Winifred Horan is an American violinist/fiddler of Irish descent.  After classical training, she played with the all-female Celtic music ensemble Cherish the Ladies before becoming an original member
of the Irish traditional music group Solas.

Biography
Horan was born in New York City
to Irish parents
and studied piano (taught by her father, a carpenter and musician)
and Irish fiddle playing at a young age.
She attended and graduated from the New England Conservatory
in Boston, Massachusetts, where she studied classical violin,
and the Aspen Music Festival and School in Aspen, Colorado.  She played with multiple orchestras, including the Boston Pops Orchestra, and string quartets, before joining the all-female Celtic music ensemble Cherish the Ladies in 1990.  She co-founded
Solas in 1994,
and is on fiddle and backing vocals.
On her participation in Solas and, in particular, touring with the group, Horan expressed in a 2008 interview: "Traveling the world with Solas has been one of the best things about being in the band."

Outside of her work with Solas, Horan was a member of and toured with The Sharon Shannon Band, and also performed with Irish singer-songwriter Pierce Turner. She was "featured fiddler" on When Juniper Sleeps, a 1996 solo album by Séamus Egan, and co-writer of certain tracks for the 1995 film The Brothers McMullen. She is also a nine-time champion Irish stepdancer and an All-Ireland fiddle champion,
having won an All-Ireland Junior Championship at age eleven.  In a December 2001 interview, Horan identified Liz Carroll, Egan, and Sharon Shannon as her top musical influences.

Horan released her first solo album, Just One Wish, in October 2002 on Shanachie Records. In 2006, she and fellow Solas member Mick McAuley, an accordionist, released Serenade on Compass Records, with covers of "After the Gold Rush" by Neil Young and "Make You Feel My Love" by Bob Dylan.
Siobhán Long, writing for The Irish Times, listed Serenade as fifth on her list of top five Irish traditional music albums released in 2006.  Horan composed two of the album's tracks: "Little Mona Lisa" and "A Daisy in December", which was featured during the third season of the American reality television competitive dance series So You Think You Can Dance.

Horan lives in Dover, New Hampshire and is currently a member of the faculty of The New England Conservatory.

Selected discography

with Cherish The Ladies
 1992 – The Back Door
 1993 – Out And About
 1998 – One and All: The Best of Cherish the Ladies

with Solas
 1996 — Solas
 1997 — Sunny Spells and Scattered Showers
 1998 — The Words That Remain
 2000 — The Hour Before Dawn
 2002 — The Edge of Silence
 2003 — Another Day
 2005 — Waiting for an Echo
 2006 — Reunion: A Decade of Solas – CD and DVD
 2008 — For Love and Laughter
 2010 — The Turning Tide
 2013 — Shamrock City

Solo and other selected albums
 1996 — The Irish Isle: Traditional Irish Music (James Keane with Winifred, Seamus Egan, Sue Richards)
 2002 — Just One Wish
 2002 — Pleasures Of Home (Cracker Barrel label)
 2006 — Serenade (with Mick McAuley)
 2014 — Lost Girl Found

References

External links
 Winifred Horan on Myspace

American fiddlers
American people of Irish descent
Aspen Music Festival and School alumni
Living people
Musicians from New York City
New England Conservatory alumni
Musicians from Philadelphia
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American women musicians

Winifred Horan


Han Xu (May 26, 1924 – July 19, 1994) was a Chinese diplomat who served as the Chinese Ambassador to the United States from 1985 to 1989, and as Vice Foreign Minister of China from 1982 to 1985.

Early life
Han was born May 26, 1924, in Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province. His original name was Shen Chongjian (), and Hanxu was his courtesy name, which he later adopted as his full name.

His father, Shen Jiayi (), served as a grand justice during the rule of the Chinese Nationalist Government. Because of his father's position in the government, Han received an elite education. In the 1940s, he studied at Yenching University in Beijing where he met Communist leaders including the future Premier Zhou Enlai. Following his graduation from Yenching, Han worked as an English professor at the North China Allied University for several years where he met his wife, Ge Jiyun.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Han joined the Chinese Communist army as a guerrilla fighter. His unit helped to rescue American pilots who were shot down by the Japanese over the mountainous areas of northern China. He kept bank notes signed by the pilots he helped save as souvenirs. Han's elder brother, Shen Chonghui (), had joined the Republic of China Air Force as a pilot and died in 1937 while bombing the Japanese cruiser Izumo during the Battle of Shanghai.

After the surrender of Japan in 1945, Han served as an interpreter for the peace talks between the Communists and the Nationalists, which were brokered by the United States.

Career
In the wake of the Communist victory over the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War, Han joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs where he took the position of Director of the Protocol Department, a position he would occupy from 1949 until 1963. From 1963 until 1965, Han served as the first secretary of the Chinese Embassy in Moscow. As Director of Protocol, Han assisted in US President Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China. According to the US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Han was the first person to greet him when he visited China in 1971.

In 1973, Han was promoted to the first deputy chief of the Chinese Liaison Office in Washington, D.C. In the six years Han served the post, he became popular among many in Washington for his sociable attitude and fluency in English.

Following his role as deputy chief of the Liaison Office, Han became Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1982. As Vice Minister, Han worked with United States on resolving the Taiwan issue. Over a series of trips and negotiations between then Vice President George H. W. Bush, the two parties came to sign the Third Communiqué that would work to decrease the sale of arms to Taiwan by the United States.

In 1985, Han returned to Washington to become the third Chinese ambassador to the United States. In the aftermath 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, the Chinese government and the Chinese Embassy in the United States found themselves flooded with demands for a response. On June 24, 1989, nearly three weeks after the conclusion of the events in Beijing, Han penned an article in The New York Times. It overwhelmingly supported the government action, while also acknowledging the "unfortunate loss of life" that had occurred: "There was, I regret to say, loss of life on both sides. I wonder whether any other government confronting such an unprecedented challenge would have handled the situation any better than mine did."

Later life
After leaving his position as ambassador in 1989, Han was made chairman of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. As chair, he continued to meet with current and former U.S. officials such as former president Richard Nixon.

On July 19, 1994, Han died of cancer in his Beijing home. When Henry Kissinger learned of his death, he remarked that Han "did many extraordinary things to further Chinese-American relations."

References

External links
 Ambassador Han Xu's full remarks on the Tiananmen Square Protests

1924 births
1994 deaths
Diplomats of the People's Republic of China
Ambassadors of China to the United States
Politicians from Nanjing
Yenching University alumni
Chinese military personnel of World War II
Chinese expatriates in the Soviet Union

Han Xu


Tolfa is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy; it lies to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road.

It is the main center in the Monti della Tolfa, an extinct volcanic group between Civitavecchia and the Lake of Bracciano.

History
A town of medieval origin in the orbit of Viterbo, it was assumed into the Papal States and granted first to the Capocci family, and then to the Roman nobles Ludovico and Pietro Frangipani who walled the community. Tolfa achieved sudden importance following the discovery there in 1461 of large deposits of alunite, the source of alum, with the result that direct control was assumed, after some confrontations with the Frangipani, by the Camera Apostolica. Alum was an essential mordant in the textile industry, which was central to the Late Medieval and Early Modern Italian economy. Previously, the only supplies of alum were imported from the East, from sources controlled by the Ottoman Turks, through Venice, which profited greatly. Suddenly, the monopoly of alum shifted to the Papacy, which controlled Tolfa; Pope Pius II placed its distribution solely in the hands of the Medici, with the explicit thought that the income from this monopoly should be devoted to the Christian res publica as the infidel Turk, elated by his victories, threatened to devour Christendom. Later, the monopoly in extraction of alum at Tolfa passed as a papal gift to Agostino Chigi.

In 1530, Pope Clement VII granted the status of comune to Tolfa, which had outgrown its medieval walls. In later times, Tolfa continued to be supported by the extraction of alum. Near the mine, the workmen's village of Allumiere was built; it became an autonomous comune in 1826.

Main sights
Remains of the walls and of the Frangipani castle (Rocca di Tolfa), destroyed by the French troops in 1799 after the city had rebelled against the Roman Republic.
Town Hall, housing a collection of Etruscan and Roman antiquities discovered nearby.
Church of Sant'Egidio Abate
Convent of the Augustinians (early 16th century), now housing the communal library and civic museum.
Convent of the Capuchin Order (1621).
Castle Rota

Film locations
In the TV series, Medici: Masters of Florence, Castle Rota is both Francesco Sforza's army camp and the village where Lorenzo finds the mercenary Ferzetti.

Twin towns
 Dingle, Ireland
 Għajnsielem, Malta
 Salobreña, Spain
 Slovenske Konjice, Slovenia

Notes

External links
 Archeological sites

Cities and towns in Lazio
Hilltowns in Lazio
Castles in Italy

Tolfa


The Isabelle Stevenson Award is a non-competitive philanthropic award presented as part of the Tony Awards to "recognize an individual from the theatre community who has made a substantial contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian, social service or charitable organizations, regardless of whether such organizations relate to the theatre." It is named for Isabelle Stevenson, a dancer who performed for audiences all round the world and was president and later chairperson of the board of the American Theatre Wing until her death in 2003. A single recipient is chosen by the Tony Award Administration Committee and may not be presented at every ceremony. The international press regards the Tony Awards as America's most prestigious theater awards.

The American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League present the winner with a copy of a circular brass and bronze medallion designed by art director Herman Rosse at an annual award ceremony in New York City. The award has been presented annually since the 63rd Tony Awards in 2009. Actress Phyllis Newman was chosen as its inaugural recipient for her work in establishing the Phyllis Newman Women's Health Initiative in 1995 and raising $3.5 million for the organization. Since then, another six women and six men have received the award and no one has won it more than once. As of the 76th Tony Awards in 2023, which honored theatre over the 2022–23 theater season, director-choreographer Jerry Mitchell is the most recent winner in this category "his dedication and contributions to Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS and for more than three decades of volunteer service through the arts"

Recipients

See also
 Special Tony Award
 Society of London Theatre Special Award

References

External links

Tony Awards
Awards established in 2009
2009 establishments in the United States

Isabelle Stevenson Award


Privatdozent (for men) or Privatdozentin (for women), shortened to PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz. is a title given to students at European universities, especially in German-speaking countries. This position shows that some students have abilities and lets them teach a subject at the highest level. To be given the position Priv.-Doz, one has to complete criteria put by the university which usually needs abilities in the operation of making observations, teaching, and further education. In its current use, the sign of position shows that the owner has completed their habilitation. They are allowed to teach and learn about students freely without a professorship.

References

Education in Europe

Privatdozent


Debra Hickenlooper Sowell is a dance historian and professor of humanities and theater history at Southern Virginia University.  She retired as an associate professor of humanities in the Department of Humanities, Classics and Comparative Literature at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 2011.

Biography
She received her B.A. cum laude and with High Honors from the Honors Program at BYU, where she majored in humanities and emphasized French literature.  She gained her M.A. in theater history from Tufts University, where she worked with Peter Arnott, and her Ph.D. in performance studies from New York University, where she wrote her dissertation under the supervision of the distinguished dance critic Marcia Siegel.  She danced with the BYU Theatre Ballet and later with the Cambridge Court Dancers, where she studied and performed Renaissance dance with Ingrid Brainard.  She took courses in dance history under Jeanette Roosevelt and Walter Sorell at Columbia University and a National Endowment for the Humanities Seminar in theatrical dance under the supervision of Selma Jeanne Cohen, who became her mentor.  Cohen later edited the International Encyclopedia of Dance, to which Sowell contributed articles on Carlotta Brianza, the Christensen Brothers(Lew Christensen, Harold Christensen and Willam Christensen), and Nicola Guerra, as well as approximately 50 illustrations with accompanying captions for the six-volume encyclopedia.

Other scholarship

An active participant, former secretary and board member of the Society of Dance History Scholars, Sowell has made numerous presentations over the years on a variety of topics, from costume designs of Jean Berain to Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurist Dance.  Her 580-page tome devoted to The Christensen Brothers: An American Dance Epic (Harwood, 1998) garnered two awards:  the 1998 Evans Handcart Award for western biography and the 1999 De la Torre Bueno Prize's Special Citation from the Dance Perspectives Foundation.  She has also received a John M. Ward Fellowship to accomplish research at the Harvard Theatre Collection and was awarded a BYU Alcuin Fellowship in recognition of her contributions to undergraduate education. She co-authored Il Balletto romantico: Tesori della Collezione Sowell (L'Epos, 2007) and Icones du ballet romantique: Marie Taglioni et sa famille (Gremese, 2016) with Madison U. Sowell, Francesca Falcone and Patrizia Veroli. Her most recent publications focus on the Romantic ballet in Italy.

Personal life
Sowell was born in Seattle, Washington, to Monte P. Hickenlooper and Susan Nelson Hickenlooper.

Debra Sowell is married to Madison U. Sowell, a BYU professor emeritus of Italian and comparative literature, former provost at Southern Virginia University and at Tusculum University. Together they presided over the Italy Milan Mission of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1998 to 2001. They have also assembled perhaps the largest private collection of pre-20th-century rare dance prints and books in the United States.  Together with curator Paul L. Anderson, they produced the exhibit "Splendor and Spectacle: Images of Dance from Court Ballet to Broadway" (July–December 2007) for the BYU Museum of Art.  The exhibit was based solely on materials in the Sowell Collection, as were the illustrations for their book on Il balletto romantico (Palermo: L'Epos, 2007). A 1994 exhibit at the BYU Special Collections was also largely drawn from the Sowell's collection.

Among other positions in the LDS Church, Sowell has served as a ward Relief Society president and a stake Relief Society president.

Notes

References

 Madison U. Sowell, The Art of Terpsichore from Renaissance Festivals to Romantic Ballets, Introduction by Debra H. Sowell (Friends of the BYU Library, 1994).
 Debra H. Sowell, The Christensen Brothers: An American Dance Epic (Harwood, 1998).
 Madison U. Sowell, Debra H. Sowell, Francesca Falcone, and Patrizia Veroli, Il balletto romantico: Tesori della Collezione Sowell (Palermo: L'Epos, 2007), esp. pp. 17–21 which relate the story of the Sowell Collection.
 Madison U. Sowell, Debra H. Sowell, Francesca Falcone, and Patrizia Veroli, Marie Taglioni et sa famille : Icônes du ballet romantique (Rome: Gremese, 2016).
Mormon Literature Database listing for Sowell

External links
 http://moa.byu.edu
 http://www.byu.edu
Southern Virginia University faculty page

20th-century Mormon missionaries
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Living people
American Mormon missionaries in Italy
21st-century Mormon missionaries
Female Mormon missionaries
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
New York University alumni
American female dancers
American dancers
Columbia University alumni
Southern Virginia University faculty
Dance historians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Latter Day Saints from Virginia
Latter Day Saints from Massachusetts
Latter Day Saints from New York (state)

Debra H. Sowell


Islamic Clericalism in Iran has a long history and had a remarkable impact on Iranian society, politics as well as on Islamic theology.

Emergence
There are controversies about the emergence of clericalism in Iran. Some scholars believe that clericalism dates back to 1000 years ago.

Schools

Shia:
Najaf seminaries
Qom seminaries
Mashhad Seminaries
Sunni:
Zahedan seminaries

Structure and functions:

Over the course of history, Iranian seminaries have had traditional functions in the religious sphere to provide support to civil society in the country. However, after the Iranian revolution in 1979, seminaries have been highly politicized and their independence greatly reduced. The revolution created a new political order based on Shiite theological foundations and the absolute ruling power was given to a Shiite jurist/cleric.

The history of Qom seminaries dates back to 3rd century (Hijri). Hossein Ibn Said Ahvazi, a famous theologian, moved from Kufa to Qom. He educated the first generation of clerics in Qom.

Impact on the economy
Many clerics have been involved in high-profile economic activities, most notably Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Abbas Vaez-Tabasi and Nasser Makarem Shirazi.

Impact on Iranian politics
Clerics involved in politics during Safavid and Qajar era
Allameh Majlesi
Mirza Shirazi
Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi (Afghan)

 Clerics involved in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Seyyed Mohammad Tabataba'i
Seyyed Abdollah Behbehani
Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani
Mohammad Kazem Khorasani
Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri (against the Constitutional Revolution)
Mohammed Kazem Yazdi (against the Constitutional Revolution)

Influential Clerics of the Pahlavi era
Seyyed Hassan Modarres
Seyyed Abolghasem Kashani
Navvab Safavi
Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Falsafi

Clerics involved in the Iranian Revolution
Ruhollah Khomeini
Hosseinali Montazeri
Morteza Motahhari
Mohammad Beheshti

 Clerics acting as high officials

Ali Khamenei
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Mohammad Khatami
Hassan Rouhani
Mohammad Yazdi
Ali Meshkini
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Ahmad Jannati
Mehdi Karroubi
 Ebrahim Raisi
 Ahmad Khatami
 Sadeq Larijani

Political parties founded by clerics
Association of Combatant Clerics
Combatant Clergy Association

Institutions exclusively associated with clerics
Special Clerical Court

Impact on other societies
Ali Sistani

See also
Islam in Iran

References

External links
History of Qom seminaries (in Persian)
Organization of Shafei Sunni Clericalism in Iran (in Persian)
Organization of Hanafi Sunni Clericalism in Iran (in Persian)

Islam in Iran

Clericalism in Iran


Anthoni van Noordt (c. 1619 – 23 March 1675) was a Dutch composer and organist.

Born in Amsterdam, where he lived throughout his life, he was the brother of Jacobus and Jan van Noordt. He became the organist of the Nieuwezijdskapel in 1652, and moved to take up a post at the Nieuwe Kerk in 1664, where he remained until 1673.

His known compositions are all for organ, and are in the tradition of Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck and the North German school. There are ten psalm settings, of which nine include variations, and six fugal fantasias. The works are of a high quality, showing contrapuntal mastery and a sure technique. The works were printed in a Tabulatuur-boeck van psalmen en fantasyen (Amsterdam, 1659), now in the library of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków; the notation used is unusual, with manual parts on two six-line staves (known as Anglo-Dutch notation) and the pedal part underneath in German organ tablature.

Further reading
His compositions may be found in a copy by A.G. Ritter made in 1882, in Uitgave van oudere Noord-Nederlandsche Meesterwerken''' XIX (1896, 1976), the psalm settings in an edition by P. Pidoux (Kassel, 1954), and the psalms and fantasias in Jan van Biezen's edition (Amsterdam, 1976).
H. van Nieuwkoop: Anthoni van Noordt and the Organs of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam, Organ Yearbook XXI (1990)
H. van Nieuwkoop: Anthoni van Noordt and Matthias Weckmann: Two Contemporaries'', (Weckmann Symposium: Göteborg 1991)

Sources
Randall H. Tollefsen/Johan Giskes, 'Noordt [Noort, Noord, Oort, Oord], van', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 2007-06-10), http://www.grovemusic.com/

External links

German Baroque composers
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
Dutch classical organists
Organists and composers in the North German tradition
German male organists
Musicians from Amsterdam
1610s births
1675 deaths
17th-century classical composers
17th-century male musicians
Male classical organists

Anthoni van Noordt


Peter Kavanagh (19 March 1916 – 27 January 2006) was a writer, scholar, and publisher who collected, edited, and published the works of his brother, poet Patrick Kavanagh.

Education
Kavanagh was born in the Parish of Inniskeen, Ireland, the youngest of ten children. He attended the local schools, continued to secondary school, and upon receiving his diploma from the Patrician Brothers School in Carrickmacross, Kavanagh attended St. Patrick's Teachers College in Dublin, where he became a certified National Teacher (1936), graduated M.A. from the National University of Ireland (1941), and Ph.D. from Trinity College, Dublin in (1944).

Scholarship
Kavanagh began his writing career as the historian of the Irish theatre. His first publication, The Irish Theatre (1946), detailed the origins and development of theatre in Ireland.

His next work was The Story of the Abbey Theatre (New York, 1950). Seán O'Casey described it in a front-page review in the New York Times Book Review as "impartial history and the best book written on the subject". In 1950, Kavanagh edited the subject Ireland in the Encyclopædia Britannica (1950–1) and wrote articles pertaining to Ireland for the American Mercury magazine (1950–2), under the editorship of William Bradford Huie.

In 1952, with Patrick Kavanagh, he founded Kavanagh's Weekly, a literary journal created to give the poet a forum in which to express his point of view. It lasted only 13 weeks.

Publishing
Kavanagh came to the United States in 1946 where he began teaching at St. Francis College in Brooklyn, New York. From 1947 to 1949 he was a Professor of Modern Poetry at Loyola University, Chicago. From 1949 to 1950 he taught poetry at Gannon College (now University) in Erie, Pennsylvania, and 1964–1968 at the University of Wisconsin–Stout.

In 1958, Kavanagh, now living permanently in New York, built his own printing press from scraps of wood and metal collected from construction sites near his apartment on East 29th Street. He wrote, printed and published a series of plays based on the lives of several Catholic saints. He then set out to publish his brother's poetry, which had been largely ignored by commercial publishers. Kavanagh dismissed commercial publishing as being substandard. His first major accomplishment as the publisher of the Peter Kavanagh Handpress was to print, publish, and copyright a selection of Patrick's poetry in a work entitled, Recent Poems.

In 1960, he hand-printed a synopsis of the John Quinn letters, then held exclusively by the New York Public Library. The New York Times of 17 January 1960, reported the event in a front-page story. The Library sued for breach of copyright.

After the death of Patrick Kavanagh in 1967, Peter Kavanagh ended his career as a Professor of Modern Poetry at the University of Wisconsin–Stout, and began publishing a series of books on the poet's life:
Lapped Furrows (1969), correspondence between himself and Patrick as well as a memoir on Patrick by Sister Celia
November Haggard, a collection of prose and poetry (1971)
Garden of the Golden Apples, A Bibliography (1971)
Complete Poems of Patrick Kavanagh (1972, 1984, 1996, 2001)
By Night Unstarred (1978), a conflated novel by Patrick Kavanagh
Sacred Keeper (1978), a biography
Patrick Kavanagh: A Life Chronicle (2000), also a biography

He published several other books including a Dictionary of Irish Mythology, several plays including The Dancing Flame: A Documentary Drama of the Poet in Society (1981); and his own autobiography in two parts, Beyond Affection  (1977) and Piling Up the Ricks (1989). He devoted the rest of his life to placing the works of the poet on the record.

In 1986, Kavanagh negotiated the sale of Patrick Kavanagh's papers as well as a large collection of his own work devoted to the late poet. Kavanagh included in the sale his original hand press. The archive is housed in a special collections room at University College Dublin, and the hand press is on loan to the Patrick Kavanagh Literary Resource Centre, Inniskeen.

References

1916 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Dublin
Alumni of the National University of Ireland
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Gannon University faculty
Irish emigrants to the United States
Irish non-fiction writers
Irish male non-fiction writers
Loyola University Chicago faculty
People from Inniskeen
University of Wisconsin–Stout faculty
St. Francis College people
20th-century non-fiction writers
Scholars and academics from County Monaghan
People educated at Patrician High School, Carrickmacross

Peter Kavanagh (writer)


Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, KT (18 June 1743 – 17 June 1827), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1752, was a Scottish nobleman, described by Kaimes as the "greatest subject in Britain", and was also known as the Cock o' the North, the traditional epithet attached to the chief of the Gordon clan.

Early life
Alexander Gordon was born at Gordon Castle, Fochabers, on 18 June 1743, the eldest son of Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon, and his wife, Lady Catherine Gordon, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Aberdeen. He was educated at Eton and also possibly at Harrow. He succeeded as 4th Duke of Gordon in 1752. His younger brother was Lord George Gordon, who incited the Gordon riots.

He was elected as a Scottish representative peer in 1767. In 1778 the government allocated funds to raise three fencible regiments in 'North Britain', one of which was the 'Gordon Fencibles' or North Fencibles' raised by Gordon for the Anglo-French War 1778-83, this was disbanded in 1783. He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1775 and was created a Peer of Great Britain as Baron Gordon of Huntley, of Huntley in the County of Gloucester, and Earl of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, in 1784. His new titles were not universally popular. He was thought to have taken designations to which he had no right. The Scots Peerage described the Gordon of Huntley peerage as "an absurd specimen of Peerage topography. The village of Huntley, four miles from Newent in Gloucestershire, had apparently no connection with the Gordon family or with the town of Huntly in North Britain." George Edward Cokayne in The Complete Peerage says the following with regard to the Duke's choice of Norwich for his earldom: "His great-grandmother was the daughter of the 5th Duke of Norfolk and 1st Earl of Norwich, but though that title had become extinct in 1777, the representation thereof did not vest in the issue of that lady."

He was Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland from 1794 to 1806 and from 1807 to 1827. Between 1793 and 1827, he was Chancellor of King's College, Aberdeen. In addition, he was Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire until 1808. He received the Order of the Thistle from King George III on 11 January 1775. The Dictionary of National Biography described him thus: "At the time of his marriage the Duke was reputed one of the handsomest men of his day".

He raised the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot in 1794 for the French Revolutionary Wars. He was responsible for establishing the new village of Fochabers as well as those of Tomintoul and Portgordon in Banffshire. He is also credited as the founder of the Gordon Setter breed of dog, having popularised a 200-year-old breed during the 18th century and then formalised its breed standard in 1820.

He was an enthusiastic supporter and patron of the music of William Marshall (1748–1833), a Scottish fiddler and composer, and famous for his many strathspeys, who acted as steward of the Gordon household.

Marriage and family

Gordon married firstly on 23 October 1767 at Ayton, Scottish Borders, and again at Mr. Fordyce's house in Argyll Street, Edinburgh, Jane, the daughter of the late Sir William Maxwell, 3rd Baronet of Monreith, by his wife, the Lady Magdalen Maxwell, daughter of William Blair, of Blair, Ayrshire. Jane was described by the diarist Sir Nathaniel Wraxall as a celebrated beauty. From 1787 she was part of the social centre of the Tory party and was described in the Female Jockey Club of 1794 as possessing "an open ruddy countenance, quick in repartée, and no one excelling her in performing the honours of the table, her society is generally courted".  It went on to say that
"The Duchess triumphs in a manly mien;
Loud is her accent, and her phrase obscene."
She resided for some years in Edinburgh, but eventually refused to renew her residence at George Square, Edinburgh, because it was "a vile dull place".
The Hon. Henry Erskine is said to have written the following lines to her:
"That is, quoth he, as if the Sun should say,
A vile dark morning this  –  I will not rise to-day."
The Duke and Duchess's marriage was tempestuous from the start and neither made any particular effort to be faithful to the other. For some years before her death, she was bitterly estranged from the Duke. While the Duchess circulated at the centre of society, the Duke lived in retirement at Gordon Castle.  Elizabeth Grant mentions "The great width of the Spey, the bridge at Fochabers, and the peep of the towers of Gordon Castle from amongst the cluster of trees that concealed the rest of the building....the Duke lived very disreputably in this solitude, for he was very little noticed, and, I believe, preferred seclusion."

The Duchess is best remembered for placing the King's shilling between her teeth to help recruitment to the Gordon Highlanders which were founded by her husband. However, she also possessed a capacity for match-making which was unrivalled. Of her five daughters, three were married to Dukes (Richmond, Manchester and Bedford) and one to a Marquess (Cornwallis).

The Duchess of Gordon died at Pulteney's Hotel, Piccadilly, Middlesex, on 14 April 1812 and was buried at her beloved Kinrara near Aviemore. After her death Alexander married at the Kirk of Fochabers (probably Bellie) in July 1820, Jane [or Jean] Christie, who was a native of Fochabers and was then aged about 40. Alexander had previously had four children by her. After their marriage, she lived in great style, not at the castle, but at a townhouse in Fochabers. She claimed that by residing at the Castle, which the Duke had rebuilt and enlarged considerably, none of his friends would visit him.

One of the Duke's illegitimate sons, Colonel Charles Gordon, was given the property of Glasterim near Port Gordon. Curiously, Colonel Gordon had been a great favourite with the late Duchess. Elizabeth Grant described Colonel Gordon as "much beloved by Lord Huntly, whom he exceedingly resembled, and so might have done better for himself and all belonging to him, had not the Gordon brains been of the lightest with him".

Jane died on 17 June 1824. The Duke himself died suddenly at Mount Street, Berkeley Square, on 17 June 1827, and was buried in Elgin Cathedral. He was succeeded by his son George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon.

Legitimate issue
The Duke had a total of seven children by his first wife:
 Lady Charlotte Gordon (Gordon Castle, 20 September 1768 – London, 5 May 1842); married 9 September 1789 at Gordon Castle, Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, and had issue. She was the hostess of the Duchess of Richmond's Ball—"the most famous ball in history", and eventually inherited all of the vast estates of the Gordon family.
George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon (Edinburgh, 2 February 1770 – London, 28 May 1836)
 Lady Madelaine Gordon (1772 – 31 May 1847); married firstly 2 April 1789 in London Sir Robert Sinclair, 7th Baronet (died August 1795), and had issue; married secondly 25 November 1805 at Kimbolton Castle Charles Fysche Palmer of Luckley Park, Berkshire with no issue.
Lady Susan Gordon (Gordon Castle, 2 February 1774 – Bedfont Lodge, 26 August 1828); married 7 October 1793 in Edinburgh, William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester, and had issue. Elizabeth Grant of Rothiemurchas in her Memoirs of a Highland Lady noted in 1812 that "the Duchess [of Manchester] had left home years before with one of her footmen", while Lady Jerningham wrote in September 1813 that "The Duchess of Manchester is finally parted from her husband, her conduct being most notoriously bad".
 Lady Louisa Gordon (Gordon Castle, 27 December 1776 – Park Crescent, Middlesex, 5 December 1850); married 17 April 1795 in London, Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, and had issue.  Allegedly, when the Marquess had "expressed to the Duchess of Gordon some hesitation about marrying her daughter on account of the supposed insanity in the Gordon family, he received from the Duchess the gratifying assurance that there was not a drop of Gordon blood in Louisa."
 Lady Georgiana Gordon (Gordon Castle, 18 July 1781 – Nice, 24 February 1853); married 23 June 1803 in London John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford, and had issue.
 Lord Alexander Gordon (1785 – 8 January 1808); served as an officer in the British Army, unmarried.

In popular culture
Gordon has twice been depicted incorrectly as fighting at the Battle of Waterloo: in the 1970 film Waterloo, where he was played by Rupert Davies, and the Dad's Army episode A Soldier's Farewell, where he was played by John Laurie.

References

External links

Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon

1743 births
1827 deaths
Burials at Elgin Cathedral
104
Earls of Norwich
Peers of Great Britain created by George III
Keepers of the Great Seal of Scotland
Knights of the Thistle
Lord-Lieutenants of Aberdeenshire
People from Moray
Scottish representative peers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Gordon Highlanders officers
People educated at Eton College
12
People from Fochabers

Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon


Sanakht (also read as Hor-Sanakht) is the Horus name of an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Third Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. His chronological position is highly uncertain (though he is more likely to have reigned towards the end of the dynasty), and it is also unclear under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him. Many Egyptologists connect Sanakht with the Ramesside cartouche name Nebka. However, this remains disputed because no further royal title of that king has ever been found; either in contemporary source or later ones. There are two relief fragments depicting Sanakht originally from the Wadi Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula.

Identity
Sanakht's identity and position in the Third Dynasty is not entirely clear and remains the subject of debate. While Sanakht's existence is attested by seal fragments from mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf and a graffito, his position as the founder of the Third Dynasty, as recorded by Manetho and the Turin Canon, has been seriously undermined by recent archaeological discoveries at Abydos. These discoveries establish that it was likely Djoser who helped bury—and thus succeed—Khasekhemwy, rather than Sanakht. This is determined from seals bearing Djoser's name found at the entrance to the latter's tomb.

Proponents of the theory that Sanakht was nonetheless the founder of the dynasty object that the presence of Djoser's seals in Khasekhemwy's tomb only shows that Djoser conducted cultural rituals in honor of this king, and does not necessarily imply that Djoser was Khasekhemwy's immediate successor. Sanakht could then have married Queen Nimaethap, with Nimaethap being the daughter of Khasekhemwy rather than his wife. Together with Sanakht, they could be the parents of Djoser. Alternatively, some have considered Sanakht to be Djoser's elder brother.

Presently, the dominant theory is that Sanakht's reign dates to the later Third Dynasty, after Djoser. Egyptologists Toby Wilkinson, Stephan Seidlmayer, Kenneth Kitchen and Rainer Stadelmann equate Sanakht with "Nebka", a name appearing in Ramesside king lists. In support of this theory is a clay seal fragment on which the lower part of a cartouche appears. In this cartouche Wilkinson, Seidlmayer and Stadelmann see traces of a Ka-sign, the end of the name "Nebka". Likewise, Dietrich Wildung favors equating Nebka with Sanakht, although he questions the validity of the seal as evidence given that it is too badly damaged to read the inscription within the cartouche as "Nebka" with any certainty.

John D. Degreef, Nabil Swelim and Wolfgang Helck are against equating Nebka with Sanakht. They refer to the fact that the name "Nebka" is not attested on any monument nor in any document dating to before Djoser. Instead, Nabil Swelim identifies Nebka with the Horus name Khaba. He further identifies Sanakht with a king Mesochris mentioned by Manetho, regarding this as a Hellenized form of the throne name of Sanakht. He dated Sanakht's reign to between the seventh and eighth king of the Third Dynasty.

Jürgen von Beckerath, Wolfgang Helck, Dietrich Wildung and Peter Kaplony proposed that Sanakht's Horus name is that of the shadowy Horus Sa, seeing the name "Sa" as a short form of "Sanakht". From this, Wolfgang Helck holds that Sanakht's Nisut-Biti name was Weneg. King Weneg, however, is widely held to have ruled during the Second Dynasty, and Helck's theory has been greeted with skepticism.

Sanakht's name was once read "Hen Nekht" by Egyptologists such as Ernest Wallis Budge. Today, this reading is not in use anymore; the up-to-date reading is "Sanakht" or (seldom) "Nakht-Sa".

Reign

The exact duration of Sanakht's time on the throne is unknown. Unlike Djoser, few relics survive from his reign, which casts serious doubts on the traditional figure of 18 years of reign for this king, as given by both Manetho and the Turin Canon. It must be stressed that the Turin Canon and Manetho were more than one and two thousand years removed from the time of Egypt's Third Dynasty, and would be expected to contain some inaccurate or unreliable data. The Turin Canon, for instance, was transcribed on papyri that dates to the reign of the New Kingdom king, Ramesses II, who ruled Egypt from 1279–1213 BC.

Very little is known of Sanakht's activities during his reign. The presence of reliefs depicting him in the Sinai at Wadi Maghareh together with those of Djoser and Sekhemkhet suggest an important Egyptian presence there at the time of the Third Dynasty. Expeditions were launched to that location for the procurement of mineral resources, in particular turquoise.

Tomb

The location of Sanakht's tomb is not known with certainty. It was long thought that Sanakht's tomb was the large mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf, as excavations there yielded relief fragments bearing his name. However, some Egyptologists now regard this mastaba as the burial of a high official, prince or queen rather than that of a pharaoh, while others continue to support the first hypothesis.

In the mastaba were found the skeletal remains of a man over  tall. According to Charles S. Myers, this stature was considerably taller than the  average of prehistoric and later Egyptians. The specimen's skull was very large and capacious. Although his cranial index was unusually broad and almost brachycephalic, the proportions of his long bones were tropically adapted like those of most other ancient Egyptians; especially those from the predynastic period. His overall cranial features, however, were closer to those of dynastic period Egyptian skulls.

Consequently, the mastaba has been associated with an anecdote related by Manetho in which he tells of a late Second Dynasty king, called Sesochris, who he describes as being particularly tall. The Egyptologist Wolfgang Helck proposed another hypothesis; namely, that Sanakht's tomb is an unfinished structure west of the pyramid of Djoser.

While the case of Sanakht has often appeared in the medical literature as a potential case of pituitary disease, no definitive consensus has existed for many years on whether it was acromegaly or gigantism. In 2017 palaeopathologist Francesco M. Galassi and Egyptologist Michael E. Habicht from Zurich University's Institute of Evolutionary Medicine coordinated an international team of researchers to reassess this case. Their conclusion was that the alleged remains of Sanakht are clearly the oldest known case of gigantism in the world.

See also
List of Pharaohs
List of Egyptian pyramids
List of megalithic sites

References

External links
Egyptian kings: Sanakht

27th-century BC Pharaohs
Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty of Egypt
People with gigantism
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown

Sanakht


David Paige Smith (October 1, 1830 – December 26, 1880) was a professor at Yale Medical School and is the namesake of the David Paige Smith professorship at the school.

Smith, eldest son of James M. Smith, M. D., and grandson of Nathan Smith, M.D., the first Professor of Theory and Practice in the Yale Medical Institution, was born in Westfield, Mass, October 1, 1830. His father moved to Baltimore, Md., in 1838, and returned to Springfield, Mass., about 1841, from which place the son entered Yale College, where he graduated in 1851.

Smith studied medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and also with his father, who was killed in the railroad disaster at Norwalk, Conn., in 1853. Upon graduation at Philadelphia, in March, 1854, he succeeded to his father's practice in Springfield, and was married the same year to Eunice S. Brewer. In 1860 he went to Europe and spent a year in medical and surgical study. On his return he entered the Union Army as Surgeon of the 18th Massachusetts Infantry, but was soon made Medical Director of General George H. Thomas' division. After the Peninsula campaign, he was placed in charge of the hospital at Fairfax Seminary, near Alexandria, Va., and while there rendered most valuable and conspicuous service, and laid the foundation for his subsequent eminence and success in difficult surgical operations.

After resuming practice in Springfield at the close of the American Civil War, he rapidly advanced in professional standing, and when in 1873 he was elected to the chair originally held by his grandfather in the Yale Medical School, he was the acknowledged head of his profession in the region of his residence. In 1877 he was transferred to the more congenial chair of surgery, and his services were of great value to the school, though he continued to reside in Springfield until his death. His laborious practice and the intense energy with which he gave himself to it, had unfitted him for resisting disease, and death resulted from a chill contracted in a drive to a neighboring town and neglected until too late.  He died in Springfield, December 26, 1880, at the age of 50 years. His wife survived him. Their only child, a son, died in 1873. By his will his professional library and his valuable collections of medical and surgical instruments were given to Yale College, and the proceeds of two-fifths of his estate were used for the endowment of the chair of the Theory and Practice of Medicine.

External links

1830 births
1880 deaths
People from Westfield, Massachusetts
Yale College alumni
Yale School of Medicine faculty
Jefferson Medical College alumni
Union Army surgeons
Military personnel from Massachusetts

David Paige Smith


The Bermuda Depths is a Japanese / American co-production 1978 fantasy film originally broadcast as a made-for-TV movie written by Arthur Rankin Jr. of Rankin/Bass fame. Special effects and creature elements were handled by Tsuburaya Productions, most famous for the Ultraman franchise. The film first aired in the United States January 27, 1978 on ABC, and was later released to theaters in Japan.

Plot
On a Bermuda beach, a sleeping Magnus Dens is approached by a beautiful but mysterious woman, Jennie Haniver, who seems to recognize him. In the meantime, Magnus is dreaming of his childhood, playing on the same beach, watching a turtle egg hatch with his friend Jennie. Jumping a few years later, both are playing with a grown turtle, Magnus carves "J+M" inside a heart on the turtle's shell while Jennie makes a cowrie shell necklace for Magnus. The scene then shifts to young Magnus on the beach spotting Jennie riding the turtle, heading out to open sea and disappearing beneath the water as he calls after her, then shifts again to his nightmare of the night his father, Lionel, was knocked into the water by an unseen horror in the cave beneath the house and part of his house on a cliff crumbling down to the beach as the storm rages on.

Finally awakening and groggily gathering his things to go to town, Magnus sees a woman swimming in the ocean. He meets his childhood friend, Eric, at the docks. When Eric asks him where he has been, he admits he has been drifting for a few years. Eric introduces Magnus to Dr. Paulis, whom Eric is working for to finish his master's degree in marine biology. Suddenly, the boat lists violently to one side and the net they pulled up has been shredded by something very large and strong.

That evening, the three men are joined by Eric's wife, Doshan, for dinner at Dr. Paulis' house. He explains that he and Eric are doing teratology. Dr. Paulis calls out to Delia to hurry up with dinner. Magnus is intrigued by the necklace she wears, which resembles his own.

After dinner, upon not getting answers to his question about his father's death from Dr. Paulis, Magnus steps outside. He again sees Jennie swimming by the boat. He jumps into the water to follow her, but he is saved from drowning and revived on the beach by the woman, whom he does not recognize. She returns to the ocean, telling him her name is Jennie Haniver. His description of the incident to Dr. Paulis is not taken seriously. Dr Paulis tells him the woman must have been joking with him, as "Jennie Haniver" is the name given to a sea creature of local folklore. But Delia later tells him the full legend; Jennie Haniver was a beautiful but vain woman who bargained with a mysterious god to save her from a violent storm at sea, and was granted eternal life at the cost of becoming a sea creature who can never again live on land.

The next morning, the police brings in Eric to examine enormous tracks on the beach. Magnus goes down to the beach and meets Jennie. Finally remembering her as his young playmate, he takes her to his father's wrecked house. He tells her some of his memories from childhood, while she describes the quadrilles her father would hold in their great hall. Then Eric calls him away to go out on a boat with Dr. Paulis. Again the boat lurches uncontrollably, forcing Eric to cut the cable to the trawling net.

In the evening, Magnus again confronts Dr. Paulis about his father's death. Paulis explains that Lionel was conducting tests regarding mutation in sea life when he was attacked and apparently eaten. Magnus asks him if he remembers the turtle from his childhood, and describes how he carved initials on the shell, for himself and Jennie. Paulis is dismayed.

Magnus awakens to Eric and Dr. Paulis arguing. Eric wants to use the Horror, a harpoon-firing bazooka. Paulis, aghast at the idea, withdraws his support for the expedition. Eric collects Magnus and heads out in the boat. After some trawling, they again find something dragging on the line. Taking a small harpoon gun, Eric dives to try to save the net. He shoots at a form he can see only vaguely. It turns out to be Jennie. Eric and Magnus resume trawling. Magnus tells Eric he had been with Jennie the night before on the beach, and how she was his friend from when he was young. Eric does not remember her, and dismisses her as an imaginary friend. The trawl lines finally catch the turtle, which is so large it begins to tear through the net. Eric blasts it with the Horror, and allows it to run out the line, waiting for it to resurface.

After sundown, the boat's power mysteriously gives out, the compass spins crazily. Magnus leaves the boat's cabin, finds Jennie on board the ship. She begs him to free the turtle, nebulously saying she made a promise long ago she will forever regret.

At Doshan's insistence, Dr. Paulis boards a helicopter to fly out to the boat. Upon arriving, he observes a huge shape underwater near the boat. The turtle surfaces, swimming quickly towards the helicopter, then leaping out of the water, sending the helicopter crashing into the ocean. Upon seeing the crash, Eric rushes out onto the deck, but is confronted by Jennie. To his horror, her eyes glow an eerie green, just as the turtle surfaces under the boat, capsizing it. Magnus climbs aboard the lifeboat amidst the wreckage and desperately tries to help Eric on board, but he is entangled in the line from the Horror. The turtle surfaces, its eyes glowing green exactly like Jennie's, before it dives down into the depths, dragging Eric helplessly behind.

Jennie approaches an unconscious Magnus lying face flat on the beach, sadly kisses him, then returns to the ocean for the last time.

Doshan approaches Magnus in the graveyard where his parents are buried and expresses her horror at the losses of her husband and Dr. Paulis. Magnus tells her he is leaving Bermuda and wants nothing to do with the sea ever again. He walks away without noticing the statue of Jennie and the inscription "Jennie Haniver, 1701-  , Lost at Sea" on her gravestone.

On the ferry leaving Bermuda, Magnus removes the necklace Jennie had given him and sadly throws it into the sea. It sinks past the giant turtle, which is shown to have the same initials Magnus inscribed on its shell all those many years ago.

Cast

 Leigh McCloskey as Magnus Dens
 Carl Weathers as Eric
 Connie Sellecca as Jennifer 'Jennie' Haniver
 Julie Woodson as Doshan
 Ruth Attaway as Delia
 Burl Ives as Dr. Paulis
 Elise Frick
 Nicholas Ingham
 Kevin Petty
 Nicole Marsh
 George Richards
 John Instone
 Jonathan Ingham
 Patricia Rego
 Doris Riley
 Tracy Anne Sadler

Production
 Filming was done in Bermuda.
 The sounds made by the giant turtle are in fact humpback whale songs.
 The partnership between Rankin/Bass and Tsuburaya Productions also resulted in two more monster/adventure films: The Last Dinosaur (1977) and The Ivory Ape (1980).

Music
The recurring classical theme is Vivaldi's Concerto in D Major RV. 93, II-Largo.

Home media

It was released on DVD-R on-demand directly from the Warner Bros. Warner Archive shop.

Warner Bros. Warner Archive released the film on Blu-ray in March 2021, including both the 1.33:1 U.S. broadcast television version and the widescreen international theatrical version.

References

External links

1978 films
1978 television films
1970s fantasy films
ABC network original films
American fantasy films
Films scored by Maury Laws
Japanese fantasy films
1970s English-language films
English-language Japanese films
1970s Japanese-language films
Films set in Bermuda
Films set in the Bermuda Triangle
Films shot in Bermuda
Giant monster films
Kaiju films
Rankin/Bass Productions films
Tsuburaya Productions
Films with screenplays by Arthur Rankin Jr.
1970s American films

The Bermuda Depths


The fighting machine (also known as a "Martian Tripod") is one of the fictional machines used by the Martians in H.G. Wells' 1898 classic science fiction novel The War of the Worlds. In the novel, it is a fast-moving three-legged walker reported to be  tall with multiple whip-like tentacles used for grasping, and two lethal weapons: the Heat-Ray and a gun-like tube used for discharging canisters of a poisonous chemical black smoke that kills humans and animals. It is the primary machine the Martians use when they invade Earth, along with the handling machine, the flying machine, and the embankment machine.

Description in the Novel
The fighting machines walk on three tall, articulated legs and have a grouping of long, whip-like metallic tentacles hanging beneath the central body, a single flexible appendage holding the heat-ray projector, and atop the main body a brazen hood-like head that houses a sole Martian operator. The fighting machines are armed with a heat-ray, which is fired by a camera-like device held by an articulated arm, and a chemical weapon known as "the black smoke", a poison gas which is deployed from gun tubes. The fighting machines can also discharge steam through nozzles that dissipates the black smoke, which then settles as an inert, powdery substance. The metallic tentacles, which hang below the main fighting machine body, are used as probes and to grasp objects. The height of the fighting machines is unclear; a newspaper article describes them to be more than  tall. HMS Thunder Child, a Royal Navy torpedo ram, engages a trio of tripods that are pursuing a refugee flotilla heading to France from the southeast English coast; the Thunder Child is eventually destroyed by the Martian heat-ray, but not before taking out two fighting machines.

The original conceptual drawings for the fighting machines, drawn by Warwick Goble, accompanied the initial appearance of The War of the Worlds in Pearson's Magazine in 1897.

Adaptations

The War of the Worlds (1953 film)

The Martian fighting machines, designed by Albert Nozaki for George Pal's 1953 Paramount film The War of the Worlds, barely resemble the same machines in the H. G. Wells novel. The novel's fighting machines are 10-story tall tripods and carry the heat-ray projector on an articulated arm connected to the front of the machine's main body, as well as possessing the poison black smoke canisters fired from gun-like tubes. In the film version, the war machines instead possess two different types of death ray weapons, the first having pulsing wingtip ray emitters that causes molecular disintegration to whatever it shoots, while the second type of death ray each Martian machine uses is a visible, reddish heat-ray, atop a swiveling goose-neck, mounted in a cobra-like head. The film's war machines move about on three invisible legs of energy, which are only briefly visible when moving on the ground upon leaving their initial landing site.

Television series

The serialized War of the Worlds (1988–1990) television series was established as a sequel to the 1953 film with much of the alien technology in the first season cued with visual references to the design of those in the aforementioned film. An older model of the 1953 film's craft is shown to have physical legs more similar to the novel version.

War of the Worlds (2005 film)

There are several differences between the fighting machines as described in Wells' novel and those in Steven Spielberg's 2005 film, which come from an undisclosed alien world. In this version the tripods were long ago brought to Earth, having been buried underground sometime in the past. The aliens instead travel in capsules to their buried machines, which transport them underground. In a published interview screenwriter David Koepp stated his belief that they were planted by these extraterrestrials as a part of some kind of alien "contingency plan" (said plan never being revealed to the audience). The suspense remains till the end of this movie and the mystery remains unsolved for viewers.

H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (2005 film)

In Pendragon Pictures' direct-to-DVD H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds the tripods have a large, free-moving head atop the smaller main body, giving its sole Martian occupant a panoramic view. It has three thick, metallic tentacles, which are held on high, made up of boxy-looking segments, making them appear like large bicycle chains rather than slim and whip-like, as described in Wells' novel; they are used mainly to capture humans during the film. The tripods have three long, ridged, and stilt-like legs, which occasionally stride with the right and rear leg moving forward together in a clumsy, unconvincing manner.

War of the Worlds 2: The Next Wave (2008 film)

In the Asylum's 2008 sequel War of the Worlds 2: The Next Wave, the walkers are tripods called squid-walkers, and are capable of flight. Unlike the first film, the Martians do not control the fighting machines directly from the inside but manipulate cyborgs by remote control. A heat-ray is attached to the walkers, as well as a kind of ray that teleports humans directly to the alien mothership, where humans are then drained of their blood to feed the invaders. Whereas Wells' fighting machines carried cages to hold captured humans, these tripods place humans directly into the tripods' interiors. These appear organic, with no windows or controls, and the walls absorb anyone unlucky enough to touch them, sending them to an unknown destination.

Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds

The fighting machines are described in Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds and depicted on the album artwork painted by Michael Trim. This version of the tripods has major inconsistencies when compared to Wells' description in the novel.

Parallel and sequel novels
In Kevin J. Anderson' The Martian War the Martians use two type of tripods, the ones from The War of the Worlds and a smaller, "overseer" variant. In Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds, the fighting machines are described as having legs that can telescope down allowing for entry and exit, and as being possibly based upon the original body type of the Martians.

Influence on later fiction
Creatures and machines similar to the fighting machines are featured in video games, such as the Annihilator Tripods from Command & Conquer 3, or the Striders from Half-Life

Inaccurate coinage
In 2021, the Royal Mint announced a new version of the UK two pound coin minted in tribute to H.G. Wells. The coins bear an image of a Martian Fighting Machine with four instead of three legs, and  The Invisible Man wearing the wrong style hat, resulting in derision from fans and collectors of Wells' work.

References

Bibliography

 Dalby, Richard. The Golden Age of Children's Book Illustration. New York: Gallery Books, 1991, .
 Edge, Laura Bufano. Steven Spielberg: Director of Blockbuster Films. New York: Publishers, Inc., 2008. .
 Hagerty, Jack and Jon Rogers. The Saucer Fleet. Burlington, Ontario, Canada: Apogee Books, 2008. .
 Morris, Nigel. The Cinema of Steven Spielberg: Empire of Light. New York: Wallflower Press, Columbia University, 2007. .
 Rubin, Steve. "The War of the Worlds." Cinefantastique magazine, Volume 5, No. 4 1977.
 Vander Hook, Sue. Steven Spielberg: Groundbreaking Director. Edina, Minnesota: ABDO, 2009. .
 Warren, Bill. Keep Watching The Skies Vol I: 1950–1957. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 1982. .

The War of the Worlds
Science fiction film characters
Literary villains
Fictional mecha
Extraterrestrial supervillains

Fighting machine (The War of the Worlds)


Clarkston is a town in Cache County, Utah, United States. The population was 666 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community celebration is held in June each year and is known as The Pony Express Days.

Clarkston is noted for being the last home of Martin Harris, one of the Three Witnesses of the Book of Mormon. He is buried in Clarkston, and every other year a pageant commemorates his life. The pageant was discontinued in 2018.

Many of it residents enjoy the local wildlife which includes mule deer, sharp-tailed grouse, and pheasant.

History
The townsite of Clarkston was laid out in 1864. It was named for Israel Justus Clark, who was an early settler and the first branch president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Clarkston.
The settlers originally settled east of modern-day Clarkston in a spot known as the flat. Due to water quality concerns and sickness, they moved the town to a higher elevation and closer to City Creek and other springs. They also experimented in dry farming, mainly north of town. There was trouble with the native Americans, and in 1866 the settlement was abandoned for a short time. Eventually, an agreement was made between the settlers and Indian John, a chief under the Washakie.
A Latter-day Saint ward was organized in Clarkston in the fall of 1867 with William F. Rigby as bishop. A brick meetinghouse was built in 1910. In 1930 Clarkston had a population of 570. Among the first settlers were Israel J. Clark, James Myler, William Ricks, Michael Poulsen, Johannis Dahle, Gideon Harmison, David Cook, John Griffiths, John Griffin, John Godfrey, Samuel Whitney, Ole S. Jensen and their families; also the Thompson and Hansen families, A. W. Heggie, a Mr. Parker, Paul Paulson, Andrew McCombs, Simon Smith, Isaac Cook, A. H. Atkinson, and others.
The existence of the Clarkston settlement was threatened in 1869 when a majority of the settlers, due mainly to discouragement because of the severe winters and heavy drifting snow, decided to move to the present site of Newton, Utah.  But a few people decided to stay in Clarkston, and some who had left returned, and the settlement became a permanent one.  There was a controversy over retaining the name Clarkston for the original settlement or transferring it to the "New Town."

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. High above Clarkston rises Gunsight Peak, at an elevation of 8244 feet.
Clarkston averages 219 sunny days a year. The average rainfall is 18 inches a year, with an average snowfall of 62 inches per year.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 688 people, 206 households, and 172 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 219 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.78% White, 0.29% Native American, 1.60% from other races, and 2.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.18% of the population.

There were 206 households, out of which 47.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.7% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.5% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34, and the average family size was 3.78.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 35.5% under 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,592, and the median income for a family was $42,171. Males had a median income of $32,344 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,626. None of the families and 0.7% of the population lived below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 7.2% of those over 64.

Notable people
 William Williams Henderson, educator
 LaFarr Stuart, computer music pioneer
 Martin Harris, Mormon pioneer

References

Towns in Cache County, Utah
Towns in Utah
Logan metropolitan area
Populated places established in 1864

Clarkston, Utah


Adrenocortical dysplasia protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACD gene.

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in telomere function. This protein is one of six core proteins in the telosome/shelterin telomeric complex, which functions to maintain telomere length and to protect telomere ends. Through its interaction with other components, this protein plays a key role in the assembly and stabilization of this complex, and it mediates the access of telomerase to the telomere. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This gene, which is also referred to as TPP1, is distinct from the unrelated TPP1 gene on chromosome 11, which encodes tripeptidyl-peptidase I.

TPP1 is a component of the telomere-specific shelterin complex, which facilitates the replication of the double-stranded telomeric DNA tracts and protects the telomeric end from unregulated DNA repair activities. TPP1 mainly functions as a regulator of telomerase recruitment, activation, and regulation. Although TPP1 was originally described as a bridging factor between TRF1 and TRF2, which participate in a pathway with POT1 as a negative regulator of telomerase-dependent telomere length control, more recent studies suggest that TPP1 could directly promotes telomerase activity at the telomere. A part of the TPP1 oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) fold named TEL patch that interacts with the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, has been proven essential for telomerase activation. TPP1 has also been demonstrated as the only pathway required for recruitment of telomerase to chromosome ends, and it also defines telomere length homeostasis in hESCs.

Interactions

ACD (gene) has been shown to interact with POT1 and TINF2.

 POT1
 hTERT
 TIN2
 TRF1
 TRF2
 Telomerase

References

External links

 PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Adrenocortical dysplasia protein homolog

Further reading

Human proteins
Telomere-binding proteins

ACD (gene)


Stephen Thomas (born 5 January 1977) is a British Paralympic sailor. Thomas has represented Great Britain at three Summer Paralympics and with his colleagues John Robertson and Hannah Stodel has won multiple medals in the Mixed Sonar class at the Disabled Sailing World Championships, including gold in 2005 and 2006.

Personal life
Thomas was born in 1977, growing up in the Ogmore Valley in south Wales, but moved to Bridgend when he was ten. Thomas was a keen athlete as a youth and represented the Under 18 Wales rugby union team. At the age of 18 Thomas contracted meningococcal septicaemia. He was rushed to hospital and he entered a six-week coma. Complications resulting from his illness resulted in him having both his legs amputated below the knees to save his life. Thomas matriculated to UWIC in Cardiff where he studied Sport & Exercise Science.

Ice sledge hockey career
Thomas was introduced to the disability sport of ice sledge hockey before sailing. He was at a National Eisteddfod when he was approached by a stranger who asked him to join an ice sledge hockey team. Thomas took to the physicality of the sport and was part of the Great Britain squad who attempted to qualify for the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Utah. The team failed to reach the Utah games but Thomas' desire to attend a Winter Paralympics, saw him part of the team who four years later qualified for the 2006 Games in Turin. The British squad was placed into Group A, along with Italy and the two eventual finalists Canada and Norway. The British squad lost heavily to both Canada (9–0) and Norway (6–0), but beat the Italian team 2–1 to finish third meaning they could not contest for a medal. In the classification rounds, to find overall placement, Britain lost to Sweden, but then beat Italy 2–1 again to finish seventh out of eight teams. Thomas was not the only member of the British ice sledge hockey team of 2006 to also compete in Summer Paralympics. Among the team were world record holding javelin thrower Nathan Stephens and gold medal sprinter Richard Whitehead.

Sailing career
Between the 2002 and 2006 Winter Paralympics, a change encounter with the Performance Director for Welsh Disability Sport saw Thomas offered a role in the British sailing team. Thomas had no experience of sailing, but the team were looking for a person with his disability and physique, and he accepted their invitation. Thomas faced a steep learning curve but persisted as middleman in a Mixed Sonar team alongside fellow British sailors John Robertson and Hannah Stodel. In 2003 he travelled with his team-mates to Athens to take part in his first IFDS World Disabled Sailing Championship, where they secured the bronze medal. The following year the trio qualified for their first Summer Paralympics, the 2008 games at Beijing, finishing sixth in the Sonar class.

Thomas, Robertson and Stodel would remain as a team for over 12 years, with major successes coming in the 2005 World Championships in Sønderborg and the 2006 World Championships in Perth where they took gold in their class. They represented Britain in their second Paralympics, in the 2008 Games in Beijing. They again finished sixth. Two silver medals in the 2010 and 2011 IFDS World Championships were followed by their third successive Paralympics, this time on home surf when the games came to London. The London Paralympics ended in disappointment for Thomas and his team mates after they were deducted four points after a team bosun cleaned the port side of their keel after being authorised to inspect the craft for damage. The deduction saw the British team drop to fifth and the bronze medal going to Norway, just three points ahead of them.

In the run up to the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, Thomas was part of a third World Championship winning Sonar team, beating the Australian team by a single point.

Skiing career
Thomas competed in cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Paralympics. He was part of the first British relay team to finish the 4 × 2.5km relay event at a Paralympics, alongside Steve Arnold, Scott Meenagh and Callum Deboys.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Paralympic sailors for Great Britain
British male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Sailors at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Sailors at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Ice sledge hockey players at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Sportspeople from Bridgend

Stephen Thomas (sailor)


Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc  (December 18, 1927June 24, 2009) was a Canadian journalist, politician and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada from 1995 to 1999, the 25th since Canadian Confederation.

LeBlanc was born and educated in New Brunswick, and also studied in France prior to becoming a teacher and then a reporter for Radio-Canada. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1972, whereafter he served as a minister of the Crown until 1984, when he was moved to the Senate and became that chamber's Speaker.

In 1995, he was appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien, to replace Ramon John Hnatyshyn as viceroy, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Adrienne Clarkson in 1999, citing his health as the reason for his stepping down. His appointment as the Queen's representative caused some controversy, due to perceptions of political favouritism, though he was praised for raising the stature of Acadians and francophones, and for returning Rideau Hall to the centre of life in Ottawa.

On August 8, 1974, LeBlanc was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. He died of Alzheimer's disease on June 24, 2009, aged 81.

Youth and political career

Born on December 18, 1927 and raised in Memramcook, New Brunswick, LeBlanc obtained bachelor degrees in arts and education from the Collège St-Joseph before studying French civilization at the Université de Paris. He then moved on to teaching for nine years at Drummond's high school from 1951 to 1953 and the New Brunswick Teachers' College in Fredericton from 1955 to 1959 after which he obtained work between 1960 and 1967 as a journalist with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's French language broadcaster, Radio-Canada, serving in the bureaus in Ottawa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

His first marriage, to Joslyn "Lyn" Carter, with whom LeBlanc had two children (Genevieve and Dominic), lasted from 1966 to 1981; in 1994, he married Diana Fowler, who also had two children from a previous marriage.

LeBlanc stepped into the realm of politics when he became the press secretary for successive prime ministers Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau. He then went further, winning in the 1972 federal election a seat in the House of Commons as the Liberal Party representative for Westmorland-Kent, paving the way for his appointment as the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans in the Cabinet chaired by Trudeau.

LeBlanc was a key figure in Canada's imposition of a 200-mile fishing zone; the establishment of a new fisheries licensing system; the widespread use of quotas and zones that protected Canadian fishermen from overexpansion and competition from trawlers owned by large companies; the owner-operator rule, requiring licence holders to operate vessels themselves; the separate-fleet rule, preventing corporations from obtaining licences for an under-65-foot fleet; and for creating an additional system of advisory committees that permitted fishermen a larger voice in fisheries management.

On one occasion, LeBlanc also persuaded Trudeau to advise the Governor General to close Canadian ports to Soviet fishing vessels, a headline-grabbing diplomatic thrust that resulted in better co-operation, and forbade all foreign corporations from holding commercial fishing licences in Canada.

On the Pacific coast, LeBlanc oversaw the creation of the Salmonid Enhancement Program, which aimed at doubling salmon production, and quelled plans by Alcan that were deemed to threaten salmon rivers at the time.

Late in 1982, LeBlanc became Minister of Public Works for two years before being nominated by Trudeau to then Governor General Jeanne Sauvé for appointment to the Senate on June 29, 1984. He was then selected in 1993 by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien as Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn's appointee as that chamber's speaker.

Governor General of Canada
LeBlanc's time as the Queen's viceregal representative was considered to have been low key and largely uneventful, especially in comparison to that of his successor, Adrienne Clarkson. He was, however, the first governor general of Acadian heritage, which earned praise from the Acadian community, and he was also the first from the Canadian maritimes to be appointed as viceroy.

As governor general-designate

It was announced from the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada on November 22, 1994 that Queen Elizabeth II had approved Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's choice of LeBlanc to succeed Ray Hnatyshyn as the Queen's representative.

Thereafter, LeBlanc was invited to an audience with the Queen at Sandringham House, and he was said to have been impressed and inspired by the devotion to duty on the part of both Elizabeth and her mother.

The commission appointing LeBlanc under the royal sign-manual and Great Seal of Canada was issued on January 16, 1995.

The greatest publicity LeBlanc attracted in his career came immediately after the announcement of his appointment as Governor General: although previous honorees had worked as politicians prior to and after serving as viceroy, the recommendation of a prominent Liberal Party politician and organiser was criticised as being little more than a patronage gift from the Prime Minister to a loyal party member.

In the 1993 federal election, LeBlanc had been one of the chief architects of the Liberal Party's election strategy, and was a strong party loyalist. In protest, both Reform Party of Canada leader Preston Manning and Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard refused to attend LeBlanc's installation ceremony.

In office
As with each governor general, LeBlanc took on unofficial and personal mandates, choosing for himself: voluntarism, the teaching of Canadian history, Canada's Aboriginal peoples, and the military. He spoke often about the generosity, tolerance, and compassion of Canadians, and admired the dignity and abilities of the common citizen.

To recognize the "unsung heroes" who volunteer their time and effort to help others, LeBlanc initiated in 1996 the Governor General's Caring Canadian Award, and, on June 21, of the same year, was proud to issue a royal proclamation inaugurating National Aboriginal Day as an annual observance.

As well, in 1996 LeBlanc formed the Governor General's Award for Excellence in Teaching Canadian History, in 1999 partnered with the Canada Council for the Arts to create the Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts, oversaw the issuance of the Governor General's Canadian History Medal for the Millennium, and established the Governor General's Millennium Edition of the Map of Canada, which was taken into space in 1999 by Julie Payette.

LeBlanc travelled to all parts of Canada and had a special affinity for small towns and cities, making himself particularly visible in those parts of Quebec after the province's referendum on secession in 1995. He participated in more than 2,000 events, including the annual New Year's Levée, which he moved to various locations around the country, seeing the party organised at Ottawa, Ontario, in 1996; Quebec City, Quebec, in 1997; Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1998; and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, in 1999.

Over the same years, LeBlanc also had public access to Rideau Hall and its grounds expanded and improved including opening a dedicated visitors' centre in 1997 so that the number of visitors increased threefold to approximately 125,000 people per year. In keeping with his respect for the First Peoples of Canada, LeBlanc placed a totem pole and inukshuk prominently on the royal property.

Amongst numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General granted Royal Assent to amendments to the constitution on three occasions: April 21, 1997, December 19, 1997, and January 8, 1998, and also issued the royal proclamation announcing the creation of the territory of Nunavut on April 1, 1999. LeBlanc welcomed to Rideau Hall the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as United States president Bill Clinton and his wife, Hillary; King Hussein and Queen Noor of Jordan, and later Hussein's son, King Abdullah II, and his wife Queen Rania; as well as President of South Africa Nelson Mandela; and President of China Jiang Zemin. Further, he undertook eight state visits, becoming the first governor general of Canada to make such trips to the Czech Republic, India, Pakistan, the Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Mali, and Morocco.

Legacy
As governor general, LeBlanc was viewed as having been a role model for Acadians, and was complimented for having drawn the attention of the country to Acadian history and culture. As such, he was seen as a symbol for reconciliation, given the past relations between the Acadians and the Canadian Crown's predecessor. At the same time, LeBlanc was also credited for returning Rideau Hall to a status closer to that which it held a century previous, when it was the centre of life in the national capital.

Although LeBlanc enjoyed all the provinces and territories, his visits touching small towns as well as big cities, he travelled to events in his home province to a degree that some saw as disproportionate. Moreover, LeBlanc never sought media coverage, with the result that many Canadians were unaware of who he was, and his down-to-earth demeanour was thought by some to have been too "folksy" for the post. The accusations of political patronage also failed to evaporate during LeBlanc's governorship; while LeBlanc was viceroy, his son, Dominic, continued to work for the prime minister's office until 1997, when he ran for election to the House of Commons in LeBlanc's old riding, where the Governor General had a series of events planned the very week he dropped the election writs. Further, LeBlanc's daughter maintained employment as a political assistant to Liberal Cabinet ministers, and some of the Governor General's staff had close Liberal Party connections.

Personal touches were also left on the symbol of the Canadian viceregal office, from which LeBlanc removed the claws and tongue of the crowned lion, saying that they were impolite and un-Canadian. Though the change did not gather much attention until near the end of LeBlanc's tenure, the reaction, when it came, was generally unfavourable, and the modifications were undone by his successor.

Post-viceregal life and death
After being released from the Queen's service, LeBlanc returned to New Brunswick. There, after a lengthy battle with Alzheimer's disease, he died on June 24, 2009, in Grande-Digue.

He was, as is protocol for all incumbent and former governors general, accorded a state funeral, which took place on July 3 of the same year, in Memramcook. The casket's path through the community was lined with officers from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, paying homage to LeBlanc's time as minister of the Crown with that portfolio, and the sitting governor general, Michaëlle Jean, her prime minister, Stephen Harper, and LeBlanc's former prime minister, Jean Chrétien, all attended.

Canada Post featured LeBlanc on a postage stamp released on February 8, 2010.

Honours and arms

Honours

Appointments
  January 4, 1973July 9, 1984: Member of Parliament (MP)
  August 8, 1974June 24, 2009: Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada (PC)
  February 8, 1995October 8, 2000: Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
 October 8, 1999June 24, 2009: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
  February 8, 1995October 8, 2000: Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
 October 8, 1999June 24, 2009: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
  February 8, 1995October 8, 2000: Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ)
 October 8, 1999June 24, 2009: Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ)

  February 8, 1995October 8, 2000: Chief Scout of Canada
  1995June 24, 2009: Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club
  August 1, 2005June 24, 2009: Member of the Order of New Brunswick (ONB)

Medals
  1992: Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada
  February 8, 1995: Canadian Forces Decoration (CD)
  2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal

Foreign honours
  2002June 24, 2009: Grand officier de l'Ordre national du Mérite

Honorary military appointments
  February 8, 1990October 8, 2000: Colonel of the Governor General's Horse Guards
  February 8, 1990October 8, 2000: Colonel of the Governor General's Foot Guards
  February 8, 1990October 8, 2000: Colonel of the Canadian Grenadier Guards

Honorary degrees
  1977: Mount Allison University, Doctor of Civil Law (DCL)
  1979: University of Moncton, Doctor of Public Administration (DPA)
  1995: Université Sainte-Anne, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
  1996: Ryerson University, Doctor of Letters (DLitt)
  1996: University of Ottawa, Doctor of the University (DUniv)
  1997: St. Thomas University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
  1997: Memorial University of Newfoundland, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
  1997: McGill University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)
  1999: University of New Brunswick, Doctor of Laws (LLD)

Honorific eponyms
Geographic locations
 : LeBlanc Park, Memramcook
 : Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport, Dieppe

Arms

See also

 List of people from Westmorland County, New Brunswick
 Journalism

References

External links
 Website of the Governor General of Canada entry for Roméo LeBlanc
 Roméo LeBlanc fonds at Library and Archives Canada

1928 births
2009 deaths
People from Moncton
Acadian people
Canadian male journalists
Canadian senators from New Brunswick
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Neurological disease deaths in New Brunswick
Governors General of Canada
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Speakers of the Senate of Canada
St. Joseph's College alumni
Companions of the Order of Canada
Commanders of the Order of Military Merit (Canada)
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
Grand Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite
Members of the Order of New Brunswick
Chief Scouts of Canada

Roméo LeBlanc


The 2015 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute in the 2015 NCAA Division I FCS football season. It was VMI's 125th football season and the Keydets were led by first year head coach Scott Wachenheim. They played their home games at 10,000–seat Alumni Memorial Field at Foster Stadium, as they have since 1962. This was VMI's second season as a member of the Southern Conference, following 11 seasons in the Big South Conference, which followed 78 years in the Southern Conference. They finished the season 2–9, 1–6 in SoCon play to finish in last place.

Personnel

Coaching staff
VMI will be led by first-year head coach Scott Wachenheim, a native of California and a 1984 graduate of the United States Air Force Academy. Wachenheim was previously the offensive line coach at Virginia under head coach Mike London. He replaces Sparky Woods, who compiled a 17–62 record in seven seasons at VMI. Shortly following a home loss to The Citadel, VMI chose not to renew Woods' contract, and several weeks later announced the hire of Wachenheim.

Wachenheim introduced an almost entirely new coaching staff his first year on post. Coordinating the offense is Dustin Ward, while the defensive coordinator is Tom Clark who served two stints at William & Mary as a defensive coordinator and defensive backs coach. There were only two holdovers from Woods' staff: wide receivers and tight ends coach Brad Robbins, and linebackers coach Justin Hamilton, a 2006 graduate of Virginia Tech. Also new to the staff is running backs coach Tim Maypray, who played football at VMI and graduated in 2010 before a brief stint in the Canadian Football League.

Returning starters

Offense

Defense

Special teams

Roster

Schedule
VMI released its schedule on February 3, 2015. The schedule features six home games and five road contests. VMI will face Ball State on the road in the season opener on a Thursday night. The home opener will be September 12 against Pioneer League member Morehead State. The Keydets will play one team from the commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, after not playing a team from Virginia in 2014. VMI will host conference rivals Samford, Chattanooga, Wofford, and Western Carolina, and will travel to Furman, Mercer, and The Citadel.

Source: Schedule

Game summaries

Ball State

Morehead State

Richmond

Furman

Bucknell

Samford

Chattanooga

Mercer

Wofford

The Citadel

Western Carolina

References

VMI
VMI Keydets football seasons
VMI Keydets football

2015 VMI Keydets football team


Prospect is a monthly British general-interest magazine, specialising in politics, economics and current affairs. Topics covered include British and other European, as well as US politics, social issues, art, literature, cinema, science, the media, history, philosophy and psychology. Prospect features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles, first-person reportage, one-page columns and shorter items.

The magazine was launched in October 1995 by David Goodhart, then a senior correspondent for the Financial Times (FT), and chairman Derek Coombs. Goodhart came up with the idea of producing an essay-based monthly general-interest magazine—a form unknown in Britain at that time—while covering German reunification as Bonn correspondent for the FT.

Some prominent intellectuals have featured in Prospect, including economists Joseph Stiglitz,   Sen and Angus Deaton, writers such as Lionel Shriver, Clive James, Toni Morrison and Margaret Atwood, as well as scientists like Martin Rees. Notable features of the magazine include debates of two writers with opposing views, discussions in which a series of experts with varying views, an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine, and interviews with political and cultural figures (examples include Orhan Pamuk, Paul Wolfowitz and Hilary Mantel).

Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world's top 100 public intellectuals, which included Ziauddin Sardar, Noam Chomsky, Umberto Eco, Richard Dawkins, Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens. When the magazine asked readers to vote for the top intellectual on the list, Chomsky emerged the winner. Subsequent lists continued to get attention. Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013. Amartya Sen won in 2014 and Thomas Piketty was the winner in 2015. After a four year absence, the award was revived by Caucher Birkar in 2019.

Prospect has also published the winning short story of the Royal Society of Literature's V. S. Pritchett Memorial Prize in 2009.

Policy positions
The magazine features contributions from authors spanning the political spectrum. It tends to avoid a "line" on specific policy issues, claiming to offer a "contrarian" view and to be an "open minded" magazine. It has published articles debunking the "popular wisdom", on topics ranging from Japan's alleged economic crisis to the Mahdi army in Iraq. However, it has been described as left-leaning by the BBC, and the Prospect contributor Roger Scruton.

In an August 2009 roundtable interview in Prospect, Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions, warning that a "swollen" financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society. Turner's suggestion that a "Tobin tax", named after the economist James Tobin, should be considered for financial transactions drew international attention.

Since 2004, the magazine's founding editor, David Goodhart, has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends. The debate fed into the broader discussions of "Britishness".

Think Tank Awards
Prospect holds the annual Think Tank Awards, which celebrate and reward the works of think tanks on a national and global scale. The awards are supported by Shell. Categories include "Global Think Tank of the Year", "Publication of the Year", "North American Think Tank of the Year", "European Think Tank of the Year" (excluding Britain), 'UK Think Tank of the Year', and many sub-categories just for the UK.

According to the official website, "The awards are judged by a cross-party panel looking for evidence of influence on public policy and on the public discourse. The judges will also consider the quality of research and potential of younger and smaller organisations." The awards have been running since 2001, and have been expanding exponentially to include more global awards for international Think Tanks. The winner of the most recent 2017 Think Tank awards (held at the Institute of Directors on 10 July) was the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, based in the UK, for its "very strong analytical appraisal of the social conditions in Britain".

List of editors

David Goodhart (1995–2011)
Bronwen Maddox (2011–2016)
Tom Clark (2016–2021)
Alan Rusbridger (2021–)

References

Further reading
David Goodhart (editor), Thinking Allowed: The Best of Prospect, 1995–2005, Atlantic Books, 2005.

External links

Official home page
Think Tank Awards official site
Think Tank Awards Previous Winners
Digital Edition

1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
News magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1995
Political magazines published in the United Kingdom

Prospect (magazine)


tvtwm is an X window manager derived from twm to which it adds the virtual desktop feature from swm. All of these window managers were originally written by Tom LaStrange. The current maintainer of tvtwm is Chris Ross. James Tanis believes he may be the only remaining user of tvtwm, and placed a notice on his web site seeking other users who would like a bug fix release.

Unlike most more recent virtual window managers, tvtwm models the root window as a single large space, with the physical desktop being a viewport onto that virtual root window.  The user can scroll the viewport around the virtual desktop either by pressing certain keys or by clicking into a scaled down representation of the virtual desktop, the so-called panner.

 tvtwm7 GNU automake build source of original tvtwm

History
 Announcement of patchlevel 1 31 August 1990
 Announcement of patchlevel 2 5 September 1990
 Announcement of patchlevel 3 3 October 1990
 Patch 4 (no announcement) 16 November 1990
 Announcement of patchlevel 5 24 April 1991
 Announcement of patchlevel 6 13 June 1991
 Patch 7 was included on the contrib tape for X11R5
 Patch 10 was included in the contrib section for X11R6
 The latest release is patchlevel 11

References

Free X window managers

Tvtwm