Brandon Winn Sanderson (born December 19, 1975) is an American author of high fantasy and science fiction. He is best known for the Cosmere fictional universe, in which most of his fantasy novels, most notably the Mistborn series and The Stormlight Archive, are set. Outside of the Cosmere, he has written several young adult and juvenile series including The Reckoners, the Skyward series, and the Alcatraz series. He is also known for finishing Robert Jordan's high fantasy series The Wheel of Time. Sanderson has created several graphic novel fantasy series, including White Sand and Dark One.

He created Sanderson's Laws of Magic and popularized the idea of "hard magic" and "soft magic" systems. In 2008, Sanderson started a podcast with author Dan Wells and cartoonist Howard Tayler called Writing Excuses, involving topics about creating genre writing and webcomics. In 2016, the American media company DMG Entertainment licensed the movie rights to Sanderson's entire Cosmere universe, but the rights have since reverted back to Sanderson. Sanderson's March 2022 Kickstarter campaign became the most successful in history, finishing with 185,341 backers pledging $41,754,153.

Personal life

Early life and education
Brandon Winn Sanderson was born on December 19, 1975, in Lincoln, Nebraska, the eldest of four children. Sanderson became a passionate reader of high fantasy novels while a teenager, and he made several early attempts at writing his own stories. After graduating from high school in 1994, he went to Brigham Young University (BYU) as a biochemistry major. He took a two-year leave of absence from 1995 to 1997 to serve as a volunteer missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and was assigned to serve in South Korea.

After completing his missionary service, Sanderson returned to BYU and changed his major to English literature. While an undergraduate, Sanderson took a job as a night auditor at a local hotel in Provo, Utah, as it allowed him to write while working. One of Sanderson's roommates at BYU was Ken Jennings, who nearly ten years later became famous during his 74-game win streak on the American game show Jeopardy!. Sanderson graduated from BYU in 2000 with a Bachelor of Arts. He continued on as a graduate student, receiving an M.A. in English with an emphasis in creative writing in 2004. While at BYU, Sanderson was on the staff of Leading Edge, a semi-professional speculative fiction magazine published by the university, and served as its editor-in-chief for one year.

In 2006, Sanderson married Emily Bushman, an English, Spanish, and ESL teacher and fellow BYU alumna who later became his business manager. They have three sons and reside in American Fork, Utah.

Career

Early writing career

Sanderson wrote consistently throughout his undergraduate and graduate studies; by 2003, he had written twelve novels, though no publisher had accepted any of them for publication. While in the middle of a graduate program at BYU, he was contacted by Tor Books editor Moshe Feder, who wanted to acquire one of his books. Sanderson had submitted the manuscript of his sixth novel, Elantris, a year and a half earlier. Elantris was published by Tor Books on April 21, 2005, to generally positive reviews. This was followed in 2006 by Mistborn: The Final Empire, the first book in his Mistborn fantasy trilogy, in which "allomancers"—people with the ability to 'burn' metals and alloys after ingesting them—gain enhanced senses and control over powerful supernatural forces.

He published the second book of the Mistborn series The Well of Ascension in 2007. Later that year, Sanderson published the children's novel Alcatraz Versus the Evil Librarians, about a boy named Alcatraz with a talent for breaking things. Alcatraz confronts a group of evil librarians who are bent on taking over the world. The first of his "laws of magic" were first published in 2007, with the second and third published in 2012 and 2013 (respectively). In 2008, the third and final book in the Mistborn trilogy was published, titled The Hero of Ages, as well as the second book in the Alcatraz series, titled Alcatraz Versus the Scrivener's Bones. That same year, he started the podcast Writing Excuses with Howard Tayler and Dan Wells.

The Wheel of Time
Sanderson rose to prominence in late 2007 when Harriet McDougal, the wife and editor of author Robert Jordan, chose Sanderson to complete the final books in Jordan's epic fantasy series The Wheel of Time after Jordan's death. McDougal asked Sanderson to finish the series after being deeply impressed by his first Mistborn novel, The Final Empire. Tor Books made the announcement on December 7, 2007. After reviewing what was necessary to complete the series, Sanderson and Tor announced on March 30, 2009, that a final three books would be published instead of just one.

The first of these, The Gathering Storm, was published on October 27, 2009, and reached the number-one spot on the New York Times bestseller list for hardcover fiction. Towers of Midnight, the second-to-last Wheel of Time book, was published just over a year after The Gathering Storm on November 2, 2010, debuting at number one on the bestseller list. In early 2013, the series was completed with the publication of A Memory of Light.

Career
In 2009, Tor Books published Warbreaker, which originally appeared serially on Sanderson's website while he was writing the novel from 2006 to 2009. In the same year, the third Alcatraz book was published, titled Alcatraz Versus the Knights of Crystallia. In 2010, Sanderson published The Way of Kings, the first of a planned ten-book series called The Stormlight Archive. It achieved the number seven slot on the New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list. The fourth Alcatraz novel, Alcatraz Versus the Shattered Lens, followed soon after.

In October 2011, he finished a novella e-book, Infinity Blade: Awakening, based on the action role-playing, iOS video game Infinity Blade, developed by Chair Entertainment and Epic Games. In November 2011, he published a sequel to the Mistborn trilogy, Mistborn: The Alloy of Law. It was originally planned as a standalone novel set about 300 years after the original trilogy, but it was later expanded into a four-book series. It debuted at number nine on the combined print and e-book New York Times Best Seller list.

On August 31, 2012, Sanderson published a science fiction novella entitled Legion, followed by another short work titled The Emperor's Soul. In 2013, Sanderson published two new young adult series. These series included The Rithmatist and the first of The Reckoners series titled Steelheart. In March 2014, Words of Radiance, the second book in The Stormlight Archive, was published.

Later that year, Subterranean Press published the second novella in the Legion series, Legion: Skin Deep. It was a preliminary nominee for the 2015 Hugo Awards, but did not make the final ballot. In January 2015, the second book of The Reckoners, titled Firefight, was published. Firefight won the 2015 Whitney Award in the Best Young Adult—Speculative category. It also placed eighth in the Young Adult Fantasy & Science Fiction category of the Goodreads Choice Awards and was a finalist for the 2015 AML Award in the Young Adult Novel category.

Nine months later, Sanderson published Mistborn: Shadows of Self as a direct sequel to The Alloy of Law. The novel won the 2017 Neffy Award in the Best Novel category, placed third in the 2015 Goodreads Choice Awards in the Fantasy category, was a finalist in the Best Speculative Fiction category of the 2015 Whitney Awards, and was a preliminary nomineed for the 2016 Gemmell Legend Award. On November 16, 2015, Sanderson's agency (JABberwocky Literary Agency) announced that Sanderson officially sold over 7 million copies worldwide.

On January 26, 2016, Mistborn: The Bands of Mourning was published as the sequel to Shadows of Self. On February 16, 2016, the third and final book of the Reckoners trilogy, titled Calamity, was published. In June 2016, Sanderson's first graphic novel White Sand—written with Rik Hoskin—was released. The series is planned as a trilogy. The graphic novels are based on an original manuscript by Sanderson. On September 6, 2016, the fifth Alcatraz book was published, called Alcatraz Versus the Dark Talent.

DMG Entertainment optioned the Cosmere in 2016 for film and television. On November 22, 2016, an anthology of Cosmere short stories and novellas was published, titled Arcanum Unbounded: A Cosmere Collection. The third book in The Stormlight Archive, Oathbringer, was published on November 14, 2017. The first book of the Defiant series, Skyward, was published on November 6, 2018. The second book in the series, Starsight, was released on November 26, 2019. In September 2020, a collaboration project with author Mary Robinette Kowal called The Original, was released. Rhythm of War, the fourth Stormlight novel, was published on November 17, 2020. In 2020, Sanderson's agency updated his number of copies sold to over 18 million worldwide, and in early 2021, to over 21 million.

In March 2021, Brandon Sanderson announced a "Weekly Update" in his YouTube channel which will give updates on his current projects every week. On May 26, Brandon Sanderson revealed the title and cover for "Cytonic", the third book of his Skyward series, which was published on November 23, 2021. Sanderson started a new podcast in June 2021 called 'Intentionally Blank', with friend and fellow science fiction author Dan Wells.

Sanderson announced in March 2022 that, over the previous two pandemic years, he had secretly written five otherwise-unannounced books (four full adult novels and a shorter junior novel). The full novels (three of which are set in the Cosmere) will be made available through a Kickstarter subscription that will release them quarterly through 2023. The Kickstarter campaign was highly successful, raising $15 million in its first 24 hours and over $20 million within three days, becoming the all-time most successful campaign. The Kickstarter campaign finished with 185,341 backers pledging $41,754,153. Before the conclusion of his Kickstarter campaign, Sanderson also backed every other publishing project on Kickstarter, for a total of 316 projects. One of the secret projects during the pandemic, Tress of the Emerald Sea, was released in book form in April 2023.

Sanderson also collaborated with Unknown Worlds Entertainment to create the lore and setting for the video game Moonbreaker, which was released via early access in September 2022.

Cosmere
The Cosmere is the name of the universe in which Elantris, Mistborn, Warbreaker, The Stormlight Archive, White Sand, Tress of the Emerald Sea, Yumi and the Nightmare Painter, and stories contained in Arcanum Unbounded: The Cosmere Collection are all set. This idea came from Sanderson's desire to create an epic-length series without requiring readers to buy a ridiculous number of books. Because of that, he hides connections to his other works within each book, creating a "hidden epic". He has estimated that the Cosmere sequence could conclude with at least 40 books.

The story of the Cosmere is about a mysterious being called Adonalsium, who existed on a world known as Yolen. Adonalsium was killed by a group of at least eighteen conspirators, causing its power to shatter into sixteen different Shards, each of which bears immense power. Sixteen of those people—referred to as Vesselsthen took these Shards and traveled to new worlds, populating them with different systems of magic or extending on ones already present. In one case, the Shards Ruin and Preservation worked together to actually create a planet and its people (Scadrial, as featured in Mistborn).

Each Shard has an Intent, such as Ambition or Honor, and a Vessel's personality is changed over time to bring them more in-line with their Intent. One such Shard, Odium, has killedor "splintered"several other Shards. On Sel, he splintered Devotion and Dominion, accidentally creating the Dor, from which Seons and Skaze have emerged. On Roshar, Odium splintered Honor and brought about the Everstorm and the True Desolation. He has also splintered Ambition, in the Threnody system. A man known as Hoid is seen or mentioned in most Cosmere books. He travels the so-called Shardworlds, using the people of those worlds to further an unknown agenda.

Sanderson's Laws of Magic
The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of characterizing two ends of a spectrum. Hard magic systems follow specific rules, the magic is controlled and explained to the reader in the narrative detailing the mechanics behind the way the magic 'works' and can be used for building settings that revolve around the magic system. Soft magic systems may not have clearly defined rules or limitations, or they may provide limited exposition regarding their workings. They are used to create a sense of wonder to the reader.

Sanderson's three laws of magic are creative writing guidelines that can be used to create magic systems for fantasy stories:
 An author's ability to solve conflict with magic is directly proportional to how well the reader understands said magic.
 Weaknesses, limits and costs are more interesting than powers.
 The author should expand on what is already a part of the magic system before something entirely new is added, as this may otherwise entirely change how the magic system fits into the fictional world.

Additionally, there is a zeroth law:
   Always err on the side of what's awesome.

Teaching
Sanderson is adjunct faculty at Brigham Young University, teaching a creative writing course once per year. Sanderson also participates in the weekly podcast Writing Excuses with authors Dan Wells, Mary Robinette Kowal, and web cartoonist Howard Tayler. He began hosting the podcast Intentionally Blank with Dan Wells in June 2021, where they discuss random things they enjoy.

Bibliography

Selected awards and honors
Sanderson has been nominated for and also won multiple awards for his various works. See Writing Excuses for additional awards and nominations.

Notes

References

External links

 Brandon Sanderson at the MLCA Database
 2020 Creative Writing Lectures at BYU

1975 births
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
American Mormon missionaries in South Korea
American science fiction writers
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Latter Day Saints from Nebraska
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Living people
Novelists from Utah
People from American Fork, Utah
The Wheel of Time
Writers from Lincoln, Nebraska

Brandon Sanderson


Melena or melaena refers to the dark black, tarry feces that are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The black color and characteristic strong odor are caused by hemoglobin in the blood being altered by digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria.

Iron supplements may cause a grayish-black stool that should be distinguished from melena, as should black coloration caused by a number of medications, such as bismuth subsalicylate (the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol), or by foods such as beetroot, black liquorice, or blueberries.

Causes
The most common cause of melena is peptic ulcer disease. However, any bleeding within the upper gastrointestinal tract or the ascending colon can lead to melena. Melena may also be a complication of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin.

Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that may result in melena include malignant tumors affecting the esophagus, stomach or small intestine, hemorrhagic blood diseases, such as thrombocytopenia and hemophilia, gastritis, stomach cancer, esophageal varices, Meckel's diverticulum and Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

Causes of "false" melena include iron supplements, Pepto-Bismol, Maalox, and lead, blood swallowed as a result of a nose bleed (epistaxis), and blood ingested as part of the diet, as with consumption of black pudding (blood sausage), or with the traditional African Maasai diet, which includes much blood drained from cattle.

Melena is considered a medical emergency as it arises from a significant amount of bleeding. Urgent care is required to rule out serious causes and prevent potentially life-threatening emergencies.

A less serious, self-limiting case of melena can occur in newborns two to three days after delivery, due to swallowed maternal blood.

Diagnosis
In acute cases, with a large amount of blood loss, patients may present with anemia or low blood pressure. However, aside from the melena itself, many patients may present with few symptoms.  Often, the first approach is to use endoscopy to look for obvious signs of a bleed. In cases where the source of the bleed is unclear, but melena is present, an upper endoscopy is recommended, to try to ascertain the source of the bleed.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding sources usually present with hematochezia or frank blood.  A test with poor sensitivity/specificity that may detect the source of bleeding is the tagged red blood cell scan. This is especially used for slow bleeding (<0.5 ml/min). However, for rapid bleeding (>0.5 ml/min), mesenteric angiogram ± embolization is the gold standard. Colonoscopy is often first line, however.

Melena versus hematochezia
Bleeds that originate from the lower gastrointestinal tract (such as the sigmoid colon and rectum) are generally associated with the passage of bright red blood, or hematochezia, particularly when brisk. Only blood that originates from a more proximal source (such as the small intestine), or bleeding from a lower source that occurs slowly enough to allow for enzymatic breakdown, is associated with melena.  For this reason, melena is often associated with blood in the stomach or duodenum (upper gastrointestinal bleeding), for example by a peptic ulcer.  A rough estimate is that it takes about 14 hours for blood to be broken down within the intestinal lumen; therefore if transit time is less than 14 hours the patient will have hematochezia, and if greater than 14 hours the patient will exhibit melena.  One often-stated rule of thumb is that melena only occurs if the source of bleeding is above the ligament of Treitz although, as noted below, exceptions occur with enough frequency to render it unreliable.

Etymology
The origin of melena is dated to the early 19th century via modern Latin, via Greek melaina (feminine of melas, black).

See also
 Blood in stool
 Dieulafoy's lesion
 Hematemesis

References

External links

Bleeding
Digestive disease symptoms
Feces

Melena


A ridesharing company (also known as a transportation network company, ride-hailing service; the vehicles are called app-taxis or e-taxis) is a company that, via websites and mobile apps, matches passengers with drivers of vehicles for hire that, unlike taxis, cannot legally be hailed from the street.

Ridesharing companies were founded after the proliferation of the Internet and mobile apps: Uber was founded in 2009, Ola Cabs was founded in 2010, Yandex Taxi was launched in 2011, Sidecar was launched in 2011, Lyft was launched in 2012, DiDi was launched in 2012, Careem began operations in 2012, Bolt was founded in 2013, and Free Now was founded in 2019.

The legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction varies; in some areas they are considered to be illegal taxi operations, while in other areas, they are subject to regulations that can include requirements for driver background checks, fares, caps on the number of drivers in an area, insurance, licensing, and minimum wage.

Studies have shown that ridesharing companies have created net jobs and improved the efficiency of drivers of vehicles for hire due to advanced algorithms that pair riders with drivers.

Terminology: ridesharing vs. ridehailing
Although the term "ridesharing" is used by many international news sources, in January 2015, the Associated Press Stylebook, the authority that sets many of the news industry's grammar and word use standards, officially adopted the term "ride-hailing" to describe the services offered by these companies, claiming that "ridesharing" doesn't accurately describe the services since not all rides are shared, and "ride-sourcing" only is accurate when drivers provide rides for income. While the Associated Press recommended the use of "ride-hailing" as a term, it noted that, unlike taxis, ridesharing companies cannot pick up street hails.

The term "ride-sharing" has also been defined to refer to on-demand carpooling or shared transport, whereas "ride-hailing" has been defined as the hiring of a private driver for personal transportation.

Criticism

Criticism from taxi companies and taxi drivers
Values of taxi medallions, transferable permits or licenses authorizing the holder to pick up passengers for hire, have declined in value significantly. In 2018, this led to failures by credit unions that lent money secured by taxi medallions and suicides by taxi drivers.

Legal cases by taxi companies and taxi drivers
No lawsuit against Uber in which the plaintiffs were taxi companies has ended with a judgment in favor of the taxis. The only case that proceeded to trial, Anoush Cab, Inc. v. Uber Technologies, Inc., No. 19-2001 (1st Cir. 2021), which alleged that Uber caused asset devaluation by competing unfairly, resulted in a full verdict for Uber.

Flywheel, the largest operator of taxis in San Francisco, sued Uber in 2016, alleging antitrust violations and predatory pricing. In 2021, a federal judge threw out the bulk of the case and Uber settled the remainder of the case by integrating Flywheel taxis into its mobile app.

In 2019, 6,000 taxi drivers, represented by law firm Maurice Blackburn, filed a lawsuit against Uber in Australia alleging illegal taxi operations and financial harm. A trial is scheduled for March 2024.

Driver classification under employment law
Unless otherwise required by law, ridesharing companies have classified drivers as independent contractors and not employees under employment law, arguing that they receive certain flexibilities not generally received by employees. This affects taxation, working time, employee benefits, unemployment benefits, and overtime benefits and has been challenged legally.

Jurisdictions in which drivers must receive the classification of "employees" include the United Kingdom (after the case of Aslam v Uber BV which was decided by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom), Switzerland, New Jersey, and the Netherlands. California Assembly Bill 5 (2019) was passed to force drivers to be classified as employees in California, although ridesharing companies received an exemption by 2020 California Proposition 22, a ballot initiative. Ridesharing companies spent tens of millions of dollars on the campaign.

Compliance with minimum wage laws
Some drivers earn rates that are below minimum wage; as a result, in some jurisdictions, laws were passed to guarantee drivers a minimum wage before and after expenses.

Safety issues
Crimes have been committed by rideshare drivers as well as by individuals posing as rideshare drivers who lure unsuspecting passengers to their vehicles by placing an emblem on their car or by claiming to be a passenger's expected driver. The latter led to the murder of Samantha Josephson and the introduction of Sami's Law. Ridesharing companies have been accused of not taking necessary measures to prevent sexual assault. They have been fined by government agencies for violations in their background check processes.

Ridesharing has also been criticized for encouraging or requiring phone use while driving. To accept a fare, some apps require drivers to tap their phone screen, usually within 15 seconds after receiving a notification, which is illegal in some jurisdictions since it could result in distracted driving.

Ridesharing vehicles in many cities routinely obstruct bicycle lanes while picking up or dropping off passengers, a practice that endangers cyclists.

Price fixing allegations
In the United States, drivers do not have any control over the fares they charge. A lawsuit filed in California, Gill et al v. Uber Technologies, Inc. et al, alleged that this is a violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; the lawsuit was forced to arbitration.

Insufficient accessibility
Ridesharing has been criticized for providing inadequate accessibility measures for disabled people, in violation of local laws.

In some areas, vehicle for hire companies are required by law to have a certain amount of wheelchair accessible vans (WAVs) in use. However, most drivers do not own a WAV, making it hard to comply with the laws.

While ridesharing companies require drivers to transport service animals, drivers have been criticized for refusal to transport service animals, which, in the United States, is in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In 2021, an arbitrator awarded $1.1 million to a visually impaired passenger who travels with a guide dog because she was denied rides 14 separate times.

Bias against passengers in certain demographic groups
Complaints that drivers have not accepted ride requests from passengers in certain demographic groups has led some ridesharing companies to hide passenger identities until the ride request is accepted by the driver. A 2018 study in Washington, D.C. found that drivers cancelled ride requests from African Americans and LGBT and straight ally passengers (indicated by a rainbow flag) more often, but cancelled at the same rate for women and men. The higher cancellation rate for African American passengers was somewhat attenuated at peak times, when financial incentives were higher.

Traffic congestion
Studies have shown that especially in cities where it competes with public transport, ridesharing contributes to traffic congestion, reduces public transport use, and has no substantial impact on vehicle ownership and increases automobile dependency.

Dead mileage specifically causes unnecessary carbon emissions and traffic congestion. A study published in September 2019 found that taxis had lower rider waiting time and vehicle empty driving time, and thus contribute less to congestion and pollution in downtown areas. However, a 2018 report noted that ridesharing complements public transit. A study published in July 2018 found that Uber and Lyft are creating more traffic and congestion. A study published in March 2016 found that in Los Angeles and Seattle the passenger occupancy for Uber services is higher than that of taxi services, and concluded that Uber rides reduce congestion on the premise that they replace taxi rides. Studies citing data from 2010 to 2019 found that Uber rides are made in addition to taxi rides, and replace walking, bike rides, and bus rides, in addition to the Uber vehicles having a low average occupancy rate, all of which increases congestion. This increase in congestion has led some cities to levy taxes on rides taken with ridesharing companies.

A study published in July 2017 indicated that the increase in traffic caused by Uber generates collective costs in lost time in congestion, increased pollution, and increased accident risks that can exceed the economy and revenue generated by the service, indicating that, in certain conditions, Uber might have a social cost that is greater than its benefits.

See also
 Hitchhiking and slugging, also known as casual carpooling
 Peer-to-peer economy
 Carsharing, which allows consumer to access automobiles for self-driven journeys
 Peer-to-peer carsharing, where customers drive themselves in cars rented from individual owners
 Carpool
 Vanpool
 Demand responsive transport
 Flexible carpooling
 Illegal taxi operation
 Mobility as a service
 Rideshare advertising
 Ride sharing privacy
 Sharing economy
 Sustainable transport
 Spaceflight, Inc. - rocket rideshare service

References

Transport culture

Ridesharing company


Vladimir Ivanovich Voronin (; October 17, 1890 – October 18, 1952) was a Soviet Navy captain, born in Sumsky Posad, in the present Republic of Karelia, Russia. In 1932 he commanded the expedition of the Soviet icebreaker A. Sibiryakov which made the first successful crossing of the Northern Sea Route in a single navigation without wintering. This voyage was organized by the All-Union Arctic Institute (presently known as the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute).

The A. Sibiryakov expedition
The A. Sibiryakov sailed from Arkhangelsk, crossed the Kara Sea and chose a northern, unexplored way around Severnaya Zemlya to the Laptev Sea. In September the propeller shaft broke and the icebreaker drifted for 11 days. However, the A. Sibiryakov used its sails and arrived in the Bering Strait in October. The icebreaker reached the Japanese port of Yokohama after 65 days, having covered more than 2500 miles in the Arctic seas. This was regarded as a heroic feat of Soviet polar seamen and Chief of Expedition Otto Schmidt and Captain Vladimir Voronin were received with many honors on their return to Russia.

The icebreaker A. Sibiryakov continued in service until it was sunk in 1942 after an unequal fight with German heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer during Operation Wunderland in World War II.

The Chelyuskin expedition
In 1933-34 Voronin commanded another icebreaker on a dramatic, albeit not so fortunate, expedition. In July 1933 the Chelyuskin sailed from Leningrad before a large crowd. However, in September icebreaker Chelyuskin got stuck in pack ice in the Chukchi Sea near Kolyuchin Island. The crew worked hard to free the ship from the surrounding ice, succeeding after almost a week. But the ship became stuck again and drifted in the general direction of the pack ice toward the Bering Strait. By the end of November it became obvious that the Chelyuskin would not break free from the pack ice and would have to winter on the Chukchi Sea. Eventually the ship was squeezed by large ice floes and was in danger of sinking. Captain Voronin ordered the crew to unload equipment from the ship and set up a camp site astern of the ship. But cracks in the ice formed under the tents, forcing the crew to load their equipment back onto the ship. The Chelyuskin drifted for the next two months in the Chukchi Sea to the east of Wrangel Island.

Finally, increasing pressure resulted in the ship's creaking and eventual breach by ice. Voronin and Otto Schmidt managed to jump off just in time before the Chelyuskin sank close to Kolyuchin Island. Thus only one crew member went down with the ship. The crew then set up tents on a part of the ice surface that was named Camp Schmidt. The crew made radio contact with the village of Uelen on the Chukchi Peninsula and asked for help. During a dramatic rescue operation, pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky sighted Camp Schmidt, landed his plane on the ice, and rescued the women and children before returning to Uelen. The remaining passengers and crew of the ill-fated icebreaker Chelyuskin were rescued later and flown to Cape Vankarem on the Chukotka Peninsula. Due to severe weather conditions, the rescue took one month with planes trying hard to carry out the rescue operation from Khabarovsk; Nome in Alaska; and Cape Olyutor until they were successful.

Memory
Some geographic locations in Russia have been named in honor of this Soviet captain and explorer of the Arctic waters
Voronina Island, a small island group in the Kara Sea.
Banka Voronina, a shoal in the Gulf of Finland .
Bukhta Voronina, a bay in the NW shores of Novaya Zemlya .
 The Voronin Trough, a geological feature in the Arctic Ocean basin with a depth of 450m located 290 km east of Franz Josef Land.

Cape Voronin off Viachtu Bay in Sakhalin Island, however, is not named after Captain Vladimir Voronin, but after Second lieutenant Aleksey Ivanovich Voronin, a previous Russian explorer who took part in the 1849-1855 Amur Expedition.

ARC-7 class Ice breaking LNG carrier launched in 2019 named Vladimir Voronin in his honor. Vessel regularly makes unescorted passages of the Northern Sea Route carry LNG from LNG plant in Sabetta to Europe and Asia.

References

 Armstrong, T., The Russians in the Arctic, London, 1958.
 Early Soviet Exploration
 History of Russian Arctic Exploration
Voronin Trough

1890 births
1952 deaths
People from the Republic of Karelia
People from Kemsky Uyezd
Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Nakhimov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Explorers of the Arctic
Soviet polar explorers
Russian explorers
Russian Navy personnel
Soviet explorers
Soviet Navy officers
Chukchi Sea
East Siberian Sea
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea

Vladimir Voronin (captain)


Dogliani () is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about  southeast of Turin and about  northeast of Cuneo.

Dogliani borders the following municipalities: Belvedere Langhe, Bonvicino, Bossolasco, Cissone, Farigliano, Lequio Tanaro, Monchiero, Monforte d'Alba, Roddino, and Somano.

Aside from local craftmanship, the economy is mostly based on agriculture: most of the area is occupied by vines, used for the production of the Dolcetto di Dogliani wine. There are also several woods of common hazels.

Dogliani is also known for its Presepio Vivente. A tradition started in 1975 that occurs yearly on the night of December 23 and 24 where the town's citizens enact the nativity scene.

History

The town was a settlement of the Ligures, a pre-Roman population. The Roman conquered its area in around 200-100 B.C, although Dogliani is mentioned for the first time in the Middle Ages, as the place of a castle and a borough surrounded by walls along the Rea torrent.

Dogliani was likely a fief of the Aleramici family, and later was owned by the marquisses of Busca, those of Saluzzo and, starting from the early 17th century, by the House of Savoy. In the 19th century, Dogliani received numerous new buildings designed by the eclectic architect Giovanni Battista Schellino.

Main sights
Parish church of Santi Quirico and Paolo (1869), designed by G.B. Schellino
Town Hall, built from 1460 but largely revised by Schellino in the 19th century. It has kept a nave and a portico from the Renaissance church of the Carmine
Church of the Confraternita dei Battuti (18th century)
Civic Hospital, another creation of Schellino
Church of St. Lawrence, originally (12th century) having a nave and two aisles. Later Schellino modified it in neo-Gothic style.
Church of Immacolata Concezione, another creation of Schellino
House-tower Perno di Caldera, of medieval origins
Neo-Gothic entrance to the cemetery, also designed by Schellino (1855 - 1867)
Porta Soprana, a medieval gate
Civic Tower (known from the 12th century)

Twin towns — sister cities
Dogliani is twinned with:

  Jarnac, France, since 2000

  Lautertal, Germany, since 2016

People
 Michele Ferrero (1925-2015), owner of the Ferrero SpA chocolate manufacturers.
 Giovanni Battista Schellino (1818-1905), Italian architect responsible for designing eighteen buildings in Dogliani.
 Luigi Einaudi (1874-1961), second President of the Italian Republic, intellectual, economist and founder of Poderi Luigi Einaudi in Dogliani.

References

External links
 Official website

Dogliani

Dogliani


Lagoras (Greek: Λαγόρας) was a Cretan soldier of fortune, who, when in the service of Ptolemy IV Philopator, king of Egypt, was sent by Nicolaus, Ptolemy's general, to occupy the passes of Mount Lebanon at Berytus, and to check there the advance of Antiochus III the Great, who was marching upon Ptolemais, 219 BC. He was, however, defeated and dislodged from his position by the Syrian king.

In 215 BC, in the war of Antiochus against Achaeus, we find Lagoras in the service of the former; and it was through his discovery of an unguarded part of the wall of Sardis, that Antiochus was enabled to take the city, Lagoras being himself one of the select party who forced their way into the town over the portion of the wall in question.

Notes

References
Polybius; Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London - New York, (1889)
Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Lagoras", Boston (1867)

Hellenistic generals
Ancient Cretan generals
3rd-century BC Greek people

Lagoras


A Picture of Freedom is a children's historical novel written by Patricia C. McKissack and published by Scholastic in 1997 as part of their Dear America series.

Plot summary
The book is written in the form of a diary kept by Clotee, a young slave girl on a Virginia plantation in 1859. Clotee secretly teaches herself to read and write while fanning William, her owner's young son, during his lessons with his mother Miz Lilly. Clotee is discovered by Mr Harms, the tutor, who is actually an abolitionist working to help slaves escape via the Underground Railroad. When Clotee is given the opportunity to escape, she must decide whether to run away to freedom or stay behind to help other slaves escape.

Clotee's best friend on the plantation is a very strong girl named Spicy. Spicy desperately wants to change her name to Rose (the name her mother picked out for her), but is forced to accept the name given by her owners. Clotee later writes in Spicy's Bible, the only keepsake that Spicy has from her mother, that Spicy's name is actually Rose. Spicy is also in love with Hince, the person who Clotee calls her "brother-friend".

Clotee and Spicy are the property of "Mas' Henley," a cruel man. While Master Henley never whips or beats Clotee in the book, he does strike Spicy across the face in the final chapter. Mistress Lilly Henley is a weak, foolish woman and a disinterested mother. Clotee's mother was Lilly Henley's personal maid, but Master Henley forced his wife to sell her maid; Clotee's mother later died far from her daughter. Clotee's father is not present in the story as he drowned in the river before she was born. Mistress Lilly often tries to make Clotee her little pet, claiming that Clotee's mother was a very good friend of hers. Clotee always finds a way to decline and Lilly soon gives up, taking another housemaid under her wing and trying to turn the household servants against each other.

When Ely Harms is driven off the Henley Plantation, Clotee takes his place as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Clotee comes up with a plan so that Mr Harms didn't get arrested. Clotee eventually runs away; we later learn that she has become a teacher. She also keeps up correspondence with William Henley, who becomes an abolitionist as well. Clotee dies at the age of 92, and the book ends with the quote from her gravestone: "Freedom is more than a word".

Adaptations
In 1997, the book was adapted for television by HBO for their Dear America miniseries. The episode starred Shadia Simmons as Clotee.

References

1997 American novels
1997 children's books
American children's novels
Children's historical novels
Fictional diaries
Novels about American slavery
Novels set in Virginia
Fiction set in 1859
Novels set in the 1850s
Books by Patricia McKissack
American novels adapted into television shows
Children's books set in Virginia
Children's books about racism
Children's books set in the 1850s

A Picture of Freedom


State Route 117 (SR 117) is a very short state highway in extreme eastern McNairy County, Tennessee.  This highway passes through one town (Adamsville) and acts as a shortcut from Adamsville to the nearby Shiloh National Military Park.

Route description

SR 117 begins near Shiloh National Military Park at an intersection with SR 142 between Stantonville and Hurley, in a community known as West Shiloh. The highway heads north as a 2-lane highway through farmland to have an intersection with Gilchrist Road, which serves as a connector to SR 224. SR 117 then enters Adamsville and has an intersection with Old Shiloh Road before entering downtown, where it comes to an end at an intersection with US 64/SR 15/SR 22.

The entire route is in McNairy County.

Major intersections

References

Tennessee Department of Transportation
McNairy County Highway Map

117
Transportation in McNairy County, Tennessee

Tennessee State Route 117


The American was an online magazine published by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a conservative think tank in Washington, D.C. The magazine's primary focus was the intersection of economics and politics. Previously known as The American: A Magazine of Ideas, it was published six times annually from November 2006 to December 2008.

Origins and editorship
The American was founded in November 2006 by James K. Glassman, the former president of The Atlantic Monthly and former publisher of The New Republic, as an AEI project. It replaced the previous public-affairs magazine published by AEI, The American Enterprise.  Publication of the first issue was delayed until after the November 2006 election to include election results.

In late 2007, Glassman left The American to serve as undersecretary of state for public diplomacy in the George W. Bush administration; he was succeeded as editor-in-chief by Nick Schulz, who had served as a senior editor of the young magazine since its founding; the first issue edited by Schulz was labeled March/April 2008. (Glassman and Schulz had previously collaborated on TCS Daily.) Schulz is also the DeWitt Wallace Fellow at AEI.

In November 2008, AEI ended the print version of the glossy magazine due to its "'hemorrhaging' cash."

Content

The magazine published articles and book reviews—some topical, some reported, some analytical—on subjects at the intersection of economics, business, politics, and American public policy. Current online content includes articles similar to those in the print version, traditional op-eds, "DataPoints" on public opinion (compiled by Karlyn Bowman), and, since May 2009, the Enterprise Blog, which features contributions from AEI scholars and staff members.

Editorial stance

"Our perspective," Glassman said at the magazine's launch, "is not partisan, but it is rooted in liberal, free-market economics."  Glassman said in 2006 that he believed "the three major business magazines"—that is, Forbes, Fortune, and BusinessWeek—"have, in an attempt to get a broader audience, gone downscale," creating a "big opening" for an intellectual magazine about business that is "absolutely not partisan or ideological—mainly a reported magazine rather than a magazine of opinion."

Liberal writer Jonathan Chait remarked in The New Republic (which Glassman had published from 1981 to 1984) that The American, in replacing The American Enterprise, "seems less dewy-eyed about the virtues of democracy and far more dewy-eyed about the virtues of the bottom line. Out is the conservatism of Paul Wolfowitz. In is the conservatism of Montgomery Burns."

Contributors

Among the noteworthy contributors to The American have been:

 Michael Barone
 Gary Becker
 Tom Bethell
 Arthur C. Brooks
 Daniel Drezner
 John Fund
 Victor Davis Hanson
 Michael Ledeen
 Stephen Moore
 Kevin M. Murphy
 Charles Murray
 Norman J. Ornstein
 Henry Petroski
 Amity Shlaes

Notable stories

Luke Mullins's interview of a white-collar criminal who spent time in a minimum-security prison, which stated that minimum-security prisons were no longer "country-club prisons,"
prompted criticism by Peter Carlson in a column in The Washington Post.

Notes

External links
 The Enterprise Blog
 The American Enterprise Institute website

Conservative magazines published in the United States
Defunct political magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines disestablished in 2008
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
Online magazines published in the United States
Online magazines with defunct print editions

The American (magazine)


Never Say Goodbye is a 1956 American drama romance film directed by Jerry Hopper starring Rock Hudson. The film is loosely based on the play Come Prima Meglio Di Prima by Luigi Pirandello. It is a remake of This Love of Ours (1945).

Plot
Dr. Mike Parker departs California to speak at a conference in New York. A widower, he and daughter Suzy have a deal with each other to never actually say goodbye. She remains behind with Miss Tucker, her governess.

While Mike is having a drink after the conference, a caricature artist, Victor, comes to Mike's table along with a woman who plays piano at the nightclub, Dorian Kent. To their mutual shock, Mike recognizes Dorian as his late wife, Lisa. Dorian flees into the street, where she is hit by a car.

While he waits for her injuries to heal, Mike recalls how they met in Vienna, Austria in 1945, when Mike was a US Army doctor. At that time, Lisa and Victor also had an act together as entertainers. Mike treated her for a sprained ankle and ended up marrying Lisa, who gave birth to Suzy. A jealous Mike, however, continually suspected Lisa of having an affair with Victor, and when she went to the Russian sector of the city to seek advice from her father, Lisa became trapped there when the border was temporarily closed and was never seen or heard from again.

Unwilling to renew their marriage but eager to see Suzy again, a recovered Lisa agrees to accompany Mike back to his home. The little girl misunderstands, however, believing her father is bringing home a new wife. She becomes hysterical. Later, she takes a dislike to Lisa and refuses to believe any suggestion that this is her real mother.

Victor visits and charms Suzy with his drawings. Mike gets an inspiration that Suzy should describe to the artist whatever memories she has of what her mother looked like. Lisa is about to leave when Suzy, having seen Victor's sketch, realizes who she is and calls out to Lisa to come back.

Cast
 Rock Hudson  as Dr. Michael Parker
 Cornell Borchers  as Lisa Gosting
 George Sanders  as Victor
 Shelley Fabares  as Suzy Parker
 Ray Collins  as Dr. Bailey
 David Janssen  as Dave Heller
 Helen Wallace  as Miss Tucker
 John Wengraf  as Prof. Zimmelman (as John E. Wengraf)
 Raymond Greenleaf  as Dr. Kelly Andrews
 Max Showalter  as Andy Leonard (as Casey Adams)
 John Banner  as Oskar, the Baker
 Jerry Paris  as Joe
 Else Neft  as Frau Hempel
 Clint Eastwood  as Will (uncredited)

Notes
In the interviews book "Sirk on Sirk. Conversations with John Halliday" (II ed., Faber and Faber, 1997, ), Douglas Sirk remembers how he took part in the preparation of the film, and how he was responsible for bringing to Hollywood from Germany the leading lady, Cornell Borchers. He states that he had to leave to shoot Written on the Wind, but later was called back by the head of the studio to reshoot some George Sanders scenes, probably at the request of the actor (who was a close friend of Sirk).
In the filmography of the book, the film is stated as produced in 1955, and "© MCMLV" can be read in the main titles.

See also
 List of American films of 1956

References

External links

1956 films
American films based on plays
Films based on works by Luigi Pirandello
Films directed by Jerry Hopper
Films directed by Douglas Sirk
1956 romantic drama films
American romantic drama films
Remakes of American films
Universal Pictures films
Films scored by Frank Skinner
1950s English-language films
1950s American films
English-language romantic drama films

Never Say Goodbye (1956 film)


, or dry meat, is a type of dried smoked meat product made by the Indigenous peoples of Canada including the Cree, Dene, and Métis. The term is loosely translated from the Cree language as "thin-sliced meat" with the meat used for its production from bison, elk, or moose. It is commonly made in the Indigenous community, considered a delicacy, and is also culturally significant.

Due to the popularity of the product and interest in Indigenous foods, the product is sold globally and many Canadian grocery chains have begun to sell the product domestically.

Production
 is traditionally produced by first slicing the meat parallel to the muscle grain into thin sheets. This can be done either in by slicing meat into separate layers that results in many smaller sheets, or by meticulously slicing a large piece of meat from a single muscle in a rolling fashion that produces a single long extended "scroll".  The sheets of sliced meat are then placed on a wooden frame to simultaneously dry and smoke over a small controlled flame. This is sometimes done inside a covered smoke shack. Many North American jerky foods had derived their production from this or similar Indigenous methods.

The product is shelf-stable, can kept for long periods without spoilage despite the lack of added modern preservatives, and can be consumed directly similarly to beef jerky or pounded to make pemmican.

See also

Pemmican
Jerky

References

Cree language
Native American cuisine
Dried meat
Indigenous cuisine in Canada
Traditional meat processing
Métis culture
Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
Smoked meat

Pânsâwân


Adwa Al-Dakheel () ; born 27 January 1992) is a Saudi Arabian author, poet, pilot, musician and entrepreneur. She is the founder and CEO of Falak, Ns3a and Dar Technology and co-founder of the Social Advisors. She also is the founder of the multiple exciting startups currently operating in the jewelry industry, the media industry and the financial technology industry.

Al-Dakheel won first prize in the poetry competition at the World Poetry Forum in Washington. Adwa wrote her debut book at the age of 16. She is also the author of the book "Proven Billionaire Formula". Al-Dakheel won an honorary grade at Suffolk University in Boston for three consecutive years.

Early life
Adwa was born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 27 January 1992. She started writing poems and playing guitar at the age of 8. Al-Dakheel won first prize in the poetry competition at the World Poetry Forum in Washington. Watching the Bloomberg channel on tv taught her how to analyze the stock exchange markets. After working on stock exchange markets as an analyst, she wrote her debut book "Proven Billionaire Formula" (Arabic: کتاب الزبدة). She also was the Kingdom's squash champion for 2008 and 2009.

References

Asian writers
Poets
Saudi Arabian businesspeople
People from Jeddah
Living people

Adwa Al-Dakheel


Arthur Ferdinand Yencken  (1 April 1894 – 18 May 1944) was an Australian-born British Army officer and diplomat. He was killed in an aircrash in Spain on 18 May 1944.

Early life
The son of Edward Yencken and his English-born wife Florence (née Orr), the family had built up a successful business over two generations. Like his father before him he was educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (BA 1919).

War service
Yencken joined the British Army at the outbreak of the First World War, being commissioned as second lieutenant into the 6th London Brigade, Royal Field Artillery on 21 August 1914. He was raised to temporary lieutenant on 28 July 1915, which was made substantive on 1 June 1916 when he was also confirmed as a temporary captain. He was made a substantive captain on 1 July 1917. He was further promoted to acting major on 22 May 1918, while commanding a battery.

On 26 September 1917 he was awarded the Military Cross. The citation was carried on 10 January 1918 as below:

Yencken relinquished his commission on 7 June 1919 as a major.

For his service as an acting major with 236 London Brigade, Royal Field Artillery he was mentioned in despatches by Sir Douglas Haig in the London Gazette on 7 July 1919.

Diplomatic service
On 10 October 1919 his appointment as a Third Secretary in His Majesty's Diplomatic Service was announced in the London Gazette, and he was gazetted to the British Foreign Office, Diplomatic Service on 4 November 1919.
The London Gazette carried an announcement of his appointment as a First Secretary from 15 July 1929. Yencken, was thus an Australian serving in the British Diplomatic Service. Australia did not have its own Foreign Service representation at this time.

Postings to Washington, USA, from 1920 to 1922, Berlin, Germany, from 1928 to 1932, Cairo, Egypt, as deputy High Commissioner from 1933 to 1936, and Rome, Italy, from 1937 to 1939 were followed by his appointment on 23 April 1939 to the British Embassy to Spain, then located in San Sebastian, with the rank of acting Counsellor. Following the Embassy's move back to Madrid in July 1940 he was given the local rank of Minister Plenipotentiary and in April 1941 also promoted to Counsellor. During his diplomatic posting to Spain he regularly acted as Chargé d'Affaires of the British Embassy. He died in an air crash in Spain at the age of 50 on 18 May 1944 while on diplomatic service.

Tennis
Yencken was a championship level tennis player. He played at Wimbledon in 1914, the Australian Open on 9 December 1922, Wimbledon on 7 July 1923 and again 3 July 1926 and finally in 1927.

Second World War
Yencken played a major role, with others in the Embassy, in working to ensure that Spain remained neutral and in preventing Franco from joining the Axis group. Yencken and wife Joyce also worked fearlessly in difficult and hostile conditions to repatriate to the UK Allied airmen having been being smuggled over the Pyrenees. She was a daughter of George Russell, a Victorian grazier. She with her sister grew up on his sheep station, Langi Willi, near Skipton.

On 12 June 1941 Yencken was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George at which time he held the position "Minister Plenipotentiary at His Majesty's Embassy in Madrid". At the time of his death he was British Chargé d'Affaires, Madrid.

April 1942 - Mr Arthur Yencken, British Minister in Madrid and his wife came to Gibraltar to meet Mr. R.G. Casey, ex Governor of Bengal, who was in Gibraltar on his way to Cairo to take up his post as British Minister Middle East. Mr. Casey had been the best man at the Yencken's wedding.

Yencken died on 18 May 1944 in an air crash south of Barcelona, Spain, when a small aircraft flown by the Assistant Air Attache at Madrid, Squadron Leader H. C. Caldwell, crashed in bad weather killing the pilot, Yencken and a Spanish engineer.

Family
On 5 June 1925 he married Mary Joyce Russell in St. Margarets, Westminster.

In 1948 his widow married Sir Denys Pilditch, the wartime director of counter-espionage in India. Joyce lived with him in England until her death in 1975, coincidentally in Madrid, though she returned frequently to Australia where her children John, Elizabeth, and David lived. His eldest son was Dr. John Yencken (1926–2012) distinguished for his services to science in Australia. His youngest son was David Yencken (1931–2019) distinguished for his services to history, design and conservation in Australia.

The Australian Press announced in December 1944 that Yencken's will left an estate valued at £96,446.

References

External links
"Man of many talents and pursuits". The Age. 21 January 2013.

1894 births
1944 deaths
Australian diplomats
Australian male tennis players
Australian people of British descent
Australian recipients of the Military Cross
British Army personnel of World War I
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Field Artillery officers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Spain
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1944
Tennis people from Victoria (state)
20th-century Australian businesspeople
Australian emigrants to the United Kingdom

Arthur Ferdinand Yencken


Ludvig Gade born in (16 April 1823 in Copenhagen–7 April 1897 in Copenhagen) was a Danish dancer and mime. Ludvig Gade was Director of Royal Danish Ballet 1877–1890 .

Gade came early into the Royal Danish Theater school . He stood as a ballet child on stage for the first time in 1836 in " Hermann von Unna, "but first had its debut 8 January 1844 in the " Festival in Albano ". His tall and powerful figure meant, howeverthat it was not as a dancer he should be known but as a mime . It was the character roles, ranging from the deepest tragic to the comic boldly, that was his strength. His roles include corporal Nouveau " Bellman ", King Svend in" Valdemar , "Knight Mogens in" A Folk Tale "servant of" Mountain Ground ", and perhaps the greatest of them all as Bear in" Valkyrie ".

In addition to his position as a dancer in ballet staff, he also had other tasks at the theater. In the 1857–1858 season, he was appointed as a stage director for the opera, during August Bournonville's leaves he served several times as a ballet conductor. After Bournonville's death in 1879, he took over the leadership of the Danish ballet. He retired from the Royal Danish Theatre at the end of the in 1889–1890 season, but later performed a few times as a guest of Harald Wartooth's role in 'Valkyrie'.

Gade became Knight of Dannebrog in 1886 and is buried in Assistants Cemetery . There is a painting of him by COJ Lund at the Royal Theatre as well as a woodcut of O. Andersen modelled after Lund's photograph.

References

Danish male dancers
1823 births
1897 deaths
Danish mimes

Ludvig Gade


Michael Dalvi (born 18 May 1945, Bombay, Maharashtra) is a former Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1966 to 1982.

Life and career
Dalvi is the son of Brigadier John Dalvi and was educated at the all-boys boarding school The Doon School in Dehradun. He received his undergraduate degree from St. Stephen's College, Delhi.

A right-handed batsman who usually batted at number three, Dalvi made his first-class debut in 1966-67 while studying at Delhi University. In his fifth game that season he made 158, his first century, and 45 for Delhi against Services in the Ranji Trophy, top-scoring in each innings.

He moved south in 1967 to play for Madras. After moderate seasons in 1967-68 and 1968-69 he was more successful in 1969-70, with 347 runs at an average of 49.57, including 134 and 21 not out in the victory over Andhra, again top-scoring in each innings, in the first match of the season. He was selected to play for an Indian Board President's XI against the touring New Zealanders and for South Zone against the touring Australians.

In 1970-71 he hit 108 for Tamil Nadu in the Gopalan Trophy match against Ceylon. He began the 1974-75 season with 19 and 108 against Hyderabad and 121 against Karnataka, and a few weeks later scored 179 against Sri Lanka, which is the highest score in the Gopalan Trophy by a Tamil Nadu batsman. He scored 112 and 79 not out in South Zone's victory over Central Zone in the Duleep Trophy in 1975-76.

After a moderate season in 1976-77 he moved to Bengal, where he played for five seasons with a top score of 151 against Assam in 1977-78 in his first innings for his new team. He also played several times for East Zone, scoring 112 against the touring West Indians in 1978-79. He retired after the 1981-82 season.

He runs a resort on his estate near Dehradun.

References

External links
 Michael Dalvi at CricketArchive

1945 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Delhi University alumni
Delhi cricketers
Tamil Nadu cricketers
Bengal cricketers
The Doon School alumni

Michael Dalvi


George Peck (August 8, 1797 – May 20, 1876) was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church who helped to found Cazenovia Seminary, and became its president in 1835.

Career
Peck received his Exhorter's License in 1815 and, in 1816, his local preacher's license. He served a year on the Cortland Circuit as a circuit rider, during which he visited small villages and hamlets throughout western New York, preached in the open air and people's parlors, occasionally in a church, without remuneration. In 1816, he joined the Genesee Conference.

Later, he convinced local farmers and businessmen to fund a Methodist Episcopal Seminary in Kingston, Pennsylvania, called Wyoming Seminary. After several two year pastoral assignments (two years was the standard in the Methodist Episcopal church at the time), he became editor of the Methodist Quarterly Review, the denomination's primary periodical, and general book editor of the denomination's publishing program from 1848–51; he followed this with a term as editor of the  Christian Advocate, from 1852 to 1853.

In the 1860s and 1870s, he took an active role in supporting the Holiness movement. The movement gained widespread support for its emphasis on which called upon adult conversions through which individuals sought Christian perfection; its sentimentality also created controversy and its critics claimed that the movement undermined the reality of the social gospel.

Family
Peck was born in 1791 in Middlefield, New York, to Luther Peck, a blacksmith, and Annis . He and his four brothers became ministers and pne, Jesse T. Peck, became a bishop. The trend in his family toward the Methodist ministry led his grandson, Stephen Crane, to say: "Upon my mother's side, everyone in my family became a Methodist clergyman as soon as they could walk, the ambling-nag, saddlebag, exhorting kind."

On June 19, 1819, he married Mary Myers of Forty Fort, Pennsylvania. They had four children: George M. and Luther Wesley, who became ministers in the same conference as their father; Wilbur Fiske, a medical doctor; and Mary Helen, a writer and mother of Stephen Crane. Peck died May 20, 1876, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was buried in Forty Fort Meeting.

Published works
As director of the Methodist Episcopal Church's publishing concern, Peck was responsible for several historical biographies in what was then the new style of historiography, drawing on the use of original documents.  These included a biography of John Wycliffe, and a history of the Wesley family. Peck was also editor of The Methodist Almanac published by Lane and Tippett.

He also published several tracts of his own work, most which were connected to the Holiness movement of the 1840s and 1850s.
Christian exertion, or, The duty of private members of the Church of Christ to labor for the souls of men. s.n. 1845.
National Evils and their Remedies: a discourse delivered on the occasion of the national fast, May 14, 1841, in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Greene-Street, New-York New York. G. Lane, 1841.
Appeal from tradition and common sense, or an answer to the question, what constitutes the divine rule of faith and practice.  New York. G. Lane, 1844.
The Scripture doctrine of Christian perfection stated and defended: with practical illustrations and advices. In a series of lectures. Abridged from the author's larger work.  New York, Lane and Tippett, 1845.
Slavery and the Episcopacy: being an examination of Dr. Bascom's review of the reply of the majority to the protest of the minority of the late General conference of the M.E. Church, in the case of Bishop Andrew. New York, G. Lane & C.B. Tippett, 1845.
Scripture doctrine of Christian perfection, with practical illustrations and advices in a series of lectures. New York, Lane & Scott, 1851.
Lives of the apostles and evangelists.  New-York, Pub. by Lane & Scott, for the Sunday-school union of the Methodist Episcopal church. 1851.
The formation of manly character: a series of lectures to young men. New York, Carlton & Phillips, 1853.
Wyoming (Pennsylvania) its history, stirring incidents and romantic adventures. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1858.
Scripture doctrine of Christian perfection stated and defended: with a critical and historical examination of the controversy, ancient and modern.  1860.
Early Methodism within the bounds of the old Genesee Conference. 1860.
Our country, its trial and triumph, A series of discourses suggested by the varying events of the war for the union. New York, Carlton & Porter, 1865.

His Sketches & incidents, or, A budget from the saddle-bags of a superannuated itinerant and Life and Times of Reverend George Peck, DD, offered insight into the challenges facing the itinerant clergyman, or circuit rider, as they had been called; by the time he published his memoirs in 1874, these roles for clergyman had long since disappeared.

Citations

Biographies
Peck, Rev. J.K., Luther Peck and His Five Sons, 1897.
Weyburn, S. Fletcher, History of a distinctive family of Scranton and Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. Lackawanna historical society, 1929.

Sources
Chaffee, Amasa Franklin  "George Peck," History of the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. New York: Eaton & Mains, 1904, pp. 220–223.  Found in  USGenWeb Archives.  Accessed 26 August 2009.

1797 births
1876 deaths
American Methodist clergy
Methodist circuit riders
Arminian writers
Arminian ministers
Cazenovia College
People from Middlefield, New York
American male writers
19th-century American clergy

George Peck (clergyman)


Beaver Dam State Park is a public recreation area encompassing more than  along Beaver Dam Wash in Lincoln County, Nevada. The state park is on the Nevada/Utah state line about  east of the town of Caliente.

History
Beaver Dam State Park was among the first four state parks established when the state park system was created by the Nevada Legislature in 1935. The Civilian Conservation Corps was active from 1934 to 1936 building camping and picnicking areas that were destroyed by floods later in the 1930s. Schroeder Reservoir was created with the construction of an earthen dam in 1961. After Schroeder Lake was washed out by flood in 2005, the reservoir was not rebuilt. In 2009, the reservoir was drained and Beaver Dam Wash was restored to its natural state.

Activities and amenities
The park has picnicking facilities, campgrounds, trout fishing in beaver ponds and streams, and hiking trails. The Overlook Trail offers a 360° view of the park.

References

External links
Beaver Dam State Park Nevada State Parks
Beaver Dam State Park Trail Map Nevada State Parks

Protected areas of Lincoln County, Nevada
State parks of Nevada
Protected areas established in 1935
1935 establishments in Nevada
Civilian Conservation Corps in Nevada

Beaver Dam State Park (Nevada)


One Long Year is Todd Rundgren's seventeenth album, released in 2000. It is composed of recordings that were released initially only to subscribers to Rundgren's online PatroNet facility, as well as other miscellany. To promote the album Rundgren performed "I Hate My Frickin' I.S.P." on Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

Track listing
All tracks are written by Todd Rundgren.
"I Hate My Frickin' I.S.P." - 3:47
"Buffalo Grass" - 4:32
"Jerk" - 4:40
"Bang on the Ukulele Daily" (live) - 3:05
"Where Does the Time Go?" - 4:48
"Love of the Common Man" - 3:28
"Mary and the Holy Ghost" - 4:22
"Yer Fast (And I Like It)" - 3:15
"Hit Me Like a Train" - 5:02
"The Surf Talks" - 5:49

Personnel
Todd Rundgren - all vocals and instruments, producer, engineer
 additional performers on "Love of the Common Man"
Ken Emerson - guitar
Jesse Gress - guitar
Kasim Sulton - bass
John Ferenzik - keyboards
Prairie Prince - drums

References

Todd Rundgren albums
2000 albums
Albums produced by Todd Rundgren
Artemis Records albums

One Long Year


Lt. Col. Courthorpe Clayton ( – 22 March 1762) was an Anglo-Irish soldier, courtier and Member of Parliament for Mallow.

Family
He was the son of Laurence Clayton of Mallow and his second wife Anne, daughter of Sir Peter Courthorpe of Little Island. On 6 August 1745, he married Theodosia, daughter of Edward Buckworth; they had one daughter. Courthorpe lived at Annabella near Mallow in County Cork and at Shepherd's Bush in Middlesex.

Soldier
Commissioned as an Ensign in the Coldstream Guards in 1725, he transferred to the Royal Horse Guards as a Cornet in 1727 and became a Lieutenant in the 1st Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards in 1731. In 1751 he was promoted to Major and in 1756 to Lieutenant-Colonel.

Courtier
In 1726 Courthorpe was appointed an equerry to the Prince of Wales, and served in the same capacity through the whole of the Prince's reign as King George II from 1727 to 1760. He was avener and clerk marshal from 1732 to 1734 and 1757 to 1760. In January 1761 he was granted a pension of £500 a year.

Member of Parliament
He was elected to the Irish House of Commons for Mallow in 1727 and (through the influence of Lord Cornwallis) to the British House of Commons for Eye on 5 May 1749, sitting until the dissolution of both Parliaments on the King's death in 1760. He was described by Lord Dupplin as a supporter of the Government in 1754 but is not known to have ever spoken or voted.

References
 The History of Parliament, The House of Commons, 1754-1790: Members A-J, p. 218 (online version)

1700s births
Date of birth unknown
1762 deaths
Royal Horse Guards officers
18th-century British Army personnel
Grenadier Guards officers
Irish MPs 1727–1760
British MPs 1747–1754
British MPs 1754–1761
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies

Courthorpe Clayton


Gerald Punch (born August 20, 1953) is an American auto racing and college football commentator known for his career at ESPN, as well as a physician. Punch also does local radio spots in Knoxville. Punch is also a Principal Investigator for an award-winning clinical research company, Alliance for Multispecialty Research or AMR, in Knoxville.

Early life
Punch grew up in Newton, North Carolina. He began his broadcasting career when he was selected to join the local radio station staff of Newton-Conover High School. The local radio station, WNNC in Newton, provided free air time to the local high school broadcasting organization with rotational assignments to aspiring broadcast journalists. Students at the high school auditioned for the much sought after staff positions. Punch was successful and was selected by fellow students to become a new reporter and, thus, he was permitted to participate in the weekly Saturday morning live broadcasts on WNNC.

Punch walked-on to the North Carolina State University football team, serving as a backup quarterback under coach Lou Holtz. He graduated magna cum laude at NC State in 1975 with a degree in zoology. He received a medical degree from Wake Forest University School of Medicine in 1979. Punch paid his college and medical school tuition through prize money earned racing at short tracks in North Carolina.

Prior to his broadcasting career, Punch worked as an emergency medicine physician. He initially worked at Halifax Medical Center in Daytona Beach, Florida in 1982. He later served as the director of emergency medicine at Bunnell Community Hospital (now known as Florida Hospital Flagler) in Palm Coast, Florida. For a period of time, Punch's medical and broadcasting careers overlapped.

Broadcasting career
Punch began radio broadcasting for Motor Racing Network (MRN) in 1980. In 1984, he began working for ESPN as a pit reporter for NASCAR races. While working at ESPN, Punch also moonlighted at TBS and SETN doing pit reporting; as he was the first to report on the eventually fatal injuries to driver Terry Schoonover during the 1984 Atlanta Journal 500 for the network's race coverage.

Punch has also been a pitlane reporter for the Indianapolis 500 from 1989 to 2006 and from 2010 to 2018. He also served as the lead play-by-play voice for ESPN's coverage of the Craftsman Truck Series until the network lost that contract to Speed Channel following the 2002 season. In addition, he called play-by-play for college basketball and football, and has served as a sideline reporter for college football.

On October 12, 2006, he was named the lead lap-by-lap commentator for ESPN's coverage of the Sprint Cup Series and the Nationwide Series starting in 2007 along with Rusty Wallace and Andy Petree. Punch and Petree were joined by Dale Jarrett in 2008 and stayed together until the end of the 2009 season; ESPN replaced Punch with Marty Reid for 2010 and returned him to pit road.

In 2015, after ESPN lost broadcast rights to NASCAR, Punch returned to his previous role as a sideline reporter for college football games on ESPN, pairing up with Mike Patrick and Ed Cunningham to call selected games on the network.

Punch also has been ESPN's expert for discussion of medical issues. He was consulted as a doctor in 1996 to report the condition of Nebraska quarterback Tommie Frazier, who would go undrafted in the NFL due to a blood clot in his left leg.

On April 26, 2017, after 30 years with ESPN, Punch was let go along with 99 other network employees. He continued to be the pit road reporter until the 2017 Chevrolet Dual in Detroit, the final IndyCar race on ESPN's contract for 2017. He would later return for the 2018 IndyCar season to cover the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500 as ABC airs its final year of IndyCar as NBC Sports has acquired the rights beginning in 2019.

In 2019, Punch returned to college football coverage with ESPN, serving as a part-time sideline reporter for games in 2019 and 2020.

Medical role in incidents
In 1988, in two separate incidents, Punch helped with the rescue efforts after the wrecks of Rusty Wallace and Don Marmor. In the case of Wallace's front-stretch crash at Bristol Motor Speedway, Punch happened to be on pit road at the time, and as a result, was the first person on the scene before the rescue crew could be scrambled. Punch's medical training proved pivotal, as Wallace was initially unconscious following the crash. Punch revived Wallace, who was able to start the following night's race with only minor injuries, driving for about half the race before giving his seat up to a relief driver. Wallace later worked with Punch in ESPN's coverage of NASCAR.

In 1989 at the Motorcraft Quality Parts 500, Punch was reporting from the pit stall of Richard Petty when a fire broke out, injuring two crew members who Punch proceeded to treat on the spot. Following the incident, ESPN mandated that its pit reporters wear fire-proof suits.

Punch is also credited with helping to save Ernie Irvan following a practice crash at Michigan International Speedway in August 1994. Punch also had aided injured pit crew members on pit road in several races in the 1990s.

While Punch was addressing a Nashville Superspeedway media luncheon he was interrupted by a loud crash from the back of the room. Punch immediately rushed from the podium to the back of the room where Jenny Gill (daughter of singer-musician, Vince Gill), a Nashville Superspeedway intern, had fainted. Punch helped revive her, and she was taken to a local care center for observation and soon recovered, according to Sean Dozier, the Superspeedway's public relations director. Punch returned to the podium and resumed his speech.

References

1953 births
Living people
Motorsport announcers
North Carolina State University alumni
Wake Forest University alumni
American television sports announcers
American emergency physicians
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
NC State Wolfpack football players
People from Newton, North Carolina

Jerry Punch


John Yates may refer to:

 Jack Yates (footballer, born 1860) (1860–?), English footballer with Stoke
 Jack Yates (footballer, born 1861) (1861–1917), England and Burnley footballer
 Jack Yates (John Henry Yates, 1828–1897), African American slave and later minister in Houston, Texas
 John B. Yates (1784–1836), American politician from New York
 John Melvin Yates (born 1939), American diplomat
 John P. Yates (1921–2017), American politician
 John R. Yates, American scientist specializing in proteomics
 John Yates (bishop) (1925–2008), former bishop of Gloucester
 John Yates (chemist) (1935–2015), American chemist
 John Yates (divine) (fl. 1612–1660), Anglican cleric
 John Yates (footballer, born 1929) (1929–2020), English footballer with Chester City
 John Yates (minister) (1755–1826), English Unitarian in Liverpool
 John Yates (police officer) (born 1959), former British police officer
 John Yates (rugby league), New Zealand rugby league international
 John Ashton Yates (1781–1863), member of parliament for County Carlow, Ireland

See also
 John Butler Yeats (pronounced Yates, 1839–1922), Irish artist

John Yates


The inferior nasal conchae (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is a bone inside the nose. There are three of them inside your nose.

It goes along the side wall of the nasal cavity. It is a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll, (turbinate meaning inverted cone).

Head (body part)

Inferior nasal conchae


A turret lathe is a form of metalworking lathe that is used for repetitive production of duplicate parts, which by the nature of their cutting process are usually interchangeable. It evolved from earlier lathes with the addition of the turret, which is an indexable toolholder that allows multiple cutting operations to be performed, each with a different cutting tool, in easy, rapid succession, with no need for the operator to perform set-up tasks in between (such as installing or uninstalling tools) or to control the toolpath. The latter is due to the toolpath's being controlled by the machine, either in jig-like fashion, via the mechanical limits placed on it by the turret's slide and stops, or via digitally-directed servomechanisms for computer numerical control lathes.

The name derives from the way early turrets took the general form of a flattened cylindrical block mounted to the lathe's cross-slide, capable of rotating about the vertical axis and with toolholders projecting out to all sides, and thus vaguely resembled a swiveling gun turret.

Capstan lathe is the usual name in the UK and Commonwealth, though the two terms are also used in contrast: see below, Capstan versus turret.

History

Turret lathes became indispensable to the production of interchangeable parts and  for mass production.

The first turret lathe was built by Stephen Fitch in 1845 to manufacture screws for pistol percussion parts. In the mid-nineteenth century, the need for interchangeable parts for Colt revolvers enhanced the role of turret lathes in achieving this goal as part of the "American system" of manufacturing arms. Clock-making and bicycle manufacturing had similar requirements.   Christopher Spencer invented the first fully automated turret lathe in 1873, which led to designs using cam action or hydraulic mechanisms.

From the late-19th through mid-20th centuries, turret lathes, both manual and automatic (i.e., screw machines and chuckers), were one of the most important classes of machine tools for mass production. They were used extensively in the mass production for the war effort in World War II.

Types
There are many variants of the turret lathe. They can be most generally classified by size (small, medium, or large); method of control (manual, automated mechanically, or automated via computer (numerical control (NC) or computer numerical control (CNC)); and bed orientation (horizontal or vertical).

Archetypical: horizontal, manual

In the late 1830s a "capstan lathe" with a turret was patented in Britain. The first American turret lathe was invented by Stephen Fitch in 1845. The archetypical turret lathe, and the first in order of historical appearance, is the horizontal-bed, manual turret lathe. The term "turret lathe" without further qualification is still understood to refer to this type. The formative decades for this class of machine were the 1840s through 1860s, when the basic idea of mounting an indexable turret on a bench lathe or engine lathe was born, developed, and disseminated from the originating shops to many other factories. Some important tool-builders in this development were Stephen Fitch; Gay, Silver & Co.; Elisha K. Root of Colt; J.D. Alvord of the Sharps Armory; Frederick W. Howe, Richard S. Lawrence, and Henry D. Stone of Robbins & Lawrence; J.R. Brown of Brown & Sharpe; and Francis A. Pratt of Pratt & Whitney. Various designers at these and other firms later made further refinements.

Semi-automatic

Sometimes machines similar to those above, but with power feeds and automatic turret-indexing at the end of the return stroke, are called "semi-automatic turret lathes". This nomenclature distinction is blurry and not consistently observed. The term "turret lathe" encompasses them all. During the 1860s, when semi-automatic turret lathes were developed, they were sometimes called "automatic". What we today would call "automatics", that is, fully automatic machines, had not been developed yet. During that era both manual and semi-automatic turret lathes were sometimes called "screw machines", although we today reserve that term for fully automatic machines.

Automatic

During the 1870s through 1890s, the mechanically automated "automatic" turret lathe was developed and disseminated. These machines can execute many part-cutting cycles without human intervention. Thus the duties of the operator, which were already greatly reduced by the manual turret lathe, were even further reduced, and productivity increased. These machines use cams to automate the sliding and indexing of the turret and the opening and closing of the chuck. Thus, they execute the part-cutting cycle somewhat analogously to the way in which an elaborate cuckoo clock performs an automated theater show. Small- to medium-sized automatic turret lathes are usually called "screw machines" or "automatic screw machines", while larger ones are usually called "automatic chucking lathes", "automatic chuckers", or "chuckers".

Machine tools of the "automatic" variety, which in the pre-computer era meant mechanically automated, had already reached a highly advanced state by World War I.

Computer numerical control
When World War II ended, the digital computer was poised to develop from a colossal laboratory curiosity into a practical technology that could begin to disseminate into business and industry. The advent of computer-based automation in machine tools via numerical control (NC) and then computer numerical control (CNC) displaced to a large extent, but not at all completely, the previously existing manual and mechanically automated machines.

Numerically controlled turrets allow automated selection of tools on a turret. CNC lathes may be horizontal or vertical in orientation and mount six separate tools on one or more turrets. Such machine tools can work in two axes per turret, with up to six axes being feasible for complex work.

Vertical
Vertical turret lathes have the workpiece held vertically, which allows the headstock to sit on the floor and the faceplate to become a horizontal rotating table, analogous to a huge potter's wheel. This is useful for the handling of very large, heavy, short workpieces. Vertical lathes in general are also called "vertical boring mills" or often simply "boring mills"; therefore a vertical turret lathe is a vertical boring mill equipped with a turret.

Other variations

Capstan versus turret
The term "capstan lathe" overlaps in sense with the term "turret lathe" to a large extent. In many times and places, it has been understood to be synonymous with "turret lathe". In other times and places it has been held in technical contradistinction to "turret lathe", with the difference being in whether the turret's slide is fixed to the bed (ram-type turret) or slides on the bed's ways (saddle-type turret). The difference in terminology is mostly a matter of United Kingdom and Commonwealth usage versus United States usage.

Flat
A subtype of horizontal turret lathe is the flat-turret lathe. Its turret is flat (and analogous to a rotary table), allowing the turret to pass beneath the part. Patented by James Hartness of Jones & Lamson, and first disseminated in the 1890s, it was developed to provide more rigidity via requiring less overhang in the tool setup, especially when the part is relatively long.

Hollow-hexagon
Hollow-hexagon turret lathes competed with flat-turret lathes by taking the conventional hexagon turret and making it hollow, allowing the part to pass into it during the cut, analogously to how the part would pass over the flat turret. In both cases, the main idea is to increase rigidity by allowing a relatively long part to be turned without the tool overhang that would be needed with a conventional turret, which is not flat or hollow.

Monitor lathe
The term "monitor lathe" formerly (1860s-1940s) referred to the class of small- to medium-sized manual turret lathes used on relatively small work. The name was inspired by the monitor-class warships, which the monitor lathe's turret resembled. Today, lathes of such appearance, such as the Hardinge DSM-59 and its many clones, are still common, but the name "monitor lathe" is no longer current in the industry.

Toolpost turrets and tailstock turrets
Turrets can be added to non-turret lathes (bench lathes, engine lathes, toolroom lathes, etc.) by mounting them on the toolpost, tailstock, or both. Often these turrets are not as large as a turret lathe's, and they usually do not offer the sliding and stopping that a turret lathe's turret does; but they do offer the ability to index through successive tool settings.

Example of a part-cutting cycle

By pushing the hand lever of a manual turret forward, the tool is moved via the turret's slide toward the workpiece being held by the chuck, soon making contact and cutting or forming the part. On the return stroke, the tool is retracted and then indexed to the next tool held in the turret. In this way, a sequence of operations can be performed on a part without switching tools with each operation. That is, different tools can be shifted into position without the need to unscrew one and screw in another. Each tool can be set for a different length of travel by a stop screw located at the far right of the turret.

As an example, if one wanted to make a batch of special knurled-head screws, the turret could be set up with tools and used in this sequence:
 Stop to set length of bar stock to be machined;
 Box tool to turn diameter of stock down to threading size;
 Geometric die head to cut external threads on turned-down part,
 Knurling tool to knurl the screw's head.
After this, a front tool on the cross slide could cut a groove in the knurled area, providing a chamfer, and then a rear tool would be brought forward to cut the finished screw from the bar, called "parting it off".

Threading on a Manual Lathe
An example of a process performed on a manual lathe is threading. Threading is a process that produces a helical ridge on the exterior of a round, machined part. The threads are cut by slowing down the speed of the spindle to 1/4 The tool that is used when threading is a sharp, 60 degree cutting tool. Threading follows a specific chart which can be located very easily on any machine. The steps to set up a machine for threading include:
 Setting the spindle speed to 1/4 of normal cutting speed for that material.
 Set the machine's quick change gearbox that matches the desired pitch.
 For right-handed threads, the compound rest needs to be set at 29 degrees.
 Set the 60 degree tool to the lathe center.
 Use layout solution to see changes in work easier then as you are cutting, use the cross feed to cut the threads in .025" roughing increments.
 When finishing, be careful not to run the cross feed too far in, or the threads will become too brittle and unreliable.
When threading, a tool as sharp as a threading tool can break very easily and become fragile. Make sure that tools are used correctly and safely.
A lathe can also be used to help with a tap and die process to add interior and exterior threads. To start the process, the tailstock of the lathe is used to line the tap or die handle up with the thread area on the part. As you turn the tap handle, use the tailstock to keep a good pressure on the tap or die.

References

Bibliography
 .

 .

External links
 Example cycle on a manual turret lathe, narrated by operator from YouTube
 Movement of the turrets and the taking of various cuts on a CNC vertical turret lathe from YouTube
 Movement of the turret and the taking of various cuts on a manual engine lathe retrofitted with a CNC turret from YouTube

Industrial history
Lathes
Industrial equipment

Turret lathe