Robin Currie McBryde (born 3 July 1970), is a rugby union former player and coach. He gained 37 caps for Wales. He played hooker.

Background
McBryde was born in north Wales.

He is a fluent Welsh speaker.

McBryde worked as an overhead linesman before becoming a professional rugby player.

Rugby playing career
McBryde first played club rugby for Bangor RFC, Porthaethwy and for the North Wales team. He then moved to South Wales in search of a higher standard of rugby. He joined Swansea then moved to Llanelli, making his first appearance for the club on 1 October 1994 against Cardiff. He captained Llanelli when they won the Welsh Cup in 1998 and the Welsh Championship in 1999 and later played for the Llanelli Scarlets regional side when they were formed in 2003. He played 250 games for Llanelli and the Scarlets between 1994 and 2005.

He won his first cap for Wales against Fiji in 1994. His last international appearance was as a replacement in the match against Ireland in March 2005 which saw Wales clinch the Grand Slam.

He was selected for the 2001 British Lions tour to Australia, appearing against Western Australia, Queensland Presidents XV, Australia A and New South Wales, before he was unfortunately forced out of the tour by injury and replaced by Dorian West.

In August 2005 he announced his retirement from rugby following surgery to remove a disc from the top of his spine.

Rugby coaching career
After retiring from playing, McBryde was appointed coach of the Scarlets Regional Under 18 team.

He was subsequently appointed forwards coach for the Welsh national team. In June 2009 he was caretaker head coach of the Wales national team for the two match North American tour during Warren Gatland's absence as assistant coach to the British & Irish Lions. Wales won both matches against Canada and USA. He will again be caretaker head coach for interim head coach Rob Howley who is currently filling in for Warren Gatland. Both Gatland and Howley are coached in the 2013 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia.

It was announced that he would join Leinster rugby as an Assistant coach after the 2019 Rugby World Cup.

Other notable roles and work
McBryde won the "Wales' strongest man" competition in 1992.

In 2007, McBryde took over the role of Grand Sword Bearer at the National Eisteddfod of Wales, Wales's ancient gathering of bards, from Ray Gravell.

References

External links
Wales profile

1970 births
Living people
Bards of the Gorsedd
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales
Llanelli RFC players
People educated at Ysgol Tryfan
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Bangor, Gwynedd
Scarlets players
Swansea RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Wales national rugby union team coaches
Welsh rugby union coaches
Welsh rugby union players
2003 Rugby World Cup players
Bangor RFC (Wales) players

Robin McBryde


is a former professional bowler. She was born in Kusatsu, Gunma, Japan. She later moved to Kagoshima which is her parents' hometown. Nakayama became a member of the Japan Professional Bowling Association in 1969, representing Tokyo Tower Bowling Center.

During her professional bowling career, Nakayama accumulated 33 wins. She attained the number-one rank among JPBA female bowlers in 1969 (avg. 197.6) and 1970 (avg. 199.2), and was ranked among the top-three from 1969 to 1973.

On August 21, 1970, Nakayama rolled a perfect 300 game on Japanese national television, becoming the first woman ever to perform the feat in any television market. (It took nearly 27 years before Michelle Feldman rolled the first American television 300-game in 1997.) She rolled the game during a tournament match, aired on the bowling show Ladies Challenge Bowl (October 1969 to March 1975,) at Fuchū Star Lanes. By the end of 1970, she earned the Japan Professional Sports Award for outstanding achievement.

Because of her 300-game, Nakayama became very famous in Japan, and would eventually boost the sport of bowling. In 1970, she appeared in a shampoo commercial, and also had a song written about her, titled Sawayaka Ritsuko-san (さわやか律子さん). She was a guest judge for the 21st NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (1970), as well as a guest presenter for the 13th Japan Record Awards (1971). In 1971, TBS aired the Japanese television drama Beautiful Challenger, the storyline covering an office lady who joins the company bowling club and competes with other clubs. Both Nakayama, as well as Rie Ishii appeared in the drama series as themselves.

Nakayama also held a female world's record for a three-game series of 824 (268, 257 and 299), setting the record on July 15, 1971.

Nakayama's arch rival was Kayoko Suda (須田開代子).

In 1990, Nakayama was forced to retire from bowling full-time, due to injury to her right shoulder and left knee (her sliding leg). Still, in 1994, she was able to place 4th in The Prince Cup. 1994 was also the year Nakayama celebrated her 25th anniversary as a professional.

Today, Nakayama no longer competes in JPBA tournaments. She is, however, very involved in the operations side of bowling in Japan. Nakayama was president of the JPBA until 2012. She is a co-founder and current president of the Japan Ladies Bowling Club (JLBC) - an organization she and Suda created. She is also vice-president of the Bowling Council of Japan (BCJ.) She is also a co-founder of P★League, along with the JPBA and JBC.

References

External links
 Official site

1942 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gunma Prefecture
Sportspeople from Kagoshima Prefecture
Japanese ten-pin bowling players

Ritsuko Nakayama


Picodon is a goats-milk cheese made in the region around the Rhône in southern France. The name means "spicy" in Occitan.

The cheese itself comes in a number of varieties, each small, flat and circular in shape varying from speckled white to golden in colour. Between  in diameter and between  in height, they range from around 40 to 100 grams. The pâte of the cheese is spicy and unusually dry, whilst retaining a smooth, fine texture.

Whilst young the cheese has a soft white rind and has a gentle, fresh taste. If aged for longer, the cheese can lose half of its weight resulting in a golden rind with a much harder centre and a more concentrated flavour.

 Varieties

Picodon is manufactured in a number of varieties, each conforming to the AOC regulations. These include:Picodon de l'Ardèche - (40-60g) the most common variety, with noticeable acidity.Picodon de Crest - (60g) made with the highest quality milk giving a stronger flavour.Picodon du Dauphiné - generally sold well matured.Picodon de Dieulefit - (40-90g) sold in both young and mature varieties.Picodon de la Drôme - (45g) low acidity, with both salty and sweet flavours.Picodon à l'huile d'olive' - marinated in bay and olive oil.

 Manufacture

The lower valley of the Rhône is mostly too dry for the production of wine, but ideal for goats to feast on the sparse grass and hardy bushes that are scattered along the hillsides.

Picodon is made from milk with only a small quantity of rennet added before being poured into small moulds dotted with tiny holes. Lactic protein, frozen curd, and concentrated or powdered milk are all prohibited by regulation. The cheese is twice salted using fine, dry salt. The cheese is left to dry for at least fourteen days, although four weeks is more common.

Cheeses labelled with affinage méthode Dieulefit (after the commune of Dieulefit) indicates that the affinage included hand-washing the surface of the cheese with water, following which the cheese is left to mature in covered earthenware jars for at least a month.

Production is fermier, artisanal, and industriel, and the final product is a minimum of 45% fat. Picodon is manufactured throughout the year, although fermier'' production only occurs between spring and autumn. In total 584 tons were produced in 2005.

Manufacture primarily takes place in the departments of Ardèche and Drôme, though regulations also permit the canton of Barjac in Gard and Valréas in Vaucluse.

AOC status was granted in 1983.

See also
Pélardon
 List of goat milk cheeses

References

French cheeses
Occitan cheeses
French products with protected designation of origin
Goat's-milk cheeses
Massif Central

Picodon


Old Bet (d. 1816) was a female African elephant. She was the second elephant in America. She was the first to be known by a name. She was about four years old when she arrived in Boston on 24 June 1804.  She was owned by Edward Savage and exhibited by him in 1805. He sold her to Hachaliah Bailey for a reported $10,000. Bailey sold her but bought her back.

He leased her to others for exhibition for the rest of her life. On 25 June 1812, she appeared with the Cayetano and Company circus in New York City and thus became the first elephant to be displayed in a circus in America. She was exhibited for years and earned a considerable amount of money.

Old Bet was shot and killed in Shapleigh, Maine, on 26 June 1816 by Daniel Davis, a farmer who claimed the elephant was taking dollars out of the local economy. Bailey raised a monument to Old Bet at his Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York. Her skeleton was displayed in New York City in 1817, and was later acquired by P. T. Barnum for his American Museum.

Notes

References
 Ogden, Tom. 1993. Two Hundred Years of the American Circus. Facts On File, Inc.

Individual elephants

Old Bet


Azad Hind was the name of an Indian government, which was established in Singapore, in 1943. Its English name is usually Provisional Government of Free India. It was very dependent on its ally, the Empire of Japan. They fought the Burma campaign together. After the Second World War, the Azad Hind stopped existing.

1940s in India

Azad Hind


Michael Lysko is the former commissioner of the Canadian Football League. Hailing from Aylmer, Ontario and a graduate from the University of Waterloo, Lysko served as vice president of The Gem Group for three years until November 1, 2000, in which he signed a three-year contract worth $750,000, replacing Jeff Giles. Among the goals Lysko had was to bring an expansion team to Ottawa, which had not seen a CFL franchise since the Ottawa Rough Riders folded in 1996. On October 21, 2001, the Ottawa Renegades was formed, but instability in the franchise led to its folding in 2006. However, on March 20, 2002, Lysko was fired as commissioner after he made comments towards the Toronto Argonauts regarding their hiring of Garth Drabinsky as a consultant; the deal with Drabinsky, who had been under investigation for alleged fraud, was regarded by Lysko as a "deal with the devil." Argonauts owner Sherwood Schwarz called for Lysko's firing, and he was unanimously voted to be fired by the board of governors. Lysko had spent only 15 months as commissioner, and is the only commissioner in league history to be fired by the board.

After his firing, Lysko became the director of athletics at the University of Western Ontario, which included the renovations of TD Waterhouse Stadium, Alumni Hall and Thames Hall. However, Lysko left the position on July 20, 2007, citing his intentions to move close to his wife Kathryn's parents as among the reasons for his departure.

See also
 List of University of Waterloo people

References

Living people
University of Waterloo alumni
Canadian Football League commissioners
Academic staff of the University of Western Ontario
Year of birth missing (living people)

Michael Lysko


Sir Philip Dawson (6 October 1866 – 24 September 1938) was a British electrical engineer and Conservative politician.

Following education at Ghent and Liège Universities, Dawson became a member of the Institutes of Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineers. He became a partner in the firm of Kincaid, Waller, Manville and Dawson, consulting engineers. He worked on dock developments and electrical supply and traction projects throughout the British Empire, on the continent of Europe and in South America. He was engaged in the electrification of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway, and was awarded the George Stephenson Medal by the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Gold Medal by the Institute of Transport. Dawson developed an ability to converse in French, German, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese and Russian.

In 1902 Dawson moved to Sydenham, South London. He received a commission in the Volunteer Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and becoming commanding officer of the 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Royal West Kent Regiment.

During the First World War Dawson worked for the Ministry of Munitions, and was a member of the Water Power Resources Committee of the Board of Trade.
In 1919 he was made a chevalier of the Belgian Order of Leopold for technical services rendered during the war, and in the 1920 Birthday Honours was knighted by George V for his work with the Disposal and Liquidation Commission.

He became involved in Conservative politics, and was elected to the London County Council as a member of the Conservative-backed Municipal Reform Party, representing Lewisham West in 1919.

In 1921, Sir Edward Coates, the sitting Member of Parliament (MP) for Lewisham West, died suddenly. Dawson was elected as Conservative MP at the ensuing by-election. He held the seat at successive elections until his death. He was described as being on the "right centre" of the Conservative Party. In 1935 his opposition to the Government of India Act nearly led to break with the party. Dawson was an admirer of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, and in April 1938 he became chairman of the newly formed Anglo-Italian Parliamentary Committee.

In June 1927 Dawson operating from St. Stephen's House, Victoria Embankment, Westminster S.W.1. prepared a report, addressed to Sir Felix J. C. Pole, General Manager, Great Western Railway, Paddington Station, W.2.  Entitled Electrification of the Main Line Taunton to Penzance and Branches West of Taunton.

In September 1938 he attended the Inter-Parliamentary Business Congress in Warsaw. On his journey home he was taken ill with a heart complaint, and died in a Berlin nursing home on 24 September, aged 71.

References

External links

Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of London County Council
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment officers
British electrical engineers
1938 deaths
1866 births
Municipal Reform Party politicians

Philip Dawson


Fluorouracil (5-FU, 5-fluorouracil), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a cytotoxic chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. As a cream it is used for actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and skin warts.

Side effects of use by injection are common. They may include inflammation of the mouth, loss of appetite, low blood cell counts, hair loss, and inflammation of the skin. When used as a cream, irritation at the site of application usually occurs. Use of either form in pregnancy may harm the fetus. Fluorouracil is in the antimetabolite and pyrimidine analog families of medications. How it works is not entirely clear, but it is believed to involve blocking the action of thymidylate synthase and thus stopping the production of DNA.

Fluorouracil was patented in 1956 and came into medical use in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Medical uses

Fluorouracil has been given systemically for anal, breast, colorectal, oesophageal, stomach, pancreatic and skin cancers (especially head and neck cancers). It has also been given topically (on the skin) for actinic keratoses, skin cancers and Bowen's disease, and as eye drops for treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Other uses include ocular injections into a previously created trabeculectomy bleb to inhibit healing and cause scarring of tissue, thus allowing adequate aqueous humor flow to reduce intraocular pressure.

Contraindications
Fluorouracil is contraindicated in patients who are severely debilitated and in patients with bone marrow suppression due to either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It is likewise contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Non-topical use, i.e.  administration by injection, should be avoided in patients who do not have malignant illnesses.

Adverse effects
Adverse effects by frequency include:

During systemic use
Common (> 1% frequency):
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea (see below for details)
 Mucositis
 Headache
 Hand-foot syndrome
 Myelosuppression (see below for details)
 Alopecia (hair loss)
 Photosensitivity
 Maculopapular eruption
 Itch
 Cardiotoxicity (see below for details)
 Persistent hiccups
 Mood disorders (irritability, anxiety, depression)

Uncommon (0.1–1% frequency):

 Oesophagitis
 GI ulceration and bleeding
 Proctitis
 Nail disorders
 Vein pigmentation
 Confusion
 Cerebellar syndrome
 Encephalopathy
 Visual changes
 Photophobia
 Lacrimation (the expulsion of tears without any emotional or physiologic reason)

Rare (< 0.1% frequency):
 Anaphylaxis
 Allergic reactions
 Fever without signs of infection
 Mania, reversible dementia

Diarrhea is severe and may be dose-limiting and is exacerbated by co-treatment with calcium folinate. Neutropenia tends to peak about 9–14 days after beginning treatment. Thrombocytopenia tends to peak about 7–17 days after the beginning of treatment and tends to recover about 10 days after its peak. Cardiotoxicity is a fairly common side effect, usually manifesting as angina or symptoms associated with coronary artery spasm, but about 0.55% of those receiving the drug will develop life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Life-threatening cardiotoxicity includes: arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest, secondary to transmural ischaemia.

During topical use
Common (> 1% frequency):

 Local pain
 Itchiness
 Burning
 Stinging
 Crusting
 Weeping
 Dermatitis
 Photosensitivity

Uncommon (0.1–1% frequency):
 Hyper- or hypopigmentation
 Scarring

Neurological damage
The United States package insert warns that acute cerebellar syndrome has been observed following injection of fluorouracil and may persist after cessation of treatment. Symptoms include ataxia, nystagmus, and dysmetria.

Potential overdose
There is very little difference between the minimum effective dose and maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU, and the drug exhibits marked individual pharmacokinetic variability. Therefore, an identical dose of 5-FU may result in a therapeutic response with acceptable toxicity in some patients and unacceptable and possibly life-threatening toxicity in others. Both overdosing and underdosing are of concern with 5-FU, although several studies have shown that the majority of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU are underdosed based on today's dosing standard, body surface area (BSA). The limitations of BSA-based dosing prevent oncologists from being able to accurately titer the dosage of 5-FU for the majority of individual patients, which results in sub-optimal treatment efficacy or excessive toxicity.

Numerous studies have found significant relationships between concentrations of 5-FU in blood plasma and both desirable or undesirable effects on patients. Studies have also shown that dosing based on the concentration of 5-FU in plasma can greatly increase desirable outcomes while minimizing negative side effects of 5-FU therapy. One such test that has been shown to successfully monitor 5-FU plasma levels and which "may contribute to improved efficacy and safety of commonly used 5-FU-based chemotherapies" is the My5-FU test.

Interactions

It may increase the INR and prothrombin times in people on warfarin. Fluorouracil's efficacy is decreased when used alongside allopurinol, which can be used to decrease fluorouracil induced stomatitis through use of allopurinol mouthwash.

Pharmacology

Pharmacogenetics

The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme is responsible for the detoxifying metabolism of fluoropyrimidines, a class of drugs that includes 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, and tegafur. Genetic variations within the DPD gene (DPYD) can lead to reduced or absent DPD activity, and individuals who are heterozygous or homozygous for these variations may have partial or complete DPD deficiency; an estimated 0.2% of individuals have complete DPD deficiency. Those with partial or complete DPD deficiency have a significantly increased risk of severe or even fatal drug toxicities when treated with fluoropyrimidines; examples of toxicities include myelosuppression, neurotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome.

Mechanism of action
5-FU acts in several ways, but principally as a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor. Interrupting the action of this enzyme blocks synthesis of the pyrimidine thymidylate (dTMP), which is a nucleotide required for DNA replication. Thymidylate synthase methylates deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to form thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). Administration of 5-FU causes a scarcity in dTMP, so rapidly dividing cancerous cells undergo cell death via thymineless death. Calcium folinate provides an exogenous source of reduced folinates and hence stabilises the 5-FU-TS complex, hence enhancing 5-FU's cytotoxicity.

History
In 1954, Abraham Cantarow and Karl Paschkis found liver tumors absorbed radioactive uracil more readily than did normal liver cells. Charles Heidelberger, who had earlier found that fluorine in fluoroacetic acid inhibited a vital enzyme, asked Robert Duschinsky and Robert Schnitzer at Hoffmann-La Roche to synthesize fluorouracil. Some credit Heidelberger and Duschinsky with the discovery that 5-fluorouracil markedly inhibited tumors in mice. The original 1957 report
In 1958, Anthony R. Curreri, Fred J. Ansfield, Forde A. McIver, Harry A. Waisman, and Charles Heidelberger reported the first clinical findings of 5-FU's activity in cancer in humans.

Natural analogues
In 2003, scientists isolated 5-fluorouracil derivatives, closely related compounds, from the marine sponge, Phakellia fusca, collected around Yongxing Island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. This is significant because fluorine-containing organic compounds are rare in nature, and  also because manmade anticancer drugs are not frequently found to have analogues in nature.

Interactive pathway map

Names
The name "fluorouracil" is the INN, USAN, USP name, and BAN. The form "5-fluorouracil" is often used; it shows that there is a fluorine atom on the 5th carbon of a uracil ring.

References

Further reading

External links

Fluoropyrimidines
Nucleobases
Organofluorides
Pyrimidine antagonists
Pyrimidinediones
Thymidylate synthase inhibitors
Uracil derivatives
World Health Organization essential medicines
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Fluorouracil


Batgirl (Barbara Gordon) is a fictional Batman character who is the female crime solving-partner for Batman. She is the daughter of police commissioner James Gordon. In some cases she is either crippled or she gets killed by the Scarecrow or by The Joker.

She was played by Alicia Silverstone in Batman & Robin. She was voiced by Tara Strong in some animated movies such as in Batman: The Killing Joke. Leslie Grace was going to play the character in the cancelled DC Extended Universe movie Batgirl.

Other websites

 Canarynoir: Home of Birdwatching – Birds of Prey
 Television Obscurities - Batgirl and the Batman Phenomenon

Batman characters
DC Comics superheroes
DC Comics characters

Batgirl


Geoffrey Lilley Smith (born 1955) FRS FMedSci FRSB is a British virologist and medical research authority in the area of Vaccinia virus and the family of Poxviruses. Since 1 October 2011 he is head of the Department of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and a principal research fellow of the Wellcome Trust. Before that, he was head of the Department of Virology at Imperial College London.

Education
Smith was educated at the Bootham School in York and completed his bachelor's degree at the University of Leeds in 1977.  In 1981 he was awarded a PhD in Virology for research completed at the National Institute for Medical Research.

Career and research
Between 1981 and 1984, while he was working in the United States under the National Institutes of Health, Smith developed and pioneered the use of genetically engineered live vaccines. Between 1985 and 1989 he lectured at the University of Cambridge. During 2002 Smith sequenced a strain of Camelpox showing how close it was to human Smallpox.

Prior to 2002, he was based at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the University of Oxford. Between 1988 and 1992 his work was funded by the Jenner Fellowship from The Lister Institute; he became a governor of the Institute in 2003.

Smith was editor-in-chief of the Journal of General Virology up until 2008 and chairs the World Health Organization's Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research. In 2009 Smith was elected as one of the founding members of the new European Academy of Microbiology and the following year was elected as a corresponding member of the . Until 2011 he was the head of the Department of Virology at Imperial College London. As of 2011 Smith became president of the International Union of Microbiological Societies.

Andrew H. Wyllie had been the previous holder of the head of the Department of Pathology at Cambridge until retirement in September 2011.

Publications

Awards and honours
In 2002, Smith was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 2005 was awarded the Feldburg Foundation Prize for his work on poxviruses. Since 2010, he is a founding member of the European Academy of Microbiology. In 2011 he was elected as a fellow of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In June 2012 Smith was awarded the 2012 GlaxoSmithKline International Member of the Year Award by the American Society for Microbiology.

Personal life
His maternal grandfather was Ralph Lilley Turner, director of the School of Oriental Studies and a philologist of Indian languages.

References

Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellows
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
British virologists
National Institute for Medical Research faculty
1955 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology
Alumni of the University of Leeds

Geoffrey L. Smith


Anathyrosis is the technical word for the ancient method of dressing the joints of stone blocks in dry stone construction, i. e., masonry without mortar, which was then commonly used. Because the stone blocks are set in immediate contact with each other without gaps, their joints must be exactly dressed. In order to reduce the time required to sculpt such joints, the faces of the stones to be joined were finished and smoothed only in narrower margins on the sides and top of the faces to be joined, while the interior of adjoining faces were recessed. The smoothed margins of such a face together resemble a doorframe, and the word, created by the ancients, is allusive.  Thyra (θύρα) is Greek for "door", and thus "door framing" is anathyrosis.

This technique was frequently used to construct walls, including in ashlar form, and was used to join the drums of columns. Close examination of where this technique was applied to a specific stone block since removed or fallen away can help locate its placement in the edifice or determine whether it was joined to other blocks.

References

Robertson, D. S.  1929. Handbook of Greek and Roman Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rykwert, Joseph 1996. The Dancing Column. The MIT Press.

External links

Architectural elements
Ancient Greek architecture
Stonemasonry

Anathyrosis


Lorenzo Morris (August 14, 1817 Smithfield, Madison County, New York – October 2, 1903 Fredonia, Chautauqua County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was the son of David Morris. The family removed to a farm near Mayville, New York in 1829. He attended the public schools and graduated from Mayville Academy in 1836. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1841, and practiced in Jamestown. In 1844, he returned to Mayville, and in 1852, removed to Fredonia. He was Postmaster of Fredonia from 1854 to 1860.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (32nd D.) in 1868 and 1869. He was a member of the Constitutional Commission of 1872–73.

He was buried at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Fredonia.

Sources
 The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner (1870; pg. 444) [gives wrong first name "Lewis"]
 Life Sketches of the State Officers, Senators, and Members of the Assembly of the State of New York in 1868 by S. R. Harlow & S. C. Hutchins (pg. 109ff)
 Courts and Lawyers of New York: A History, 1609–1925 by Alden Chester & Edwin Melvin Williams (Vol. I; pg. 713ff, "The Constitutional Commission of 1872")
 Pomfret by Todd Langworthy ("Images of America" series, Arcadia Publishing, 2008, pg. 25) [with portrait]
 Obituary Notes; Ex-State Senator LORENZO MORRIS... in NYT on October 3, 1903
 The Democratic Party in the State of New York by James K. McGuire (1905; Vol. III, pg. 456f)

External links

1817 births
1903 deaths
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
People from Smithfield, New York
New York (state) postmasters
People from Mayville, New York
People from Fredonia, New York
Politicians from Jamestown, New York
19th-century American politicians

Lorenzo Morris


Clan Galbraith is a Scots clan. The clan daes no hae a chief recognised bi the Lord Lyon Keeng o Airms. Acause o this, the clan is considered an armigerous clan, an as sic Clan Galbraith haes nae standin unner Scots Law. The clan-name o Galbraith is o Gaelic oreegin, housomeivver its meanin denotes the bearer as o Breetish oreegin, as opposed tae Gaelic. The early Galbraiths wur centred in the Lennox destrict, which spans the Hieland an Lawland border o Scotland. The 17t chief o the clan brocht ruin tae the clan in the late 16t an early 17t century, an eventually lost his lands an fled Scotland for Ireland. His grandson, the 19t chief, wis the last chief o Clan Galbraith.

Galbraith
Galbraith

Clan Galbraith


Yossef (Joseph) Cedar (Hebrew: יוסף סידר; born August 31, 1968) is an Israeli film director and screenwriter.

Biography
Cedar was born to an Orthodox Jewish family in New York City. His father is biochemist Howard Cedar. When Joseph was 6, his family moved to Israel, and he grew up in the Bayit VeGan neighborhood in Jerusalem. He studied in a Yeshiva High School. In the Israeli army he served as a paratrooper. After graduating in philosophy and history of theatre from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he studied cinema studies at New York University.

Film career
When he returned to Israel, he started working on the screenplay for his debut film, Time of Favor (2000), for which he moved and lived for two years in the Israeli settlement Dolev. The film won six Ophir Awards, including Best Picture.

His second film was Campfire (2004), which won five Ophir Awards including Best Picture, with two, Best Director and Best Screenplay, going to Cedar. For Beaufort (2007), his third film, he received the Silver Bear award for Best Director in the Berlin International Film Festival. Beaufort received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film, the first such nomination for an Israeli film in 24 years. It received four Ophir Awards and was based on Cedar's own experiences during his army service on Israel's border with Lebanon.

His film Footnote premiered In Competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Cedar is an Orthodox Jew. His films are known to touch delicate issues of Israeli society. Israeli critic Yair Rave wrote, "One of the reasons I like Cedar's films so much is... his ability to merge the Israeli spirit... with the universal cinematic codes."

Awards and recognition
He has won a Silver Bear and an Ophir Award for Best Director, and an Ophir Award for writing a Best Screenplay. He also won the best screenplay award at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival for his film Footnote (2011).

Filmography
Time of Favor (2000)
Campfire (2004)
Beaufort (2007)
Footnote (2011)
Norman (2016)

Television
Our Boys (2019)-producer and director.

References

External links

 Joseph Cedar is in the Oscar running, Los Angeles Times interview

1968 births
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli film directors
Israeli male screenwriters
Mass media people from Jerusalem
American Orthodox Jews
Living people
Silver Bear for Best Director recipients
American emigrants to Israel
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay winners

Joseph Cedar


The Yount-Lee Oil Company, founded in 1914, was the successor  to the Yount-Rothwell Oil Company which had been formed earlier by Miles Franklin Yount and Talbot Frederick Rothwell.  It was part of the Texas Oil Boom period.

History
Yount headed up the new enterprise, and counted among his partners: Thomas Peter Lee, William Ellsworth Lee, Emerson Francis Woodward, Talbot Frederick Rothwell, John Henry Phelan, Beeman Ewell Strong, Frank E. Thomas, and Maximilian Theodore Schlicher.

With a new fusion of capital provided by T. P. Lee, Yount was confident that the Spindletop oil field in southeast Texas had not been tapped out, so he set about acquiring large tracts of land in the area.

In 1925, the company's No. 2 McFaddin well struck oil at about 2,500 feet, producing 1500 BOPD and sparking a second Spindletop oil boom. Subsequent successes made the company the largest Gulf Coast producer in 1927.

Yount went on to acquire mineral rights in several of the Gulf Coast's major fields. He also built the infrastructure necessary to ship his company's oil to destinations around the world from his headquarters in Beaumont, Texas.

Before his death in 1933, Yount, his business partners and associates, had built the company into one of the largest and most successful independent oil operators in the country. Within two years, on July 31, 1935, the stockholders sold Yount-Lee Oil Company for $46.2 million to Houston attorney, Wright Francis Morrow, who immediately began to parcel off the assets. Stanolind Oil, later a part of Amoco, bought most of the oil inventory and oil-producing properties for over $41 million, which at the time represented one of the largest financial transactions in American business history.

References

 McKinley, Fred B., and Greg Riley. Black Gold to Bluegrass: From the Oil Fields of Texas to Spindletop Farm of Kentucky. Austin: Eakin Press, 2005.

Defunct oil companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Texas
Petroleum in Texas
Energy companies established in 1914
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1914
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1935
Amoco
Energy companies disestablished in 1935
1914 establishments in Texas
1935 disestablishments in Texas
1935 mergers and acquisitions

Yount-Lee Oil Company


Monique Andrée Serf (9 June 1930 – 24 November 1997), known as Barbara, was a French singer. She took her stage name from her grandmother, Varvara Brodsky, a native of Odesa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). Barbara became a famous cabaretière in the late 1950s in Paris, known as  ('the midnight singer'), before she started composing her own tracks, which brought her to fame. Her most famous songs include "Dis, quand reviendras-tu ?" (1962), "Ma plus belle histoire d'amour" (1966) and "L'Aigle noir" (1970), the latter of which sold over 1 million copies in just twelve hours.

Childhood
Born on Rue Brochant in Paris to a Jewish family, Barbara lived in northwestern Paris as a child. She then lived in Roanne from 1938 and Tarbes from 1941. Barbara was 13 years old when she had to go into hiding during the German occupation of France in World War II. Her family was hidden by the family of conductor Jean-Paul Penin from 1943 to 1945, first in Préaux and then in Saint-Marcellin.

After the war ended, Barbara's family came back to Paris in 1946, on Rue Vitruve in the 20th arrondissement. Her childhood dream was to become a pianist, but a problem with her hand made such a career impossible. To console her, her parents agreed to pay for singing lessons. A neighbourhood music professor, who heard her sing, took an interest in helping her develop her talents. She was given vocal lessons and taught to minimally play the piano; eventually she enrolled at the École Supérieure de Musique in 1947. Money was a problem and she gave up her musical studies in 1948. She was first recruited at the Théâtre Mogador, before a stint in Belgium, where she performed under the stage name Barbara Brodi. Late 1951, she returned to Paris to audition at La Fontaine des Quatre Saisons, a popular cabaret in the 7th arrondissement. However, as she failed to become a permanent cast member, she returned to Brussels. In 1955, she returned to Paris; with more luck, she began to sing at various cabarets throughout the capital, with a growing audience.

She was deeply scarred by the war and her family's plight. The feelings of emptiness experienced during childhood showed in her songs, particularly "Mon Enfance". She said in her uncompleted autobiography,  (assembled from notes found after her death), that her father sexually abused her when she was 10 and she hated him for that. He later abandoned the family.

Musical development

A tall person, Barbara dressed in black as she sang melancholy songs of lost love. From 1950 to 1951, after her father's desertion of her family, she lived in Brussels, where she became part of an active artistic community, before visiting Charleroi, where she befriended many artists. Her painter and writer friends took over an old house, converting it into workshops and a concert hall with a piano where she performed the songs of Édith Piaf, Juliette Gréco and Germaine Montero. However, her career evolved slowly and she struggled constantly to eke out a living.

Returning to Paris, she met Jacques Brel and became a lifelong friend, singing many of his songs. Later she met Georges Brassens, whose songs she began to use in her act and to record on her first album. In the 1950s, she sang at some of the smaller clubs and began building a fan base, particularly with the young students from the Latin Quarter. In 1957, she went back to Brussels to record her first single, but it was not until 1961 that she got a real break when she sang at the Bobino Music-Hall in Montparnasse. Dressed in a long black robe, she gave a haunting performance, but the Parisian critics said she lacked naturalness and was stiff and formal in her presentation. She continued to perform at small clubs, and two years later at the Théâtre des Capucines she succeeded with the audience and critics alike, singing new material she had written herself. From that point on, her career blossomed and she signed a major recording contract in 1964 with Philips Records.

Musical influences
Influenced originally by songwriters Mireille and Pierre MacOrlan, she developed her own style and the writing of her own songs transformed her image into that of a unique singer-songwriter. In the 1960s, she wrote her landmark song, "Ma plus belle histoire d'amour c'est vous" ("My Most Beautiful Love Story Is You"), and others for which she remains famous such as "L'aigle noir", "Nantes", "La solitude", "Göttingen" and "Une petite cantate." These five songs plus "Dis, quand reviendras-tu?" were translated into German by Belgian-German singer-songwriter Didier Caesar. The song "Göttingen" (named after the German city of Göttingen) is said to have contributed more to post-war German–French reconciliation than any speech by a politician. On the 40th anniversary of the Elysée agreement, ex-chancellor Gerhard Schröder quoted from the song in his official speech in the Château de Versailles.

Middle years
She returned to Bobino in 1964 for several sold-out performances. She performed at the Paris Olympia and other important venues in France, becoming one of her country's most beloved stars. In 1964, she released the album Barbara chante Barbara, which became a critical and financial success, winning in 1965 the Grand Prix du Disque of the Charles Cros Academy. At the award ceremony, Barbara tore her award into several pieces, giving a piece to each of her technicians as a sign of her gratitude.

Acting career
In 1969, Moustaki wrote the theme song "Moi, je me balance" for the film La fiancée du pirate that Barbara sings. She announced that she would limit her concert singing, and in 1970 she made her acting début in the stage play Madame that proved to be a commercial flop. In 1971 she co-starred with Jacques Brel in a film he directed titled Franz. Two years later she starred in L'Oiseau rare directed by Jean-Claude Brialy. Her final film role came in 1975 in Je suis né à Venise by choreographer Maurice Béjart.

Later years and death
In the 1970s Barbara made appearances on television variety shows with stars such as Johnny Hallyday and a tour of Japan, Canada, Belgium, Israel, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Through the 1980s, she continued to tour and to write songs; her album Seule was one of France's top grossing releases of 1981. The next year she was awarded the Grand Prix du Disque in recognition of her contribution to French culture. She developed a close working relationship with rising film star Gérard Depardieu and his wife Élisabeth, collaborating on songs for film and records. In 1986 she went to New York City to perform on piano at the Metropolitan Opera with Mikhail Baryshnikov in a song and dance ballet presentation. She co-wrote the music for the stage play Lily Passion with Luc Plamondon, in which she co-starred with Depardieu. It told the story of a killer who murders someone each time he hears her sing.

In the latter part of the 1980s she became active in the fight against AIDS. She recorded SID'Amour à mort and gave out condoms at performances. In 1988 the government of France awarded her the Legion of Honour. Health problems impeded her performing and she began to devote time to the writing of her memoirs. However, she recorded another successful album in 1996—which sold over a million copies in twelve hours—before she died of respiratory problems in Neuilly-sur-Seine (a suburb of Paris), on 24 November 1997. She was interred in the family grave at the Cimetière de Bagneux in southwest Paris.

The Paris Métro station Barbara, named in her honour and situated near her gravesite, was opened 13 January 2022, on a southern extension of Line 4.

Personal life
In October 1953 she married Claude John Luc Sluys, a Belgian law student, but they separated in 1956. She wrote many very personal songs, including "Nantes" about her father and "Une petite cantate", which was dedicated to her friend , who had died in a car accident earlier in 1965. Later in life, she wrote a song to her public – "Ma plus belle histoire d'amour" – and another about her musicians – "Mes hommes".

Musical legacy
Barbara's musical legacy is revealed in the writing of a number of singers, French-speaking and otherwise. A style referred to as "Nouvelle Chanson", or "New Chanson", artists such as Keren Ann, Benjamin Biolay, Coralie Clement, Emilie Simon, Daphné, Vincent Delerm and Tancrède are often cited as exponents of the updated style. One of the few English-speaking artists to cover her work is Marc Almond, whose version of "Amours Incestueuses" ("Incestuous Loves") was released on his 1996 album "Absinthe". The Anglo-French biographer David Bret, a close friend of Barbara, wrote at her behest "Les Hommes Bafoués", a song about AIDS prejudice. Bret also adapted three of her songs, "Ma Plus Belle Histoire D'Amour", "La Solitude", and "Précy Jardin" into English for Barbara. These were taped in 1992, but so far have never been released. In 1971 the Spanish singer Maria del Mar Bonet recorded a cover of L'Aigle Noir in Catalan which was a success in Spanish-language countries. L'Aigle Noir has also been adapted and sung in Spanish, and Swedish (Rikard Wolff), and many times in Japanese, also with great success.

Well-known contemporary artists such as New York-based Martha Wainwright, Spanish singer-songwriter Conchita Mendivil (who both recently reprised "Dis, Quand Reviendras-tu?", and Regina Spektor (with "Après Moi"), and London-based singer-songwriter Ana Silvera have reprised songs sung by Barbara.

Discography

Albums
1959: Barbara à l'Écluse
1960: Barbara chante Brassens
1961: Barbara chante Jacques Brel
1964: Dis, quand reviendras-tu?
1964: Barbara chante Barbara
1965: Barbara (N°2)
1967: Barbara Singt Barbara
1967: Barbara (Ma plus belle histoire d'amour)
1967: Bobino 1967
1968: Le Soleil noir
1969: Une soirée avec Barbara
1970: Madame
1970: L'aigle noir
1972: La fleur d'amour
1972: Amours incestueuses
1973: La Louve
1974: Enregistrement public au Théâtre Des Variétés
1978: Enregistrement public à L'Olympia (Les insomnies)
1981: Seule
1981: Récital "Pantin 81"
1986: Lily Passion (with Gérard Depardieu)
1987: Châtelet 87
1994: Châtelet 93
1996: Barbara

Singles
"L'Aigle noir"
"Göttingen"
"Mon enfance"

Filmography
1955: Le Toubib, médecin du gang
1971: Franz
1973: L'Oiseau rare as singer Alexandra Blitz-Balfour
1975: Je suis né à Venise by Maurice Béjart

References

Sources
 Adapted from the article Monique Serf, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

External links

Association Barbara Perlimpinpin
Discography, with  links to lyrics
Barbara: France's Best Kept Secret

1930 births
1997 deaths
20th-century French women singers
Burials at the Cimetière parisien de Bagneux
Barbara
French people of Russian-Jewish descent
Jewish women singers
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Singers from Paris
20th-century French Jews
HIV/AIDS activists
Cabaret singers
French women songwriters
French songwriters
Respiratory disease deaths in France

Barbara (singer)


The Boulevard des Pyrénées is a boulevard in the town of Pau in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of south-west France. With buildings on its northern side only, and a terrace overlooking the valley of the Gave de Pau to its south, the boulevard is notable for its panoramic view of the peaks of the Pyrenees some 50 km to the south.

The boulevard was created at the suggestion of Napoleon I, and overlooks terraced gardens cascading down the valley side. In clear weather, especially early morning or late evening and in winter, the view stretches from the Pic du Midi de Bigorre to the Pic d'Anie, with the Pic du Midi d'Ossau standing out in the background. Along the railings on the terrace side of the boulevard are plaques pointing out and describing each mountain.

The boulevard runs for some three-quarters of a kilometer, linking the Parc du Beaumont to the Château de Pau and forming the southern edge of the town centre. From its centre, adjacent to the Place Royale, the Funiculaire de Pau descends to the valley bottom, linking the town centre to Pau railway station.

References

Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Streets in France
Transport in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Tourist attractions in Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Boulevard des Pyrénées


Knowledge level modeling is the process of theorizing over observations about a world and, to some extent, explaining the behavior of an agent as it interacts with its environment.

Crucial to the understanding of knowledge level modeling are Allen Newell's notions of the knowledge level, operators, and an agent's goal state.

The knowledge level refers to the knowledge an agent has about its world.
Operators are what can be applied to an agent to affect its state.
An agent's goal state is the status reached after the appropriate operators have been applied to transition from a previous, non-goal state.

Essentially, knowledge level modeling involves evaluating an agent's knowledge of the world and all possible states and with that information constructing a model that depicts the interrelations and pathways between the various states.  With this model, various problem solving methods (i.e. prediction, classification, explanation, tutoring, qualitative reasoning, planning, etc.) can be viewed in a uniform fashion. This modeling aspect is crucial in cognitive architectures for intelligent agents.

In "Applications of Abduction: Knowledge-Level Modeling", Menzies proposes a new knowledge level modeling approach, called KLB, which specifies that "a knowledge base should be divided into domain-specific facts and domain-independent abstract problem solving inference procedures."  In his method, abductive reasoning is used to find assumptions which, when combined with theories, achieve the desired goals of the system.

For a good example of abductive reasoning, look at logical reasoning.

See also
Knowledge level
Knowledge engineering

References

Knowledge engineering

Knowledge level modeling


The Cortona Triptych is a Catholic Church depiction of the Madonna and Child with saints, painted by Fra Angelico. It is now kept at the Diocesan Museum in Cortona, Italy. The painting dates from 1436–1437.

The triptych was originally painted for the church of San Domenico in Cortona, and belonged to the Order of Saint Dominic. It was painted in Fiesole, and then shipped to Cortona, probably just before Fra Angelico painted the Perugia Altarpiece in 1437, with which this work shares many common elements.

Predella
The predella depicts the story of Saint Dominic along with other saints:

 Saint Peter Martyr
 The dream of Innocent III,
 Saint Michael the Archangel
 Resurrection of Napoleone Orsini
 Saint Vincent, Martyr
 Saint Dominic with the Friars, being served by the Angels and Death of St. Dominic
 Saint Thomas Aquinas

Sources

External links

 Cortona web

1430s paintings
Paintings by Fra Angelico
Paintings of the Madonna and Child
Paintings in Cortona
Christian art
Christian iconography
 Paintings on gold backgrounds
Triptychs
Paintings of Peter of Verona
Paintings of Thomas Aquinas
Paintings depicting Michael (archangel)
Paintings of Vincent of Saragossa
Paintings of Saint Dominic
Popes in art

Cortona Triptych


George J. Armelagos (May 22, 1936 – May 15, 2014) was an American anthropologist, and Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Armelagos significantly impacted the field of physical anthropology and biological anthropology. His work has provided invaluable contributions to the theoretical and methodological understanding human disease, diet and human variation within an evolutionary context. Relevant topics include epidemiology, paleopathology, paleodemography, bioarchaeology, evolutionary medicine, and the social interpretations of race, among others.

Armelagos is regarded as one of the founders of paleopathology and nutritional anthropology.

Early life and education
Armelagos was the son of Greek immigrants and he was born in Lincoln Park, Michigan. He received a B.A. with honors in Anthropology from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor in 1958. He then entered the Medical School at Michigan-Ann Arbor (1958), transferred a year later into the Rackham Graduate School in Anthropology at Michigan (1959), where he met Jack Kelso. He would later follow Kelso to the Anthropology Department at the University of Colorado, Boulder where he received both his M.A. (1963) and Ph.D. (1968) degrees. It was at Colorado that he formulated his early ideas the nature of disease and the need for a bio-cultural approach to explain the relationship between the evolution of disease and the human response to it.

Upon graduating from the University of Colorado, Armelagos taught at the University of Utah (1965-1968)  and was then hired at the University of Massachusetts where he aided in the creation of the Ph.D. program in Anthropology.

Career
During his 22-year career at Massachusetts he would train over a dozen anthropologists that would themselves contribute to research in human variation and adaptation, paleopathology, and skeletal biology and hold high ranking positions in the major associations for the discipline. He chaired Section H (Anthropology), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)(1997), and was President of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (1987-1989). His graduate students included Owen Lovejoy, John Lallo, Ann Magennis, Rebecca Huss-Ashmore, Dennis van Gerven, Michael Blakey, Jerome Rose, Pamela Bumsted, David Carlson, Lesley Rankin-Hill, Debra Martin, Anne Grauer, Alan H. Goodman, and Brenda Baker. While a professor at the University of Massachusetts he would receive many awards, including the University Distinguished Teacher (1973) and the Chancellor's Medalist (1980).

Retiring from Massachusetts in 1990 his career was far from over. He would serve three years as chair of the Anthropology Department at the University of Florida and affiliate curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History   before taking his current position as the Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University in Georgia   where he has trained a whole new generation of anthropologists (Tad Schurr, Kristin Harper, Bethany Turner, Amber Campbell Hibbs, and Molly Zuckerman) working on understanding the evolution of disease from a biocultural approach receiving the George Cuttino Award for Mentoring (2002). He was the Viking Fund Medalist, Wenner Gren Foundation, (2005), considered one of anthropology's highest honors. Armelagos received the Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology, American Anthropological Association (2008) and the Charles Darwin Award for Lifetime Achievement to Biological Anthropology, American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2009). Armelagos published over a dozen books and monographs, has numerous book chapters and well over 250 journal articles.

Death
He died at his home in Atlanta from pancreatic cancer. He was 77.

Awards and recognition
 Chancellor's Lecture, University of Massachusetts, 1980
 Chancellor's Medalist, University of Massachusetts, 1980
 Distinguished Lecture, General Anthropology Division, American Anthropological Association. 1994
 Distinguished Lecture, Biological Anthropology Unit, American Anthropological Association, 2005
 Viking Fund Medal, 2005
Frans Boas Award for Exemplary Service, 2008
Charles Darwin Award for Lifetime Achievement, 2009
 Journal of Anthropological Research Distinguished Lecture, 2009

Bibliography
 Armelagos, George J. 1969. Disease in Ancient Nubia. Science 163 (3864): 255 259. (reprinted once)
 Alan C. Swedlund and George J. Armelagos. 1969 Une Recherche in Paleo demographie: la Nubia Soudanaise. Annales: Economies, Societies, Civilizations 24(6): 1287 1298.
 George J. Armelagos and John R. Dewey. 1970. Evolutionary Response to Human Infectious Disease. Bioscience 20: 241 275.
 George J. Armelagos, J. Mielke, K. O. Owen, D. P. Van Gerven, J. R. Dewey and P. E. Mahler. 1972. Bone Growth and Development in Prehistoric Populations from Sudanese Nubia. Journal of Human Evolution 1: 89 119.
 Dennis P. Van Gerven, Dennis P., David S. Carlson and George J. Armelagos. 1974. Racial History and Bio Cultural Adaptation of Nubian Archaeological Populations. Journal of African History XXIV (4): 555 564.
 George J. Armelagos and Alan McArdle. 1975. Population, Disease and Evolution. In Population Studies in Archaeology and Biological Anthropology. Alan C. Swedlund, ed. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 30:1 10. American Antiquity 40(2) Part 2:1-10.
 James A Moore., Alan C, Swedlund and George J. Armelagos. 1975. The Use of the Life Table in Paleodemography. In Population Studies in Archaeology and Biological Anthropology. Alan C. Swedlund, ed. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 30:57 70. American Antiquity 40(2) Part 2.
 George J. Armelagos, George J., Alan Goodman and Kenneth H. Jacobs. 1978. The Ecological Perspective in Disease. In Health and the Human Condition: Perspectives in Medical Anthropology, M.H. Logan and F. Hunt, eds. pp. 71–84. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press.
 Mensforth, Robert P., C. Owen Lovejoy, John W. Lallo and George J. Armelagos. 1978. The Role of Constitutional Factors, Diet, and Infectious Disease in the Etiology of Porotic Hyperostosis and Periosteal Reactions in Prehistoric Infants and Children. Medical Anthropology 2(1): 1 59.
 Jerome R. Rose, John W, Lallo and George J. Armelagos. 1978. Histological Enamel Indicator of Childhood Stress in a Prehistoric Population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 49(4): 511 516.
 Debra Martin and George J. Armelagos. 1979. Morphometrics of Compact Bone: An Example from Sudanese Nubia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 51(4): 571 57
 Alan H. Goodman, Jerome R. Rose and George J. Armelagos. Enamel Hypoplasias as Indicators of Stress in Three Prehistoric Populations from Illinois. Human Biology 52(3): 515 528
 Peter Farb and George J. Armelagos. 1980. Consuming Passions: The Anthropology of Eating. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
 E. Bassett, M. Keith, G. J. Armelagos, D. Martin, and A. Villanueva. 1980. Tetracycline Labeled Human Bone from Prehistoric Sudanese Nubia (A.D. 350). Science 209:1532 1534.
 Peter Farb and George J. Armelagos. 1980. The Food Connection 1980. Natural History 89(9): 26 30.
 Rebecca Huss-Ashmore, Rebecca, Alan H. Goodman and George J. Armelagos. 1982. Nutritional Inferences from Paleopathology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 5:385 473. M. Schiffer, ed., New York: Academic Press
 George J. Armelagos, David S. Carlson and Dennis P. Van Gerven. 1982. The Theoretical Foundations and Development of Skeletal Biology. In A History of Physical Anthropology, 1930 1980. F. Spencer, ed. Pp. 305 328. New York: Academic Press.
 C. Owen Lovejoy, Robert P. Mensforth and George J. Armelagos. 1982. Five Decades of Skeletal Biology as Reflected in Pages of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1930 1940). In A History of Physical Anthropology, 1930 1980, F. Spencer, ed. pp. 329–336. New York: Academic Press.
 Mark N. Cohen and George J, Armelagos. Editors. 1984 Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
 Pete Farb and George J. Armelagos. 1985. Anthropologie Des Coutumes Alimentaires Paris: DeNoel (Translation of Consuming Passions The Anthropology of Eating).
 Alan C. Swedlund and George J. Armelagos. Editors. 1990. Disease in Populations in Transition: Anthropological and Epidemiological Perspective. South Hadley: Bergin and Garvey.
 George J. Armelagos, Alan H. Goodman and Kenneth Jacobs. 1991. The Origins of Agriculture: Population Growth During a Period of Declining Health. In Cultural Change and Population Growth: An Evolutionary Perspective. W. Hern. ed. Population and Environment 13(1): 9-22.
 R. L. Miller, R.L. G. J. Armelagos, S. Ikram, N. De Jonge, F. W. Krijer, A. N. Deedler. 1992. Paleoepidemiology of Schistosoma infection in Mummies. British Medical Journal 304: 355-356
 Lynn M. Sibley George J. Armelagos and Dennis P. VanGerven. 1992. Obstetric Dimensions of the True Pelvis in a Medieval Population from Sudanese Nubia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 89(4): 421-430.
 Alan H. Goodman and George J. Armelagos. 1996. Race, Racism and the New Physical Anthropology. In Race and other Misadventures: Essays in Honor of Ashley Montagu in his Ninetieth Year. L. Reynolds and L. Lieberman, eds. pp. 174–186.  Dix Hills, New York: General Hall, Inc.
 Ronald Barrett, Christopher W. Kuzawa, Thomas McDade and George J. Armelagos. 1998. Emerging Infectious Disease and the Third Epidemiological Transition. Annual Review Anthropology 27: 247-271. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
 Armelagos, George J. 1998. The Viral Superhighway The Sciences 38 (1): 24-29 (reprinted 18 times).
 George J. Armelagos and Alan H. Goodman. Race, Racism, and Anthropology. 1998. In Building a New Biocultural Synthesis: Political-Economic Perspectives on Human Biology. Alan H. Goodman and Thomas Leatherman, eds. pp 359–377. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
 Ryan Brown and George J. Armelagos. 2001. Apportionment of Racial Diversity: A review. Evolutionary Anthropology 10:15-20.
 George J. Armelagos, Kristi Kohlbacher, Kristy R. Collins, Jennifer Cook, and Maria Karfield-Daugherty. 2001. Tetracycline Consumption in Prehistory. In Tetracyclines in Biology, Chemistry and Medicine. M. Nelson, W. Hillen, and R.A. Greenwald, eds. pp. 217–235. Basil: Birkhauser Verlag AG.
 George J. Armelagos. 2003. Bioarcheology as Anthropology. In Archaeology is Anthropology. S. D. Gillespie and D. Nichols, ed. PP. 27–41. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association Series, No 13.
 George J. Armelagos. 2004. Emerging disease in the third epidemiological transition. The Changing Face of Disease: Implications for Society. N. Mascie-Taylor, J. Peters and S. T. McGarvey. Boca Raton, FL, CRC. Society for the Study of Human Biology Series, 43: 7-23.
 George J. Armelagos 2004. Du Bois, Boas and Study of Race. Hamline Review. 28: 1-21.
 George J. Armelagos and Kristin N. Harper. 2005. Genomics at the Origins of Agriculture, Part One. Evolutionary Anthropology. 14 (2):68-77. Part Two. I4 (3):100-121.
 Armelagos, George J. 2008. Biocultural Anthropology at its Origins: Transformation of the New Physical Anthropology in the 1950s. Chapter 20, pg 269-282. In A. J. Kelso (Ed.), The Tao of Anthropology. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
 Kristin N. Harper, Paolo S. Ocampo, Bret M. Steiner, Robert W. George, Michael S. Silverman, Shelly Boltin, Allan Pillay, Nigel J. Saunders, and George J. Armelagos. 2008. On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2 (1):e148.
 Kristin N. Harper, Hsi Liu, Paolo S. Ocampo, Bret M. Steiner and George J. Armelagos. 2008. The evolution of the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene in Treponema pallidum: implications for pathogenicity and history. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology. 53(3): 322-332.
 George J. Armelagos. 2009. The Paleolithic Disease-scape, the Hygiene Hypothesis, and the Second Epidemiological Transition. The Hygiene Hypothesis and Darwinian Medicine. Pg. 29-43. G. A. Rock, ed. Birkhauser Publishing, Basel, Switzerland.
 George J. Armelagos, Alan H. Goodman, Kristin N. Harper and Michael L. Blakey. 2009. Enamel Hypoplasia and Earlier Mortality: Bioarchaeological Support for the Barker Hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology 18: 261-271.
 George J. Armelagos. 2010. Omnivore's Dilemma: The Evolution of the Brain and the Determinates of Food Choice. Journal of Anthropological Research 66(2):161-186.
 Nelson, Mark, Jeffery Hochberg, Andrew Dinardo, George J. Armelagos. 2010. Spectroscopic Characterization of Tetracycline in Skeletal Remains of an Ancient Population from Sudanese Nubia 350CE-550CE. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143: 151-154.
 George J. Armelagos and Kristin N. Harper. 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Urbanization and Globalization in the Time of Global Warming in The New Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology. pp. 291–311. William C. Cockerham, ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing.
 Molly K. Zuckerman and George J. Armelagos. 2011. The origins of the biocultural dimensions in bioarchaeology. Social Bioarchaeology. Sabrina C. Agarwal and Bonnie Glencross, eds. pp. 15–43. Malden, MA: Wiley Publishing.

References

External links

1936 births
2014 deaths
American anthropologists
Emory University faculty
Place of birth missing
Paleopathologists
University of Colorado alumni
University of Florida faculty
University of Massachusetts faculty
University of Utah faculty
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
Bioarchaeologists

George J. Armelagos


The Ayer Main Street Historic District encompasses most of the historic central business district of Ayer, Massachusetts.  It extends along Main Street between Park and Columbia Streets, and was mostly developed between 1872 and 1898 as a hub of railroad and roadway-based economic activity.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Description and history
The town of Ayer, although not incorporated until 1871, became an important railroad hub in the 1840s, with the completion of both north–south and east–west railroad routes that crossed just southwest of the present downtown area.  During the American Civil War, a military camp was established to the south (later to become Fort Devens).  The downtown area began to develop most significantly after incorporation in 1871 and a fire in 1872 that destroyed many earlier structures.  The north side of Main Street, opposite the rail yards of the junction, is where this new commercial development was focused.

The historic district covers four blocks of buildings on both sides of Main Street, extending from Pleasant Street in the west to Columbia Street in the east, including also the former railroad depot building that stands just south of Main Street parallel to the east–west tracks.  Most of the buildings are built of brick and stone, although there are three wood-frame structures.  The district's oldest building is one of these: built in 1868, it was originally located south of the tracks, and was moved to its present location opposite Pleasant Street in 1878.  Ayer Town Hall stands near the eastern end of the district; it is a fine example of high-style Victorian Gothic architecture.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts

References

Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts

Ayer Main Street Historic District


Candlestick Point State Recreation Area (or simply Candlestick Point) is a state park unit of California, United States, providing an urban protected area on San Francisco Bay.  The park is located at the southeastern tip of San Francisco immediately south of Hunters Point and  north of Sierra Point in Brisbane. This  landfilled area was intended to be used during World War II as a shipyard by the United States Navy. However it was abandoned as the war ended. Without government controls, the area was used by nearby residences as a garbage dump. In 1973 the California State Legislature purchased the land with US$10 million and in 1977 voted to turn this area into a California State Park. After the designation Candlestick became the first urban recreation area in the state. To this day Candlestick remains as a major recreation area in San Francisco, offering a wide view of the bay. The park features various picnic areas, two fishing piers, fitness courses as well as hiking trails. This park is also a popular area for windsurfing due to strong and regular winds.

Candlestick Park, the former stadium of the San Francisco Giants and San Francisco 49ers, was also located next to Candlestick Point.

There are several competing theories for the origin of the point's name. Several sources claim it was named for Candlestick Rock, an -tall pinnacle rock once located nearby at the high-tide line. Others claim it was named for the long-billed curlew, which was once plentiful in the area and also known as the candlestick bird. Still others claim the name derives from the 19th-century practice of burning abandoned sailing ships in the bay; as they sunk their flaming masts resembled lighted candlesticks.

Proposed park closures reversed
Candlestick Point was one of the 48 California state parks that were proposed for closure in January 2008 by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction effort.

In May 2008, the governor unveiled his revised proposal that would reverse a proposal made in January to dismiss employees and close 48 parks and beaches, including nine in the Bay Area. The plan now is to cut $1.5 million out of the parks budget and make that up by raising entrance fees a maximum of $2. Revenue also could be raised through cabin rentals and fees at new campgrounds.

See also

 List of California state parks

References

External links

Candlestick Point State Recreation Area

California State Recreation Areas
Parks in San Francisco
Parks in the San Francisco Bay Area
Protected areas established in 1972
Hills of San Francisco
San Francisco Bay Trail
Bayview–Hunters Point, San Francisco

Candlestick Point State Recreation Area


Jacqueline Kelly is an New Zealand-born American author of children's books.

Early life
Jacqueline Kelly was born in New Zealand. She moved to Vancouver Island in Canada at a young age. She moved again to El Paso, Texas where she went to high school and college in Galveston. She went on to get a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas. Before becoming a fictional author, she was a physician and a lawyer.

Awards
For The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate, she won the Newbery Honor Book designation, International Reading Association Award, Virginia Law Award, Daughters of the Republic of Texas, and Judy Lopez Memorial Award, National Women's Book Association, all 2009, and Josette Frank Award, and the Bank Street College of Education.

Writing
 Short story in the Mississippi Review (2001)
 The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate (2009)
 Return to the Willows (2012)

The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate
The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate is set in 1899 and features eleven year old Calpurnia Tate. The novel documents her struggle with Texas heat, science, embroidery and her family. She falls in love with science by spending time with her grandfather, who is a scientist, and The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin. She thoroughly battles the expectations of respectable young ladies during the turn of the century.

Return to the Willows
Return to the Willows is written as a sequel to the Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.

References

"Jacqueline Kelly." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Biography in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
Kelly, Jacqueline. "Jacqueline Kelly." Jacqueline Kelly. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
"The Wind in the Willows." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

New Zealand writers

Jacqueline Kelly


The following is a list of colonial governors in 1818 grouped by the European empire under which they belonged.

Portugal
Angola – Luís da Mota Fêo e Torres, Governor of Angola (1816–1819)
Portuguese Timor – José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa, Governor of East Timor (1815–1819)

Spanish Empire
Viceroyalty of New Granada –
Francisco Montalvo y Ambulodi Arriola y Casabant Valdespino (1816–1818)
 Juan José Francisco de Sámano y Uribarri de Rebollar y Mazorra (1818–1819)
Viceroyalty of New Spain – Juan Ruíz de Apodaca, conde de Venadito (1816–1821)
Captaincy General of Cuba – José Cienfuegos, Governor of Cuba (1816–1819)
Spanish East Indies – Mariano Fernández de Folgueras, Governor-General of the Philippines (1816–1822)
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo – Carlos de Urrutia y Montoya, Governor of Santo Domingo (1813–1819)
Viceroyalty of Peru – Joaquín de la Pezuela y Sánchez, marqués de Viluma (1816–1821)
Captaincy General of Chile –
Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Ponte Angel-Díaz y Méndez, Governor and Captain-General of Chile (1815–1818)
 Mariano Osorio, Governor and Captain-General of Chile (1818)

British Empire
Berbice – Henry William Bentinck, Lieutenant Governor of Berbice (1814–1820)
Bermuda – Sir James Cockburn, Governor of Bermuda (1811–1819)
British Columbia – John Haldane, Governor of British Columbia (1813–1823)
British North America –
John Coape Sherbrooke, Governor-General of British North America (1816–1818)
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, Governor-General of British North America (1818–1819)
Ceylon – Robert Brownrigg, Governor of Ceylon (1812–1820)
India – Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, Governor-General of India (1813–1823)
Ionian Islands – Thomas Maitland, Lord High Commissioner (1816–1823)
Ireland – Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1817–1821)
Malta – Thomas Maitland, Governor of Malta (1813–1824)
New South Wales – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales (1810–1821)
Nova Scotia – George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (1816–1820)

Colonial governors
Colonial governors
1818

List of colonial governors in 1818


Alpha and Omega is Tonus Peregrinus's second album of unaccompanied choral works by Antony Pitts released on Hyperion Records.  The album contains the coda from the oratorio Jerusalem-Yerushalayim and the complete cycle of The I AM Sayings of Jesus.  Tracks from the album have been broadcast on BBC Radio 3 and Classic FM in the UK.

References

2008 classical albums
Tonus Peregrinus albums

Alpha and Omega (Tonus Peregrinus album)


Boorooma is a suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, located in the city's north, beyond the floodplains of the Murrumbidgee River. The locality is a southern neighbour of Charles Sturt University—which in fact is referred to as 'Boorooma Campus' and is located directly to the east of the suburb of Estella and to the north of the Olympic Highway. Boorooma is progressively undergoing transition from rural residential type allotments to more intensive urban residential uses. Boorooma is also home to Vianney College Seminary and The Riverina Anglican College, and has land zoned for a future shopping centre.

Streets in Boorooma are named after 'Notable Australian Sporting Identities', such as Messenger Ave after Dally Messenger and Bradman Drive for Don Bradman.

External links

References

Suburbs of Wagga Wagga

Boorooma, New South Wales


Babatunde Niyi Ogunlana (born August 14, 1984 in Patako) is a former Nigerian football player, who was last playing for Kwara United F.C. of Ilorin.

Career
Hails from Patako in the Ifelodun local government area of Kwara State, he is otherwise called 'Overmars'. He attended St. Joseph's Nursery & Primary School, Ilorin and the Government Secondary School, Ilorin (1992). He obtained his first degree, BSc (Geography) from the University of Ilorin-Nigeria (1997).

He has played for Kwara Stars F.C. of Ilorin (1997–2001), Katsina United F.C. of Katsina (2001–2003), Kwara United F.C. of Ilorin (2004 to date).

Retirement
After retiring was named as Welfare officer of Kwara United F.C.

References

1984 births
Living people
Yoruba sportspeople
Nigerian men's footballers
Katsina United F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Kwara United F.C. players
Sportspeople from Kwara State
University of Ilorin alumni

Niyi Ogunlana


Lounge music is a type of easy listening music popular in the 1950s and 1960s. It may be meant to evoke in the listeners the feeling of being in a place, usually with a tranquil theme, such as a jungle, an island paradise or outer space. The range of lounge music encompasses beautiful music-influenced instrumentals, modern electronica (with chillout, and downtempo influences), while remaining thematically focused on its retro-space age cultural elements. The earliest type of lounge music appeared during the 1920s and 1930s, and was known as light music.

Retrospective usage
Exotica, space age pop, and some forms of easy listening music popular during the 1950s and 1960s are now broadly termed "lounge". The term "lounge" does not appear in textual documentation of the period, such as Billboard magazine or long playing album covers, but has been retroactively applied.

While rock and roll was generally influenced by blues and country, lounge music was derived from jazz and other musical elements borrowed from traditions around the world. Exotica from such artists as Les Baxter, Martin Denny, Arthur Lyman, and The Three Suns sold millions of records during its heyday. It combined music that was popular outside the United States, such as various Latin genres (e.g., bossa nova, cha-cha-cha, mambo as in Cal Tjader's fine Latin jazz efforts), polynesian, French, etc. into a relaxed, palatable sound. Such music could have some instruments exaggerated (e.g., a Polynesian song might have an exotic percussion arrangement using bongos, and vocalists imitating wild animals). Many of these recordings were portrayed as originating in exotic foreign lands, but in truth were recorded in Hollywood recording studios by veteran session musicians. Another genre, space age pop, mimicked space age sound effects of the time and reflected the public interest in space exploration. With the advent of stereophonic technology, artists such as Esquivel used spatial audio techniques to full effect, creating whooshing sounds with his orchestra.

AllMusic describes lounge as less "adventurous" than exotica or space age pop, but not as "watered-down" as Muzak. "Instead, it occupied the middle ground, appealing to fans of traditional pop as well as space age pop."

A good deal of lounge music was pure instrumental (i.e., no main vocal part, although there could be minor vocal parts). Sometimes, this music would be theme music from movies or TV shows, although such music could be produced independently from other entertainment productions. These instrumentals could be produced with an orchestral arrangement, or from an arrangement of instruments very similar to that found in jazz, or even rock and roll such as the Hammond organ or electric guitar.

Lounge singers

"Swinging" music of the era is also considered "lounge" and consisted of a schmaltzy continuation of the swing jazz era of the 1930s and 1940s, but with more of an emphasis on the vocalist. Soft and gentle vocalists such as Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Dooley Wilson, Pat Boone, Bobby Darin, Jackie Gleason, Wayne Newton, Louis Prima, Sam Butera and Bobby Vinton are notable examples of lounge music. The music of Burt Bacharach was soon featured as part of many lounge singers' repertoires. Such artists performed mainly at featured lounges in Las Vegas casinos. Documented pioneers of the Las Vegas lounge scene, the Mary Kaye Trio were first on the scene in the early 1950s.

Lounge singers have a lengthy history stretching back to the decades of the early twentieth century. In any event, these lounge singers, perhaps performing in a hotel or cocktail bar, are usually accompanied by one or two other musicians, and they favor cover songs composed by others, especially pop standards, many deriving from the days of Tin Pan Alley.

Many well-known performers got their start as lounge singers and musicians. Billy Joel worked in a piano bar for six months and penned the song "Piano Man" about his experience.

Resurgence
Lounge emerged in the late 1980s as a label of endearment by younger fans whose parents had listened to such music in the 1960s. It has enjoyed resurgences in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, led initially by figures such as Buster Poindexter and Jaymz Bee. In Japan, producer Yasuharu Konishi became popular for his work with Pizzicato Five, and is often considered "the Godfather of ," a genre mostly derived from 1960s lounge music.

In the early 1990s the lounge revival was in full swing and included such groups as Combustible Edison, Love Jones, The Cocktails, Pink Martini, the High Llamas, Don Tiki, and Nightcaps. The multinational group the Gentle People, signed to the UK label Rephlex Records, attracted an international following and appeared on various lounge and exotica compilations. Alternative band Stereolab demonstrated the influence of lounge with releases like their 1993 EP Space Age Bachelor Pad Music and their 1997 album Dots and Loops, and in 1996 Capitol Records began issuing the Ultra-Lounge series of lounge music albums. The lounge style was starkly in contrast to the grunge music that dominated the period. These groups wore suits and played music inspired by earlier works of Antônio Carlos Jobim, Juan García Esquivel, Louis Prima and many others.

In 2004, the Parisian band Nouvelle Vague released a self-titled album in which they covered songs from the '80s post-punk and new wave genres in the style of Bossa Nova. Other artists have taken lounge music to new heights by recombining rock with pop, such as Jon Brion, The Bird and the Bee, Triangle Sun, Pink Martini, the Buddha-Lounge series, and the surrounding regulars of Café Largo. The movie The Rise and Fall of Black Velvet Flag (2003) is a documentary about three older punk rockers who created a lounge-punk band.

In 2018, British rock band Arctic Monkeys released their sixth studio album, Tranquility Base Hotel & Casino. The album, which was a shift  in style for the band after 2013's AM, the album has a more lounge pop sound rather than their previous, alternative rock sound. The album is a concept album about a hotel on the Moon (Tranquility Base is the site of the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon landing) and also reflects on modern society and technology, and it's effect on the human mind, with frontman Alex Turner taking inspiration from both old school Science Fiction films, and Neil Postman's 1985 book, Amusing Ourselves To Death. Their seventh studio album, The Car also has a laid-back lounge pop sound, continuing their shift in sound to a lounge pop, and baroque pop style.

In film
In the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, five members of the defunct Blues Brothers have formed a lounge act, "Murph and the Magictones," and are found performing latin-esque music at a Holiday Inn. When the band takes a break to speak with Jake and his brother Elwood, Murph switches on a Muzak version of "Just the Way You Are," performed by Billy Joel, a former lounge musician himself. Later, when Jake and Elwood are in an elevator, Jobim's "The Girl from Ipanema" is heard on Muzak.

The 1989 film The Fabulous Baker Boys starred Jeff Bridges, Beau Bridges, and Michelle Pfeiffer as a successful lounge act.

Comedy
Andy Kaufman created a character called Tony Clifton. A parody of show biz entitlement and excess, Clifton is untalented, lazy (often not bothering to remember the words to the songs), and abusive to his audiences.

Bill Murray also portrayed a particularly bad lounge singer on Saturday Night Live, Nick The Lounge Singer, best known for providing his own lyrics to the John Williams theme from Star Wars and performing an over-the-top version of the Morris Albert hit "Feelings". Later on SNL, Will Ferrell and Ana Gasteyer portrayed a goofy married duo of lounge-style musicians, but in unlikely venues such as high school dances. Part of the humor derived from the incongruous application of their "nerdy" and outdated style to performances of current pop-music hits. British comedians Mel Smith and Griff Rhys Jones appeared as a cheesy keyboard and bass duo during the end credits of one series of their long-running sketch show.

Richard Cheese and the Lounge Kittens perform lounge-style arrangements of recent popular songs for comedic effect.

See also
 Crooner
 Nightclub music
 Sentimental ballad
 Soft rock
 Ultra-Lounge (album series)

References

Easy listening music

Lounge music


Robert B. Rivkin (born January 9, 1956), better known by the stage name Bobby Z., is an American musician and record producer, most known as being the original drummer for Prince's backing band The Revolution from 1978 to 1986.

Life and career

Early life
Rivkin began his musical career at the age of six, playing several different instruments before finally settling on the drums. In junior high school, he formed a small touring band in the Minneapolis area that included future Chicago Bears football coach Marc Trestman on rhythm guitar.

Career with Prince
He met Prince in the late 1970s as Prince was forming his first band for touring.  He started running errands for Prince while working for the man credited with discovering Prince, Owen Husney.  Rivkin's stage name, Bobby Z., was derived from the nickname "Butzie" his grandmother used to call him.

Prince was adamant about having a white drummer in an effort to have a racially diverse band, so Husney implored Prince to audition Rivkin. Rivkin replaced Dale Alexander during the 94East band sessions, prior to Prince moving into his own "For You" album sessions. Dale later became drummer for Prince's protege group Madhouse in 1987. Rivkin was acknowledged in Prince's self-titled album as being a "heaven-sent" helper alongside Andre Cymone. By the time the 1999 album was released, Prince was relying more and more on electronic drums and Rivkin had to adapt his style to operate these in concert as well as the studio, starting with Controversy. He also contributed to Purple Rain, Around the World in a Day, Parade and Sign o' the Times. In 1986 when Wendy & Lisa left The Revolution and the group disbanded after the Parade Tour ended, Prince also took the opportunity to replace Rivkin with Sheila E, daughter of veteran Bay Area drummer and percussionist Pete Escovedo.

Career after Prince and The Revolution
Bobby Z. produced The Suburbs' 1986 self-titled A&M Records album (credited as Robert Brent). In 1988 he produced some tracks for Boy George's album, Tense Nervous Headache. Rivkin helped Wendy & Lisa on their debut album and he released his own self-titled album in 1989 (which included a re-recorded version of "River Run Dry" that he wrote for The Family). Rivkin has since focused more on producing for the recently launched record label branch of Copycats media.

Health problems, recovery and reunions with Prince
Bobby Z. suffered a heart attack in early 2010 and after his recovery made it his mission to continue to raise public awareness of heart attack warning signs and risk factors. He has lobbied Congress for continued research. He set up a fund raising charity called My Purple Heart which went about raising both funds and awareness of heart disease.

In 2011, he celebrated the one-year anniversary of surviving his near-fatal heart attack at First Avenue, with a rare reunion performance of The Revolution—Wendy Melvoin, Lisa Coleman, Brown Mark, Dr. Fink, Dez Dickerson, Eric Leeds and Bobby Z., which raised much needed funds to benefit heart-health awareness,.

The concert, billed as a 'Benefit 2 Celebrate Life!' and presented by Z and the American Heart Association, featured The Revolution, along with heart-health and life-saving information and inspiring stories of survival. The Revolution had not played together since 2003.

His foundation, My Purple Heart, partnered with the American Heart Association again in 2013 to host a benefit concert and weekend block party on March 9, at First Avenue on the 2nd anniversary of his heart attack. Again members of The Revolution appeared alongside Bobby as well as star guests such as Maya Rudolph, local boy and runner up from The Voice Nicholas David, Alexander O'Neal, André Cymone, Dez Dickerson, Dr. Fink and The Roots drummer Questlove. Wendy Melvoin appeared as the resident guitarist for the night's events.

In May 2013, Bobby Z joined Prince on stage during the closing two shows of Prince's whirlwind 3rdeyegirl tour. Both shows took place on the same night with Bobby taking over from Prince's drummer Hannah Welton-Ford. He sat in on both shows for one song. On both occasions it was "Purple Rain". In late May 2013, Bobby appeared alongside former bandmate André Cymone on a web based chat show co-hosted by celebrity blogger Dr.Funkenberry where they both reminisced about their early days on the road with Prince. Bobby also mentioned that it was a thrill to be back onstage with Prince.

Other Projects
Bobby Z hosted a radio show every Sunday on 96.3 K-TWIN in Minneapolis.

Equipment
Drum kit with Prince in the 1980s:
Ludwig kit
Black Simmons SDSV pads
Simmons SDSV Module
Linn LM-1 Drum Machine
LinnDrum Drum Machine
Black Pearl Syncussion pads (x2)
Pearl Syncussion Modules (x2)
Zildjian 14" HiHat
Zildjian 18" Crash
Zildjian 20" Ride
Zildjian 16" Crash

Personal life
Bobby's brothers are film maker Stephen E. Rivkin and fellow Minneapolis musician David Z. He is married to his wife Vicki.

References

Uptown #42. May 31, 2000.

1956 births
Living people
American funk drummers
American male drummers
Record producers from Minnesota
The Revolution (band) members
American rock drummers
Musicians from Minneapolis
Rhythm and blues drummers
Soul drummers
20th-century American drummers
20th-century American male musicians

Bobby Z.


Remand is when higher courts send cases back to lower courts for further action. In the law of the United States, appellate courts remand cases to district courts for actions such as a new trial. Federal appellate courts, including the Supreme Court, have the power to "remand [a] cause [sic] and ... require such further proceedings to be had as may be just under the circumstances." This includes the power to make summary "grant, vacate and remand" (GVR) orders.

Appellate courts remand cases whose outcome they are unable to finally determine. For example, cases may be remanded when the appellate court decides that the trial judge committed a procedural error, excluded admissible evidence, or ruled improperly on a motion. In common law jurisdictions, remand refers to the adjournment (continuance) of criminal proceedings, when the accused is either remanded in custody or on bail. Appellate courts are said to remit matters to lower courts for further consideration.

Details
When the United States Supreme Court grants certiorari and reverses a decision of a state supreme court or a Federal appeals court, it may remand the case. Likewise, an appeals court may remand a case to a trial court. A remand may be a full remand, essentially ordering an entirely new trial; when an appellate court grants a full remand, the lower court's decision is "reversed and remanded."

Alternatively, it may be "with instructions" specifying, for example, that the lower court must use a different legal standard when considering facts already entered at trial. A partial remand occurs when an appellate court affirms a conviction while directing the lower court to revisit the sentencing phase of the trial. Finally, it may remand a case upon concluding that the lower court made a mistake and also did not adjudicate issues that must be considered.

A federal court may also remand when a civil case is filed in a state court and the defendant removes the case to the local federal district court. If the federal court decides that the case was not one in which removal was permissible, it may remand the case to state court. Here, the federal court is not an appellate court as in the case above, and the case was remanded because the removal to the federal court was improper.

In federal tribunals in the United States, it is possible for an Article III court to remand a case to an Article I court, if the case was originally decided by the Article I court and then appealed to the Article III court, or for a higher-level administrative tribunal within an executive agency to remand a case to a lower-level tribunal within the same agency.

While Article III courts are allowed to remand a case back to Article I courts, there is a recent trend towards divesting U.S. magistrate judges from the power to remand cases back to state court. The same statutory basis for divesting magistrate judges of their power to remand may logically be applied to Article I judges.

See also
Appeal
Court
Criminal justice
GVR order
Remand (detention)

Notes

References

Criminal law
 appellate review
 legal procedure
American legal terminology

Remand (court procedure)


Inupiaq or Inpuiat language is a group of dialects spoken by the Inuit. It is also called Alaskan Inuit. The name also refers to the people who speak the language. Outside Alaska, it is also spoken on the Diomede Islands. People on Little Diomede speak it; people on Big Diomede spoke it. Big Diomede Island belongs to Russia, and is uninhabited since the end of World War II. The other speakers live in northern and northwestern Alaska, and part of the Northwest Territories. The Inupiat language is closely related to Inuit languages of Canada and Greenland. There are roughly 2,000 speakers in Alaska, and about 24.000 speakers in Canada. It is considered a threatened language with most speakers at or above the age of 40. Iñupiaq is an official language of the State of Alaska.

The name is also rendered as Inupiatun, Iñupiatun, Iñupiaq, Inyupiaq, Inyupiat, Inyupeat, Inyupik, and Inupik.

The main varieties of the Iñupiaq language are Northern Alaskan Iñupiaq and Seward Peninsula Iñupiaq.

There are differences in the three big dialects, both regarding the sounds and the words used. Speakers of two of the three dialects usually understand each other, even though the forms and words used are different. As an example: tupiq means tent in the North Slope dialect, and house in Malimut. The north slope dialect uses iglu to mean house. Sometimes the difference is mostly in spelling: dog is written as qimmiq in North Slope and qipmiq in Malimut. The dialect on the Seward peninsula is quite different, and speakers need some training to understand the two other dialects.

The Iñupiaq language has been in decline since contact with English in the late 19th century. After Alaska became part of the US, many people from other parts moved there. The children of Inuit families were often put in boarding schools far away: There they learnt English, but they lost most of the Inuit languages their parents spoke, and the Inuit culture. This has led to a situation where only a small minority of Inupiat speak the Iñupiaq language. Several communities try to revive the language, though.

References

Other websites
 Inupiat language Wikipedia

Alaska
Languages of North America
Eskimo-Aleut languages

Inupiat language


Exposure factor (EF) is the subjective, potential percentage of loss to a specific asset if a specific threat is realized. The exposure factor is a subjective value that the person assessing risk must define.

The exposure factor is represented in the impact of the risk over the asset, or percentage of asset lost. As an example, if the asset value is reduced two thirds, the exposure factor value is 0.66. If the asset is completely lost, the exposure factor is 1.0.

Financial risk management

Exposure factor


is a professor at the Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech.).

Career

Takashi Yabe graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1973 and immediately became a research associate. After getting doctor degree of engineering, he moved to Osaka University as an associate professor and then returned to Tokyo Tech. as a professor in 1995.

His specialties are theoretical and experimental studies of interactions between laser light and substances. He has established a venture business called Electra to realize the magnesium-based society using "solar-pumped laser", and currently serves as its CEO.

Another specialty of Dr. Yabe is computational fluid dynamics. He has developed the "CIP Method" that can realistically replicate phenomena that are difficult to simulate such as collisions of objects and waves at the liquid–gas interface. Because of this work, he was invited to give a bicentenary memorial lecture at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1999 in addition to the keynote lectures in many international conferences and awarded by several societies.

He is currently General Council of APACM, Executive Council of IACM and Honorary Fellow of International Society for Computational Fluid Dynamics.

The TIME magazine chose him as an "Innovator" of "Heroes of the Environment 2009" in September 2009.

References

Further reading
 Takashi Yabe, Tatsuya Yamaji, The Magnesium Civilization : An Altanative New Source of Energy to Oil, Pan Stanford Publishing, December 2010, ()

External links
The Magnesium Civilization
Yabe Laboratory

1950 births
Living people
Japanese engineers
Japanese inventors
Academic staff of Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Osaka University

Takashi Yabe


David Dawson Cosgrove (born April 1960) is an Irish businessman whose Belvedere Management group claimed to have $16 billion of assets under administration. In 2016 he was barred from serving as an officer of any company regulated by the  Mauritius Financial Services Commission (FSC) for a period of 5 years and the funds he managed were liquidated.

Belvedere Management
Cosgrove was the founder of the Belvedere Management group which claimed to have $16 billion of assets under administration. The group reportedly ran125 hedge funds and has numerous subsidiaries active in fund administration, life insurance, stock broking, and investment management.

Other company appointments
According to the listing document produced when Fulhold Pharma plc applied to have its shares admitted to the GXG Market in Denmark, as of 1 July 2014 Cosgrove was a director of over 70 companies located in Mauritius, Guernsey, Switzerland, Jersey, Seychelles, British Virgin Islands, Gibraltar, the Cayman Islands and the United Kingdom.

Residence
Cosgrove worked from Mauritius where he managed the business of Belvedere, but also had a home in South Africa where he also lived and where much of the firm's business was done.

See also
Cobus Kellermann
Kenneth Maillard

References

Living people
Irish business executives
1960 births
Irish expatriates in South Africa

David Dawson Cosgrove