John (died 1207) was a late 12th century and early 13th century Tironensian monk and bishop. By the time he first appears in the records, as Bishop-elect of Aberdeen in December 1199, he was the prior of Kelso Abbey, that is, deputy to the Abbot of Kelso. He achieved consecration as Bishop of Aberdeen by 20 June 1200, though the date on which this took place is unknown.

John's episcopate, like many from this era, is badly documented, and little is known about his activities. He assisted at the Provincial Council held by the Papal legate, John of Salerno, at Perth in December 1200. His name occurs as a witness to three charters of David of Huntingdon, Lord of Garioch and Earl of Huntingdon, charters preserved in the cartulary of Lindores Abbey. Ratifications of grants made by Gille Críst, Earl of Mar are recorded. He died on 13 October 1207.

References
 Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912), p. 101
 Innes, Cosmo, Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis: Ecclesie Cathedralis Aberdonensis Regesta Que Extant in Unum Collecta, Vol. 1, (Edinburgh, 1845), pp. xxi-ii
 Keith, Robert, An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688, (London, 1924), pp. 105–6
 Watt, D.E.R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969), p. 1

1207 deaths
Bishops of Aberdeen
Tironensians
Scottish priors
13th-century Scottish Roman Catholic bishops
Year of birth unknown

John of Kelso


Srikant Datar is an Indian-American economist and the Dean of Harvard Business School. At Harvard, he concurrently serves as the Arthur Lowes Dickinson Professor of Business Administration.

Early life
Datar attended the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai. He graduated with distinction in mathematics and economics from St. Xavier's College, University of Mumbai in 1973. At IIM Ahmedabad, he was a gold medalist and the General Secretary of the Student's Council (1977–78). He is a chartered accountant and holds two master's degrees and a doctorate from Stanford University.

Career
Since 2015, he has been faculty chair of the Harvard Innovation Labs and Senior Associate Dean for University Affairs at Harvard Business School. He is a member of the boards of directors of ICF International, Stryker Corporation, and T-Mobile US, all in the US, and of IIM Calcutta. He previously served on the boards of IIM Ahmedabad, HCL Technologies (2012 to 2014) and KPIT Technologies (2007 to 2012), both based in India. Datar is also part of the governing body of S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research.

Datar has worked as an accountant and planner in industry and as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Stanford University, and Harvard University. His research interests are in the areas of cost management, measurement of productivity, governance, new product development, innovation, time-based competition, incentives, and performance evaluation. He is the author of many publications and has received several academic awards and honors. In 2021, he was the winner of the 2021 Bharat Asmita Acharya Shreshtha Award from Maharashtra Academy of Engineering and Education Research (MAEER) and in 2020 he was honored as the 2020 Public Company Director of the Year by the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD).

Datar has also advised numerous companies in research, development, and training.

Awards
In 2021, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award in India.

In 2022, the International Institute of New England (IINE) announced Dr. Srikant Datar as the recipient of the 41st Golden Door Award.

References

Bibliography

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Harvard Business School faculty
American economists
St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni
Stanford University alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
American people of Indian descent
American university and college faculty deans
Cathedral and John Connon School alumni

Srikant Datar


The Triumph TR4A wis biggit atween 1965 an 1968 bi the Triumph Motor Company in the Unitit Kinrick.

The TR4A wis an evolution o the TR4, updatit wi a new chassis. It wis hoped the new, but mair complex independent rear suspension wad address the buyin publics' desire for mair comfortable ridin sports caurs. This version haes an "IRS" badge on the rear. It's estimatit 75% o TR4A wur biggit wi IRS. In 1965, the TR4A IRS sauld in the Unitit Kinrick for approximately £968, wi wire wheels bein anither £36, owerdrive £51, heater £13 an seat belts £4 each. In the Unitit States the model sauld for juist unner $2500 an accessory prices includit: heater, $64; seat belts, $17; A.M. radio; $?; toneau civer, $35, W/S washer; $10. ootside mirror;$5.50 an battery box; $5.95

In response tae dealer requests, approximately 25% o TR4As wur produced wi a solit rear axle option (cried a live axle an aw), seemilar tae the earlier TR4. The TR4A wis the first vehicle tae ever offer an option for axle type.

The new suspension eventually proved itself wi the buyin public an in racin, wi three TR4A IRS models postin a team win an finishin 1st, 2nt an 3rd in cless at the Sebring 12-oor race o 1966. Albeit nou the live axle is superior in racin due tae its muckle better pouer tae wecht ratio, bestin the TR6 an aw.

In 1968 the TR4A wis replaced bi the 6-cylinder TR5 (European model wi fuel injection) an TR250 (U.S. model wi twin carburetors), baith o which continued tae uise the same body design.

Specifications
Ingine: 2138 cc, 4 cylinder, 86 mm bore, 92 mm stroke, 9:1 compression ratio, 104 bhp (78 kW). The lang stroke gie this ingine muckle o its torque.
Turning circle: 10.1 m (33 ft)
Capacities:
Fuel tank: 53.4 L (11.75 imp gal; 14.11 US gal)
Ingine sump: 6.2 L (1.36 imp gal; 1.64 US gal)
Gearbox: 0.85 L (0.19 imp gal; 0.22 US gal)
Acceleration in tap:
30 tae 50 mph (48 tae 80 km/h): 8 s
40 tae 60 mph (64 tae 97 km/h): 8 s
60 tae 80 mph (97 tae 130 km/h): 11 s

TR4A
Sports caurs
Vehicles introduced in 1965
1960s automobiles
Roadsters
Rear wheel drive vehicles

Triumph TR4A


Paul McCarthy (born 13 January 1967 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian comedy actor. He is best known for sketch comedy television series Comedy Inc.

Career
He began performing professionally while attending Melbourne University, touring Australia with revue show Laminex on the Rocks which also starred Mick Molloy, Jason Stephens and Andrew Maj.

McCarthy appeared on stand-up comedy stages in Melbourne during the late eighties and through the nineties and was a regular participant in the annual Melbourne International Comedy Festival before finding his way onto television.

He also starred in Totally Full Frontal, a late 1990s television sketch comedy show, as well as in the hit Mick Molloy comedy Crackerjack. He has received two Green Room Awards for his contributions to live cabaret and his (co-devised) work Cliff Hanger in Catch A Falling Star was awarded Best Cabaret Show at Melbourne Fringe 2002.

He is best known for starring in the highly successful sketch comedy television series Comedy Inc. (or Comedy Inc – The Late Shift as it was known as between 2005 and 2007). He was, along with Comedy Inc. co-star Genevieve Morris a 2006 Australian Film Institute Awards nominee for Best Performance in a Television Comedy. The show itself has received seven AFI nominations in all, together with one Logie Award nomination in 2006 for Outstanding Television Comedy Series, and one 2006 Rose D'Or Award for Best International Comedy Series. At the Logie Awards of 2007 he performed the opening section as David Koch, a role he frequently portrayed in Comedy Inc.

In 2009, he starred in Double Take. He notably played as Kevin Rudd and David Koch, as well as Bert Newton, Jerry Springer and Rove McManus.

In 2011, he acted in the short-lived live comedy television program Live From Planet Earth, before rebounding with a starring role as former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in the ABC1 narrative comedy series At Home with Julia.

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Australian male comedians
Australian male television actors
Australian impressionists (entertainers)
Male actors from Melbourne

Paul McCarthy (actor)


In mathematics, a ternary operation is an n-ary operation with n = 3. A ternary operation on a set A takes any given three elements of A and combines them to form a single element of A.

In computer science, a ternary operator is an operator that takes three arguments as input and returns one output.

Examples

The function  is an example of a ternary operation on the integers (or on any structure where  and  are both defined). Properties of this ternary operation have been used to define planar ternary rings in the foundations of projective geometry.

In the Euclidean plane with points a, b, c referred to an origin, the ternary operation  has been used to define free vectors. Since (abc) = d implies a – b = c – d, these directed segments are equipollent and are associated with the same free vector. Any three points in the plane a, b, c thus determine a parallelogram with d at the fourth vertex.

In projective geometry, the process of finding a projective harmonic conjugate is a ternary operation on three points. In the diagram, points A, B and P determine point V, the harmonic conjugate of P with respect to A and B. Point R and the line through P can be selected arbitrarily, determining C and D. Drawing AC and BD produces the intersection Q, and RQ then yields V.

Suppose A and B are given sets and  is the collection of binary relations between A and B. Composition of relations is always defined when A = B, but otherwise a ternary composition can be defined by  where  is the converse relation of q. Properties of this ternary relation have been used to set the axioms for a heap.

In Boolean algebra,  defines the formula .

Computer science

In computer science, a ternary operator is an operator that takes three arguments (or operands). The arguments and result can be of different types. Many programming languages that use C-like syntax feature a ternary operator, ?:, which defines a conditional expression. In some languages, this operator is referred to as the conditional operator.

In Python, the ternary conditional operator reads x if C else y. Python also supports ternary operations called array slicing, e.g. a[b:c] return an array where the first element is a[b] and last element is a[c-1]. OCaml expressions provide ternary operations against records, arrays, and strings: a.[b]<-c would mean the string a where index b has value c.

The multiply–accumulate operation is another ternary operator.

Another example of a ternary operator is between, as used in SQL.

The Icon programming language has a "to-by" ternary operator: the expression 1 to 10 by 2 generates the odd integers from 1 through 9.

In Excel formulae, the form is =if(C, x, y).

See also
 Median algebra or Majority function
 Ternary conditional operator for a list of ternary operators in computer programming languages
 Ternary Exclusive or
 Ternary equivalence relation

References

External links

Ternary operation


The Kingdom of Pajang or Sultanate of Pajang (كسلطانن ڤاجڠ ;1586–1568) was a short-lived Muslim state in Java. It was established by Hadiwijaya or Jaka Tingkir, Lord of Boyolali, after a civil war and was a successor to Sultanate of Demak. Hadiwijaya claimed to be a descendant of Brawijaya V, the last king of the Majapahit empire, and Trenggana, the sultan of Demak.

Pajang is based in Central Java as a continuation of the Demak Sultanate. The palace complex at this time only remains in the form of the boundaries of its foundations which are on the border of  - Surakarta and , Kartasura, Sukoharjo.

In the last battle against the last claimant of Demak, the vicious Arya Penangsang, Jaka Tingkir commissioned his greatest vassal, Ki Ageng Pamanahan, and his son, Sutawijaya, to destroy Arya Penangsang's army. The two managed to defeat and kill Arya Penangsang and were thus awarded a fief in a forest called Alas Mentaok, now Kotagede, on which they founded their base for the future capital of Mataram Kingdom.

Legend says King Hadiwijaya was so fond of Sutawijaya, he adopted him as the playmate of his heir, Prince Banawa. Hadiwijaya's rule was supposed to be succeeded by this weak-minded heir, but a rebellion by a vassal named Ario Pangiri forced the prince to seek asylum from his childhood friend Sutawijaya.

Pledged to help, Sutawijaya gathered his army and defeated Ario Pangiri and seized the Pajang Palace. Prince Banawa then submitted his crown to Sutawijaya and thus ended the Kingdom of Pajang in 1586, when Sutawijaya founded the greatest Islamic kingdom in Java: Mataram Sultanate.

Origin
The name of the land of Pajang has been known since the time of the Majapahit Empire. According to Nagarakretagama, written in 1365, at that time the younger sister of Hayam Wuruk (the king of Majapahit at that time) whose real name was Dyah Nertaja served as the ruler of Pajang, had the title Bhatara i Pajang, or abbreviated as Bhre Pajang. Dyah Nertaja is the mother of Wikramawardhana (the heir of Majapahit at the time).

Based on the babad scripts, the  country is called the forerunner of Pajang. The legendary folklore mentions that Pengging was an ancient kingdom that was once led by Prabu Anglingdriya, the arch enemy of Prabu Baka, the king of Prambanan. This story is with the fairy tale of the founding of the Prambanan Temple.

When Majapahit was led by  (the last king written in the babad texts), that name Pengging reappeared. It is said that 's daughter, Retno Ayu Pembayun, was kidnapped by Menak Daliputih, the king of Blambangan, the son of Menak Jingga. A hero named Jaka Sengara appears who manages to seize the princess and kill the kidnapper.

For his services, Jaka Sengara was appointed by  as the Pengging regent (bupati) and married Retno Ayu Pembayun. He then was given the title Andayaningrat.

Early history
The Kingdom of Panjang is seen as the first kingdom that emerged in the interior of Java after the collapse of the Muslim kingdom in the Pasisir, or the northern coastal region of Java.

According to the babad scripts, Andayaningrat died at the hands of  during the war between the Majapahit Empire and the Demak Sultanate. He was later replaced by his son, whose name was Raden Kebo Kenanga, with the title Ki Ageng Pengging. Since then Pengging has been the subordinate area of the Demak Kingdom.

Several years later Ki Ageng Pengging was sentenced to death because he was accused of trying to rebel against the Demak Sultanate. His son, who had the title Jaka Tingkir, when he was an adult, actually served Demak.

Jaka Tingkir's brilliant achievements in the army made him appointed as Trenggana's son-in-law, and became the regent (bupati) of Pajang with the title Hadiwijaya. The Pajang area at that time covered the Pengging area (now roughly covering Boyolali and Klaten), Tingkir (the Salatiga area), Butuh, and its surroundings.

After the death of Trenggana in 1546, then  took the throne. However, Sultan Prawata was killed by his cousin, Arya Penangsang, the regent (bupati) of Jipang in 1547. After that, Arya Penangsang tried to kill Hadiwijaya but failed.

With the support of Ratu Kalinyamat (the regent (bupati) of Jepara and daughter of Trenggana), Hadiwijaya and his followers succeeded in defeating Arya Penangsang. Hadiwijaya then seized the throne of Demak and founded the Kingdom of Pajang.

See also
The spread of Islam in Indonesia (1200 to 1600)
List of monarchs of Java

Further reading
Pigeaud, T.G.T. and De Graaf, H.J. (1976). Islamic States in Java 1500-1700. Brill.

Ricklefs, M.C. (2008). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

External links
 A look on former Capital of Mataram

Precolonial states of Indonesia
Islamic states in Indonesia
Former sultanates

Kingdom of Pajang


Marty Symes (1904–1953) was an American lyricist.

Symes was born in Brooklyn New York in 1904. His first significant collaborator was composer Jerry Livingston. In 1932 they wrote "Darkness on the Delta", which became a hit for Mildred Bailey. The next year the Casa Loma Orchestra recorded their "Under a Blanket of Blue" and "It's the Talk of the Town", both co-written with Al J. Neiburg.

In 1936, Symes wrote the lyrics for Isham Jones's hit "There Is No Greater Love". It has been recorded by Guy Lombardo, Billie Holiday, Al Hibbler and many other artists and is considered a jazz standard.

Nino Rota used Symes's "I Have But One Heart", composed by Johnny Farrow, in the 1972 film The Godfather.

Symes died in Forest Hills, New York in 1953.

References

External links

American lyricists
1904 births
1953 deaths
Musicians from Brooklyn
20th-century American musicians
Songwriters from New York (state)

Marty Symes


Enamel hypocalcification is a defect of tooth enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Some areas in enamel are hypocalcified: enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae.

Causal factors may occur locally, affecting only a single tooth, or they may act systemically, affecting all teeth in which enamel is being formed. Local trauma or abscess formation can adversely affect the ameloblasts overlying a developing crown, resulting in enamel hypocalcification or hypoplasia. Affected teeth may have areas of coronal discoloration, or they
may have actual pits and irregularities. This is most commonly seen in permanent teeth in which the overlying deciduous tooth becomes abscessed or is physically forced into the enamel organ of the permanent tooth. The resulting hypoplastic or hypocalcified permanent tooth is sometimes known as Turner's tooth.

References

Dental enamel
Developmental tooth pathology

Enamel hypocalcification


Zen Mountain Monastery (or, Doshinji, meaning Temple of the Way of Reality) is a Zen Buddhist monastery and training center on a  forested property in the Catskill Mountains in Mount Tremper, New York. It was founded in 1980 by John Daido Loori originally as the Zen Arts Center. It combines the Rinzai and Sōtō Zen traditions, in both of which Loori received Dharma transmission. Loori's first dharma heir was Bonnie Myotai Treace, Sensei, who received shiho, or dharma transmission, from him in 1996. From Loori's death in October 2009 until January 2015, Zen Mountain Monastery had two teachers: Geoffrey Shugen Arnold and Konrad Ryushin Marchaj, who received Dharma transmission from Loori in 1997 and 2009, respectively. Since January 2015, the training at the Monastery has been led by Shugen Roshi, assisted by Ron Hogen Green, Sensei; Jody Hojin Kimmel, Sensei; and Vanessa Zuisei Goddard, Sensei (currently on leave).

Retreat center building
The monastery was originally built as Camp Wapanachki in the 1930s.  The massive Arts and Crafts style stone and wood frame former retreat house and chapel was built in two phases between about 1935 and 1938.  The four story "main house" is the earliest section. It contains living spaces, libraries, a small cellar and a large kitchen.  The later section is built of bluestone and contains a dining hall and chapel.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Training
Students and residents of the monastery practice according to Daido Roshi's Eight Gates of Zen training matrix. These gates consist of zazen, face-to-face teaching, liturgy, moral and ethical teachings, work practice, body practice, art practice and academic study. Their practice occurs either at home for lay students or at the monastery during weekend retreats and monthly week-long sesshin (meditation intensives). The monastery's schedule includes a Sunday morning program open to the general public and a variety of weekend and week-long Zen training programs, focusing variously on painting, poetry, shakuhachi performance, Japanese archery (kyūdō), qigong, and many other activities.

The monastery grounds are also home to the Zen Environmental Studies Institute and Dharma Communications, which runs The Monastery Store and publishes Mountain Record: The Zen Practitioner's Journal and other print, audio, video and online information resources.

In addition to supporting the lay community, ZMM is home to a number of monastic practitioners. These individuals have taken life vows of simplicity, selflessness, stability, service and accomplishing the Buddha's Way. As a result, they do not work outside the monastery, earn money, or have children.  As the Mountain Record states: "Monastics in the order are entirely dependent on the sangha while maintaining the Monastery for current practitioners and sustaining it for generations to come."

Mountains and Rivers Order
ZMM is the main house of the Mountains and Rivers Order, an umbrella organization inspired by the teachings of Dogen as found in the Mountains and Rivers Sutra. Founded by John Daido Loori in 1980, it includes the following branches:
 Dharma Communications is a nonprofit, right livelihood training dojo run at the monastery, and supplies teacher's talks and sitting supplies to home dwelling practitioners. It also creates the Mountain Record the longest running Zen journal published in the USA.
 Society of Mountains and Rivers is composed of affiliate sitting groups in Buffalo, Albany, Philadelphia, Vermont and New Zealand, which hold weekly sitting sessions and visits from the teachers of the Order.
 National Buddhist Archives which collects and digitizes outstanding documents and media chronicling the history of Buddhism in America thus far, and especially the history of Zen Mountain Monastery.
 The Zen Environmental Studies Institute sponsors and conducts wilderness retreats, environmental mindfulness workshops, and pursues research on the local environment.
 National Buddhist Prison Sangha provides teaching supplies and sitting opportunities to inmates currently serving in a correctional facility.
 Fire Lotus Temple, is the only residential Zen training facility in New York City, offering training opportunities to lay practitioners on a daily basis, along with Saturday retreats and a Sunday program similar to that held at ZMM.

Gallery

See also

Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States

References

External links

Mountains and Rivers Order of Zen Buddhism
PBS Special featuring ZMM teachers and residents
New York Times review
Video of Annual Community Dana Dinner
Chronogram article on National Buddhist Prison Sangha

Buddhist monasteries in the United States
Zen centers in New York (state)
Buddhist temples in New York (state)
White Plum Asanga
Zen Buddhist monasteries
National Register of Historic Places in Ulster County, New York
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1935
Religious buildings and structures in Ulster County, New York

Zen Mountain Monastery


StarCraft is a real-time strategy game for the PC. It was created in 1998 by Blizzard Entertainment. Starcraft is 14 years old and is still played by many people, in many countries around the world. It is very popular in countries like Korea and the United States.

StarCraft and its expansion pack StarCraft: Brood War sold more than 1.5 million copies in 1998, making it the best selling game of the year.  In 1998, StarCraft won an Origins Award for best computer game.

On May 19, 2007 Blizzard announced that they are making StarCraft II. Also, they have held some events for South Korean StarCraft pro-gamers to help them create the game.

Plot

The story is set in the future, where humans (called Terrans) get stuck in a war between two alien species, the Zerg and the Protoss. The Zerg look like monsters, and are all controlled by a very powerful Zerg called the Overmind. They fly around the universe and invade planets. The Protoss, who have very advanced technology, look for the planets that the Zerg have taken over. When they find a Zerg planet, they burn it so that the Zerg on that planet cannot spread to others. In the original series human protagonist Jim Raynor and several Protoss allies attack and defeat the Overmind. In Starcraft: Brood War Jim's ex-partner Sarah Kerrigan uses deceit and trickery to manipulate the Terran and Protoss into helping her take control of the entire Zerg brood, making her the strongest force in the galaxy.

Gameplay

StarCraft players can choose to play as Protoss, Zerg, or Terran races. Each race has different soldiers and buildings. Players can choose to play one-player or multiplayer games. In both, the player must gather resources, and use them to build a base and make soldiers to attack the enemy. The player wins when they destroy all the enemies buildings.

In one-player mode, there is the Campaign mode, and Custom mode. In Campaign mode, the player goes through a series of missions, which tell the story. Custom mode lets a player choose what race they want to be, what area they want to play on, and what race they will fight against (all enemies are controlled by the computer).

During a game, the player must use workers to gather minerals and vespene gas. Minerals appear as blue crystals in the ground and vespene gas comes from a geyser that has green smoke coming out of it. To gather vespene gas, the player needs to build a refinery building to be built on the geyser. The player uses minerals and vespene gas they have gathered to construct buildings and create units to fight the enemy. Buildings are structures that are used to create different kinds of units to fight the enemy. In order to create units, players must build special structures or units that provide supply. If the player does not have enough supply, they cannot create more units. Each player has a supply limit of 200 units. When the player has reached 200 units, they can not make more units.

There are many different buildings the player can construct. Most of the buildings are used to build units. There are other buildings that are used for research to upgrade units, making them more powerful. Players can also make defensive buildings that are used to defend against attacking enemy units.

Each race have different types of units. The Protoss have powerful warriors and machinery that cost lots of minerals and gas to build. The Zerg use many fast and low cost units to defeat their enemies. Terran units mix between Protoss and Zerg units. They have strong, but easy to kill units that are powerful when used in formation. No race in StarCraft is more powerful than another race. Blizzard has released many small updates to the game that keep all the races balanced.

To win, players must gather and use resources wisely, and use smart strategies. To become very skilled at the game, players also need to become good at micromanagement and macromanagement. Macromanagement means collecting resources, building new bases, and making units to fight. Micromanagement means moving units so they can use their abilities to protect each other and fight the enemy. Players with better micromanagement will win fights against enemies who are not as good at micromanagement. This makes StarCraft different from many newer games, because the newer games often do much of the micromanagement without the player having to do it.

StarCraft in South Korea
StarCraft is especially popular in South Korea. In Korea, StarCraft sold 4.5 million copies, which is 40% of the total copies sold in the world.  Also, there are many pro gamers and pro gaming teams, so StarCraft games are broadcasted on TV and the internet.  The game was sold in Korea by LG Soft. Even though the game wasn't translated into Korean, it was still very popular. This problem was solved in 2005, with a new update to StarCraft.

References

Other websites
 StarCraft website
 Brood War website
 StarCraft Compendium
 StarCraft News
 News about StarCraft and StarCraft II
 StarCraft 2 Forum  is a place where StarCraft 2 enthusiasts can gather and discuss all aspects of StarCraft 2.
 starcraft 2 replays

1998 video games
Real-time strategy video games
StarCraft
Windows games
MacOS games

StarCraft


Joshua Tyler Kluttz (born May 4, 1984) is an American retired professional wrestler and former professional wrestling referee. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, where he performed under the ring name Brad Maddox.

From 2008 to 2012, Maddox was assigned to WWE's developmental territories Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) and Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), where he held the OVW Heavyweight Championship and OVW Television Championship once each and the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship twice with different partners. He served as the General Manager of Raw in storyline from July 2013 to May 2014, before being released in November 2015.

Professional wrestling career

World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE (2008-2015)

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2008–2010)
Kluttz debuted on April 2, 2008, on the OVW tapings teaming up with Galvin Garrison against Dewey and Adam Revolver, which they lost, he used the name Brent Wellington. He won his first match on October 1, 2008, in an Eight-Man Tag Team match, alongside Galvin Garrison and Moose, they called themselves Theta Lambda Psi. On December 24, 2008, Kluttz had a title match for the OVW Heavyweight Championship against Aaron "The Idol" Stevens, which he lost.

After he was defeated, he adopted the nickname "Beef" and changed his gimmick to that of a necrophiliac. He had his first match under his new name at OVW Tapings January 14, 2009, winning with his Theta Lambda Psi team against Ted McNaler and Adam Revolver which they won. The Theta Lambda Psi Tag team was split in April 2009 where Kluttz first won a match against Moose then lost one where he was hit with a paddle. On July 26, 2009, he competed for the OVW Television Championship against Jamin Olivencia, he won the match to win his first Championship. His reign lasted 45 days when he was defeated by his former Theta Lambda Psi mate Moose at the OVW Tapings on September 9, 2009. On 27 February 2010 Kluttz won the vacant OVW Heavyweight Championship by winning a Battle Royal. His reign lasted 90 days when he lost the title on 29 May 2010 to Mike Mondo. In mid-2010 it was reported that Kluttz had signed a development contract with WWE.

Florida Championship Wrestling (2010–2012)
Kluttz was renamed Brad Maddox and debuted for Florida Championship Wrestling at a live show on August 5, 2010, losing to Tyler Reks. His TV debut was on November 4, 2010, losing to Tito Colon. He won his first match on the July 1, 2011 episode of FCW against Percy Watson and Richie Steamboat. On 22 September edition of FCW Maddox defeated Briley Pierce, three weeks later at the 13 October edition of FCW they built a Tag Team and competed for the FCW Florida Tag Team Championship against CJ Parker and Donny Marlow, which they lost. On the November 3 tapings for FCW he won the Tag Team titles with Briley Pierce. On the February 2 tapings they lost their titles due to an injury of Pierce. Maddox tried to regain the vacant title with Eli Cottonwood, but they lost to Bo Rotundo and Husky Harris.  On the March 4 edition of FCW Maddox was the first signed to Summer Rae´s "organization", and she was at ringside when he was defeated by Seth Rollins.

On June 21, 2012, he won the FCW Jack Brisco 15 Championship from Richie Steamboat. While holding the FCW 15 Championship, he won the Florida Tag Team Championship with Rick Victor on July 28, 2012. He became the final holder for both titles, as all of FCW's championships were retired when the territory was rebranded as NXT Wrestling.

Main roster referee (2012–2013)
Maddox was promoted to the main roster as a referee in August 2012, debuting on the August 20 episode of Raw when he refereed a Divas Battle Royal. On October 28 at the Hell in a Cell pay-per-view, Maddox refereed the main event, a Hell in a Cell match between CM Punk and Ryback for the WWE Championship. As Ryback was about to win the match, Maddox gave Ryback a low blow and proceeded to fast-count a pin for Punk, resulting in Punk retaining his title thus turned Maddox heel. Maddox explained his actions on the November 5 episode of Raw. He claimed that he was not working for Punk but his actions were self-motivated. Maddox revealed his lifelong dream of becoming a WWE wrestler, but WWE continually rejected him, so he took up the chance to be a referee and attacked Ryback to make a name for himself to earn a contract to become a WWE wrestler. WWE Chairman Vince McMahon then granted Maddox's request at a match against Ryback, while offering a million dollar contract if Maddox won. The next week, Maddox faced Ryback, who soundly defeated him and threw him into an ambulance.

Maddox returned in December 2012, now accompanied by his personal cameraman, Carson, and claiming to be a "YouTube sensation". Raw Managing Supervisor Vickie Guerrero offered Maddox a contract if he could defeat Randy Orton, but Orton prevailed. Orton was attacked by the Shield after the match. Similar to Maddox, the Shield had earlier aided Punk by attacking Ryback during the duo's WWE Championship match at Survivor Series to ensure Punk's retention of his title and also denied an alliance with Punk. Maddox then took his pleas to SmackDown General Manager Booker T, who thrice granted him opportunities to earn a contract if he could defeat Brodus Clay, The Great Khali, and Sheamus, but Maddox lost all three matches.  On the January 28 episode of Raw, via camera footage taken by Maddox's cameraman, it was revealed that Maddox, as well as the Shield, had been working for Punk's manager Paul Heyman all along, although Punk did not appear in the footage and claimed that Heyman had acted independently of him and without his knowledge. Heyman had also instructed the Shield to attack Maddox. The next week on Raw, Maddox revealed he turned in Carson's footage to Vince McMahon and proceeded to call out the Shield, telling them that "justice awaits you". The Shield answered his challenge by brutally attacking him until John Cena, Sheamus, and Ryback interfered.

Raw General Manager (2013–2015)

On the February 18 episode of Raw, Maddox was rewarded the position of Assistant Raw Managing Supervisor by Vickie Guerrero after revealing that Paul Heyman and CM Punk were working with The Shield. On the April 24 episode of NXT, Maddox challenged Big E Langston for the NXT Championship but was quickly defeated. On the July 8 episode of Raw, after Guerrero was fired as Raw Managing Supervisor when the fans voted that she failed in her role, Maddox was appointed as the new general manager of Raw.

After allowing John Cena to choose Daniel Bryan as his opponent at SummerSlam, Maddox was entwined between Mr. McMahon and Triple H. On the August 12 episode of Raw, Maddox was the special guest referee in the match between Bryan and Wade Barrett, where he gave Barrett the victory after a fast count. Following this, Maddox announced himself as the guest referee in Bryan's match at SummerSlam, only for Triple H to come out and announce he would referee the match instead before giving Maddox a Pedigree.

Maddox then formed an alliance with Randy Orton, where he placed Orton's rivals, Dolph Ziggler and Big Show, in handicap matches against The Shield. Maddox continued to have tension with Big Show, who, after refusing to listen to Maddox's orders at Battleground, resulted in Big Show's firing by Stephanie McMahon on the following night's Raw. Later that week on SmackDown, Maddox was knocked out by Big Show, after interrupting him, suffering a concussion in the storyline.

Maddox returned on the November 11 episode of Raw, where he asserted his authority to Randy Orton, only to be interrupted by the director of operations Kane and Vickie Guerrero. The next week on Raw, Maddox was placed in a No Disqualification match against Orton by Triple H; Orton won the match via referee stoppage after Maddox lost consciousness in the storyline and was carried out on a stretcher after getting punched with a microphone 17 times. Following this, Maddox began to compete with Kane to gain favor of The Authority over who ran Raw better before forming an alliance with Kane, aiding him in his feud with CM Punk.

At WrestleMania XXX on April 6, 2014, Maddox participated in the Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal and was quickly eliminated by Cody Rhodes and The Great Khali. On the April 25 episode of SmackDown, Maddox took over as general manager for the night, where he was attacked by The Shield. On the May 19 episode of Raw, Maddox defied the orders of Triple H of not allowing any member of The Shield at ringside, by making Dean Ambrose and Roman Reigns guest commentators. The following week on Raw, Maddox was relieved of his duties as Raw General Manager by The Authority, before being attacked by Kane. Maddox was absent from WWE television for the remainder of 2014, mainly working house shows.

Maddox returned on the April 6, 2015, episode of Raw in a backstage segment with Kane, before being interrupted by Seth Rollins. In August, Maddox began teaming with Adam Rose during live events, calling themselves "Beef Mode", where they lost to Damien Sandow and Curtis Axel. Later that month, Maddox performed under two different names during dark matches, Joshua Kingsley on August 11 and Lord Ruffles on August 23, losing both matches against Zack Ryder. On the November 17 episode of Main Event, Maddox made his televised return, teaming up with Adam Rose in a losing effort against The Usos.

On November 25, Maddox was officially released by WWE after referring to the audience as "cocky pricks" during a dark match.

He made an appearance in 2016 for the independents wrestling his last match.

Personal life
Kluttz has been married to a woman named Ryan for almost 15 years, and together they have two children and live in South Carolina.

Other media
On November 11, 2015, Maddox appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. He appeared in a turkey costume in a segment with The Undertaker, in which Undertaker gave Maddox a Tombstone Piledriver.

He appeared in video games such as WWE 2K15 as an NPC and  WWE 2K16, where he can be made a playable wrestler through the Superstar Faces creation mode on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 ports of the game.

Championships and accomplishments
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Jack Brisco 15 Championship  (1 time)
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Briley Pierce (1) and Rick Victor (1)
Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
OVW Television Championship (1 time)

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina
American male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from South Carolina
Professional wrestling referees
21st-century professional wrestlers
OVW Heavyweight Champions
FCW Jack Brisco 15 Champions
FCW Florida Tag Team Champions

Brad Maddox


Thomas Davies (c. 1713 – 1785) was a Scottish bookseller and author. He studied at the University of Edinburgh and was for some years on the stage; but having been ridiculed by Churchill in The Rosciad he gave up acting and opened a bookshop in Covent Garden. It was here that in 1763 he introduced Boswell to Dr. Johnson, who was his close friend and to whom he dedicated his edition of the works of Massinger. He wrote a successful Life of Garrick (1780), which passed through four editions, and Dramatic Miscellanies (three volumes, 1783–4).

Life
He was born about 1713, and was educated at the University of Edinburgh (1728 and 1729). In 1736 he appeared in George Lillo's Fatal Curiosity at the Haymarket, then under Henry Fielding's management. He then tried bookselling, but failed and returned to the stage. On 24 January 1746 he attempted the part of Pierre in Venice Preserved, which was performed for his benefit at Covent Garden. He next became a travelling actor, and married the daughter of an actor at York, named Yarrow.

Davies performed at Edinburgh, where he was accused of monopolising popular parts, and then at Dublin. In 1753 he was engaged with his wife at Drury Lane, with some success as understudies. In 1761 appeared Churchill's Rosciad, in which the line "He mouths a sentence as curs mouth a bone" which, according to Samuel Johnson, drove Davies from the stage. Davies apparently left the stage in 1762, when he again set up as a bookseller at 8 Russell Street, Covent Garden. Here in 1763 he introduced James Boswell (who had been introduced to him by Samuel Derrick) to Johnson.

Davies was a member of a booksellers' club which met at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, and then at the Grecian Coffee-house, where he used to read parts of his Life of Garrick and where Johnson's Lives of the Poets was suggested. Davies died on 5 May 1785, and was buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden. Johnson punished him for an indiscretion by observing contemptuously that Jonathan Swift's Conduct of the Allies might have been written by Tom Davies, but in two letters written at the end of his life expressed his gratitude for the care of Davies and his wife.

Publisher

Davies republished the works of authors including William Browne (1772), Sir John Davies (1773), John Eachard (1774), George Lillo (1775), and Philip Massinger, with some account of his life and writings prefixed (1779). In 1773 he published Miscellaneous and Fugitive Pieces, in two volumes, and advertised them as by the author of The Rambler. Johnson's writings, without authority, formed the bulk of this collection; but Johnson was disarmed by Davies's good-nature and professions of penitence.

In 1778 Davies became bankrupt, and Johnson exerted his influence on Davies's behalf, collected money to buy back his furniture, and induced Richard Brinsley Sheridan to give him a benefit at Drury Lane. Davies then appeared for the last time as Fainall in William Congreve's The Way of the World. Next year Davies dedicated his Massinger to Johnson. Johnson later encouraged Davies to write the life of Garrick, supplied the first sentence, and gave help with Garrick's early years. The book appeared in 1780, passed through four editions, and brought money and reputation to the author.

Encouraged by this success, he published in 1785 Dramatic Miscellanies, consisting of critical observations on several plays of Shakespeare, with a review of his principal characters and those of various eminent writers, as represented by Mr. Garrick and other celebrated comedians. With anecdotes of Dramatic Poets, Actors, &c., 3 vols., 1785. A second edition appeared the same year.

References

Attribution

External links

18th-century Scottish writers
18th-century Scottish male actors
18th-century British male actors
Scottish biographers
Scottish booksellers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1712 births
1785 deaths

Thomas Davies (bookseller)


Elips is an Armenian band formed in 1986. The first concert was held in March, 1986. The first members were:

Soon Vardan Mamikonyan left the group and Aram Petrosyan (Batya) became the drummer of the group. In a short period of time the group gained popularity in Armenia and gave numerous concerts. Already in summer 1986 "Elips" went on tours to Latvia, where they played together with a Riga group "Pilligrim". Simultaneously with the fame, the group gained the hatred of the Soviet party nomenclature and already in the end of the year 1986, it was prohibited and was announced as an anti-Soviet group. In spite of this fact the group went on giving underground concerts becoming more and more popular. Attitude of the soviet authorities led to the use of impudent (for that period of time) songs "Gorbachyov.....", "politbureau....", in lyrics of which the soviet authorities were criticized openly.

In 1987 simultaneously with changes many rock-festivals, rock-concerts were organized, the first rock-records appeared. "Elips" participated practically in all the festivals in Armenia, gave concerts in different Armenian regions. The stadiums were full of fans.

The creative activity of the group lasted till 1992, when its members went to war as volunteers to defend and liberate their homeland. During 1992-1994 "Elips" sometimes in the periods of war actions managed to give concerts and take part in few for that time festivals.

After the war the group went on with concerts, creative activities up to 1999, afterwards it was interrupted up to the year 2009. For that 20 and more years the group members were:

The repertoire of the group consists of more than 60 songs written and performed in the period of the years 1986-1999. The group plays in the style of hard rock.
The group took part in the following festivals:

The group gave concerts practically in all the regions of Armenia, went on tours to the republics of Baltic, Chechen – Ingushetia.
At present the group works on the album "Elips 20 years later".
Soon the presentation of DVD version of this album will be held.

External links

 Elips on MySpace
 YouTube

Armenian rock music groups
Armenian rock musicians
Soviet rock music groups

Elips


Jakob Adlung, or Adelung, (14 January 1699 – 5 July 1762) was a German organist, teacher, instrument maker, music historian, composer and music theorist.

Biography
He was born in Bindersleben, near Erfurt, to David Adlung, an organist and his first teacher, and the former Dorothea Elisabetha Meuerin, from Tondorf. He attended the St. Andreas lower school in Erfurt from 1711, moving on to the Erfurt Gymnasium in 1713, during which time he lived in the household of Christian Reichardt, who also taught him organ. He studied philosophy, philology, and theology at the University of Jena from 1723 to 1726, where he studied the organ further with Johann Nikolaus Bach. At this time, he became friends with Johann Gottfried Walther in Weimar, and borrowed his works on music theory; he later wrote some books on the subject, most of which were destroyed, along with his house, in a fire in 1736. He returned to Erfurt in 1737 where he succeeded Johann Heinrich Buttstedt as organist of the Prediger church after the former's death, a post he retained for the rest of his life. He was also professor of languages at the Erfurt Gymnasium and taught, by his own estimate, 218 organ students and 284 language students between 1728 and 1762. He was also a maker of keyboard instruments, and completed sixteen of the same. He married Elisabeth Ritter in 1732, who was the daughter of the mayor of Gross-Wanzleben, near Magdeburg.

Work
He is one of a group of excellent scholar-musicians of the mid-18th century, along with Johann Mattheson, Lorenz Christoph Mizler, and Johann Gottfried Walther, who all wrote important and comprehensive studies of the theory, aesthetics, and practice of music; their works are rich and still partly untapped sources of information today, particularly about baroque music and performance practice.

Anleitung zu der musikalischen Gelahrtheit records and collates all knowledge he could find about music history, mathematics in relation to music, temperament, more about the organ, other musical instruments, singing, thoroughbass, the chorale and chorale preludes, improvisation, Italian tablature, and composition. As a composer, he predominantly wrote pieces for organ. According to Adlung, it was Andreas Werckmeister who introduced the Equal Temperament in Germany at the end of the 17th century.

Organ works
- Ermuntre dich, mein schwacher Geist
- Christus, der ist mein Lebe
- Herr Christ, der einig Gottessohn
- Trio in a-minor

Writings
His autobiography is in the 'Vorrede' of part II of Musica mechanica organoedi.

Musica mechanica organoedi, 1726 (Berlin, 1768); a modern edition by C. Mahrenholz (Kassel, 1931; English translation  by Quentin Faulkner, Lincoln, NE, 2011) - effectively a comprehensive organ builder's encyclopedia, with descriptions of more than 80 German organs. The edition made by J.L. Albrecht and J.F. Agricola provides an insight into Johann Sebastian Bach's opinions on organ building and design through the editorial notes, drawn from their student-teacher relationship.
Anleitung zu der musikalischen Gelahrtheit (Erfurt, 1758, 1783)
Musikalisches Siebengestirn, das ist Sieben zu der edlen Tonkunst gehörige Fragen (Berlin, 1768)

References

Sources
George J. Buelow/Quentin Faulkner: 'Adlung [Adelung], Jakob', Grove Music Online  ed. L. Macy (Accessed 2007-06-13)

External links

1699 births
1762 deaths
German Baroque composers
German classical organists
German male organists
German music historians
German music theorists
German musical instrument makers
German philologists
Harpsichord makers
German male non-fiction writers
18th-century keyboardists
18th-century classical composers
German male classical composers
18th-century German composers
18th-century German male musicians
German classical composers
Male classical organists

Jakob Adlung


Amplitudo nyaéta gedé-leutikna atawa saeutik-lobana parobahan dina variabel nu ngarandapan osilasi (ayun ambing atawa puteran atawa kukurilingan) dina hiji sistem osilasi. Contona, gelombang sora mangrupa osilasi-osilasi dina tekenan atmosfir sarta amplitudona proporsional jeung parobahan dina tekenan salila osilasi. Lamun grafik sistem kasebut digambar kalayan variabel nu ngarandapan osilasi minangka sumbu vértikal sarta waktu minangka sumbu horizontal mangka amplitudo dimaksud bisa diukur sabagé jarak antara titik-titik dina kurva.

Konsép amplitudo

Amplitudo puncak-ka-puncak
Amplitudo puncak-ka-puncak dipaké keur ngukur amplitudo ti punclut luhur tepi ka punclut panghandapna. Amplitudo puncak-ka-puncak bisa diukur maké meteran ku rangkéan nu cocog, atawa ku cara nempo wangun gelombangna dina osiloskop.

Amplitudo Root Mean Square
Root mean square(RMS) amplitude is used especially in electrical engineering: the RMS is defined as the square root of the mean over time of the square of the vertical distance of the graph from the rest state.

Ambiguitas amplitudo
The use of péak amplitude is simple and unambiguous for symmetric, periodic waves, like a sine wave, a square wave, or a triangular wave. For an asymmetric wave (periodic pulses in one direction, for example), the péak amplitude becomes ambiguous because the value obtained is different depending on whether the maximum positive signal is méasured relative to the méan, the maximum negative signal is méasured relative to the méan, or the maximum positive signal is méasured relative the maximum negative signal (the péak-to-péak amplitude) and then divided by two.

For complex waveforms, especially non-repéating signals like noise, the RMS amplitude is usually used because it is unambiguous and because it has physical significance. For example, the average power transmitted by an acoustic or electromagnetic wave or by an electrical signal is proportional to the square of the RMS amplitude (and not, in general, to the square of the péak amplitude).

When déaling with alternating current electrical power it is universal to specify RMS values of a sinusoidal waveform. It is important to recognize that the péak-to-péak voltage is néarly 3 times the RMS value when assessing safety, specifying components, etc.

Amplitudo pulsa

In telecommunication, pulse amplitude is the magnitude of a pulse paraméter, such as the field intensity, voltage level, current level, or power level.

Catetan 1: Pulse amplitude is méasured with respect to a specified reference and therefore should be modified by qualifiers, such as "average", "instantaneous", "peak", or "root-mean-square."

Catetan 2: Pulse amplitude also applies to the amplitude of frequency- and phase-modulated waveform envelopes.

Sumber: ti Federal Standard 1037C

Amplitudo dina sasaruaan gelombang

Dina sasaruaan gelombang

A nyaéta amplitudo gelombang.

Hijian

Hijian amplitudo gumantung kana jenis gelombangna.

For waves on a string, or in medium such as water, the amplitude is a displacement.

The amplitude of sound waves and audio signals (also referred to as Volume) conventionally refers to the amplitude of the air pressure in the wave, but sometimes the amplitude of the displacement (movements of the air or the diaphragm of a speaker) is described. The logarithm of the amplitude squared is usually quoted in dB, so a null amplitude corresponds to -∞ dB. Loudness is related to amplitude and intensity and is one of most salient qualities of a sound, although in general sounds can be recognized independently of amplitude. The square of the amplitude is proportional to the intensity of the wave.

For electromagnetic radiation, the amplitude of a photon corresponds to the changes in the electric field of the wave. However radio signals may be carried by electromagnetic radiation; the intensity of the radiation (amplitude modulation) or the frequency of the radiation (frequency modulation) is oscillated and then the individual oscillations are varied (modulated) to produce the signal.

Wangun gelombang jeung amplitudo

The amplitude may be constant (in which case the wave is a continuous wave) or may vary with time and/or position. The form of the variation of amplitude is called the envelope of the wave.

If the waveform is a pure sine wave, the relationships between péak-to-péak, péak, méan, and RMS amplitudes are fixed and known, but this is not true for an arbitrary waveform which may or may not be periodic.

For a sine wave the relationship between RMS and péak-to-péak amplitude is:

Rujukan
 Exoplanets by Urial A. Goldvais  downloaded 2008/03/31

Tempo ogé

 Gelombang jeung sipat-sipatna:
 Frékuénsi
 Perioda
 Panjang gelombang
 Modulasi amplitudo

Kuantitas fisika
Konsép fisika dasar

Amplitudo


The Simplon Valley or Divedro Valley (German: Simplontal, Italian: Val Divedro) is a valley of the Alps, situated between the Pennine and the Lepontine ranges. The valley is drained by the Diveria or Chrummbach, a tributary of the Toce at Crevoladossola. The Simplon Valley is the only valley of Valais located south of the main chain of the Alps.

The highest mountains in the valley are the Weissmies (4,017 m), the Lagginhorn (4,010 m) and the Fletschhorn (3,993 m), all in the Pennine Alps. On the other side (Lepontine Alps), the highest summit is Monte Leone (3,553 m). The most important pass in the valley is the Simplon, connecting Brig to Domodossola.

The valley is politically divided between Switzerland and Italy. The upper western part belongs to the Swiss canton of Valais and the lower eastern part belongs to the Italian region of Piedmont. The international border runs from the Camoscellahorn to Monte Leone, reaching an altitude of 800 metres at valley floor.

The main localities are Simplon, Gondo (Switzerland), Iselle, Trasquera and Varzo (Italy).

References

Valleys of the Alps
Valleys of Switzerland
Valleys of Italy
Lepontine Alps

Simplon Valley


Richard Alan Andersen (born October 27, 1950) is an American neuroscientist. He is the James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. His research focuses on visual physiology with an emphasis on translational research to humans in the field of neuroprosthetics, brain-computer interfaces, and cortical repair.

Biography
Andersen was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania, on October 27, 1950. He received his undergraduate degree in biochemistry at the University of California, Davis, in 1973, working in the laboratory of Prof. Robert Scobey over two summers. Andersen then received his PhD in physiology under the mentorship of Prof. Michael Merzenich from the University of California, San Francisco, in 1979.  He completed a postdoctoral fellowship with Prof. Vernon Mountcastle at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1981.  After serving as an assistant and associate professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California and an adjunct associate professor at the University of California, San Diego, he moved to MIT, first as an associate and later as a full professor in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science. In 1993 he moved to Caltech to join the Division of Biology.

Andersen, an author of over 200 scientific publications, is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies as well as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, AAAS and the Neuroscience Research Program in La Jolla, California, and he holds several patents in the area of biotechnology.  He has served as principal or co-investigator on dozens of grants, raising millions of dollars for basic and applied research in the visual neurosciences.  Andersen has served as the director of Caltech's Sloan-Schwartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology and MIT's McDonnell-Pew Center for Cognitive Neuroscience as well as serving on numerous advisory and editorial boards.  He has delivered numerous named lectureships and has served as a visiting professor at the Collège de France.

Awards he has received have included the McKnight Neuroscience Brain Disorders Award, NASA Tech Brief Award, the McKnight Technical Innovation in Neuroscience Award, the Spencer Award from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons and the McKnight Foundation Scholars Award. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002.

Research
Early work centered on the discovery and elucidation of cortical gain fields, a general rule of multiplicative computation used by many areas of the cortex. Andersen and Zipser of UCSD developed one of the first neural network models of cortical function, which generated a mathematical basis for testing hypotheses based on laboratory findings. His research established that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is involved in forming movement intentions—the early and abstract plans for movement. Previously this part of the brain was thought only to function for spatial awareness and attention. His laboratory discovered the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in the PPC and established its role in eye movements.  He also discovered the parietal reach region, an area involved in forming early reach plans. His lab has also made a number of discoveries related to visual motion perception.  He established that the middle temporal area processes the perception of form from motion. He found that the perception of the direction of heading, important for navigation, is computed in the brain using both visual stimuli and eye movement signals. His lab has also determined how eye position and limb position signals are combined for eye-hand coordination.

In recent years he has extended his research to translational studies.  His group has established that the intention signals from the PPC can be used as control signals for neural prosthetics.  Neural prosthetics can assist paralyzed patients by recording their brain signals, interpreting them, and then allowing them to use these processed signals to control external, assistive devices such as robot limbs, computers or wheelchairs simply using by thinking about it. Another new direction the Andersen group is pursuing is the use of electrical stimulation for brain repair.

References

External links

Short biography of Andersen (Caltech)

American neuroscientists
1950 births
University of California, Davis alumni
University of California, San Francisco alumni
Johns Hopkins University fellows
University of California, San Diego faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
California Institute of Technology faculty
Living people
People from New Kensington, Pennsylvania
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the National Academy of Medicine

Richard A. Andersen (neuroscientist)


Imperial Earth is a science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, published in 1975 by Gollancz Books. The plot follows the protagonist, Duncan Makenzie, on a trip to Earth from his home on Titan, in large part as a diplomatic visit to the U.S. for its quincentennial in 2276, but also to have a clone of himself produced. The book was published in time for the U.S. bicentennial in 1976.

Plot summary

Duncan Makenzie is the latest generation of the 'first family' of Titan, a colonised moon of Saturn. Originally settled by his grandfather Malcolm Makenzie in the early 23rd century, Titan's economy has flourished based on the harvest and sale of hydrogen mined from the atmosphere, which is used to fuel the fusion engines of interplanetary spacecraft.

As the plot opens in 2276, a number of factors are combining to make a diplomatic visit to the 'mother world' of Earth a necessity. Firstly, the forthcoming 500th anniversary of US Independence, which is bringing in colonists from the entire Solar System, obviously needs a suitable representative from Titan. Secondly, the Makenzie family carry a fatal damaged gene that means any normal continuation of the family line is impossible—so both Duncan and his "father" Colin are clones of his "grandfather" Malcolm. Human cloning is a mature technology but is even at this time ethically controversial. And thirdly, technological advances in spacecraft drive systems — specifically the 'asymptotic drive' which improves the specific impulse and thrust by orders of magnitude — means that Titan's whole economy is under threat as the demand for hydrogen is about to collapse.

The human aspects of the tale center mainly on the intense infatuation (largely unrequited but not unconsummated) that the two main male characters, Duncan and Karl Helmer, develop for the vividly characterized Catherine Linden Ellerman (Calindy), a visitor to Titan from Earth in their youth, and its lifelong consequences.

A number of other sub-plots suggest some sort of greater mystery, but remain unexplored. The book ends with him returning home with his new "child" Malcolm (who is a clone of his dead friend Karl), leaving the other plot threads dangling.

Editions

The original UK hardcover edition () has the subtitle "A Fantasy of Love and Discord" and has 38 chapters and "Acknowledgments and Notes". The later US hardcover edition adds a quote from Ernest Hemingway, has 43 chapters, drops the subtitle, and expands the Acknowledgements and Notes. The later US paperback edition also features an "Additional Note" about a possible biological error in the plot.

See also
 Pentomino - A math game explained in the story

References

External links

1975 British novels
Novels by Arthur C. Clarke
1976 science fiction novels
Fiction set on Titan (moon)
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
Novels about cloning
Fiction set on Saturn
Hard science fiction
Fiction set in the 23rd century

Imperial Earth


Giovanni Tadolini  (18 October 1789 – 29 November 1872) was an Italian composer, conductor and singing instructor, who enjoyed a career that alternated between Bologna and Paris. Tadolini is probably best known for completing six sections of Rossini's 1833 version of the Stabat mater after the latter fell sick. However, he also composed eight operas as well as sinfonias, sonatas, chamber music, and numerous pieces of religious music and art songs.

Biography
Born in Bologna, he studied privately with Matteo Rubini (singing) and Stanislao Mattei (composition) at the Liceo Musicale (now the Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini) of his native city, before going to work at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris as a répétiteur and chorus master from 1811 to 1814. Following the occupation of Paris by the Russian and Austrian armies in 1814, he returned to Italy where over the next 15 years he wrote a series of operas and served as a conductor and chorus master for the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. He also became a member of Bologna's Accademia Filarmonica and maestro di cappella of St. Peter's Cathedral in the city.

In 1827, he married the soprano Eugenia Tadolini (née Savorani) who had been his student in Bologna. Tadolini returned to the Théâtre-Italien in 1829 with his wife, he as the director, and she as a singer in the company. The marriage ended in divorce in 1834. Following the divorce, Tadolini remained in his post at the Théâtre-Italien until 1839 when he returned definitively to Bologna.

Later in his life, he ran a singing school in Bologna, where he died in 1872.

Works
Operas
Le bestie in uomini (Venice, Teatro San Moisè, 1815; libretto by Angelo Anelli)
La fata Alcina (Venice, Teatro San Moisè, 1815)
La principessa di Navarra, ossia Il Gianni di Parigi (Bologna, Teatro Contavalli, 1816)
Il credulo deluso (Rome, Teatro Valle, 1817; libretto by Cesare Sterbini)
Tamerlano (Bologna, 1818; libretto after Agostino Piovene)
Moctar, gran visir di Adrianopoli (Bologna, Teatro Comunale, 1824; libretto by Luigi Romanelli)
Mitridate (Venice, La Fenice 1827; libretto by Gaetano Rossi)
Almanzor (Trieste, Teatro Grande, 1827; libretto by Felice Romani)

Art songs
La farfalla – voice and piano, text by Carlo Pepoli, dedicated to Marie Lutyens
La potenza d'amore – tenor voice, piano, and French horn, text by Carlo Pepoli
La fuga di Bianca Capello – bass voice and piano, text by Carlo Pepoli
Se la vita vuoi godere – tenor voice and piano

Notes and references

Sources
Ambìveri, Corrado, Operisti minori dell'800 italiano, Gremese Editore, 1998.
Ashbrook, William, Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense, Taddolini, Giovanni, Catalogo nazionale dei manoscritti musicali redatti fino al 1900. Accessed 23 October 2009 (in Italian).

Fétis, François-Joseph, "Tadolini, Giovanni", Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie génèrale de la musique, Volume 8, Firmin-Didot, 1865

Hubbard, W. L., "Tadolini, Giuseppe", The American History And Encyclopedia of Music: Musical Biographies, Part II, originally published in 1910, published in facsimile by Kessinger Publishing, 2005.
Osborne, Richard, Rossini: his life and works, Oxford University Press US, 2007.
Sanvitale, Francesco, La romanza italiana da salotto, EDT srl, 2002.

External links
New York Times, Obituary: Giuseppe Tadolini, 6 January 1873, p. 5
Score of La farfalla at the IMSLP

1789 births
1872 deaths
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
19th-century Italian musicians
Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini alumni
19th-century Italian male musicians

Giovanni Tadolini


In computing, a magic cookie, or just cookie for short, is a token or short packet of data passed between communicating programs. The cookie is often used to identify a particular event or as "handle, transaction ID, or other token of agreement between cooperating programs".

Usage

Cookie data is typically not meaningful to the recipient program.  The contents are opaque and not usually interpreted until the recipient passes the cookie data back to the sender or perhaps another program at a later time.

In some cases, recipient programs are able to meaningfully compare two cookies for equality.

The cookie can be used like a ticket.

Early use
The term magic cookie appears in the man page for the fseek routine in the C standard library, dating back at least to 1979, where it was stated:
 "ftell returns the current value of the offset relative to the beginning of the file associated with the named stream. It is measured in bytes on UNIX; on some other systems it is a magic cookie, and the only foolproof way to obtain an offset for fseek."

Cookie as token
An analogy is the token supplied at a coat check (cloakroom) counter in real life. The token has no intrinsic meaning, but its uniqueness allows it to be exchanged for the correct coat when returned to the coat check counter. The coat check token is opaque because the way in which the counter staff are able to find the correct coat when the token is presented is immaterial to the person who wishes their coat returned. In other cases (as is possible with HTTP cookies), the actual data of interest can be stored as name–value pairs directly on the cookie.

Cookies are used as identifying tokens in many computer applications. When one visits a website, the remote server may leave an HTTP cookie on one's computer, where they are often used to authenticate identity upon returning to the website.

Cookies are a component of the most common authentication method used by the X Window System.

References

Data transmission

pl:Cookie

Magic cookie