"Midnight Towboy" is the third episode of the nineteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 7, 2007, and in the United Kingdom on November 11, 2007. This is the first Simpsons episode to premiere in October since season eleven's "Treehouse of Horror X", which aired on October 31, 1999.

When Homer's car is towed, he meets Louie, a tow truck driver who introduces Homer to the joy of towing cars for a living. Homer soon goes too far, prompting Springfieldians to plot their revenge. Meanwhile, Marge becomes concerned about Maggie's clinginess and hires a counselor to make her independent. This episode was written by Stephanie Gillis, and directed by Matthew Nastuk. Matt Dillon guest stars as Louie.

During its first airing, the episode gained 7.7 million viewers.

Plot
Marge discovers that Maggie has become excessively clingy while putting her to bed one night. After Maggie's behavior causes a bottle of milk to fall and break on the kitchen floor, Bart and Lisa help Marge get in touch with Creative Responses for Infant Edu-Loving (CRIE, pronounced as the word "cry"), a group that helps children to be more independent. A CRIE counselor arrives to work with Maggie, ordering Marge to leave her alone in a room. Marge is unnerved by Maggie's crying at first, but Maggie quickly calms down as Marge watches in surprise. Maggie is soon able to climb up into her own high chair and get a book and banana for herself, and Marge is saddened to realize that she is no longer needed.

Meanwhile, Homer drives all over Springfield in search of more milk, to no avail. He finally buys some in the sleazy neighboring city of Guidopolis, which is populated by Italian-American stereotypes, but finds his car being towed away by a man named Louie. Seeing Homer's fascination with towing, Louie unhooks the car and introduces him to the business, but warns him not to work in Guidopolis as it is Louie's territory. Homer begins to tow one car after another in Springfield, angering the residents and prompting them to plan revenge.

The residents plant a car just inside Guidopolis, set it up to appear as if it is parked illegally, and hide the city-limits sign to fool Homer into thinking that it is within Springfield. When he tows the car, they reveal the sign; furious at this trespassing, Louie abducts Homer and locks him in his basement with other tow truck drivers who have run afoul of him.

With Homer gone, the parking situation in Springfield degenerates into pandemonium. After four days, Maggie rides Santa's Little Helper into Guidopolis and frees the drivers by using the hook on Louie's tow truck to rip out the bars on his basement window. Homer returns home with Maggie and the dog, and Marge and Maggie happily reconcile.

Cultural references

The episode title is a reference to Midnight Cowboy. Louie's trapdoor is activated by a bust of Jon Bon Jovi, à la the 1960s Batman TV show. Homer, Bart, Lisa, Ralph, and Milhouse parody a scene from Animal House, and sing "Shout" in togas. "Mr. T is The Lion King" is seen on a billboard while Homer drives to Guidopolis. Maggie owns a stuffed animal, Justin Timberwolf, a reference to Justin Timberlake. The message in Maggie's blocks is a reference to Homer's "message" in "My Mother the Carjacker."

Homer enthrals the kidnapped drivers by describing the plots of the summer 2007 releases Transformers and Shrek The Third. The kidnapped drivers sing "Under the Boardwalk" by the Drifters. "On the Dark Side" from the movie Eddie and the Cruisers is heard when Homer is driving through Guidopolis. "Cochise" by Audioslave is briefly heard on the radio while Homer is riding with Louie. When Maggie leaves the house through the doggy door on Santa's Little Helper's Back and rides around on him, this is a reference to Toy Story 2.

In one scene, Bart cuts several swear words out of the Bible, stating that since they are in the Bible, he and Milhouse can use them. When Milhouse states that he does not think "Leviticus" is a swear word, Bart replies, "Shut the hell up, you damn-ass-whore!" When Apu mentions that milk, Mentos and lottery ticket scrapings are being used as jet fuel it is an allusion to the Diet Coke and Mentos eruption. Louie is dressed similarly to Steve Randle (played by Tom Cruise) from the movie The Outsiders, which starred Matt Dillon.

Reception
The episode had 7.8 million viewers.

Robert Canning of IGN gave the episode 7.4/10, better than each of the previous two episodes, calling it a "solid, funny episode". He felt that the "odd scene involving the Duff blimp, the Sea Captain's pirate ship and a train engine driving through the streets was simply too ridiculous not to be funny."

Richard Keller of TV Squad called it a "decent, strong episode" that had many laughs and enjoyed the episode's subplot with Marge and Maggie and enjoyed the scene where Marge struggled with the computer.

References

External links

"Midnight Towboy" at The Simpsons.com

The Simpsons (season 19) episodes
2007 American television episodes

Midnight Towboy


The Brno Reservoir, previously known as the Kníničky Reservoir (, also known as Prýgl in Hantec slang) is a reservoir on the Svratka River at the northwest edge of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. The construction of a dam on the 56th kilometre of the Svratka River, and the resultant flooding of the river valley containing the village of Kníničky, created the reservoir. The reservoir used to serve as a water reserve for Brno (water from the Vír Reservoir and from wells in Březová nad Svitavou are used today). It remains a place for recreation, and also a source of electric power. The administrator of the Brno Reservoir is the state-owned enterprise Povodí Moravy, s.p.

Basic Information

Creating a dam on the Svratka River was first proposed at the beginning of the 20th century; however, the idea was not realized until 1936–1940. The main investor was the then Ministry of Public Works. Apart from the city of Brno, Země Moravskoslezská (the former province-level government) took a financial interest of 25% in its construction.

The swell of the reservoir begins under the weir at the Tejkalův Mill in Veverská Bítýška and spans nearly 10 km to the dam on the border of the Brno-Bystrc and Brno-Kníničky districts. The flooded area covers 259 ha. The inactive storage reaches up to 7.6 million m³; the reserve space is 10.8 million m³. The concrete dam is 7.14 m wide at its crown and 120 m long. It rises 23.5 m above the river bottom at an altitude of 233.72 m.

The hydroelectric plant uses one Kaplan turbine with an output of 2.88 MW (the installed output is 3.1 MW). In case of an island operation (in other words, if the plant is disconnected from the network system, such as in the case of a breakdown of the electric power transmission), the turbine can be used to set a gas combustion turbine in the heating plant "Červený mlýn" in motion. A small hydro in Brno-Komín serves as a buffer tank.

At the end of the Second World War the retreating German Army placed mines in the nearby roads, placed a barrel with trinitrotoluene on the dam (the explosives were originally supposed to be placed into the dam piping, but it was sealed with concrete due to an order to protect it from sabotage), and stationed some machine guns in the house of the dam guard Šikula. Šikula, together with a few people hidden in the power plant room, warned a convoy of the Red Army about the German plans and prevented the dam from being destroyed. Šikula was shot and wounded. There is a plaque in his honor at the dam today.

Tourism

Brno Reservoir is a popular recreational area with both locals and visitors. There are vast forests on both sides of the reservoir and thus there are opportunities not only for swimming and water sports, but also hiking and cycling. The Veveří Castle, overlooking the water close to Veverská Bítýška, is a popular destination for tourists. There is a bridge for cyclists and hikers over the reservoir close to the castle.

The reservoir can be visited all year round. Swimming in the water is safe. Cyanobacteria very rarely occur on the more popular southern end of the reservoir.

Culture

An important international firework competition, Ignis Brunensis, is held annually at the end of May and beginning of June at the reservoir.

Pollution
As a result of water pollution by communal sewage, the reservoir suffered from an extensive amount of cyanobacteria for a long time. In 2010 the reservoir underwent a series of chemical cleanings designed to eliminate the bacteria. These cleanings remain a subject of criticism and dispute, as some people claim they were nothing more than a pre-election trick, and that they will not bring sufficient long-term results. Since 2011, however, the water in the reservoir has been suitable for swimming.

In 2018 the water quality in the reservoir dropped again, and in July it was declared unsuitable for swimming. Part of the cause was extremely dry and hot weather and delayed application of chemical substances against bacteria.

Boat rides
The Brno Public Transportation Office operates boat rides on the reservoir during the summer season. The boats run from Bystrc harbour ("Přístaviště") to Veveří Castle, and sometimes continue to Veverská Bítýška (depending on the water level). The newest boats are named Dallas, Lipsko, Stuttgart, Utrecht and Vídeň (after Dallas, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Utrecht and Vienna, Brno's twin cities); and the older ones are called Brno and Morava. The boats run every 45 minutes. Tickets can be purchased at the harbour at the ticket office.

Sport
The reservoir serves as a popular place for sports. Apart from canoeing, water skiing, and yachting, the reservoir is also used for rowing. Several rowing clubs operate there, such as ČVK Brno (Czech Rowing Club Brno) or TJ Lodní sporty Brno (TJ Water Sports Brno). The most famous member of the latter is Miroslava Knapková, the winner in rowing at the 2012 Olympics.

Events
Since 2011 there have been disputes over the planned construction of a wakeboarding track.

References

External links

 Prygl.net - Brno Dam and its surroundings - tourist information, current events, photographs
 http://www.facebook.com/brnenskaprehrada Official Facebook website of the Brno reservoir, with current water quality information
 http://www.pmo.cz/cz/uzitecne/vodni-dila/brno/ – information about the Brno reservoir on the official website of Povodí Moravy

Hydroelectric power stations in the Czech Republic
Sport in Brno
Reservoirs in the Czech Republic

Brno Reservoir


When children develop into adults, their body will change. So will the way they see their body, and the way their perceive their sexuality. Child sexuality is also influenced by cultural and social values, and by education. Classical psychoanalysis looks at child sexuality, and develops models how it changes over time.

Psychology
Human sexuality

Child sexuality


Omar Blondin Diop was a revolutionary and artist from Senegal. Born in Niger, he moved between several countries because of his activism. After going to France for university, he joined the Marxist movement in Paris and acted in movies, including two by Jean-Luc Godard. France deported him back to Senegal in 1969 because of his politics.

Diop kept doing activism back in Senegal. He, his brothers, and his friends wanted to have a revolution there, because they felt Leopold Senghor's government helped the French more than it helped Senegalese people and it was neocolonial. Diop started doing theatre in public to promote revolutionary ideas. They got ready to start a guerrilla war against Senegal's government, but they were arrested and sent to prison on an island called Gorée. Diop died in prison in 1973. Many people who knew him, including his family, think he was secretly killed by the government.

Sources

Communists
1946 births
1973 deaths
Artists
Senegalese people

Omar Blondin Diop


The Rise of Sivagami is an Indian historical fiction novel written by Anand Neelakantan. It acts as a prequel to the film Baahubali: The Beginning. It was originally released in English on 7 March 2017, with Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Tamil versions released in April 2017.

The story revolves around Sivagami, a character of Baahubali. The novel is intended to extrapolate the Baahubali films. It also tells the readers more about Kattappa, another important character of the story.

Plot

Sivagami hates the royal family of Mahishmati because their king, Somadeva, executed her father, Devaraya. She was informed that her father had left behind a book which held certain secrets, upon which she retrieved it from her father's house accompanied by her foster brother Raghava, who reveals that the book is written in Paisachi, an ancient language of Mahishmati. He proclaims his love for her, but Sivagami rejects his advances. He promises to find an empire more powerful than Mahishmati to help overthrow it. Her foster father, Thimma, who raised her for 12 years after Devaraya's death, drops her off at the royal orphanage for a grave reason. On the way, Sivagami attempts to run away, but is followed by her foster sister Akhila who gets into a scuffle with a man for her pouch of pebbles. Thimma later kills the man.

Kattappa and Shivappa are the sons of Malayappa, an experienced slave to the royal family. On a hunting party they go with the sons of Somadeva - Bijjaladeva and Mahadeva. Bijjaladeva, being the eldest, shows bravery but is corrupt, rude, brutal and heartless towards people who worked in Mahishmati. Mahadeva is sincere but weak at heart. Bijjala hits Kattappa, Shivappa in turn hurts Bijjala. His father punishes him, but Bijjala comments that the punishment given was not enough and pursues Shivappa, who leads him into a trap. Kattappa saves him and is promoted by Somadeva to the position of the Sevaka (English: servant) of Bijjala.

Parameshwara, the Mahapradhana (English: prime minister), is informed by the head blacksmith Dhamaka that they were short of Gaurikanta, a special stone derived from the volcano Gauriparvat, which is used to obtain the alloy Gauridhooli. When mixed with metal weapons, it makes the wielder invincible. A young blacksmith complaints about a leak to Parameshwara. Later, Parameshwara secretly tells his assistant Roopaka that the leak should be fixed for security, and that a blacksmith was missing, along with six Gaurikanta stones.

Pattaraya, the Bhoomipathi (English: executioner), a corrupt official, receives a message from Rudra Bhatta, the Rajguru (English: royal advisor), that the blacksmith Nagayya, who stole the stones and went missing was making a lot of demands, including safe passage to Kadarimandalam with his wife and son. Nagayya says that he will not start working on the stones until his family is with him. Pratapa, the Dandanayaka (police chief) kicked him and takes the stones from him. Nagayya retaliates using his hammer, takes the stones and runs away. In the hustle that followed, a stone fell to the ground which was retrieved by Pattaraya, who hides it. Pratapa orders his men to search for Nagayya.

Parameshwara reports to the king that the blacksmith was found dead with another man and the stones were still missing. He doubts whether Thimma will be up to task due to his closeness with Devaraya. Parameshwara says that he was admitting the daughter of Devaraya into the royal orphanage and demanded an audience with the king. Thimma requests that Sivagami stay in the royal orphanage until she is eighteen, which is a few months away. The king agrees, although he comments that they are harbouring a snake. He retires to the Antapura, where Senapati Hiranya informs him that Mahadeva was beaten by Shivappa and his performance was unsatisfactory. Sivagami notices that Mahadeva was really tall, handsome and a gorgeous prince. Mahadeva blushes when he notices Sivagami looking at her. Shivappa is scolded and beaten by Malayappa for defeating Mahadeva and says that slaves should know their place and not challenge princes. Shivappa talks with her lover and later tells Kattappa that he will marry her. He manages to fool Kattappa and run away.

The eunch Keki, the employee of Kalika, teases Kattappa when visiting Bijjala. The two of them move out of the palace, followed by Kattappa, who has to do his duty. Keki leads Bijjala to Brihannala, another eunuch, who gives him the clothes of a merchant to disguise himself. Keki bribes the guards and smuggles Bijjala out of the palace. Brihannala turns into a man Dananjaya in his private chamber. He tells his adopted brother that he will turn into a man only after destroying Mahishmati and tells him that their mother Achi Nagamma did not reveal what she suffered to Nala as he was only adopted.

Parameshwara meets Sivagami, who is impressed by his collection of books. She is surprised that there was never a female Mahapradhana.

Later, the book comes in the hand of Skandadasa, through the head of Royal orphanage Revamma. Skandadasa was the Upapradhana of Mahishmati. He warns Sivagami that the book was gone missing twelve years back from the Royal library. If proof turns up, then it might turn up that Devaraya stole it from the Royal library. Skandadasa even suggested Sivagami run away in turn someone comes to know about it. But, Sivagami was sure that her father never did anything wrong and decided to stay put and work on her mission. She even decides to steal the book from Skandadasa's office.

Katappa enters the forest to find Shivappa. He is found and arrested by the Vaithailis. They take him to Bhutaraya, leader of the Vaithailis. SHivappa is there willingly, as one of the soldiers in Bhutaraya's army. Bhutaraya calls himself as the true king of Mahismati. Mahishmati was once ruled by a tribal group called The Vaithailis. The story was told to Kattappa by the Vaithailis head Bhutaraya who reveals to Kattappa that it was one of his ancestors who deceived them. They provided shelter to Uthama Varma, who stole the secret Uthama Varma chases the Vaithailis into the forest using Gaurikanta and captures the Mahishmati kingdom.

He knew the loose character of his elder brother yet, he never revealed it to his mother Queen Hemavati who called her elder son 'a rogue' and her younger son 'a coward'. Bijjala loathed Mahadeva but, Somadeva always praised Mahadeva and took all types of suggestions regarding royal matters from him even though everyone knew he was weak at heart and even got beaten by a slave Shivappa - the brother of slave Kattappa. Mahadeva helplessly falls in love with Sivagami and proposed her to marry. But, Sivagami laughs at him and even pities him. Mahadeva gets hurt by the response of Sivagami and feels the urge to commit suicide. But, the dreadful fate of Mahishmathi leads him to take an extra step and he fights with Shivappa who was one of the Vaithailis. The Vaithailis attack the royal palace. Mahadeva defends his kingdom and begets the title of Vikramadeva. Sivagami comes across a lots of mishaps on the day of the Mahamukum festival which was held for nine days. She tries to steal the book of her father from the office of Skandadasa who was then Mahapradhana but, end up watching Skandadasa getting killed by then corrupt officials Bhoomipathi Pattaraya, Rajaguru Rudra Bhatta and Dandanayaka Pratapa. This shocks her to the core and she realises that it was not only her father but, all the honest people in Mahishmati get assassinated for some reason or the other. She later gets chased by Dandanayaka Pratapa and ends up reaching the second floor of Antapura - the Royal Harem. There she got the golden chance of killing the King. But, things did not turn out to be as it was thought or planned. Though some of the tricks were played by Brihannala, the eunuch. Brihannala was the head of Royal Harem. She was the one who brought up the bravery of Sivagami in front of King Somadeva's eyes. Somadeva chops off the head of Bhutaraya - the leader of the Vaithailis. On the other hand, Shivappa gets imprisoned by Kattappa himself who hands him over to King Somadeva as a traitor of the country. Sivagami, who arrived at Mahishmati with the intention to kill Somadeva, was praised as she had bravely killed the king's assassin and received the title of Bhoomipathi - the executioner. For unsuspecting Sivagami, the first execution she is to carry out is of her foster father Thimma. It was suspected from the words being shared between Somadeva and Sivagami was that Thimma might have been one of the members of Vaithailis. So, she needs to start her job by executing him. The story ends with a cliffhanger.

Sequel
A Sequel CHATURANGA was announced on 25 July 2020. It is scheduled to be released on 6 August 2020.

Reception
The Rise of Sivagami received generally positive reviews. The Indian Express wrote, "Despite its flaws, the book cobbles together enough good elements by the end for readers and especially for fans of the movie to await the next installment."
The Hindu wrote, "Matching the film, the book too has grand portrayal of the era, places, people, culture and customs it depicts." The book has also been reviewed by The New Indian Express, Firstpost and India TV.

See also
 Baahubali: Before the Beginning
Chaturanga (2020 novel)
Queen of Mahishmathi
Baahubali (franchise)

References

External links

Baahubali (franchise)
Indian English-language novels
Indian historical novels
Novels set in India
Indian novels adapted into television shows
Westland Books books

The Rise of Sivagami


The president of Colombia (), officially known as the president of the Republic of Colombia () or president of the nation (), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The president heads the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Military Forces of Colombia.

The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the first president, Simón Bolívar, took office in 1819. While presidential power has waxed and waned over time, the presidency has played an increasingly important role in Colombian political life since the early 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Álvaro Uribe.

The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was the "Gran Colombia". The first president, General Simón Bolívar, took office in 1819. His position, initially self-proclaimed, was subsequently ratified by Congress.

The president is directly elected through Universal Suffrage for a period of four years, along with the vice president. According to article 125, ratified in 2018, no person who has been elected for a presidential term can be elected for a second. In addition, three vice presidents have become president by virtue of the death or resignation of a president during the term. In total, 34 people have served in 36 presidencies that span 48 four-year terms, with Alfonso López Pumarejo, Álvaro Uribe and Juan Manuel Santos being the only ones with double terms, in the case of López Pumarejo non-consecutive. Gustavo Petro is the 34th and current president of the Republic of Colombia, having assumed office on August 7, 2022.

Executive powers

Commander-in-chief
One of the most important executive powers is the role of the president as Commander-in-Chief of the Colombian Military Forces. The power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, but the president has ultimate responsibility for the direction and disposition of the armed forces. The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the president as commander in chief has been ratified in article 189 of the Constitution, where it is described that the president has the function of directing the public force and disposing of it as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. of the Republic.

Administrative powers
The Executive Branch is responsible for executing, in a coordinated manner, all the administrative activities that are at the service of the general interests of the community for the fulfillment of the essential purposes of the State. It is represented by the President of the Republic, who symbolizes national unity, is the head of state, head of government and supreme administrative authority.

The National Government is formed by the President of the Republic, the ministers of the office and the directors of administrative departments. The President and the corresponding Minister or Director of the Department, in each particular business, constitute the Government.

Judicial powers
The responsibility of judging the president of the republic is found in the Supreme Court of Justice, the main body in the event that the president is taken to Political Trial, within the actions of the Supreme Court there will be 7 of which are, Judge the President of the Republic or whoever acts in his place and the senior officials referred to in article 174, for any punishable act imputed to them, in accordance with article 175 numerals 2 and 3.

Foreign affairs
it requires the president to "receive the ambassadors." This clause, known as the Reception Clause, has been interpreted to imply that the president possesses broad power over matters of foreign policy, and endorses the exclusive authority of the president to grant recognition to a foreign government. The Constitution also empowers the president to appoint Colombian ambassadors and to propose and mainly negotiate agreements between Colombia and other countries. Such agreements, upon receiving the advice of the minister of foreign affairs, become binding with the force of national law.

While foreign affairs have always been an important element of presidential responsibilities, technological advances since the adoption of the Constitution have increased presidential power. Where previously ambassadors were vested with significant power by the president to negotiate independently on Colombia's behalf, presidents now routinely meet directly with leaders of foreign countries.

Leadership roles
As head of state, the president is the visible face of Colombia's domesitc and foreign policy. In his role as leader, one of his aspects is to represent and safeguard the international image of the country, since 1934, the year in which it was officially created, it is the protocol office of the First Lady, she is the one who is in charge of accompanying the president at his receptions. and state visits abroad, gaining more importance over time.

The president of Colombia symbolizes the National Unity, and after taking an oath to the Constitution of Colombia and swearing to defend and protect the nation's laws, he is charged to guarantee and protect the rights and liberties of all Colombian nationals.

The Administrative Department of the Presidency of Colombia has the commission to assist or support the president of Colombia on its constitutional mandated functions and legal issues.

Article 115 states that the National Government is formed by the president of Colombia, the vice president of Colombia, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia and the Directors of the Administrative Departments of Colombia. Any official from these entities constitute the Government of Colombia in any particular business.

Any act by the president of Colombia, in order to be legal and enforceable, must be sanctioned by any of the ministries or department directors, who will also be held responsible for the act. The only exception is if the president appoints or removes ministers, administrative departments' directors and any other officials appointed by him under his administrative authority. Governors of the Departments of Colombia, mayors of Municipalities of Colombia, as well as regional superintendents of Colombia, public establishments and industrial and commercial state owned enterprises, are all part of the executive branch of Colombia.

Selection process

Eligibility
The president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Constitution of Colombia requires the president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. Individuals are eligible to serve an unlimited number of terms as president.

 be a Natural-born-citizen clause
 be a at least 30 years old

Campaigns and nomination
The modern presidential campaign begins before primary elections, which political parties use to clear the field of candidates before their national nominating conventions, where the most successful candidate is the party's or coalition's presidential candidate. In general, the presidential candidate of the party or, failing that, the coalition of parties chooses a candidate for the vice-presidency, generally being the second with the highest number of votes in the convention. The most common previous profession of presidents is that of a lawyer.

Election
The president and vice president serve a term of office of four years after being elected by popular vote. Since 2015, the president is barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term.

From 1910 to 2005, the president was limited to a single term. However, on 24 November 2005, the Colombian Congress introduced the Electoral Guarantees Law (Ley de Garantias Electorales), which modified Article 152, of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and allowed a president to run for a second term. The President or Vice President running for re-election was required to formally notify the National Electoral Council and guarantee a fair competition for the other contenders. Participation of acting officials in political proselytism was standardized. Presidents or vice presidents not running for office were barred from participating on political proselytism. If one or both were running, they could only engage in political activity four months before the primary elections. Also, if the president and/or vice president were running for office, they could participate in their political party's selection mechanism to postulate candidates. In 2010, the Constitutional Court of Colombia threw out a planned referendum to allow presidents to run for three consecutive terms. It ruled that Colombian presidents could only serve two terms, even if they are nonconsecutive. In 2015, a constitutional amendment repealed the 2004 changes and reverted to the original one-term limit.

Inauguration

The inauguration of the President is made up of various ceremonies and traditions carried out on August 7 every four years. Through democratic elections or coups, resignations and deaths, presidential inaugurations have been important events in the history of Colombia, which at the same time mark the beginning of new eras.

Presidential sash

The presidential sash is considered symbolic, which determines the figure of the president, there are no official records, but the first presidential sash was introduced by Antonio Nariño, who simulated the decoration sash of order, over the years it has had different designs being one of the most characteristic, its first design that only consisted of the 3 colors of the national flag, currently the presidential sash consists of the colors of the flag in the same order with the only difference that it consists of the coat of arms in the central part, emulating the presidential flag

Incumbency

Residence

Currently the official residence of the Colombian president is the Casa de Nariño. While in office, the president has the right to use its facilities and personnel, including medical care, recreation, domestic services, and security services. The first presidential palace where Simón Bolívar dispatched after Independence of Colombia was the former Palace of the Viceroys, which was located on the western side of the Plaza Mayor of Bogotá (where the Palacio Liévano is currently located). The 1827 earthquake left the property partially destroyed, for which reason the presidential office and the official residence were moved to the Palacio de San Carlos. In 1885, the president Rafael Núñez ordered the purchase of the house where Antonio Nariño was born to use it as an official residence. In 1906, the architect Gastón Lelarge transformed the property into the Palacio de la Carrera and in 1979 the architect Fernando Alsina remodeled the building to the current Casa de Nariño and designed the Plaza de Armas that left it directly connected to the National Capitol.

The House of Illustrious Guests in the city of Cartagena de Indias is the house where the Colombian president receives international guests. Likewise, the President has the Hato Grande country estate, located in Sopó, Cundinamarca as a resting place, which belonged to General Francisco de Paula Santander and was later acquired by the businessman from Antioquia Pepe Sierra, whose family donated it to the national government.

Travel

When traveling within Colombia or abroad, the President of the Republic uses the presidential plane identified with the registration FAC 0001, (a Boeing 737 Business Jet BBJ class) . The president also uses two helicopters in VIP configuration, a Bell 412 with the registration FAC 0004 and a UH-60 Black Hawk with the registration FAC 0007.

Protection

On December 7, 1927, President Miguel Abadía Méndez signed a decree officially founding the Presidential Guard. On August 16, 1928, the battalion was given its current name, with its first commander being Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Perea Sanclemente. Memorable actions of this battalion are remembered such as the protection given to the president  during the violent acts of the Bogotazo (April 9, 1948) and during the Palace of Justice Siege on November 6, 1985. Resolution 3446 of August 17, 1955, created the medallion "Guardia Presidencial" and Decree 1880 of 1988 ruled the award merits for this prize given to the distinguished members of the battalion for their loyalty, service and good behavior.

Since August 16, 1928, the security of the president has been in the hands of the Presidential Guard, who also has the mission of maintaining the security of the president, his family and his official residence, the Casa de Nariño. Since 1958 it was given to the Presidential Guard Battalion, a sui generis organization in the National Army, with a representation of the four arms and its units were called Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers.

References

External links
 Presidencia de la Republica de Colombia
 Georgetown University – Requisites to be President of Colombia

Government of Colombia
Presidency of Colombia
1819 establishments in Gran Colombia

President of Colombia


Jim Ka To (; born 28 November 1984 in Hong Kong) is a race car driver who competed in the 2001 Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup and currently competes in the China Touring Car Championship.

The son of Hong Kong street car racer Jim Chong Shing, he started racing at an early age at the Zhuhai International Circuit. He showed great potential in the China Formula Campus series and was sent by Formula Racing Developments to La Filière in France to be trained to become a racing driver.

Upon his return, he took pole position in the Asian Formula 2000 race in Macau at the age of 16. But his single-seater career has stagnated since then. In 2011, he decided to move to touring cars.

2004
In 2004, Jim finished second in the Asian Formula Renault Championship. He then scored a sensational pole position in the Macau Formula Renault race, beating drivers like Kamui Kobayashi, Scott Speed and Bruno Senna. But he crashed in the race and was taken to hospital for a check up. He was uninjured.

He was signed by Red Bull to join their young drivers' programme for 2005 and was to join the Motorpark Oschersleben team that took Scott Speed to the 2004 Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup title. But due to health problems, he returned to Hong Kong before entering any race in the 2005 series.

2007
In 2007, he competed in the Asian Formula Renault Challenge and won two races in Zhuhai in January and finished best Asian driver that season. He competed with Formula Racing Developments racing team, under the management of Kenneth Ma.

In November 2007, Jim was announced as one of the drivers for Team PTRS for the 2007/08 Asian Formula Three Championship. He partnered Briton Matt Howson.

2008 season

In 2008, Jim competed in the Asian Formula Renault Championship again for Formula Racing Developments, sponsored by Frestech Electrical Appliances. He also competed in the Formula BMW Pacific Series' finale at the Macau Grand Prix.

From 13 to 16 November 2008, Jim took part in the Formula BMW Pacific race in Macau. He qualified 12th  and crashed in the race. His crash caused the race to be stopped and he was classified 7th in the final results.

On 13 and 14 December 2008, Jim competed in the final two rounds of the Asian Formula Renault Championship. He won both races and became the 2008 Asian Formula Renault Champion, beating Geoffrey Kwong.

2008 Assault case
On 4 November 2008, Jim was arrested by the Hong Kong police on suspicion of assault at the Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal. He was charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm, inflicting grievous bodily harm and assault occasioning actual bodily harm. On 26 May 2009, he was found guilty by the Kwun Tong Magistracy. He remained in custody after conviction and was sentenced to 15 months in prison on 16 June 2009. After three months in jail, he was released on appeal on 16 September 2009.

2009 Formula BMW Pacific

After being released from jail, he entered the 2009 Formula BMW Pacific race at the 2009 Macau Grand Prix. He finished fourth in the race. It was the eighth time he raced in Macau.

2010 Formula BMW Pacific
Jim competed again in the Macau round of the 2010 Formula BMW Pacific season. He qualified 13th  and finished 7th.

2010 accident and conviction
At 2am on 23 June 2010, Jim crashed his friend's car into the back of a taxi on Cherry Street in Hong Kong. He was convicted of careless driving and driving an uninsured car on 10 January 2010 at the Kowloon City Magistrate. He was fined HK$2,900 with his driving license suspended for a year.

2011 and 2012 China Touring Car Championship
In 2011 and 2012, Jim joined 778 Autosport and drove one of their Kias in the China Touring Car Championship.

2013 World Endurance Championship

On 8 March 2013, KCMG announced that Jim will partner Alexandre Imperatori and Matt Howson to drive its no.47 Morgan-Nissan LMP2 entry at the 6 Hours of Silverstone, part of the 2013 FIA World Endurance Championship season. The trio finished the race 6th in class and 12th overall, 5 laps behind the class winner. Chinese driver Ho Pin Tung will take his place in the team for the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans.

2019 World Touring Car Cup
On 9 October 2019, KCMG announced that Jim Ka To will join KCMG regular WTCR competitors Tiago Monteiro and Attila Tassi for the Suzuka Round of the 2019 World Touring Car Cup in a wild card entry. On 24 October, Jim Ka To is also confirmed to race for KCMG in the FIA WTCR races in Macau.

References

External links
Driver Profile - 778 Autosport

1984 births
Living people
Hong Kong racing drivers
Formula Renault Eurocup drivers
Asian Formula Renault Challenge drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers
World Touring Car Cup drivers
24H Series drivers
FIA Motorsport Games drivers
Asian Formula Three Championship drivers
Formula BMW Pacific drivers
KCMG drivers
Team Meritus drivers
Formula BMW Asia drivers
Champ Motorsport drivers

Jim Ka To


The Royal Opera House Muscat (ROHM) is Oman's premier venue for musical arts and culture. The opera house is located in Shati Al-Qurm district of Muscat on Sultan Qaboos Street. Built on the royal orders of Sultan Qaboos of Oman, the Royal Opera House reflects unique contemporary Omani architecture, and has a capacity to accommodate maximum of 1,100 people. The opera house complex consists of a concert theatre, auditorium, formal landscaped gardens, cultural market with retail, luxury restaurants and an art centre for musical, theatrical and operatic productions.

History
Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, who was the ruler of Oman during the opera construction, had been always a fan of classical music and arts. In 2001, the sultan ordered the building of an opera house. Initially called 'House of Musical Arts', the name 'Royal Opera House Muscat (ROHM)' was finally chosen. This opera house, which was built by Carillion Alawi, became the first in the world equipped with Radio Marconi's multimedia interactive display seatback system, Mode23. It was officially opened on October 12, 2011, with a production of the opera Turandot, conducted by Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo.

Prominent guests
The opera house had an impressive first season, with performances by Plácido Domingo, Andrea Bocelli, and soprano Renée Fleming. There have also been music performances by world-renowned cellist Yo Yo Ma and the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the American Ballet Theatre in a production of Don Quixote, The Paul Taylor Dance Company, the performance of Swan Lake by the Mariinsky Ballet, and trumpeter Wynton Marsalis with New York's Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra. There have been some Arab artists performing at the opera house as well such as Majida El Roumi as well as a tribute in honour of legendary Arab singer Um Kalthoum. In March 2013, Indian violin icon L. Subramaniam performed at the opera house and described it as the only orchestra in the Middle East composed entirely of musicians from the region.

Gallery

References

External links

Royal Opera House Muscat official website

2011 establishments in Oman
Theatres completed in 2011
Music venues completed in 2011
Opera houses in Oman
Buildings and structures in Muscat, Oman
Culture in Muscat, Oman
Tourist attractions in Muscat, Oman

Royal Opera House Muscat


Barrow House is a late 18th-century mansion situated on the eastern shore of Derwentwater in Borrowdale within the Lake District National Park, in the county of Cumbria, England. The house is a Grade II listed building which since the time of its construction has had various uses, it was originally a private dwelling and has since served as a hotel, a youth hostel run by the YHA and is now an independent hostel.

History
Construction work began on Barrow House in 1787, the house being built by Joseph Pocklington (1736–1817). Pocklington was the son of an affluent Nottinghamshire banker and was viewed locally as a wealthy eccentric. He had inherited a large fortune at the age of 26 which allowed him to lead a life of luxury. In 1778 he purchased Derwent Island House on Derwent Isle, the most northerly of the islands on Derwentwater. Pocklington constructed various buildings on Derwent Isle which upset many of the local population, with William Wordsworth describing them as "mere puerilities". In 1798 he purchased the Bowder Stone and built a cottage nearby for a guide, erected a ladder and cleared away the stones from around it, earning criticism from the poet Robert Southey. In 1796 Pocklington sold Derwent Island House to General William Peachy and moved to the newly completed Barrow House.

Barrow House cost £1,655 to build and was initially called Barrow Cascade House because Pocklington had created a 108 foot high waterfall behind the house (to compete with the nearby Lodore Falls) by employing workmen to divert and channel a stream. The cascade was generally well received, although Samuel Taylor Coleridge who had little positive to say about Pocklington, called it "the commonplace cascade at King Pocky's". Shortly after completion a folly was built between the rear of the house and the cascade, this took the form of a small hermitage. Pocklington hoped that this would be a tourist attraction and he offered payment for a local to play the part of the hermit, an offer that was not taken up, and the folly was never occupied.  The early part of the 19th century saw alterations to the house with side extensions being added and the windows altered.

Pocklington died in 1817, the house remained a private dwelling until the early 1900s when it was converted into a hotel, it became a youth hostel in 1931 and reverted to being a hotel in 1950. The Youth Hostels Association purchased the building in 1961 and it remained a YHA hostel until 2011 when it was announced that the house would be sold as part of the YHA's financial reorganisation. The house was advertised for sale at a price of £1,250,000 in late 2011 and was described as having "spacious accommodation totalling 947 square metres (10,190 square feet) set in 6 hectares (14.8 acres) of grounds including woodlands, grassland and a waterfall." In November 2011 Barrow House was purchased by local businessman John Snyder who has set up a charitable organisation (Derwentwater Youth Hostel Ltd.) to keep the house running as an independent hostel with the YHA agreeing to the proposal that it should retain the name of Derwentwater Youth Hostel. The hostel changed its name to Derwentwater Independent Hostel in November 2013.

The hostel today
As from November 2011 the hostel is no longer part of the YHA organisation, it is managed by Tim Butcher as a non profit making charitable trust . The hostel has 88 beds in 11 bedrooms and caters for families, groups and individuals, it has its own small hydroelectricity plant.

Architecture
The house has white painted stucco walls with a hipped graduated green slate roof with two dormer windows. The front of the house is characterised by three substantial two storey bay windows.

See also

Listed buildings in Borrowdale

References

Grade II listed buildings in Cumbria
Country houses in Cumbria
Youth hostels in England and Wales

Barrow House, Cumbria


The Omega Factor (stylized as The Ωmega Factor) is a British television series produced by BBC Scotland in 1979. It was created by Jack Gerson and produced by George Gallaccio, and transmitted in ten weekly episodes between 13 June and 15 August.

Synopsis

Journalist Tom Crane (James Hazeldine) possesses untapped psychic powers that bring him to the attention of the scientists who comprise Department 7, a secret "need to know only" government organisation which investigates paranormal phenomena and the potential of the human mind. The phenomena explored include hypnosis, brainwashing, extra-sensory perception, telekinesis, poltergeist phenomena, out-of-body experiences and spiritual possession.

Crane joins Department 7 as a means of finding and getting revenge on Edward Drexel (Cyril Luckham), a powerful rogue psychic who is responsible for the death of Crane's wife in a car crash. Crane's work with the department, and his own psychic gift, lead Crane to suspect a deadly conspiracy by a mysterious organisation called Omega to take over the world using mind control. The members of Department 7 include physicist Dr Anne Reynolds (Louise Jameson), an old friend of Crane's wife, and the secretive head of the department, psychiatrist Dr Roy Martindale (John Carlisle). Most episodes see the driven and impetuous Crane in impatient conflict with the cautious Martindale, with Anne (who falls in love with Crane, though she also has a brief relationship with Martindale) caught in the middle. Various subplots develop over the course of the series – notably Crane's hunt for Drexel, his growing suspicions about the Omega conspiracy and his developing relationship with Anne.

Episodes

Only one series of ten episodes was made. The Omega Factor was produced by BBC Scotland and filmed on location in Edinburgh (making use of a number of Edinburgh landmarks such as the Royal Mile, Holyrood Park, and Edinburgh Zoo), with studio production conducted in Glasgow. Unlike most BBC programmes of the day, the series was shot almost entirely on videotape (as opposed to the then-common practice of using film for exteriors) Recurring guest star Natasha Gerson is the daughter of the show's creator. According to her interview for the 2006 DVD release, she auditioned for the role under an assumed name so that the casting agent was not aware of this relationship.

The series was originally allotted to run thirteen episodes, but to maintain a certain level of quality, the production was scaled back to ten episodes to allow more money to be budgeted per episode.

A novel by Jack Gerson, telling the story of Crane's hunt for Drexel (a substantially different story from that in the broadcast series, aside from the first episode which the novel duplicated faithfully), was published as a series accompaniment.

Reception
The Omega Factor attracted the criticism of public moralist Mary Whitehouse, who described the episode of "Powers of Darkness" as "thoroughly evil" because it depicted the supernatural and a man burning to death.

Legacy
The series' combination of science fiction, horror and thriller elements, and its narrative focus on shadowy government departments and conspiracies to gain world domination, as well as the chemistry between James Hazeldine and Louise Jameson's characters, was echoed in the 1990s series The X-Files. Although the final episode resolved several of the subplots, it raised several more issues and its ambiguous ending suggests that a second season was anticipated.

Big Finish audio revival
In 2015 Big Finish Productions began a series of audio plays based on the TV show, with original cast member Louise Jameson reprising her role as Anne Reynolds. The plays are set 30 years after the events of the TV show and feature John Dorney as Adam Dean (Tom Crane's son). The first volume was followed by a second in 2017, with a third series released in 2018.

Main Audio Series

Series 01

Series 02

Series 03

Audiobooks

Home media

The complete series of The Omega Factor was released by DD Home Entertainment on DVD in Region 2 (UK) on 20 June 2005.

In Region 1, Entertainment One released the complete series on DVD on 2 May 2006.

References

External links

Action TV
Episode Guide
Big Finish audiobooks

1979 British television series debuts
1979 British television series endings
1970s British science fiction television series
1970s British television miniseries
BBC Scotland television shows
BBC television dramas
British science fiction television shows
British supernatural television shows
English-language television shows
Fictional government investigations of the paranormal
Television shows set in Edinburgh
British fantasy drama television series

The Omega Factor


1635: The Cannon Law is the sixth book and fifth novel published in the 1632 series by Eric Flint and Andrew Dennis. It is the second novel in the French-Italian plot thread, which began with 1634: The Galileo Affair and was published by Baen Books in 2006. The book explores the reactions of the Roman Catholic hardliners to Pope Urban VIII's actions in tolerating the new freedom of religion taking root in Central Europe during the climax of The Galileo Affair.

Like all the preceding books in the series, it is set in the Thirty Years' War. The series deals with history and political life, American culture and a host of other things taken for granted in today's First World countries.

Plot summary
Following the events of 1634: The Galileo Affair, Pope Urban VIII has been won over to the actions of the Americans after being saved from his attempted assassination and his subsequent pardon of Galileo Galilei. However, Pope Urban's relations with the Americans and their allies earns the scorn of his historical enemy Cardinal Gaspar Borja y Velasco, who had been loudly critical of the actions, or inactions, of the Holy See in regard to Gustavus Adolphus, Galileo, and now Cardinal Larry Mazzare, and had been briefly banned from Rome by Urban.

Cardinal Borja returns to Rome, though living in the outskirts of the city, and having cultivated allies with the Spanish element of the Vatican and acquiring the aid of Francisco de Quevedo y Villega, a mercenary agent provocateur, is ordered by King Philip IV of Spain to stir up trouble within Rome with the efforts of discrediting Urban and turning him into a lame duck pope after Urban failed to support Spain in her war against the United States of Europe (USE). Borja exceeds these orders, orchestrating a military coup to overthrow Urban, which also caused the deaths of Urban's political allies including his  cardinal-nephew Antonio Barberini, and replace him with a Spanish puppet. Urban escapes from his second attempted death with the help from the American Roman embassy, leading to Borja being declared an Anti-Pope, with only Spain and its satellites recognizing his authority as the new Pope.

Literary significance and reception
Publishers Weekly was somewhat critical in their review saying "If this novel is not as rollicking as its predecessor, that may be because there really isn't anything funny about the Spanish Inquisition, Monty Python notwithstanding." Roland Green reviewing for Booklist was more positive saying "this is probably the strongest book in the magnificent saga since the opening volume 1632." The reviewer or SFRevu wrote that "the book has that iceburg feeling of inevitability" and that the "people of 1635 may be trying to get out of the path history set for them, but they're still driven by the same events and pressures that decided their fates the first time."

1635: The Cannon Law was listed on the Locus (magazine) Hardcovers Bestsellers List for two months in a row at the end of 2006 and the beginning of 2007, topping at number 8.

References

External links

1632 series books
2006 American novels
Baen Books available as e-books
Books by Eric Flint
Collaborative novels
Fiction set in 1635
American science fiction novels
Novels set in the 1630s

1635: The Cannon Law


Galen Grindle (born June 16, 1934), better known as Johnny Ginger, was a pioneer of Detroit television.

Biography
Grindle was born in Toledo, Ohio. His parents, Ray and Edna, were a Vaudeville family act performing at the Paramount Theater in Toledo. His brother, Kenny, was a tap dancer in the family act. One day they brought little Johnny up onstage to sing "Sonny Boy" and he was an instant hit. As a teen he performed stand-up comedy in clubs all over Toledo, Detroit, and Canada.

Grindle had been working as a comedian under the name Jerry Gale when he auditioned to present a program for WXYZ-TV based around re-runs of The Three Stooges. Given the role, WXYZ vice president John Pival insisted that he work under the name Johnny Ginger, the name taken from a bottle of Johnny Bull Ginger Beer. Ginger's  afternoon show, Curtain Time Theater (which was always pronounced "Thee-A-ter"), entertained kids from 1957 to 1960 on WXYZ-TV Channel 7. The live portions of the show were broadcast all around the television station, with Ginger in his janitor costume of bib-overalls and driving cap. By the early 1960s Johnny adapted a new character inspired by the Jerry Lewis film The Bellboy, that of the head bellboy at the Rocky Plaza Hotel, run by Rocky Granet (the voice of Rube Weiss), and the show became The Johnny Ginger Show. He introduced a new generation of kids to The Three Stooges and even played the part of Billy The Kid in the Stooges last film, The Outlaws Is Coming. As a gesture of gratitude, the Stooges used many of the children's hosts who had run their shorts in the cast. He, Ricky the Clown, Jingles, Poop-Deck Paul, Milky the Clown, Rube Weiss, Captain Jolly, Sagebush Shorty and Soupy Sales helped pioneer Detroit television for children in the fifties and sixties. The Johnny Ginger Show was cancelled in 1968. Ginger went on to host Captain Detroit for WKBD-TV.

Johnny left Detroit for Hollywood and appeared on an episode of The Rifleman.

References

External links

American television personalities
American stand-up comedians
Living people
People from Toledo, Ohio
Television in Detroit
1934 births
Comedians from Ohio

Johnny Ginger


In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real analytic functions. A function is analytic if and only if its Taylor series about   converges to the function in some neighborhood for every  in its domain. It is important to note that it's a neighborhood and not just at some point , since every differentiable function has at least a tangent line at every point, which is its Taylor series of order 1. So just having a polynomial expansion at singular points is not enough, and the Taylor series must also converge to the function on points adjacent to  to be considered an analytic function. As a counterexample see the Fabius function.

Definitions

Formally, a function  is real analytic on an open set  in the real line if for any  one  can write

in which the coefficients  are real numbers and the series is convergent to  for  in a neighborhood of .

Alternatively, a real analytic function is an infinitely differentiable function such that the Taylor series at any point  in its domain

converges to  for  in a neighborhood of   pointwise. The set of all real analytic functions on a given set  is often denoted by .

A function  defined on some subset of the real line is said to be real analytic at a point  if there is a neighborhood  of  on which  is real analytic.

The definition of a complex analytic function is obtained by replacing, in the definitions above, "real" with "complex" and "real line" with "complex plane". A function is complex analytic if and only if it is holomorphic i.e. it is complex differentiable. For this reason the terms "holomorphic" and "analytic" are often used interchangeably for such functions.

Examples
Typical examples of analytic functions are
 The following elementary functions:
 All polynomials: if a polynomial has degree n, any terms of degree larger than n in its Taylor series expansion must immediately vanish to 0, and so this series will be trivially convergent. Furthermore, every polynomial is its own Maclaurin series.
 The exponential function is analytic. Any Taylor series for this function converges not only for x close enough to x0 (as in the definition) but for all values of x (real or complex).
 The trigonometric functions, logarithm, and the power functions are analytic on any open set of their domain.
 Most special functions (at least in some range of the complex plane):
 hypergeometric functions
 Bessel functions
 gamma functions

Typical examples of functions that are not analytic are

 The absolute value function when defined on the set of real numbers or complex numbers is not everywhere analytic because it is not differentiable at 0.
 Piecewise defined functions (functions given by different formulae in different regions) are typically not analytic where the pieces meet.
 The complex conjugate function z → z* is not complex analytic, although its restriction to the real line is the identity function and therefore real analytic, and it is real analytic as a function from  to .
 Other non-analytic smooth functions, and in particular any smooth function  with compact support, i.e. , cannot be analytic on .

Alternative characterizations

The following conditions are equivalent:

 is real analytic on an open set .
There is a complex analytic extension of  to an open set  which contains .
 is smooth and for every compact set  there exists a constant  such that for every  and every non-negative integer  the following bound holds

Complex analytic functions are exactly equivalent to holomorphic functions, and are thus much more easily characterized.

For the case of an analytic function with several variables (see below),  the real analyticity can be characterized using the Fourier–Bros–Iagolnitzer transform.

In the multivariable case, real analytic functions satisfy a direct generalization of the third characterization. Let  be an open set, and let .

Then  is real analytic on  if and only if  and for every compact  there exists a constant  such that for every multi-index  the following bound holds

Properties of analytic functions
 The sums, products, and compositions of analytic functions are analytic.
 The reciprocal of an analytic function that is nowhere zero is analytic, as is the inverse of an invertible analytic function whose derivative is nowhere zero. (See also the Lagrange inversion theorem.)
 Any analytic function is smooth, that is, infinitely differentiable. The converse is not true for real functions; in fact, in a certain sense, the real analytic functions are sparse compared to all real infinitely differentiable functions. For the complex numbers, the converse does hold, and in fact any function differentiable once on an open set is analytic on that set (see "analyticity and differentiability" below).
 For any open set , the set A(Ω) of all  analytic functions  is a Fréchet space with respect to the uniform convergence on compact sets. The fact that uniform limits on compact sets of analytic functions are analytic is an easy consequence of Morera's theorem. The set  of all bounded analytic functions with the supremum norm is a Banach space.

A polynomial cannot be zero at too many points unless it is the zero polynomial (more precisely, the number of zeros is at most the degree of the polynomial). A similar but weaker statement holds for analytic functions. If the set of zeros of an analytic function ƒ has an accumulation point inside its domain, then ƒ is zero everywhere on the connected component containing the accumulation point. In other words, if (rn) is a sequence of distinct numbers such that ƒ(rn) = 0 for all n and this sequence converges to a point r in the domain of D, then ƒ is identically zero on the connected component of D  containing r. This is known as the identity theorem.

Also, if all the derivatives of an analytic function at a point are zero, the function is constant on the corresponding connected component.

These statements imply that while analytic functions do have more degrees of freedom than polynomials, they are still quite rigid.

Analyticity and differentiability
As noted above, any analytic function (real or complex) is infinitely differentiable (also known as smooth, or ). (Note that this differentiability is in the sense of real variables; compare complex derivatives below.) There exist smooth real functions that are not analytic: see non-analytic smooth function. In fact there are many such functions.

The situation is quite different when one considers complex analytic functions and complex derivatives. It can be proved that any complex function differentiable (in the complex sense) in an open set is analytic. Consequently, in complex analysis, the term analytic function is synonymous with holomorphic function.

Real versus complex analytic functions
Real and complex analytic functions have important differences (one could notice that even from their different relationship with differentiability). Analyticity of complex functions is a more restrictive property, as it has more restrictive necessary conditions and complex analytic functions have more structure than their real-line counterparts.

According to Liouville's theorem, any bounded complex analytic function defined on the whole complex plane is constant. The corresponding statement for real analytic functions, with the complex plane replaced by the real line, is clearly false; this is illustrated by

Also, if a complex analytic function is defined in an open ball around a point x0, its power series expansion at x0 is convergent in the whole open ball (holomorphic functions are analytic). This statement for real analytic functions (with open ball meaning an open interval of the real line rather than an open disk of the complex plane) is not true in general; the function of the example above gives an example for x0 = 0 and a ball of radius exceeding 1, since the power series  diverges for |x| ≥ 1.

Any real analytic function on some open set on the real line can be extended to a complex analytic function on some open set of the complex plane. However, not every real analytic function defined on the whole real line can be extended to a complex function defined on the whole complex plane. The function ƒ(x) defined in the paragraph above is a counterexample, as it is not defined for x = ±i. This explains why the Taylor series of ƒ(x) diverges for |x| > 1, i.e., the radius of convergence is 1 because the complexified function has a pole at distance 1 from the evaluation point 0 and no further poles within the open disc of radius 1 around the evaluation point.

Analytic functions of several variables
One can define analytic functions in several variables by means of power series in those variables (see power series). Analytic functions of several variables have some of the same properties as analytic functions of one variable. However, especially for complex analytic functions, new and interesting phenomena show up in 2 or more complex dimensions:

 Zero sets of complex analytic functions in more than one variable are never discrete. This can be proved by Hartogs's extension theorem.
 Domains of holomorphy for single-valued functions consist of arbitrary (connected) open sets. In several complex variables, however, only some connected open sets are domains of holomorphy. The characterization of domains of holomorphy leads to the notion of pseudoconvexity.

See also
Cauchy–Riemann equations
Holomorphic function
Paley–Wiener theorem
Quasi-analytic function
Infinite compositions of analytic functions

Notes

References

External links

 Solver for all zeros of a complex analytic function that lie within a rectangular region by Ivan B. Ivanov

Analytic function


Babul Supriyo (born 15 December 1970) is an Indian playback singer, live performer, television host, actor and politician who currently serves as Cabinet Minister of Information Technology and Electronics and Tourism of the Government of West Bengal. He was elected Member of Parliament from Asansol in the 16th and 17th Lok Sabha and also served as the Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in the Union Council of Ministers. He officially resigned as MP on 19 October 2021. and was elected as a Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly on 16 April 2022 from Ballygunge Assembly seat.

He made a career as playback singer in Hindi cinema in the mid-nineties and has sung for many films since then. He primarily sings in Hindi, Bengali, and Odia languages. However, he has also done playback singing in 11 other languages during his musical career. He entered politics in 2014 and joined Narendra Modi's government. He previously served as Union Minister of State for Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

Supriyo quit the Bhartiya Janata Party and joined the All India Trinamool Congress Party in September 2021.

Early life
Supriyo was born and brought up in Uttarpara, a suburb town of Kolkata on the banks of the Hooghly River in West Bengal. His parents are Sunil Chandra Baral and Sumitra Baral. Babul comes from a musical family and was greatly influenced by his grandfather, Banikantha NC Baral, a Bengali vocalist and composer. He won several inter-school and inter-college music compositions, and had performed in All India Radio and Doordarshan. He attended Don Bosco School during which he became an "All India Don Bosco Music Champion" in 1983, and "The Most Enriching Talent" in 1985. He completed his bachelor's degree in commerce from Serampore College in 1991.

When he entered the entertainment industry, he changed his birth name Supriya Baral to Babul Supriyo.

Personal life
Supriyo was introduced to Riaa at a Shah Rukh Khan concert in Toronto. They married each other in 1995. His first child Sharmilee was born in 1996. Supriyo and Riaa divorced in October 2015. He remarried on 9 August 2016 to Rachna Sharma, an air hostess of Jet Airways.

Political career

An ardent admirer of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Narendra Modi, Supriyo was introduced to Bharatiya Janata Party in March 2014. In 2014 Indian general election, he was nominated by the party as their candidate for Asansol, West Bengal and won it by defeating Dola Sen. He was inducted to Narendra Modi's government as the Union Minister of State, Ministry of Urban Development; and Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation on 9 November 2014. He became the youngest minister. He served in these ministries till 12 July 2016, after which his portfolio was changed to Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

In the 2019 Indian general election, Supriyo again won from the Asansol as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate defeating Moon Moon Sen by 1.97 lakh votes, and securing a total of 6.32 lakh votes. In May 2019, he became Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Member of Parliament

On 19 September 2019, Supriyo was attacked by students after he was invited to attend an event at Calcutta's Jadavpur University.

On 13 August 2019, Supriyo Babul, accused the state government of not giving food for the cyclone affected people in Fazarganj for 5 days.

In the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Babul Supriyo ran from Tollyganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency) as the Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and lost by more than 50,000 votes. Probably stung by an unexpected defeat, Supriyo stated that Bengal had made a 'historic mistake' by voting for TMC. However the Facebook post was later deleted.

On 31 July 2021, Babul Supriyo announced on social media his decision to quit politics and also resign as a Lok Sabha MP. However days later he decided to complete his tenure as MP. He then edited his Facebook post deleting the "won't join any party" remark raising speculations. On 18 September 2021 he joined All India Trinamool Congress in presence of Abhishek Banerjee.

On 16 April 2022 he was elected as a Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Ballygunge Assembly seat.

Singing career

After a brief work at the Standard Chartered Bank, Supriyo chose singing as a full-time career. He moved to Mumbai in 1992 to make a career in Bollywood. Kalyanji gave him a break, and took him to perform abroad at their live shows. In 1993 he toured Canada and USA with Amitabh Bachchan. He also toured US with Asha Bhonsle in 1997 and 1999. Besides playback singing, he has also done several stage shows. Babul Supriyo performed at Powai Sarvajanin Durgotsav in 2011.

His breakthrough came with "Dil Ne Dil Ko Pukara" in Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai in 2000, the debut film of Hrithik Roshan. Some of his other popular Bollywood songs are "Pari Pari Hai Ek Pari" (Hungama), "Hum Tum" (Hum Tum) and "Chanda Chamke" (Fanaa). He is the anchor of the hit television show K for Kishore. He sang the opening themes of Balaji Telefilms serials.

Albums
Monoroma Tilottama (1997)
Hoyto Tomari Jannya (1999)
Sochta Hun (2003)
Kuch Aisa Lagta Hai
Untitled - Babul Supriyo (2008)
Kotobaaro Bhebechhinu (Rabindra Sangeet) (2009) - Asha Audio
Jodi Jantem (Rabindra Sangeet) (2010) - Asha Audio
Babul Baul (2014)
Mone Robe (2011, Rabindra Sangeet album comprising 10 songs sung by Babul Supriyo & Alka Yagnik)
Just Tomake
What The Folk
Timeless
Suna Pharua (2016, Odia)

Discography

As a playback singer

Bengali songs

Kannada songs

Odia songs
Supriyo sang Phaguna re Phaguna in Mohammad Mohsin's movie Santana which made him a household name in Odisha. Subsequently he sang many songs in Odia.

Marathi songs

Awards and honours

 2002: Honorary citizenship by the State Council of Atlanta.
 2002: Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards: Best Male Playback for Tak Jhal Mishti
 2003: Kalakar Awards – Best Playback Singer for Kasautii Zindagii Kay
 2004: Kalakar Awards – Best Playback Singer for Mayer Anchal
 2006: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Male Playback Award for Subho Drishti.
 2007: Zee Gold Awards – Best Playback Singer for Kasautii Zindagii Kay
 2016: Walked at Grande finale show of Indian Federation for Fashion Development's India Runway Week season 6 for designer Agnimitra Paul

References

|-

External links

Living people
1970 births
People from West Bengal
Bengali Hindus
Bengali singers
Indian male singers
Bollywood playback singers
Bengali playback singers
Hindi-language singers
Odia playback singers
Don Bosco schools alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award winners
Rabindra Sangeet exponents
Male actors in Bengali cinema
India MPs 2014–2019
Lok Sabha members from West Bengal
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal
Narendra Modi ministry
People from Asansol
India MPs 2019–present
National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
20th-century Indian male singers
20th-century Indian singers
West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026
Singers from West Bengal
State cabinet ministers of West Bengal

Babul Supriyo


KiNEx (Kirishineftekhimexport, Russian acronym for 'Kirishi petroleum chemical export') () is a Russian joint stock company, subsidiary of Surgutneftegaz, specializing in wholesale crude and refined oil trading, especially of the refined oil production of Kinef, mostly abroad in Northern Europe. Its refinery at Kirishi is the closest to Europe.

It was founded in 1987 as a subdivision of the Kirishinefteorgsintez refinery, based in Kirishi, Leningrad Oblast, to conduct external economic activity of the latter, but in 1991 became independent state-owned enterprise headed by Gennady Timchenko. Vadim Evseevich Somov () was the general director of KiNex.

In 1990 Kirishineftekhimexport together with Volgotanker, the Dutch firm Sadko and the state-owned Sovfintrade () and several individuals founded joint venture Urals Ltd. Its Finnish subdivision Urals Finland Oy became the main foreign customer of Kirishineftekhimexport, as it required much less efforts and bureaucratic burden to export oil to a single company. Urals Finland Oy later separated from Urals JV Ltd. and in 1995 entered the KiNEx holding as IPP International Petroleum Products Oy. In 1990s Kirishineftekhimexport also became successful in exporting oil to Estonia, which in 1990 was still a part of the Soviet Union.

In 1994 Kirishineftekhimexport was privatized by its top-managers Adolf Smirnov (), Andrei Katkov (), Yevgeni Malov () and Gennady Timchenko and became a joint stock company registered in Saint Petersburg. It had been headed by Director General Adolf Smirnov until his death in 2004. Since then has been its Director General. The company had its own oil fields in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, but later sold them out.

In 1996 the state sold its remaining 49% stake in the company. In the same year financial and investment projects of KiNEx were transferred to the KiNEx Invest JSC, owned by Smirnov, Katkov, Malov and Timchenko (by 25% each) and headed by Director General Yury Yerofeyev. In 1998 KiNEx Invest acquired control over a 20.7% share of the Russia Bank.

Notes

References

External links

 KiNEx (in Russian)
 KiNEx Invest (in Russian) 21 September 2007
 KiNEx Invest (in Russian) 4 March 2016

Oil companies of Russia
Oil companies of the Soviet Union
Companies based in Leningrad Oblast

KiNEx


Pulse fishing is a fisheries management technique for preventing fish stocks from being overfished by periodically permitting a cycle of fishing followed by a fallow period which allows stocks to reconstitute. It should not be confused with electric pulse fishing which is a fishing technique which involves pulsing electric currents.

References

Fisheries science
Sustainable fishery

Pulse fishing


Vladimir Viktorovich Vasiliev (; born 18 April 1940) is a Soviet and Russian ballet dancer and choreographer. He was a principal dancer with the Bolshoi Ballet and its director from 1995 to 2000. He was best known for his role of Spartacus and his powerful leaps and turns. He received the People's Artist of the USSR (1973).

Vasiliev was named "God of the dance" and is regarded as a classical dancer on the same level as Rudolf Nureyev, Erik Bruhn and Mikhail Baryshnikov. At the height of their careers, Vasiliev and Ekaterina Maximova were the golden couple of Russian ballet.

Early life
Vasiliev was born in Moscow in 1940, the son of a mechanical engineer. In 1947, at the age of seven, he joined the amateur ballet group of the Kirov pioneer group, where he stayed two years. His first teacher was Elena Romanovna Rosse.

He entered the Moscow Ballet School, commonly known as The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, in 1947 and graduated in 1958, when he joined the Bolshoi Ballet. His teachers at the Moscow Ballet School included Aleksey Yermolayev.

Career

Principal Dancer with the Bolshoi Ballet
Vasiliev became a principal dancer in 1959 in his second year with the Bolshoi Ballet.

Career with Ekaterina Maximova

Vasiliev and Ekaterina Maximova, both principal dancers, were the dream couple of the Bolshoi Ballet. Dancing as a pair for the first time in 1949 as classmates at the Moscow Ballet School, they were married in 1961.

New York Times dance critic Anna Kisselgoff described the excitement of one of Vasiliev's United States performances with the Bolshoi Ballet: "Yekaterina Maksimova and Vladimir Vasiliev burst upon New York City in 1959, the greatest of the passionate young dancers who, with Moscow's more established stars, made the Bolshoi Ballet's American debut a total triumph."

The Bolshoi tour to London in 1969 was dominated by the sensational impact of Aram Khachaturian's ballet Spartacus as choreographed by Yury Grigorovich, in which, wrote the leading critic Richard Buckle, "Maximova would melt any tyrant's heart".

The great male dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov recently paid tribute to the couple, saying Maximova, with her "elegant build, beauty, virtuosity and even more so her spontaneity and sincerity", was treated like a "rare treasure" by the indomitable Vasiliev. This gave their performances an almost sacred aura, to which audiences gratefully responded.

Vasiliev and Ekaterina Maximova gleaned wide exposure for their appearances in Franco Zeffirelli's filmed version of Giuseppe Verdi's opera La traviata of 1983. Both performed in Spanish costume, Vasiliev as a matador, in the "divertissements" composed for the equivalent of Act II, scene 2.

The couple was filmed in 1988 by French director Dominique Delouche in a film portrait "Katia et Volodia".

In 2008, the Bolshoi hosted a week-long festival dedicated to Maximova and Vasiliev's 50 years on the Bolshoi stage, during which Vasiliev commented that the secret of partnering was "the man must not get in the way of the woman – she is the most important person on stage." He added that all his life his wife had been his inspiration for two qualities: her beauty and her capacity for hard work.

The marriage lasted for 50 years, until Maximova died in 2009. They had no children.

Director of the Bolshoi ballet
In March 1995, Vasiliev was appointed the General and Artistic Director of the Bolshoi Theatre after Yury Grigorovich, artistic director of the ballet company since 1963, was dismissed by Russian President Boris Yeltsin.

Among the major projects Vasiliev has spearheaded there were such as the large scale exchange of Bolshoi and Mariinsky Ballet companies in 1998, of the Bolshoi and Paris Opera Ballet to be held, first-ever New Year Ball in the Bolshoi on 31 December 1999, foundation of the International Club of the Bolshoi Friends.

At the end of the 1990s, he was one of the first ballet directors who recognized the class and the outstanding qualities of Svetlana Zakharova, then principal dancer with the Mariinsky ballet. Svetlana Zakharova became a principal dancer with the Bolshoi Ballet in October 2003.

Vasiliev was dismissed as director of the Bolshoi Theater on 28 August 2000. He learned about his dismissal from hearing it on the radio.

Choreographer
Since his exit from the Bolshoi, Vasiliev premiered in the ballet production Lungo Viaggio Nella Notte di Natale, set to Tchaikovsky's music, in Opera di Roma, and continues to choreograph and stage new ballets.

Legacy
Vasiliev is not as well known in the west as other iconic male dancers such as Rudolf Nureyev and Mikhail Baryshnikov, because he remained in the Soviet Union and did most of his work there.
Nevertheless, his work as a classical dancer is regarded on the same level as both Nureyev and Baryshnikov. Mathias Heymann, who was promoted to principal dancer with the Paris Opera Ballet in 2009 at only 22 years old, told in an interview that he takes inspiration from watching videos of Rudolf Nureyev, whom he regards as his role model, along with Vasiliev and Baryshnikov.

Russia's influential ballet critic and choreographer Fyodor Lopukhov called Vasiliev "God of the dance" and "A miracle in art, perfection".

Performance style

On stage
Numerous roles were created for Vasiliev, and he performed throughout the world, usually partnering his wife. Among the most notable were those created by Yury Grigorovich, who gave him the principal roles in his original productions of The Tale of the Stone Flower, Spartacus, The Nutcracker, the ballet version of Ivan the Terrible, Valery Gavrilin's Anyuta (1982), and Yakov Eshpai's Angara (1976). Besides Maximova, Vasiliev's famous partners included Galina Ulanova, Maya Plisetskaya, Alicia Alonso, Carla Fracci, Rita Poelvoorde and Ambra Vallo.

Style
Having a body revealing great physical strength, Vasiliev did not embody the ideal physical form for a classical dancer.

He made enormous contributions to the development of classical male dance, embodying the strong new Bolshoi male.

"You see — at the beginning we do things only as we have seen them done," said Vasiliev at the end of Katia et Volodia, the 1988 film exploring Vasiliev's artistry and that of his wife and fellow Bolshoi luminary, Ekaterina Maximova. "Afterwards, we do them with what we find inside ourselves."

Honours and awards

Vasiliev is the first dancer to be given the award "La médaille d'or du meilleur danseur du monde" ("The Gold Medal of the World's Best Dancer") and also the only Grand Prix award winner at the Varna International Ballet Competition since winning the first competition in 1964.

Over the years, Vasiliev has received many of the most prestigious Soviet, Russian and foreign prizes, orders and highest awards including the USSR State Prize, Russian State Prize, Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" and State Order "For Merits" of France, Lithuanian State Order, Order of Rio Branco (Brazil), UNESCO Pablo Picasso Medal and others.

Awards
 1959 : Gold Medal, Festival of Youth, Vienna
 1964 : Grand Prix of Varna at the Varna International Ballet Competition
1993 : Crystal Turandot Award for theatre arts, along with Ekaterina Maximova

Filmography
 Katia et Volodia: : A Portrait in Dance with Ekaterina Maximova and Vladimir Vasiliev, film by Dominique Delouche, 58 min, 1988

See also
 List of Russian ballet dancers

References

External links

 Official website of Vladimir Vasiliev
 Vladimir Vasiliev in Spartacus 1972 (6 min 22)
 Vladimir Vasiliev - God of the dance, film, Vladimir Vasiliev's 12 best performances (42 min 12)
 Vladimir Vasiliev, profile

1940 births
20th-century Russian ballet dancers
20th-century Russian male actors
20th-century Russian poets
Living people
Dancers from Moscow
Male actors from Moscow
Choreographers of Bolshoi Theatre
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the USSR
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR winners
Recipients of the Lenin Komsomol Prize
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Recipients of the Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR
Russian choreographers
Russian male ballet dancers
Russian male film actors
Russian male painters
Russian male poets
Russian male stage actors
Russian theatre directors
Soviet choreographers
Soviet male ballet dancers
Soviet male film actors
Soviet male poets
Soviet male stage actors
Soviet painters

Vladimir Vasiliev (dancer)


Mayangnokcha Ao (1901–1988) was an Indian educationist and writer from Nagaland and the founder, vice president of the Naga National Council.

Early life
Hailing from the Ao Naga tribe, born in Changki village, Nagaland, he was the first graduate from the tribe and the first Naga headmaster of the Impur Mission Training M. E. School, the oldest school in the region, where he served from 1927 to 1940. In 1948, he was appointed as the headmaster of the Government High School Mokokchung. He was a member of the team which translated the Old Testament into Naga language and was the translator of the Psalms.

Public life
The British Government awarded Mayangnokcha the 'Certificate of Gallantry' in 1945 and the 'Member of British Empire' MBE in 1946. The Government of India conferred on him the President's 'Best teacher' award in 1964, and awarded Mayangnokcha the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1984.

In 1966, Ao was part of the five member-Nagaland Peace Commission formed in Kohima as an initiative of the Nagaland Baptist Church Council. It passed a resolution asking government authorities and public to strengthen peace work in Nagaland. Along with Ao, Vizol Koso, Nabakrushna Choudhuri, Lakshmi N. Menon, and Nivukha were part of the commission. They met the Naga underground leaders at Chedema.

Death
On 29 February 1988, he died at the age of 86. His life has been documented in a biography, Mayangnokcha, the Pathfinder and the Government High School Mokokchung was renamed after him on 16 June 1994 as Mayangnokcha High School.

Legacy
The Mayangnokcha Award Trust was instituted in 1993 to felicitate toppers in the state Higher Secondary Certificate exams conducted by the Nagaland Board of School Education. In 2021, five awards were conferred on students: academic excellence (overall topper), and subject toppers in Ao Naga language, Science, Mathematics, and English. They were awarded to Keneino Thorie, Atula W. Mongro, Yimyatetla Longkumer, Vibeli K. Achumi, and Tiamong Aier respectively.

References

Further reading

Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
1901 births
1987 deaths
Naga people
20th-century Indian translators
Indian social reformers
Scottish Church College alumni
Writers from Nagaland
20th-century Indian educational theorists

Mayangnokcha Ao


Anais Garcia Balmaña (born September 29, 1980 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a disability: she is blind.  When she was born, one eye had glaucoma and one eye was detached. She is an B1/S11 type swimmer. She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  She was in the number 3 team to finish in the 4 x 100 meter medley 49 Points relay race. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She was the number one swimmer to finish in the 100 meter freestyle and 400 meter freestyle races. She  raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She was the number one swimmer to finish in the 100 meter freestyle race. She competed at the  IBSA World Blind Swimming Championships in 2003.  She created 3 world records. One was in the 4x50 meter freestyle S11-S13 race.  Another world record was in the 800 meter freestyle S11 race.  The number three world record was in the 4x50 meter medley, S11-S13 race.

References

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1980 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
1996 Summer Paralympics
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type S11
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B1
Sportspeople from Barcelona

Anais García Balmaña


The Straw Hat Riot of 1922 was a riot that occurred  in New York City at the end of the summer as a result of unwritten rules in men's fashions at the time, and a tradition of taunting people who had failed to stop wearing straw hats after autumn began.  Originating as a series of minor riots, it spread due to men wearing straw hats past the unofficial date that was deemed socially acceptable, September 15. It lasted eight days, leading to many arrests and some injuries.

Background

Straw hats had appeared in the 19th century as summertime wear, usually in connection to summer sporting events such as boating (hence the name boater). Soft Panama hats were likewise derived from tropical attire but began to be worn as informal summer attire. Initially it was not considered good form for men to wear these in big cities even at the height of summer (women's hats were different). By the early 20th century, straw boaters were considered acceptable day attire in North American cities at the height of summer even for businessmen, but there was an unwritten rule that one was not supposed to wear a straw hat past September 15 (which was known as "Felt Hat Day").

This date was arbitrary; earlier it had been September 1, but it eventually shifted to mid-month. It was socially acceptable for stockbrokers to destroy each other's hats, due to the fact that they were "companions", but it was not acceptable for total strangers. If any man was seen wearing a straw hat, he was, at minimum, subjecting himself to ridicule, and it was a tradition for youths to knock straw hats off wearers' heads and stomp on them. This tradition became well established, and newspapers of the day would often warn people of the impending approach of the fifteenth, when men would have to switch to felt or silk hats.
Hat bashing was only socially acceptable after September 15, but there were multiple occasions leading up to this date where the police had to intervene and stop teenagers.

Riot
The riot itself began on September 13, 1922, two days before the supposed unspoken date, when a group of youths decided to get an early jump on the tradition. This group began in the former "Mulberry Bend" area of Manhattan by removing and stomping hats worn by factory workers who were employed in the area. The more innocuous stomping turned into a brawl when the youths tried to stomp a group of dock workers' hats, and the dock workers fought back. The brawl soon stopped traffic on the Manhattan Bridge and was eventually broken up by police, leading to some arrests.

Although the initial brawl was broken up by police, the fights continued to escalate the next evening. Gangs of teenagers prowled the streets wielding large sticks, sometimes with a nail driven through the top for hooking hats, looking for pedestrians wearing straw hats and beating those who resisted. One man claimed that his hat was taken and the group who had taken his hat joined a mob of about 1,000 that was snatching hats all along Amsterdam Avenue.

Several men were hospitalized from the beatings they received after resisting having their hats taken, and many arrests were made. Police were slow to respond to the riots, although several off-duty police officers found themselves caught up in the brawl when rioters attempted to snatch their hats. Two or three boys were accosted by pedestrians who said that their straw hats had been smashed; the boys were arrested.

Aftermath
Many of those taken to court following arrests related to the hat-snatching frenzy opted to be fined rather than serve time in jail. The longest recorded time one of the teens was sent to jail was three days served by an "A. Silverman", who was sentenced by Magistrate Peter A. Hatting during night court.

In one incident, a group of boys armed with sticks attacked people near 109th Street. Seven youths brought to the East 104th Street police station were under 15 and were not arrested. Their parents were summoned to administer corporal punishment. After the station dealt with the original riot, all stations were told to keep an eye out for hat-snatching teenagers. E.C. Jones claimed to have seen around 1,000 teenagers in a mob roaming around Amsterdam Avenue. One victim, Harry Gerber, was kicked so badly he had to be hospitalized.

The tradition of hat smashing continued for some time after the riots of 1922. In 1924, a man was murdered for wearing a straw hat. 1925 also saw  arrests made in New York.

That the activity died out is probably connected with the disappearance of the tradition of the seasonal switch from straw to felt hats. While Panama hats remained in fashion during the 1930s, the straw boater became less fashionable.

Straw hats for men continued to be manufactured but they were more similar to hats such as the Panama, trilby or fedora in shape. By the 1950s the classic straw boater was virtually extinct as a garment, except in specialized circumstances such as the uniform of certain English public schools or university and college sportswear.

See also
 Zoot Suit Riot
 Hard Hat Riot
 List of incidents of civil unrest in New York City
 List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

References

External links
 Archived New York Times article

Riots and civil disorder in New York City
American fashion
History of fashion
1922 riots
1922 in New York City
September 1922 events

Straw Hat Riot


Roy Bernard Kester (September 11, 1882 - October 21, 1965) was an American accountant, and Professor of accounting at the Columbia University. He is known as a prolific author in the field of accounting.

Biography
Born in Cameron, Missouri to Julius B. and Jessie M. Corn Kester, Kester attended Cameron High School, and obtained his BA in economics in 1902 at Missouri Wesleyan College. About a decade later he obtained another BA from the University of Denver, in 1911. He continued his studies at Columbia University, where he obtained his MA in 1912 and his PhD in 1919. In between, in 1914, he obtained his CPA license for the State of Colorado.

Kester had started his academic career at the Missouri Wesleyan College in 1902, and from 1907 he was also lecturer at East Denver High School and subsequently at the University of Denver. In 1915 he moved to Columbia University in New York City, where he worked his way up from Assistant Professor in 1919, to Associate Professor in 1920, and to Full Professor in 1922. He served until his retirement in 1948. Among his PhD students was Henry Whitcomb Sweeney (1898-1967). From 1911 on, Kester also was working as a practising public accountant, and had joined the New York accountancy firm Boyce, Hughes and Farrell in 1917.

Kester was elected vice president of the American Accounting Association from 1922 to 1925, and served as its president during 1925. From 1925 to 1928 he served at the National Academy of Arbitrators as director of research in cost and management accounting, as successor of Professor Gould Harris of New York. In 1941 Kester was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Baker University. He was inducted into the Accounting Hall of Fame in 1957.

Selected publications
 Kester, Roy Bernard. Accounting theory and practice. Vol. 2. The Ronald Press Company, 1918.
 Kester, Roy Bernard. Depreciation. No. 28. Ronald Press Company, 1924.
 Kester, Roy Bernard. Advanced accounting, with practice problems. (1946).

References

External links
 Roy Bernard Kester, The Accounting Hall of Fame

1882 births
1965 deaths
American accountants
American business theorists
Accounting academics
University of Denver alumni
Columbia University alumni
People from Cameron, Missouri

Roy B. Kester