The University of New Mexico Art Museum (sometimes referred to as the University Art Museum or UNM Art Museum) is an art museum at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The museum's permanent collection includes nearly 30,000 objects, making it the largest collection of fine art in New Mexico.

History
In the early years following the opening of the museum in 1963, significant exhibitions were held of the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, Cady Wells, Andrew Dasburg, John Marin, and other Modernists.

Van Deren Coke was the founding director of the Art Museum. Robert O. Parks was another early Art Museum director.

Georgia O'Keeffe had included the University of New Mexico and another New Mexico museum in her will of 1979, but in a codicil signed in 1984 soon before her death deleted it.  An agreement between the State of New Mexico and Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's companion and executor of the will, was made in 1986, when the state agreed to drop any challenge to the will in exchange for several O'Keeffe paintings.

Collections
The Art Museum's permanent collection includes the following collections:

Photographs and prints. This collection includes over 10,000 photographs (ranging from daguerreotypes to digital photographs) and over 17,000 prints (with a focus on lithographs). The earliest prints date to the Nuremberg Chronicle, which appeared in 1493. Many of the museum's photographs, prints, and early cased objects are housed in the museum's Beaumont Newhall Study Room.

Beaumont Newhall Collection.  The museum holds a collection of works by photographer Beaumont Newhall, who became a professor of art history at UNM in 1971. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation provided grant funding for the acquisition of several works in the collection.

Theodore J. Labhard Collection.  The museum holds 481 daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, ivorytypes, and tintypes purchased from the estate of California art collector Theodore J. Labhard. The great majority of the museum's cased images are part of the collection, which originally was part of the university's Department of Art and Art History.

Jerome Bowers Peterson Memorial Collection. The museum holds 82 photographs by Carl Van Vechten, whose work depicted many notable figures of the Harlem Renaissance from the 1930s through the 1950s. The collection came to the University of New Mexico in 1955–1956 after Edward Leuder, an English professor at UNM, published a biography of Van Vechten.

The Tamarind Archives are the archives of the Tamarind Institute (formerly the Tamarind Lithographic Workshop, Inc.), a lithography institute founded in Los Angeles in 1960 and part of the University of New Mexico since 1970. The Tamarind Institute is a division of the College of Fine Arts, while its Archives are part of the university's Center for Southwest Research at Zimmerman Library. The UNM Art Museum archives two impressions of every Tamarind edition, including both work from the early Los Angeles period and from the later Albuquerque period.

Clinton Adams Archive Collection and Clinton and Mary Adams Collections. The museum holds many works contributed by Clinton Adams, who served as dean at UNM. Adams donated impressions of all of his non-Tamarind print works in 1996, adding to his Tamarind lithograph works, which had already been added to the art museum's collection. Clinton Adams and his wife Mary Adams also donated the works of others, mainly in the area of 19th and 20th-century prints. These works were designated as the Clinton and Mary Adams Collections in 1997.

Raymond Jonson Collection. UNM art professor Raymond Jonson gave a museum a sizable collection in his bequest, including more than 1,300 of his own paintings along with several hundred other pieces by other artists, including other members of the Transcendental Painting Group of the 1930s and 1940s.

Old Master Painting, Sculpture, and Drawing. The museum originally chose to focus on 19th- and 20th-century works, especially photographs and lithographies, instead of Old Master works, many of which were prohibitively expensive or already in the collections of other institutions. However, several older works entered the collection even in the museum's early period, including a notable contribution by Jacob Polak of several pieces of Dutch and Flemish Old Master works. In the mid-1980s, the museum began efforts to acquire more Old Master works, and eventually acquired a number of older European works. The Albert A. Anella Collection in Memory of Mia Anella, donated in 1987, includes six significant Italian paintings ranging from the 16th to 18th centuries.

Nineteenth-Century Art. The museum holds a collection of 19th-century painting and sculpture from Europe and the United States.

Old Spain, New Spain, New Mexico. This museum collection includes works connected to Spain, Latin America, and New Mexico. The museum does not hold collections of art by indigenous peoples of the Americas; these are held by the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, another University of New Mexico museum. The two museums have held joint exhibitions in the past.

Taller De Grafica Popular Collection. This collection includes some 300 prints and posters of the Taller de Gráfica Popular, the Mexico City art cooperative. The items in the collection are split between the Art Museum and the Center for Southwest Research at the UNM General Library.

Mary Lester Field and Neill B. Field Collection. This collection of 94 pieces of Spanish colonial silver and 22 mainly 19th-century santos (New Mexican religious sculptures) was donated by bequest in 1939 by Albuquerque mayor Neill B. Field and his wife Mary Lester Field.

Early Modern Art. The museum's collection of art of the early modern era include examples of New Mexican Modernism as well as works by Europeans artists such as Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky, Francis Picabia, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Photographs and prints are displayed alongside paintings and sculpture.

Art Since 1950. The museum's collection of contemporary art focuses on American art, with particular emphasis upon works from California's Bay Area and Los Angeles.

References

External links
Official website

Art museums established in 1963
Art museums and galleries in New Mexico
Museums in Albuquerque, New Mexico
University museums in New Mexico
Art Museum
1963 establishments in New Mexico

University of New Mexico Art Museum


Ask and Embla () were the first humans, according to Norse mythology. They are mentioned in the Poetic Eda. It is said that three gods find Ask and Embla and gave them various corporeal and spiritual gifts. Odin gave soul, Lodur gave feelings and Henir gave mind.

Askr means ash tree. The meaning of Embla is uncertain.

Related pages
 Adam and Eve

Norse mythology

Ask and Embla


Ketoprak is an Indonesian vegetarian dish from Jakarta, consisting of tofu, vegetables, rice cake, and rice vermicelli served in peanut sauce.

Etymology and origin
The etymology of the name ketoprak is unknown, and its name similarity to the Javanese folk-drama is peculiar. However, according to popular Betawi tradition, ketoprak was actually derived from the acronym of ketupat tahu digeprak, to refer its ingredients; which are ket from ketupat, to from tahu and toge, and prak from digeprak (Betawi for: "mashed" or "crushed"), which describes the method on grounding garlic, chili pepper and peanut granules together to create the peanut sauce. It is also believed that a man who loved eating invented the dish because he grew tiresome of the food he had normally eaten. When he dropped the dish on to the floor, the plate made the sound "ketuprak", which is where he got the idea for the name.

In addition to its unique name, ketoprak is also unique in that all the street vendors use the same design for their carts. The vendors arrange and use all their tools in the same manner. A ketoprak wagon always has a stainless pan, a frying pan at the end of the cart, a used biscuit can for crackers, and a wooden pestle and mortar.

Today, ketoprak is often associated with Jakarta as the dish is more easily available in this city compared to others. However, there is a debate on whether or not it actually originated in Jakarta. Some has claimed that the dish was first made in Cirebon, while others say that it comes from Central Java. As of 2018, no one has discovered where the dish actually originated from. In Jakarta, majority of ketoprak street vendors hailed from the Western Javanese city of Cirebon. In Cirebon, an area famous for its ketoprak is in Pasuketan area. Ketoprak might be derived from a popular Javanese-Sundanese dish kupat tahu (tofu and ketupat), with addition of bihun (rice vermicelli), beansprouts, cucumber and sweet soy sauce.

Ingredients

Ketoprak consists of sliced fried tofu, steamed rice cake (lontong or ketupat), sliced cabbage and cucumber, bihun (thin rice vermicelli), bean sprouts, served in peanut sauce, topped with krupuk and fried shallots. The fried tofu can be considered as the centerpiece of the dish, since it is freshly fried directly after customer placed their order, to ensure its freshness and hotness.

The peanut sauce is made from ground peanut and palm sugar made into a thick paste, mixed with garlic, chili pepper, salt and also kecap manis (sweet soy sauce).

Serving

Ketoprak is a typical street food. It was originally popular around the Jakarta area but has spread throughout Java. The seller prepares the ingredients at home and mixes them in front of the customers as they place their orders. It is sold in individual portions from small stalls or carts along the street. The cook usually asks the customer their preference on the degree of spiciness: mild, medium, hot or extra hot. The spiciness corresponds to the amount of chili used. The price range is about IDR 8.000 to 15.000 according to outlets and ingredients included. Sometimes, hard boiled egg might be added.

Similar dishes
Ketoprak is nearly similar to kupat tahu, lotek and karedok from West Java, gado-gado from Jakarta and also pecel from Central Java, although the ingredients in the peanut sauces are slightly different. Gado-gado and karedok use only brown sugar for sweetening, but in ketoprak sweet soy sauce is used for additional sweetener, and ground garlic is added. There is also a similar dish from neighboring Singapore called Satay bee hoon.

See also

 Gado-gado

References

Culture of Jakarta
Betawi cuisine
Vegetarian dishes of Indonesia
Vegetable dishes of Indonesia
Vegetarian dishes of Singapore
Vegetable dishes of Singapore
Street food in Indonesia

Ketoprak (dish)


Kandahari Begum (also spelled Qandahari Begum; 1593 – ?; also known as Kandahari Mahal; Persian, ; meaning "Lady from Kandahar") was the first wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and the mother of his first child, Princess Parhez Banu Begum.

Family and early life
Kandahari Begum was born a princess of the prominent Safavid dynasty, the ruling dynasty of Iran (Persia) and one of its most significant ruling dynasties. She was the daughter of decreased Persian dignity from the northern mountains at Kandahar, Sultan Muzaffar Husain Mirza Safavi, of the royal house of Persia, who was the son of Sultan Husain Mirza, the son of Bahram Mirza, the son of Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty. He was the ancestor of Shah Abbas I and also cousin to the Persian ruler.

Mirza Muzzaffar having some problems with the Safavid ruling authorities and perceiving the Uzbek pressure to capture Kandahar was forced to capitulate on terms to surrender it to the Mughals. Therefore, as Akbar who was keenly waiting for any chance to capture Kandahar, immediately sent Shah Beg Khan Arghun, Governor of Bangash, to take prompt possession of Kandahar, and though, as in all his undertakings, Muzaffar wavered at the last moment and had recourse to trickery, he was obliged by the firm and prudent behavior of Shah Beg Khan. In this way Kandahari Begum had to leave her native place to visit India in the company of her father and came to India during Akbar's reign near about in the end of 1595 when her father and her four brothers, Bahram Mirza, Haider Mirza, Alqas Mirza and Tahmasp Mirza and 1000 qazilbash soldiers arrived in India. Muzaffar Khan received from Akbar the title of Farzand (son), and was made a Commander of five thousand, and received Sambhal as Jagir (property), "which is worth more than all Kandahar."

Mirza Muzaffar Husain had exchanged the lordship of Kandahar for a high rank and splendid salary in the service of Emperor Akbar. His younger brother Mirza Rustam, also immigrated to India in Akbar's reign and rose to eminence under Jahangir. The Mughal Emperors made the most of this opportunity of ennobling their blood by alliance with the royal family of Persia even through a younger branch. Muzaffar found everything in India bad, and sometimes resolved to go to Persia, and sometimes to Makkah. From grief and disappointment, and a bodily hurt, he died in 1603. His mausoleum (now a domeless crumbled down stone and brick structure with an underground burial chamber with Persian Nastaleeq calligraphed epitaph on the door facing South,) lies amidst other ruins in a garden complex that now is the campsite of the Bharat Scouts & Guides Delhi Jamboree, north of Humayun's Tomb at Delhi.

Marriage to Shah Jahan

Betrothal
When Jahangir to reconsider the Persian question at the end of 1609, pragmatism as always came to the fore. It would be madness to antagonize such a powerful personality, not least because a declaration of open hostilities between Agra and Isfahan would likely prompt Shah Abbas I to send arms, men and money to his Shiite allies in the three Deccan kingdoms. That would doom the campaign led by his second son, Sultan Pervez Mirza. Persia's duplicity over Kandahar, then, had to be set aside and relations smoothed. As always, a politically expedient marriage would provide the answer, and with his eldest son, Khusrau Mirza, in prison and Pervez already bound for Burhanpur and the southern front, his third son, Sultan Khurram, was the logical choice. The decision to shape this purely strategic alliance came as mixed news to the young man. On the one hand, he had been denied the consummation of his long standing betrothal to Arjumand Banu Begum later known as Mumtaz Mahal; set against that was the renewal of his central position on his father's attentions and in the politics of the moment.

And so it was that eighteen-year-old Khurram was compelled to make his first marriage to a young Persian maiden. Subsequent Mughal court recorders and biographers, however, merely accord the princess the blandly descriptive label Qandahari Mahal, a clear indication of her lesser status at the court. The process of arranging the marriage appears to have taken some time. The Emperor Jahangir recorded two related entries in his memoirs, nearly a year apart. The first appeared as just one item of business in a typically humdrum account of the day's court transactions, regional promotions, salary checks and other miscellaneous imperial housekeeping chores. On Sunday, 12 December 1609, Jahangir sent fifty thousand rupees as a wedding pledge to Kandahari Begum's house. Jahangir writes in his Tuzuk that "previously to this I had the daughter of Mirza Muzaffar Husain, son of Sultan Husain Mirza Safavi, ruler of Qandahar, betrothed to my son Sultan Khurram, and on this the marriage meeting had been arranged, I went to the house of Baba Khurram and passed the night there."

Marriage
Kandahari Begum married Prince Khurram on 8 November 1610 in Agra. There were several family connections between their two families. Khurram's official biographer, Muhammad Amin Qazvini, was far more eloquent in his description of the marriage. Indeed, effusive compliments were the order of the day and his delirious account left no superlative unexplored. The festive assemble was arranged in a beautifully appointed mansion that was traditionally assigned to the widow mother of the ruling emperor and located inside the thick walls of Agra Fort adjacent to the palatial State House. The astrologers duly consulted the marriage at an auspicious hour.

On 21 August 1611, she gave birth to the couple's first child, a daughter, who was named "Parhez Banu Begum" by her grandfather, Emperor Jahangir. However, in the Maasir-i-Alamgiri, she is referred to as Purhunar Banu Begum. She was the eldest child of her father, but the only child of her mother.

Burial place
She lies buried at Agra, in the center of the expansive garden at Agra founder by her ( 1628 - 50), called Kandahari Bagh. She also had a mosque built, which was three arched, single dome mosque on the western side of the Kandahari Bagh at Agra. It served a quarry of bricks for constructing modern day buildings in the complex, and is no longer extant. The building over her tomb was largely destroyed during the period of anarchy which followed Aurangzeb's death in 1707. The building, which is in the vault is converted into a dwelling place. Her tomb does not exist any more, just the compound it was situated in does, along with one of the entrance gates, a portion of the wall and a couple of the wall's corner cupolas. The British East India Company sold it to the Raja of Bharatpur who raised some modern buildings in it. The compound became property of the Bharatpur rulers at some point in the colonial era, and a mansion was built in place of the central tomb. Thence it became famous as "Bharatpur House". A gate and a few corner chhatris of the original garden have survived.

In popular culture
Kandahari Begum is a main character in Sonja Chandrachud's historical novel Trouble at the Taj (2011).
Kandahari Begum is a principal character in Ruchir Gupta's historical novel Mistress of the Throne (2014).
Negar Khan portrayed Kandahari Begum in the 2005 Bollywood film Taj Mahal: An Eternal Love Story.

References

Bibliography

Safavid princesses
1593 births
Year of death unknown
Indian female royalty
Mughal nobility
Queens consort of India
People from Kandahar
Indian people of Iranian descent
Royal consorts
Women from the Mughal Empire
17th-century Indian women
17th-century Indian people
17th-century Iranian women
Wives of Shah Jahan

Kandahari Begum


Una familia con suerte (A Fortunate Family) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa in 2011. It is based on the Argentinean telenovela Los Roldán. Arath De La Torre, Mayrín Villanueva and Luz Elena González star as the main protagonists. while Sergio Sendel, Daniela Castro, Cecilia Galliano, María Rubio, Enrique Rocha and Patricia Reyes Spíndola stars as the main antagonists. Una familia con suerte won 4 awards in Premios TVyNovelas: Best young lead actor, best male & female revelation, and best musical theme.

Plot
Una Familia Con Suerte is a soap opera about Pancho López (Arath de la Torre) and his family. Avon subsidiary president Fernanda Peñaloza (Alicia Rodríguez) discovers that she has cancer and decides to commit suicide. She is about to jump off of a bridge when Pancho López (Arath de la Torre), a public market vendor, happens upon her and attempts to dissuade her. He manages to convince her that life is worth fighting for and she comes back to the safety of his delivery truck, "La Burra".

Pancho López is a humble low income man with strong characteristics.  He's  a generous  widowed family man, always lending a hand. Although he has intuitive business sense, he believes that money is the root of all evil.

Fernanda is introduced to Pancho López's four children: Lupita (Alejandra García), his favorite daughter, who inherited her father's love and compassion for other people. Ana (Sherlyn) is musically inclined and is the tomboy of the family. Temo (Daniel Arévalo) is the baby. Laura Torres de López (Ana Bárbara), Pancho's wife, dies giving birth to Temo who is brought-up by Chela (Luz Elena González), Pancho's sister-in-law; she becomes the mother figure after her sister's death. Chela has had a crush on Pancho before he married her sister.

Pepe López (Pablo Lyle), Pancho's eldest son, is a very courageous and adventurous young man.  He is the apprentice to a mechanical engineer and has a passion for driving. He is able to transcend class barriers, communicating with all people with ease. Pepe meets and becomes interested in a rich young girl, Mónica Rinaldi (Violeta Isfel). However, she is engaged and Pepe must compete with her fiancé Freddy Irabién (Juan Diego Covarrubias) in the professional and personal spheres  for Mónica's love.

Candelaria «Candela» López (Alicia Machado) is Pancho's sister. She is stunning and has a large amount of followers due to her beauty.

Pancho López and his family come up against financial difficulties: he has pledged his house as collateral for a loan that he ends up finding impossible to repay.

Enzo Rinaldi (Pedro Moreno) plots to throw the López and their friends away. Humiliated by his inability to provide for his family's well-being, Pancho has no option but to accept Fernanda Peñaloza's offer to take the post as president of her cosmetic company.

Fernanda also invites the López family to move into her mansion since she highly appreciates Pancho's honesty and reliability. The López family accepts this offer reluctantly, and in their new neighborhood they meet the Irabién family consisting of three members: Vicente, Pina (Daniela Castro) and Freddy (Juan Diego Covarrubias). Fernanda finds Pancho worthy of a better life unlike her nephew Vicente Irabién (Sergio Sendel). Vicente merely bides his time waiting for the death of his aunt and the inheritance that would come with it.  The dramatic change of scenery for the López family results in many humorous situations arising from the clashing of cultures between the rich and the poor.

The attractive and clever Rebeca Treviño (Mayrín Villanueva) takes Pancho under her wing and helps him acclimate to the challenges of the business world. She helps him bridge socio-economic divides, teaching him the etiquette demanded from his new position and how to make decisions in the financial sphere. She becomes Chela's competitor for Pancho's attention.

Pina, Vicente's wife, is a hypochondriac. Neither her husband nor her son takes care of her or pays attention to her. She is the host of her own radio show, «Pina Opina»  (Pina's Opinion), where she is an able to find an outlet for her discontent. She has a small dog that she keeps with her at all times named Abeja (Bee). At one point, Popeye, the López family's dog seduces this pampered dog and this becomes another point of contention between the two families.

In turn, Vicente takes a great interest in Candela and the couple engage in a dramatic love affair and end up getting married.

The two families experience amusing situations when Ana, who disdains flippancy, falls in love with the irreverent Freddy. Pina becomes infatuated with Sebastian who saved her life. Fernanda later discovers that Pancho is actually the long-lost son she was forced to give up for adoption.

Cast

Starring
 Daniela Castro as Josefina "Pina" Arteaga de Irabien / de Bravo
 Sergio Sendel as Vicente "Iracheta" Irabien Peñaloza
 Arath de la Torre as Francisco "Pancho" López Peñaloza
 Luz Elena González as Graciela "Chela" Torres de Rinaldi
 Mayrin Villanueva as Rebeca Treviño de Lopez
 Alicia Rodríguez as Fernanda Peñaloza

Also starring
 Julio Bracho as Arnoldo
 Alicia Machado as Candelaria "Candy" López de Irabien
 Sherlyn as Ana López Torrés de Irabien
 Violeta Isfel as Monica Rinaldi de Lopez
 Pedro Moreno as Enzo Rinaldi
 Jorge Van Rankin as Nico
 Claudia Godínez as Elena Campos
 Moisés Suárez as Lamberto
 Maria Riquelme as Sandra
 Lucas Velázquez as Alejandro "Alex" Obregón
 Osvaldo de León as Tomás Campos
 Francisco Vázquez as Chacho
 Elena Guerrero as Adoración
 Haydée Navarra as Gregoria
 Alejandra García as Guadalupe López Torrés de Obregon / de Campos
 Mariluz Bermúdez as Karina
 Pablo Lyle as Pepe López Torrés
 Juan Diego Covarrubias as Alfredo Irabien Arteaga
 Noemí Gutiérrez as Celeste
 Ingrid Marie Rivera as Bárbara Palacios

Recurring
 Roberto Palazuelos Mike Anderson
 Cecilia Galliano as Violeta Ruíz Carballo
 David Ostrosky as Ernesto Queso
 Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Carlota
 Jesus More as adrian

Special guest stars
 Ana Bárbara as Laura Torrés de López
 Maribel Guardia as Isabella Ruiz
 Jorge Aravena as Sebastián Bravo
 Laura Flores as Yuyú Arteaga
 María Rubio as Inés de la Borbolla y Ruiz
 Silvia Pinal as Herself
 Alejandra Guzmán as Herself
 Pablo Montero as Himself
 Patricia Navidad as Mimí de la Rose

Awards

TVyNovelas Awards 2012

References

2011 telenovelas
2011 Mexican television series debuts
2012 Mexican television series endings
Televisa telenovelas
Mexican television series based on Argentine television series
Spanish-language telenovelas

Una familia con suerte


James Paul "Jimbo" Covert (born March 22, 1960) is an American former football offensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons with the Chicago Bears. He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers, where he was recognized as an All-American. He was selected in the first round of the 1983 NFL Draft.

Early years

Covert was born in Conway, Pennsylvania.  He excelled in both football and wrestling at Freedom Area High School in Beaver County, west of Pittsburgh. In football, Covert led the 1977 Freedom Bulldogs, with an undefeated 11–0 record, to the Midwestern Athletic Conference (MAC) Championship as a senior. Although the Bulldogs eventually lost to Laurel High School in the second round of the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (WPIAL) playoffs, Covert earned UPI First-team All-State honors and became a highly recruited player.

College career

Covert arrived as a freshman at Pitt in 1978. He began his collegiate career on the defensive line and played in every game as a freshman, especially in goal-line or short-yardage situations. A shoulder injury sidelined him for the 1979 season and he was redshirted. At the urging of offensive line coach Joe Moore, he switched to offensive tackle in the spring of 1980. It was a decision that would lead Covert to both the College Football and Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Covert was a starter on Pitt's offensive front his final three seasons, surrendering just three sacks during that span. As a consensus All-American his senior year, he did not give up a single sack. "Jimbo is so good, it's like watching a clinic film," Moore said. "After a play, I'm never surprised to turn and see Jimbo and his man 10 or 15 yards downfield."

Pitt went 31-5 during Covert's three years as a starter, finishing in the nation's Top 10 each season. The 1980 and 1981 teams each went 11-1 and finished as high as No. 2 in the national polls.  In 1980, Covert played for an elite Pitt team that included future NFL stars Russ Grimm and Mark May as teammates on the offensive line, along with future Hall of Fame quarterback Dan Marino.  "There were games when my uniform never got dirty," recalled Marino. "There were games when I never hit the ground. That's incredible."

His junior year, Covert was named a first-team All-American by Football News and the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA). As a senior, he earned consensus status by being named an All-American by no fewer than six different national selectors. Following his final Pitt season, he played in the Hula Bowl and Senior Bowl all-star games.

Covert would ultimately be named to the University of Pittsburgh's All-Time Football Team and he was enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003. His #75 jersey was retired by Pitt in 2015.

NFL career

Covert was chosen in the first round of the 1983 NFL Draft (sixth overall) by the Chicago Bears and head coach Mike Ditka, himself a former Pitt All-American from Western Pennsylvania. "Jimbo's the guy we wanted. From Day 1, we put him at left tackle and moved on," Ditka said. "You don't get too many people who come along who can make that impact. He had the respect of all his teammates and all his coaches." He became the starter at the left tackle position and was named to the UPI's 1983 NFL All-Rookie team.

Although the Bears were 22nd in total offense in 1982, the team steadily improved with Covert as a starter over the next few season peaking at second in the league in 1985. In addition, the team went from 18th in rushing in 1982 to lead the league for four consecutive seasons from 1983 to 1986. The Bears also finished second in rushing twice, 1989 and 1990, and third once, 1988, during Covert's career.

In Covert's second year in the league, he was elected by his teammates to be one of the Bears' captains. That year, he was named All-Pro by Sports Illustrated and was ranked by many as one of the best tackles in professional football. In Covert's third year, he was named consensus All-Pro, made first-team All-NFL, was selected to the Pro Bowl, and was named 1985 National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) NFC Offensive Lineman of the Year. The 1985 Chicago Bears also won Super Bowl XX.

During Covert's career, he was named to an All-Pro team three straight years (1985–1987), a first- or second-team All-NFC selection four times (1985–1987, 1990), and a first- or second-team All-NFL selection three times. Covert was a consensus All-NFL and All-Pro pick in 1985 and 1986. He was selected to two Pro Bowls, in 1985 and 1986. In 1985 he was selected as the NFC's offensive lineman of the year and in 1986 he was selected as the Miller Lite NFL Offensive Lineman of the Year.

The Bears and New York Giants were perennial Super Bowl contenders in the NFC during the 1980s. Three times Covert squared off against the Giants and their Hall of Fame pass rusher Lawrence Taylor, and all three times Covert held Taylor without a sack.

In 1990, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Board of Selectors selected Covert to the NFL All-Decade Team. With Covert on the team, the Bears won six NFL Central Division titles and played in three NFC Championship games, along with the Super Bowl win.

Covert's last season was 1990. In 1991, he was placed on injured reserve for the entire season following back surgery, and he retired from the NFL in March 1992.

Other media
In 1986, Covert appeared in a 20-man battle royal at WrestleMania 2 along with other NFL stars.

Life after football

Covert's career after retiring from the NFL has been focused on healthcare sales, marketing, and acquisition initiatives.

His healthcare career began at Baxter International in their Physical Therapy Division, where he served as Director of Sales and Development. In November 1992, Baxter spun out the alternate site business called Caremark into an independent publicly traded company, and Covert served as Vice President of Development for Caremark Physical Therapy from 1992 to 1995. Covert expanded Caremark's Physical Therapy presence from 50 to 127 sites in 14 states increasing revenue to more than $120 million.

Caremark Physical Therapy was acquired by HealthSouth Corporation in 1995. Covert was Senior Vice President of Development for Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corporation from 1995 to 1998. In that position, he was responsible for the merger and acquisition effort as well as all sales and marketing-related initiatives. Covert led the growth effort for the Physical Therapy Division as they rapidly grew from 20 to more than 200 sites in a 16-month time frame. Horizon/CMS was ultimately sold to HealthSouth in February 1997.

In 2000, Covert started Keystone Strategies, LLC, a healthcare consulting group focused on assisting emerging healthcare companies with their sales and marketing strategies.  In June 2004, Covert joined the turnaround team at HealthSouth Corporation at its corporate headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama. As Senior Vice President of Sales, Marketing, and Development, Covert had responsibility for all sales, marketing, public relations, sports sponsorship, sports medicine, and acquisition initiatives for the outpatient therapy division.  HealthSouth's Outpatient Division was acquired by Select Medical Corporation in April 2007.

In May 2007, Covert was named president and chief executive officer of The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, one of the nation's foremost non-profit organizations specializing in transfusion medicine and related services, and the leader in transfusion medicine in both the Pittsburgh and Chicago regions. Its two blood centers, Central Blood Bank in Pittsburgh and LifeSource in Chicago, provide nearly a million units of lifesaving blood products annually. ITxM Diagnostics is a leading source of therapeutic and coagulation reference testing services while ITxM Clinical Services focuses on the pre-transfusion testing and delivery of vital blood products to patients. In 2018, Central Blood Bank and LifeSource were both renamed to Vitalant.

Covert was inducted into the Beaver County Sports Hall of Fame in 1996, the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003, the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 2004, the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League Hall of Fame in 2009, the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. He had been nominated for the Pro Football Hall of Fame on numerous occasions. On January 15, 2020, Covert was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame Centennial Class of 2020.

Personal life
Covert's wife Penny is a former cheerleader for the University of Pittsburgh. The couple have three children.

See also

References

External links
Jimbo Covert Pitt Hall of Fame tribute video

1960 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football offensive tackles
Chicago Bears players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Brian Piccolo Award winners

Jim Covert


Tarzan and the Lion Man is a novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the seventeenth in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine Liberty from November 1933 through January 1934.

It satirizes Hollywood's treatment of the Tarzan character and even spoofs Burroughs' own work. It was written at a time when Johnny Weissmuller was becoming a movie star by playing Tarzan as an illiterate character, to Burroughs' open displeasure.

Plot summary
Tarzan and his lion companion Jad-bal-ja discover a mad scientist with a city of talking gorillas. To create additional havoc, a Hollywood film crew sets out to shoot a Tarzan movie in Africa and brings along an actor who is an exact double of the apeman, but is his opposite in courage and determination.

Later, as John Clayton, Tarzan visits Hollywood to find himself in a screen test for a role in a Tarzan movie. He is deemed unsuitable for the lead role because he is "not the type."

Comic adaptations
The book has been adapted into comic form by Gold Key Comics in Tarzan no. 206, dated February 1972, with a script by Gaylord DuBois and art by Paul Norris, and  later by DC Comics in Tarzan nos. 231-234, dated July 1974-January 1975, adapted by Joe Kubert.

Sources

External links

 ERBzine.com Illustrated Bibliography entry for Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan and the Lion Man
Edgar Rice Burroughs Summary Project page for Tarzan and the Lion Man
Text of the novel at Project Gutenberg Australia

1934 American novels
1934 fantasy novels
Novels about lions
Novels first published in serial form
Tarzan novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs
Works originally published in Liberty (general interest magazine)

Tarzan and the Lion Man


Minor League Baseball is a level of professional baseball in North America. It is made up a many different teams which play in many leagues and levels of skill. Minor league teams are used by Major League Baseball (MLB) teams to have a place to put their players who they do not feel are skilled enough to play in the major leagues yet. They are also used to help injured major league players get ready to play in MLB again. These partnerships between major and minor league teams are called affiliations. Minor league teams generally play in cities that are too small for major league teams. City size usually increases with league level.

There are five different classifications (skill levels) in the minor leagues, these classes are (in order from lowest to highest):
 Complex League (or Rookie League)
 Single-A
 High-A
 Double-A (or AA)
 Triple-A (or AAA)

When a normal player is first drafted or signed by an MLB team, he is usually placed on a Complex League team, however more advanced players may start higher. If a player plays good in his league, he can be promoted or "called up" to the next league. If a player does not play well, he may be sent back down or removed from the team. This continues until a player gets to the major leagues, although most players never make it that far. This way, players are able to get better at baseball before having to play against tougher opponents. Almost all players in MLB had to play in the minor leagues first to become good enough to play in the major leagues. Most players spend four to five years in the minors before making it to MLB. However, skilled players can be called up earlier, while some may take more than 10 years to reach the majors.

Sometimes, major league players who are have been hurt will play a few games in the minor leagues before playing in the major leagues again, in order to see if they feel healthy enough to start playing again.

There are other professional baseball leagues that are not affiliated with major league teams. These are known as "Independent Leagues". In these leagues, players do not go to higher or lower levels of ability. Players on these teams are usually those not drafted by an MLB team. They may also be players who played in major or minor leagues and are trying to get back. Major league teams may hire these independent players to play for their teams.

References

Other websites
Minor League Baseball's official website

Baseball

Minor League Baseball


Turning or technical turning, is a kind of machining.

When we turn, we cut away material such as metal, wood or plastic, with a sharp tool, while the workpiece turns around itself. This allows us to cut little by little around the piece of work, in a smooth way. Then the piece of work will be shaped as symmetrically as possible.

To cut in soft material such as wood; we can keep cutting tools by hand. While to cut in hard material like Iron, we need mechanical toolholders.

As one sees in other image where the cutting tool moves along or across the axis of rotation, mechanically.

The material that is cut away, or what we can call cutting, is similar to chips. Therefore, it can also be called chips. There is a lot one can know about how well the work is done by looking at the chips.

References

technology

Turning


Dai Jitao or Tai Chi-t'ao (; January 6, 1891 – February 21, 1949) was a Chinese journalist, an early Kuomintang member, and the first head of the Examination Yuan of the Republic of China. He is often referred to as Dai Chuanxian () or by his other courtesy name, Dai Xuantang ().

Early life and education

Dai was born Dai Liangbi () in Guanghan, Sichuan to a family of potters. He went to Japan in 1905 to study in a normal school and entered Nihon University's law program in 1907. He graduated and returned to China in 1909.

Writings

Dai started to write for the Shanghaiese China Foreign Daily (中外日報) and Tianduo Newspaper (天鐸報) at 19.  At this time, his sobriquet for himself was Dai Tianchou (天仇), or Heaven-Revenge Dai, to signify his dissatisfaction for the Qing Empire. The Qing officials threatened him with imprisonment for his writings, so in 1911 he fled to Japan, and then to Penang, where he joined Tongmenghui and wrote for its Guanghua Newspaper (光華報). Later that year, he returned to Shanghai after the Wuchang Uprising and founded the Democracy Newspaper (民權報).

Political career

Dai's fluency in Japanese, unusual for a Chinese young man, attracted the attention of Sun Yat-sen. He became Sun's translator and then his confidential secretary. After the Kuomintang failed to overthrow Yuan Shikai, he went to Tokyo to join the Chinese Revolutionary Party in 1914.

He attended the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in 1924, where he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee, then later a member of the Standing Committee, and the Minister of Propaganda. Soon after Sun's death in 1925, he published a controversial book that reinterpreted Sun's legacy. He claimed Sun derived his ideology chiefly from Confucianism instead of Western philosophies and that Sun was a traditionalist. This was praised by the KMT's right-wing but condemned by leftists and communists. After the right's triumph, Dai's interpretation became the dominant one within the KMT. In 1926, he served as principal of the Sun Yat-sen University, and the chief of politics at Whampoa Academy, with Zhou Enlai as his deputy. From 1928 until 1948, he served as head of the Examination Yuan.

From October 1928 to June 1948, his official positions consisted of:
State Councillor (國民政府國府委員)
Director-General of Sun Yat-sen University (中山大學委員長)
Member of Kuomintang Central Executive Committee (中央執行委員會委員): 1924
Member of Standing Committee (常務委員): 1924
Minister of Information (宣傳部長): 1924
Chief of the Embassy (國使館館長): unable to attend due to illness

Dai was one of the lyricists of "National Anthem of the Republic of China". He also wrote:
The Fundamentals of the Principles of Sun Yat-sen (孫文主義之哲學基礎)
The People's Revolution and Kuomintang (國民革命與中國國民黨)
The Complete Book of Sun Yat-sen (孫中山全書)
National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China (中華民國國旗歌)

Later years and death

After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, Dai changed his name to Chuanxian, Continuing-Virtue. He jumped into a river and was rescued by a fisherman. After this suicide experience, he converted to Buddhism and was accused by many of being superstitious. His works about Buddhism are published in The Collection of Mr. Dai Jitao's Discussions on Buddhism (戴季陶先生佛學論集). He was widely known to be the birth father of Chiang Wei-kuo, the adoptive second son of Chiang Kai-shek. According to popular speculation, Dai believed knowledge of his extramarital affairs with the Japanese woman Shigematsu Kaneko would destroy his marriage and his career, so he entrusted Wei-kuo to Chiang Kai-shek, after the Japanese  brought the infant to Shanghai. Yao Yecheng (姚冶誠), Chiang's wife at the time, raised Wei-kuo as her own. The boy called Dai his "Dear Uncle" (親伯). Dai had also fathered a son, Anguo (安國), whom Dai later sent to Germany, to be educated at the Technical University of Berlin. Anguo (Ango) and Chiang Wei-kuo (Wego) were half brothers.

In 1949, with the Kuomintang losing the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party, Dai committed suicide by swallowing over 70 sleeping pills in Guangzhou.

Further reading
 Lu, Yan; Re-Understanding Japan (University of Hawaii Press, 2004) is an English-language study of Dai Jitao and three other Chinese intellectuals, in context of their contributions to  20th-century Sino-Japanese relations.

1891 births
1949 suicides
Drug-related suicides in China
Chiang Kai-shek family
People from Guanghan
Secretaries to Sun Yat-sen
Republic of China politicians from Sichuan
Chinese anti-communists
Chinese politicians who committed suicide
Suicides in the Republic of China
Nihon University alumni
Presidents of the Examination Yuan
Converts to Buddhism
Republic of China Buddhists
Presidents of Sun Yat-sen University
20th-century Chinese politicians
Politicians from Deyang
Educators from Sichuan
1949 deaths

Dai Jitao


Charles Chilton Moore (December 20, 1837 – February 7, 1906) was an American atheist, and the editor of the Blue Grass Blade, one of the United States' first newspapers promoting atheism. Due to his criticisms of religion, he was dubbed Kentucky's Most Hated Man.

Early life

Moore's grandfather was the 19th century religious reformer Barton W. Stone. Moore became a preacher, in his grandfather's tradition, but came to doubt the Bible and its teachings.  He left the church, passing through deism and agnosticism before becoming an atheist.  He founded the Blue Grass Blade in 1884 in Lexington, Kentucky.  Due to financial and legal problems, he was only able to publish it sporadically.  The journal contained articles advocating such positions as agnosticism, women's suffrage, and prohibition.

Atheist activism
Moore spent time in prison for his outspoken opposition to religion and the Bible.  In February 1899, he was indicted for mailing obscene literature through the mail - a federal crime.  The obscene literature in question was a discussion about free love that Moore had engaged in with a local judge in the pages of the Blade, but merely printing such a taboo conversation was enough to get him into a courthouse and set another historical precedent for the First Amendment.  Moore, not wanting to burden his family financially, decided to defend himself in court.  He would come to regret his decision when the district attorney managed to direct the jury's attention from Moore's mailing of lewd content to his atheism and the many articles of blasphemy in his newspaper.  Moore's hopelessness was evident when he tried to convince a jury of twelve Christians that he, an atheist, was innocent.  Though he was indicted for mailing obscene literature, it was his blasphemy that led the jury to deliberate for five minutes before returning with a guilty verdict. The next morning, the judge heeded Moore's plea to not impose a monetary penalty and instead sentenced him to two years in the Ohio State Penitentiary. Before Moore's friends at the Ohio Liberal Society could file his appeal, he was whisked away to the penitentiary.  The Ohio Liberal Society and an African-American newspaper, The Lexington Standard, edited by R. C. O. Benjamin, fought for Moore's release. There is no indication which group managed to be successful in their efforts, but Ohio's former governor, President William McKinley, ended up commuting Moore's sentence to six months, with one month off for good behavior.  Moore was released from prison in July 1899. His autobiography, mostly written in prison, is called Behind the Bars; 31498.

Illness and death

Moore died at his homestead, Quaker Acre, just outside Lexington, on February 7, 1906, after a long illness.  News accounts declared that thousands attended his funeral.  Orations were given by J.B. Wilson of Cincinnati, President of the National Liberal Party, noted suffragist Josephine K. Henry, and close friend Moses Kaufman.  Rumors of a deathbed conversion made a few newspapers, but many quoted his wife as saying that Moore had died as he had lived.  His publisher, James Edward Hughes, ensured the Blue Grass Blade survived him and in January 1908 it became a 16-page magazine featuring portraits and photographs of prominent and local freethinkers, scientists, and skeptics on the cover until budget constraints forced it to revert to text in May 1909.  The following December, more money woes led the Blade to degrade to its original 4-page format.  The last known issue of Blue Grass Blade was published on August 21, 1910.

Moore is buried in Lexington, Kentucky. His epitaph reads: "Write me as one who loves his fellow man."

Legacy
Moore's legacy is that of a father of American atheism.  His Blue Grass Blade was widely circulated, gaining him notoriety among the religious and non-religious alike.  He helped to promote arguments against much that is contained in the Bible, for example, geological evidence that Earth existed far before the date of October 23, 4004 BC, calculated by James Ussher from the Old Testament.  His legal trials helped establish precedents in free speech law, as it relates to religious dissent.

In 1984, 100 years following the first publication of the Blue Grass Blade, Madalyn Murray O'Hair and other atheist activists planted a "Devil's Hosta" lily which still sits on Moore's headstone to this day. O'Hair's organization, American Atheists, later republished his book The Rational View and his autobiography Behind the Bars, in 1984 and 1990 respectively.

Books written by Moore

 The Rational View
 Behind the Bars; 31498 (1889)
 Dog Fennel in the Orient (1903)
Tamám (1908) The Neale Publishing Company

Recent mentions

 Kentucky's Most Hated Man: Charles Chilton Moore & The Bluegrass Blade, a biography, written by John Sparks, was published in the summer of 2009.
 Biology professor and atheist, PZ Myers, mentioned Moore on his popular blog, Pharyngula, on March 4, 2010.
 Hemant Mehta mentioned C.C. Moore on his blog, Friendly Atheist, on April 28, 2011, using Watson Heston's Rationalism Is Not Dead to start a conversation about how the so-called New Atheism at the beginning of the 21st century is not very new at all.
 Daniel Fincke, of the blog Camels with Hammers, mentioned Moore and the Blue Grass Blade on September 20, 2011, and again on September 28 after hearing about Thomas Lawson's Letters from an Atheist Nation, which was being published at the same time.
 PZ Myers mentioned the Camels with Hammers post and commented on Moore on his blog, Pharyngula, on September 28, 2011.
 Letters from an Atheist Nation: Godless Voices of America in 1903, by Thomas Lawson, features a short biography of Moore and the Blade. It also includes a compilation of letters written by Blade readers detailing their reasons for becoming atheists. It was published as an eBook on Amazon.com on September 25, 2011, and in paperback on December 13, 2011.
 On October 9, 2011, PZ Myers, upon reading Thomas Lawson's Letters from an Atheist Nation, decided to emulate Moore by asking for submissions from his readers as to why they are atheists, just as the Blue Grass Blade did in April 1903.

See also
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

References

Additional sources
 Kentucky's Most Hated Man: Charles Chilton Moore & The Bluegrass Blade, a biography by John Sparks
 Biography of Charles Chilton Moore
 Blue Grass Blade Digital Editions at the Library of Congress
 Digital Editions of Blue Grass Blade at Kentuckiana Digital Library - written account of Moore's trial in the February 19, 1899, edition
 The Kentucky Encyclopedia (1992) - John E. Kleber
 Letters from an Atheist Nation, a compilation of letters from American atheists in 1903, collected by Thomas Lawson

1837 births
1906 deaths
19th-century atheists
20th-century atheists
19th-century American writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American atheism activists
American newspaper editors
American former Christians
American male non-fiction writers
People convicted of blasphemy
Writers from Lexington, Kentucky
Recipients of American presidential pardons
American atheist writers
Free speech activists
Critics of religions
Critics of creationism
Free love advocates
Stone family
19th-century American Episcopalians
20th-century American male writers

Charles Chilton Moore


Carl Vigeland is an American writer and publisher who lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Biography
The son of musicians, Vigeland was born in Englewood, NJ, and spent his childhood in Buffalo, NY.  He graduated from Harvard University cum laude (majoring in government) and later earned a master's degree in education from University of Massachusetts Amherst. He lived many years in Conway, MA, before moving to Amherst, MA where he and his family have resided since 1991. He is the brother of composer and pianist Nils Vigeland.

Vigeland began his writing career as a newspaper reporter and reviewer while freelancing for magazines. Vigeland worked at Amherst College from 1978–83, writing and editing several of the school's publications, before leaving to write about the oldest corporation in America, Harvard University. His first book, Great Good Fortune: How Harvard Makes Its Money, was published by Houghton Mifflin Company in 1986.

An amateur pianist and trumpet player, and an expert skier and golfer, Vigeland has written on wide-ranging topics for such magazines as The Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, The New Yorker, Boston Magazine, The Boston Globe Magazine, Conde Nast Traveler, Country Journal, DoubleTake, Downbeat, Fast Company, Golf Digest, Harvard, New England Monthly, The New York Times Magazine, Playboy, Sports Illustrated, and Yankee."

His second book, In Concert: Onstage and Offstage with the Boston Symphony Orchestra was published by William Morrow and Company in 1989. The book chronicles music director Seiji Ozawa, trumpeter Charlie Schlueter and the entire BSO throughout the 1986-1987 season. Publishers Weekly lauded the book for "demystifying and humanizing the august Boston Symphony Orchestra" and noted that "Vigeland is at his best in conveying the emotive power of music, making palpable the feelings of the musicians when a concert goes well and they are overwhelmed at the sound they have made."

Vigeland taught writing for many years at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He  was instrumental in developing courses at UMass for its award-winning Certificate in Online Journalism. He also taught journalism at Greenfield Community College, where for several years he was president of the Executive Committee of the Friends of the Archibald MacLeish Collection.

In 1994, W.W. Norton and Company published Vigeland's Stalking the Shark: Pressure & Passion on the Pro Golf Tour. Focusing on Greg Norman, the book explores what really separates the great golfer from the rest of the field.

In 2001, after a decade on the road with the jazz trumpeter Wynton Marsalis, he collaborated with Marsalis on Jazz in the Bittersweet Blues of Life, journaling life on the road, in the recording studio, and in concerts with Marsalis, his ensemble, and road crew in the early 1990s. Library Journal recommended the book, saying "This period saw Marsalis, currently director of Jazz at Lincoln Center, honing his chops at little clubs and composing songs. While not a traditional biography, this book provides a very real, personal glimpse of Marsalis, as both musician and man. Trumpeter and music writer Vigeland, who tagged along with the septet, here allows his coauthor's sense of humor to shine through. The book's film-inspired techniques make for an unpredictable, ever-evolving reading experience, and readers will come away with a feeling for life on the road, stripped of its many false stereotypes."

The next year, Vigeland returned to the subject of golf, collaborating with Bob Duval on Letters to a Young Golfer, published by Basic Books as part of their "The Art of Mentoring" series.

In 2009, Wiley published Vigeland's Mostly Mozart Guide to Mozart, a concise biography accompanied by insights into Mozart's most important works in a variety of genres.

Vigeland's seventh book is The Breathless Present, published by Levellers Press in 2011. Both an autobiography and a road book, in The Breathless Present Vigeland shares portraits of an unusual grouping of people, ranging from an early mentor and one-time neighbor, the late poet Archibald MacLeish, to jazz great Wynton Marsalis, and the author's charismatic father, also a musician. The work tells several intersecting stories in a variety of voices that mirror music's power to transmute memory and affirm life.

Vigeland's latest books are Holy Ground, Symmetry, Walking Trane, and Ricochet. Other recent books are Jonathan's Sternberg, a biography of conductor and teacher Jonathan Sternberg, published in 2014, The Great Romance: The Sun Returns, Time Never, published in 2015, A Symphony for Shelbie and Dear President Trump: An Open Letter on Greatness, both published in 2019, and, with Archibald MacLeish, October Calf [2020].

In 2019, Vigeland began publishing books under the imprint, Combray House Books.

Bibliography
Vigeland, Carl  (1986) Great Good Fortune: How Harvard Makes Its Money. Houghton Mifflin; (2021) Combray House
Vigeland, Carl (1989) In Concert: Onstage and Offstage with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Morrow, 1989
Vigeland, Carl  (1996) Stalking the Shark: Pressure & Passion on the Pro Golf Tour. Norton, 1994
Vigeland, Carl and Marsalis, Wynton (2001) Jazz in the Bittersweet Blues of Life , DaCapo Press, 2001
Vigeland, Carl (2002) Letters to a Young Golfer (with Bob Duval). Basic Books, 2002
Vigeland, Carl   (2009) The Mostly Mozart Guide to Mozart. Wiley, 2009
Vigeland, Carl  (2011)  The Breathless Present. Levellers Press
Vigeland, Carl (2014), Jonathan Sternberg. Tricorn, 2014
Vigeland, Carl (2015), The Great Romance: The Sun Returns, Time Never. Levellers Press, 2015
Vigeland, Carl (2019), A Symphony for Shelbie. Combray House, 2019
Vigeland,Carl (2019), French Lessons (with Joseph C. French Jr.), Combray House, 2019
Vigeland, Carl (2019), Dear President Trump: An Open Letter on Greatness. Combray House, 2019
Vigeland, Carl and MacLeish, Archibald (2020), October Calf. Combray House, 2020
Vigeland, Carl (2021), Ricochet. Combray House, 2021
Vigeland, Carl (2021), Walking Trane, Combray House, 2021
Vigeland, Carl (2022), Symmetry: Early Poems, Late Photographs''. Combray House, 2022

References

External links

Living people
University of Massachusetts Amherst College of Education alumni
Harvard College alumni
Writers from Englewood, New Jersey
Writers from Buffalo, New York
Writers from Amherst, Massachusetts
American male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Carl Vigeland


Mícheál Lally (born 1939), is an Irish writer and historian.

A native of Fairhill in the Claddagh area in Ireland, Lally has been a seminarian, shopkeeper, publican, and a voluntary worker with the Brothers of Charity.  He has published a book, The Tan War; Ballyovey, South Mayo, the product of ten years' painstaking research instigated by the last wish of his father, Tom, that the events of the War of Independence and subsequent Irish Civil War in South Mayo be recorded.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Writers from Galway (city)
20th-century Irish historians
21st-century Irish historians

Mícheál Lally


Spelljammer: Pirates of Realmspace is a video game for MS-DOS released by Strategic Simulations in 1992. It is a Dungeons & Dragons PC video game using the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, Second Edition rules, and the Spelljammer setting. Spelljammer was programmed and designed by Cybertech Systems.

Plot
In Spelljammer, the player captains a ship and crew. The player can ship goods from planet to planet for a fee and take on simple missions including delivering people and goods, destroying pirates, and guarding the space lanes. As the player completes missions, the player's character gains reputation points, eventually gaining enough points to be asked to help rid Realmspace of a terrible danger. This mission leads to the simple plot in the game.

Gameplay
Spelljammers are magic ships that fly through "wildspace" to various planets. All the planets and wildspace for a system are contained in a Crystal Sphere. Outside the Crystal Sphere is the Phlogiston, also known as the "flow". Holes in the Crystal Sphere allow the flow to shine through, appearing as stars on planets. Spelljamming ships cannot enter the Phlogiston.

Game mechanics
The game starts the player with a 5th level character. The available classes are: Clerics, Fighters, Paladins, Rangers, Mages, and Thieves. There are three main parts to the game: docked at a planet, in space travel and ship-to-ship combat, and on-board personal combat. When at a planet, various text menus allow the player to buy and sell cargo, repair and upgrade their ship, buy and sell character equipment, and seek missions. A rudimentary trade system allows players to make money shipping goods from planet to planet, and some key planets have more options for ship repairs and equipment. In space, the player can travel from planet to planet, or simply point the ship in any direction and go. Real-time ship-to-ship combat using ballistae and catapults takes place in a simple 3D view. The player can steer the ship to aim the weapons at enemies, and to try to avoid enemy missiles. The occasional meteor storm is a minor hazard while spelljamming.

One little-used feature programmed into the game is the ability to crash the player's ship into the Crystal Sphere. Normally "space" is shown as black, but if a player is patient and continues towards the Crystal Sphere, space would turn dark grey, light grey, the stars would spread out, and eventually the ship will crash into the Crystal Sphere.

The player can bring the ship close to an enemy ship, board, and do turn based hand-to-hand combat on a simple isometric map. A full range of spells and weapons is available, and ships are crewed by a wide range of humans and monsters. In the turn-based combat system, the player controls the ship's officers, and the computer controls the regular crew and the enemies. The turn-based combat engine supports spell effects and animations on the map, for example a "stinking cloud" that persists for multiple turns.

Development

Initial phase
Al Escudero was a successful game designer with a couple of commercial titles under his belt working out of Vancouver BC, Canada in 1990. Escudero had started design work on a space battle game for Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI), and put in a few months of effort before SSI decided to kill the project. Design work continued for as long as it did because the decision to kill the project did not trickle down to the level of management Escudero was dealing with for two months after upper management killed the project. To make up for the loss of time and money, SSI quickly found another project for Escudero – Spelljammer.

Escudero designed the ship to ship combat and came up with the idea of using a 2D map, then using the distance between ships to scale the size of the ship's bitmap and display it in a simple 3D view on one plane. He then designed the basic layout of all menus, the overall look and feel of the turn based hand-to-hand combat, and most other key parts of the game. At this time Cybertech Systems was actually just Escudero in his basement. Lead programmer Alex Russell was acquainted with him because he went to high-school with Russell's younger brother. Russell had done a couple of small porting jobs for Escudero in the past. Another programmer named David "Zoid" Kirsch worked on the game for a couple of months. As Russell had only been programming business systems up to now, Zoid's knowledge of PC hardware was valuable at the start of the project.

Artwork
Escudero worked on the art for the game, doing most of the planets, tiles, and much other minor art. Russell also did artwork, doing a few scenes used when at ports, and decorations for menus. They also used a black and white video camera (colour camera was much too expensive for the budget they were working on) and a RGB colour wheel to digitise models, both scale and human, to use for the game. An Amiga was used for digitisation. The Amiga could write to standard PC floppy disks, and Deluxe Paint on the Amiga would write files that PC Deluxe paint could read. Deluxe Paint, and Deluxe Paint Animation were used for 90% of the art. Three freelance artists drew the bulk of the ships and a few ports. Each ship required eight hand drawn pictures, one for each of eight rotations. These eight pictures were then scaled as required for the semi 3D used in ship to ship combat. A 30-second Cybertech introduction of a door opening took four hours to render on a 486, and over 24 hours on a 386.

Cybertech hired a model builder to build one ship, but while this had good results it turned out the model builder couldn't turn a profit at the price they could pay for a custom model. The asteroids in the game were digitized rocks from Escudero's backyard. A few people in full armor from the local SCA (Society for Creative Anachronism), as well as friends in costumes were digitized as well.

Programming
Russell did 90% of the programming. This was back before the widespread use of the internet, so personal contacts in the local game programming industry, and a good local book store were very important sources of information. 320x200 pixels, 256 colors was chosen for the video mode because it was simple to program, looked good, and would be faster to process a smaller number of pixels with many colors, than many pixels with only 16 colors. This was way before 3D cards – everything was done in software. Most of the game was written in C, except for all the graphic primitives which were written in x86 assembler.

A menu system was written, but not a menu editor. All menus were hard-coded C structures, requiring a full recompile to see a menu change. The over-head turn based combat system had a very good editor written for it. Each ship in the game had its own map. And the semi 3D engine was written. SSI provided the sound library. There were no standards so each common sound card had to be supported. The other interesting routine was the movie player. It looked at a series of computer pictures, found and stored the differences and stored them as compressed blocks. Cybertech hired an assembly whiz to write the de-compressor. Russell wrote everything else from scratch. The team used some of Zoid's ideas, but none of his code made it into the final game.

Music was created by two of Russell's friends, Mark McGough and Peter Grisdale, who were also musicians as well as computer programmers. They already had MIDI equipment and did the music for a copy of the game and a credit listing.

Final phase
Programmer Alex Russell recalls: "We sent game builds down to SSI using a state of the art 9600 baud modem and Zmodem. It took about 3 hours to send down 2 megs of updates, and involved calling voice first, arranging for who would auto-answer (SSI so they could pay the phone bill!), and crossing your fingers".

Development took slightly over a year. The first six months of work was done in Escudero's kitchen. Then SSI called up and said they were coming up to visit. Since Escudero didn't want to look like a low budget outfit he quickly rented a small office, where development was finished. After Spelljammer was finished, Escudero was instrumental in developing a multi-line BBS called Ice Online that ran a custom coded MUD. This turned out to be a quite successful enterprise that would eventually take up the whole floor of the building the original small office was in. EA eventually bought out Ice Online, took all the key employees and closed down the BBS.

Reception
Computer Gaming World liked the boarding combat but criticized the bugs and long load times, concluding that the game "is a product with a good deal of promise, thwarted by an unfortunate number of defects". It recommended the game to "AD&D role-playing stalwarts who can look past the problems, but as to the rest of the gaming public, SJammer is still a few updates away from being a product worth playing". The magazine warned that the "grandiose claims" SSI made about the game and Legends of Valour threatened the company's "long-standing reputation for quality". According to GameSpy, it was a "nice try, but a so-called "Gold Box" game everyone can easily miss".

References

External links
 Spelljammer: Pirates of Realmspace at Beyond the Moons (the official Spelljammer website)

 Review in PC World

1992 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Dungeons & Dragons video games
Gold Box
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Spelljammer
Strategic Simulations games
Tactical role-playing video games
Video games about pirates
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists

Spelljammer: Pirates of Realmspace


Swell Guy is a 1946 American drama film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Sonny Tufts, Ann Blyth and Ruth Warwick. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. The film's screenplay by Richard Brooks is based on the 1921 play The Hero by Gilbert Emery.

Plot

Almost no one in his California hometown knows what a scoundrel and cad Jim Duncan is. He has been away working as a war correspondent, but has lost his job and abandoned a wife.

Jim stays at his family's home for months for free, tricks people into paying his way, gambles and romantically pursues socialite Marian Tyler, even though she is seeing another man, Mike O'Connor. Her father is also the boss of Jim's brother, Martin.

Up to his old ways, running up debts, Jim is asked to leave by Sarah, his mother. He goes to Los Angeles, but is followed by Marian, who is pregnant by him. She realizes he does not love her. Mike offers to marry Marian, even though she is expecting another man's child.

Others continue to mistakenly believe Jim to be a nice guy, including his brother and also Tony, a nephew who idolizes him. Tony makes the mistake of emulating Jim one day, walking down a railroad track. Jim saves him just in time, but at the cost of his own life, leaving friends and relatives remembering him as "a swell guy."

Cast

 Sonny Tufts as Jim Duncan
 Ann Blyth as Marian Tyler
 Ruth Warrick as Ann Duncan
 William Gargan as Martin Duncan
 Mary Nash as Sarah Duncan
 Thomas Gomez as Dave Vinson
 John Craven as Mike O'Connor
 Millard Mitchell as Steve
 John Litel as Arthur Tyler
 Donald Devlin as Tony Duncan
 Vince Barnett as Sam Burns
 Patrick McVey as Ray Link.

References

External links

1946 films
1946 drama films
American black-and-white films
American drama films
American films based on plays
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Frank Tuttle
Films scored by Frank Skinner
Universal Pictures films
1940s American films

Swell Guy


Field experiments are experiments carried out outside of laboratory settings.

They randomly assign subjects (or other sampling units) to either treatment or control groups to test claims of causal relationships.  Random assignment helps establish the comparability of the treatment and control group so that any differences between them that emerge after the treatment has been administered plausibly reflect the influence of the treatment rather than pre-existing differences between the groups.  The distinguishing characteristics of field experiments are that they are conducted in real-world settings and often unobtrusively and control not only the subject pool but selection and overtness, as defined by leaders such as John A. List. This is in contrast to laboratory experiments, which enforce scientific control by testing a hypothesis in the artificial and highly controlled setting of a laboratory. Field experiments have some contextual differences as well from naturally-occurring experiments and quasi-experiments. While naturally-occurring experiments rely on an external force (e.g. a government, nonprofit, etc.) controlling the randomization treatment assignment and implementation, field experiments require researchers to retain control over randomization and implementation. Quasi-experiments occur when treatments are administered as-if randomly (e.g. U.S. Congressional districts where candidates win with slim margins, weather patterns, natural disasters, etc.).

Field experiments encompass a broad array of experimental designs, each with varying degrees of generality. Some criteria of generality (e.g. authenticity of treatments, participants, contexts, and outcome measures) refer to the contextual similarities between the subjects in the experimental sample and the rest of the population. They are increasingly used in the social sciences to study the effects of policy-related interventions in domains such as health, education, crime, social welfare, and politics.

Characteristics
Under random assignment, outcomes of field experiments are reflective of the real-world because subjects are assigned to groups based on non-deterministic probabilities. Two other core assumptions underlie the ability of the researcher to collect unbiased potential outcomes: excludability and non-interference. The excludability assumption provides that the only relevant causal agent is through the receipt of the treatment. Asymmetries in assignment, administration or measurement of treatment and control groups violate this assumption. The non-interference assumption, or Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), indicates that the value of the outcome depends only on whether or not the subject is assigned the treatment and not whether or not other subjects are assigned to the treatment. When these three core assumptions are met, researchers are more likely to provide unbiased estimates through field experiments.

After designing the field experiment and gathering the data, researchers can use statistical inference tests to determine the size and strength of the intervention's effect on the subjects. Field experiments allow researchers to collect diverse amounts and types of data. For example, a researcher could design an experiment that uses pre- and post-trial information in an appropriate statistical inference method to see if an intervention has an effect on subject-level changes in outcomes.

Practical uses
Field experiments offer researchers a way to test theories and answer questions with higher external validity because they simulate real-world occurrences. Some researchers argue that field experiments are a better guard against potential bias and biased estimators. As well, field experiments can act as benchmarks for comparing observational data to experimental results. Using field experiments as benchmarks can help determine levels of bias in observational studies, and, since researchers often develop a hypothesis from an a priori judgment, benchmarks can help to add credibility to a study. While some argue that covariate adjustment or matching designs might work just as well in eliminating bias, field experiments can increase certainty by displacing omitted variable bias because they better allocate observed and unobserved factors.

Researchers can utilize machine learning methods to simulate, reweight, and generalize experimental data. This increases the speed and efficiency of gathering experimental results and reduces the costs of implementing the experiment. Another cutting-edge technique in field experiments is the use of the multi armed bandit design, including similar adaptive designs on experiments with variable outcomes and variable treatments over time.

Limitations
There are limitations of and arguments against using field experiments in place of other research designs (e.g. lab experiments, survey experiments, observational studies, etc.). Given that field experiments necessarily take place in a specific geographic and political setting, there is a concern about extrapolating outcomes to formulate a general theory regarding the population of interest. However, researchers have begun to find strategies to effectively generalize causal effects outside of the sample by comparing the environments of the treated population and external population, accessing information from larger sample size, and accounting and modeling for treatment effects heterogeneity within the sample. Others have used covariate blocking techniques to generalize from field experiment populations to external populations.

Noncompliance issues affecting field experiments (both one-sided and two-sided noncompliance) can occur when subjects who are assigned to a certain group never receive their assigned intervention. Other problems to data collection include attrition (where subjects who are treated do not provide outcome data) which, under certain conditions, will bias the collected data. These problems can lead to imprecise data analysis; however, researchers who use field experiments can use statistical methods in calculating useful information even when these difficulties occur.

Using field experiments can also lead to concerns over interference between subjects. When a treated subject or group affects the outcomes of the nontreated group (through conditions like displacement, communication, contagion etc.), nontreated groups might not have an outcome that is the true untreated outcome. A subset of interference is the spillover effect, which occurs when the treatment of treated groups has an effect on neighboring untreated groups.

Field experiments can be expensive, time-consuming to conduct, difficult to replicate, and plagued with ethical pitfalls. Subjects or populations might undermine the implementation process if there is a perception of unfairness in treatment selection (e.g. in 'negative income tax' experiments communities may lobby for their community to get a cash transfer so the assignment is not purely random). There are limitations to collecting consent forms from all subjects. Comrades administering interventions or collecting data could contaminate the randomization scheme. The resulting data, therefore, could be more varied: larger standard deviation, less precision and accuracy, etc.  This leads to the use of larger sample sizes for field testing. However, others argue that, even though replicability is difficult, if the results of the experiment are important then there a larger chance that the experiment will get replicated. As well, field experiments can adopt a "stepped-wedge" design that will eventually give the entire sample access to the intervention on different timing schedules. Researchers can also design a blinded field experiment to remove possibilities of manipulation.

Examples
The history of experiments in the lab and the field has left longstanding impacts in the physical, natural, and life sciences. Modern use field experiments has roots in the 1700s, when James Lind utilized a controlled field experiment to identify a treatment for scurvy.

Other categorical examples of sciences that use field experiments include:

 Economists have used field experiments to analyze discrimination (e.g., in the labor market, in housing, in the sharing economy, in the credit market, or in integration), health care programs, charitable fundraising, education, information aggregation in markets, and microfinance programs.
 Engineers often conduct field tests of prototype products to validate earlier laboratory tests and to obtain broader feedback.
Anthropology field experiments date back to Biruni's study of India.
Social psychology has pioneering figures who utilized field experiments, including Kurt Lewin and Stanley Milgram.
Agricultural science researcher  R.A. Fisher analyzed randomized actual "field" experimental data for crops.
Political Science researcher Harold Gosnell conducted an early field experiment on voter participation in 1924 and 1925.
Ecology Joseph H. Connell's field experiment.

See also
 Field research

References

Design of experiments
Tests
Causal inference
Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)
Field research

Field experiment


David Khayat (born August 27, 1956) is a French oncologist. Head of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital since 1990, he is also Professor of oncology at the University Pierre and Marie Curie and adjunct Professor at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. He was elected at the American Society of Clinical Oncology board in 2013.
Organiser of the World Summit against Cancer at the UNESCO, he initiated the Charter of Paris against Cancer and headed the French Cancer National Institute between April 2004 and September 2006. He is its Honorary President now.
Professor Khayat is the founder and the President of the Foundation AVEC, a non-profit organisation declared of public utility since 2013  (dissolved in 2020) .
He also became a consultant for various industries in the 2010s; in particular, he is paid by Philip Morris International for a lobbying activity in favor of heated tobacco product.

Education
David Khayat made his medical studies at the University of Nice from 1974 to 1980. Over the next five years he undertook internship and residency training at hospitals in Paris, and moved towards the field of oncology.

Later, during his formal studies in oncology, he attained a Master of Science in tumor immunology. Part of these studies were conducted in Israel with Professor Isaac Witz, at the University of Tel Aviv. Then, back to France in 1985, he finished his training in medical oncology and got his MD and became board certified in oncology the same year.

In 1986, David Khayat went to the Mount Sinaï school medicine in New York (Department of Biochemistry, J.C Unkeless) and got his Ph.D. in tumor immunology in 1988 at the University Pierre and Marie Curie in Paris. During his Ph.D., he has been working on the identification and purification of the soluble Fc receptors both, in mouse and human sera, and set up a new ELISA sandwich assay for the detection and the quantitive dosage of this soluble molecule. He demonstrated the relationship between the release of this soluble receptor in human serum (called also immunoglobuling binding factors IBF) and different pathologic conditions (AIDS, ITP ...).

Career
Professor Khayat landed an assistant professorial position at the Department of Medical Oncology at Pitié-Salpetrière, a teaching hospital in the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris network, in 1985. He moved onto a full professorship at University Pierre and Marie Curie in 1989 after getting his PhD.

David Khayat returned to Pitié-Salpetrière in 1990 as Head of the Department of Medical Oncology. In this role, he developed a research laboratory that worked on tumor immunology and the pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs.

In April 2004, Professor Khayat became the Founding President of Cancer National Institute (INCa). Since 2006, he is Honorary President of the INCa.

Professor Khayat is the President of the Foundation AVEC, a non-profit organisation which finances actions to improve the quality of life of cancer patients and research programmes.

Khayat serves as a professor emeritus for a number of educational institutes worldwide, including the Suzhou Institute for oncology, China, and Matsumoto University, Japan. He is also Adjunct Professor of Medicine of the Department of Breast Diseases at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, United States. He was elected at the American Society of Clinical Oncology board in 2013.

National oncology teaching program
Khayat has set up a national oncology teaching program for young French oncologists — the "Master of Excellence in Medicine in Oncology" (Master d'excellence en médecine oncologique). This program is aimed to allow participants to learn the necessary skills to become the future key opinion leaders in oncology and promote French oncology in the international community.

Social activities
Working to organise French oncologists, he formed the French Federation of Medical Oncologists (FFOM) in 1998. He was elected the Federation's first president and held this position until 2001. Along with Gabriel Hortobagyi, David Khayat organised the World Summit Against Cancer in 2000 and 2001, as well as the Charter of Paris Against Cancer in 2000. This text was firmed by French President Jacques Chirac and Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of the UNESCO.

Professor Khayat became a member of French President Jacques Chirac's "war on cancer plan"(Plan cancer) in July 2002, and was President of a high-level bilateral committee for Franco-Israeli cooperation.

David Khayat sits on several French, European and International Committees. He is steering committee member of the World Alliance of Cancer Research Organizations. He is an advisor to the LEED program at the Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD). He is the Associate Editor of the Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer and is a member of several other editorial boards.

Professor Khayat is also the Ambassador of the Republic of San Marino at UNESCO.

Lobbyist for the tobacco industry
An investigation by Stéphane Horel and Jérémie Baruch for Le Monde relates that David Khayat, capitalizing on his worldly knowledge, undertook in the 2010s a consulting activity with industrialists on risk reduction. He is notably paid by Philip Morris International for lobbying activities in favor of heated tobacco product, which Philip Morris International markets. In particular, he sought to influence public decisions in France (where senators indicate that they did not understand, at the time, that he was working for the tobacco company) and in Hong Kong.

Research interests
David Khayat is an active researcher in oncology and clinical pharmacology, and has at least 500 peer-reviewed publications to his name.

Presently, he is employed at one of the few fully equipped research centers in France that is deeply involved in evaluation of new drugs and new targets for exploitation in treatment and diagnosis of cancer. He works on basic research on factors that can predict response to immunotherapy in melanoma patients, as well as the development of phase I and II studies to test anti-cancer agents that may be used to treat breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and melanoma.

Awards
Khayat received the American Association for Cancer Research public service award in 2000 and was also selected to receive the research grant from the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation in 2000.

He is chevalier of the National Order of Merit, of the Legion of Honor, of the Order of Sainte Agathe, and the Academics Palms. He is Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Chevalier de l'ordre du Lion du Sénégal, and officer in the Russian order of the friendship between people.

Personal life
Khayat is married and has three daughters, Julie, Barabara and Cécile. Khayat's wife is a former-pharmacist, and presently an art historian at the Louvre School in Paris.

Khayat is also an author of not only medical texts, but some medical thriller fiction.

References

David Khayat, Speaker Profile, OECD Forum 2004: Health of Nations

Living people
1956 births
Clinical pharmacologists
French oncologists
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center faculty

David Khayat


Plant physiology is the part of botany which studies how plants work. That is the physiology of plants. Using a variety of methods, botanists study how plants reproduce, grow, get nutrients, photosynthesise, get water, and so on.

The main topics of plant physiology are photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormones, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy, stomata function and transpiration.

Related pages
Hyperaccumulator

References

Plant physiology


Allenville Mill Storehouse (also known as Company Storehouse or Allenville) is a historic mill storehouse at 5 Esmond Street in Esmond, Rhode Island within the town of Smithfield, Rhode Island. The exact date of construction is unknown, but it was built with rubble masonry construction which was typical of mill construction during and after the War of 1812. In 1813, Phillip Allen purchased 4.5 acres of land and constructed a mill on the site, but the first record to specifically refer to the storehouse was an insurance policy from 1836. Allen sold the property in 1857 and it changed ownership several times before it became Esmond Mills in 1906. In 1937, the building was used as a post office and described erroneously as the "Old Allenville Mill". The building has had some alterations to the front door and possibly the addition of a side door, but the interior of the structure was not detailed in the National Register of Historic Places nomination. The Allenville Mill Storehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

History
The Allenville Mill Storehouse is a  two story square stone rubble-construction storehouse erected by Phillip Allen. The exact date of construction is unknown, but it was built with rubble-construction as was typical of mill construction during and after the War of 1812. In 1813, Allen purchased 4.5 acres from Esek Smith to construct a mill on the empty land. The exact date the mill and the storehouse was built is unknown, but Allen's brother, Zachariah, noted in his diary a payment from "P. Allen for building his factory" on March 5, 1821. The first record of the building is from an 1836 insurance policy obtained by Philip Allen for the cotton factory and a "Store and cloth room". Further evidence it was used as the storehouse comes from a lithographic map from 1858 and in the town's deeds. Allen sold the property in 1857 and it changed owners again in 1860, and was renamed to the Smithfield Manufacturing Company. Ownership changed in 1879, and it was renamed Enfield Mills and transferred again in 1906 and renamed Esmond Mills. In 1937, the building was used as a post office and described erroneously as the "Old Allenville Mill". The discovery that it was a storehouse and not the mill was made only during the National Register of Historic Places survey.

In 1971, the National Register of Historic Places nomination noted that the "original fenestration is largely evident, although the eastern first story window of the front facade has been somewhat enlarged. This and other alterations may have occurred during the last decades of the nineteenth century or the early years of the twentieth when the building became the United States Post Office." One of these alterations appears to be the side entrance on the southwestern side of the building, Candee hypothesizes that it may have replaced an original window. Another modification appears to have been made to the main entrance which has a flat pedimented front door that is framed with columns protruding on plinths. The main door is also surrounded with "wooden rustification",  but it is noted that this alteration to the main entrance "provides an important visual point to the simple building." In 1971, the National Register of Historic Places nomination did not detail the interior, but an included photo noted the windows were boarded up and it was listed as being for rent. A photo from 2013 shows that the structure has since been renovated and remains well-maintained.

Significance
The Allenville Mill Storehouse was long considered to be the Allenville Mill, including in the 1937 Federal Writer's Project book, but records indicate this was the storehouse of the mill constructed in 1813. Despite not being the mill complex, the storehouse is the earliest surviving example of the 19th-century company storehouses in Rhode Island, and one of only a few surviving examples of company storehouses remaining from the 19th century. Furthermore, the property was erected and owned by the Governor of Rhode Island and later United States Senator Phillip Allen. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence County, Rhode Island

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1813
Buildings and structures in Smithfield, Rhode Island
Warehouses on the National Register of Historic Places
Post office buildings in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence County, Rhode Island
1813 establishments in Rhode Island

Allenville Mill Storehouse


Jason Gurney (1910–1973) was a British sculptor who fought in the Spanish Civil War.

His family moved to South Africa when he was a child and after leaving school he worked in Johannesburg. Eventually, he saved enough money to return to Europe.

He was with the International Brigades from December 1936 to August 1937. During that time, he served in the British Battalion, the Lincoln Battalion and XIV International Brigade staff. He was wounded in the right hand by a sniper's explosive bullet in a lull between fighting in the trenches at Jarama. His wound was sufficiently serious to send him home and to ensure that he never worked as a sculptor again.

His perceptive and vivid memoirs of the Spanish Civil War were published posthumously and are drawn from heavily by historians. He knew and described Tom Wintringham Fred Copeman, André Marty, Martin Hourihan, Jock Cunningham, George Nathan, Vladimir Copic, Steve Nelson, and many others.

Sources

Jason Gurney, Crusade in Spain, Faber. 1974.

External links
For a detailed biography and extensive extracts from "Crusade in Spain"

1910 births
1973 deaths
British people of the Spanish Civil War
International Brigades personnel
20th-century British sculptors
British male sculptors
20th-century British male artists

Jason Gurney


Execution of Justice is an ensemble play by Emily Mann chronicling the case of Dan White, who assassinated San Francisco mayor George Moscone and openly gay city supervisor Harvey Milk in November 1978. The play was originally commissioned by the Eureka Theatre Company, but premiered at Arena Stage on May 10, 1985.

In the play, the trial itself is on trial in the court of theater, and is found guilty of a miscarriage of justice. In the actual trial, White was convicted only of a lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter, rather than two counts of first-degree murder; he was sentenced to less than eight years in prison. The dialogue mentions the urban legend that White's defense strategy was primarily the so-called "Twinkie defense"—painting his junk food consumption as a significant factor in his capacity for murder.

The play's Broadway premiere was on March 13, 1986. John Spencer played the role of Dan White. Also among the cast were Wesley Snipes, Stanley Tucci, Mary McDonnell, and Earle Hyman. The set was designed by Ming Cho Lee, costumes by Jennifer von Mayrhauser, lighting by Pat Collins.

Execution of Justice won the HBO New Plays USA award, the Helen Hayes Award, the Bay Area Critics Circle Award. It was nominated for a Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle Award. In 1999, Showtime Networks aired a film adaptation of the play, directed by Leon Ichaso and adapted by screenwriter Michael Butler. In 2000, the film won the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Movie or Limited Series.

Summary
The play is set in the US city of San Francisco in the year 1978. The set is a bare stage with at least one white screen overhead.

To the live performance on-stage, it adds video, prerecorded voices, and music. Throughout the performance, the feed from a video camera pointed at the stage is projected onto large screens. The drag nun, an AIDS activist called Sister Boom Boom, is the voice of conscience who represents human rights for all marginalized groups.

The dialogue is based on trial transcripts, reportage, and interviews.

Act I: Murder
This act is beginning the trial of Daniel James White, who has assassinated Harvey Milk, the Supervisor of the City and County of San Francisco, California, and George R. Moscone, the Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco, California. The Prosecution and Defense choose a jury, and then present the facts of what has occurred, such as White resigning from his position as the Supervisor of District 8 of San Francisco, and the discussion of his intent to possibly withdraw that resignation. They discuss White's background, where he grew up in San Francisco, served in Vietnam, and was a police officer and fireman in San Francisco. They then  discuss the wounds of the victims, and question the witnesses to the shooting of Milk and Moscone. White explains his side of the story, and the end of the act is Dan White, his wife Mary Ann, and the Jurors sobbing. Court then takes a recess.

Act II: In Defense of Murder
This begins with the Prosecution questioning Falzon and his relationship to Dan White. Then the Defense brings in Freitas, Sherrant, and Frediani, to discuss his character and their relationships with him in the past. Then there is a psychiatric defense, and then questioning of his wife, Mary Ann, and her perspective. After all final statements and deliberation of the jury, the court announces Mr. White is sentenced to seven years and eight months, the maximum sentence for two counts of voluntary manslaughter. In the last line of the play, Dan White says: "I was always just a lonely vote on the board. I was just trying to do a good job for the city".

Characters

Main characters
Dan White (man on trial for murder of George R. Moscone and Harvey Milk)
Mary Ann White (wife of Dan White)
Cop
Sister Boom Boom (Nun in Drag)

Chorus of Uncalled Witnesses
Jim Denman (White's Jailer)
Young Mother
Milk's Friend
Gwenn Craig (Vice President of Harvey Milk Democratic Club)
Harry Britt (City Supervisor)
Joseph Freitas (D.A.)
Mourner

Trial Characters
The Court
Court Clerk
Douglas Schmidt (Defense Attorney)
Thomas F. Norman (Prosecuting Attorney)
Joanna Lu (TV Reporter)
Prospective Jurors
Juror #3/Foreman Bailiff

Witnesses for the People
Coroner Stephens
Rudy Nothenberg (Deputy Mayor, Moscone's Friend)
Barabara Taylor (Reporter)
Officer Byrne (Department of Records)
William Melia (Civil Engineer)
Cyr Copertini (Secretary to Mayor)
Carl Henry Carlson (Aide to Harvey Milk)
Richard Pabich (Assistant to Harvey Milk)
Frank Falzon (Inspector, Homicide)
Edward Erdelatz (Inspector)

Witnesses for the Defense
Denise Apcar (Aide to White)
Sherratt (Fire Chief)
Frediani (Fireman)
Sullivan (Police Officer)
Lee Dolson (City Supervisor)

Psychiatrists
Dr. Jones
Dr. Solomon
Dr. Blinder
Dr. Lunde
Dr. Delman

In Rebuttal for the People
Carol Ruth Silver (City Supervisor)
Dr. Levy (Psychiatrist)
Riot Police
Action Cameraman

References

External links

American LGBT-related television films
LGBT-related plays
1985 plays
Harvey Milk
Gay-related films
Films set in San Francisco
Fiction set in 1978
American films based on plays
American plays adapted into films
1999 television films
1999 films
1990s American films

Execution of Justice