Adam Alan Lind (born July 17, 1983) is an American former professional baseball first baseman. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Milwaukee Brewers, Seattle Mariners and Washington Nationals. Lind has also appeared as a designated hitter and in left field. In 2009, Lind won the Silver Slugger Award and the Edgar Martínez Award.

Early life
Lind was born in Muncie, Indiana, on July 17, 1983, and later moved to Anderson, Indiana, where he attended Highland High School. He has an older sister, Allison.

Lind was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the eighth round (242nd overall) of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft. He did not sign with the Twins, and attended the University of South Alabama in 2003 and 2004 before being drafted by the Jays in 2004 as a draft-eligible sophomore. In 2003, he was named as a Freshman second team All-American first baseman and played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League. In 2004, he was named a Sun Belt Conference All-Star outfielder.

Professional career

Toronto Blue Jays

Minor leagues
The Toronto Blue Jays selected Lind in the third round, with the 83rd overall selection of the 2004 Major League Baseball draft. In his first professional season, Lind hit .312 with seven home runs and 50 runs batted in 70 games for the Low-A Auburn Doubledays. He was promoted to the High-A Dunedin Blue Jays in 2005, where he batted .313 with 12 home runs and 84 RBI in 126 games played.

2006–2008

Lind was a September call-up for the Blue Jays in 2006, and his first major league hit, a double, came on September 2 against Lenny DiNardo of the Boston Red Sox. He hit his first major league career home run on September 10 against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim off fellow rookie Jered Weaver. In 18 games at the major league level in 2006, Lind hit .367 with two home runs and 8 RBI. In the minors that season, Lind batted .330 with 24 home runs and 89 RBI split between the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats and Triple-A Syracuse SkyChiefs. For his efforts in Double-A, he was named the 2006 Eastern League MVP.

Lind was called up on April 13, 2007, from Syracuse to replace Reed Johnson, who was placed on the disabled list with a herniated disc in his back. Lind was optioned to Triple-A Syracuse on July 7, 2007, when Johnson was activated from the disabled list. For the 2007 season, Lind had a .238 batting average with 11 homers and 46 RBI. After a poor start to the 2008 season, Lind was demoted to Triple-A. He subsequently hit .300 at the Triple-A level and earned a call-up again to the Blue Jays on June 21, 2008. After being recalled, Lind finished the 2008 season hitting .282 with nine homers and 40 RBI in 88 games.

2009–2010
In 2009, Lind was the Opening Day designated hitter for the Blue Jays and drove in six runs against the Detroit Tigers, a Blue Jay Opening Day record, propelling the Jays to a 12–5 victory. He went on to tie the Blue Jays record of 11 RBI in five games to start the season, set by Carlos Delgado in 2001. Lind ended April with four homers, 20 RBIs and a .315 batting average in 23 games. In a game against the Texas Rangers on August 31, Lind hit a grand slam, the first of his career, and had a career single-game high eight RBI. He became the second Blue Jay of the 2009 season (after Lyle Overbay) to win AL Player of the Week (for the week ending September 6), sharing the award with Tampa Bay's Evan Longoria. On September 14, Lind drove in three runs to reach 100 RBIs on the season, becoming the first Blue Jay to do so since Troy Glaus and Vernon Wells in 2006. The next day, Lind hit his 30th home run of the season, joining teammate Aaron Hill with thirty or more home runs. On September 29, 2009, Lind hit three home runs in a game against the Boston Red Sox. He finished the 2009 season with a .305 batting average, 35 home runs, 114 RBI, 46 doubles, and 179 hits.

Lind won the Edgar Martinez Award as the outstanding DH for the 2009 season on December 15, 2009. He became the third Jay to win the award. Previous Jays to win the award were Dave Winfield and Paul Molitor. Lind also received the American League Silver Slugger Award for designated hitter.

On April 3, 2010, Lind signed a four-year contract extension with the Blue Jays. He would earn $400,000 in the 2010 season, with a $600,000 signing bonus, and $5 million per season for 2011, 2012 and 2013. The Blue Jays also had the right to exercise yearly club options of $7 million for 2014 (or buy out the contract for $2 million), $7.5 million for 2015 (or $1.5 million buyout), and $8 million for 2016 (or $500,000 buyout).

2011–2012

On Opening Day of the 2011 season, Lind hit his first home run of the season, back-to-back with José Bautista. On May 17, Lind was placed on the 15-day disabled list for "lower back stiffness", retroactive to May 8. On June 5, Lind made his return to the lineup against the Baltimore Orioles. He finished 0-for-3 with one walk. On August 13, Lind hit his 100th career home run (and his second grand slam of the season) off Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim starter Jered Weaver. In 125 games with Toronto, Lind hit .251 with 26 home runs and 87 RBI.

In 2012, in a game against the Kansas City Royals on April 20, Lind recorded the first two outs of a triple play, the first triple play by the Blue Jays since 1979, and the fourth in franchise history. On May 17, the Blue Jays optioned Lind to the Las Vegas 51s of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Yan Gomes was called up to replace Lind. Later that month, Lind was placed on outright waivers. This made it possible for another team to claim Lind and to become responsible for the remainder of his contract. Lind went unclaimed and on May 31, was removed from the Blue Jays 40-man roster, allowing the team to select the contract of Robert Coello. On June 24, the Blue Jays recalled Lind from Triple-A. In 93 games with Toronto, Lind hit .255 with 11 home runs and 45 RBI.

2013–2014
Lind had a bounce back year for the Blue Jays in 2013. In 143 games, he hit .288 with 23 home runs and 67 RBI, while playing the majority of his games at first base.

In 2014, Lind spent time on the disabled list due to a broken foot. He saw a reduction in his power numbers, but improved his batting average, finishing the season with a .321 batting average, six home runs, and 40 RBIs in 96 games.

Milwaukee Brewers

On November 1, 2014, Lind was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for pitcher Marco Estrada. He played in 149 games for the Brewers in 2015, and batted .277 with 20 home runs and 87 RBI. On November 3, the Brewers exercised their $8 million option on Lind for the 2016 season.

Seattle Mariners
On December 9, 2015, the Brewers traded Lind to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for minor leaguers Carlos Herrera, Daniel Missaki, and Freddy Peralta. During the 2016 season, Lind played in 126 games for the Mariners, batting .239 with 20 home runs and 58 RBI.

Washington Nationals
On February 15, 2017, Lind signed a one-year contract with the Washington Nationals. The contract included a mutual option for the 2018 season. In his first at bat, pinch hitting for Stephen Strasburg, Lind hit a two-run home run on April 3. Lind batted .303 with 14 home runs and 59 RBI while appearing in 116 games for the Nationals during the 2017 regular season. Lind made his postseason debut in the 2017 National League Division Series, playing in three games during the 3–2 series loss to the Chicago Cubs; he had two hits in three pinch hitting at bats.

New York Yankees
On March 2, 2018, Lind signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees, receiving a non-roster invitation to spring training. He was released by the Yankees on March 14, and re-signed with the Yankees on April 18, and released again on May 25. Lind appeared in eight games for the Class A-Advanced Tampa Tarpons, batting .429, and 16 games for the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, batting .241.

Boston Red Sox
On June 2, 2018, Lind signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox. In 46 games with the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox, he batted .216 with eight home runs and 32 RBI. The Red Sox released Lind on August 1, 2018.

Personal life
Lind is Catholic. His wife, Lakeyshia Bertie, is originally from Richmond Hill, Ontario; the couple met while Lind was playing for the Blue Jays in 2007, and they were married in a Catholic ceremony on November 13, 2010, in Toronto. She gave birth to their first daughter in September 2011. A son, their second child, was born on April 25, 2013. His nickname is "Adam Bomb."

References

External links

, or Retrosheet

1983 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Auburn Doubledays players
Baseball players from Indiana
Catholics from Indiana
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Las Vegas 51s players
Major League Baseball designated hitters
Major League Baseball first basemen
Milwaukee Brewers players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Peoria Saguaros players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Seattle Mariners players
Silver Slugger Award winners
South Alabama Jaguars baseball players
Sportspeople from Anderson, Indiana
Sportspeople from Muncie, Indiana
Syracuse Chiefs players
Syracuse SkyChiefs players
Tampa Tarpons players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Wareham Gatemen players
Washington Nationals players

Adam Lind


The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu-Tungus, Tungus) are spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria. Some linguists consider them to be part of the Altaic languages but many others do not think so.

Many Tungusic languages are in danger, and the long-term future of the family is uncertain.

Classification
Linguists working on Tungusic have proposed a number of different classifications based on different criteria, including morphological, lexical, and phonological characteristics.

Northern Tungusic
 Evenki (obsolete: Tungus), spoken by Ewenkis in central Siberia and northeastern China and
 Even (Lamut) of eastern Siberia

These languages can be considered dialects or related languages of Evenki:
 Oroqen
 Negidal
 Solon
 Manegir

Southern Tungusic
Southeast Tungusic
 Nanai (Gold, Goldi, Hezhen)
 Akani
 Birar
 Kile
 Samagir
 Orok
 Ulch
 Oroch
 Udege
Southwest Tungusic (or the Jurchen-Manchu group)
 Manchu of Manchuria, the language of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Dynasty of China.
 Sibe - spoken in Xinjiang autonomous region by descendants of a Manchurian tribe dispatched by the Qing Dynasty to Xinjiang as a military garrison.
Jurchen - an extinct language of the Jin Dynasty of China.
Jurchen-Manchu (Jurchen and Manchu are simply different stages of the same language).

References

 Ethnologue entry for Tungus languages
Kane, Daniel. The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, Volume 153. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1989.

Other websites
Monumenta Altaica - Altaic Linguistics. Grammars, Texts, Dictionaries, Bibliographies of Mongolian and other Altaic languages
Tungusic Research Group at Dartmouth College

Languages of Asia

Tungusic languages


In Society is a 1944 film starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello. It was the first of five Abbott and Costello films to be directed by Jean Yarbrough. It was re-released in 1953.

Plot
Eddie Harrington and Albert Mansfield are plumbers who receive a call about a leak in the private bathroom of Mr. Van Cleve, a wealthy businessman. The grumpy man, though his costume is ready, does not attend the ball but goes to bed instead. The leak is keeping him awake, but the costume ball that his wife is throwing downstairs is not.

Eddie and Albert enlist the aid of a friend, Elsie Hammerdingle, a taxi driver, to take them to the mansion. While they are upstairs attempting to fix the leak—but flooding the room instead—Peter Evans, a guest dressed as a cab driver, mistakes Elsie for another costumed guest, despite her insistence that she really is just a cab driver. He winds up inviting her to another gala event, Mrs. Winthrop's estate Briarwood, where a valuable painting, The Plunger (a heavy gambler), is to be unveiled.

Mrs. Van Cleve was intending to send Eddie and Albert a letter of complaint for the devastation that they inflicted on her home. However, she is distracted for a moment while doing her mail, and instead sends them her own invitation to the unveiling of the Plunger at Briarwood. They think it is a reward for a job well done and look at it as a chance to meet other wealthy clients. Albert, being a plumber, can only think of a plumbing tool and is amazed at the value of the painting. However, a loan shark named Drexel to whom they owe money (they borrowed money from him to start their business and are balking at repaying him), demands they steal the painting while they are there. When they refuse to go through with the plan, Drexel and Marlow, a crooked chauffeur at the party, attempt to steal the painting themselves. When the painting is discovered to be missing, Gloria Winthrop, accuses Elsie, Eddie, and Albert of being the thieves. However, they clear their names when Eddie and Albert, in a fire truck, capture Drexel and Marlow and recover the painting.

At the end, some guests claim that Eddie and Albert stole their tuxedos and the two are chased across a field.

Cast
 Bud Abbott as Eddie Harrington
 Lou Costello as Albert Mansfield
 Marion Hutton as Elsie
 Kirby Grant as Peter
 Margaret Irving as Mrs. Winthrop
 Anne Gillis as Gloria
 Arthur Treacher as Pipps
 Thomas Gomez as Drexel
 George Dolenz as Count Alexis
 Steven Geray as Baron Sergei
 Murray Leonard as Marlow
 Thurston Hall as Mr. Van Cleve
 Nella Walker as Mrs. Van Cleve
 William B. Davidson as Parker

The credits at the end of the movie has George Dolenz and Steven Geray roles switched.

Routines
This film includes the classic "Bagel Street" scene—itself adapted from the vaudeville routine "Floogle Street"—during which Abbott and Costello attempt to deliver straw hats to the Susquehanna Hat Company, but everyone they meet along the way has a reason for hating that company, including a lunatic who claims that he was killed on Bagel Street, and each of them destroys a hat until there are none left.

This is followed by another scene where the two men go careening down a steep street on a sofa, barely missing collisions, and causing havoc until the sofa lands in the river.

Another classic routine at the end of the movie was the throwing of rocks to stop the boys in their tracks at a tremendous distance. The point of comedy was no one could throw anything at that distance to hit their target with accuracy. This routine was "borrowed" from earlier comedies such as Laurel and Hardy and later with The Three Stooges.

Production
Filmed from June 12 through July 21, 1944, with much of it being filmed at the Jewett Estate on Arden Road in Pasadena, California.

Although Abbott and Costello made this film for Universal Pictures  after they filmed Lost in a Harem for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, this movie was released first.

Lou Costello had recently returned to work following a battle with rheumatic fever. As a result, Universal wanted to release this film as quickly as possible. To save time, much of the climactic fire engine chase was lifted from W.C. Fields' Never Give a Sucker an Even Break.

Home media
This film has been released twice on DVD. The first release was on The Best of Abbott and Costello Volume Two, May 4, 2004, and the second was on October 28, 2008 as part of Abbott and Costello: The Complete Universal Pictures Collection.

See also
List of American films of 1944

References

External links

 In Society at Abbott & Costello - Who's on First?

1944 films
American black-and-white films
Abbott and Costello films
Films directed by Jean Yarbrough
Universal Pictures films
1944 comedy films
American comedy films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

In Society


Matanzas is one of the provinces of Cuba.

Location

Major towns
Major towns in the province include Cárdenas, Jovellanos and the capital of the same name, Matanzas. The resort town of Varadero is also located in this province.

Geographical location and appearance
The second largest in Cuba, Matanzas province is largely flat, with its highest point (Pan de Matanzas) at only 380m above sea level.

The north coast has numerous small cays of its coast, and scrubland and mangroves near the shoreline.

The southern coast has one of Cuba's most distinctive features: an enormous marsh, Ciénaga de Zapata that covers both the southern part of the province and the peninsula of the same name. East of the peninsula lies the Bay of Pigs, the site of the failed US backed invasion.

Economy
Of Cuba's provinces, Matanzas is one of the most industrialised, with petroleum wells, refineries, supertanker facilities, and 21 sugar mills to process the harvests of the fields of sugarcane in the province.

Municipalities
 Agramonte
 Alacranes
 Arcos de Canasí
 Bolondrón
 Cárdenas
 Carlos Rojas
 Colón
 Guamacaro
 Jagüey Grande
 Jovellanos
 Juan Gualberto Gómez
 Los Arabos
 Manguito
 Martí
 Matanzas
 Máximo Gómez
 Pedro Betancourt
 Perico
 San Antonio de Cabezas
 San José de los Ramos
 Santa Ana (Cidra)
 Unión de Reyes
 Varadero

References
Cuba Demographycs

Other websites
Provincial portal

Provinces of Cuba

Matanzas Province


A sandbox or sandpit is a small area filled with sand made for children to play in. Sandboxes are often rectangular with wooden sides. They can be installed in the gardens of homes. Sandpits are also very popular for making sandcastles. However, some animals use them for litter trays. Sandboxes can be found in most elementary schools. They can also be made of plastic, and in different shapes.

History
German sand gardens were the first children's toys used by the public. They were brought to the United States at an unknown time, in Boston.

Toys

Sandpit


AIDS is a computer virus that infects .COM and .EXE files. In MS-DOS, the .COM and .EXE files run programs including the operating system. When a computer is infected with this virus, it loads the virus into the computer memory. There, the AIDS virus may infect another .COM or .EXE file each time it is run. AIDS writes on the first 13,952 bytes of an infected executable file. These corrupted files have to be deleted and replaced by non-corrupted backups to remove the virus.

This virus is also known as the "Hahaha virus" in Europe. IBM calls it the "Taunt virus". When an infected computer starts up, it displays a message, with AIDS covering about half of the screen. The system is then halted. It is impossible to recover the original information of the file on the rewritten part.

References

Malware

AIDS (MS-DOS)


Ernst Haberbier (5 October 1813 – 12 March 1869) was a German composer, pianist and music teacher.

Biography

Ernst Haberbier was born in 1813 in Königsberg. He studied the piano with his father who was an organist. When he was nineteen he left Königsberg and moved to Saint Petersburg. There he became famous as a concert pianist and as a teacher. He became the Imperial Court Pianist in 1847. Around 1850 he moved to Christiania to work on his technique. He gave concerts around Europe until 1866. Then he moved to Bergen and became a teacher. He died 1869 while he was playing a concert. As a composer, Haberbier was best known for his piano music. Two sets of pieces called Études-Poésies (Op 53 and Op 59) were very popular. They are still sometimes played today.

References

Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1900) p 242

External links

1813 births
1869 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century German composers
19th-century German male musicians
German classical pianists
German male classical composers
German male pianists
German music educators
German Romantic composers
Male classical pianists

Ernst Haberbier


Meryl Danielle Cassie (born 2 April 1984) is a New Zealand actress and singer. She has three children, a son, Rylon born in 2006 and two daughters Breeze (Born 18 October 2013) and Diaz (born 2015). She is most famous for her role as Ebony in the sci-fi series The Tribe, but has also appeared in other series, such as Revelations - The Initial Journey, Shortland Street and Hercules.

She is also a talented singer, and sung the theme song of The Tribe from season 2 to 5, including being the lead singer on Abe Messiah, an album inspired from The Tribe. Along with her sisters Megan Alatini and Monique Cassie, she formed a band called the Nubian Angels in her early teens. The band relaunched in 2007, and have made various performances for charity in co-operation with Variety, the Children's Charity, including joining them on the 2008 Variety Bash tour, and at other charity and social events.

Cassie moved from New Zealand to Bondi Beach, Australia in 2008. She auditioned for Australian Idol but was not selected.

Career

Cassie wanted to become an actress ever since she was five years old. She has trained in drama at the Young People's Theatre and Nathan Homestead. Because she wanted to get into acting as soon as possible, she got an agent at the age of 9, as she saw this as the first and best option to achieve her goal. Cassie got her first acting job in the New Zealand kids show What Now at the age of 11, where she starred as a field presenter.

In 1998, Cassie auditioned for the show that would give her both success and acting experience: The Tribe. She auditioned for the role of the character Salene, but the producers called her and told her she had received the role of Ebony, one of the antagonistic characters on the show.

Official filming of the first season commenced in August 1998, and lasted for six months to March 1999. The fifth and last season wrapped up principal photography on 1 March 2003.

In the period of 2004 to 2007, Cassie went on a hiatus, and took a break from acting and singing. She worked in a bank, helped out at her mother's hair braiding salon and gave birth to her first child, Rylon Ngarino Watt, on 16 September 2006.

In 2004, she auditioned for New Zealand Idol. She did not make it past the second round, partly because the judges thought she had too much experience to be in the contest. Various reports have stated that Cassie was very sad and actually cried on camera, saying how mean the judges were. Cassie's brother, Miguel Cassie, was going to make a TV documentary about Idol, where the rejected contestants could have a new chance. This show never saw the light of day.

In 2006 Cassie provided music for New Zealand teen series Karaoke High. Though she didn't appear on the show, she provided her singing talent for the character Miri (played by Alina Transom).

In 2008 Cassie appeared in the music video for P-Money's "Everything", where she was dancing on the shoulders of the lead female in the music video. She also sang an impromptu performance of the Kelly Clarkson track "A Moment Like This" at a reunion of members of The Tribe cast, which was held on 13 September 2008. She ended the year performing on stage at the Coca-Cola Christmas in the Park 2008, where she sang "What Time Is It?" with fellow New Zealand entertainers Drew Neemia, Catherine Campion, Anthony Utama, Cameron Douglas and Jodie Clarke.

Following on from her appearance in P-Money's music video for "Everything" in 2008, Cassie became the lead in his music video "Angels", where she plays the girlfriend of P-Money's who is being haunted by supernatural beings. January 2010 saw Cassie appear in Legend of the Seeker, in the season 2 episode "Resurrection" where she played a courtesan named Bella.

As well performing in several gigs in Auckland, Cassie also featured on the P-Money album Everything, doing vocals on the track Dance With You. The track also features PNC, Vince Harder and Mz J. Cassie joined them and P-Money in the music video for the track, it marked her third appearance in a P-Money music video.

In August 2010 Cassie has an appearance on New Zealand comedy series The Jono Project where she will be in a parody/homage to the international hit show Glee (TV Series).

In 2013, Cassie successfully auditioned for The X Factor, progressing to the boot camp round, but failed to make it through the following round.

As of 2017 Cassie is now touring as the ring mistress of the Weber Bros Circus show Adrenaline throughout New Zealand.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
New Zealand television actresses
South African emigrants to New Zealand
People from George, South Africa
Coloured South African people
21st-century New Zealand  women singers

Meryl Cassie


The following is a list of episodes from the penultimate season of the PBS series, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which aired in 2000.

Episode 1 (Curiosity)
Rogers uses a frame to concentrate on small sections of a large mural. Seeing a set of vegetables in one section of the mural, he reflects on a visit to a vegetable garden, referred to as an "edible school yard". In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, King Friday is irritated when Purple Panda and his compatriot, Little Panda, fool him. He commands that they cancel all curiosity.

Aired on February 21, 2000.

Episode 2 (Curiosity)
Rogers makes a shaker out of small lid tops and a can before seeing several homemade instruments played at Negri's Music Shop. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Chuck Aber begins to build a truck frame around curious Daniel's Clock. Little Panda tries to show Prince Tuesday how to travel "the Purple way," but they both get lost.

Aired on February 22, 2000.

Episode 3 (Curiosity)
Rogers visits a friend who takes him on a bucket lift prior to trimming trees. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Purple Panda suggests that Little Panda and Prince Tuesday may not be on anyplace familiar.

Aired on February 23, 2000.

Episode 4 (Curiosity)
Rogers gives a final discussion on false faces. He then visits a new studio set, the toy-and-book store run by a new neighbor, Tony Chiroldes. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, everyone is still looking for Little Panda and Prince Tuesday. Betty Okonak Templeton uses a telescope, as do the others, to discover just the planet to seek. It is up to HulaMouse to rescue Tuesday and Little Panda.

Aired on February 24, 2000.

Episode 5 (Curiosity)
Rogers reads his own book titled "Daniel Striped Tiger Gets Ready for Bed". He visits with violinist Hilary Hahn at Negri's Music Shop. Nighttime grips the Neighborhood of Make-Believe with worry over Little Panda and Prince Tuesday.  However, the two return safely much to everyone's relief.

Aired on February 25, 2000.

Episode 6 (Ready to Read?)
Rogers immediately goes to see elephants of different sizes. He also shows a video on how backpacks are made. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, an over-curious King Friday asks that Cornflake S. Pecially should build a machine to look inside of things.

 Aired on August 28, 2000.

Episode 7 (Ready to Read?)
Rogers visits guitarist Manuel Barrueco at Negri's Music Shop. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Queen Sara gives HulaMouse a picture with several hoops and a few hidden letters.

Aired on August 29, 2000.

Episode 8 (Ready to Read?)
Rogers witnesses a majestic ballet dancer and her teacher. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Lady Elaine reveals her plans for a new game show.

Aired on August 30, 2000.

Episode 9 (Ready to Read?)
Chuck Aber visits the television house with his H.J. Elephant III puppet and the book I Read Signs. In the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Lady Aberlin discovers H.J. Elephant III knows sign language. What nobody knows is how to get H.J. involved in The Reading Game.

Aired on August 31, 2000.

Episode 10 (Ready to Read?)
Given assistance from Mayor Maggie, H.J. Elephant reads his first words on Lady Elaine's new show, The Reading Game. Mr. McFeely shows Rogers a video on how ball caps are made.

Aired on September 1, 2000.

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood seasons

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (season 30)


Ghost detainee is a term used in the executive branch of the United States government to designate a person held in a detention center, whose identity has been hidden by keeping them unregistered and therefore anonymous. Such uses arose as the Bush administration initiated the War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks of 2001 in the United States. As documented in the 2004 Taguba Report, it was used in the same manner by United States officials and contractors of the Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq in 2003–2004.

According to the Swiss senator Dick Marty's memorandum on "alleged detention in Council of Europe states", the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has captured about one hundred persons on European territory and subsequently rendered them to countries where they may have been tortured. This number of one hundred extraordinarily rendered persons is in addition to the estimated hundred U.S. ghost detainees.

Secret CIA prisons

According to then-CIA chief Michael Hayden in 2007, the CIA had detained up to 100 people at secret facilities abroad (known as black sites) since the 2002 capture of the suspected Al Qaeda operative Abu Zubaydah.

One example is Khalid El-Masri, a German citizen abducted by the CIA in Macedonia in January 2004. He was taken to a CIA black site in Afghanistan, known as the Salt Pit, for questioning under 'enhanced interrogation techniques' before he was determined to be innocent in March and eventually released in May 2004 after some additional delays. His abduction was said to be a case of mistaken identity. Germany initially claimed that it did not know of el-Masri's abduction until his return to the country in May 2004. But, on June 1, 2006, the BND (German intelligence agency) declared that it had known of El-Masri's seizure 16 months before Germany was officially informed of his arrest.

In a 2007 report, Human Rights Watch related the claims of an alleged ghost detainee, Marwan Jabour, a Palestinian who was arrested in Lahore, Pakistan, in May 2004. He claimed to have been held for more than a month in a secret detention facility operated by Pakistanis and Americans in Islamabad. He was flown to a CIA prison in Afghanistan, where he was held in secret, incommunicado detention for more than two years. During his ordeal, he was tortured, beaten, forced to stay awake for days, and kept naked and chained to a wall for more than a month.

At least 39 detainees who were once held by the CIA in secret detention remain "disappeared," according to Off the Record, a report jointly published June 7, 2007 by six leading human rights groups, including Amnesty International, the Center for Constitutional Rights, the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, and Human Rights Watch. Spokesmen say that their report:

reveals the extent to which the United States has illegally used "proxy detention" to empty its secret sites and demonstrates that far from targeting the "worst of the worst," the system sweeps up low-level detainees and even involves the detention of the wives and children of the "disappeared," in violation of their human rights. 'Off the Record' also documents allegations concerning the treatment of detainees while in secret detention, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Abu Ghraib's ghost detainees
The practice of ghosting first achieved widespread attention in 2005 when The Washington Post broke a story suggesting that the U.S. Army and the CIA were detaining "unlawful enemy combatants" at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq with little or no due process. According to the article, the CIA asked military intelligence officials to let them house ghost detainees at Abu Ghraib by September 2003 and proposed a memorandum of understanding between the agencies on the topic that November. The Army and the Defense Department have acknowledged that the United States has used ghosting in the past, but have said it was limited to isolated incidents. According to documents obtained by the Post, "unregistered CIA detainees were brought to Abu Ghraib several times a week in late 2003."

The Post cited as evidence the 2004 report by Major General Antonio Taguba:

in a report describing abuses of detainees at the Abu Ghraib prison near Baghdad, [he] blamed the 800th Military Police Brigade, which guarded the prison, for allowing 'other government agencies' — a euphemism that includes the CIA — to hide 'ghost' detainees at Abu Ghraib. The practice, he wrote, 'was deceptive, contrary to Army doctrine, and in violation of international law'.

When news of a detainee known only as Triple X became known to the public in late 2003, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was questioned about him. Rumsfeld was evasive, and speculated about why someone would want to keep a prisoner hidden from the Red Cross. This is considered a war crime under international law.

On September 9, 2004, General Paul J. Kern testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee, stating that an inquiry he led found that the Army had cooperated with the CIA in hiding dozens of ghost detainees from the Red Cross. Kern told the Committee there may have been as many as 100 ghost detainees.

In addition to allegations and reports about ghost detainees in Iraq or East Asian countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan, there have been reports that the U.S. had held prisoners in detention centers in some European states. In 2006 the Swiss senator Dick Marty wrote a memorandum on "alleged detention in Council of Europe states." He said the CIA had captured about 100 persons on European territory and subsequently rendered them to countries where they may have been tortured. The BBC reported that this number of 100 extraordinarily rendered persons is in addition to the estimated 100 U.S. ghost detainees.

Criticism
The practice has been criticized by Amnesty International and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as improper and illegal; it prevents these prisoners from having contact with inspectors and human rights advocates, and the families of the prisoners have to deal with a "forced disappearance". One 2005 report by Amnesty International indicated that more than 100 ghost detainees may have been held in U.S.-operated black sites at the time of publication.

In May 2005, Irene Khan of Amnesty International addressed the issue in a speech:

According to U.S. official sources there could be over one hundred ghost detainees held by the U.S. In 2004, thousands of people were held by the U.S. in Iraq, hundreds in Afghanistan, and undisclosed numbers in undisclosed locations. AI (Amnesty International) is calling on the U.S. government to "close Guantanamo and disclose the rest." What we mean by this is: either release the prisoners or charge and prosecute them with due process.

See also
 Black jails (China)
 Nacht und Nebel (Nazi Germany)
 Black sites
 Command responsibility
 "Enemy combatants", a legal status recognized under the Geneva Conventions- concerning prisoners of war and civilians
 Forced disappearance
 Extraordinary rendition

References

External links
 UN Secret Detention Report Asks, "Where Are The CIA Ghost Prisoners?" Andy Worthington, January 29, 2010
 Behind the Wire: An Update to Ending Secret Detentions (2005) , Human Rights First

Declassified documents
 US Department of State FOIA-declassified document collections
This collection consists of documents concerning individuals apprehended after September 11, 2001 and held by the U.S. at military bases or detention facilities outside the U.S. and the rendition of detainees and other individuals to foreign powers.
Links courtesy of Internet Archive's Wayback Machine
 Tranche 1
 Tranche 2
 Tranche 3
 Tranche 4
 Tranche 5

2000s in the United States
American phraseology
Counterterrorism
Counterterrorism in the United States
Extraordinary rendition program
Enforced disappearance
Human rights abuses
Imprisonment and detention in the United States
Iraq War
National security

Ghost detainee


The Challengers were named passenger trains on the Union Pacific Railroad and the Chicago and North Western Railway (which was replaced in 1955 by the Milwaukee Road). The economy service ran between Chicago, Illinois, and the West Coast of the United States. The trains had full Pullman service and coach seating and were an attempt to draw Depression-Era riders back to the rails. Food service was advertised as "three meals for under a dollar a day."

During the late 1930s the Challenger fleet was among the highest-patronized of American trains, and the best revenue producers of the UP passenger fleet. Discontinued in 1947, the Challenger name reappeared in 1954 on a streamliner. When Amtrak took over the nation's passenger service in 1971, it ended the Challenger once and for all.

History
In early June 1935 the Union Pacific transferred the heavyweight coaches and tourist sleeping cars of its Los Angeles Limited to a second section, the Challenger. The new train met with such success that the UP ordered 68 cars rebuilt, including 47 coaches, 16 Pullman sleeping cars, and 5 dining cars. The coaches had large reclining chairs and a new color scheme to make the interior more attractive, especially to women passengers. A lounge car was added in April of the following year.

In May 1936 the train commenced operation between Chicago and Los Angeles, California, on its own schedule. 1937 saw the UP partnering with the Southern Pacific Railroad to add a train from Chicago to Oakland, California, a line that would take the name San Francisco Challenger (the original then became the Los Angeles Challenger).

Lounge cars were designed for single, double, and table seating. Porter service was available throughout the train, and most stations had agents on duty to assist passengers. Rare in the railroad industry, two coaches at the head of the train carried only women, one of these tailored for women with children. A registered nurse-stewardess was carried, another first. The women received $125 per month plus expenses.

Coach passengers had free pillows and tickets were pouched to avoid having to waken passengers during the night. Station calls were eliminated during sleeping hours, and short-haul passengers were wakened by train crews before their destinations. All bright lights were extinguished during the night (only blue lighting was used after 10:00 p.m.). Lounge rooms at the ends of the coaches were provided for those who wished to remain awake.

Increased traffic during World War II led the UP to add the Furloughee Challenger to its roster on December 31, 1944; the train's name was changed to Military Challenger on December 23, 1945, and then to Advance Challenger on April 14, 1946. The train was discontinued on June 2, 1946; the entire Challenger fleet would be taken out of service the next year after the establishment of daily service for the entire City fleet. On December 8, 1953, the C&NW and UP announced that a Challenger between Chicago and Los Angeles would return with all-streamlined equipment, and on January 10 the first lightweight trainset hit the rails. The westbound Challenger completed its run in 39 hours 30 minutes, while eastbound ran 39 hours 45 minutes. Train 107 departed Chicago at 9:00 a.m. CST and arrived Los Angeles at 10:30 p.m. PST the next day; train 108 left L.A. at 2:00 p.m. PST and arrived Chicago 7:45 CST on the morning of the second day. In February 1955 dome coaches were added to the Challenger, the first on any UP train.

Disagreement with CNW over divisions of passenger revenues led UP to switch to the Milwaukee Road (MILW) for service to Chicago's Union Station (the trains had terminated at North Western Station) beginning November 1955. The Milwaukee Road embarked upon a repainting program and all its passenger rolling stock received Union Pacific's Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist Gray colors (the MILW retained its traditional orange-and-black livery for freight units). The Milwaukee Road received that portion of the operating revenue generated between Omaha and Chicago, and furnished 25% of the equipment used on the line.

The Challenger was combined between Chicago and Omaha with the Milwaukee Road's Midwest Hiawatha and appeared in timetables as the Challenger-Midwest Hiawatha; the departure from Los Angeles switched to 10 PM to allow a day trip east of Omaha. This ended in Spring 1956 when, in a cost-cutting measure, the Challenger and the City of Los Angeles were combined on the City of Los Angeles schedule. The Challenger reappeared as a separate train (with its morning departure from Chicago and 2 PM departure from Los Angeles)) in the summer and holiday seasons of 1957 and 1958, but after summer 1960 it ran on the City of Los Angeles schedule year-round.

Further consolidations occurred in the 1960s and by 1970 the Challenger, City of Denver, City of Los Angeles, City of Portland, and City of San Francisco were combined into one giant train across Wyoming, called by some the "City of Everywhere".

The dome diners were removed from the City of Portland in 1968 and the City of Los Angeles by 1970, the dome coaches and dome lounge cars remained until the coming of Amtrak. Amtrak discontinued all UP trains, save for a modified City of San Francisco (via BN to Denver, thence via UP's Overland Route to Ogden and SP to Oakland/San Francisco), when it assumed long-distance passenger rail service throughout the United States on May 1, 1971.

Timeline
 May 1936: The Challenger makes its first run between Chicago, Illinois, and Los Angeles, California.
 1937: A second train, the San Francisco Challenger, with service between Chicago and Oakland, California is added to the lineup in cooperation with the Southern Pacific Railroad; the original train is now designated as the Los Angeles Challenger.
 November 8, 1944: The westward San Francisco Challenger jumps the tracks on a curve at 5:15 a.m. and piles into a ditch three miles west of Colfax, California. Nine people are killed and 93 injured.
 1947: The Challenger fleet is withdrawn from service.
 October 19, 1947: San Francisco Challenger is discontinued when renamed Gold Coast
 December 8, 1953: The CNW / UP announces that the Challenger service between Chicago and Los Angeles will resume, and will employ all streamlined equipment.
 January 10, 1954: The first lightweight Challenger enters service.
 February 1955: a dome coach is added to the Challenger; a dome lounge and dome diner were added to the City of Los Angeles and City of Portland.
 November 1955: The Milwaukee Road assumes operation of the Challenger between Council Bluffs, Iowa and Chicago, operating out of Union Station.
 1956: The Challenger and City of Los Angeles are combined during the off-season.
 1970: Dome diners are removed from all UP passenger trains, including the Challenger. The Challenger is combined with the entire City fleet into one train.
 May 1, 1971: UP ends the Challenger train service as Amtrak takes over long-distance passenger operations in the United States.

Equipment

The consist of the last train No. 107 to travel over the CNW (westbound) on October 29, 1955 included:

 EMD E8A Locomotive CNW #5029B
 Baggage UP #5648
 Sleeper UP Alpine View (14 sections)
 Pacific-series sleeper UP Pacific Beauty (10 roomettes, 6 double bedrooms)
 Diner (48 seats) CNW #6956
 Coach (48 seats) CNW #3418
 Coach (44 seats) UP #5486
 Dome-Coach UP #7000
 Coach (44 seats) UP #5470

The last train No. 108 over the CNW (eastbound) consisted of:

 2-EMD E-unit Locomotives (UP pair replaced with CNW units at Omaha)
 Baggage UP #5640
 Sleeper UP Alpine Camp (14 sections)
 Pacific-series sleeper UP Pacific Mist (10 roomettes, 6 double bedrooms)
 2-unit (articulated) Dormitory-Kitchen-Diner (48 seats) UP #5101 (taken off at Omaha)
 Lounge car UP #1517 (taken off at Omaha)
 Coach (44 seats) UP #5484 (taken off at Omaha)
 Diner (48 seats) CNW #6956 (taken on at Omaha)
 Dome-Coach UP #7002
 Coach (44 seats) UP #5478

Dining aboard the Challenger

The meals served in the Challengers dining cars, while basic (definitely not the first-class fare found aboard the UP's streamliners, where a single meal might cost as much as $1.25) were ample, served on distinctive china and in portions large enough to satisfy even the heartiest traveler's appetite. Even as late as 1954 the meal selections were priced with the budget-conscious traveler in mind: breakfast cost 65¢, lunch was 85¢, and dinner could be had for $1.00.

Other railroad uses of the name Challenger
The Challenger name has also been applied to the 4-6-6-4 type steam-driven locomotives, the first of which were designed by the UP and built by the American Locomotive Company between 1936 and 1943. Best known among these is Union Pacific 3985, one of 105 Challengers built for the railroad. Originally a part of the Union Pacific Heritage Fleet, it was taken out of service in 2010 and subsequently retired in 2020. In November 2022, it was donated to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America, where it is now being restored to operational condition.

The dome car now called Challenger was built in 1958 by Pullman-Standard as UP dome coach #7015, the last such car built. It was reacquired by Union Pacific in 1989 and today operates as part of employee and other special trains.

Challenger photos, 1930s

See also
 Passenger train service on the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad
 Passenger train service on the Chicago and North Western Railway
 Passenger train service on the Southern Pacific Railroad
 Passenger train service on the Union Pacific Railroad

References

Further reading

External links

 The Challenger at the Union Pacific Railroad's official website
 Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak

Passenger trains of the Union Pacific Railroad
Passenger trains of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
Passenger trains of the Chicago and North Western Railway
Passenger trains of the Milwaukee Road
Named passenger trains of the United States
Railway services introduced in 1936
Night trains of the United States
Railway services discontinued in 1971

id:Union Pacific 3985

Challenger (train)


The Mad Dogs were a professional wrestling tag team that consisted of Tatsutoshi Goto and Michiyoshi Ohara. The team competed in New Japan Pro-Wrestling and WAR and were members of several stables including Heisei Ishingun, nWo Japan, and Team 2000.

History

Heisei Ishingun (1994-1999)
The Mad Dogs began teaming as early as 1994 as both Goto and Ohara were members of Shiro Koshinaka's stable Heisei Ishingun. The team were largely in multi-man tag matches, got no title shots and were left off the 1994 G1 Tag League.

In early 1995, The Mad Dogs began competing in WAR with the rest of Ishingun and on January 8, 1995, The Mad Dogs with Ishingun leader Shiro Koshinaka defeated Hiromichi Fuyuki and Jado and Gedo to win the WAR World Six-Man Tag Team Championship. Four months later on April 30, they lost the titles to Genichiro Tenryu, Animal Hamaguchi, and Koki Kitahara. Following the title loss, the team returned to New Japan where they continued to remain in the midcard wrestling with the rest of Ishingun. In November 1996, The Mad Dogs took part in a one-night tournament but with different partners as Ohara teamed with Akira Nogami while Goto teamed with Akitoshi Saito, as the four of them were still allied with Heisei Ishingun. Goto and Saito would lose in the first round to Kensuke Sasaki and Shinjiro Ohtani while Ohara and Nogami won the tournament defeating Sasaki and Ohtani in the finals, also avenging Goto and Saito in the process.

In 1997, The Mad Dogs began to move up the card with Ohara entering the 1997 G1 Climax but was eliminated in the first round by Masahiro Chono. By the end of the year they briefly teamed with nWo Japan during the nWo TYPHOON tour and, in November, they entered the 1997 Super Grade Tag League. Though they finished last with 1 point, they did get a victory over multi-time IWGP Tag Team Champions: Tatsumi Fujinami and Kengo Kimura.

In 1998, the team remained the midcard as they were left off the 1998 Super Grade Tag League and did not challenge for any titles; they did enter the 1998 G1 Climax but were eliminated in the first round, with Ohara losing to Kensuke Sasaki and Goto losing to Shinya Hashimoto. At Rising the Next Generation on August 8, the team took on the Great Kabuki and Great Muta but were defeated.

Team 2000 and break up (1999-2001)
In 1999, Heisei Ishingun broke up but the Mad Dogs continued to team. On June 27, The Dogs received their first shot at the IWGP Tag Team Championship against Shiro Koshinaka and Kensuke Sasaki. In their first attempt, Goto and Ohara would emerge victorious after Goto pinned Koshinaka, winning the gold. Two months later at the Jingu Climax on August 28, The Mad Dogs lost the titles to Yuji Nagata and Manabu Nakanishi. In September, Goto and Ohara entered the 1999 G1 Tag League where they finished in 8th place with 6 points.

On February 4, 2000, The Dogs earned a rematch for the IWGP Tag Titles but lost. Four days later on February 8, The Mad Dogs joined Masahiro Chono's Team 2000 stable. After joining, the Dogs spent the next year in the midcard where they once again received no title shots, and by the summer of 2001, the Mad Dogs broke up with Ohara leaving New Japan to focus on Mixed Martial Arts, while Goto would feud with most of New Japan's loyalists and their Young Lions.

Reunion and Second Breakup (2003-2008)
In early 2003, The Mad Dogs reunited when Ohara returned to New Japan, the two formed a new stable: The Crazy Dogs with Hiro Saito and MMA legend: Enson Inoue. The group spent all of 2003 feuding with the Makai Club where the two sides exchanged victories until the feud ended at Wrestling World 2004 when the Crazy Dogs lost to the Makai Club in an eight-man tag team match. Following the loss, Ohara and Inoue left New Japan. Goto would eventually leave in 2006.

After Goto left New Japan, the Mad Dogs would team up a few more times. Once in 2006 for UWAI Station and twice in 2008 in Kensuke Office before Ohara retired due to injuries.

Championships and accomplishments
New Japan Pro-Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship (1 time)
One Night Tag Team Tournament (1996) – Ohara (w/ Akira Nogami)
Wrestle Association R
WAR World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shiro Koshinaka

References

External links
CageMatch page

New Japan Pro-Wrestling teams and stables
Japanese promotions teams and stables

The Mad Dogs


The catholic mass is made of two parts: One that changes during the year, and the other one that does not. The one that does not change is usually called Ordinary. The part that canges is usually called Proper. The Latin names for these are Ordinarium and Proprium. When talkin about the music performed in Church, an ordinary usually consists of the following (which are either songs or prayers):
Kyrie eleison
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus dei
Protestant and Eastern Orthodox often use the same songs, but they have adapted the texts. Nowadays, the text is often translated to the local language.

Christian music

Ordinary (liturgy)


San José Chinantequilla  is a community in the Mixe region of Oaxaca state, Mexico. Chinantequilla is in the municipality of Totontepec.

The town 463 people living in it and is around 1160 meters above the sea, the town is in what is known as the Mixe area high north, and has an indigenous language is Mixe but also people originally from this community dominated the Castilian. They have now provided the means of communication in this area, which was previously very difficult to reach.

The locals, speak Spanish and the local dialect of the Mixe language. Each dialect of Mixe is different depending on the village in which it is spoken. According to the 2005 census, the town had a population of 463 people. It has recorded very little information about the history of this community, researchers assume that was one of the last towns on reach the Mixe region, so it is considered a village young, economic activities that are practiced in this community include: The production and marketing of coffee, agriculture and trade. Chinantequilla is north of the state of Oaxaca in the Sierra Mixe approximately 85 km from the capital city, the region extends from the mountain, extremely rugged, with elevations reaching 2,500 meters above sea level, are therefore varied climates: cold and humid in the mountain, temperate semi-humid in the part mean and hot and humid in the lower.

References

Other websites
Chinantequilla Page

Settlements in Oaxaca

San José Chinantequilla


Musgrave House is a heritage-listed sanatorium at 8 Allpass Parade, Shorncliffe, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1884 to 1920s. It is also known as Lady Musgrave Sanitorium for Sick Children. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999.

History
Located on a spacious corner block facing Cabbage Tree Creek, Musgrave House is a low set timber building with a high pitched, hipped roof designed by renowned Brisbane architect Richard Gailey. Built in 1884 as a convalescent home for children from the Hospital for Sick Children, Musgrave House dates from the time when Sandgate and Shorncliffe were crowded with boarding houses and convalescent homes. Since 1939, Musgrave House has continuously operated as a boarding house for men.

In its inception, the Lady Musgrave Sanatorium for Sick Children reflects prominent nineteenth-century ideas about health and childhood. Providing health facilities was not a main concern for the colonial government of Queensland, caring for the sick was considered a task for voluntary groups and charitable organisations. The idea of hospitals specifically for children was itself a new idea and had evolved steadily throughout the nineteenth century. Children's hospitals were increasingly established throughout the world in the latter half of the century. The vivid impressions left by a visit to children accommodated in adult wards in Brisbane led Mary McConnel of Cressbrook Station to launch the idea of a children's hospital for the colony. Indeed, at this time children under five years of age were denied treatment at the General Hospital. Thus, the Hospital for Sick Children in Brisbane was founded in 1878 and was the second in Australia.

Statistics from the 1860s and 70s show how perilous life was for the children of colonial Queensland. In 1866, the Queensland Registrar-General announced that the infant mortality rate was "out of all proportion great", 49.25% of all deaths in 1863 were of children under the age of five. Half the children born in 1877 died before reaching the age of five. Dysentery, diarrhoea and typhoid were rife, along with many other illnesses unknown to medical practitioners of the time. At the same time, there was growing recognition of childhood as a distinct stage of life and less acceptance of the moralistic view that providing facilities for children encouraged mothers to abdicate their maternal responsibilities.

Such was the prevailing attitude towards children when Lady Lucinda Musgrave became the first patroness of the Hospital for Sick Children. Lady Musgrave was an enthusiastic Patroness, attending monthly Hospital Committee meetings and "doing much by her loving example to interest others". The idea of a sanatorium was proposed in 1883 and she took up the scheme with energy, personally securing the land at Shorncliffe which was given in trust by the government. The choice of the Shorncliffe site for the sanatorium was in keeping with prevailing ideas about health. The widespread acceptance of the miasmic theory of disease meant that fresh air and well ventilated, well lit buildings were considered essential for recuperation and recovery from illness. Bayside suburbs which offered sea bathing and outdoor enjoyment in addition to fresh air, were considered ideal for therapeutic purposes.

The building was completed in 1884 at a cost of . The architect was Richard Gailey, the official architect for the Hospital for Sick Children. Gailey designed the original Children's hospital at Bowen Bridge in 1883, charging only half of his commission to support the establishment of the hospital. He went on to design the fever ward in 1884, the morgue in 1885, the Resident Surgeon's quarters in 1889 and the nurse's quarters in 1891. Other buildings in Sandgate designed by Gailey were the original Sandgate Municipal Chambers and Town Hall in Kate St in 1882 (destroyed by fire May 1910) and the second Sandgate Baptist Church on Flinders Parade in 1887.

It is clear that Gailey had accepted current thinking about hospital design and had adopted the pavilion plan in his design for the main block of the Hospital for Sick Children. Elements of the pavilion plan as it was adapted for the Queensland context are plainly evident in the design of the Lady Musgrave Sanatorium. With its centrally located entrance hall and wards to either side shaded by a deep verandah, the planning of the sanatorium has strong similarities to timber hospitals constructed throughout Queensland, albeit on a smaller scale. Kitchen and other service areas are located in a separate wing at the back of the building, enabling the wards to be ventilated with windows along two sides.

Although the building was completed in 1884 and the permanent reserve announced in 1885, it did not formally open until 1888. Committee meeting minutes indicate that the sanatorium was in operation by 1887 and that it was the committee's unwillingness to enter into debt that caused the delay in opening. The three years 1884–1887 were spent fund raising and organising equipment and furniture for the sanatorium. Lady Musgrave furnished one ward herself and several other ladies "gave most timely gifts of the same kind", personally furnishing and equipping the other ward. Each ward initially accommodated six children in cots and beds.

An article in The Queenslander in May 1888 reporting on the formal opening of the building described it thus:

"The building is a handsome and substantial wooden structure ...the entrance to the main portion of the home is from the shore. The centre is appropriated to the reception room, and on either side is a large ward; while the nurses' rooms occupy the ends of the verandah. The verandah, which has wide projecting eaves, formed to give the greatest possible protection from wind and rain, while at the same time affording splendid ventilation, will be used in the summertime as a residence and recreation ground for the children.  From the reception- room a corridor runs to the kitchen and servants' rooms and on either side are the pantry, store and bathrooms and wc. There are fireplaces in the wards and the whole establishment is so arranged to afford the utmost comfort and convenience to the little patients and those attached to the institution."

The 1888 Annual Report of the Children's Hospital stated "The rapid improvement of the patients sent down is very marked, showing the institution to be salubrious; and the work being put in hand by the Sandgate Council - viz., forming the Esplanade (now Allpass Parade) in front and perfecting the drainage and levelling the sports ground at the back -  will, when completed - make the sanatorium all that can be desired."

The sanatorium was also used as a place of rest and training for nurses from the Children's Hospital and respite for families who had "sickly" children. The yearly report of 1896-97 states that 87 children passed through the sanatorium. In 1923 the Brisbane Courier reports that the sanatorium committee met to discuss the disposal of the Agnes Thorn legacy. "The committee intends to lay out the legacy, which with the Government subsidy totals 450 pounds, in something of a permanent character, such as a memorial to the donor, who was well known to old Sandgate residents." It is unclear whether the plan for a memorial ever eventuated. We can assume, however, that some of the funds went towards extending the building. The Courier reported on a "novelty coin and jazz evening" held in aid of funds for the sanatorium later in 1923. In describing the evening, reference is made to the new wing "beautifully decorated with mauve and biscuit".

In 1920, the number of children passing through had increased to 162 over the year. Matron Maude Flewell-Smith became Sister-in-charge of the children's sanatorium in 1921, a role she held until 1927 when she was transferred to Brisbane Hospital's Sandgate convalescent home and became Matron of both institutions. Her daughter, Mrs Win Jackman remembers that during this time there was an enclosed bathing area and shed across the road where her mother took children to swim on a daily basis during the summer months.

There was an ongoing relationship between the people of the Sandgate district and the sanatorium. From as early as 1893, local fund raising events took place. Over the years these events included concerts, fish luncheons, dances and euchre parties and several of these were organised by local children. The children's sanatorium enjoyed a special relationship with members of the Toowong branch of the Ministering Children's League who organised a Christmas party at the sanatorium for over twenty years providing toys, Santa Claus and decorations which included the tradition of transforming one of the trees in the garden into a gift-laden Christmas tree.

In 1924, the Brisbane Hospital Board had taken over control of the Children's Hospital and in 1927, the training schools of both hospitals were amalgamated. This signalled the beginnings of changes in hospital administration and practices that would lead to the closure of the sanatorium by the Hospital Board in 1931. Children were then transferred to Brisbane Hospital's convalescent home located nearby in Flinders Parade which by this stage accommodated women only.

It appears the building remained vacant for several years, although local residents recall "state children" living there. Notification of land for sale by auction as a Perpetual Town Lease appeared on the 16 November 1939. James Brown took up the lease in perpetuity from the first of April 1940 at a yearly rent of five pounds, five shillings. The area of one rood ten perches was considerably smaller than the  of the original Government reserve.

Sandgate District Historical Society's journal By the Seaside tells that James Brown started an old men's home and rental was five shillings per week, meals not included. In order to accommodate the tenants, Mr Brown carried out work subdividing the rooms. In 1946 the lease was transferred to William Austin Fitzgerald and Mary Violet Fitzgerald on 28 March. Fitzgerald was the local stationmaster and used Musgrave House as accommodation for railway workers. Mrs Norma Turbet took over the lease in September 1960, eventually purchased the land at a cost of $3000 in 1980 and then sold the property in August 1999.

Description
Musgrave House is a low set timber building with a hipped, painted corrugated iron roof located on a corner block overlooking Cabbage Tree Creek and the foreshore reserve. The building faces south-east and the large block backs on to the Sandgate Golf Course. The building has a strong symmetry with a centrally located front verandah, central steps and extensions at each end.

Wide eaves overhang the verandah which has a delicately detailed timber valance, dowel balustrades and chamfered timber posts with moulded timber capitals. The verandah has three wide bays with steps centrally located in the middle bay. The wall areas either side of the verandah are clad with vertical tongue-and-groove timber boards and have small sections of exposed timber cross bracing tucked under the eaves. Each contains a double hung timber sash window. The extensions at each end have skillion roofs, are clad with horizontal weatherboards and each has a timber door and set of steps. At the southern corner, the building has sliding, timber framed, multi-paned windows with coloured glass that return around the corner and continue along the western wall. The eastern corner has a timber sill at the same level as the windows but the windows are along the eastern elevation only. The building is set on concrete stumps with timber batten infill.

The verandah is deep, with a tongue-and-groove ceiling and timber cornice. The walls are single skin timber with exposed cross bracing used to decorative purpose, painted in shades of aqua. The floor is covered with a black, bituminous sheet material. Four doorways lead off the verandah, including the entrance door into the central hall. Panelled timber doors with operable glass fanlights are located at each end of the verandah and lead to the former nurses' rooms. These rooms are lined with tongue-and-groove, have remnants of original ventilators and fretwork fanlights over blocked-in doorways that formerly led into the wards. The main entrance of the building consists of two timber doors with four upper panels of glass and a long glass fanlight.

The hallway is wide, has a high ceiling with pale yellow painted tongue-and-groove lining. A rendered brick chimney with a decorative cedar mantelpiece is located on the western wall. The large mirror panel of the mantel is decorated with a painting of birds and flowers. Basic timber bookshelves are mounted on the eastern wall in the space formerly occupied by another chimney. Timber, wall-mounted lockers are to be found either side of the wide doorway that leads into the back section of the building.

Panelled timber doors with fretwork fanlights are opposite each other at the back of the hall. They each lead into large rooms, formerly the wards of the sanatorium, now subdivided into four small rooms. These rooms do not have full height partitions and the space of the wards is discernible. The raked ceiling is lined with tongue-and-groove with two horizontal bracing members running across the room at the same level as the top of the walls. Light fittings and switches are suspended from these members. The northern face of the ceiling has a centrally located, timber framed, fixed glass skylight whilst on the western and eastern walls respectively, there are small corrugated fibreglass panels that also let in light. A section of rendered brick provides evidence of the chimney once located in the eastern ward. The chimney remains in the western ward, however, it has been blocked up and there is no fireplace. Evidence of windows is visible along the northern walls of both wards.

The side extensions are accessed via partially enclosed passageways at the back of the building. Between the wards and these passageways are lean-to additions with skillion roofs that each contain a further two rooms. At the western end of the building there is also a timber toilet block with terrazzo floors attached at the northern side of the passageway. The western extension contains four equal sized rooms, with three-quarter height, fibrous-cement partitions and lino floors, the eastern extension is divided into five small rooms. The perimeter walls have multi-paned, coloured glass sliding windows and timber sills with tongue and groove lining below. Many of the rooms are furnished with cast iron beds from the sanatorium. Original doors are located in the wall between the former ward and the eastern extension.

The kitchen and former maids' quarters are located at the end of the hallway in a small building semi-detached from the main building. There is a small north-facing verandah at the back of the kitchen with stairs to the garden that together with an adjacent bedroom forms an extension to the original kitchen. The kitchen building is single skin timber with exposed cross bracing, a hipped corrugated iron roof and a brick chimney on the western wall. The extension is clad with horizontal weatherboards and the verandah has a dowel balustrade and simple valance. The two sash windows have metal window hoods. The kitchen contains an operable, wood-burning stove, sink and a large, old, compartmentalised fridge. There is an outdoor laundry located between the kitchen and toilet areas, adjacent to a septic tank.

A corrugated iron shed with lean-to garage and wood-chop area are to be found in the back section of the block. The garden has no mature vegetation.

Heritage listing
Musgrave House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

Musgrave House is important in demonstrating the development of health services, specifically children's health services, in Queensland. The building demonstrates the growth of the Sandgate-Shorncliffe area as a popular nineteenth-century watering place and the custom of going to the seaside for recuperation following illness. As a convalescent home for the children's hospital, Musgrave House is significant in demonstrating the establishment and development of health services by volunteer effort in early Queensland. Its subsequent use as a boarding house demonstrates the continuing appeal of Sandgate as a location for boarding houses and convalescent homes.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

Musgrave House has architectural and aesthetic significance as an example of the small scale work of architect Richard Gailey and in demonstrating the acceptance of the pavilion plan in hospital design in the 1870s and 80s, evident in the internal volumes and planning.

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The building's aesthetic qualities are exemplified by the high pitched roof, exposed cross bracing and carefully detailed verandah.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Musgrave House has special associations with the Sandgate and Shorncliffe communities. For fifty years local people undertook fund-raising activities in aid of the sanatorium and visiting children and their families were welcomed as part of the wider community of the district.

The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.

Musgrave House has a special association with the activities of prominent women of colonial Queensland. The sanatorium was named for Lady Lucinda Musgrave, wife of Sir Anthony Musgrave, Governor of Queensland 1883–1888 and first patroness of the Hospital for Sick Children. There is also a close association with Mary McConnel, founder and chair of the Committee of the Hospital Sick Children, who was prominent in many aspects of life in early Queensland.

References

Attribution

External links

Queensland Heritage Register
Shorncliffe, Queensland
Hospitals in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Hospital buildings completed in 1888

Musgrave House


SVV may refer to:

 Schiedamse Voetbal Vereniging
 Schweizerischer Vaterländischer Verband
 Simian varicella virus
 Shri Vinayaka Vijayamu, a 1979 Telugu film directed by K. Kameshwara Rao
 abbr. for "si vales valeo" (= if you are well, I am well)
 abbr. for "sit venia verbo" (= if you will pardon the expression)
 Sodalitas Vulturis Volantis

SVV


Ephraim Knowlton Hanks (21 March 1826 – 9 June 1896) was a prominent member of the 19th-Century Latter Day Saint movement, a Mormon pioneer and a well known leader in the early settlement of Utah.

Hanks was born in Madison, Lake County, Ohio, the son of Benjamin Hanks and Martha Knowlton, his second wife.  Hanks left home at age 16, working for a time on the Erie Canal and then serving in the United States Navy.  Returning home to Ohio, he learned his brother Sidney had joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Hanks soon accepted the young church's teachings and became a member in 1845.

Hanks left Nauvoo, Illinois with the LDS followers of Brigham Young on the trek west to the Rocky Mountains. He left the main body of emigrants to join Company B of the Mormon Battalion, United States Army, and marched with them to San Diego as a private.  He and other Battalion members marched from the Midwest, south through Arizona, and were released from service in California.  Battalion members rejoined the Mormon emigrants from the west, traveling from California to the Salt Lake Valley.

In 1850, when Brigham Young authorized a campaign against the Timpanogos, he volunteered as part of the Mormon militia.  On February 8, in what was known as the Battle at Fort Utah, the army attacked the Timpanogos village.  On the second day of fighting, he was chosen as part of 16 men to make a charge on a Timpanogos log house, from which the Timpanogos were trying to defend themselves.  They successfully took the log cabin, and the Timpanogos retreated.  They were able to pursue and kill around 100 Timpanogos people, many by execution.

In 1856, Hanks played a key role in the rescue of the Martin handcart company, although he wasn't present during the Sweetwater crossing. Hanks also led a militia company in scouting expeditions during the Utah War in 1857 and 1858.

As a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Hanks practiced plural marriage, having 4 wives and 26 children.  His wives were Harriet Amelia Decker (m. 22 September 1848), Jane Maria Capener (m. 27 March 1856), Thisbe Quilley Read (m. 5 April 1862).  His fourth wife,
Hannah Hardy, never lived with Hanks and the union was dissolved in 1856.

Hanks was ordained a Patriarch in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and was known for his obedience to church leaders.  President Brigham Young said that Hanks "... was a man always ready to lay down his life for the authorities of the Church as well as for the cause of Zion and her people." (Richard K. Hanks, pp. 2627.)

Hanks was a U.S. mail carrier from 1851 to 1853 and later acted as a station master for the Pony Express, facilitating mail service on the Mormon Trail to Salt Lake through Utah's Emigration Canyon. Hanks' Station was located on the Mormon Trail in Mountain Dell, a valley between the Big Mountain and Little Mountain, also known as Big Canyon, named for the creek that still runs through that area.  The historic station has been removed, but its site sits on the edge of what is now Little Dell Reservoir.

Hanks died at his home at Floral Ranch, Wayne County, Utah and buried in the Caineville Cemetery.

Rescue of the Martin handcart company
One of the first on the scene during the rescue of the 1856 Martin handcart company, Hanks provided buffalo meat to the starving party.  As the company moved from day to day, Ephraim Hanks killed many buffalo: "The most remarkable thing about it was that I had traveled that road more than fifty times, and never before saw so many buffaloes in that part of the country.  There was not a member of the party but what believed that the Lord had sent them to us in answer to prayer."

Hanks also administered to the sick and dying. Finding many of the emigrants with frozen hands and feet, Hanks later wrote:  "Many such I washed with water and castile soap, until the frozen parts would fall off."

Hanks provided another important service: "Many of the Saints had frozen limbs which were endangering their lives. Brother Hanks anointed these folks and prayed that an amputation could be done without pain. Then he took out his great hunting knife, held to the fire to cleanse it, and took off the dying limb with its keen blade; many with tears in their eyes said they hadn't felt a thing."

Cultural References
Hanks was the protagonist in the 2013 movie Ephraim's Rescue, directed by T.C. Christensen.

EPH Hanks Tower, a landmark in Capitol Reef National Park, is named after him.

References

 Barrett, Ivan J. "Eph Hanks: Fearless Mormon Scout."  1990, Covenant Communications, Inc.
 Hanks, Richard K. Eph Hanks, pioneer scout. Master's Thesis. Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University.
 Hanks, Sidney Alvarus.  The Tempered Wind: biography of Thisbe Read Hanks held by Harold B. Lee Library Special Collections, Brigham Young University.
 Hanks, Sidney A. and Ephraim K. Hanks, Jr.  "Scouting for the Mormons on the Great Frontier", Deseret News Press, 1948.
 Smith, Sherry.  "Ephraim Hanks."  Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia.

External links
 Excerpt from Biography
 Hanksplace Wiki: A wiki devoted to Eph's family and ancestry
 Ephraim's Rescue , 2013 film by T.C. Christensen.

1826 births
1896 deaths
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Converts to Mormonism
Members of the Mormon Battalion
Mormon pioneers
Patriarchs (LDS Church)
Pony Express
Latter Day Saints from Ohio
Latter Day Saints from Utah

Ephraim Hanks


All in a Lifetime by Frank Buck, with Ferrin Fraser, is Buck's autobiography.

Buck spent much of his life collecting wild animals and as a boy was a bit wild himself. He became a bellhop in a Chicago hotel, got into bad company, and just missed becoming a safe blower. He was "a fighting fool," who "loved the lusty thud of fists on flesh."

Buck's marriage to Amy Leslie, drama critic for the Chicago Daily News, brought him in contact with many people of the stage. But the open spaces called him, and with $3,500 he won in a poker game he embarked on a career trademarked by the slogan "Bring 'em back alive." His first expedition took him to Brazil, where he bought from native trappers an assortment of jungle birds. Other expeditions followed, and Buck brought back wild animals of all kinds.
Buck himself became expert in the trapping of jungle beasts. He explains how to catch a live python and how to determine whether the serpent is sick or not; you simply examine his mouth, and if it has a clean pink tint, the python is healthy. A paler shade with red blotches on the jaws and inner lips mean that the snake will almost certainly die soon.

Buck makes the surprising confession that he has a deep-seated fear of riding in airplanes. This anxiety kept him from accepting Martin Johnson's invitation to accompany him on the 1937 trip that was Johnson's last tragic flight. Buck also escaped death when he was locked for several hours in a steamship refrigerator. He says the experience left him with a bad case of claustrophobia, and that he cannot bear the thought of a plane's small cabin with a locked door.

Critical reception
"The book has a high content of reader interest throughout..."
"Easy, unpretentious...Chance, friendship, danger, and success furnish interest. Sidelights on the last fifty years
and on notable people are entertaining to contemporaries." Catherine Van Dyne. Library J 66:263 Mar 15 1941
"Mr Buck's book is profusely illustrated and packed with plenty of adventure...It is fit company for Frank Buck's
other volumes." Springfield Republican p6 Mar 31 1941
"Frank Buck's lusty life story is full of thrilling adventure." Chicago Tribune - Apr 30, 1941

References

American autobiographies
1941 non-fiction books

All in a Lifetime


Ann Southam,  (4 February 1937 – 25 November 2010) was a Canadian electronic and classical music composer and music teacher. She is known for her minimalist, iterative, and lyrical style, for her long-term collaborations with dance choreographers and performers, for her large body of work, and, according to the Globe and Mail, for "blazing a trail for women composers in a notoriously sexist field".

She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1937, and lived most of her life in Toronto, Ontario. She died, aged 73, on 25 November 2010.

She was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2010.

Biography
Southam was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She is the great-great-granddaughter of newspaper baron William Southam, and benefited from the inherited wealth of the family business. At the age of three, her family moved to Toronto, where Southam lived for the rest of her life.

Southam attended the private Bishop Strachan School for girls in Toronto, and dropped out after a year of Shaw's Business School for secretarial studies. Throughout this time she developed a hobby interest in music. She began composing at age 15 (in 1952) after attending a summer music camp at the Banff School (now known as The Banff Centre).

After dropping out of secretarial school, she studied piano and composition with Samuel Dolin at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto, who introduced her to "tape music". She studied piano with Pierre Souvairan and electronic music with Gustav Ciamaga at the University of Toronto from 1960 to 1963. In 1966, she began teaching electroacoustic composition at the Royal Conservatory of Music.

In 1966, she was introduced to Patricia Beatty, a Canadian choreographer who had just returned from studying modern dance in New York. Shortly afterward, Southam began working on a new score for Beatty's adaptation of Macbeth and the two became friends. With this relationship as the catalyst, she began a collaboration with the New Dance Group of Canada (later known as Toronto Dance Theatre) in 1967, where she became composer-in-residence in 1968. Over her life she composed around 30 pieces for the group, as well as quietly supplying financial donations to keep the group afloat.

In the 1970s, when Southam was in her thirties, she came out as lesbian to her mother.

In 1977, she created Music Inter Alia, a concert promotion organization in Winnipeg that existed until 1991, with Diana McIntosh.

She founded, with Mary Gardiner, the Association of Canadian Women Composers in 1981. She was the first president (1980–'88), life member (2002), and honorary president (2007).

She was also an associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre.

Ann Southam wrote work that was commissioned by organizations including the Canada Council, the Ontario Arts Council, the Music Gallery, and the CBC.

She was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2008, and died, aged 73, on 25 November 2010. Eve Egoyan and Christina Petrowska-Quilico performed at her memorial.

Music

Southam's early works are lyrical atonal pieces written in a Romantic style, and lyricism remained an important element of her later electronic scores. She also worked with 12-tone techniques.

Southam has been described as having "composed with exacting technique, intent on coaxing warmth out of her machines and bringing electronic music into new spaces".

Southam's passion for electronic music began in the 1960s, and she built a home studio with synthesizers, tape recorders, a mixer and what she called a "minimum of sound equipment", including Electronic Music Studios synthesizers such as the AKS.

In the 1970s, Southam purchased a house and installed a grand piano, beginning to compose purely acoustic pieces for the first time: first Rivers and then Glass Houses. She asked Christina Petrowska-Quilico to record her performances of the pieces, as a means of preserving them; by 1982, Petrowska-Quilico had begun to perform the pieces live in her tours.

In the 1980s, Southam began developing an interest in music by American minimalists Terry Riley and Steve Reich. Her composition Glass Houses (1981) is constructed from short tonal units that combine and re-combine, creating an overall sense of lyricism.

In the 1990s, Southam largely abandoned the electroacoustic compositional style and began creating instrumental works such as Song of the Varied Thrush (1991) for string quartet; Webster's Spin (1993) for string orchestra, and Full Circles (1996, rev. 2005).

Of her work and interest in incorporating feminism, Southam has said:

I was looking for a way of writing music that would have a feminist aesthetic, because what was thought of as feminist music back in those days was usually vocal music, and it would be the words that would give the feminist meaning. I wanted something where the very workings of the music would reflect a feminist aesthetic.

Southam found that minimalist, iterative compositions reminded her of "women's work" – repetitive, monotonous tasks such as knitting and cleaning that nevertheless sustain life.

Southam's favourite quotes about herself were "staggeringly boring" (from the Montreal Gazette), and "a rather shadowy presence on the new-music scene" (from The Globe And Mail).

Collaborations
Ann Southam worked for over thirty years with Christina Petrowska-Quilico on Rivers (2005), Pond Life (2008) and Glass Houses, which was revised by Southam in 2009 and by Petrowska-Quilico in 2010. These resulted in 6 CDs. Petrowska-Quilico also toured Rivers with the Toronto Dance Theatre in Toronto at the Premiere Dance Theatre, Harbourfront; in Ottawa at the National Arts Centre; in Halifax; in St. John (New Brunswick) and St. John's, Newfoundland, and in other cities.

Southam was first introduced to Eve Egoyan in 1998, when David Jaeger of the Canadian Electronic Ensemble suggested Egoyan play on a new recording he was producing. Southam worked on several collaborative projects with Eve Egoyan throughout the late '90s and early 2000s including: Qualities of Consonance (1998), Figures (2001), In Retrospect (2004), and Simple Lines of Enquiry (2008).

Awards
Southam received the Friends of Canadian Music Award in 2002.

In 2010, Southam was named a Member of the Order of Canada, but was too ill to attend the ceremony. The award recognizes her "for her contributions as one of Canada's prominent women composers, known for electronic, acoustic and orchestral works, and as a philanthropist and committed volunteer".

In 2011, Southam was posthumously nominated for a Juno Award for her composition "Glass House #5 from the CD "Glass Houses Revisited" recorded by Christina Petrowska Quilico on Centrediscs".

Legacy
Ann Southam left $14 million to the Canadian Women's Foundation, creating the Ann Southam Empowerment Fund and investing in the Girls' Fund. This was, at the time, the largest private donation to a Canadian woman's organization.

Southam's published works remain the property of the Canadian Music Centre. The Centre named its recording collection the Ann Southam Digital Audio Archive in her honour.

Her personal archives are held by the Banff Centre Paul D. Fleck Library and Archives.

Southam left five unfinished works that were intended to be performed by Eve Egoyan; Egoyan recorded and released the performances as 5: Music of Ann Southam in 2013. The disc is described as "a continuation of the composer's fascination with very slow, kaleidoscopic transformation of sound using a few very simple chords inside of which a tone row gradually unfolds at the speed of a tulip blossom opening on a warm, sunny spring morning".

Selected compositions

Piano
 Suite for Piano (1960)
 Four Bagatelles (1961)
 Sea Flea (1962)
 Three in Blue (1965)
 Quodlibet (1967)
 Five Pieces in a Jazz Manner (1970)
 Five Shades of Blue (1970)
 Rivers: Set 1 (1979); Set 2 (1979); Set 3 (1981)
 Cool Blue; Red Hot (1980)
 Four in Hand (1981)
 Glass Houses (15 pieces, 1981)
 Soundings for a New Piano (1986)
 Spatial View of Pond (1986)
 In a Measure of Time (1988)
 Remembering Schubert (1993)
 Where? (1995)
 Qualities of Consonance (1998)
 Two by Two (2000)
 In Retrospect (2004)
 Commotion creek (2007)
 Simple Lines of Enquiry (2007)
 Pond Life (2008)

Chamber
 Rhapsodic Interlude for Violin Alone (1963)
 Momentum (1967)
 Configurations (1973)
 CounterPlay (1973)
 Integruities (G. Arbour, M. Thompson) (1975)
 Interviews (Arbour, Thompson) (1976)
 Towards Green (1976)
 Waves (1976)
 Networks (1978)
 Re-tuning (1985)
 Quintet, for piano, 2 violins, viola and cello (1986)
 Alternate Currents, Percussion Music for Solo Performer (1987)
 Throughways: Improvising Music (1988)
 Song of the Varied Thrush (1991)
 The Music So Far (1992)
 This Time (1992)
 Webster's Spin, for string orchestra (1993)
 Full Circles (1996 rev. 2005)
 Music for Strings (2000)
 Figures: Music for Piano and String Orchestra (2001)

Electronic
 A Thread of Sand (1969)
 Boat, River, Moon (1972)
 Sky-Sails (1973)
 L'Assassin Menace (1974)
 Mythic Journey (1974)
 Walls and Passageways(1974)
 The Reprieve (1975)
 Nighthawks (1976)
 Rude Awakening (1976)
 Soundplay (1978)
 Seastill (1979)
 The Story's Dream (1980)
 The Emerging Ground (1983)
 Rewind (1984)
 Music for Slow Dancing (1985)
 Goblin Market (1986)
 Fluke Sound (1989)

Discography
 Canadian Music for Piano. Louise Bessette piano. 1993. CBC Records MVCD 1064
 Virtuoso Piano Music of Our Own Time. Christina Petrowska piano. 1993. JLH Lasersound JLH 1002 DDD
 Mystic Streams. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 1996. Welspringe CD WEL001
 Northern Sirens. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 1998. York Fine Arts YFA00999
 Seastill: The Electronic Music of Ann Southam. 1998. Furiant Records FMDC 4604-2
 Fluke Sound. Furiant Records FMDC 4677-2
 Glass Houses: Music of Ann Southam. Eve Egoyan piano, Stephen Clarke piano. 1999. CBC Records MVCD 1124
 Canadian Composer Portraits – Ann Southam. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano, Eitan Cornfield producer/narrator. 2005. Centrediscs CMCCD 10505 (3 CDs)
 Simple Lines of Enquiry. Eve Egoyan piano. 2009. Centrediscs CMCCD 14609
 Pond Life. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 2009. Centrediscs CMCCD 14109 (2 CDs)
 Glass Houses Revisited. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 2011. Centrediscs CMCCD 16511
 Glass Houses Volume 2. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 2014. Centrediscs CMCCD 20114
 Glass Houses Complete. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 2015. Centrediscs CMCCD 22215
 Soundspinning. Christina Petrowska Quilico piano. 2018. Centrediscs CMCCD 26018

References

Notes

Further reading
Anderson, C. "Choice and interpretation: Ann Southam in conversation with Carol Anderson". Musicworks, 46 (1990): 4–10.
Báthory-Kitz, Dennis and David Gunn. "If Only I Could Sing: Ann Southam in Conversation with Kalvos and Damian". Musicworks 71 (Summer 1998). Online edition (Accessed 30 December 2007). Also published in "Ann Southam: If Only I Could Sing". eContact! 10.2 – Interviews (1) (July 2008). Montréal: CEC.
Bernstein, Tamara. "Anne Southam", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan, 2001.
Egoyan, Eve. "Composition as Enquiry: the explorational music of Ann Southam". Musicworks 101, (2008): 38–45
Everett-Green, Robert. "Ann Southam, a one woman tone poem" Globe and Mail. (9 July 2009, R1)
Lee, R. Andrew. "Anne Southam: Soundings for a New Piano" (1986). Streamed free from Irritable Hedgehog Music.
MacMillan, R. Ann Southam. Don Mills, Ont.: PRO Canada, 1981.
Mason, R. Ann Southam's new music (Throughways). Music Scene 367, (1989): 22.
Poole, E. "Composer has a tough tone row to hoe". Globe and Mail (15 March 1997).

External links
 Canadian Music Centre
 "Ann Southam" on CBC Music
 Finding Aid for the Ann Southam archives at the Banff Centre

See also

 Music of Canada
 List of Canadian composers

1937 births
2010 deaths
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Canadian classical composers
Members of the Order of Canada
Musicians from Winnipeg
Musicians from Toronto
Canadian women classical composers
20th-century Canadian composers
Canadian women in electronic music
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers
20th-century Canadian women musicians
Canadian women composers

Ann Southam