Porn of the Dead is a 2006 pornographic horror film written and directed by Rob Rotten.

Plot

Porn of the Dead has no overarching plot or storyline; instead it consists of five unconnected sequences which depict people having sex with the undead in a world which appears to be experiencing the onset of a zombie plague.

The film begins with a man finding a dazed, emaciated, and filth-encrusted woman in a waitress's uniform stumbling down a road. The man forces the woman into his car, and takes her to a house, where he strangles her in a pit full of plastic, newspapers, and body parts. The killer leaves to get a protective suit and an axe, and when he returns he finds nothing but the woman's discarded clothing in the hole. As the man scours pit in confusion, the now undead woman reappears, and attacks him, ripping off his gear, and performing fellatio on him. The man and the zombie have rough sex, which ends when the zombie bites the man's penis off, resulting in her being "facialized" by blood.

A girl is then shown in her bedroom, masturbating with a toy while fantasizing about being intimate with a male zombie. The girl and the zombie have sex, and the daydream concludes when the girl has an orgasm in real life. Out in the woods, a group of people are in the middle of filming a porno, when three naked male zombies crash the set. The cast and crew members are either killed (one has his heart ripped out and eaten in front of him) or scared off, leaving the female star of the film to be gangbanged by the ghouls. In a morgue, an employee places a female body on a table, and begins molesting it. The corpse eventually reanimates as a zombie, which the attendant has sex with.

At a psychiatric hospital, an orderly enters a room covered in drawings of inverted crosses, and discovers the female resident lying on the floor, having seemingly killed herself via self-induced head trauma. The orderly removes the patient's straitjacket, and decides to have sex with the body before alerting anyone about the suicide. The girl returns to life as a zombie mid-coitus, and bites one of the orderly's fingertips off, angering him, and prompting him to get rough. After the orderly ejaculates, the zombie rips his innards out with her teeth, and gnaws on them as the man expires.

Cast

 Sierra Sinn as Waitress Zombie
 Hillary Scott as Fantasy Girl
 Trina Michaels as Female Porn Star
 Jenner as Porno Zombie #1
 Nikki Jett as Morgue Zombie
 Ruby as Mental Patient Zombie
 Dirty Harry as Waitress Zombie's Killer
 Alec Knight as Fantasy Zombie
 Trent Tesoro as Male Porn Star
 Buster Good as Porno Zombie #2
 Joey Ray as Porno Zombie #3
 Johnny Thrust as Orderly
 Rob Rotten as Morgue Attendant

Production

Porn of the Dead's DVD release was delayed due to the main distributor, Metro Interactive, being uncomfortable about some of the film's content, which resulted in it being re-edited. Writer and director Rob Rotten was not displeased by this turn of events, giving the official statement, "I think it's a good compromise between me and Metro. I'm really happy with the finished product" to Adult Video News.

Reception

AVN gave the film a four out of five, and wrote "It's visually arresting, with effective theatrical lighting and visual effects added to age and distress the look of it. The original metalcore soundtrack rocks, and the makeup is quite effective. The fucking is hot in that it's highly energetic and angry, but the zombies and humans fucking while covered in blood and gore isn't exactly pretty. There's a humor and seriousness to it that walk hand in hand."

An overall score of two was awarded by XCritic, which stated "Porn of the Dead is an interesting experiment that, while not completely successful, is definitely worth a look for the curious out there. Nice cinematography, a cast of reasonably attractive girls and a decent 'making of' documentary add to the package." A one was bestowed by Rog Reviews, which said "I don't know who this is going to appeal to" and "The sex is never really the focus of the movie. It's more about the music and the make up. Are there people who will get off on this? Probably, but I don't think anyone is going to confuse this with a great jerk-off flick. There are some quality women here, but the focus is so far from beauty and strokeability that I don't think anyone will notice."

Something Awful gave the film a -45, opening with "Dark sets and over-adjusted contrast conceal silly special effects and the cast of uniformly unappealing actresses and actors. There is no overarching plot, just a series of plodding vignettes and vague (often inappropriate) set pieces for zombies and people to fuck each other. The soundtrack is a grinding black metal run-on sentence of garbled screaming that mirrors the erotic effects of running your teeth down a chalkboard". The website concluded its review with "There is nothing redeeming about this movie. It is too murky to function as pornography, too fake to function as a horror movie and it has a repulsive theme sure to send shockwaves through the Bible Belt and prompt vague 'crackdowns' on obscenity. The women are all either ugly or made up so that you can't tell if they are attractive. Porn of the Dead is just one big unappealing mess."

References

External links

Alt porn
2006 films
Punk films
Necrophilia in film
2006 horror films
American serial killer films
American zombie films
Films about pornography
2000s pornographic films
Films shot in California
Pornographic parody films of horror films
2006 direct-to-video films
American pornographic films
Direct-to-video horror films
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Porn of the Dead


Tukreswari Temple (also known as Tukreswari Devalaya) in Goalpara district, Assam is an ancient Hindu temple and is dedicated to Sati as Shakti Peetha. Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of Sati, believed to have enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati. It is believed that an enraged Shiva performed the Tandava dance with Sati's charred body, which led her body came apart and the pieces fell at different places on earth. As per religious faith a portion of Goddess Sati's body part fell in this place and therefore this temple is known as Tukreswari (Tukreswari is derived from the Assamese word Tukura which means fragment or piece).

References

Hindu temples in Assam
Tourist attractions in Assam
Shakti temples

Tukreswari Temple


Stephen Andrew Lynch (born July 28, 1971 in Abington, Pennsylvania) is an American comedian, musician, and actor. He is best known for songs that make fun of pop culture and are a satirical commentary on daily life.

Career
After graduating from Western Michigan University in 1993 with a BA in Drama, Lynch moved to New York City in 1996 to try to act full time. During this time, he also began writing comedic songs and performing the songs in comedy clubs and other places. In 2000, he signed a recording contract with What Are Records?. He later signed with by Vision International in 2002 and began touring all over the United States. Places where he performed include The House of Blues, The Town Hall and the Kennedy Center.

Lynch has released three comedy albums. They are A Little Bit Special (October, 2000), Superhero (January, 2003), and The Craig Machine (October, 2005). He has also released a live show on DVD, Live at the El Ray (September, 2004).

As he became more well known, Lynch began making appearances on many television programs. These include Comedy Central's Premium Blend, The World Comedy Tour, The World Stands Up, and Last Call with Carson Daly. In 2000, he did his Comedy Central Presents special. It was one of the highest rated programs in the network's history. Lynch has also opened for many well-known comedians. These include Jay Mohr, Jeff Foxworthy and Lewis Black. He also co-headlined a tour with Mitch Hedberg in 2004.

Lynch has had parts in five movies, including The Love Seat (1999) and The Confetti Brothers (2001). In 2006, he debuted on Broadway in the musical The Wedding Singer as the main character Robbie Hart. For this, he was nominated for a Tony Award.

After his Broadway tour, Lynch returned to comedy. He toured as part of the Opie and Anthony Traveling Virus Comedy Tour 2007". Lynch's international following led him to headlining a European tour in 2008. He played in Sweden, Norway, Holland, Finland, Scotland, England and Germany.

Discography

Albums

DVD
Live at the El Ray - September, 2004

1971 births
Living people
Comedians from Pennsylvania
Actors from Pennsylvania
Musicians from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors

Stephen Lynch (musician)


Rhetta Hughes (born Dallas, Texas) is an American soul singer and musical theatre and occasional screen actress.

Music and acting career

1960s and before
Although Hughes sang from a young age into adulthood in the choir of a Baptist church in her hometown of Dallas, she had no aspirations to be a professional singer and had been employed for five years as a nurse at Parkland Memorial Hospital in 1963 when an impromptu vocal performance at the local club where her close friend Tennyson Stephens played piano caused the club's managers to hire her. Established as a top local lounge act, Hughes and Stephens were eventually spotted in a Dallas club by  Al Williams - leader of the Four Step Brothers dance troupe - who signed as the duo's manager successfully transferring them to the Chicago nightclub circuit. In 1965 Hughes made her recording debut with an album focused on standards - which billed Hughes as Rheta Hughes and featured Tennyson Stephens - entitled Introducing An Electrifying New Star recorded with producer Ralph Bass for Columbia Records, who would release three singles by Hughes in 1967-68 all produced by Howard Roberts (Hughes' Columbia recording sessions all took place in New York City). Continuing to play nightclubs, Hughes was discovered by Bill Cosby who caught her act at the Redd Foxx Club in Los Angeles, with Hughes resultantly being signed to Tetragrammaton Records, the label Cosby had recently co-founded. After her label debut: "You're Doing It With Her - When It Should Be Me", almost reached the R&B Top 40 in the autumn of 1968, Hughes scored her career record with a mid-tempo R&B rendition of the Doors hit "Light My Fire" which reached #36 on the Billboard R&B chart in February 1969 with the track just falling short of the Billboard Hot 100 peaking at #102 on the "Bubbling Under..." chart (Record World, whose R&B chart afforded Hughes' "Light My Fire" a #26 peak, ranked the track in its 100 Top Pops singles chart with a peak of #78).

Hughes' two Tetragammraton singles were included on a 1969 album release entitled Re-Light My Fire from which two further singles were released without charting.

1970s
Hughes had no further releases on Tetragammraton before the label folded in 1971 but was featured on the track "Mother's Prayer" on the 1971 album As Serious as a Heart-Attack by Melvin Van Peebles, with Hughes also accruing an impressive résumé as a session singer with her vocalizing on the 1974 #1 Roberta Flack hit "Feel Like Makin' Love" earning Hughes a gold record: Hughes session work résumé also includes the Van Dyke Parks album Discover America (1972), the Buffy Sainte-Marie album Moonshot (1972), the 1973 self-titled album by Brenda Patterson, the Bette Midler album Songs for the New Depression (1976), the 1976 self-titled album by Essra Mohawk and the Bobby Rydell album Born With a Smile (1976): a chorale member on the 1976 album Speak No Evil by Buddy Rich & the Big Band Machine, Hughes also vocalized on the track "The Circle" on the 1977 album Loading Zone (it) by guitarist Roy Buchanan.

In the early 1970s Hughes branched out into acting, her first evident credit being the 1971 blaxploitation film Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song which was created by Melvin Van Peebles. Van Peebles next cast her as Earnestine in his 1972 musical Don't Play Us Cheap; a production which marked Hughes debut on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. The musical was subsequently adapted into a 1973 film with Rhetta reprising her role from the stage musical.

Hughes had her second Broadway tenure in the musical Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope in which she impressed audience-member Harry Belafonte: subsequent to performing in Paul Sills' stage adaptation of Ovid's Metamorphoses at the 1973 Festival dei Due Mondi in Umbria Hughes was recruited by Belafonte to serve as second vocalist on his six-month North American tour in 1974, and then again on his eight-month global tour in 1976.

After some time away from performing tending her ailing mother in Dallas, Hughes led the national touring company of Bubbling Brown Sugar from July 1977 to May 1978: also in 1978 an uncredited Hughes was featured in the chorale for the 1978 film musical The Wiz. In March 1979 Hughes was cast as second lead in an upcoming Broadway show Got Tu Go Disco - highly touted as "the first disco musical" - with Hughes casting resulting in her being signed as a recording artist by disco-oriented Aria Productions whose leader Kenny Lehman was Got Tu...s musical director/supervisor. Although Got Tu... would not noticeably last beyond its June 1979 opening Lehman would in fact produce Hughes' third album: Starpiece, released in 1980, which year also saw Hughes co-starring in the original off-Broadway musical Paris Lights as Josephine Baker.

1980s
In 1981 Hughes co-starred in the Ford's Theater (D.C.) revival of the 1961 off-Broadway musical Black Nativity, performed in an off-Broadway revival of the musical Raisin mounted at the Equity Library Theatre, and  play the second female lead Missy in a one-off staging of Purlie at the Lehman College Center for the Performing Arts taped for broadcast on Showtime. In 1982 - in a rare non-musical stage role - Hughes portrayed the maid in an all-black version of Long Day's Journey Into Night taped for the MT&R and broadcast by ABC-TV.

During a 1983 tenure in the Broadway hit musical Dreamgirls (as a chorus line member and understudy for the role of "Dreamgirl" Lorrell), Hughes was cast for the lead role in the upcoming Amen Corner, a highly touted new musical which - despite a promising "try-out" September engagement at Ford's Theater (D.C.) - would close less than five weeks subsequent to its inaugural November 1, 1983 preview, although Hughes performance would earn a Tony Award nomination in the category Best Actress in a Musical: Hughes, who had been featured on the cast album for the stage musical Don't Play Us Cheap, would be featured on the cast album recorded for Amen Corner. Also in 1983 Hughes recorded two dance tracks for Kenny Lehman's Aria Productions: "Angel Man (G.A.)" and "Crisis", which ranked on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart with respective peaks of #1 and #20, with "Angel Man" becoming a minor R&B chart hit (#88). And Hughes would reprise her Black Nativity role when that musical was presented before Pope John Paul II in a December 23, 1983 performance in Vatican City. Hughes later stage musical résumé would include a 1984 off-Broadway revival of Take Me Along, a 1985 off-off-Broadway turn in the non-musical drama Long Time Since Yesterday, the 1987 national tour of Dreamgirls (reprising her Broadway role), and God's Trombones! a 1989 original off Broadway musical inspired by James Weldon Johnson's inspirational verse classic "God's Trombones": also Hughes participated in the Kool Jazz Festival's salute to Ethel Waters held at Avery Fisher Hall (UWS) June 27, 1985. In May 1988 Hughes appeared in the Fox Theater (Atlanta) premiere production Moms, supporting Clarice Taylor who portrayed Moms Mabley: the production would subsequently play engagements in Cleveland and Philadelphia. Hughes continued to accrue occasional screen credits with a co-starring role in the 1985 exploitation film Tenement and a supporting role in the mainstream but barely-released 1986 movie A Killing Affair, and also guest roles on the TV series Knightwatch and Law & Order in respectively 1988 and 1991.

1990s and beyond
In the summer of 1991 Hughes accepted an offer to co-star as Josephine Baker's mother in a new Dutch stage musical  whose director: Billy Wilson, had worked (as choreographer) with Hughes in the 1977-78 national tour of Bubbling Brown Sugar: Josephine: the Musical began its premiere run at the Luxor Theatre (Rotterdam) (nl) September 19, 1991 with subsequent engagements in other European venues. Hughes remained in the Netherlands for several years residing in Amsterdam and appearing  in local musical stage productions including Bubbling Brown Sugar (1993) and the gospel music revue The Glory of Gospel (1996), being featured on the cast albums for the latter two productions as she had been with Josephine....

In 2008 Hughes returned to session singing for the album Subway Silence by Dutch vocalist Giovanca (nl).

Personal
In recent years Hughes has resided in Dallas tending her mother.

References

 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0400874/
 http://www.ibdb.com/person.asp?id=45899

1939 births
Living people
Singers from Dallas
American rhythm and blues musicians
American dance musicians
American women singers
American musical theatre actresses
21st-century American women

Rhetta Hughes


A big band is a type of musical group that plays jazz music. They were very popular in the 1930s and 1940s. A big band usually has between 12 and 25 musicians. They include a singer and people who play instruments like saxophones, trumpets, trombones, drums. Some famous big band leaders were Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Glenn Miller, Cab Calloway and Count Basie.

Sources

Musical groups

Big band


Thomas David Gordon (born 1954) (also known as T. David Gordon) is a professor, media ecologist, author, pastor, and Reformed Christian theologian.

Thomas David Gordon was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1954. Gordon received a B.L.A. from Roanoke College, a M.A.R. and Th.M. from Westminster Theological Seminary, and Ph. D. from Union Theological Seminary in Virginia where he wrote a dissertation titled Paul's Understanding of the Law: A Tri-polar Analysis (1984).
 Gordon served as Professor of New Testament and Greek at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in Massachusetts from 1984 to 1998, and professor of Greek and Religious Studies at Grove City College in Pennsylvania from 1999 to the present. He also served as Pastor in Christ Presbyterian Church, a Presbyterian Church in America congregation in Nashua, New Hampshire, from 1989 to 1998. He has published numerous peer reviewed articles and well-known books including, Why Johnny Can't Preach: The Media Have Shaped the Messengers (2009) and Why Johnny Can't Sing Hymns: How Pop Culture Re-Wrote the Hymnal (2010).

References

External links
T. David Gordon Personal site
Grove City College faculty page

Roanoke College alumni
American Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American male non-fiction writers
American biblical scholars
Westminster Theological Seminary alumni
Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary faculty
Union Presbyterian Seminary alumni
Grove City College faculty
Living people
1954 births
People from Richmond, Virginia
Presbyterian Church in America ministers
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
21st-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Hermeneutists

Thomas David Gordon


The Cattaro (Italian province), called in Italian Provincia italiana di Cattaro was an administrative section of the Governorate of Dalmatia, created during World War II by the Kingdom of Italy with Regio Decreto Legge of May 18, 1941.

Characteristics

The newly created province had approximately the borders of the Albania veneta, that was part of the Republic of Venice until 1797 in southern Dalmatia.

In the province of Cattaro there were the cities of Cattaro, Perasto, Risan|, Teodo and Castelnuovo di Cattaro. The province had a small territory around the "Bocche di Cattaro" (Boka Kotorska) of 547 km² and nearly 39,800 inhabitants. The island of Saseno in Albania was annexed to the province, after separating it from the province of Zara (since 1920 this little island was part of Italy).

The population was mostly Slav, but there were nearly 3,000 autochthonous Italians, descendants from the Dalmatian Italians since Roman times: they were concentrated in the areas of Cattaro and Perasto.

History

Italian General Vittorio Ambrosio conquered in a few days all the Dalmatian coast of Yugoslavia, and occupied the area around Cattaro (called "Kotor" since 1919) in April 1941.

The new Italian province of Cattaro was created by order of Italian leader Benito Mussolini the next month, with the "May 19 Treaty between Italy and Croatia". Francesco Scassellati Sforzolini was named "Prefect" of the Cattaro province, serving from June 1941 to June 1943.

The governorship of the Cattaro province (and all the Governorate of Dalmatia) was held by Giuseppe Bastianini until January 1943 when he was recalled to Italy to join the cabinet; his place as governor was taken by Francesco Giunta.

In summer 1941 the Italian government started a policy of Italianization in all the Governorate of Dalmatia. New Italian schools were opened in the "Bocche di Cattaro" (now called Boka Kotorska). Administrative personnel from Italy moved to Cattaro city (nearly 6,700 Dalmatian Italians took refuge in Italy after the creation of Jugoslavia in 1919, and many of them were offered work if they returned to settle with their families in the Governorate of Dalmatia). Bastianini started needed public works, building hospitals, sewage and roads in the area.

Some 500 Jews took refuge in the Cattaro province, after escaping the Ustasha and Nazi German persecution in their areas of former Jugoslavia.

The province was spared the bloody guerrilla, that happened in the rest of Italian-occupied Montenegro, until mid-September 1943 when Germans took control of the area and the Italian province of Cattaro disappeared. The Italian Division "Emilia" of the "XIV° Corpo d'Armata" fought the German occupation of the Province of Cattaro, having 597 deaths e 963 wounded soldiers, from September 9 until September 16, 1943.

"Comuni" of the Province of Cattaro
These were 15 "comuni" (municipalities) in the Italian Province of Cattaro. The first name is in Italian, the second in Montenegrin-Serbian and the third in Croatian:

Cattaro / Cotor (Kotor)
Cartolle / Krtole
Castelnuovo di Cattaro / Hercegnovi (Herceg Novi)
Dobroto / Dobrota
Gruda / Gruda
Lastua Inferiore / Donia Lastovo (Donja Lastva)
Lustizza / Lustiza (Luštica)
Mulla / Muo
Perasto / Perast
Perzagno / Prčanj
Risano / Risan
Stolivo Inferiore / Donji Stoliv
Sutorina / Sutorina
Teodo / Tivai (Tivat)
Zuppa / Grbali

Related pages
 Dalmatian Italians
 Albania veneta
 Italian cultural and historic presence in Dalmatia
 Venice and Dalmatia
 Cattaro
 Spalato (Italian province)
 Zara (Italian province)

Notes

1940s in Italy
1941 in Europe
1942 in Europe
1943 in Europe
History of Montenegro

Province of Cattaro


The Franco-Dutch War, also known as the Dutch War (French: Guerre de Hollande; Dutch: Hollandse Oorlog), was fought between France and the Dutch Republic, supported by the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Brandenburg-Prussia and Denmark-Norway.

In its early stages, France was allied with Münster and Cologne, as well as England. The 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War and 1675 to 1679 Scanian War are considered related conflicts.

Wars involving Europe

Franco-Dutch War


Morganucodon is an early mammaliaform genus.p79 It lived during the latest Upper Triassic or earliest Jurassic.p299

Unlike many other early mammals, Morganucodon is known from abundant and well preserved material. Most of this comes from Glamorgan in Wales (Morganucodon watsoni).

According to Kemp, it is impossible to say whether the rock fissures (cracks), where the remains were found, are latest Triassic or earliest Jurassic.p142

Morganucodon first appeared about 205 million years ago.  "It was a small animal with a skull 2-3 cm in length and a body length of about 10 cm [4 inches]. In general appearance it would have looked like a shrew or mouse".p143

Distribution
Fossils have also been found in the Yunnan Province in China (Morganucodon oehleri), in various parts of Europe and North America and some at least closely related animals (Megazostrodon) are known from exquisite fossils from South Africa.p21/33, 174

Physiology
From their size and teeth, they may have been insectivores.p300
The small size suggests some kind of temperature regulation, which in turn suggests insulation in the form of fur. Nocturnal activity in an animal of this size virtually requires an increased internal production of heat.p124

Brain size is another factor. It is certain that early mammals did have enlarged brains relative to their size. Reconstructions of the brain size has shown this. Apparently, brain size in Mesozoic mammals lay within the lower range of brain size for living mammals. This is an overall increase of four or more times the volume of basal amniote brains. Very likely this involved the development of the neocortex, "one of the most striking of all mammalian characteristics".p120

Is it a mammal?
There has been a long controversy about whether or not to classify it as a mammal. Some prefer to include it in a broader clade called Mammaliaformes.

Morganucodon is regarded as very basal (= primitive). Its lower jaw has some of the bones found in its synapsid ancestors in a very reduced form. Mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary.

The primitive jaw joint between the articular and quadrate bones is still  found in Morganucodon.p107/112 In modern mammals these bones moved into the middle ear and become part of the ear ossicles as malleus and incus, Morganucodon is unusual because, apart from still having the primitive hinge, it has also evolved the derived mammalian one and so has a double jaw joint.

Its tooth replacement and determinate growth, are mammalian features.p324/346 Earlier synapsids replace their teeth throughout life, as sauropsids also do. This is known as "polyphyodonty", while mammals grow only two sets of teeth, in "diphyodonty".

References

Theriodonts

Morganucodon


Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ATP1A2 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases and to the subfamily of Na+/K+-ATPases. Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The catalytic subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes an alpha 2 subunit.

Clinical significance

Mutations in ATP1A2 have been found to cause hemiplegic migraine and epilepsy in an autosomal dominant fashion, sometimes co-occurring in families. Additionally, it has been associated with an unusual form of migraine called alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

References

Further reading

External links
 GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Familial Hemiplegic Migraine

ATP1A2


Washi (和紙) is a traditional Japanese paper. The term is used to describe paper that uses local fiber, processed by hand and made in the traditional way. Washi is made with fibers from the inner bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub, or the paper mulberry bush. As a Japanese craft, it is registered as a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage.

Washi is tougher than ordinary paper made from wood pulp. It is used in many traditional arts. Origami, Shodo, and Ukiyo-e were all produced using washi. Washi was also used to make many goods like clothes, household goods, and toys. It was even used to make wreaths that were given to winners in the 1998 Winter Paralympics.

References

Japanese paper

Washi


The Chatillon–DeMenil Mansion, located at 3352 DeMenil Place in Benton Park, St. Louis, Missouri, was begun in 1848 for the pioneer Henry Chatillon, then enlarged to its present form by prominent St. Louis businessman Nicolas DeMenil from 1855 to 1863.  The house serves as a house museum, and according to its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, described "as being the finest example of Greek Revival architecture in the Midwest."

Original home
The property where the house was built was part of a five-acre tract purchased by Odile Delor Lux, a granddaughter of Clement Delor de Treget, the founder of Carondelet, Missouri. The property originally was part of the St. Louis common fields. In 1848, Lux married Henry Chatillon, who had become somewhat famous as the leader of the expedition of Francis Parkman in The Oregon Trail.
By 1849, a house stood on the property owned by Chatillons. The early house was a simple, two-story brick farmhouse with four rooms and a one-slope roof.

Regardless of Chatillon's renown, parcels of the tract were sold in 1850, and the remainder of the property (including the farmhouse) was sold in 1855. The purchaser was Nicolas DeMenil, a French physician who in October 1836 married Emilie Sophie Chouteau, the descendant of both of the founders of St. Louis. DeMenil and his wife initially purchased the house in 1856 with another family.  By the beginning of the Civil War they decided to reside in it year-round, and bought out the interest of the other family. The DeMenils hired Henry Pitcher, a carpenter and contractor, to remodel and expand it in the Greek Revival Style.

The house is surrounded by numerous historic buildings, including the former Lemp and still-operating Anheuser-Busch Breweries; there are other nearby buildings of historic interest, The Lemp Mansion at 3322 Demenil Pl. is located just to the north of the house.  It is also located in the Cherokee Street Antique Row.

Renovations and expansion
The house's western side was expanded . This addition consisted of three stories, two porches, and possibly the carriage house. Renovations were complete by 1863. However, due to development in the surrounding area (partly financed by DeMenil himself), the view of the river was obstructed from the house, and the front entrance was moved to face 13th Street; balustrades and a porch were added to improve the appearance of the new entrance in 1879. Nicolas DeMenil died shortly after completing the new entrance; his son, Alexander DeMenil, inherited the home and lived in it until his death in 1928. A third generation of DeMenils moved into the home only to find the once bucolic surrounding of the house had become a bustling urban neighborhood, and moved in 1940.

Paleontology, decline and renovation
In 1940, local pharmaceutical manufacturer Lee Hess converted the home into apartments, reserving one for himself and his wife. Hess had purchased the property in part for the extensive system of caves under the property, which he opened as a tourist attraction.  Newly christened by Hess as "Cherokee Cave" the caves were open to visitors until the demolition of its entrance underneath present-day Interstate 55.  Due to the discovery of the remains of a peccary of the genus Platygonus, the noted paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson proceeded to move into the home, using it as a staging area for investigating the remains of prehistoric animals in the caves. The cave system had once served as the lagering cellars for the nearby Lemp Brewery in the Nineteenth Century.

By the 1950s, the home was becoming derelict, and plans for Interstate 55 called for the demolition of the home. However, a route change in 1961 permitted the home to be saved by the Landmarks Association of St. Louis. The Union Electric Company contributed to the purchase of the home and sponsored its renovation in concert with the Landmarks Association, and the Missouri Department of Transportation agreed to the plan.  In summer 1964, renovations began under the authority of architect Gerhardt Kramer, and the home was dedicated the next year. The Landmarks Association created the Chatillon–DeMenil House Foundation as owner of the house, and it continues to operate the home as a museum.

References

External links
 Chatillon–DeMenil Mansion – official site

Architecture of St. Louis
Landmarks of St. Louis
Museums in St. Louis
Historic house museums in Missouri
Houses in St. Louis
Greek Revival houses in Missouri
1843 establishments in Missouri
1973 establishments in Missouri
Tourist attractions in St. Louis
Buildings and structures in St. Louis

Chatillon–DeMenil House


2β-Propanoyl-3β-(4-tolyl)tropane also known as WF-11 or 2-PTT is a cocaine analogue 20 times more potent than cocaine at binding to the dopamine transporter with increased selectivity for the norepinephrine transporters. It also shows marked increase in metabolic stability. In contrast to the findings of cocaine effects, WF-11 has been shown to produce a uniform downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase protein and activity gene expression with a regimen of use.

See also
 List of cocaine analogues
 RTI-32

References

Tropanes
Stimulants
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Ketones

2β-Propanoyl-3β-(4-tolyl)-tropane


Ordos Mongolian (also Urdus; Mongolian ; Chinese 鄂尔多斯 È'ěrduōsī) is a variety of Central Mongolic spoken in the Ordos City region in Inner Mongolia and historically by Ordos Mongols. It is alternatively classified as a language within the Mongolic language family or as a dialect of the standard Mongolian language. Due to the research of Antoine Mostaert, the development of this dialect can be traced back 100 years.

The Ordos vowel-phoneme system in word-initial syllables is similar to that of Chakhar Mongolian, the most notable difference being that it has [e] and [e:] instead of [ə] and [ə:]. In southern varieties,  merged into , e.g. while you still say  in Ejin Horo Banner, it has become  in Uxin or the Otog Front Banner. In contrast to the other dialects of Mongolian proper, it retains this distinction in all following syllables including in open word-final syllables, thus resembling the syllable and phoneme structure of Middle Mongolian more than any other Mongolian variety. E.g. MM  Ordos  Khalkha  'mouth', Ordos  Khalkha  () 'short; short sheep's wool'. Accordingly, it could never acquire palatalized consonant phonemes. Due to their persistent existence as short non-initial phonemes,  and  have regressively assimilated *ø and *o, e.g. * >  'star',  >  'offence',  >  'power'. An analogous change took place for some sequences of *a and *u, e.g. *arasu > .

Ordos retains a variant of the old comitative case and shares the innovated directive case. The verb system is not well researched, but employs a notable innovated suffix, , that does not seem to adhere to the common division into three Mongolic verb suffix classes.

The lexicon of Ordos is that of a normal Mongolian dialect, with some Tibetan and Chinese loanwords.

References

Bibliography

 Mostaert, Antoine (1937): Textes oraux ordos. Peiping: The Catholic University.
 Mostaert, Antoine (1941–1944): Dictionnaire ordos, vols. 1-3. Peiping: The Catholic University.
 Sečen, Č. (2003): Ordus aman ayalɣun-daki öbürmiče uruɣul-un ǰokičal buyu iǰilsil  + ,  + -yin tuqai. In: Mongγul kele udq-a ǰokiyal 2003/5: 33–36.
 Sečen, Č., M. Baγatur, Sengge (2002): Ordus aman ayalγun-u sudulul. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
 Sečenbaγatur, Qasgerel, Tuyaγ-a, B. ǰirannige, U Ying ǰe (2005): Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a. .
 Sonum (2008): Ordus aman ayalγun-u üges-ün quriyangγui. Nemen ǰasaγsan debter. Beijing: Ündüsüten-ü keblel-ün qoriy-a.
 Soyultu, I. (1982):Ordus-un aman ayalγun-u -u daγaburi. Öbür mongγul-un yeke surγaγuli 1982/2: 29–43.
 Georg, Stefan: Ordos. In: J. Janhunen (ed.): The Mongolic Languages. London: Routledge. , pp. 193-209.

Agglutinative languages
Mongolic languages
Central Mongolic languages
Ordos City

Ordos Mongolian


ATM serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, symbol ATM, is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks (canonical pathway), oxidative stress, topoisomerase cleavage complexes, splicing intermediates, R-loops and in some cases by single-strand DNA breaks. It phosphorylates several key proteins that initiate activation of the DNA damage checkpoint, leading to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair or apoptosis. Several of these targets, including p53, CHK2, BRCA1, NBS1 and H2AX are tumor suppressors.

In 1995, the gene was discovered by Yosef Shiloh who named its product ATM since he found that its mutations are responsible for the disorder ataxia–telangiectasia. In 1998, the Shiloh and Kastan laboratories independently showed that ATM is a protein kinase whose activity is enhanced by DNA damage.

Introduction
Throughout the cell cycle DNA is monitored for damage. Damages result from errors during replication, by-products of metabolism, general toxic drugs or ionizing radiation. The cell cycle has different DNA damage checkpoints, which inhibit the next or maintain the current cell cycle step. There are two main checkpoints, the G1/S and the G2/M, during the cell cycle, which preserve correct progression. ATM plays a role in cell cycle delay after DNA damage, especially after double-strand breaks (DSBs). ATM is recruited to sites of double strand breaks by DSB sensor proteins, such as the MRN complex. After being recruited, it phosphorylates NBS1, along other DSB repair proteins. These modified mediator proteins then amplify the DNA damage signal, and transduce the signals to downstream effectors such as CHK2 and p53.

Structure
The ATM gene codes for a 350 kDa protein consisting of 3056 amino acids. ATM belongs to the superfamily of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs). The PIKK superfamily comprises six Ser/Thr-protein kinases that show a sequence similarity to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). This protein kinase family includes ATR (ATM- and RAD3-related), DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Characteristic for ATM are five domains. These are from N-terminus to C-terminus the HEAT repeat domain, the FRAP-ATM-TRRAP (FAT) domain, the kinase domain (KD), the PIKK-regulatory domain (PRD) and the FAT-C-terminal (FATC) domain. The HEAT repeats directly bind to the C-terminus of NBS1. The FAT domain interacts with ATM's kinase domain to stabilize the C-terminus region of ATM itself. The KD domain resumes kinase activity, while the PRD and the FATC domain regulate it. The structure of ATM has been solved in several publications using cryo-EM. In the inactive form, the protein forms a homodimer. In the canonical pathway, ATM is activated by the MRN complex and autophosphorylation, forming active monomers capable of phosphorylating several hundred downstream targets. In the non-canonical pathway, e.g. through simulation by oxidative stress, the dimer can be activated by the formation of disulfide bonds. The entire N-terminal domain together with the FAT domain are adopt an α-helical structure, which was initially predicted by sequence analysis. This α-helical structure forms a tertiary structure, which has a curved, tubular shape present for example in the Huntingtin protein, which also contains HEAT repeats. FATC is the C-terminal domain with a length of about 30 amino acids. It is highly conserved and consists of an α-helix.

Function
A complex of the three proteins MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 (XRS2 in yeast), called the MRN complex in humans, recruits ATM to double strand breaks (DSBs) and holds the two ends together. ATM directly interacts with the NBS1 subunit and phosphorylates the histone variant H2AX on Ser139. This phosphorylation generates binding sites for adaptor proteins with a BRCT domain. These adaptor proteins then recruit different factors including the effector protein kinase CHK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. The ATM-mediated DNA damage response consists of a rapid and a delayed response. The effector kinase CHK2 is phosphorylated and thereby activated by ATM. Activated CHK2 phosphorylates phosphatase CDC25A, which is degraded thereupon and can no longer dephosphorylate CDK1-cyclin B, resulting in cell-cycle arrest. If the DSB can not be repaired during this rapid response, ATM additionally phosphorylates MDM2 and p53 at Ser15. p53 is also phosphorylated by the effector kinase CHK2. These phosphorylation events lead to stabilization and activation of p53 and subsequent transcription of numerous p53 target genes including CDK inhibitor p21 which lead to long-term cell-cycle arrest or even apoptosis.

The protein kinase ATM may also be involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, as a regulator of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) whereby old, dysfunctional mitochondria are removed. Increased ATM activity also occurs in viral infection where ATM is activated early during dengue virus infection as part of autophagy induction and ER stress response.

Regulation
A functional MRN complex is required for ATM activation after DSBs. The complex functions upstream of ATM in mammalian cells and induces conformational changes that facilitate an increase in the affinity of ATM towards its substrates, such as CHK2 and p53.
Inactive ATM is present in the cells without DSBs as dimers or multimers. Upon DNA damage, ATM autophosphorylates on residue Ser1981. This phosphorylation provokes dissociation of ATM dimers, which is followed by the release of active ATM monomers. Further autophosphorylation (of residues Ser367 and Ser1893) is required for normal activity of the ATM kinase. Activation of ATM by the MRN complex is preceded by at least two steps, i.e. recruitment of ATM to DSB ends by the mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) which binds to MRE11, and the subsequent stimulation of kinase activity with the NBS1 C-terminus.
The three domains FAT, PRD and FATC are all involved in regulating the activity of the KD kinase domain. The FAT domain interacts with ATM's KD domain to stabilize the C-terminus region of ATM itself. The FATC domain is critical for kinase activity and highly sensitive to mutagenesis. It mediates protein-protein interaction for example with the histone acetyltransferase TIP60 (HIV-1 Tat interacting protein 60 kDa), which acetylates ATM on residue Lys3016. The acetylation occurs in the C-terminal half of the PRD domain and is required for ATM kinase activation and for its conversion into monomers. While deletion of the entire PRD domain abolishes the kinase activity of ATM, specific small deletions show no effect.

Germline mutations and cancer risk

People who carry a heterozygous ATM mutation have increased risk of mainly pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Homozygous ATM mutation confers the disease ataxia–telangiectasia (AT), a rare human disease characterized by cerebellar degeneration, extreme cellular sensitivity to radiation and a predisposition to cancer. All AT patients contain mutations in the ATM gene. Most other AT-like disorders are defective in genes encoding the MRN protein complex. One feature of the ATM protein is its rapid increase in kinase activity immediately following double-strand break formation. The phenotypic manifestation of AT is due to the broad range of substrates for the ATM kinase, involving DNA repair, apoptosis, G1/S, intra-S checkpoint and G2/M checkpoints, gene regulation, translation initiation, and telomere maintenance. Therefore, a defect in ATM has severe consequences in repairing certain types of damage to DNA, and cancer may result from improper repair.  AT patients have an increased risk for breast cancer that has been ascribed to ATM's interaction and phosphorylation of BRCA1 and its associated proteins following DNA damage.

Somatic ATM mutations in sporadic cancers
Mutations in the ATM gene are found at relatively low frequencies in sporadic cancers. According to COSMIC, the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer, the frequencies with which heterozygous mutations in ATM are found in common cancers include 0.7% in 713 ovarian cancers, 0.9% in central nervous system cancers, 1.9% in 1,120 breast cancers,  2.1% in 847 kidney cancers, 4.6% in colon cancers, 7.2% among 1,040 lung cancers and 11.1% in 1790 hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue cancers. Certain kinds of leukemias and lymphomas, including mantle cell lymphoma, T-ALL, atypical B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and T-PLL are also associated with ATM defects. A comprehensive literature search on ATM deficiency in pancreatic cancer, that captured 5,234 patients, estimated that the total prevalence of germline or somatic ATM mutations in pancreatic cancer was 6.4%. ATM mutations may serve as predictive biomarkers of response for certain therapies, since preclinical studies have found that ATM deficiency can sensitise some cancer types to ATR inhibition.

Frequent epigenetic deficiencies of ATM in cancers
ATM is one of the DNA repair genes frequently hypermethylated in its promoter region in various cancers (see table of such genes in Cancer epigenetics).  The promoter methylation of ATM causes reduced protein or mRNA expression of ATM.

More than 73% of brain tumors were found to be methylated in the ATM gene promoter and there was strong inverse correlation between ATM promoter methylation and its protein expression (p < 0.001).

The ATM gene promoter was observed to be hypermethylated in 53% of small (impalpable) breast cancers and was hypermethylated in 78% of stage II or greater breast cancers with a highly significant correlation (P = 0.0006) between reduced ATM mRNA abundance and aberrant methylation of the ATM gene promoter.

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the ATM promoter methylation status of paired tumors and surrounding histologically uninvolved lung tissue was found to be 69% and 59%, respectively.  However, in more advanced NSCLC the frequency of ATM promoter methylation was lower at 22%.  The finding of ATM promoter methylation in surrounding histologically uninvolved lung tissue suggests that ATM deficiency may be present early in a field defect leading to progression to NSCLC.

In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, 42% of tumors displayed ATM promoter methylation.

DNA damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer, and deficiencies in DNA repair likely underlie many forms of cancer.  If DNA repair is deficient, DNA damage tends to accumulate. Such excess DNA damage may increase mutational errors during DNA replication due to error-prone translesion synthesis. Excess DNA damage may also increase epigenetic alterations due to errors during DNA repair. Such mutations and epigenetic alterations may give rise to cancer.  The frequent epigenetic deficiency of ATM in a number of cancers likely contributed to the progression of those cancers.

Meiosis
ATM functions during meiotic prophase.  The wild-type ATM gene is expressed at a four-fold increased level in human testes compared to somatic cells (such as skin fibroblasts).  In both mice and humans, ATM deficiency results in female and male infertility.  Deficient ATM expression causes severe meiotic disruption during prophase I.  In addition, impaired ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair has been identified as a likely cause of aging of mouse and human oocytes.  Expression of the ATM gene, as well as other key DSB repair genes, declines with age in mouse and human oocytes and this decline is paralleled by an increase of DSBs in primordial follicles.  These findings indicate that ATM-mediated homologous recombinational repair is a crucial function of meiosis.

Inhibitors
Several ATM kinase inhibitors are currently known, some of which are already in clinical trials. One of the first discovered ATM inhibitors is caffeine with an IC50 of 0.2 mM and only a low selectivity within the PIKK family. Wortmannin is an irreversible inhibitor of ATM with no selectivity over other related PIKK and PI3K kinases. The most important group of inhibitors are compounds based on the 3-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-2-one scaffold. The first important representative is the inhibitor is Dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235), which was first published by Novartis as a selective mTOR/PI3K inhibitor. It was later shown to also inhibit other PIKK kinases such as ATM, DNA-PK and ATR. Various optimisation efforts by AstraZeneca (AZD0156, AZD1390), Merck (M4076) and Dimitrov et al. have led to highly active ATM inhibitors with greater potency.

Interactions
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated has been shown to interact with:

 Abl gene,
 BRCA1,
 Bloom syndrome protein,
 DNA-PKcs,
 FANCD2,
 MRE11A,
 Nibrin,
 P53,
 RAD17,
 RAD51,
 RBBP8,
 RHEB,
 RRM2B,
 SMC1A
 TERF1,  and
 TP53BP1.

Tefu
The Tefu protein of Drosophila melanogaster is a structural and functional homolog of the human ATM protein.  Tefu, like ATM, is required for DNA repair and normal levels of meiotic recombination in oocytes.

See also
 Ataxia telangiectasia
 Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related

References

Further reading

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060107000211/http://www.hprd.org/protein/06347
 Drosophila telomere fusion - The Interactive Fly
  GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Ataxia telangiectasia
  OMIM entries on Ataxia telangiectasia

Proteins
EC 2.7.11

ATM serine/threonine kinase


Christian Ignatius Latrobe (12 February 1758 – 6 May 1836) was an English clergyman of the Moravian Church, as well as an artist, musician and composer. He created a large number of works for, and most famously edited, a Selection of Sacred Music in six volumes between 1806 and 1826, introducing the sacred music of Haydn, Mozart and Pergolesi and other European continental composers who were largely unknown to English audiences.

Life
He was born in the Fulneck Moravian Settlement, near Leeds, to the Reverend Benjamin Latrobe, of Huguenot descent, and the American-born Anna Margaretta Antes. His brother was Benjamin Henry Latrobe, the noted architect responsible for the United States Capitol and the Catholic cathedral of Baltimore, Maryland.

In 1771, Christian Latrobe went to Niesky in the Upper Lusatia region of Saxony in Germany, to attend the Moravian College there. On completion of his training he taught at the high school attached to the college for a while, after which he returned to England and was ordained in 1784.

As a promoter of the missionary activity of the Church, in 1815 Latrobe voyaged to the Cape of Good Hope to visit the Moravian mission stations there. Once there, he journeyed from Genadendal to George, Uitenhage, and the Great Fish River. He planned the founding of a new mission station called Enon on the Witrivier near Kirkwood. He described his journey with coloured illustrations in Journal of a Visit to South Africa in 1815 and 1816: With Some Account of the Missionary Settlements of the United Brethren, Near the Cape of Good Hope. Years after his death, a collection of letters written to each of his children during his South African voyage was published.

Latrobe translated George Henry Loskiel's book "Geschichte der mission der evangelischen Brüder unter den Indianern in Nordamerika" as History of the Mission of the United Brethren Among the Indians in North America in 1794. He also helped Charles Burney by translating material from German for his multi-volume "A General History of Music."

Latrobe often brought newly published music from the Continent to England in the early 19th century.  He purchased a number of music scores and oratorios from Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig, near Niesky, when they were not published due to a perceived lack of interest. In an 1817 letter to Vincent Novello Latrobe mentioned a conversation with Gottfried Christoph Härtel in Leipzig concerning works "...printed -- and a whole wheelbarrow full of [manuscript] music scores and some good German oratorios which I bought for a trifle." Among these acquisitions may have been a Mozart arrangement of Handel's Judas Maccabaeus (1747) discovered in 2001 in Halifax, West Yorkshire.

Latrobe recalled that not long after Haydn arrived in England in 1790, he called at Latrobe's home. After confirming that he was at the correct place, Haydn asked Mrs. Latrobe "be you his woman?" and spotting a picture of himself said "dat is me – I am Haydn". Mrs. Latrobe hurriedly sent for her husband who was at a house nearby. A fairly close friendship grew out of this meeting and Latrobe became a regular visitor at Haydn's home during his two stays in England.

Latrobe dedicated a set of three piano sonatas to Joseph Haydn. He also wrote clarinet concertos (now lost), duets and arias, and more than a hundred vocal pieces, among which were "Lord of Life Now Sweetly Slumber", "How Shall a Mortal Song Aspire" (from his cantata "Dawn of Glory"), "Psalm 51" ("Miserere mei Deus") and "We Praise Thee, Oh God". The bulk of Latrobe's musical works reside in Moravian Church archives in Herrnhut, Germany, Christiansfeld, Denmark, and at the Moravian Music Foundation in Winston-Salem, NC and Bethlehem, PA. A number of works attributed to him reside at the Warsaw University Library, but several may be compositions by his brother Johann Friedrich (Boneval) de La Trobe (1769-1845).

He died in the Fairfield Moravian Settlement on 6 May 1836, at the age of 78, and was buried there.

Works
Trauer-Cantate auf das Ableben Johann Christian Friedrichs, Freyherrn von Wattewille, in Musik gesezt ... in einen Klavierauszug gebracht ... von Johannes Sörensen (Rudolstadt, Hof-Buchdruckerei, 1786)
Sonatinas [Es, C, F, B, D, h] for the piano forte (London, F. Bland, 1787)
Hymn-tunes [a 4 v] sung in the Church of the United Brethren (London, J. Bland; for the author)
Three sonatas [A, d, B] for the piano forte ... op. III [Dedicated to Haydn] (London, J. Bland; for the author, 1791)
Dies irae, &c., an ancient hymn on the Last Judgment, translated from the Latin by the ... Earl of Roscommon ... adapted for the piano forte and four voices (London, for the author, 1799)
Six airs [Sing-St./pf], the words on serious subjects ... set to music (London, Robert Birchall (Thompson), n.d.)
The dawn of glory. A hymn on the bliss of the redeemed at the Last Day ... adapted for the piano forte & voices (London, Robert Birchall; for the author, 1803)
Anthem for the celebration of the jubilee, or commencement of the fiftieth year of the reign of our most gracious sovereign George the Third, October 25th 1809. The words taken from the XXth & XXIst Psalms : for four voices with accompanyments ... adapted for the piano forte and voices (London: Printed for the author ... sold also by R. Birchall, 1809)
Anthems for 1, 2 or more voices, performed in the Church of the United Brethren ... (London, s.n., 1811)
Meditation at the grave of a beloved son, set to music [Sing-St./pf] (London, s.n., 1812)
Miserere mei deus! Psalm LI ... adapted for the organ or piano forte and voices (London, Birchall; L. B. Seely; Chappell & Co.; for the author, 1814)
Te Deum Laudamus, for four voices, accompanied by various instruments ... adapted for the piano forte or organ (London, Holborn; Lonsdale; L. B. Seely; Chappell, 1814)
Anthem for Maundy Thursday, sung at Lichtenfels [Greenland], one of the settlements of the United Brethren [s.l., s.n.]
Anthems for One, Two, or more Voices Performed in the Church of the United Brethren, Collected and the Instrumental Parts adapted for the Organ or Piano Forte, Composed by Various Authors (London, 1811)
In memory of a beloved sister, who died at Bedford, July 27th, 1824 [Sing-St./pf] (London, E. Lomax; for I. H. Foster)
Original anthems for one, two, or more voices, adapted for private devotion or public worship, composed and the accompaniments arranged for the piano forte or organ (London, for the author, 1828 & 1830)
Hymn-Tunes Sung in the Church of the United Brethren, Collected by Chrn. Igns. LaTrobe. A new Edition revised & corrected with an Appendix (London, 1826)

Family
Christian Latrobe married Hannah Benigna Syms (28 October 1758 – 18 April 1824). Their children were:
Charlotte Louisa Latrobe (1794–1879)
Peter Latrobe (15 February 1795 – 24 September 1863), Bishop of the Moravian Church, married firstly Mary Louisa Foster on 27 December 1825, had issue, and secondly Jeanetta Margaret Brett
Anna Agnes Latrobe (1796–1832)
John Antes Latrobe (1799–1878), writer on music, unmarried
Charles Joseph La Trobe (20 March 1801 – 4 December 1875), Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria, married firstly Sophie de Montmollin (died 30 January 1854) on 16 September 1835 in Bern, Switzerland, and secondly Rose Isabelle de Montmollin,
Frederick Benjamin Latrobe (1803 – 11 December 1842), married Elizabeth Scott.

Illustrations by Latrobe from Journal of a Visit to South Africa

Notes

References
Latrobe genealogy
The Musical Times (1851)

 Cowgill, Rachel (2000). The Papers of Christian Ignatius Latrobe: New Light on Musicians, Music and the Christian Family in Late Eighteenth Century England, in Music in Eighteenth-Century Britain, ed. by David Wyn Jones (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000), 234-58

External links

 Works by (or edited by) Christian Ignatius Latrobe at the Moravian Music Foundation.
Travel Diary of Latrobe set to his music
Family tree in Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Estland,  Görlitz 1930

1758 births
1836 deaths
English people of American descent
People from Pudsey
English Moravian ministers
English Protestant missionaries
English composers
Moravian Church missionaries
Writers of the Moravian Church
Burials in Greater Manchester
Protestant missionaries in South Africa

Christian Ignatius Latrobe


Michael Ndiko (born 28 November 1977) is a former Ugandan international cricketer who represented the Ugandan national team between 2004 and 2013. He played as a right-handed opening batsman.

Ndiko made his debut for Uganda in a 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup game against Namibia, which held first-class status. Opening the batting with Benjamin Musoke, he had the distinction of facing Uganda's first ball in first-class cricket, and was also the first to be dismissed (run out by Louis Burger for 23). Ndiko was retained for Uganda's second and final Intercontinental Cup match of 2004, against Kenya, and made a third first-class appearance in the tournament's 2005 edition (also against Kenya). After that, he did not reappear for the national team for over eight years, eventually returning to the Ugandan squad for the 2013 World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Bermuda. He played in only one match, however, scoring seven runs opening the batting with Arthur Kyobe against Oman.

References

External links
Player profile and statistics at CricketArchive
Player profile and statistics at ESPNcricinfo

1977 births
Living people
Ugandan cricketers

Michael Ndiko


Paul Michael Chaikin (born November 14, 1945, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American physicist known particularly for many significant contributions to the field of soft condensed matter physics.

Education and research career

After graduating from Stuyvesant High School in New York City, Paul Chaikin earned his B.S. in physics from California Institute of Technology in 1966, and his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 working with Kondo superconductors. He joined the physics faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1972 and studied thermopower, density waves, and high field phenomena mostly in organic superconductors. The lure of actually seeing the microscopics of a system led him to soft matter. He helped develop techniques to measure elasticity and motion and understand colloidal interactions. Hard and soft matter interests continued after joining the faculty at UPenn (1983), the staff at Exxon Research (1983) and the faculty at Princeton University (1988).

His interests in geometry/topology led to his founding contributions to diblock copolymer nanolithography, and studies of defects, annealing, and pattern formation. He helped demonstrate and explain why ellipsoids pack more densely than spheres. In 2005 he helped found the Center for Soft Matter Research at New York University. His more recent research centers on artificial self-replication, self-assembly, active matter, DNA nanotechnology, topological defects on curved surfaces, and quantifying order far from equilibrium.

He is currently a Silver professor of physics at New York University.

Books

"Principles of Condensed Matter Physics"  with Tom Lubensky (published by Cambridge University Press)

"The Adult Coloring Book: Phases of Matter"  with Colm P. Kelleher, Rodrigo E. Guerra, and Andrew D. Hollingsworth (published by Green Frog Publishing)

Awards

Awards include a Sloan Fellowship (1979–81), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1997), and election to both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2003) and the National Academy of Sciences (2004). In 2009 he won a World Technology Award for individual contribution in materials research. He has been awarded the 2018 Oliver Buckley Prize with the citation "for pioneering contributions that opened new directions in the field of soft condensed matter physics through innovative studies of colloids, polymers, and packing."

References

External links
Oral history interview transcript with Paul Chaikin on 22 July 2020, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
Paul Chaikin Biography
NYU Faculty Biography
NYU Department of Physics

1945 births
Living people
Stuyvesant High School alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
21st-century American physicists
New York University faculty
American science writers
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Scientists from New York (state)
Sloan Research Fellows
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners

Paul Chaikin


Radio Italiana 531 is one of Adelaide, Australia's two "on band" dedicated non-English language commercial radio services. Radio Italiana 531 broadcasts an Adelaide-based Italian language radio service.

The radio station was established in the 1990s, and commenced transmissions under an Australian Broadcasting Authority Temporary Community Broadcasting Licence (TCBL).  The broadcasts on 92.9 FM were time shared with youth/dance community radio station Fresh FM, and in the licensing process both organisations applied for the full-time permanent FM broadcasting licence.

While Fresh FM was ultimately successful in gaining its licence and moving frequency to 92.7, this left the Italian Language station without a frequency. In the months following the grant of the FM community licence to Fresh FM, an additional AM licence became available. This licence was to be issued on a frequency which became available upon the previous licensee 5UV (Radio Adelaide) moving to an FM frequency.

531AM was auctioned by the Australian Broadcasting Authority for use as a narrowcast service, and the final and successful bid was won by Radio Televisione Italiana (SA) Inc, and the station is licensed as 5RTI.

References

External links

Italian-Australian culture
Radio stations in Adelaide
Ethnic radio stations in Australia

Radio Italiana 531


Walk the Line is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by James Mangold. The screenplay, written by Mangold and Gill Dennis, is based on two autobiographies by the American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash:  Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words (1975) and Cash: The Autobiography (1997). The film follows Cash's early life, his romance with the singer June Carter, his ascent in the country music scene, and his  drug addiction. It stars Joaquin Phoenix as Cash, Reese Witherspoon as Carter, Ginnifer Goodwin as Cash's first wife Vivian Liberto, and Robert Patrick as Cash's father.

Walk the Line premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4, 2005, and was theatrically released by  20th Century Fox on November 18. It received positive reviews and grossed $187 million on a $28 million budget. At the 78th Academy Awards, the film won Best Actress (Witherspoon) and was also nominated for Best Actor (Phoenix), Best Sound, Best Costume Design, and Best Film Editing.

Plot

In 1968, as an audience of inmates at Folsom State Prison cheer for Johnny Cash, he waits backstage near a table saw, reminding him of his early life.

In 1944, 12-year-old Johnny is raised on a cotton farm in Dyess, Arkansas, with his brother Jack, abusive father Ray, and mother Carrie. One day, Jack is killed in a sawmill accident while Johnny is out fishing; Ray blames Johnny for Jack's death, saying that the Devil "took the wrong son".

In 1950, Johnny enlists in the U.S. Air Force and is stationed in West Germany. He purchases a guitar, and in 1952, finds solace in writing songs, one of which he develops as "Folsom Prison Blues".

After his discharge in 1954, Cash returns to the United States and marries his girlfriend, Vivian Liberto. The couple moves to Memphis, Tennessee, where Cash works as a door-to-door salesman to support his growing family, but with little success. He walks past a recording studio, which inspires him to organize a band to play gospel music. Cash's band auditions for Sam Phillips, the owner of Sun Records. Phillips signs them after they play "Folsom Prison Blues", and the band begins touring as Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Two, alongside fellow rising stars Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins and Jerry Lee Lewis.

On tour, Johnny meets June Carter, with whom he falls in love. They become friends, but June gently rebuffs his attempts to woo her. As Johnny's fame grows, he starts abusing drugs and alcohol.

Over Vivian's objections, Johnny persuades June to go tour with him. The tour is a success, but backstage, Vivian becomes critical of June's influence. After one performance in Las Vegas, Johnny and June sleep together. The next morning, she notices Johnny taking pills, and doubts her choices. At that evening's concert, Johnny, upset by June's apparent rejection, behaves erratically and eventually passes out on stage. June disposes of Johnny's drugs, and begins to write "Ring of Fire", describing her feelings for him and her pain at watching him descend into addiction.

Returning to California, Johnny travels to Mexico to purchase more drugs and is arrested. Johnny's marriage to Vivian implodes; they divorce and he moves to Nashville in 1966. Trying to reconcile with June, Johnny purchases a large house near a lake in Hendersonville. His parents and the extended Carter family arrive for Thanksgiving, at which time Ray and an intoxicated Johnny get into a bitter argument. After the meal, June's mother encourages her daughter to help Cash. He goes into detox and wakes with June; she says they have been given a second chance. They begin a tentative relationship, but June rebuffs his marriage proposals.

Johnny discovers that most of his fan mail is from prisoners. He proposes to skeptical Columbia Records executives that he will record an album live inside Folsom Prison. The performance is a success, and Johnny embarks on a tour with June and his band. He later performs "Ring of Fire" on stage. After the song, Cash invites June to a duet and stops in the middle, saying he cannot sing "Jackson" any more unless June agrees to marry him. June accepts and they share a passionate embrace on stage. While  Johnny and June are with their families, he and his father reconcile their relationship.

Cast

 Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny Cash
 Reese Witherspoon as June Carter
 Ginnifer Goodwin as Vivian Cash
 Robert Patrick as Ray Cash
 McGhee Monteith as Reba Cash
 Dallas Roberts as Sam Phillips
 Dan John Miller as Luther Perkins
 Larry Bagby as Marshall Grant
 Shelby Lynne as Carrie Cash
 Tyler Hilton as Elvis Presley
 Waylon Payne as Jerry Lee Lewis
 Shooter Jennings as Waylon Jennings
 Sandra Ellis Lafferty as Maybelle Carter
 Dan Beene as Ezra Carter
 Clay Steakley as W.S. "Fluke" Holland
 Johnathan Rice as Roy Orbison
 Johnny Holiday as Carl Perkins
 Ridge Canipe as young J.R.
 Lucas Till as young Jack Cash

Development and pre-production
The film has its origins in a 1993 episode of Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. That year, Cash was a guest star on the show, where he and June Carter became friends with Jane Seymour, the star of the show, and Seymour's ex-husband James Keach who was directing the episode. By the mid-1990s, Cash had asked Keach to make a film of his life; he and Seymour began the process with a series of interviews. In 1997, the interviews had been the basis of a screenplay written by Gill Dennis, with input from Keach; two years later, still lacking any studio interest, Keach contacted James Mangold, who had been "angling to become involved in the project for two years."  Mangold and his wife, producer Cathy Konrad, developed the script for Sony, and by 2001, they had a script they thought they could pitch to a studio. Sony and others turned it down, but Fox 2000 agreed to make the film.

The film was in part based on two autobiographies, both of which were optioned: Man in Black (1975) and Cash: The Autobiography (1997), though the film "burrows deep into painful territory that Mr. Cash barely explored."

Phoenix met Cash months before hearing about the film. When Phoenix read the script, he felt there were at least ten other actors who would be better in the role. All of Cash's vocal tracks in the film and on the accompanying soundtrack are played and sung by Phoenix. To prepare for her role as June Carter, Witherspoon studied videos of the singer; she also listened to her singing and telling stories to get her voice right.

Release

Walk the Line was released on November 18, 2005, in 2,961 theaters, grossing $22.3 million on its opening weekend behind Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. It went on to earn $119.5 million in North America and $66.9 million in the rest of the world for a total of $186.4 million, well above its $28 million budget, making it a box office success. It was the all-time highest grossing music biopic until Straight Outta Compton surpassed it in 2015.

Reception

Critical response

Walk the Line has an approval rating of 82% on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 210 reviews, with an average rating of 7.20/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Superior acting and authentic crooning capture the emotional subtleties of the legend of Johnny Cash with a freshness that is a pleasure to watch." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert praised Witherspoon for her "boundless energy" and predicted that she would win the Academy Award for Best Actress. Regarding Phoenix, Ebert wrote: "Knowing Johnny Cash's albums more or less by heart, I closed my eyes to focus on the soundtrack and decided that, yes, that was the voice of Johnny Cash I was listening to. The closing credits make it clear it's Joaquin Phoenix doing the singing, and I was gob-smacked." In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Carina Chocano wrote: "Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon do first-rate work they sing, they twang, they play new-to-them instruments, they crackle with wit and charisma, and they give off so much sexual heat it's a wonder they don't burst into flames."

A. O. Scott, in his review for The New York Times, had problems with Phoenix's performance: "Even though his singing voice doesn't match the original how could it? he is most convincing in concert, when his shoulders tighten and he cocks his head to one side. Otherwise, he seems stuck in the kind of off-the-rack psychological straitjacket in which Hollywood likes to confine troubled geniuses." In his review for Time, Richard Corliss wrote: "A lot of credit for Phoenix's performance has to go to Mangold, who has always been good at finding the bleak melodrama in taciturn souls ... If Mangold's new movie has a problem, it's that he and co-screenwriter Gill Dennis sometimes walk the lines of the inspirational biography too rigorously."

Andrew Sarris, in his review for The New York Observer, praised Witherspoon for her "spine-tingling feistiness", and wrote: "This feat has belatedly placed it (in my mind, at least) among a mere handful of more-than-Oscar-worthy performances this year." He also ranked the film as number seven on his top films list of 2005 and Witherspoon as the best female performance of the year. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B+" rating and wrote: "While Witherspoon, a fine singer herself, makes Carter immensely likable, a fountain of warmth and cheer, given how sweetly she meshes with Phoenix her romantic reticence isn't really filled in." The Baltimore Sun contributor Michael Sragow wrote: "What Phoenix and Witherspoon accomplish in this movie is transcendent. They act with every bone and inch of flesh and facial plane, and each tone and waver of their voice. They do their own singing with a startling mastery of country music's narrative musicianship." In his review for Sight & Sound, Mark Kermode wrote: "Standing ovations, too, for Witherspoon, who has perhaps the tougher task of lending depth and darkness to the role of June, whose frighteningly chipper stage act - a musical-comedy hybrid - constantly courts (but never marries) mockery." David Ansen of Newsweek ranked Witherspoon as one of the five best actresses of 2005.

Some critics found the film too constrained by Hollywood plot formulas of love and loss, ignoring the last twenty years of Cash's life and other more socio-politically controversial reasons he was considered "the man in black".

Cash's daughter, Rosanne Cash, had mixed feelings about the film. She did not enjoy the "painful" experience of seeing the film, "because it had the three most damaging events of my childhood: my parents' divorce, my father's drug addiction, and something else bad that I can't remember now". Regarding the work of the filmmakers, she said "the three of them [in the film] were not recognizable to me as my parents in any way. But the scenes were recognizable, and the storyline, so the whole thing was fraught with sadness because they all had just died, and I had this resistance to seeing the screen version of my childhood. I don't resent them making it - I thought it was an honorable approach. I loved the film Ray, but I'm sure if you asked Ray Charles's kids, they would tell you, "Well, that's not exactly how it was..."

Accolades

Walk the Line won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and North Texas Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture.

For his portrayal of Johnny Cash, Phoenix won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Hollywood Film Award for Actor of the Year, and North Texas Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor. He also received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor, BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor, Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, among others. For his involvement on the film's soundtrack, he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television, or Other Visual Media, sharing the win with T Bone Burnett (producer) and Mike Piersante (engineer/mixer).

For her portrayal of June Carter, Witherspoon won the Academy Award for Best Actress, Austin Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, Awards Circuit Community Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical, Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress, National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, North Texas Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, Online Film & Television Association Award for Best Actress, Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress, San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, Utah Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, and Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress. She was also voted Favorite Leading Actress at the 32nd People's Choice Awards.

The film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, and Best Sound Mixing.

Home media
On February 28, 2006, a single-disc DVD and a two-disc collector edition DVD were released; these editions sold three million copies on their first day of release. On March 25, 2008, a two-disc 'extended cut' DVD was released for region one. The feature on disc one is 17 minutes longer than the theatrical release, and disc two features eight extended musical sequences with introductions and documentaries about the making of the film. The film has been released on Blu-ray Disc in France, Sweden and the UK in the form of its extended cut. The American Blu-ray features the shorter theatrical cut.

Soundtrack

Wind-up Records released the soundtrack in November 2005.  It featured nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix, four songs by Reese Witherspoon, two songs by Tyler Hilton, and one song each by Waylon Payne, Johnathan Rice, and Shooter Jennings.  The album received a Grammy at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Pictures, Television or Other Visual Media.

References

External links

20th Century Fox films
2005 films
American biographical drama films
Best Musical or Comedy Picture Golden Globe winners
Biographical films about musicians
Country music films
Films based on autobiographies
Films based on multiple works
Films directed by James Mangold
Films featuring a Best Actress Academy Award-winning performance
Films featuring a Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe winning performance
Films featuring a Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe winning performance
Films produced by Cathy Konrad
Films scored by T Bone Burnett
Films set in Arkansas
Films shot in Arkansas
Films set in Tennessee
Films set in California
Films set in the 1940s
Films set in the 1950s
Films set in the 1960s
Johnny Cash
Musical films based on actual events
American nonlinear narrative films
Films about drugs
Films set in Memphis, Tennessee
Films with screenplays by James Mangold
Rockabilly
Cultural depictions of Johnny Cash
2005 biographical drama films
BAFTA winners (films)
2005 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Dyess, Arkansas in fiction

Walk the Line


Anti-Shi'ism (pronounced: Anti, She, ism) or Shiaphobia is the prejudice against or hatred of Shia Muslims. Shia Muslims make up somewhere between 10 and 20 percent of Muslims worldwide. Sunni Islam and Shia Islam split because the two groups have different beliefs about the type of person that could become a caliph, a top leader of Muslim peoples. Shias believed the leader should be related to the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis believed the leader should be chosen for his ability to lead the community ( it's not because the leader should be related but because the prophet Mohammed said in the ghadeer that Ali will be the leader after him which they didn't follow.

The two groups have lived together peacefully for centuries. Shia and Sunni have not only lived together they have intermarried in many cases. But modern politics and recent events have sparked new fighting between the two groups. Modern Anti-Shi'ism violence is just a part of the overall conflict. It is one result of the collapse of authoritarian rule in the region.

References

Discrimination
Religious violence

Shiaphobia


Kade Poki (born 17 January 1988 in Blenheim, New Zealand) is a rugby union player who plays for the Bayonne in the French Top 14 competition. Prior to his move abroad, he had represented Tasman in the ITM Cup and the Highlanders in the Super Rugby competition.

Playing career

Provincial Rugby

Poki made his Air New Zealand Cup debut for the Tasman Makos in 2007 against Taranaki, but injury ruled him out of most of the season. He emerged as a starter in 2008, and spent three seasons as a starter on the wing for the Makos and one of the side's more dangerous players.

For the 2011 ITM Cup, Poki signed with the Southland Stags, where he lined up alongside a number of his teammates with the Highlanders. However, he never really hit his stride with in two seasons with Southland, playing just 13 games without scoring a try.

Poki briefly returned to Tasman for the 2015 ITM Cup in between stints in Japan and France, appearing in 6 matches for the Makos.

Super Rugby

Poki made his Super Rugby debut for the Crusaders in 2008 when he played against ACT Brumbies. Aged only 20, he made 10 starts for the team over the course of the season and scored two tries, helping the team to the championship. However, injuries and squad depth limited his chances to build on his freshman season, and he made only 4 more appearances for the Crusaders over the next two seasons.

Poki had to make a tough decision to stay with the crusaders on a one-year deal, or to join the highlanders under new coach Jamie Joseph on a 2-year deal. He chose the crusaders for one year. He received an offer from a Japanese club (Sanix) to come after the super rugby season. When Poki asked for an early release from NZRU to head to Japan straight after the Super rugby season the crusaders withdrew their deal and Poki was left with no super rugby team until his contract started in 2014. The highlanders had a bad injury to Kurt Baker so Jamie Joseph got in contact with Poki to see if he wanted to join the team for preseason and cover Kurts position if the injury was prolonged. He ended up having a good season with the Highlanders and emerged as one of the breakout players of the competition. The highlanders offered him a 2-year contract to sign on again. Poki had to terminate his contract with the Japanese club he had signed with. Highlights of his season include a two-try performance in a win over the defending champion Bulls and a sublime individual effort against the Rebels in which he shrugged off 11 tackles to score.
With higher expectations for the 2012 season, Poki was hobbled by a knee injury and missed much of the season, and was limited to a single try. However, he would rebound in the 2013 season scoring 5 tries from just 8 appearances. He played two-year more seasons with the highlanders then headed to Japan to play for the Kubota spears in the Japanese top league.

Japan

Following the 2013 Super Rugby season, Poki left New Zealand to sign in Japan for the Kubota Spears of the Top League.

France

In 2015, Poki signed in France with Bayonne of Pro D2 in France. In his first season, he scored 4 tries from 12 matches to help earn promotion to the Top 14. He scored an additional two tries in 2016–17 as Bayonne were relegated back to Pro D2.

International Rugby

Kade Poki was a star in the 2007 Under-19 World Cup for New Zealand, and again for the New Zealand Under-20 squad in 2008.

References

1988 births
Living people
Rugby union wings
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Tasman rugby union players
Southland rugby union players
Kubota Spears Funabashi Tokyo Bay players
Aviron Bayonnais players
Rugby union players from Blenheim, New Zealand
People educated at Marlborough Boys' College
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Japan
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
Expatriate rugby union players in France

Kade Poki


Maurice Samuel (February 8, 1895 – May 4, 1972) was a Romanian-born British and American novelist, translator and lecturer of Jewish heritage.

Biography
Born in Măcin, Tulcea County, Romania, to Isaac Samuel and Fanny Acker, Samuel moved to Paris with his family at the age of five and about a year later to England, where he studied at the Victoria University. His parents spoke Yiddish at home and he developed strong attachments to the Jewish people and the Yiddish language at early age. This later became the motivation for many of the books he wrote as an adult. Eventually, Samuel left England and emigrated to the United States, settling in New York City's Lower East Side. He served in the United States Army during World War I.

A Jewish intellectual and writer, Samuel was known for his role as a polemicist and campaigner against anti-Semitism. Most of his work concerns itself with Judaism or the Jew's role in history and modern society, but he also wrote more conventional fiction, such as The Web of Lucifer, which takes place during the Borgias' rule of Renaissance Italy, and the fantasy science-fiction novel The Devil that Failed. Samuel also wrote the nonfiction King Mob under the pseudonym "Frank K. Notch". He and his work received acclaim within the Jewish community during his lifetime, including the 1944 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for his non-fiction work, The World of Sholom Aleichem. He received the Itzik Manger Prize for Yiddish literature posthumously in 1972.

Samuel died in New York City in 1972 at the age of 77.

Published works

Fiction
 The Outsider (1921)
 Whatever Gods (1923)
 Beyond Woman (1934)
 Web of Lucifer (1947)
 The Devil that Failed (1952)
 The Second Crucifixion (1960)

Non-fiction
 You Gentiles (1924)
 I, the Jew (1927)
 What Happened in Palestine: The Events of August, 1929: Their Background and Significance
 King Mob: A Study of the Present-Day Mind (1931)
 On the Rim of the Wilderness: The Conflict in Palestine (1931)
 Jews on Approval (1932)
 The Great Hatred (1940)
 The World of Sholom Aleichem (1943)
 Harvest in the Desert (1944)
 Haggadah of Passover (1947) (translation)
 Prince of the Ghetto (1948)
 The Gentleman and the Jew (1950)
 Level Sunlight (1953)
 The Professor And The Fossil (1956)
 Certain People of the Book (1955)
 Little Did I Know: Recollections and Reflections (1963)
 Blood Accusation: the Strange History of the Beiliss Case (1966)
 Light on Israel (1968)
 In Praise of Yiddish (1971)
 In the Beginning, Love: Dialogues on the Bible (collaboration) (1975)

References

Who's Who In World Jewry, 1972 edition
Louis Kaplan, "On Maurice Samuel's twenty-fifth Yahrzeit - death anniversary of Jewish author", Judaism, Fall 1997
Maurice Samuel Papers , Americanjewisharchives.org.

External links

1895 births
1972 deaths
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century British male writers
20th-century British novelists
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
American male novelists
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American Zionists
British Jews
Jewish American novelists
People from Măcin
Novelists from New York City
Romanian Jews
Socialist Party of Great Britain members
United States Army personnel of World War I
Yiddish–English translators
Yiddish-language writers
Romanian expatriates in France
Romanian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British emigrants to the United States
Itzik Manger Prize recipients

Maurice Samuel


Carl Theodore Heisel (1852–1937) was a mathematical  crank who wrote several books in the 1930s challenging accepted mathematical truths. Among his claims is that he found a way to square the circle. He is credited with 24 works in 62 publications. Heisel did not charge money for his books; he gave thousands of them away for free. Because of this, they are available at many libraries and universities. Heisel's books have historic and monetary value. Paul Halmos referred to one of Heisel's works as a "classic crank book."

Selected works

References

Pseudomathematics
1852 births
1937 deaths

Carl Theodore Heisel


DramaGods (formerly known as Population 1) is a rock band led by Extreme guitarist Nuno Bettencourt.

The band originally started when Bettencourt released the album Population 1 in 2002 (late 2001 in Japan). On the album, he recorded all the instruments on most of the tracks. When he decided to go on tour to support the album, he formed a touring band with Joe Pessia on rhythm guitar, Steve Ferlazzo on keyboards and back-up vocals, Philip Bynoe on bass and Kevin Figueiredo on drums. Later Phil left and Joe took the role of bassist. In 2004, while still under the moniker of Population 1, they released an EP titled Sessions from Room 4.

In 2005, due to legal issues, Bettencourt dropped the name Population 1 and changed it to DramaGods with the same lineup.

DramaGods released their debut effort Love in December 2005, available as an import via Victor Entertainment (Japan). The band then made their record available as a digital download on iTunes in early 2006.

The band toured in Japan, where they appeared at the Udo Music Festival along with KISS, Santana, Jeff Beck, The Doobie Brothers, Alice in Chains, The Pretenders, Ben Folds Five, and others in July 2006 shortly after Bettencourt took part in a three-date reunion tour with Extreme in New England.

In the autumn of 2006, DramaGods contributed their song "S'OK" to the album project Artists for Charity – Guitarists 4 the Kids, produced by Slang Productions to assist World Vision Canada in helping underprivileged kids in need.

In early 2007 DramaGods started to dissolve when Nuno, Steve and Kevin became a part of Perry Farrell's musical venture Satellite Party which released one record (Ultra Payloaded). During the subsequent tour, they ended up quitting the band by July 2007 when Nuno and Gary Cherone reformed Extreme, making it a definitive reunion. Steve Ferlazzo went on to play with Avril Lavigne.

Band members
 Nuno Bettencourt – vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, piano, drums
 Steve Ferlazzo – keyboards, synthesizer, piano, backing vocals
 Joe Pessia – bass
 Kevin Figueiredo – drums

Discography
Studio albums
 Population 1 (2002)
 Love (2005)

References

American alternative rock groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups disestablished in 2007

DramaGods


Arthur Constantin Krebs (16 November 1850 in Vesoul, France – 22 March 1935 in Quimperlé, France) was a French officer and pioneer in automotive engineering.

Life

Collaborating with Charles Renard, he piloted the first fully controlled free-flight made in the French Army airship La France, which was designed in 1884. The flight covered  in 23 minutes. It was with a landing at the starting point. On its seven flights the La France dirigible returned five times to its starting point.

Krebs shared the 1886 Ponti prize of the French Académie des sciences, with Charles Renard, for their contribution to Aerostation.

Krebs inspired Jules Verne, in Verne's novel Robur The Conqueror written in 1886, he writes of "the striking experiments of Captain Krebs and Captain Renard".

In 1888 Krebs and Gustave Zédé designed the first modern French submarine, the Gymnote. The submarine was fitted with the first naval periscope and the first naval electric gyrocompass. The latter allowed the Gymnote to force a naval block in 1890.

From 1884 to 1897 Arthur Krebs modernized the Ville de Paris fire department; not only its equipment but its organisation as well. His work left a lasting impression in this elite corps.

In May 1896 Arthur Krebs patented a new automobile, fitted with an electromagnetic gearbox and a layout of the front wheels which re-centred them when the steering wheel was left alone, today this is known as the Castor angle. The Panhard et Levassor company acquired a license to build 500 cars under the name of Clement-Panhard between 1898 and 1902 featuring this innovation.

Krebs succeeded Levassor as Panhard et Levassor's general manager from 1897 to 1916. He transformed the Panhard et Levassor Company into one of the largest and most profitable automobile manufacturers before World War I.

In 1898 Krebs replaced the tiller with an inclined steering wheel for the Panhard et Levassor car he designed for the Paris-Amsterdam race which ran from the 7 to 13 July 1898. Fernand Charron won that race on a four cylinders Panhard et Levassor.
At the end of 1898, C S Rolls introduced the first car in Britain fitted with wheel steering when he imported a 6 hp Panhard et Levassor from France.

In 1902 Krebs invented the automatic diaphragm carburettor which gave cars continuous power during acceleration by providing a constant air-fuel ratio at all times; this also led to dramatic improvement in fuel economy.

In 1906 Krebs traveled to the United States to plead in the Selden Case, associated with Henry Ford.

Krebs introduced many improvements in car design: the steering wheel (1898), non-reversible steering (1898), engine balance (1898), nickel steel alloys and other special steel alloys (1901), the shock absorber (1906), multi-disc clutch (1907), the electric brake dynamometer for testing high performance engines (1905), the enveloping (globoid) Worm gear differential (1915).

Also, Krebs contributed significantly to improve the Systeme Panhard (engine in front, rear wheel drive) which became universally adopted before World War II.

In 1909, he became interested in the Knight patent (sleeve valve engine) and was first in France to build that type of engine which Panhard et Levassor would produce during the thirty years leading up to World War II.

He made contributions to automotive racing with his powerful cars and motorboats.

In 1911 Krebs invented the first elastomeric flexible coupling (cf. John Piotrowski). It is known in French as the Flector joint. This device is still widely used today in industry for power transmission as a tyre coupling.

The truck was meant for military and civil purposes. Krebs designed it in 1911, jointly with the Chatillon Co, the all-terrain truck named Tracteur Chatillon-Panhard, had four wheel drive and four wheel steering. Many of these trucks were used during World War I as artillery tractors.

Krebs also utilized his former military membership to supply the French Army with engines and vehicles including the 1904 Genty Armored car, the 1916 St Chamond tank, the Chatillon-Panhard 4x4 truck, and others.

In 1960, the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) named "Krebs Glacier" a glacier flowing west into the head of Charlotte Bay on the west coast of Graham Land in the Antarctic continent, after the name of Arthur C. Krebs who constructed and flew, with Charles Renard, the first dirigible airship capable of steady flight under control, in 1884.

Papers presented to the French Académie des sciences
	18 August 1884 – Krebs and Renard : About the "La France" Dirigible.
	11/10/1884 – Krebs and Renard : The "La France" Dirigible.
	1888 – Krebs : Closed Magnetic Field system of the Telephone.
	1888 – Krebs : Electric Engine Trials for a Submarine Boat.
	1890 – Krebs : The First Electric Gyrocompass (presented par M. Dumoulin-Froment)
	24 November 1902 – Krebs : The Automatic Carburettor.
	13 November 1905 – Krebs : The Electric Dynamometric Brake.
	15 January 1906 – Krebs : The Progressive Shock Absorber.
	04/08/1907 – Krebs : The liquid flow measurement apparatus.

In 1934, several months before Arthur Krebs's death, he was made a Commandeur of the Legion of Honor for his work in Aeronautics and for his contributions to the automotive industry.

See also
 Airship
 Blimp
 Charles Renard
 Pierre Jules César Janssen
 Timeline of aviation - 19th century
 Panhard et Levassor
 The 1916 St Chamond tank
 Timeline of hydrogen technologies

References

External links

 Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs in the US Centennial of Flight Commission
 The site dedicated to Arthur KREBS (in English)
 Clement-Panhard on the Web
 Hydroplane History : The Development of the High-Speed Launch or Automobile Boat – 1904
 Jules Verne : Robur The Conqueror

1850 births
1935 deaths
People from Vesoul
Ballooning
20th-century French inventors
French automotive engineers
Jules Verne
École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
19th-century French inventors
Arthur Constantin Krebs
Parc aérostatique de Chalais-Meudon

Arthur Constantin Krebs