanent Olympic flame burning during the tournament was also an Olympic first.

1996 renovation

In 1987 the city government announced plans to demolish the stadium. The stadium was saved, however, when it was listed as a national monument. Renovation started in 1996, and the stadium was refurbished into the original construction of 1928. The second ring of 1937 was removed, and the stadium was made suitable for track and field competitions again. The original bicycle track was also removed to enable the use of the space beneath the seats for offices. The stadium was reopened by the Prince of Orange on 13 May 2000.

In 2007, the area around the stadium was renovated as part of larger urban renewal project covering the entire Olympic area. North of the stadium 969 houses were completed in 2008. In the same year, the islands in the river Schinkel to the west of the stadium were suited with tennis fields and football pitches, an athletics track and a park. The Stadionplein square in front of the stadium was also recently renovated.

Two new bridges were also built around the stadium: to the south there is a new bridge suitable for all traffic, the Na Druk Gelukbrug, and to the Schinkel islands in the west there is a cyclists and pedestrian bridge, called Jan Wilsbrug.

Use after the Olympic Games

The stadium hosted several international matches of the Netherlands national football team, the first one being the game against Uruguay (0–2) during the Summer Olympics on 30 May 1928. The last one was a friendly on 6 September 1989 against Denmark (2–2).

After the Olympics, the stadium was used regularly for various sporting events, including athletics, speedway, field hockey and cycling. The 1954 Tour de France, for example, started outside the stadium. However, it was football that remained the most popular. It was both the home ground of Blauw Wit and BVC Amsterdam (later merged into FC Amsterdam), while AFC Ajax used the stadium for games in which the crowd was expected to exceed the capacity of its own De Meer Stadion (in practice, most of their international matches) or for midweek games which required the use of floodlights, with which the De Meer was not initially suited. Ajax continued this arrangement until the completion of the Amsterdam Arena in 1996, since 2018 renamed the Johan Cruijff Arena.

The Olympic Stadium was the host venue for the 1987 FIM Speedway World Championship Final. The event, held for the first and only time over two days (thus consisting of two separate meetings with the riders aggregate score determining their placing), was won by defending World Champion Hans Nielsen from Denmark. Second was fellow Dane and former twice (1984 and 1985) World Champion Erik Gundersen, while finishing third was American rider Sam Ermolenko (himself a future World Champion in 1993). The speedway track was laid out over the stadiums existing  athletics track. The only Dutchman in the field Henny Kroeze (who had been seeded to the Final so as to have at least one Dutch rider in the field), finished 16th and last in the Final after scoring only one point over the two days with the point coming in his 5th and final ride of the first day.

The Amsterdam Admirals played their inaugural season in the World League of American Football in 1995, and the 1996 season, at the stadium, prior to moving to the Amsterdam Arena. The stadium hosted World Bowl '95.

The stadium hosted the 2016 European Athletics Championships. Because of this, an athletics track was added to the plan for the nearby Park Schinkeleilanden at the last moment. The athletics track in that nearby park, which could be a warming up track when using the main track in the Olympic Stadium for racing, was opened in 2008. The stadium also serves as the start and finish of the Amsterdam Marathon, held every October.

In 2014, the stadium was temporarily fitted with a long track speedskating rink, and hosted the Dutch national championship in Allround and Sprint. This was repeated in 2018 to host the World Allround Championships.[9]

The stadium is also a tourist attraction. Tourists especially come from the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Belgium, and Canada, and tours are available in Dutch, German, Greek, English and French.

The Olympic stadium now also offers spaces around the field for over 30 business.

Famous football games
Famous games, apart from the Olympic Games, include:
 1962 European Cup Final between Benfica and Real Madrid, ended 5–3 for Benfica.
 "De Mistwedstrijd" ("The Fog Match"); Ajax's 5–1 victory over Liverpool FC on 7 December 1966.
 1972 Intercontinal Cup 2nd leg between Ajax and Independiente from Argentina. The contention between the winners of the European Cup and the Copa Libertadores. The match ending in a 3-0 home win, after a 1-1 draw in Argentina.
 1977 European Cup Winners' Cup Final between Hamburger SV and RSC Anderlecht, which the German team won 2–0.
 The second leg of the 1981 UEFA Cup Final between Ipswich Town and AZ Alkmaar (then known as AZ '67). The match ended 4–2 to AZ but with Ipswich winning the first leg 3–0 at Portman Road, Ipswich won the trophy 5–4 on aggregate.
 The second leg of the 1992 UEFA Cup Final between Ajax and Torino F.C. The match ended in a 0–0 draw, but as the result of the first game in Stadio delle Alpi had been another draw (2-2), Ajax won the trophy on away goals.

References

External links

Official website
1928 Summer Olympics official report. pp. 173–205.
The stadium with the concrete second ring of 1937
3d model

Sports venues in Amsterdam
Cycling in Amsterdam
Rijksmonuments in Amsterdam
Netherlands
Amsterdam
Venues of the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletics venues
Olympic cycling venues
Olympic equestrian venues
Olympic football venues
Olympic gymnastics venues
Athletics (track and field) venues in the Netherlands
Velodromes in the Netherlands
Defunct football venues in the Netherlands
AFC Ajax facilities
AFC DWS
Amsterdam-Zuid
Blauw-Wit Amsterdam
Sports venues completed in 1928
1928 establishments in the Netherlands
Brick buildings and structures
Brick Expressionism
Modernist architecture in the Netherlands
Music venues completed in 1928

Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)


A former student at City of London School and Merton College, Oxford, Tim Jackson (born 1965) founded QXL.com, an online auction service, which went public in 1999 at a valuation of around $400m. The company merged with its largest German rival, Ricardo, was renamed Tradus, and was sold to African media group Naspers for around $2 billion in December 2007.

Between 1999 and 2001, Jackson was managing director of Carlyle Internet Partners Europe, a $700m fund that invests in European technology businesses. He remains a senior advisor to Carlyle and is in demand as a speaker and writer.

At the World Economic Forum in Davos 2001, Jackson was selected as one of the 100 "Global Leaders of Tomorrow". In a survey by Business 2.0 magazine amongst new economy business people, he was judged the second most important person they would like to have in their contact book.

He currently (2014) leads Walking Ventures a seed fund which invests in early-stage Internet and other technology startups based in Europe.

Jackson has also written a number of books.

Publications
 Inside Intel: Andy Grove and the Rise of the World's Most Powerful Chip Company. Dutton Adult. 1997
 Richard Branson, Virgin King: Inside Richard Branson's Business Empire. Prima Lifestyles. 1998. (a biography of Richard Branson)
 Turning Japanese: The Fight for Industrial Control of the New Europe. HarperCollins. 1993

References

1965 births
Living people
People educated at the City of London School
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford

Tim Jackson (businessman)


The Concord Prison Experiment, conducted from 1961 to 1963, was designed to evaluate whether the experiences produced by the psychoactive drug psilocybin, derived from psilocybin mushrooms, combined with psychotherapy, could inspire prisoners to leave their antisocial lifestyles behind once they were released. How well it worked was to be judged by comparing the recidivism rate of subjects who received psilocybin with the average for other Concord inmates.

Staff

The experiment was conducted between February 1961 and January 1963 in Concord State Prison, a maximum-security prison for young offenders, in Concord, Massachusetts by a team of Harvard University researchers. The team were under the direction of Timothy Leary and included Michael Hollingshead, Allan Cohen, Alfred Alschuder, George Litwin, Ralph Metzner, Gunther Weil, and Ralph Schwitzgebel, with Madison Presnell as the medical and psychiatric adviser. The original study involved the administration of psilocybin manufactured by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals to assist group psychotherapy for 32 prisoners in an effort to reduce recidivism rates. The researchers would administer psilocybin to themselves along with the prisoners, on the grounds of "[creating] a sense of equality and shared experience, and to dispel the fear that often accompanies relationships between [experimenters] and [subjects]".

Results

Records at Concord State Prison suggested that 64 percent of the 32 subjects would return to prison within six months of parole. However, after six months, only 25 percent of those on parole had returned, six for technical parole violations and two for new offenses. Few short-term projects with prisoners have been effective to even a minor degree.

In addition, a selection of personality tests were administered to the prisoners both before and after the psilocybin experiences, consisting of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Psychological Inventory, the Maher Sentence Completion Test (designed to measure cynicism in prisoners), and a Thematic Apperception Test (constructed to measure motives). The personality test scores indicated a measurable positive change when pre-psilocybin and post-psilocybin results were compared.

Follow-up study

The results of this experiment have been largely contested by a follow-up study, citing several problems including differences in the length of time after release that the study group versus the control group were compared, and other methodology factors including the difference between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations versus imprisoned for new crimes. This study concluded that only a statistically slight improvement could be shown (as opposed to the radical improvement originally reported). In his interview within the study, Leary expressed that the major lesson of the Concord Prison experiment was that the key to a long-term reduction in overall recidivism rates might be the combination of the pre-release administration of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy with a comprehensive post-release follow-up program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous groups to offer support to the released prisoners. The study concluded that whether a new program of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy and post-release programs would significantly reduce recidivism rates is an empirical question that deserves to be addressed within the context of a new experiment.

Related research

A study by led by Dr. Peter Hendricks at the University of Alabama at Birmingham collected data on 25,622 individuals under community corrections supervision in Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities and found that hallucinogen use predicted a reduced likelihood to fail the TASC program. Results suggested that hallucinogens may promote alcohol and other drug abstinence and prosocial behavior in a population with high rates of recidivism.

See also
 Concord Prison Outreach
 Marsh Chapel Experiment
 Psychedelic therapy

References

External links
 Metzner, Ralph Reflections on the Concord Prison Experiment and the Follow-Up Study
 Hollingshead, Michael The Man Who Turned on the World

Clinical trials
History of Harvard University
Timothy Leary
Medical experimentation on prisoners
Psychedelic drug research
Psychology experiments
1960 in Massachusetts
1961 in Massachusetts
1962 in Massachusetts
1963 in Massachusetts
Prison Experiment
History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts

Concord Prison Experiment


The World War I Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was first created in 1919, designed by James Earle Fraser. The medal was originally intended to be created due to an act of the United States Congress.  It was initiated in April of 1921.

Description
The medal is Bronze and 1 3/8 inches in diameter. On the obverse is a winged Victory, standing full length and full face. On the reverse is the inscription "THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILIZATION" and the United States shield with the letters "U.S." surmounted by a fasces, and on either side the names of the allied and associated nations. The lapel button is a five-pointed star 5/8-inch in diameter on a wreath with the letters "U.S." in the center.

Ribbon
The medal is suspended by a ring from a silk ribbon 1 3/8 inches in width, representing two rainbows placed in juxtaposition and having the red in the middle.

1919 establishments in the United States
Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States
World War I

World War I Victory Medal (United States)


The Daihatsu Costa wis a concept caur introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show. It is basically a ceety caur designed tae be taken tae the beach.

The Costa is a licht, weighing anerlie 1,654 pounds (750 kg). It haes no doors, seemilar tae a gowf caurt. It is pouered bi a 660 cc turbocharged 3-cylinder ingine. Its licht wecht an comparatively pouerful ingine mak it relatively fast for its size.

Thare ar nae plans tae bring the Costa intae production.

References
Tokyo Motor Show 2005 Highlights (Costa featured)
Daihatsu Costa Concept - Automobile Magazine
IGN: 2005 Tokyo Motor Show - Part 2 (with Costa)

Costa
Concept automobiles

Daihatsu Costa