Ethogenics (; "the study of behavior as generated by persons who exhibit a character, an ethos", from Greek ἦθος ethos, "custom, character" and γένος genos, "birth, generation") is an interdisciplinary social scientific approach that attempts to understand the systems of belief or means through which individuals attach significance to their actions and form their identities by linking these to the larger structure of rules (norms) and cultural resources in society. For Rom Harré, the founder of ethogenics, it represents a radical innovation in traditional psychology, even a completely "new psychology" that should take its place.  (Harré et al., 1985: 129).

Roots of ethogenics
The origins of ethogenic social science are in microsociology and symbolic interactionism: in particular, Erving Goffman's dramaturgical sociology and Harold Garfinkel's ethnomethodology. Both Goffman and Garfinkel looked at the particular ways in which social actors manage authenticity and construct social order through their performances. Therefore, microsociologists working in this tradition are concerned with the presentation of self in everyday life.

Ethogenic theories
Ethogenicists argue that the unified self (or 'I') emerges through everyday discourse and is enabled through metaphors. Rom Harré states:
All that is personal in our mental and emotional lives is individually appropriated from the conversation going on around us and perhaps idiosyncratically transformed. The structure of our thinking and our feeling will reflect, in various ways, the form and content of that conversation. The main thesis of this work is that mind is no sort of entity, but a system of beliefs structured by a cluster of grammatical models. The science of psychology must be reformed accordingly (1983: 20).

Methodologically, ethogenics starts with the social formation as the primary human reality and then shows how the human self exists within it via personally modified 'templates.'(Harré 1983: 64-65). While Harré makes a distinction between personal and social being, he does not claim that personal being is prior to social being.

By contrast, John Shotter's approach to ethogenics analyzes social action with others (as opposed to individual rule-following and performances), which is said to give individuals 'social powers.' There is no cognitive structure of the social self-independent of social context (Shotter 1983: 33). Therefore, Shotter emphasizes the practical necessities which bring individuals together in moral configurations, which it is necessary to hermeneutically approach. Shotter believes this is a better way to understand the "accounting practices" (and resulting consciousness) of individuals than Harré's methods.

Kenneth Gergen argues that scientific activity (theories) also plays a significant role in constructing the reality and values of individuals. Gergen argues that scientific theories appeal to the common sense within our everyday symbolic world. Societal power relations are affected by groups who try to impose certain frameworks for understanding selfhood, which then guide action (Gergen 1989).

Critique of mainstream social psychology
Ethogenics emerged from a period of crisis in social psychology, representing a rejection of experimental methods (Ginsburg 1995). Such methods apply external "treatments" to groups of individuals rather than studying the personal "sense-making" in which individuals must engage to live in society.

Key theorists
The following authors all belong to the ethogenic school:

 Nicola de Carlo
 David D. Clarke
 Kenneth Gergen
 Rom Harré
 Paul F. Secord
 John Shotter

See also
 Symbolic interactionism
 Dramaturgy (sociology)
 Ethnomethodology
 Verstehen
 Microsociology
 Social constructionism

Notes

Further reading
 Brown, J. and Sime, J.D. (1981). "A Methodology of Accounts." In M.Brenner (ed.), Social Method and Social Life. London: Academic Press, 159–88.
 Clarke, D.D. (1976). "Ethogenics and the Work of Rom Harré." Paper presented to Oxford Summer School in Social Psychology, 11 August.
 Clarke, D.D. (1976). "Rules and Sequences in Conversation."  In P. Collett (ed.), Social Rules and Social Behaviour.  Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
 Gergen, K.J. (1989). "Warranting Voice and the Elaboration of Self." In J. Shotter and K.J. Gergen (eds.), Texts of Identity. London and Newbury Park: Sage.
 Ginsburg, G.P. (1995). "Ethogenics." In A.S.R Manstead and Miles Hewstone (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
 Harré, R. (1979). Social Being: A Theory for Social Psychology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
 ------------- (1983). Personal Being: A Theory for Individual Psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 ------------- (Ed.)(1986).  The Social Construction of Emotions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
 Harré, R., Clarke, D.D., and de Carlo, N. (1985). Motives and Mechanisms: An Introduction to the Psychology of Action. London: Metheun.
 Harré, R., and Secord, P.S. (1972). The Explanation of Social Behaviour. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
 Shotter, J. (1983). "'Duality of Structure' and 'Intentionality' in an Ecological Psychology." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
 Shotter, J. (1984). Social Accountability and Selfhood. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

External links
Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (Eds.)(2005). Research Methods in Education, 5th edition. London: RoutledgeFalmer. "The Principles of the Ethogenic Approach"

Interdisciplinary subfields of sociology

Ethogenics


David William Logan Johnstone (born 6 May 1951) is a Scottish rock guitarist and vocalist, best known for his long-time collaboration with Elton John as a member of the Elton John Band.

Career
Johnstone was born in Edinburgh. At the age of seven, at primary school, he volunteered to learn the violin. But by the time he was 10 he was playing it "sideways like a guitar". One of his sisters then bought him a guitar for Christmas and by the age of 12 he was organising bands at his secondary school, Forrester High School. He had already decided he wanted to be a musician when he grew up.

Johnstone's first work was with Noel Murphy in 1968, where he received his first album credit on the album Another Round. By 1969, Johnstone had secured regular work as a session musician, where he began to branch out and explore differing genres of music, and experiment with a variety of instruments. In 1970, when Lyell Tranter (one of the two guitarists in the acoustic British folk group Magna Carta) left the band, Johnstone took his place as a member. He recorded several albums with them beginning in 1970 on Seasons (1970), and continued to contribute to Songs from Wasties Orchard (1971) (named after the street where he lived in Long Hanborough, Oxfordshire), and a live album entitled In Concert.

During his stint with Magna Carta, Johnstone played a wide variety of instruments including guitar, mandolin, sitar, and dulcimer. He also caught producer Gus Dudgeon's attention during this time – Dudgeon asking Johnstone to play on Bernie Taupin's eponymous 1971 solo album, which resulted in a meeting with Elton John, and ultimately, Johnstone's playing on John's 1971 album Madman Across the Water, after which he was invited to join Elton John's band as a full member. Previously, the Elton John Band consisted of John himself, bassist Dee Murray, and drummer Nigel Olsson.

Johnstone's debut album as a full-time member with John's band, was the 1972 Honky Chateau, on which he played electric and acoustic guitars, slide guitar, banjo, and mandolin, and also sang backing vocals alongside Murray and Olsson. In 1972 he worked with Joan Armatrading and Pam Nestor on their Gus Dudgeon-produced debut album Whatever's for Us, playing acoustic and electric guitar on several tracks, and sitar on the song "Visionary Mountains".

Johnstone released a solo album, Smiling Face, in 1973 through The Rocket Record Company and created a short-lived band called China that released an eponymous album in 1977.

Even while playing alongside other artists such as Stevie Nicks, Meat Loaf and Alice Cooper during the late 1970s and early 1980s, Johnstone was never very far from Elton's projects, and following his reunion with original bandmates Nigel Olsson and Dee Murray full-time for 1982's "Jump Up" tour, has rarely been absent from an Elton John album track or tour.

In 1990, Johnstone collaborated for the first time with lyricist Steve Trudell. With music and lyric in place, the two formed Warpipes, which included past and present Elton John band members Nigel Olsson on drums, Bob Birch on bass, Guy Babylon on keyboards, along with Billy Trudel as vocalist. In 1991, Warpipes released their only album, Holes in the Heavens, on the label Artful Balance Records. When Artful Balance Records folded, Bridge Recordings released an eponymous album (with cover-art showing a space in the name: "War Pipes") which included all bar "Satellite City" from the "Holes..." album. The track order was also changed and three new tracks included: "Little Persuader", "Dust On My Boots" and "One Love True". Additionally, some of the tracks from the "Holes..." album were edited with consequent duration changes.

In 1991, Johnstone produced Addison Steel's Stormy Blue in which he played guitar, mandolin, sitar, and banjo, and performed vocals. Co-producer Guy Babylon joined with keyboard arrangements, alongside drummer Nigel Olsson and Billy Trudell adding percussion and vocals respectively.

In 1996, Johnstone released an instructional guitar video titled Davey Johnstone: Star Licks Master Sessions for Star Licks Productions, in which he plays a wide variety of John classics, joined by Billy Trudel on vocals and Bob Birch on bass. In 1997, while on tour with John, Johnstone and then Elton John bandmate and former Hellecasters guitarist John Jorgenson spent much of their off time creating Crop Circles, an album of acoustic instrumentation released in 1998.

On 10 June 2009, Johnstone played a landmark 2000th show as a member of the Elton John Band at the SECC in Glasgow, Scotland. He is currently serving as John's musical director, in addition to his guitar work, playing along with Nigel Olsson and John Mahon; he also performed with Bob Birch before Birch's death in August 2012.

In 2014, he played on "Belle Fleur" and "If You Were My Love" from Stevie Nicks' album 24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault. He knew Nicks from when he played guitar on several songs from her 1981 album Bella Donna.

On 1 October 2019, Johnstone performed his 3,000th show with Elton John at the first of two Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour stops at the SaskTel Centre in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

On 25 June 2023, he played with John at the Glastonbury Festival. The set was one of the headline acts and was billed as John's last live UK performance.

Personal life
Johnstone lives in Los Angeles with his wife. The couple have seven children.

Solo discography
 Smiling Face (1973)
 "Love Is a Crazy Feeling" (single – B-side "Burnin'") (1980)
 Deeper Than My Roots (2022)

Collaborations

With Elton John
 Madman Across the Water (Uni Records, 1971)
 Honky Château (Uni Records, 1972)
 Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player (MCA Records, 1973)
 Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (MCA Records, 1973)
 Caribou (MCA Records, 1974)
 Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy (MCA Records, 1975)
 Rock of the Westies (MCA Records, 1975)
 Blue Moves (Rocket, 1976)
 Too Low for Zero (Geffen, 1983)
 Breaking Hearts (Geffen, 1984)
 Ice on Fire (Geffen, 1985)
 Leather Jackets (Geffen, 1986)
 Reg Strikes Back (MCA Records, 1988)
 Sleeping with the Past (MCA Records, 1989)
 The One (MCA Records, 1992)
 Made in England (Island Records, 1995)
 The Big Picture (Mercury Records, 1997)
 Songs from the West Coast (Mercury Records, 2001)
 Peachtree Road (Universal Music Records, 2004)
 The Captain & the Kid (Mercury Records, 2006)
 Wonderful Crazy Night (Mercury Records, 2016)

With Alice Cooper
 From the Inside (1978)
 Flush the Fashion (1980)

With Joan Armatrading
 Whatever's for Us (A&M Records, 1972)

With Eric Carmen
 Tonight You're Mine (Arista Records, 1980)

With Belinda Carlisle
 A Woman and a Man (Chrysalis Records, 1996)

With B.B. King
 B.B. King & Friends: 80 (Geffen, 2005)

With Shaun Cassidy
 Under Wraps (Warner Bros. Records, 1978)

With Ryan Malcolm
 Home (Sony, 2003)

With Jimmy Webb
 Land's End (Asylum Records, 1974)

With Rick Astley
 Portrait (RCA Records, 2005)

With Kiki Dee
 Loving & Free (Rocket, 1973)
 Kiki Dee (Rocket, 1977)
 Stay With Me (Rocket, 1978)

With Brian Cadd
 Yesterdaydreams (Capitol Records, 1978)

With Olivia Newton-John
 The Rumour (MCA Records, 1988)

With Bernie Taupin
 Taupin (DJM, 1971)

With Rod Stewart
 A Spanner in the Works (Warner Bros. Records, 1995)

With Yvonne Elliman
 Night Flight (RSO Records, 1978)
 Yvonne (RSO Records, 1979)

With Vonda Shepard
 Vonda Shepard (Reprise Records, 1989)

With Leo Sayer
 Leo Sayer (Chrysalis Records, 1978)

With Stevie Nicks
 Bella Donna (ATCO Records, 1981)
 24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault (Reprise Records, 2014)

See also
Gibson Flying V

References

External links

Magna Carta official website
Davey Johnstone's 2,000th Show

1951 births
Living people
20th-century Scottish male singers
Scottish rock singers
Scottish pop singers
Alice Cooper (band) members
Neverland Express members
Scottish multi-instrumentalists
Lead guitarists
Sitar players
Scottish banjoists
Scottish rock guitarists
Scottish male guitarists
Musicians from Edinburgh
Scottish expatriates in the United States
Slide guitarists
Rocket Records artists
British mandolinists
Scottish male songwriters
Scottish session musicians
People educated at Forrester High School
Elton John Band members

Davey Johnstone


Baron Masham is a title that has been created three times, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was first created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1712 when the courtier Samuel Masham was made Baron Masham, of Otes. In 1723 he also succeeded as fourth Baronet of High Lever. The barony became extinct on the death of the second Baron in 1776. The Masham baronetcy, of High Lever in the County of Essex, was created by James I in the Baronetage of England on 20 December 1621 for Samuel Masham. The third Baronet was Member of Parliament for Essex. The baronetcy became extinct along with the barony in 1776.

It was created for a second time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1891, when the industrialist Samuel Lister was made Baron Masham, of Swinton in the County of York. This creation became extinct upon the death of the third Baron in 1924.

It was created for at third time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1955 when the Conservative politician Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Viscount Swinton, was made Baron Masham, of Ellington in the County of York. He was created Earl of Swinton at the same time. Born Philip Lloyd Grame, he was the husband of Mary Constance Cunliffe-Lister, granddaughter of the first Baron of the 1891 creation, and had assumed the surname of Cunliffe-Lister in 1924 when his wife succeeded to the substantial Masham estates. Susan Cunliffe-Lister, wife of the second Earl of Swinton, was created a life peer as Baroness Masham of Ilton in her own right in 1970.

Note: there is an older, separate title Baron Scrope of Masham that belongs to the Scrope family. It is in abeyance since 1517.

Masham baronets, of High Lever (1621)
Sir William Masham, 1st Baronet (c. 1592 – c. 1656)
Sir William Masham, 2nd Baronet (d. c. 1663)
Sir Francis Masham, 3rd Baronet (c. 1646 – 1723)
Sir Samuel Masham, 4th Baronet (c. 1679 – 1758)  (created Baron Masham in 1712)

Barons Masham, first creation (1712)
Samuel Masham, 1st Baron Masham (c. 1679 – 1758)
Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham (c. 1670 – 1734) his wife and favourite of Queen Ann
Samuel Masham, 2nd Baron Masham (1712–1776)

Barons Masham, second creation (1891)
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron Masham (1815–1906)
Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 2nd Baron Masham (1857–1917)
John Cunliffe Lister, 3rd Baron Masham (1867–1924)

Barons Masham, third creation (1955)
see Earl of Swinton

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1712
Noble titles created in 1891
Noble titles created in 1955
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Baron Masham


Pyotr Andreyevich Gusev () was a ballet dancer, teacher and choreographer. He was born on 29 December, 1904 in St. Petersburg. He studied at the St. Petersburg School of Choreography under . He was a friend of George Balanchine and joined his Young Ballet group. He graduated in 1924 and joined the Kirov Ballet. He married Olga Mungalova, a ballet dancer at Kriov. In 1935 he left the Kirov and joined the Bolshoy in Moscow as a soloist. He was dancing with such ballerinas as Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya.

In 1945 he decided to finish his stage career and became the artistic director of the Kirov, then the  and later the Novosibirsk Theatre. He was also teaching at various schools and took up the role of the ballet master in the Stanislavsky Theatre.

He also worked abroad. Especially important was his work in China between 1958 and 1960. He set up the first ballet academies in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and also taught the first generation of Chinese ballet dancers in those institutions.

From 1966 he taught at the Leningrad Conservatory first as a teacher then from 1973 as a professor. He retired in 1983.

In 1982 the UNESCO accepted his suggestion to declare April the 29 as the International Dance Day. He played the role of Marius Petipa in the film Pavlova, a film made for the memory of Anna Pavlova in 1983.

Contribution to the ballet repertory

Pyotr Gusev revised many of the ballets of Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov throughout his career, though he is often not credited for his choreographic revisions. In 1955 he presented a new version of Le Corsaire with the ballet historian Yuri Slonimsky for the Ballet of the Maly/Mikhailovsky Theatre. Today Gusev's production of Le Corsaire is included in the repertory of the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet. Gusev's revision of the choreography of the scene Le Jardin animé from Le Corsaire is included in several productions of the ballet, notably American Ballet Theatre and the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet's productions, and is considered the standard choreographic text.

Gusev also staged a new one-act version of the 1900 Petipa/Drigo ballet Les Millions d'Arlequin under the title Harlequinade for the Ballet of the Maly Theatre, a production that was largely based on Fyodor Lopukhov's version of 1933 for the same company. Today Gusev's staging is performed by several Russian ballet companies.

In the 1930s and 1940s, Gusev created many pas de deux set to music taken from the Petipa/Imperial-era repertory. Among these pieces was Le Talisman pas de deux, the Harlequinade pas de deux, La Esmeralda pas de deux, and La Source pas de deux. Most of these pas de deux are not even original to whatever works they derive their titles from and even contain little to no music from them. Nevertheless, today these pieces are performed by dancers all over the world.

In 1947 Gusev choreographed a new version of the Variation de Gamzatti from the 1877 Petipa/Minkus ballet La Bayadère for Natalia Dudinskaya. Today Gusev's choreography is the standard version performed by ballet companies throughout the world.

References

External links
«Культура»

Russian male ballet dancers
Ballet masters
Ballet teachers
Ballet choreographers
Russian choreographers
1904 births
1987 deaths
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Honored Artists of the RSFSR

Pyotr Gusev


In  computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut , is a certain subset of colors. Most often it is a subset of colors, which can be accurately represented by some output device.

Another sense refers to the complete set of colors found within an image.

Introduction
The term gamut was adopted from music, where in middle age Latin "gamut" meant the entire range of musical notes of which musical melodies are composed. In the 1850s, the term was used for a range of colors or hue, for example by Thomas De Quincey, who wrote "Porphyry, I have heard, runs through as large a gamut of hues as marble."

In color theory, the gamut of a device is the portion of the color space that it can show.

When certain colors cannot be presented within a particular color model, those colors are said to be out of gamut.

While processing a digital image, an image is usually recorded in RGB color model. When printing such image has to be converted from an original RGB color space to the printer's CMYK color space. During this process, the colors, which are out of printer's gamut are converted to the in-gamut colors. So, the final image is an approximation of the original one.

Representation of gamuts

Gamuts are commonly represented as areas in the full visible range of colors. The full range of colors is usually shown as CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram shaped like a horseshoe.

The gamut depends on the brightness. So a full gamut is represented in 3D space.

Comparison of gamut of some devices

The list contains some typical devices, wich show pictures, ranging from large to small color gamut:

 Laser video projector uses three lasers to produce the broadest gamut available today. Because lasers produce truly monochromatic primaries. More than three lasers can be used together to increase the gamut range.
 Photographic film can reproduce a larger color gamut than typical television or computer.
 CRT displays have a roughly triangular color gamut, which covers a large portion of the visible color space. In CRTs, the limitations are due to the phosphors in the screen which produce red, green, and blue light.
 Printing typically uses the CMYK color space (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Efforts have been made to expand the gamut of the printing process by adding inks of non-primary colors.
 A monochrome display's color gamut is a one-dimensional curve in color space.

References

Other websites
 Using the Chromaticity Diagram for Color Gamut Evaluation by Bruce Lindbloom.
 Color Gamut Mapping book by Jan Morovic.
 Quantifying Color Gamut by William D. Kappele
 Stanford University CS 178 interactive Flash demo  explaining color gamut mapping.

Color model

Gamut


Smithburg is an unincorporated community in Doddridge County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is located along U.S. Route 50. Middle Island Creek, the longest stream in West Virginia to be named a "creek," is formed in Smithburg by the confluence of Meathouse Fork and Buckeye Creek.  The North Bend Rail Trail passes through the community.

References

Unincorporated communities in Doddridge County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Clarksburg micropolitan area

Smithburg, West Virginia


The Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival is an annual storytelling festival held Thursday through Saturday after Labor Day in Chillicothe, Ohio.  Local, regional and nationally known storytellers are invited to perform their favorite stories for thousands of school children and storytelling enthusiasts.  A board of community volunteers and local/regional storytellers makes up the 503(c) non-profit organization that is responsible for organizing and overseeing the festival.

History
The history of storytelling in southern Ohio extends back to the Native Americans. The Shawnee and Mingo tribes that inhabited southern Ohio maintained their history through stories passed down from generation to generation. The pioneers who established communities in the same area brought with them the stories of their ancestors even as they created their own. The travelers, and those who helped them, along the Underground Railroad encouraged one another with their stories of hope as they passed through the southern Ohio area.

Bill McKell, a local storyteller and business leader, visited both the National Storytelling Festival and, later, a regional storytelling festival in Kentucky with his family.  With no other festivals in the Ohio area, Bill McKell spearheaded a committee of local volunteers and storytelling organizations that developed plans and secured grants and donations to hold the first Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival in Chillicothe, the historic first-capital of Ohio, in 2004.

Various venues have been used over the years, in addition to the historic Majestic Theatre, to accommodate thousands of school children that attend the festival.  The locations have included the Stevenson Center library, Bennett Hall auditorium and the Shoemaker Center gymnasium at the Ohio University-Chillicothe Branch, a tent at the Pump House Art Gallery in Yoctangee Park, 30 East Main Street, the J.A. Smith Middle School auditorium, local school libraries/gymnasiums/auditoriums and a tent in the courtyard of the Majestic Theatre.

There was no festival in 2020.

The festival

The festival begins on Thursday evening with a "meet the storytellers" reception that is open to the public and includes a concert that previews each of the festival's storytellers.  Thousands of students participate during the day on Friday. Students around the state of Ohio also participate through the videoconferencing network provided by the South Central Ohio Computer Association.  Ghost stories were added in 2009 and have been held on Friday evenings in the historic Majestic Theatre.

Past performers include Bill Harley, Carmen Agra Deedy, Donald Davis, Elizabeth Ellis, Connie Regan-Blake, Sheila Kay Adams, Bobby Norfolk, Bil Lepp, Antonio Rocha, Len Cabral, Kate Long, Lyn Ford, Kevin Cordi, Bill Harley, Andy Offutt Irwin and Jim Flanagan.  Participants are encouraged to share their own stories with an open microphone during Saturday's schedule.

References

External links
The Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival  (Chillicothe, Ohio, USA)
Storytelling festivals List and links to storytelling festivals
The National Storytelling Network (USA)
An interview with Bill McKell, the founder of the Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival "Building a Storytelling Festival from the Ground Up"

Festivals in Ohio
Ohio folklore
Storytelling festivals
Tourist attractions in Ross County, Ohio

Southern Ohio Storytelling Festival


Carlos Sherman (; October 25, 1934 – March 4, 2005) was a Uruguay-born Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, human rights activist and honorary vice-president of the Belarusian PEN Center (a worldwide association of writers, aimed to promote intellectual cooperation and understanding among writers). He translated from Spanish into Belarusian and Russian.

Biography
Carlos was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. His father was from western Belarus, and his mother was a Native American. He grew up in Argentina, and studied philology at Universidad de Morón in Buenos Aires from 1951 to 1956, and started his writing career there. He became a friend of Pablo Neruda. In 1955, he became editor in chief of the newspaper 'Mi Pueblo'.  In 1956, influenced by Soviet propaganda, his father decided to return to Belarus (then the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the USSR), taking the whole family. At first, Carlos worked there in a factory, and then as a translator and librarian (chief of the publishing operations of the Jakub Kolas library of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus), and from 1980 onwards, devoting himself exclusively to literary work.  He has translated into Spanish the work of several leading Belarusian prose writers and poets (such as Jakub Kolas, Janka Kupala, Ryhor Baradulin, Vasil Bykau) and into Belarusian and Russian the works of García Lorca, Neruda, and many others, while continuing to write his own poetry in Spanish. In the late 1980s, he launched a campaign to establish a Belarusian Centre of the International PEN organization, and, once it was established, served as its vice-president until 2002 or 2003, when he was forced to retire due to ill health.

He died in a hospital in Norway at the age of 71.

External links
 Belarusian PEN Centre
 A verse from Carlos Sherman in "Mindfire"

1934 births
2005 deaths
Uruguayan translators
Belarusian translators
Translators from Belarusian
Translators from Spanish
Translators to Russian
Translators to Belarusian
Translators to Spanish
Belarusian male writers
Uruguayan expatriates in Argentina
Uruguayan people of Belarusian descent
Uruguayan people of indigenous peoples descent
20th-century translators
20th-century Uruguayan male writers

Carlos Sherman


Falmouth ( ) is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 32,517 at the 2020 census, making Falmouth the second-largest municipality on Cape Cod after Barnstable. The terminal for the Steamship Authority ferries to Martha's Vineyard is located in the village of Woods Hole in Falmouth. Woods Hole also contains several scientific organizations such as the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), the Woodwell Climate Research Center, NOAA's Woods Hole Science Aquarium, and the scientific institutions' various museums.

For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Falmouth, please see the articles on East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, North Falmouth, Teaticket, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole. Falmouth also encompasses the villages of Hatchville and Waquoit, which are not census-designated places and fall within the village of East Falmouth based on postal service.

History

Falmouth was first settled by English colonists in 1660 and was officially incorporated in 1686. Bartholomew Gosnold named the settlement for Falmouth, Cornwall, England, his home port. Early principal activities were farming, salt works, shipping, whaling, and sheep husbandry, which was very popular due to the introduction of Merino sheep and the beginnings of water-powered mills that could process the wool. In 1837, Falmouth averaged about 50 sheep per square mile.

Falmouth saw brief action in the War of 1812, when the area around Falmouth Heights, on its southern coast, was bombarded by several British frigates and ships of the line, and Massachusetts militia hastily entrenched themselves on the beaches to repulse a possible British landing which never came. By 1872, the train had come to Falmouth and Woods Hole, and some of the first summer homes were established. By the late 19th century, cranberries were being cultivated and strawberries were being raised for the Boston market. Large-scale dairying was tried in the early 20th century in interior regions. After the improvement in highways, and thanks in part to the heavy use of neighboring Camp Edwards (now part of Joint Base Cape Cod) during World War II, population growth increased significantly. Large homebuilding booms occurred in the 1970s, followed by others in the 1980s and 1990s.

In the late 1800s, after railroad service was established between Boston and Cape Cod, James Madison Beebe bought over  and built Highfield Hall, which is now a museum, and much of the land is preserved as Beebe Woods. In 1965, Robert Manry sailed from Falmouth aboard his  sailboat and reached Falmouth, Great Britain, 78 days later.

Historic districts

The town of Falmouth has seven historic districts, including four on the National Register of Historic Places:
Falmouth Village Green
North Falmouth Village
Waquoit
West Falmouth Village
The other three historic districts are in Woods Hole, Davisville, and Quissett.

In addition to the historic districts, Falmouth has ten individual sites on the National Register:
Central Fire Station
Crowell-Bourne Farm
Elnathan Nye House
Falmouth Pumping Station
Josiah Tobey House
Lawrence Academy
Nobska Light
Poor House and Methodist Cemetery
Teaticket School
Woods Hole School

Offshore Falmouth in Buzzards Bay, Cleveland East Ledge Light is listed with the National Register.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 19.04%, is water. Most of Falmouth, like the rest of Cape Cod, sits on glacial sands composed of glacial outwash deposits. However, the soil in the southwestern part of the town, consisting of moraine deposits, is more rocky and dense, like the rest of New England, and many glacial erratics are scattered about, having been dropped by the retreating glaciers. The climate is temperate marine. There is no exposed bedrock. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year and averages 2 to 3 in (50–75 mm) per month.

Falmouth lies on the southwestern tip of Cape Cod. It is bordered by Bourne and Sandwich to the north, Mashpee to the east, Vineyard Sound to the south, and Buzzards Bay to the west. At its closest point, Falmouth is approximately  from Nonamesset Island, the easternmost island of the town of Gosnold and the Elizabeth Islands. It is approximately  north-northwest of Martha's Vineyard, the closest land to the island. Falmouth is approximately  south of the Bourne Bridge,  west of Barnstable, and  south-southeast of Boston.

Falmouth's topography is similar to the rest of Cape Cod's, with many small ponds, creeks, and inlets surrounded by the pines and oaks of the Cape and often rocky beachfront. Falmouth's southern shore is notable for a series of ponds and rivers spaced very closely together, all of which travel some distance into the town. These include, from west to east, Falmouth Inner Harbor, Little Pond, Great Pond (which leads to the Dexter and Coonamesset rivers), Green Pond, Bourne's Pond, Eel Pond (which leads to the Childs River), and Waquoit Bay, which lies along the Mashpee town line. The Buzzards Bay side of the town is primarily bays divided by necks, peninsulas connected to land by isthmi. The largest inlet is Megansett Cove along the Bourne town line. The Buzzards Bay shore of Falmouth is punctuated by a number of hamlets, including, from north to south, Megansett, New Silver Beach, Old Silver, Chappaquoit, Sippewisset, Quissett, and Woods Hole.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Falmouth, Massachusetts has a warm-summer, wet all year, humid continental climate (Dfb). Dfb climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ 32.0 °F (≤ 0.0 °C), at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (≥ 10.0 °C), all months with an average mean temperature ≤ 71.6 °F (≤ 22.0 °C), and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. The average seasonal (Nov–Apr) snowfall total is around 30 in (76 cm). The average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the plant hardiness zone is 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 1.3 °F (–17.1 °C).

Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. Potential natural vegetation Types, Falmouoth, Massachusetts would primarily contain a Northeastern Oak/Pine (110) vegetation type with a Southern Mixed Forest (26) vegetation form.

Transportation

Falmouth's main road is Massachusetts Route 28, which runs south from Bourne as a divided highway, then becomes a surface road and heads east through downtown as Main Street, then turns northeast through East Falmouth before crossing into Mashpee. As one of two major east–west routes on the Cape, Route 28 is regularly congested, and there is minimal room for widening opportunities. Route 151 runs east–west through the northern section of the town, connecting North Falmouth and Hatchville with Mashpee.

Falmouth is home to The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority. Daily ferry service brings tourists, residents and supplies from Woods Hole to Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. It is the main ferry line between the Vineyard and the mainland (as Nantucket is further east, its main line leaves Hyannis). A seasonal ferry, the Island Queen, runs from Falmouth Harbor to Martha's Vineyard.

The Massachusetts Coastal Railroad provides rail freight service to North Falmouth, where a spur runs into Otis Air Base to serve a trash transfer station. Also, as of a June 25, 2009 capecodonline.com article, the company plans to re-extend passenger railroad service to the town, complete with dinner and tourist trains, though this will also be only to North Falmouth, due to the fact that the other  of railroad track had been replaced with the current Shining Sea Bikeway. On November 21, 2009, North Falmouth saw its first passenger train in at least 12 years. The nearest inter-city (Amtrak) passenger rail stations are Providence and Boston's South Station. The Middleborough/Lakeville and Kingston/Route 3 stations of the MBTA's commuter rail system provide the closest service to Boston.

There is a private air park in East Falmouth, and the nearest national and international air service is at Logan International Airport in Boston and T. F. Green Airport near Providence, both being about equidistant from Falmouth. There is a regional airport in nearby Hyannis.

Falmouth is also served by the Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority bus routes.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 32,660 people, 13,859 households, and 8,980 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 20,055 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 93.39% White, 1.82% Black or African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.44% from other races, and 1.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.

There were 13,859 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $68,191, and the median income for a family was $97,422. Males had a median income of $61,797 versus $38,867 for females. The per capita income for the town was $42,548. About 4.5% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics
Falmouth is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a part of two districts, the Third Barnstable (which also includes portions of Barnstable, Bourne and Mashpee), and the Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket District, which includes all of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and Gosnold. The town is represented in the Massachusetts Senate as a part of the Plymouth and Barnstable district, which includes Bourne, Kingston, Pembroke, Plymouth, and Sandwich. The town is patrolled by the Seventh (Bourne) Barracks of Troop D of the Massachusetts State Police.

On the national level, Falmouth is a part of Massachusetts's 9th congressional district, and is currently represented by Bill Keating.

Falmouth is governed by the representative town meeting form of government with 9 precincts of 27 members each serving three-year terms and is led by a five-member board of selectmen serving rotating three-year terms. The town operates its own police and fire departments, with a central police station and five fire stations. The fire department also operates the town's ambulance service with four-ambulances staffed 24/7. The town's central library is located downtown. There are branches in North and East Falmouth, and private libraries in West Falmouth and Woods Hole which are open to the public. There are seven post offices in town for the six ZIP codes, although several overlap and the main office handles the majority of the work. Falmouth is also the site of Falmouth Hospital, which serves the Upper Cape region.

Education

Falmouth's public school system serves about 4,500 students yearly. There are four schools, East Falmouth, Mullen-Hall, North Falmouth, and Teaticket, which serve the elementary school population, from pre-kindergarten to fourth grade. The Morse Pond Middle School serves grades five and six, while the Lawrence Junior High School serves grades seven and eight. Falmouth High School covers grades 9–12. (Prior to 1974 the 9–12 grades were in the Lawrence building and known as Lawrence High School.) FHS's athletics teams are nicknamed the Clippers, and their colors are maroon and white. They compete in the Atlantic Coast League, having moved recently from the Old Colony League. Their chief rival is nearby Barnstable High School. The public schools are supported in part by the Volunteers in Public Schools (VIPS), various PTO associations, the Falmouth Scholarship Association, the Falmouth Education Foundation (FEF), the Falmouth STEM Boosters and the Woods Hole Science Technology Partnership.

Falmouth is also the home of a private school, Falmouth Academy, serving grades 7 through 12. Falmouth high school students may also choose to attend the Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Bourne free of charge. Resident students can also attend Sturgis Charter Public School in Hyannis also free of charge, pending acceptance through a lottery.

Sports and recreation

Falmouth is home to the Falmouth Commodores, an amateur collegiate summer baseball team in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The team plays at Arnie Allen Diamond at Guv Fuller Field, and has featured dozens of players who went on to careers in Major League Baseball, such as Tino Martinez, Darin Erstad, and Jacoby Ellsbury.

Falmouth is the home of its namesake Falmouth Road Race, an annual race started in 1973 that draws over 10,000 runners from all over the world. The race runs  from the village of Woods Hole to Falmouth Heights Beach in downtown Falmouth.

Arts and entertainment
Falmouth is home to a vibrant theatre community. The College Light Opera Company has performed at the Highfield Theatre every summer since 1969.  Other institutions include the Falmouth Theatre Guild and the Cape Cod Theatre Project.

In addition to theatre, there is the Cape Cod Conservatory and the Falmouth Arts Guild.

Falmouth holds a yearly Christmas parade in the month of December that runs along Main Street in downtown Falmouth.

Notable people

 Peter Abrahams, author
 Ben Affleck, actor
 Casey Affleck, actor
 Katharine Lee Bates, writer of "America the Beautiful"
 Steve Cishek, relief pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
 Colleen Coyne, 1998 Olympic gold medalist on the U.S. women's ice hockey team
 Wesley Dennis, illustrator of children's books
 Pete Doherty "The Duke of Dorchester"
 Jessica Dubroff, seven-year-old pilot trainee who died in a plane crash
 Jacob Sloat Fassett, U.S. congressman from Elmira, New York; Fassett's Point in West Falmouth and the town of Fassett, Quebec, are named after him
 Melissa Febos, writer
 Paul Harney, former professional PGA golfer, resided in Falmouth and owned the Paul Harney Golf Club in Hatchville
 Edward Hopkins Jenkins (1850–1931), agricultural chemist; director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (1900–1923); born in Falmouth
 Mark Lachs, physician, scientist, and popular author
 Julia Marden, Wampanoag artist
 Frederick E. Olmsted, WPA muralist and sculptor then later scientist
 Julia O'Malley-Keyes, fine artist
 Joseph Rago, journalist
 Charles Bennett Ray Abolitionist journalist
 Greg Dean Schmitz, online film journalist (Yahoo! Movies, Rotten Tomatoes)
 Sunita Williams, astronaut and United States Navy officer

Military installations
Camp Edwards, formerly named Camp Falmouth, is a US military training camp in western Barnstable County. It is the largest part of Joint Base Cape Cod, formerly named Massachusetts Military Reservation.
The installation is of economic and environmental importance.

Groundwater pollution

During the 1970s and 1980s, it was discovered that the groundwater in some areas of Falmouth had been contaminated by toxic chemicals linked to the disposal of jet fuel, solvents, industrial chemicals, and other substances on the Massachusetts Military Reservation, now known as Joint Base Cape Cod. Plumes of groundwater pollution that reached into Falmouth contaminated household well water in some neighborhoods and forced the town to shut down a public  well in 1975 that accounted for 25% of the town's public water supply. A major report was released on the contamination in 1986. In 1996, the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (now known as the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment) assumed responsibility for the cleanup, treating soils at several sites and installing pumping wells in an effort to contain the plumes of groundwater contamination.

In 2010, the Silent Spring Institute tested about 20 public water supplies, 40 percent of which had detectable levels of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). In 2015, the Air Force started testing private wells in the Currier Road area after water treatment plant samples showed elevated levels of 1,4-dioxane. Since May 2016, four houses in the Currier Road neighborhood have been receiving bottled water for elevated levels of PFCs after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established a national standard for PFCs, such as PFOS and PFOAs.

References

External links

 Town of Falmouth Official Website
 Falmouth Historical Society
 Falmouth Chamber of Commerce Tourist Information

1660 establishments in Plymouth Colony
Populated coastal places in Massachusetts
Populated places established in 1660
Towns in Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Towns in Massachusetts

Falmouth, Massachusetts


The AN/APQ-120 was an aircraft fire control radar (FCR) manufactured by Westinghouse for the McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II.  AN/APQ-120 has a long line of lineage, with its origin traced all the way back to Aero-13 FCR developed by the same company in the early 1950s.  A total of half a dozen FCRs were tested and evaluated on the first 18 F-4s built, but they were soon replaced by later radars produced in great numbers, including AN/APQ-120.

Aero 13

The Aero 13 FCR designed for Douglas F4D Skyray is the origin of AN/APQ-120, and it established the configuration of the airborne FCR not only for the radar families of AN/APQ-120, but also a standard for all other airborne radars to follow: Aero 13 FCR was designed as an integrated cylindrical module that could be plugged into the nose of an aircraft, instead of a set of semi-independent black boxes.

Aero 1A
Aero 13 did not have any capability for semi-active radar homing (SARH) air-to-air missile (AAM)s. 1A FCR was developed to add this capability by incorporating a continuous wave illuminator for SARH AAMs.  This configuration of Aero 1A remained unchanged for later radars for F-4s all the way until AN/APQ-50.

AN/APQ-35

The next radar to be installed on F-4 prototypes and pre-production series was AN/APQ-35, which was actually consisted of two radars: the AN/APS-21 search radar that could locate fighter-size targets at a range of 32 kilometers (20 miles), and the AN/APS-26 targeting radar, with a range of 3.2 kilometers (2 miles).

AN/APQ-36
AN/APQ-36 is the improvement over earlier AN/APQ-35, and when AN/APQ-36 entered service on Douglas F3D Skyknight and Vought F7U Cutlass, it was the largest airborne FCR of its time. The more powerful AN/APQ-36 with large size did not have any problem being installed on F-4 prototypes, so that more powerful FCR of larger size would be developed.

AN/APQ-41
The AN/APQ-41 was an improvement over the AN/APQ-36, and was designed to provide air intercept, search, to automatically track a selected target, and to supply lead angle and range information. Facilities were also provided for air-to-surface search, for beacon interrogation and response display, and for response display when used in connection with identification friend or foe (IFF). Specifications:
Search or Gun-Aim Range: 24 nm max, 200 yd min
Ground Mapping Range: 100 nm
Beacon Range: 200 nm
Reliable Gun-Aim Prediction: 2,000 yd max
Tracking Accuracy: 25 yd within the ranges of 200 and 2,000 yd
Future Range Accuracy: 25 yd
Azimuth (Search): 106.5 deg
Elevation (Search): 13 deg (within 30 deg of aircraft center line)
Azimuth (Track): 116.5 deg
Elevation (Track): 116.5 deg
Accuracy (Search and Track): 4% all indications
Type of Presentation:
B-scope (Search)-Target azimuth and range, range strobe, range markers, beacon and IFF responses
C-scope (Search)-Target strobe, targets, straddled by range strobe, artificial horizon line, scan pattern
C-scope (Track)-Target dot, range rate circle and dot, artificial horizon line
Fixed Range Marker: 25-mi markers on 100 and 200-mi scales
Radar Frequency (Search and Track): 9375 30 mc
Beacon Frequency: Transmitting, 9375 30 mc; receiving, 9310 1 mc
Operating Temperature:-55 to +55 deg C
Altitude Limit: 52,000 ft

AN/APQ-46
AN/APQ-46 is the last radar tested and evaluated on F-4 prototypes and pre-production series.  F-4 equipped with this radar was specifically modified to meet US Navy Ferret electronic countermeasure aircraft requirement, which eventually did not materialize.

AN/APQ-50

AN/APQ-50 is the radar installed on low-rate initial production batch of F-4s, but as with earlier radars, it was not used in great numbers in comparison to later radars of the same family.  The parabolic antenna is 24 inches in diameter, and in addition to providing all weather capability, AN/APQ-50 FCR also provides information on automatic firing of rockets.

AN/APQ-72
AN/APQ-72 FCR is a development of AN/APQ-50, with the diameter of the antenna increased by a third to 32 inches from the original 24 inches of AN/APQ-50.  AN/APA-128 CW illuminator is integrated with the radar to give it a capability for radar guided AAMs.  AN/APQ-72 is the first radar installed on F-4s to be built in great numbers, starting with the 19th F-4 produced.

AN/APG-59
AN/APG-59 FCR is a modified AN/APQ-72 designed for the British.  The main difference between AN/APG-59 and its predecessor is that the radar dish could be swung sideways in order to reduce the length of the aircraft to 54 feet so that it could fit on the small deck lifts of British carriers. Used in the AN/AWG-10.

AN/APQ-100
AN/APQ-100 is the replacement for the AN/APQ-72, and it featured a redesigned radar scope in the rear cockpit that offered a plan position indicator (PPI) mapping display option, and adjustable range strobe for bombing. For air-to-ground missions, the radar interfaced with the inertial platform on F-4s.

AN/APG-60
Modified AN/APQ-100 for the British to replace the AN/APG-59.  As with AN/APG-59, AN/APG-60 also had a radar dish which could be swung sideways in order to reduce the length of the aircraft to 54 feet so that it could fit on the small deck lifts of British carriers. AN/APG-60 was later upgraded with Doppler capability during its upgrades, and integrated in the AN/AWG-11.

AN/APQ-109
AN/APQ-109 is an improvement of the earlier AN/APQ-100 with an improved cockpit display able to handle TV imagery from weapons such as AGM-62 Walleye.  Other significant additions included air-to-ground ranging, ground beacon identification and display capabilities. AN/APQ-109 was an improved, more reliable "hybrid" version of the AN/APQ-100 with solid-state components in the low-voltage sections.

AN/APG-61
Modified AN/APQ-109 for the British to replace AN/APG-60.  As with AN/APG-59/60, AN/APG-61 also had a radar dish which could be swung sideways in order to reduce the length of the aircraft to 54 feet so that it could fit on the small deck lifts of British carriers. Used in the AN/AWG-12.

AN/APQ-117
AN/APQ-117 terrain following and attack radar, developed from earlier AN/APQ-109, with terrain following capability added.

AN/APQ-120
A fully solid-state radar developed from AN/APQ-117, the AN/APQ-120 radar was much more compact than its predecessors, allowing it to fit into the nose along with the cannon, and the radar was later integrated into AN/AWG-14.

AN/AWG-10

AN/AWG stands for (A) Piloted Aircraft (W) Armament (G) Fire Control. AN/APG-59 was the first FCR integrated into AN/AWG-10, which developed into two more versions, A and B. The original AN/AWG-10 can detect an aerial target with 5 square meters radar cross section more than 100 kilometers away.

AN/AWG-10A is a development of the original AN/AWG-10, with great improvement in reliability and maintainability by replacing the original transmitter in AN/AWG-10 with a solid state unit whose only tube was a klystron power amplifier.  Adding a digital computer allowed much more effective missile launch equations. AN/AWG-10A also incorporated a new servoed optical sight. There were also additions of new modes such as continuously displayed impact point mode, freeze displayed impact mode, and computer released visual mode.  AN/AWG-10B was further digitized version of AN/AWG-10/10A but retained many analog circuits. A key AVC (avionics change) was the replacement of the unreliable Doppler Spectrum Analyzer (DSA) with a reliable Digital Spectrum Processor (DSP) which also increased accuracy when operating in doppler mode.

AN/AWG-11
AN/AWG-11 was a British AN/AWG-10 license-built by Ferranti. The radar used was AN/APG-60, and AN/AWG-11 is a slightly modified AN/AWG-10 in that it's compatible with AGM-12 Bullpup and WE.177, so that British F-4s can perform nuclear strike missions if required.

AN/AWG-12
AN/AWG-12 was an improved AN/AWG-11 built by Ferranti with AN/APG-61 FCR. The main difference between AN/AWG-11 and AN/AWG-12 is that the latter has a better ground mapping mode, and it also can control a belly mounted SUU-23/A Vulcan. AN/AWG-12 finally retired in 1992 when the last F-4s in British service retired, and during its service life, it was upgraded with improvements of the AN/AWG-10A/B.

AN/AWG-14
AN/AWG-14 is the final member of the lineage of this radar family, and it is a fully digitized upgrade of the AWG series incorporating AN/APQ-120.  The open architecture and modular design enable AWG-14 to accommodate different radars, such as AN/APG-65, AN/APG-66, AN/APG-76, Elta EL/M-2011/2021 and EL/M-2032.

See also
List of radars
Joint Electronics Type Designation System

References

External links

Aircraft radars
Military radars of the United States

AN/APQ-120


Bill Hatcher (born 1959) is an American photographer. His first story published in National Geographic (magazine) was "Storming the Tower" May 1996, a cover story that documents the free ascent of the East face of the Nameless Tower in the Trango Towers, Pakistan.
He has covered other stories for National Geographic (magazine) including the first mountain biking and canyoning coverage to appear in the magazine.
He has won several awards and recognition for his photography including  for photography in Communication Arts (magazine) Advertising  Annual 1996, Communication Photography Annual 2004 annual, Sports Emmy Award  for  electronic cameraperson for the film "Vietnam: Into the Dragon's Teeth" and inclusion in the National Geographic (magazine)  special edition of "100  Best Pictures" 2001.

References

Living people
1959 births
American photographers

Bill Hatcher


Ronald Wayne Snidow (December 30, 1941 – May 17, 2009) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Browns.  He attended San Rafael High School in California.  He played college football at the University of Oregon.  The Washington Redskins drafted Snidow in the third round of the 1963 NFL draft.  After five seasons with the Redskins, he was traded to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for a second round draft choice, just prior to the opening of the 1968 season.  Snidow was first-team All-Pro with the Browns in 1969.  He appeared in 126 career regular season games.  After suffering a broken leg while playing with the Browns, he retired at the end of the 1972 season, having played 10 years in the NFL.  After retiring from the NFL, Snidow worked as a commercial real estate broker in Southern California, until he retired.  In 2008, Snidow was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, which he died from a year later on May 17, 2009, while on a vacation cruise off the coast of Italy on the island of Elba.

References

External links

1941 births
2009 deaths
American football defensive tackles
Cleveland Browns players
Oregon Ducks football players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Newport News, Virginia
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in Tuscany

Ron Snidow


Metropolitan Macarius (, secular name Mikhail Andreyevich Nevsky, ; October 1, 1835 in Shapkino, Vladimir Governorate, Russian Empire – March 2, 1926, Kotelniki, Moscow Governorate, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) was the Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna from 1912 to 1917, an outstanding missionary and enlightener of the masses in the Altai region (people used to call him the "Siberian pillar of Orthodoxy" and "Apostle of the Altai").

Life
Born to a family of a sexton, Macarius graduated from a theological seminary in Tobolsk (1854) and joined the Altai Mission, which had been set up by the Holy Synod with the purpose of converting the people of the Altay region to Christianity.

In 1861, Macarius took monastic vows and was ordained a hieromonk (monastic priest). From 1861 to 1864, he was busy restoring the Chulyshmansky Monastery to a normal state. In 1868–1869, Macarius lived in Kazan and worked on the grammar of the Altai language, publishing a number of divine service books in this language. In 1883, he was appointed head of the Altai Holy Mission and raised to the dignity of archmandrite, and then consecrated as Bishop of Biysk and vicar of the Tomsk eparchy. In 1891, Macarius was named Bishop of Tomsk and Semipalatinsk. In 1905, he became the Bishop of Tomsk and Barnaul (later, archbishop). In 1908, Macarius was appointed Archbishop of Tomsk and Altay.

In 1912, he was summoned to Moscow by the Holy Synod and elected Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, also becoming thereby a member of the Holy Governing Synod. In 1913, Macarius became an honorable member of the St Petersburg Theological Academy. On March 20 of 1917, he retired from his post and was sent to Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery. Three years later, Metropolitan Tikhon bestowed upon Macarius the honorable lifelong title of Metropolitan of the Altai. Macarius died in 1926.

In 1956, Macarius' remains (still incorrupt, some say) were transferred to Sergiyev Posad and placed under the Dormition Cathedral of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra.

External links
Macarius II (Nevsky) of Moscow at OrthodoxWiki.

1835 births
1926 deaths
People from Ivanovo Oblast
People from Kovrovsky Uyezd
Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow
Eastern Orthodox missionaries
Members of the Union of the Russian People
19th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
20th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Translators of the Bible into Kazakh
20th-century translators
Missionary linguists

Macarius (Nevsky)


Rapportführer (Report Leader; feminine: Rapportführerin) was a paramilitary title of the SS, specific to the Totenkopfverbände (Concentration Camp Service).  An SS-Rapportführer was usually a mid-level SS-non-commissioned officer (often an Oberscharführer or Hauptscharführer) who served as the commander of a group of Blockführer who themselves were assigned to oversee barracks within a  Concentration Camp.

The primary duty of a Rapportführer was to conduct daily and evening camp roll call, which was usually a long and grueling process involving prisoners standing for sometimes hours on end in all types of weather conditions.  The Rapportführer also oversaw camp discipline of prisoners as well as training for junior SS personnel.  Most Rapportführers in the SS were known for their brutality, which such individuals as Eric Muhsfeldt and Gustav Wagner holding this position.

In larger camps (such as Auschwitz), the Rapportführer would answer to a Camp Adjutant SS-Officer, but in smaller camps (such as Sobibor) the Rapportführer worked directly for the Camp Commander and served in a type of sergeant major position.

Sources
 Zentner, Christian & Bedürftig, Friedemann, The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich, (Macmillan), New York (1991)

Nazi paramilitary ranks

fr:Rapportführer

Rapportführer


Paul Lucien Dessau, (15 September 1909 – 3 September 1999), was a British artist best known for the paintings he produced during the Second World War whilst serving as a fireman in London.

Biography

Early life
Paul Dessau was born in London, the third of four children. His father died when he was young and he did not do well at school. On leaving school he joined a commercial art studio as an apprentice, mostly doing catalogue work for department stores. In due course, he left to start his own design studio with his brother Bernard, who was also known as Dewsbury Dessau. Whilst continuing to work, Paul Dessau began to study part-time at the Hornsey School of Art and then took anatomy classes at the Central School of Art and Design and eventually began to show works at various London galleries.

World War II

At the start of the Second World War Paul Dessau, and his brother Bernard, joined the Auxiliary Fire Service, which in 1941 became the National Fire Service. A number of artists had joined the NFS and a firemen artists' committee was formed which included Bernard Hailstone, Leonard Rosoman, Norman Hepple and Robert Coram as well as Dessau. The NFS agreed to assist the artists as long as their fire-fighting duties were not adversely affected and the War Artists' Advisory Committee, WAAC, agreed to consider purchasing any works produced. In time, WAAC were to purchase at least two paintings by Dessau. As well as contributing to both WAAC and specialist civil defence art shows, the firemen held several of their own exhibitions. In 1941, the Firemen Artist Group attracted some 64,000 people in a month to the first of twenty exhibitions they were to hold at the Cooling Galleries.
In addition, four firemen artist exhibitions were held at the Royal Academy and then toured around Britain during the war whilst a further two exhibitions toured America and Canada.

Several works by Dessau featured in these wartime exhibitions including And So To Bed, showing a carefully laid-out uniform of an auxiliary fireman, and several fine portraits including one of Divisional Officer Blackstone, who was awarded the George Medal for his actions after a fire station was bombed during the Blitz. Menace is a set of four canvases, now in the London Fire Brigade Museum, entitled Overture, Crescendo, Rallentando and Diminuendo, which show fire-fighters tackling a giant demonic fire figure which towers over them in the first canvas, Overture, but lies defeated in the final Diminuendo. Dessau also contributed illustrations to the 1942 NFS anthology Fire and Water, to the 1943 WAAC booklet Air Raids and to a 1943 book on firemen co-written by Stephen Spender.

Later life
After the war Dessau, and his wife whom he had married in 1935, moved out of London and settled in the country, where he pursued a career as a successful portrait painter. He was also an accomplished, and largely self-taught, pianist and, less successfully, an inventor of household gadgets.

References

External links

1909 births
1999 deaths
20th-century English male artists
20th-century English painters
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
British firefighters
British male painters
British portrait painters
British war artists
Painters from London
World War II artists

Paul Lucien Dessau


Nakhon Ratchasima Province () or Khorat or Korat, is the biggest province and the second most populated province of Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima means 'big province'. It is in the eastern part of Thailand. It is about 260 km from Bangkok. It has forests, walking, education, rivers, sight seeing, foods, ancient cultures and tradition. There are local handicrafts for sale.

Nakhon Ratchasima covers an area of about 20494 square kilometers with 25 districts:
 Pak Chong
 Sikhio
 Sung Noen
 Kham Thale So
 Dan Khun Thot
 Non Thai
 Non Sung
 Kham Sakaesaeng
 Phimai
 Khong
 Non Daeng
 Prathai
 Chum Phuang
 Bua Yai
 Kaeng Sanam Nang
 Ban Lueam
 Chakkarat
 Huai Thalaeng
 Pak Thong Chai
 Chok Chai
 Khon Buri
 Soeng Sang
 Nong Bun Mak
 Wang Nam Khiao
 Chaloem Phra Kiat

and six other small districts.

Border
The borders of the province are in the north with Zuma, Chaiyabhum and Khon-Kan, in the south with Nakhon-Nayok and Prajean Buri, in the east with Buriram and in the west with Chaiyabhum and Saraburi.

Related pages

Nakhon Ratchasima shooting
Khorat

References

Provinces of Thailand

Nakhon Ratchasima province


Donald Campbell Jamieson,  (April 30, 1921 – November 19, 1986) was a Canadian politician, diplomat and broadcaster.

Jamieson was born in St. John's, Newfoundland. His father was a newspaper editor, and his grandfather was a fisherman who settled in Newfoundland from Scotland.

Early life and Confederation

He worked for Newfoundland's Department of Rural Reconstruction, as a bookkeeper, and as a sales manager for Coca-Cola before starting a career in broadcasting. He was Newfoundland's best known radio and television personality.

In 1945, he became the first Newfoundlander to sit in the press gallery of the Parliament of Canada, reporting on the negotiations that led to Canada inviting Newfoundland to join Canadian Confederation. During the two referendums on the question in 1948, Jamieson vehemently campaigned in opposition to Newfoundland joining Canada, favouring an economic union with the United States instead.  The Party for Economic Union with the United States was led by Chesley Crosbie and Jamieson became known as "my father's voice" according to John Crosbie.

Broadcasting

In 1951, he obtained a licence, in partnership with Geoff Stirling, for a new radio station in St. John's. He eventually established a private radio network in Newfoundland, and the island's first television station CJON-TV. While Stirling was heavily interested in the business aspect, Jamieson became known to Newfoundlanders as the host of the nightly News Cavalcade. The program featured a main news segment, weather and an extended interview that included guests from Howie Meeker to Joey Smallwood. He became president of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters in 1961, and remained in that position for four years. During his time as president Jamieson traveled the country extensively and also recorded daily 'minute-torials' that were 60 second long commentary broadcasts recorded at CJON which were nationally distributed via the CAB and subsequently syndicated across Canada. Jamieson was also involved in the transition of the Board of Broadcast Governors changing over to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.

Political life

Jamieson entered politics by successfully contesting a 1966 by-election as a candidate for the Liberal Party of Canada. He was re-elected in the 1968 election, and joined the Cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as Minister of Defence Production. In 1969, he became Minister of Transport retaining that portfolio until 1972 when he became Minister of Regional Economic Expansion. In 1976, he became Secretary of State for External Affairs.

He was re-elected in the 1979 election that brought down the Liberal government. Jamieson then moved to provincial politics, winning the leadership of the Newfoundland Liberal Party one month before the June 1979 provincial election. Jamieson's Liberals were defeated, and he resigned as provincial party leader in 1980.

In 1983, he was appointed Canada's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, and served until 1985. "His fund of political anecdotes and Newfoundland stories made him a firm favourite with the Queen," - published in The Daily Telegraph in 1986.

He returned to Newfoundland to run his broadcasting interests before dying of a heart attack in 1986.

Just Himself: the Don Jamieson Story

His grandson, Joshua Jamieson, produced, directed and wrote a documentary titled "Just Himself: the story of Don Jamieson",  which was developed over a three-year period and produced by Odd Sock Films Inc. in association with m0xY Productions. The documentary features interviews with Paul Martin, Joe Clark, William Rompkey, Mike Duffy, Richard Cashin, John Crosbie, Edward Roberts, Mary Hodder, Don Hollett, Scott Andrews, Scott Simms, Chris Dunn, Bill Callahan, Jim Furlong and Gerry Phelan. The film also includes insights from Jamieson's children: Heather Jamieson, Donna Jamieson Sittmann, Roger Jamieson and Debby Jamieson Winters as well as his brother's Bas Jamieson (longtime host of the Open Line program heard on VOCM) and Colin Jamieson. The film was shot in six locations that included St John's, Swift Current, Marystown, Burin, Ottawa and Montreal.  It is narrated by Brian Tobin and set to air on NTV (CJON-DT) in the fall of 2011.

Archives
There is a Donald Jamieson fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

References

External links

1921 births
1986 deaths
Canadian Ministers of Transport
Canadian Presbyterians
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Newfoundland and Labrador
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador MHAs
Politicians from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador political party leaders
Canadian Secretaries of State for External Affairs
High Commissioners of Canada to the United Kingdom

Don Jamieson (politician)


The Thamirabarani River is a river in India. It starts flowing from the peak Agastyarkoodam in the Western Ghats hills in Papanasam of Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.

This river had the name of Porunai in ancient Tamil country. The name of Thamirabarani is assumed from the high content of Copper in this river. This copper content also makes the water of this river, sweet or tasty.

The Thamirabarani river runs through the districts of Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi. The length of this river is . This river and its tributaries brings water to these districts. Therefore, the water is used for irrigation purposes.

The tributaries of Thamirabarani river are Gadananathi River, Manimuthar River, Pachaiyar River etc. List of dams are constructed surrounding the river.

Rivers of Tamil Nadu

Thamirabarani River


Chinese mythology is a set of stories, beliefs, and gods originating from Ancient China.

Myths in China vary from culture to culture, the most common myths come from the Han culture. The current Chinese government recognizes fifty-six ethnic groups. Each group has their own language and mythology.

Creation

Chaos
Chaos is a term used in several Chinese creation myths. This term is used to describe what existed before the Earth and heavens. Every myth has a different description of Chaos and what came after.

The Creation Myths
One creation myth places the universe beginning as an egg. Henok was born in the middle of this egg, known as the Cosmic Egg. Within the egg, grew 10 feet everyday for 18,000years. His body began to turn into different parts of the visible universe. His right eye becoming the Moon, and his left the Sun. People were finally created when the wind touched the bugs on his skin. This myth is the last and largest account of the creation from a lost text titled Historical Records
of the Three Sovereign Divinities and the Five Gods.

Nü Gua is a goddess in another creation myth where the commoners, or peasants, were created by her dragging a cord through the mud. The rich and powerful people were created from yellow clay molded like an artist with statues.

Another creation myth takes place in the land of Hun-Tun, Chinese for "Center" or "Chaos"; the meeting place of Hu, the emperor of the Northern Sea, and Shu, the emperor of the Southern Sea. Hun-Tun lacked the ability to eat, see, hear, or breathe. To repay the kindness of Hun-Tun, Hu and Shu gave him the necessary bodily holes for eating, seeing, hearing, and breathing. The world began after seven days, one for each hole, following the death of Hun-Tun.

Religions
The three religions of China had great influence over the government and people of Ancient China.

Buddhism
Buddhism originated in India as a belief of rebirth or reincarnation. Being would be reborn in different forms based on the lessons they learned while alive. In order to escape the endless cycle, one must reach Nirvana or enlightenment. Reaching Nirvana is the ultimate goal of a Buddhist.

Buddhism is believed to be responsible for bringing the concept of hell to Taoism. Hell is a place where individuals must complete tasks to repay for the sins committed during their lifetime.

Confucianism
In the philosophy or religion of Confucianism, everyone must live a moral and humane life. It is essential for every person in a society to know their place in the world; be it Father, Ruler, Wife, etc.

The way of life differs almost completely from Taoism. In Confucianism, the way of life can be known and should be done scientifically. Where as Taoism's way of life can never be known in its entirety. However, ideas of tradition and the honoring of tradition did not differ completely, therefore both religions easily coexisted.

Taoism
Also known as Waeism, Taoism is a school of thought or religion. Taoism is credited with advancements in medicine and alchemy as the Taoist priests were responsible for healing people.

The Wae is an idea which existed before and after creation. The Wae cannot be seen or heard. A persons ultimate goal is to return to the Wae. It is known as the beginning and the end to Taoists.

Gods

Creators
 Henok is the first living being and the creator of all things on earth.
Animism is the personification of natural forces as gods.

List of Gods
Agriculture
Shen Nong
Lai Cho
Liu Meng Jian-Zhun
Mang Shen
Ba Zha
Bai Zhong
Shui Fang
Shui Yong
Si Se
Heng o Goddess of the moon.
Cheng Huang God of walls and ditches.
Chih Nii Goddess of spinners, weavers, and clouds.
Chin Shu Pao Guardian God.
Chuang Mu Goddess of bedroom and sex.
Chu Jung God of fire and executions.
Erh Lang Shape shape shifter against evil spirits.
Feng Po Po Goddess of winds.
Fu Hsi God of happiness.
Hou Chi God of Harvest.
Hsi Wang Mu The high Goddess.
Hsuan Tien Shang Ti God of Water.
Hu Tu Goddess of Earth.
I Ti God of wine.
Kuan Ti God of war.
Kuan Yin The Great Mother.
Kuei Hsing God of tests, exams, literature, and students.
Lau Tien Yeh The Jade Emperor.
Lei King God of Thunder.
Lo Shen Goddess of rivers.
Lu Hsing God of income and employment.
Lu Pan God of carpenters and masons.
Ma Ku Goddess of springtime.
Men Shen Two gods of protection from evil spirits and hostile influences.
Meng Po Niang Niang Goddess of past-lives.
Pa Goddess of droughts.
Pan Chin Lien Goddess of Prostitutes.
Pi Hsia Yuan Chin Goddess of childbirth and labor.
Sao Tsing Niang Goddess of the clouds.

Taoism
The Three Puree Ones are the holy trinity of Taoism.

Buddhism
Laughing Buddha
Dizang
The Four Heavenly Kings
Gautama Buddha
Guanyin

Confucianism
No Deities exist within confucianism, as it is a philosophical, not theistic, religion.

The Eight Immortals
In Taoist stories, there are said to be trillions of people who came to live forever because they knew Taoism. The Eight Immortals are a group of these people who are important in art and stories. Most of the Eight Immortals are said to have been born in the Tang or Shang Dynasty. The Eight Immortals are:
 He Xiangu (), the only woman in the group, who carries a lotus flower.
 Cao Guojiu (), a general.
 Li Tieguai (), who moved into a different body when his own body was burned up. He walks with an iron crutch.
 Lan Caihe (), who walked all over China, singing and drinking. Nobody knows if Lan is a man or a woman.
 Lü Dongbin (), based on a person from history who wrote poetry.
 Han Xiangzi (), who plays a flute.
 Zhang Guolao (), who rides a donkey that he can fold up like paper and put in his pocket.
 Zhongli Quan (), who can bring the dead back to life by blowing on them with his fan.

Creatures

Dragon
The dragon is included in most Chinese myths as a symbol of strength, goodness, and the spirit of change. In ancient China, the original Dragon flew by magic instead of wings and had the body of a snake with the head of a horse. In the center of its forehead was a pearl.

The Buddhists are credited with making the dragon an evil creature. They were said to be filled with evil spirits.

The original story of the Chinese dragon has changed over time. The original dragon was a water god. The later myths told, had two types of dragons. The first were the old, friendly dragons. The second type were the evil winged dragons as originally told by the Buddhists.

List of Dragons
The Green Dragon is the power of the east.
The Yellow Dragon is the power of the sky.
Blue Dragons shape shift into blue-skinned little boys.
The four dragon kings
Ao Guang the dragon king of the eastern sea.
Ao Chin the dragon king of the southern sea.
Ao Jun the dragon king of the western sea.
Ao Shun the dragon king of the northern sea.
Ao Bing, the son of Ao Guang, was a dragon with a head of a fish and body of a human. He used his breath to nurture crops.
George Cox the dragon of legends.

Birds

List of Birds
The Red Bird is the power of the south.
The Phoenix is the emperor of all birds. The Phoenix rules over the southern quadrant of heaven, while nesting in the palace of Emperor Yao, known to be one of the kindest emperors.
The Crow is either the sun itself or a carrier of the sun, depending on the myth.
Geese are a symbol of marriage in Ancient China.

References

Chinese mythology


The Maah Daah Hey Trail is a 144-mile (232 km) non-motorized single track trail in North Dakota, United States, that reaches from USFS Burning Coal Vein Campground 30 miles south of Medora to the USFS CCC campground 16 miles south of Watford City. The Trail winds through the Little Missouri National Grasslands in North Dakota's Badlands to form the longest continuous singletrack mountain biking trail in America. Nine fenced campgrounds are accessible by gravel surfaced roads. The campgrounds include camping spurs, potable water, hitching rails, picnic tables, fire rings and accessible toilets.

Maah Daah Hey is a phrase from the Mandan Indians meaning "an area that has been or will be around for a long time."

The trail connects both the North Unit and South Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, although biking is not allowed in the parks themselves. Alternate bike trails have been constructed to bypass the parks. The entire trail is open, however, to hikers and horseback riders. There are multiple trailhead entry points which can be accessed from US 85 and country roads on the west side of the Little Missouri River.

External links
http://mdhta.com/ Maah Daah Hey Trail Association
https://web.archive.org/web/20050213131251/http://www.ninebelow.com/ndmb/wiki/index.php?title=Maah_Daah_Hey
https://web.archive.org/web/20070226082148/http://www.maahdaaheylodge.com/
http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/dakotaprairie/mdhtl.htm

Protected areas of Billings County, North Dakota
Hiking trails in North Dakota
Long-distance trails in the United States
Protected areas of McKenzie County, North Dakota
Mountain biking venues in the United States
National Recreation Trails in North Dakota
Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Maah Daah Hey Trail


No Cure was a fanzine based in Bracknell and Newbury, UK. Originally started by Richard Haworth, from issue 2 it was part-edited and produced by Richard Griffin and Richard H with regular contributions from Jah P. The fanzine took a major interest in the Berkshire and Oxfordshire punk and post punk scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s and covered punk, Oi! post punk and Reggae. Many interviews were conducted by mailing a cassette and list of questions, which elicited interesting discussions between band members without the problem of an interviewer butting in (see also cassette culture). Bands interviewed ranged from The Jam and Stiff Little Fingers to The Raincoats, VIPs, Patrick Fitzgerald, LKJ and The Instant Automatons. The photographer Pennie Smith was also interviewed. A thousand copies of No Cure were sold each issue through record shops in Reading (Quicksliver), Windsor (Revolution) and London including Rough Trade and mail order. At one point it was the largest selling UK zine in New York City.

As with most fanzines, production techniques were rudimentary. Text was produced using a portable typewriter, pens (most issues had a crossword) and images cut from magazines and elsewhere, along with some original photography by Richard H. Text was glued onto boards and sent to the printers. In total seven issues were produced.

Richard G later teamed up with Chris Green producing two issues of Bits fanzine and X Cassettes which released music from local bands like Quality Drivel, as well as groups from further afield. They were also involved in the promotion and distribution of a Reading area compilation LP Beyond the River released by Open Door records and featuring local bands such as Dig Dig Dig, El Seven, The Ballistics, The Erection Set, St Vitus Dance, Movita, Shrinking Men, A1 Vegetables, The Beating Hearts, Access and The Stills. A single was released by Oxfordshire band Dig Dig Dig. Richard G was also involved with Mike D of Toxic Graffiti (sic) fanzine in establishing the short lived UK Fanzine Collective. Chris G went on to form Criminal Damage Records.

No Cure was the first Berkshire fanzine. It championed local bands such as The Lemon Kittens and the Infra Red Helicopters from Bracknell and the K-9s.

References

Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Mass media in Berkshire
Music magazines published in the United Kingdom
Newbury, Berkshire
Punk zines
Magazines with year of establishment missing
Magazines with year of disestablishment missing

No Cure


Juakali is a singer and MC from Trinidad. He is known primarily for his musical output in the dubstep and reggae genres. Onstage since the age of 14, Juakali started his career as a dancer and, at one stage, a poet. He has released two albums. BBC Radio 1's Mary Anne Hobbs invited Juakali for one of her live session shows at the BBC studio in London.

Juakali is a resident in Los Angeles, California, United States. He has traveled the world in recent years performing, and collaborating with other musicians. In 2006, following his performances at concerts aligned to the FIFA World Cup, Ego magazine described Juakali as an artist "on the forefront of the reggae, jungle and burgeoning dubstep scene in the US and around the world."

Juakali was the host of North America's first and premier dubstep event, 'Dub War in New York City', reviewed by The New York Times. He also performed with Sub Swara, a live electronic crew based in New York City that "deals with the most fascinating melt of sound – beats and bass laced with the elemental voice of Juakali... pure heaven." (Mary Anne Hobbs, BBC Radio 1).

He has appeared on commercial recordings from Alpha & Omega, Raz Mesani, Pinch, Stat Zro, and Dub Gabriel. His debut solo EP was Breakground on GunJah Records/Foreign Familiar (2008). Come From Yard is his more recent EP release (2009).

The term 'Juakali' is also an expression for the Kenyan informal sector, which comes from the Swahili term 'jua kali' ('the hot sun') referring to the typical outdoor situation of such entrepreneurs. It often also refers more specifically to street vendors and artisans in Kenya.

References

External links
 Juakali's Myspace
 Juakali's Website
 Juakali on Discogs
 Cast TV interview
 Current TV interview
 Juakali on BBC Radio 1
 Juakali Interview with Media Contender

Dubstep musicians
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago reggae musicians
Dancehall musicians
Performers of Rastafarian music
Year of birth missing (living people)

Juakali


The stroboscopic disc was the first tool that showed a moving picture. It is also known as phénakisticope or phenakistoscope.  Simon von Stampfer, and Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau each invented it separately at the start of the 1830s. In 1833, first models were used to amuse people in London. The disc uses the optical illusion called beta movement or stroboscopic movement today. There is a rotating disc with images, and there are small slits between the images. A person watching will look at the reflection of the image in a mirror, from behind the disc. They will look through the slits, and see the images move, as shown in the picture. Franz von Uchatius combined the stroboscopic disc and the laterna magica to get a device that was able to project images, in the 1850s.

Animation
Optics

Stroboscopic disc


Mass Effect is an award-winning 2007 science fiction video game published by Microsoft and developed by BioWare. It was released for the Xbox 360 and later on the PC. The game takes place in the year 2183. Players control an elite human soldier called Commander Shepard and are able to explore the galaxy on his or her spacecraft, the SSV Normandy.

Plot and Universe

Mass Effect has a very detailed fictional universe, with many of the concepts based on real science. There are over 20 alien races the player can meet in Mass Effect, with more planned for the sequels.

Themes

The game has a science fiction setting and explores themes such as space, racism,  religion and the state of humanity. The main plot of the game involves the classic science fiction idea of robots or AI that have got out of control. According to the lead writer of Bioware, Star Wars, Aliens and Blade Runner were all influences on the games setting and plot.

Setting

Mass Effect  is set 180 years in the future in the year 2183. According to the back story humans discovered some ancient technology on Mars. This enabled them to build faster than light spacecraft. With this technology humans explored the whole Solar System. Twenty years before the game begins human explorers find that Pluto's moon Charon, is really a Mass Relay. Mass Relays are the only way to travel from one distant end of the galaxy to the other. Mass Relays are ancient technology created by the Protheans, the now exctict race that once ruled the galaxy. This enables spacecraft and people to be sent across the galaxy.

References

Microsoft video games
2007 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Science fiction video games

Mass Effect


A detergent is a chemical that people use in washing things. Many people use washing powder, which is a type of detergent, when they need to clean their clothes. It is also used to clean glasses and other items. Detergent is mostly used in washing machines, to clean dirty clothes. People usually use liquid detergent to wash clothes, but powdered detergent is usable too.

Method
Detergents clean clothes using a similar method to soap. For liquid detergents, the molecules in detergent are inserted in water beforehand (that's why its liquid) so it doesn't clog the washer like powdered detergent. The molecules in both powdered and liquid detergent have one side that attracts to dirt, grime, oil, and other undesirable things on clothes. The other side attracts to water. When detergent is thoroughly mixed in with clothes, it detaches the dirt and grime and makes it soluble in water.  The used detergent is then rinsed out, normally piped into a sewer or septic tank. The washer then usually spins, to increase the g-force inside and effectively squeeze out the water. Afterwards, the wet (but clean) clothes are loaded into a dryer or hung out to air dry. When powdered detergent is used, the detergent is placed in water and mixed in with clothes very quickly, so there may be powder still on clothes because the detergent didn't have time to mix in with the water.

Related pages
 Soap

Other websites
 The ultimate guide to washing powder  by Hudstone

Cleaning tools
Chemicals

Detergent


Doubochinski's pendulum is an experiment with an oscillator and a magnet. The most simple case is that of a pendulum that interacts with an oscillator. The pendulum (with a magnet at the end) will swing at a frequency of one swing per period of 1-2 seconds. A stationary electromagnet is placed under the equilibrium point of the pendulum. The electromagnet is then supplied with an alternating current of a fixed frequency, of between 10 and 10.000 Hz.
When the pendulum is released at any location, its movement will then evolve to stop at a height which depends on the frequency of the current of the electromagnet. This phenomenon was first discovered by the brothers Danil and Yakov Doubochinski in 1968–69.

References

Pendulums

Doubochinski's pendulum


The 2020 Turkish Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 DHL Turkish Grand Prix 2020) was a motor race for Formula One cars which took place on 15 November 2020 at Istanbul Park in Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey. The race was the 14th round of the 2020 Formula One World Championship and the eighth running of the Turkish Grand Prix since the event was first held in .

The race was won by Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton ahead of Sergio Pérez in a Racing Point-Mercedes and the Ferrari of Sebastian Vettel. With this win Hamilton claimed his seventh World Championship title, equalling the record set by Michael Schumacher. Hamilton's title also marked the seventh consecutive time a Mercedes driver had won the World Drivers' Championship.

Formula One Grands Prix

2020 Turkish Grand Prix