The National Coal Mining Museum for England is based at the site of Caphouse Colliery in Overton, Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1988 as the Yorkshire Mining Museum and was granted national status in 1995.

History
Caphouse Colliery was sunk in the 1770s or 1780s and the Hope Pit in the 1820s. Sir John Lister Kaye of Denby Grange took over James Milnes' leases the mineral rights in 1827 and his pits became the Denby Grange Colliery. The boiler house and stone and brick chimney at the museum are Grade II listed structures built around 1876 for Emma Lister Kaye along with the steam winding engine house, boiler yard, heapstead and ventilation shaft which are Grade II* listed. The boiler house has two Lancashire boilers and powered the winding engine. The timber headgear at Caphouse and the wood framed screens building at Hope Pit date from between 1905 and 1911. Pithead baths and an administration block were built between 1937 and 1938.

Lockwood and Elliott who owned Shuttle Eye Colliery had acquired the colliery by 1942. The colliery was nationalised in 1947 and a drift mine opened in 1974. The colliery closed in 1985.

The Yorkshire Mining Museum opened in 1988 and the museum became the National Coal Mining Museum in 1995. In October 2022 the museum staff voted to strike over a below inflation pay offer.

Museum

The museum offers guided underground tours where visitors can experience the conditions miners worked in and see the tools and machines they used as the industry and the mine developed through the years.

Above ground, the museum sits on a  semi-rural site, with over a dozen galleries documenting the social and industrial history of the mines. The extensive library and archive contains a first edition of De re Metallica, as well as issues of "Coal News" and details of collieries throughout England. There are numerous other original features on site, including the pit head baths, steam winding house, boiler house and coal screening plant. The site maintains an operating paddy train connecting the main Caphouse hub to the Hope Pit area of the site, where a natural Water Treatment facility with reed beds and bird hides is operated in partnership with the Coal Authority. There is also an interpretive nature trail connecting the wooded valley area of the site.

The museum has had many developments in recent years. The Miners Memorial Garden was opened in 2015, and a large mining-themed adventure playground was built in 2017. Significant improvements to the visitor welcome hub, which contains the museum's retail, education, catering and conferencing facilities were made from 2018 onwards owing to funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund.

Since the early 1990s, the museum has hosted pit ponies and other horses with links to the Coal Mining industry. A new interactive Pony Discovery Centre was opened in 2021 replacing the older stables block sited in the Boiler Yard.

The museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

The museum held the exhibition 'My Mining Days' for mining artist Tom Lamb in 2008–2009.

Collection

Railway Locomotives

Battery Electric Locomotives
 Narrow Gauge
 Atlas 2463
 713007 (Clayton B0182B)
 Clayton No. 7 SICK NOTE
 Clayton B3538 COMPO

Diesel Hydraulic Locomotives

 Narrow Gauge
 Hunslet 7530
 Hunslet 8832 (flameproof)
 YKSMM 2001.831 (GMT 4w-4wDHF Rack)
 GMT 0592 KIRSTIN
 Hunslet 9271 (rack fitted)
 Standard Gauge
 NCB 44 (Hunslet 6684)
 Hunslet 7307
 Thomas Hill 249V

Diesel Mechanical Locomotives
 Narrow Gauge
 Hunslet 6273
 Hudswell-Clarke DM1356
 Hudswell-Clarke DM655
 Hudswell-Clarke DM746
 Ruston & Hornsby 375547
 Ruston & Hornsby 379659
 Standard Gauge
 Hudswell-Clarke D1121 MANTON

Steam locomotives
Standard Gauge
 RSH 7298 PROGRESS 0-6-0ST

Location
The museum is situated on the A642, in Overton near Middlestown between Wakefield and Huddersfield. It is signposted from the M1 motorway. It can be reached by car or public transport.

The museum features regularly on television programmes, especially those with a focus on genealogy and mining culture.

See also
 Rhondda Heritage Park and Big Pit National Coal Museum in the South Wales Valleys
 National Mining Museum Scotland
 Listed buildings in Sitlington

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

 National Coal Mining Museum
 BBC photographs

Museums established in 1988
Coal mines in England
Underground mines in England
European Route of Industrial Heritage Anchor Points
Museums sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Mining museums in England
Tourist attractions in the City of Wakefield
Museums in West Yorkshire
Mining in West Yorkshire
Coal mining in the United Kingdom
1988 establishments in England
Coal museums
National museums of England

National Coal Mining Museum for England


The Southern Tier is a geographic subregion of the broader Upstate region of New York State, geographically situated along or very near the state border with Pennsylvania. Definitions of the region vary widely, but generally encompass counties surrounding the Binghamton and Elmira-Corning metropolitan areas.  This region is adjacent to the Northern Tier of Pennsylvania, and both these regions together are known as the Twin Tiers.

Geographically, most of the Southern Tier resides in the Allegheny Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains, with the eastern areas of the region nestled in the western portion of the Catskill Mountains. A longtime home of the Iroquois Confederacy, European settlers moved to the region after the American Revolutionary War. The fertile yet hilly land, combined with sweeping river valleys, led the region to support a combination of manufacturing industries (including large companies such as IBM and Corning Inc.) and farming, but with less development compared to neighboring subregions of Upstate. Since the 1950s, the area is often considered to be a part of the Rust Belt, as manufacturing jobs have left the region.

Constituent counties
The eight counties almost always included in the Southern Tier are:

Less frequently included in the "Southern Tier" designation are Schuyler County, Yates County (the regional sentiment is stronger throughout the southern portions of Yates, such as the village of Dundee), Cortland County and Tompkins County; even more rarely, Chenango County; and far more rarely, Schoharie County and Otsego County. (The last three of these plus Broome County are commonly considered part of the tourist designation "Central Leatherstocking Region", while Schoharie County is also listed as part of the Capital District.) At least one definition used by the state Department of Transportation includes Sullivan County, which usually isn't included in other definitions. The National Weather Service office in Buffalo occasionally includes Wyoming County and Southern Erie County in its definition; the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation also includes those two regions as well as Livingston, Ontario and Seneca Counties in the "Southern Tier" region for the purpose of fire monitoring (the last three counties are almost never included in other definitions).

The Encyclopedia of New York State lists only Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Allegany, and Steuben Counties as part of the Southern Tier, with anything east of that being considered Central New York. Other definitions define it as comprising the combined Corning-Elmira-Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Areas, which includes Steuben, Chemung, Tioga and Broome Counties but not Chautauqua, Cattaraugus or Allegany, which are considered Western New York.

The New York State Division of Local Government Services presently classifies the following fourteen counties as members of the Southern Tier: Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Schuyler, Steuben, Tioga, and Tompkins. This definition corresponds to the same 14 counties in New York State that are members of the Appalachian Regional Commission formed in 1963.

Much of the Southern Tier is in area code 607, with the exception of Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Chautauqua Counties, which are in area code 716 or area code 585. As of 2023, the westernmost portion of the Southern Tier is located in New York's 23rd congressional district, and the easternmost portion is located in New York's 19th congressional district. The ZIP code prefixes 147 (Jamestown region), 148 – 149 (Elmira region), and 137 – 139 (Binghamton region) are set aside for the Southern Tier.

Geography

The Southern Tier is generally hilly without being mountainous (with the exception of the Catskill mountains). This can range from low rolling hills to more steep and rugged cliffs and valleys. Both the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers flow through the Southern Tier in their upper reaches, as does the Allegheny River in the western Southern Tier.

The Southern Tier makes up the northernmost portion of Appalachia and lies on the Allegheny Plateau. It is defined on its western boundary by the Chautauqua Ridge in Chautauqua County, and including this ridge and extending eastward across the northern bounds of the region, the continental divide between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watersheds exists. The Eastern Continental Divide runs directly through the region, in Steuben County.

History

The Southern Tier has long been home to the people of the Iroquois Confederacy. There were major settlements along the Allegheny River in Cattaraugus County (which the Senecas acquired by defeating the Wenrohronon during the Beaver Wars in 1638) and at Painted Post in Steuben County, at what is today the northeast side of Corning, New York. The Seneca Nation has a reservation today along the Allegheny River and a headquarters at Salamanca. There are also Native lands (with no current Native residents) on Cuba Lake in Allegany County.

The colonies that eventually became the states of New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania all laid claim to the Southern Tier at various points in the 17th and 18th centuries, while not making any significant attempt to settle the territory.

The region was quickly settled by whites after the Revolutionary War, when settlers were again allowed west of the Appalachian divide. The Southern Tier shared in the economic growth of the early 19th century, but its hilly terrain made it less suitable to canal-building, and later, railroading, than the more-level corridor to the north between Albany and Buffalo. There was an attempt at a Genesee Valley Canal in the western half, and in the eastern half, the Chemung and Chenango Canals did connect the Erie Canal to Elmira and Binghamton respectively. Beset by financial and technical difficulties, the latter two canals nonetheless were important catalysts for economic growth, and indeed for the construction of the railroads that would supplant them. Plans to connect these canals to the Pennsylvania Canal system, thus making them much more than feeders to the Erie Canal, never came to fruition.

Railroads did arrive and the Erie Railroad, which followed the water-level of the Allegheny, Susquehanna and Delaware watersheds, accelerated industrial progress in the region about the time of the American Civil War. The railroad and available fuel from the region's dense forests attracted Corning Glass Works to Steuben County in 1868.

The region became home to prosperous farms and small factory towns (with the exception of larger Binghamton) during the first half of the 20th century. But declines in U.S. manufacturing hit the region hard and it suffered even more than other parts of upstate New York and northern Pennsylvania.

The region's addition to the Appalachian Regional Commission, often credited to the influence of U.S. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, provided economic stimulus over the last 40 years. Government funds built the Southern Tier Expressway, highway links to the New York State Thruway, encouraged the growth of state colleges at Wellsville, Alfred and Binghamton and sought with mixed success to attract business interests relocating from the New York Metropolitan Area and urban Western New York.

For two decades, the region has tried to remake itself as a tourist destination and relocation area for retirees from big Northeastern cities. Meanwhile, agriculture and manufacturing struggle to compete regionally and globally.

Education
Binghamton University (the State University of New York-Binghamton) is one of the SUNY system's four University Centers. Other 4-year and graduate institutions within the core counties include St. Bonaventure University, Alfred University, Elmira College, and Houghton College. Technical and community colleges include Alfred State College, Broome Community College, Corning Community College, and the State University of New York at Delhi.  The region is also home to E.B.I. Career College, a vocational school.

Institutions of higher learning outside the core counties include Cornell University, Hartwick College, Ithaca College, SUNY Colleges in Cortland and Oneonta, Jamestown Community College, Fredonia, and Tompkins Cortland Community College.

Transportation

The Southern Tier Expressway – Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17 – serves the Southern Tier. The highway is the region's major corridor and connects to U.S. Route 219 in Salamanca, Interstate 390 in Bath, Interstate 99 in Corning, U.S. Route 220 in Waverly, and Interstates 81 and 88 in Binghamton.

The region is served by three regional airports.  Elmira-Corning Regional Airport has routes to Atlanta, Washington D.C., Detroit, and several destinations in Florida.  The Greater Binghamton Airport offers Delta Airlines flights to Detroit. Chautauqua County-Jamestown Airport connects to Pittsburgh via Essential Air Service.

Bus service is provided along the entire I-86/NY 17 corridor by Coach USA's Shortline/Erie services from Jamestown to New York City and Buffalo, and Trailways connects the Southern Tier with Buffalo, Dubois (at the western end in Salamanca), Sunbury/Lock Haven (at Elmira), and Syracuse, Albany and Harrisburg (at Binghamton). A somewhat-unorganized network of municipally-operated public transportation services operate local and limited intercity bus services between Salamanca and Elmira.

Until the demise of long-distance passenger rail service in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s, the Erie Railroad operated passenger trains in the region, with Chicago, Illinois as the western terminus and Jersey City, New Jersey as the eastern terminus, with ferry connections to New York City. The last Erie Lackawanna passenger train, the "Lake Cities", ran on January 6, 1970.

Amtrak currently does not serve the area. Proposals for high-speed rail in New York have included a route from Binghamton to New York City through Scranton, Pennsylvania: a route that could at least partially be upgraded for high-speed rail. As of 2011, the highest priority for high-speed rail projects in New York is in the Empire Corridor, of which no part crosses the Southern Tier. The hilly terrain of the Southern Tier's I-86 corridor is not ideal for high-speed rail service, especially compared to the relatively-flat and straight land in the Empire Corridor.

Economy

Government services are the largest employer in the area. Of second and declining importance is manufacturing. The region's manufacturing economy has suffered for decades, but factories are found in the region's larger communities. Fortune 500 materials maker Corning Inc. is headquartered in Steuben County.  Broome County has a large high-tech industry, and is the birthplace of IBM and flight simulation. In addition, other factories in the region make military aircraft, televisions, furniture, metal forgings and machine tools.

The area includes the northern extent of the Marcellus Formation and natural gas. Crude oil and oil sands continue to be extracted from Southern Tier wells as they have for over a century. There is significant debate about allowing hydraulic fracturing of the Marcellus Shale in the Southern Tier, which is currently banned in New York.

Cummins engine company has a large production facility located in Jamestown, NY. The Jamestown Engine Plant, established in 1974, is one of the top five heavy-duty diesel engine producers worldwide with production in recent years typically exceeding 100,000 engines annually. The JEP also remains one of the company's largest manufacturing facilities, as it accounts for 12 percent of Cummins' total engine production in 2012.

Agriculture is also a major part of the economy. Leading products are dairy, vegetables, orchard fruit and wine grapes (the last of which typically grows only on the fringes of the Southern Tier, as the inland areas tend to not have a long enough growing season to support it). In addition, two prominent microbreweries, the Southern Tier Brewing Company in Lakewood, New York and the Ellicottville Brewing Company in Ellicottville, operate in the western Southern Tier.

The western and northern edges of the Southern Tier are known as ski country, and the hilly terrain (that forms a continental divide known as the Chautauqua Ridge) is notorious for frequent and heavy lake effect snow. As a result, Ellicottville has become a "ski town" with both the Holimont and Holiday Valley resorts in the vicinity; the two resorts draw numerous tourists, particularly from Canada, for which U.S. Route 219 provides easy access. At its peak in the 1960s, over a dozen ski resorts resided in the Southern Tier, many in Cattaraugus County, before most of them closed due to various assorted causes by the 1980s.

Culture

The Southern Tier is home to two professional symphony orchestras: the Binghamton Philharmonic in Binghamton and the Orchestra of the Southern Finger Lakes in Corning. Binghamton also has the Binghamton Youth Symphony and the Binghamton Community Orchestra.

The Tri-Cities Opera Company present full-scale operas in Binghamton.

Media and entertainment

Most of the Southern Tier is either served by the Elmira-Corning television market or the Binghamton television market. Cattaraugus and Allegany Counties are out of these stations' ranges, however, and are instead served by the Buffalo and Erie television markets. Two stations (more-or-less independent WVTT-CD and Retro Television Network owned-and-operated translator WBUO-LD) are licensed to Olean but serve Buffalo in practice.

The Olean, Elmira-Corning, and Binghamton radio markets directly serve the Southern Tier, and the Ithaca market indirectly serves some of the area. Seven Mountains Media is the dominant broadcaster in Olean and Elmira-Corning. iHeartMedia and Cumulus Media own station clusters only in Binghamton.

Notable newspapers include The Leader of Corning, the Elmira Star-Gazette, the Binghamton Press & Sun-Bulletin, Hornell Evening Tribune, the Wellsville Daily Reporter, the Olean Times Herald, the Salamanca Press, The Post-Journal of Jamestown, and The Observer of Dunkirk. The Tribune, Reporter and Leader are all owned by GateHouse Media; Gannett Company owns the Star-Gazette and Press & Sun-Bulletin.

The Southern Tier has an eclectic history of sports. From 1979 to 2009 the LPGA Corning Classic was held at the Corning Country Club. Endicott's En-Joie Golf Course hosted a PGA Tour event, the B.C. Open, from 1971 until 2006. It then became the  Dick's Sporting Goods Open which is a PGA Tour Champions event still played each summer. Binghamton has a AA baseball team, the Binghamton Rumble Ponies, and a Federal Prospects Hockey League franchise, the Binghamton Black Bears. Depending on the boundary definition, Watkins Glen International Speedway, a NASCAR and Indy Racing League sanctioned road racing track, is located in the Southern Tier region.

From 2000 to 2017, Elmira had a professional ice hockey team in the Elmira Jackals. They played in the United Hockey League from 2000 to 2007 and the ECHL for the franchise's remaining years. The Jackals were replaced by a new Federal Hockey League franchise called the Elmira Enforcers from 2018 to 2021. The last minor league baseball team in the Southern Tier west of Binghamton, the Jamestown Jammers, relocated out of the area in 2016, ending an era in which the New York–Penn League featured pro teams in Jamestown, Olean, Wellsville, Hornell, Corning, Elmira and Oneonta over the course of its history; collegiate summer baseball still thrives in the region in the form of the New York Collegiate Baseball League and Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League, both with multiple teams in the region, and Town Team Baseball also operated in the form of the Southwestern New York Men's Baseball League from 2014 to 2016. Only one major league franchise has ever resided in the Southern Tier: the professional basketball team Elmira Colonels, which played from 1952 to 1953.

See also
Twin Tiers
Northern Tier (Pennsylvania)
Erie Triangle
New York-Pennsylvania border

Notes

External links

Southern Tier Business Information: Information on Southern Tier companies, industries and industry clusters.
DotST: A photographic project devoted to chronicling the decline of the Southern Tier.

Regions of New York (state)
Upstate New York

Southern Tier


Otis Day and the Knights was created as a fictional R&B band to perform in the 1978 movie National Lampoon's Animal House.

Career
They are best known for their R&B/ black rock version of "Shout" and "Shama Lama Ding Dong". Both songs were sung by Lloyd Williams, and lip synched by DeWayne Jessie in the film. Backing vocals were provided by Melvin Britt and Sidney Justin. Gospel style "Shout" was written by the Isley Brothers. Otis Day was played by Jessie, brother of Young Jessie of The Coasters. Robert Cray was one of the members of the band, seen playing bass in the movie.

In the 1980s, DeWayne Jessie purchased the rights to the band's name from Universal Studios and formed a real-life version of the band with some of his family members and toured the country for years afterward, with Jessie essentially assuming the identity of Otis Day. They recorded an album, produced by George Clinton, that came out in 1989 titled Shout which flopped, but included updated versions of "Shout" and "Shama Lama Ding Dong".

Discography
Shout (1989)

References

External links

Fictional musical groups

Otis Day and the Knights


The National Water Resources Board (NWRB) is an agency of the Government of the Philippines working on water resources and potable water.  It has policy-making, regulatory and quasi-judicial functions.

The NWRB is an attached agency of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources responsible for ensuring the exploitation, utilization, development, conservation and protection of the country's water resource, consistent with the principles of "Integrated Water Resource Management".

The NWRB Board is composed of five cabinet secretaries, plus a representative from academia and the NWRB's executive director and is led by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources.

History
The predecessor of the NWRB is the National Water Resources Council ("NWRC"), which was created in 1974 under Presidential Decree No. 424, otherwise known as the "Integrated Reorganization Plan". It was subsequently renamed as NWRB pursuant to Executive Order No. 124-A. Under the said decree, the NWRB is tasked among others, to Coordinate and integrate water resource development activities of the country; formulate general criteria, methods and standards for data collection, project investigation, formulation, planning design and feasibility evaluation, and rules and regulations for the exploitation and optimum utilization of water resources; Review and approve water resource development plans and programs of other agencies; undertake river basin surveys, inventories and appraisals, and develop comprehensive basin-wide plans of storage and control to maximize the conservation and multipurpose use of water; and undertake hydrologic surveys and establish, operate and maintain observation station networks and centralized water resources data center; and conduct and/or promote special studies and researches with other government or agencies on related aspects of water resources development.

The NWRB is advises the National Economic and Development Authority ("NEDA") on matters pertaining to water resources development projects and programs.

In 1976, Presidential Decree No. 1067, otherwise known as the Water Code of the Philippines was enacted. Based on the principles that: (a) "all water belongs to the State"; and (b) the State may allow the use or development of its waters by administrative concession", the NWRB was instituted as a "water resource regulator" tasked to regulate and control the utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and protection of all water resources.

The specific functions of the NWRB, as a "Water Resource Regulator", include among others, (a) the issuance water permits for the appropriation, and use of waters; and (b) adjudication of disputes relating to the appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, control and conservation, protection of waters.

In 1977, the Board of Power and Waterworks (BPW) was abolished pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1206. The function of the BPW that were inherited from the Public Service Commission as regards waterworks systems were later transferred to the NWRB, instituting the NWRB as an "economic regulator" of waterworks systems.

In 2002, the approval of tariffs for water districts was transferred to the NWRB from the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), pursuant to Executive Order No. 123. In the same executive order, the membership of the NWRB Board was changed to its present composition.

See also
 Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines
 Water privatization in the Philippines

References

Water management authorities
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)
Establishments by Philippine presidential decree

National Water Resources Board


The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and  held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister's conference held in January 1952. The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States' surging role in the world.

The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars, the future of the Pound sterling area, and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference, particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain's economic position. This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth, with the exception of Canada, had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves. Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an "agreement in platitudes".

British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain's demand for a voice in ANZUS.

In addition, Commonwealth prime ministers, after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles, it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth "should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all"  and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments. The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen, Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father, George VI.

Participants

References

1952
Diplomatic conferences in the United Kingdom
20th-century diplomatic conferences
1952 in international relations
1952 in London
United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations
1952 conferences
November 1952 events in the United Kingdom
December 1952 events in the United Kingdom
1950s in the City of Westminster
Winston Churchill
Robert Menzies


Joshua David Ansley was the bass player for the band HURT and the ska bands Catch 22 and Streetlight Manifesto. Raised in Old Bridge Township, New Jersey, United States, Ansley was a Ford model and an actor as a tween/preteen. He was in Social Butterfly, an alternative band that also featured future HURT guitarist and bandmate Paul Spatola.  Then he joined the pop-punk band The Youth Ahead before graduating high school and eventually joined the influential ska-punk group Catch 22. Josh went to Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University to study acting and also attended the London Academy of Theatre at The Globe.  While in London he wrote a play in Iambic Pentameter called Cirque de Lumiere which he later produced back at home.  He took off a year of school to tour with the band Catch 22.  He played a fretless bass when he started but later for Streetlight Manifesto, he played a five-string bass.  Ansley left Catch 22 a few months after the original release of Keasbey Nights in order to finish his degree.  After graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theatre, he rejoined with Tomas Kalnoky to form Streetlight Manifesto.  He played with them for a while and recorded bass on the album Everything Goes Numb, released on Victory Records and the RISC Group, before later leaving to move to Los Angeles; he was then replaced by Chris Paszik.

He became the bass player for the band HURT on Capitol Records, which toured with Alice In Chains, Staind, Three Days Grace, Breaking Benjamin, Seether and others.  He played on HURT's major label debut Volume I which came out March 21, 2006, and Volume II which was released on September 25, 2007. On April 3, 2008, he announced via HURT's forums and their Myspace page that he would be leaving the band to pursue different avenues.

References

Living people
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
People from Old Bridge Township, New Jersey
Guitarists from New Jersey
Year of birth missing (living people)

Josh Ansley


Jane Ray (born 11 June 1960) is an English illustrator of more than 70 children's books. The first book Jane illustrated A Balloon for Grandad written by Nigel Gray, is included in 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up. She is the writer and illustrator of some including Can You Catch a Mermaid? (Orchard Books), Ahmed and the Feather Girl (Frances Lincoln), and The Elephants Garden (Boxer Books). She won the 1992 Nestlé Children's Book Prize in the 6- to 8-year-old readers category for the Story of the Creation, published by Orchard Books (), and has been shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal several times. She was also a nominee for the Biennial of Illustration Bratislava 2017.

Early life
Jane Ray was born in Chingford, London and is the daughter of Donald Edwin and Barbara May, both teachers and musicians. Her interest in literature started at a young age with Alice in Wonderland being the first book she ever read. Ray started making books at age five during a summer holiday, her first book which she still owns is called Mr Teddy and Mrs Teddy go for a picnic. She produced a total of thirty books at this time. One of Ray's most prominent influences is Beatrix Potter, of whom she says:"I was fascinated by detail of her work. She was a scientist as well as an artist and I found that mixture of extremely detailed observation of the natural world and the pure fantasy of 'dormice in bonnets' captivating. I used to 'go into' those illustrations – imagined I was walking along that lane in Tom Kitten, or sitting amongst the foxgloves in Jemima Puddleduck or walking up the stairs of the doll's house in The Tale of Two Bad Mice".Other early influences of Ray's include Lucy Boston, Brian Wildsmith, Arthur Rackham and Jan Pienkowski.

Ray cites her art teacher at school as an influence on her decision to go to art school. She later completed a degree course at Middlesex University in Ceramics and 3 Dimensional Design. She initially wanted to teach deaf children.

Career
Before becoming an author and illustrator, Ray worked in a variety of jobs including a life model, special needs teacher, telephone cleaner and mural artist. Ray began her career by designing greetings cards and wrapping paper published by Roger La Borde. Her first full colour picture book, A Balloon for Grandad by Nigel Gray was published in 1989. She has illustrated books by Carol Ann Duffy (The Lost Happy Endings, pub. Bloomsbury), Jeanette Winterson (The King of Capri, Bloomsbury), Michael Rosen (Romeo and Juliet, Walker Books) and Kevin Crossley-Holland (Heartsong, Orchard Books).

Ray takes a hands-on approach to her work, preferring not to use digital technology. She often uses watercolours with pencils, as well as collage and metallic inks to make distinctive decorative patterns. Ray takes a cross-cultural approach to her work, often looking for inspiration in the British Museum. She emphasises the importance of identity in her work and how children can relate to the story's characters at a personal level. Multi-culturalism is an important aspect of Ray's work, with her stating:"The children I meet are ethnically diverse, and I would frankly, be embarrassed if my "audience" wasn't represented in the books I am making for them. So, from the beginning of my career I have included characters of different ethnicities, and I have particularly enjoyed bringing those differences to the traditional "flaxen haired" European traditions of Grimm, Perrault and Andersen."In 2016 Ray contributed towards the Nightingale Project which 'brightens up hospitals through the arts'. She produced works for Shannon Ward women's psychiatric intensive care unit at St. Charles Hospital in West London. The project was later extended to Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust. Ray's work was also displayed at the South Kensington and Chelsea Mental Health Centre. It was opened by Lord Fowler, the Lord Speaker of the House of Lords on the 1st of December 2016. In her work for this project Ray primarily depicted natural imagery such as trees as a way to connect outside life with the wards. Although common in her work, she specifically included birds as they represent freedom. When talking about the project, Ray claims it was 'liberating working on a much larger scale' and says it allowed for her artistic development.

Ray works in a studio located in her garden in London and uses postcards and cuttings to inspire her work.

She was nominated by IBBY UK as the British Nominee for the 2018 Hans Christian Andersen Award.

Personal life
Ray lives and works in London. She is married to conductor David Anthony Temple and has 3 children.

Bibliography

As illustrator:

A Balloon for Grandad – by Nigel Gray, Orchard
 Casting a Spell and Other Poems – anthology by Angela Huth, Orchard
 Island of the Children – anthology by Angela Huth, Orchard
 The Orchard Book of Creation Stories – Margaret Mayo, Orchard
 The Orchard Book of Mythical Birds and Beasts – Margaret Mayo, Orchard
 The Orchard Book of Magical Tales – Margaret Mayo, Orchard
 The Orchard Book of Love and Friendship – Geraldine Mccaughrean, Orchard
 Heartsong – Kevin Crossley Holland, Orchard
 The Unicorn Prince – Saviour Pirotta, Orchard
 Song of the Earth – Mary Hoffman, Orion
 Sun, Moon and Stars – Mary Hoffman, Orion Arion and the Dolphin – Vikram Seth, Orion
 Mother Gave a Shout – edited by Morag Styles and Suzanna Steele,
 Fairy Tales – retold by Berlie Doherty, Walker Books
 The Bold Boy – Malachy Doyle, Walker Books
 Lugalbanda – Kathy Henderson, Walker Books
 Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet – Michael Rosen, Walker Books
 Hummingbirds – Nicola Davies, Walker Books
 The King of Capri – Janette Winterson, Bloomsbury
 The Lost Happy Endings – Carol Ann Duffy, Bloomsbury
 Jinnie Ghost – Berlie Doherty, Frances Lincoln
 Greek Myths – Sally Pomme Clayton, Frances Lincoln
 Zeraffa Giraffa – Dianne Hofmeyr, Frances Lincoln
 The Glass Makers Daughter – Dianne Hofmeyr, Frances Lincoln
 The Moonbird – Joyce Dunbar, Doubleday
 Stories for a Fragile Planet – Keneth Steven, Lion Hudson
 Classic Christmas Stories – Mary Joslin, Lion Children's Books
 The Stolen Childhood and Other Dark Fairy Tales – Carol Ann Duffy, Penguin
 From a Distance – Julie Gold, Dutton
 Myths and Legends of the Near East – Rachel Storm, The Folio Society
 Celtic Myths and Legends – Caitlin and John Matthews, The Folio Society
 The Arabian Nights – Powys/Mathews, Folio Society
 Corey's Rock – Sita Brahmachari, Otter-Barry Books
 Worry Angels – Sita Brahmachari, Barrington Stoke
 The Dolls House – Rumer Godden, Macmillan
 The Fairy Doll – Rumer Godden, Macmillan
 Give the Ball to the Poet – poetry anthology edited by Georgie Horrell, Aisha Spencer and Morag Styles, Commonwealth Education Trust Books
 The Pied Piper – Collins Big Cat

As author and illustrator

 Can You Catch a Mermaid? – Orchard
 The Apple Pip Princess – Orchard
 The Dolls House Fairy – Orchard
 Ahmed and the Feather Girl – Frances Lincoln
 The Elephant's Garden – Boxer Books

As adaptor and illustrator

 Noah's Ark – Orchard
 The Story of the Creation – Orchard
 The Story of Christmas – Orchard
 The Happy Prince – Orchard
 Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden – Eden Project
 The Twelve Dancing Princesses – Orchard
 Hansel and Gretel – Walker Books
 Snow White – (pop-up) – Walker Books
 Cinderella – (pop-up) – Walker Books
 The Twelve Days of Christmas – Orchard Books
 The Nutcracker – Orchard Books
 The Emperors Nightingale and other Feathery Tales – Boxer Books
 The Little Mermaid and other Fishy Tales – Boxer Books
 The Lion and the Unicorn and other Hairy Tales – Boxer Books

As contributor

 Lines in the Sand – Mary Hoffman and Rhiannon Lassiter, Frances Lincoln
 Frances Lincoln A Collection of Just So Stories – Rudyard Kipling, Walker Books
 Play the Shape Game – Anthony Browne, Walker Books
 Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen – Folio Society
 Dare to be Different – Amnesty International
 We Are All Born Free – Amnesty International
 Over the Hills and far Away – Frances Lincoln
 The Orchard Book of Stories from the Opera – Orchard
 Just So Stories – Walker Books
 Under the Sun and Over the Sea – John Agard and Grace Nichols, Walker Books

Prizes and awards

 1989 shortlisted for the Mother Goose Award for A Balloon For Grandad.
 1991 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for Noah's Ark.
 1992 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for The Story of Christmas.
 1992 winner of the Smarties Award (6–8 years) for The Story of Creation.
 1992 winner of Nestlé Children's Book Prize in the 6- to 8-year-old readers category for the Story of the Creation, published by Orchard Books ().
 1995 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for The Happy Prince.
 1995 shortlisted for the Kurt Maschler Award for The Song of the Earth.
 2001 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for Fairy Tales.
 2005 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for Jinnie Ghost.
 2008 shortlisted for the Kate Greenaway Award for The Lost Happy Endings.
 2017 nominated for the Biennial of Illustration Bratislava.
 2018 BBY UK Illustrator nominee for the Hans Christian Andersen Awards.

References

External links

 Profile at publisher Walker Books
  (mainly previous page of browse report, under 'Ray, Jane' without '1960–')

1960 births
English illustrators
English children's writers
British children's book illustrators
20th-century illustrators of fairy tales
Alumni of Middlesex University
People from Muswell Hill
Living people

Jane Ray


Vamos Uruguay (Spanish, 'Go Uruguay') is a political sector of the Colorado Party in Uruguay. It was founded by Pedro Bordaberry in 2007. It is considered to be the faction furthest to the right within the party, and is seen as the continuation of the old Riverist current. It opposes the direction of Battlist factions in the party.

In the 2009 Uruguayan general election, Vamos Uruguay members got a majority of Colorado votes. Since 2005 it has had three senators: Pedro Bordaberry, Germán Coutinho, and Ope Pasquet; and 14 representatives: Fernando Amado, Alma Mallo, Aníbal Gloodtofsky, Fitzgerald Cantero, Juan Manuel Garino y Juan Ángel Vázquez (Montevideo), Graciela Mattiaude (Canelones), Germán Cardoso (Maldonado), Gustavo Cersósimo (San José), Daniel Bianchi (Colonia), José Amy (Soriano), Martha Montaner (Tacuarembó), Walter Verri (Paysandú), Cecilia Eguiluz (Salto).

References

External links
 Vamos Uruguay - website
 Lista 1030 - Montevideo
 Vamos Paysandú
 Mensuario Vamos a Más

Colorado Party (Uruguay)
2007 establishments in Uruguay

Vamos Uruguay


, also known as simply Anza (stylized in all caps), is a Japanese singer and theater actress best known as vocalist of the heavy metal band Head Phones President and for playing Sailor Moon in thirteen separate musical productions.

Biography

Personal life
Anza was born in Cape Town, South Africa, to a White South African mother and a Japanese father. When they moved to Nagasaki, Japan in her childhood, Anza was not fluent in the Japanese language and was bullied because of her foreign appearance. She has a younger sister named Chiho Oyama who played Sailor Jupiter in Sailor Moon musicals.

Career
Anza began modeling in junior high school and was invited to shoot a commercial in Nagoya. At fifteen, she made her acting debut on NHK's Chūgakusei Nikki. She made her music debut in 1992 as a member of the pop idol group Sakurakko Club and released a number of singles with them. She and Ayako Morino, also of Sakurakko Club fame, were in a spin-off duo called Momo. They released two singles in 1993 and 1994.

With Anza joining the Sailor Moon musicals in 1993, she appeared regularly on the CD releases for the musicals, both in solo and group songs. From her five-year period as Sailor Moon, she can be heard on the "La Soldier" single (released prior to the very first musical), the first five Memorial Album of the Musical releases, as well as three of the eight compilation albums which have been released since the musicals' conception.

In 1994, Moon Lips, a group of actresses from the musicals including Anza, provided vocals for the Sailor Moon anime's theme song "Moonlight Densetsu". It was used for the show's third and fourth seasons, known as Sailor Moon S and Sailor Moon Super S, respectively.

Shortly following her graduation from the Sailor Moon musicals in 1998, she released a solo single entitled "Dream" under the Sony Music Entertainment Japan record label. "Dream" was also featured as the ending theme song for the TV show Famitsu Wave. In April 1999, she released "Tobira wo Akete" (under Victor Entertainment), a single which was used as a theme song for the anime Cardcaptor Sakura. In September 1999, Anza provided vocals for "Ai wo Shizumeteru", the ending theme song to the PlayStation game Psychic Force 2. Another of her songs, "Mienai Chizu", was used as an insert song in episode 68 of Cardcaptor Sakura.

In 1999, Anza went in a completely different direction with her music. She formed Head Phones President with brothers Hiro and Mar, who previously helped her on her solo work. They are a heavy metal band, with occasional harsh, screamed vocals interspersed with soft melodic singing. Anza is often introduced as being on "vocals and visuals". They have referred to their music as "'negative', due to their emotional lyrics that stem from traumatic experiences, [but] believe their music expresses their struggles in a hopeful manner." A lot of the lyrics come from Anza; the song "Alienblood" represents her own troubles growing up in Japan as mixed race.

In 2003, Toho recorded four of its Les Misérables musicals live, and they released four double-disc albums (available only by special order directly from Toho). Anza appears on the light blue album with Kazutaka Ishii as Jean Valjean.

In 2006, Anza was signed onto the Universal Music Japan and released her debut single with them: "Kanata e". It was used as the second ending theme song for the anime Glass no Kantai.

In late 2008, she joined the rock band Vitamin-Q along with Masami Tsuchiya, Kazuhiko Katō, Gota Yashiki and Rei Ohara. However, after Katō's suicide on October 17, 2009, the group ceased activity.

In 2011, Anza started a webshop in collaboration with Riho, "Raz -Rabbit" is a shop of clothes and accessories.

On May 1, 2011, Anza performed a solo show in support of 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami victims. At the show, nominated "Anza's Box", she sang songs from musicals SeraMyu, Gift, Les Misérables, beyond musics from solo career and participation of Iwana Misako (from SeraMyu), Manabu Oda (from musical Gift) and her band Head Phones President.

On December 24, 2011, Anza performed on "Live & Cafe Bar Rocky", in Tokyo, the solo show "Anza Xmas Live". The show had participation of Tomo (key), Hiro (guitar), Norio Yoshida (bass), Sakaguchi Masaru (percussion) and Maddie as a special guest. In addition to the songs from the previous show, she sang Christmas songs dressed in Santa Claus costume.

In late 2012, Anza was featured on the song "Unmei no Megami" from the group Dragon Guardian, at the album The Best of Dragon Guardian Saga.

Since 2013, Anza has performed as a DJ sporadically, alone or with her bandmate Narumi.

On May 24, 2014, Anza celebrated her 22 years of career in the show "Anza Solo Live" with participation of musicians Kato Tomoko, HIRO and Sakaguchi Masaru, in addition to special guests Okuyama Momoko, Iwana Misako (formerly Kotani Misako), Oda Manabu, Haruka (Rouse Garden) and Fujiwara Yuki. On sale at the concert had a small "ANZA BOOK" celebrating her 22-year career's day and a new T-shirt designed by Anza's collaboration brand RAZ.

The music of Head Phones President was the genesis of the rock musical Stand in the World written and directed by Shohei Hayashi, which ran at the Tokyo Arts Center from June 11–13, 2016. The band performed during the show which stars Erika Yamakawa, Manabu Oda and Hikari Ono.

For the 15th anniversary of the PGS SPECIAL STORE, RAZ was in a physical store in Ikebukuro from November 10 to 28, 2016.

On December 2, 2016, Anza performed the show "Anza Solo Live" on "New eight", in Kamata, Tokyo. The show had participation of Iwana Misako, in addition to the musicians Key_TOMO and Gt_HIRO. On May 4, 2017, Anza performed the show "ANZA Birthday Live" in the same place, with the same guests, with additional participation of Oda Manabu.

On February 26, 2017, Anza made a guest appearance on JENOFES at Ikebukuro Live Inn Rosa, Tokyo JAPAN.

On March 25, 2017, Anza started the column "Good times for a change ☆" at BEEAST web rock magazine.

Anza solo 20th anniversary, RAZ 7th anniversary SPECIAL LIVE "ANZA WORLD" was on July 13, 2018 at Sengawa Fix Hall with guests Iwana Misako and NANA(REASTERISK); musicians TOMO and HIRO; Apparel RAZ; dj NARUMI and models Chiro, AREA, iPo, Nagano Erina, Misato Koromo, Otaki Tetsutaro and Ayami Rika.

Stage career
Anza has performed in a number of stage productions, the majority of which being musicals. Her first major production was as the leading role of Sailor Moon in the Sailor Moon musicals, commonly known as Sera Myu. She is one of the longest-running cast members to ever perform in the Sailor Moon musicals and is the longest-running Sailor Moon to date. She held the role for five years performing in thirteen separate productions between 1993 and 1998.

Nearing the end of her stretch as Sailor Moon, she also performed in a musical called 2050-nen no Aoi Shima between 1997 and 1998. Chiruchiru was the name of her character. In 2000, she broke off from the musical scene in a Japanese stage production of Mr. Holland's Opus. Similarly, in 2002, she was in a Japanese stage production of When Harry Met Sally....

In 2003, Anza returned to doing musicals by taking on the role of Eponine in several Toho productions of Les Misérables through till 2006. In 2004, Anza appeared as Ellen in one production of Miss Saigon (also produced by Toho) as well as a Japanese adaptation of Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters in the role of Irina.

She also appeared in Vamps' 2009 music video for their cover of Shampoo's "Trouble".

Discography
Solo

 "Dream" (April 18, 1998)
  – 2nd opening theme song to the Cardcaptor Sakura anime
  – ending theme song to the Glass no Kantai anime
  – ending theme song to the Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal: The Movie Part 2 anime

With Sakurakko Club Sakura-gumi

With Momo
 Just Combination (1993)
 Summer Candle -Momo in New Caledonia (VHS, 1993)
 Pocket Bell Night wa 5643# (1994)

With SeraMyu
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": An Alternate Legend: The Dark Kingdom Revival Story
 Memorial Album of the Musical 2 "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon S": Usagi — The Path to Become the Soldier of Love
 Memorial Album of the Musical 3 "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon SuperS": Dream Warriors — Love — Into Eternity...
 Memorial Album of the Musical 4 "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Sailor Stars"
 Memorial Album of the Musical 5 "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon" Eternal Legend
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": ~ Best Sound Track ~
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": Theme Songs 1993~1999
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": Best Songs Collection —Best Songs Chosen by Fans—
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": Love Ballad Edition
 Memorial Album of the Musical "Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon": Dark Side Edition: Best Songs

With Head Phones President
See Head Phones President discography

With Vitamin-Q
 Vitamin-Q Featuring Anza (December 12, 2008)

Other
 "Mienai Chizu" - song insert at episode 68 of Cardcaptor Sakura
 "Ai wo Shizumeteru" - the ending theme song of the PlayStation game Psychic Force 2, 1999
  - Dragon Guardian, at album The Best of Dragon Guardian Saga"

 Musicals
Anza performed as Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon in the following musicals:
 1993 - Summer Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon - Gaiden Dark Kingdom Fukkatsu Hen
 1994 - Winter Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon - Gaiden Dark Kingdom Fukkatsu Hen-(Kaiteiban)
 1994 - Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon - Super Spring Festival
 1994 - Summer Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon S - Usagi: Ai no Senshi e no Michi
 1995 - Winter Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon S - Henshin – Super Senshi e no Michi-
 1995 - Spring Spring Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon S - Henshin - Super Senshi e no Michi (Kaiteiban)
 1995 - Summer Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon SuperS - Yume Senshi - Ai - Eien ni...
 1996 - Spring Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon SuperS - (Kaiteiban) Yume Senshi - Ai - Eien ni... Saturn Fukkatsu Hen
 1996 - Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon SuperS - Special Musical Show
 1996 - Summer Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon - Sailor Stars
 1997 - Winter Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon - Sailor Stars (Kaiteiban)
 1997 - Summer Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi - Eien Densetsu
 1998 - Winter Special Musical Bishoujo Senshi - Eien Densetsu (Kaiteiban) - The Final First Stage

As herself/guest
 1998 - Golden Week Fan Kansha Event 1999 - Boys Be ... Alive 2000 - 500kai Kouen Kinen - 500th Performance Special~ 2002 Spring 10th Anniversary Festival
 Dai 2 Bu - Memorial Talk & Live Show
 777kai Kouen Kinen - 777th Performance of Sera Myu

Other musicals
 1997–1998 - Chiruchiru in 2050 no Aoi Tori 2000 - Rowena Morgan in Mr. Holland's Opus 2002 - Emily Diner in When Harry Met Sally... 2003–2006 - Eponine in Les Misérables.
 2004 - Ellen in Miss Saigon.
 2004 - Irina Sergeyevna Prozorova in Three Sisters.
 2006, 2009, 2013 - Ayaka in Gift.
 2007 - Sint-Margherita in Ai, Toki wo Koete Sekigahara Ibun 2008 - Julia in Rag and Jewelry.
 2008 - Homma Ayako in Only You Really Musical.
 2008 - Tsukino Yayoi in Ninshin Sasete 2008 - Julia (Sawamoto Yuriko) in Boro to Houseki 2008 - Honma Ayako in Kiss Yori mo Setsunaku 2009 - Madeleine in The Umbrellas of Cherbourg 2009 - Amneris in Aida 2016 - Hikaru in STAND IN THE WORLD - THE ROCK MUSICAL SHOW Filmography
 [1992] Susume! Chikyū bōei shōjo-tai (Earth Defense Corps Girl! Promoted)  - herself
 [1992] Chuugakusei Nikki (Junior High School Diary) - herself
 [1998] Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner - Kamiya Tōichirō
 [2009] Trouble - music video for Vamps

 Photobooks
 Anza Complete'' (1997)

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Nagasaki Prefecture
Anime musicians
English-language singers from Japan
Former Stardust Promotion artists
Japanese child actresses
Japanese child singers
Japanese women heavy metal singers
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese women rock singers
Japanese idols
Japanese stage actresses
Singers from Nagasaki Prefecture
Nu metal singers
South African emigrants to Japan
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
20th-century Japanese women singers
20th-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers
Actresses from Cape Town

Anza (singer)


The 1943 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 11th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 13, 1943, at Shibe Park in Philadelphia, the home of the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 5–3.

This was the first major league All-Star Game scheduled as a night game.

Athletics in the game
The lone representative of the host team was Dick Siebert, starting first baseman for the AL, who was hitless in one at bat.

Starting lineups
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

National League
 Stan Hack, 3b
 Billy Herman, 2b
 Stan Musial, lf
 Bill Nicholson, rf
 Elbie Fletcher, 1b – starting in place of Frank McCormick, due to injury
 Walker Cooper, c
 Harry Walker, cf
 Marty Marion, ss
 Mort Cooper, p

American League
 George Case, rf
 Ken Keltner, 3b
 Dick Wakefield, lf
 Vern Stephens, ss
 Dick Siebert, 1b
 Chet Laabs, cf
 Jake Early, c
 Bobby Doerr, 2b
 Dutch Leonard, p

Umpires

The umpires changed assignments in the middle of the fifth inning – Rommel and Dunn swapped positions, also Conlan and Rue swapped positions.

Synopsis

The NL started the game with two singles, then scored one run on a sacrifice fly by Stan Musial.  The AL jumped ahead 3–1 in the bottom of the 2nd, on a pair of walks followed by a home run from Bobby Doerr. The AL added a run in the 3rd, on back-to-back doubles by Ken Keltner and Dick Wakefield, and another run in the bottom of the 5th, on an error by NL second baseman Billy Herman with runners on first and third with two outs; the AL was up 5–1.  The NL later got two runs back from Vince DiMaggio; in the 7th he hit a triple and then scored on a sacrifice fly by Dixie Walker, and in the 9th he led off the inning with a home run.  But the NL was unable to rally further, resulting in an AL 5–3 victory.

References

External links
Baseball Almanac
Baseball-Reference.com

All-Star Game
1943
1943
Major League
July 1943 sports events
1940s in Philadelphia


The Scottish Community Drama Association (SCDA) is an association of amateur dramatic clubs throughout Scotland. It was first founded in 1926. Amateur theatre companies in Scotland have generally presented repertoire in English, Lowland Scots and, more occasionally, Scottish Gaelic.

The SCDA was founded during the period of the Scottish Renaissance, a time of increasing calls to revive many of the cultural and political institutions in Scotland which were perceived as moribund at this period, including native theatre. Serious professional theatre in Scotland had more or less lapsed by the 1880s and the first twentieth century attempt to revive it faltered with the demise of Alfred Wareing's short-lived Glasgow Repertory Theatre (founded in 1909) which closed down on the outbreak of World War I. Its remaining funds were used in the early 1920s to found the amateur Scottish National Players with the goal to promote native theatre. During the interwar years all such initiatives had their origins in the amateur theatre movement, in particular Glasgow's Curtain Theatre (1932–39) founded by Grace Ballantyne, Scottish People's Theatre and Glasgow Unity.

No teaching institutions offered formal provision for training in Scottish styles of performance or diction until the establishment of the Glasgow College of Dramatic Art in 1950 (as part of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music). as a consequence, most of Scotland's ground-breaking mid-twentieth century native actors, such as Duncan Macrae, Roddy McMillan or Molly Urquhart, first developed their skills and methods through performance with the more innovative non-professional companies listed above. Similarly, native playwrights who wished to present authentic representations of Scottish life on the stage, such as Joe Corrie, Robert McLellan, John Brandane, Ena Lamont Stewart and others, first came to attention generally through amateur productions of their plays.

Lowland Scots playwrights in particular were well served by non-professional theatre at a time when voicing for professional actors in Britain was dictated by received pronunciation. Miscasting in professional productions of McLellan's Scots plays was a regular complaint for the playwright, often in contrast to amateur productions of his Scots in which actors without formal training gave sympathetic and authentic delivery of the language.

After James Bridie's establishment of the Citizens Theatre in 1942, Scotland finally began to develop a native professional theatre.

After the introduction of television during the 1950s, the number of amateur companies in Scotland, in common with the situation elsewhere, began to decline from its peak in the 1940s, but it still remains a vigorous part of Scottish cultural life.

The SCDA has maintained a successful annual one-act drama festival since its inception, with one interregnum of five years (1940–45) during the Second World War.

Sources

Barlow, Priscilla Wise Enough to Play the Fool (Edinburgh, 1995)
Campbell, Donald  Playing for Scotland: A History of the Scottish Stage, 1715-1965, (Edinburgh, 1996)
Finlay, Bill A History of Scottish Theatre (Edinburgh, 1998)
Hutchison, David The Modern Scottish Theatre, (Glasgow, 1977)

External links
 Scottish Community Drama Association History official website
 Scottish National Players Scottish Theatre Archive
 Curtain Theatre Glasgow University Library Archive Hub
 Molly Urquhart IMDb
 John Brandane Scottish Theatre Archive

Theatre in Scotland
History of theatre
Scottish Renaissance
1926 establishments in Scotland
Scots-language mass media
Arts organizations established in 1926

Scottish Community Drama Association


Colorcoat' is a [brand[]] owned by steel company Tata Steel Europe, and is the name given to its pre-finished steel products which are commonly used for the building envelope.

The Colorcoat product range consists of Colorcoat Prisma, and its flagship product, Colorcoat HPS200 Ultra.

Recent efforts have been made in the UK and the Netherlands to revitalise the Colorcoat brand, which has been in existence for over 40 years, as the brand name was almost used as a generic term for pre-finished steel on the building envelope within the European construction industry .

Current Research in Shotton, Wales is aimed at making Dye-sensitized solar cell Colorcoat Roofs.

External links
 www.colorcoat-online.com - information on Colorcoat Products, building envelope construction, Part L Building regulations, site practice and sustainability.

British brands

Colorcoat


The Rivers State Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a government ministry of Rivers State, Nigeria entrusted with the formulation and implementation of policies to promote culture and tourism with a view to stimulating economic growth in the state. The ministry's mandate is to "Put in place programmes and events that attract international, national and local tourists."

Vision
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism states that its vision (and mission) is:

To promote the diverse cultural heritage of Rivers' people and to identify and develop the tourism potentials of the State as a means of  job creation, wealth generation as well inculcating pride and dignity in our local art work and cultural values. This is to establish and brand Rivers State a choiced destination for cultural tourism beside oil and gas.

Objectives
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has the following objectives:

To draw immediate attention to tourism development in Rivers State.
To provide leisure and recreational faculties in the local government areas of the state.
To reawaken interest and active participation of all stakeholders in the development of Rivers State culture towards economic well-being of the people.
To identify the cultural diversity and heritage of the state for proper management and utilization.
To regulate, categorize, standardize and control hotels, restaurants, fast foods, travel agencies, four operators and other tourism related enterprises.
To provide enabling environment for the development of traditional small scale/cottage enterprises for domestic and export promotion.

See also
List of government ministries of Rivers State
Rivers State Tourism Development Agency

References

Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Culture in Rivers State
Culture ministries
Tourism ministries
Rivers State
Rivers State


Diamond Dogs, Turquoise Days is a 2003 compilation of two science fiction novellas by writer Alastair Reynolds. Both are set in the Revelation Space universe, but are almost entirely unconnected with the plots of any of the novels in the same story arc.

Diamond Dogs

Set around the late 25th century, Diamond Dogs is a new treatment of the classic SF plot of the deadly maze. While visiting the Monument to the Eighty in Chasm City, Richard meets his old friend Roland Childe, who has been presumed dead for over a century and a half. Childe takes Richard back to his home, and reveals that he is assembling a team to tackle a curious artificial – alien – structure found by probes sent out secretly by his family ages ago.

The team consisted of Richard, Celestine (Richard's ex-wife who underwent Pattern Juggler neural transforms that left her with a brilliant capacity at mathematics, and who divorced Richard around 2490), Hirz (sometime hacker, sometime infiltrator, who has herself frozen between missions), Dr Trintignant (expert doctor and cyberneticist, infamous for conducting horrific medical experiments on allegedly unconsenting subjects), Forqueray (an Ultranaut, captain of the lighthugger Apollyon) and, of course, Childe himself.

From Chasm City, they travel to the alien artifact, which they promptly name "Blood Spire". Remains of the previous human explorers to visit the place lie around – supposedly they belonged to another Ultranaut crew led by a captain called Argyle, whom Childe's probe interrogated during his dying moments to gather information about the Spire.

The Spire is a series of rooms, each containing a mathematical puzzle. The doors get smaller as the rooms progress, and the rooms proceed in a spiral up the tower, which is about 250 meters high. The tower floats off the surface of the planet without any detectable force or support holding it up. The puzzles cover most of mathematics, with various questions tackling triangular numbers, rotations of four-dimensional figures and their corresponding shadows, and arcane aspects of prime number theory. It is not known what the Spire guards, or why there should be so many puzzles.

Disturbingly, the Spire also seems to be alive. Initially cold and silent, it "wakes up" and starts to warm up and vibrate once Childe's crew enters the structure. It also inflicts painful and often gruesome punishments for getting wrong answers or going over some unspecified time limit (which becomes shorter with each puzzle). Forqueray and Hirz are killed by these punishments. Celestine abandons the quest.

To deal with the Spire's puzzles, the team submit to more and more cybernetic and artificial aids by Trintignant's hand, which eventually culminate with Childe and Richard resembling nothing so much as diamond dogs, with artificially-accelerated consciousness and an advanced grasp of mathematics.

While tackling the Spire, Celestine barges in and tries to persuade Richard to abandon the quest. Apparently, Childe knew more about the Spire than he should, and medical investigation of the corpses revealed all of them came from the same individual – because they had the same DNA. It is revealed that the bodies were actually clones of Childe, who had already visited the place before, and what he did was to go in, get to where he thought he could not go on much further, and then have his memories trawled and implanted into a clone, before returning to continue solving the puzzles, and die of failure. Counting the original, the Childe then in the Spire with Richard and Celestine was the nineteenth in the series.

Finally, Richard abandons the quest only to find that Dr Trintignant, confronted with the possibility of restoring Richard to his human form and thus undoing his magnum opus, decided to commit suicide by disassembly. There was surprisingly little organic matter left among his remains, which were all sorted and placed neatly in jars and the like. Richard and Celestine end up going back to post-plague Yellowstone – when they left they could not find any new remains of Childe, who was thus presumably still inside the Spire – and Richard is left without any hope of becoming human again, since the Melding Plague wiped out most of the required technology.

In the end, Richard, faced with the sheer temptation and curiosity of the Spire, secretly slips away and hires the lighthugger Poseidon to take him "somewhere".

Turquoise Days

This story is set in the year 2541 on the planet Turquoise, a Pattern Juggler world which is also the site of a human colony. It has been settled by humans for a considerable period of time, but is far behind the rest of humanity. The protagonist, Naqi loses her sister at the start of the story when she swims with the Pattern Jugglers and is absorbed by them. Later on, a lighthugger the Voice of Evening, visits the planet. The first lighthugger to do so in a long time. They're welcomed by the local government, and among the people on the lighthugger are a crew of scientists intending to study the Pattern Jugglers.

Naqi gets suspicious when the "scientists" demand access to the massive Juggler research station named the Moat. When one of the foreigners' party, who was already under suspicion, sneaks onto a boat and begins to poison the Pattern Juggler nodes, previously thought to be toxin-resistant, Naqi immediately tries to follow him, but is unable to catch up in her rotting emergency boat. When she returns to the main Moat structure and finds that all of the research crew has been murdered by the spacefarers, she quickly escapes the moat with a high-speed boat docked on the outside wall, and resumes her pursuit of the runaway spacefarer, who is also being hunted down by the others of his party.

When Naqi finally catches up with him, he reveals that the "scientists" were in fact members of a lunatic organization whose dead leader had stored his thought patterns with the Jugglers on Turquoise, and that they intended to incorporate him into all of the many-thousand strong army of followers that were waiting in orbit on the Voice of Evening. He then tells her that he was the only resistance agent able to infiltrate the Voice of Evening and that he planned to spread the rare Juggler toxin into the sea, thus destroying all of the patterns stored within the Jugglers' memory. The agent says no one knows where the toxin originated, though he mentions several rumours, one of which indicates that it had been found in the top of the Blood Spire from "Diamond Dogs".

Knowing that the release of the toxin would destroy all the other minds stored in the juggler sea as well, including her sister, Naqi refuses to allow him to destroy  the Jugglers, and instead warns the Jugglers, as well as her sister, by swimming in the sea. Naqi kills the agent when he manages to release the toxin anyway.

However, it transpires that the Jugglers had developed a resistance to the toxin after the first vial that had been slipped into a contained portion of the Moat, and the overall collective is unharmed. However, the Juggler life-forms around the planet begin to attack and destroy all human settlements, effectively eradicating the threat as well as the human presence on Turquoise. In the end, Naqi takes a final swim in the ocean, and joins her sister in the Juggler collective.

References to music and literature
Diamond Dogs (1974) is an album by David Bowie. "Turquoise Days" is a song on the album Heaven Up Here (1981) by Echo and the Bunnymen.

The character Roland Childe and his obsession with the spire are references to Robert Browning's poem "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came". During their hibernated sleep on the way to the planet, the characters in Diamond Dogs share dreams which reference the novel Rogue Moon by Algis Budrys, and the films Cube and Raiders of the Lost Ark. The clone of Roland that stars in the story is the 19th clone. 19 is a reoccurring motif in The Dark Tower Series by Stephen King, which also draws deeply from Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came.

Other media
In early 2017, The House Theatre of Chicago put on a full-length stage production of Diamond Dogs. Alastair Reynolds traveled to Chicago to have a discussion with fans before the February 25th, 2017 show. He discussed such topics as the Diamond Dogs novella, science fiction, and astrophysics.

See also
Revelation Space universe

References

2003 novels
Revelation Space
British novellas
2003 science fiction novels

Diamond Dogs, Turquoise Days


An emergency is a situation in which a risk to health, life, property or environment is about to happen. Most emergencies need quick attention to prevent it from becoming worse. Even though some emergencies are easy to see, like a natural disaster, many smaller incidents need the opinion of someone who is watching in order to decide whether it is really an emergency. The exact definition of an emergency, the agencies involved and the rules followed, depend on the jurisdiction, and this is usually set by the government, whose agencies (emergency services) are responsible for emergency planning and handling.

Related pages
 Civil defence
 Crisis
 Emergency department
 Emergency medicine
 Emergency communication system
 State of emergency
 9-1-1

References

Safety

Emergency


Amalia Celia Figueredo (also known as Amalia Celia Figueredo de Pietra), (18 February 1895 – 8 October 1985) was an Argentine aviator. She was the first woman in Argentina, and possibly in Latin America, to obtain a pilot's license.

Biography
Figueredo made her first flight at Villa Lugano aerodrome in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1914, with the Frenchman Paul Castaibert. Castaibert was an aircraft builder as well as an aviator, and taught Figueredo to fly in one of his 25-horsepower Castaibert-Anzani monoplanes. However, as the monoplane had only a single cockpit, Figueredo had to be instructed on land. She subsequently moved to Marcel Paillete's flying school in San Fernando, where she flew in 50-horsepower Farman-Gnome biplanes with an instructor in the air with her. Figueredo attempted her pilot license test in September that year, but suffered an accident and re-took the test in October, passing with distinction.

Figueredo became skilled in aerobatics, and performed at the old National Race course, the Sportiva Argentina in Palermo and the airfield at Villa Lugano. In June 1915, she organised a flight from Buenos Aires to her hometown of Rosario, where she carried out several demonstration flights in a Farman aircraft.

Figueredo retired from aviation soon after, when she married Alexander Carlos Pietra.

Recognition
On October 1, 1964, the fiftieth anniversary of her obtaining her license, the Ministry of Aeronautics awarded Figueredo the honorary designation of Military pilot. In September 1968 her achievements were recognised by Uruguay, and in November 1968 Brazil decorated her with the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Merit. On January 21, 1970, she was given the title of Precursora de la Aeronáutica Argentina. In September 1971 she was recognised as a pioneer aviator by France.

References

1895 births
1985 deaths
People from Rosario, Santa Fe
Aerobatic pilots
Argentine women aviators

Amalia Celia Figueredo


Chandralekha is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film, directed by Nambirajan. Starring Vijay and Vanitha Vijayakumar in her debut, the film revolves around an orthodox Brahmin girl falls in love with a Muslim boy, Rahim, but their families do not accept it. Meanwhile, the lovers try to elope and are caught by militants in the forest.

Chandralekha was released on 23 October 1995 during Diwali, and performed mediocre at the box office, even though the film songs were a hit.

Plot
Chandralekha, an orthodox Brahmin girl, had led a sheltered life within the confines of her community. Rahim, on the other hand, was a free-spirited and Muslim boy. Their paths crossed one fateful day when they both happened to visit a local bookstore, drawn to the power of literature. They struck up a conversation, sharing their thoughts and dreams, and a deep connection began to form between them.

Unbeknownst to Chandralekha and Rahim, Salima, a childhood friend of Rahim, had harbored strong feelings for him since they were young. Salima had always envisioned a future with Rahim and was devastated to discover his growing affection for Chandralekha. Consumed by jealousy and unable to accept his choice, she confided in her older brother, Jamal, seeking his help to secure Rahim's love for herself.

Meanwhile, Mustafa, Rahim's elder brother, and Jamal devised a plan to engage Salima and Rahim without Rahim's consent. Believing that Rahim would eventually come around and accept the arrangement, they thought it was the best way to preserve family honor and keep the social fabric intact. They failed to realize the depth of Rahim and Chandralekha's love for each other.

As their families discovered the blossoming relationship between Rahim and Chandralekha, they vehemently opposed it. Bound by the traditions and religious beliefs of their respective communities, they refused to accept a union that crossed the societal boundaries. Faced with strong resistance and familial pressure, Rahim and Chandralekha decided to escape the clutches of their families and seek a life of freedom and love.

Their plan to elope took them deep into the forests, hoping to find solace and refuge in the wilderness. However, their dreams of a peaceful existence were shattered when they encountered a group of militants operating in the area. The militants captured them, intending to use their predicament as leverage against their families.

Back in the village, Salima's heartbreak over Rahim's choice drove her to the brink of madness. The pain of losing the man she had loved all her life, coupled with the betrayal she felt from her brother's involvement in the scheme, pushed her fragile mind to the edge of sanity.

In a dramatic turn of events, the police were tipped off about the militants' presence in the forest. They launched a rescue operation to save Rahim and Chandralekha from their captors, ensuring their safe return to the village. The encounter with danger and the subsequent rescue left Rahim and Chandralekha with a renewed appreciation for life and the strength of their bond.

During this time, Mustafa underwent a profound transformation. Witnessing the lengths to which Rahim and Chandralekha had gone for their love, he realized the injustice and heartache that had been inflicted upon them. With a change of heart, he approached both families, urging them to accept the union and put an end to the cycle of pain and suffering.

However, Jamal's anguish over his sister's deteriorating mental state proved too much for him to bear. Overwhelmed by his despair, he sought retribution for what he saw as the cause of Salima's suffering. In a fit of rage and madness, Jamal confronted Rahim and Chandralekha at the railway station, where they had sought refuge, and tragically ended their lives.

Witnessing this horrific act, the policemen who were present immediately reacted and shot Jamal, putting an end to the violence. The village was left in shock and grief, unable to comprehend the series of tragic events that had unfolded before them.

In the final moments of her life, Chandralekha made a heartfelt wish that her and Rahim's bodies be buried together a testament to their eternal love and the bond they shared. The villagers, moved by the intensity of their love story, granted her final request, laying them to rest side by side, forever united in death.

The tragedy that unfolded within the village left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of its inhabitants. It served as a stark reminder of the consequences of intolerance, the power of love, and the importance of understanding and acceptance across cultural and religious divides. The memory of Chandralekha and Rahim's love story would forever be etched in the village's collective consciousness, inspiring future generations to strive for a more inclusive and compassionate world.

Cast

Production
The film was shot in Delhi, Agra, Kulu Manali and Talakonam.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

Reception
Thulasi of Kalki wrote that the director seems to have thought he's dealing with a huge thing. The story is about love beyond religion. In this one thing, the man has felt too happy but left all the other things together with the fort, the wall and the trench.

References

External links

1990s Tamil-language films
1995 films
1995 romantic drama films
Films directed by Nambirajan
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Indian interfaith romance films
Indian romantic drama films

Chandralekha (1995 film)