Amadou Hampâté Bâ (, 1900/1901 – 15 May 1991) was a Malian writer, historian and ethnologist. He was an influential figure in twentieth-century African literature and cultural heritage. He was a champion of Africa's oral tradition and traditional knowledge and is remembered for the saying: "whenever an old man dies, it is as though a library were burning down."

Biography
Amadou Hampâté Bâ was born to an aristocratic Fula family in Bandiagara, the largest city in Dogon territory and the capital of the precolonial Masina Empire. At the time of his birth, the area was known as French Sudan as part of colonial French West Africa, which was formally established a few years before his birth. After his father's death, he was adopted by his mother's second husband, Tidjani Amadou Ali Thiam of the Toucouleur ethnic group. He first attended the Qur'anic school run by Tierno Bokar, a dignitary of the Tijaniyyah brotherhood, then transferred to a French school at Bandiagara, then to one at Djenné. In 1915, he ran away from school and rejoined his mother at Kati, where he resumed his studies.

In 1921, he turned down entry into the école normale in Gorée. As a punishment, the governor appointed him to Ouagadougou with the role he later described as that of "an essentially precarious and revocable temporary writer". From 1922 to 1932, he held several posts in the colonial administration in Upper Volta, now Burkina Faso, and from 1932 to 1942 in Bamako. In 1933, he took six months' leave to visit Tierno Bokar, his spiritual leader. (See also:Sufi studies)

In 1942, he was appointed to the Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (IFAN — the French Institute of Black Africa) in Dakar, thanks to the benevolence of Théodore Monod, its director. At IFAN, he made ethnological surveys and collected traditions. For 15 years he devoted himself to research, which would later lead to the publication of his work L'Empire peul de Macina (The Fula Empire of Macina). In 1951, he obtained a UNESCO grant, enabling him to travel to Paris and meet with intellectuals from Africanist circles, notably Marcel Griaule.

With Mali's independence in 1960, Bâ founded the Institute of Human Sciences in Bamako, and represented his country at the UNESCO general conferences. In 1962, he was elected to UNESCO's executive council, and in 1966 he helped establish a unified system for the transcription of African languages.

His term in the executive council ended in 1970, and he devoted the remaining years of his life to research and writing. In 1971, he moved to the Marcory suburb of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, and worked on classifying the archives of West African oral tradition that he had accumulated throughout his lifetime, as well as writing his memoirs (Amkoullel l'enfant peul and Oui mon commandant!, both published posthumously).  He died in Abidjan in 1991.

Notable works
L'Empire peul du Macina (1955)—The Fula Empire of Macina
Vie en enseignement de Tierno Bokar, le sage de Bandiagara (1957, rewritten in 1980)—The Life and Education of Tierno Bokar, the Wise Man of Bandiagara
translated into English and published as A Spirit of Tolerance: The Inspiring Life of Tierno Bokar (2008)
Kaïdara, récit initiatique peul (1969)
L'étrange destin du Wangrin (1973)
translated into English and published as The Fortunes of Wangrin (1987)
awarded the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire (1974)
L'Éclat de la grande étoile (1974)—The Brightness of the Great Star
Jésus vu par un musulman (1976)—Jesus, as Viewed by a Muslim
 Petit Bodiel (conte peul) et version en prose de Kaïdara (1977)—Little Bodiel (a Fula tale) and a prose version of Kaïdara
Njeddo Dewal, mère de la calamité (1985)—Njeddo Dewal, Mother of Calamity
La poignée de poussière, contes et récits du Mali (1987)—A Handful of Dust, Malian Stories
Kaïdara (1988)—Kaydara: The Mysterious Journey

Memoirs

Amkoullel, l'enfant peul (1991)—Amkoullel, the Fula Child
Oui mon commandant! (1994)—Yes, My Commander (published posthumously)

References

Bibliography

 Kassé, Maguèye, (2020). « Le maître de la parole. Vie et œuvre d'Amadou Hampâté Bâ », in BEROSE -  International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.

Further reading

Dielika Diallo. "Hampate Ba: the great conciliator". UNESCO Courier, January 1992.
Biography and guide to collected works: African Studies Centre, Leiden
Malian ministry of culture, dossier for the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Amadou Hampâté Bâ (in French)

External links
 Publishers website
Resources related to research : BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology. "Bâ, Amadou Hampâté (1901-1991)", Paris, 2020.  (ISSN 2648-2770)
 Interview by Enrico Fulchignoni with Amadou Hampâté Bâ in 1969

1900s births
1991 deaths
Fula people
Malian non-fiction writers
People from Mopti Region
Malian male writers
20th-century male writers
20th-century non-fiction writers
Male non-fiction writers
Historians of Africa

Amadou Hampâté Bâ


Edwin Hallowell (April 2, 1844 – September 13, 1916) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Biography
Edwin Hallowell was born near Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.  He attended the public schools.  He engaged in agricultural pursuits, and was elected as a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives, serving from 1876 to 1879.  He was chairman of the Democratic county committee of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in 1886.  He was a delegate to the 1888 Democratic National Convention.

Hallowell was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress.  He was a delegate to the Democratic Presidential Convention that nominated Grover Cleveland for president, second term. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892.  Owing to his physical disabilities Hallowell led a private life for the last years of his life. He was a bachelor and made his home with his sister on the farm on Plank Road in Abington Township. He resumed agricultural pursuits, and died in Abington, Pennsylvania. Interment in Abington Friends Burying Ground in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania.

Notes

References

 Retrieved on 2008-02-14
The Political Graveyard

External links

1844 births
1916 deaths
Hallowell family
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
19th-century American politicians

Edwin Hallowell


During the American Civil War, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania played a critical role in the Union, providing a substantial supply of military personnel, equipment, and leadership to the Federal government. The state raised over 360,000 soldiers for the Federal armies. It served as a significant source of artillery guns, small arms, ammunition, armor for the new revolutionary style of ironclad types of gunboats for the rapidly expanding United States Navy, and food supplies. The Phoenixville Iron Company by itself produced well over 1,000 cannons, and the Frankford Arsenal was a major supply depot.

Pennsylvania was the site of the bloodiest battle of the war, the Battle of Gettysburg, which became widely known as one of the turning points of the Civil War. Numerous more minor engagements and skirmishes were also fought in Pennsylvania during the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, as well as the following year during a Confederate cavalry raid that culminated in the burning of much of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The industrial town of York, Pennsylvania, was the largest city in the North to be occupied by the Confederate States Army during the war.

Several significant Federal leaders hailed from the Commonwealth. Military leaders from Pennsylvania included Generals George G. Meade (the victorious commander at Gettysburg and from Philadelphia), Winfield S. Hancock, John F. Reynolds, Admiral David D. Porter, and Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs. Pennsylvanians also rose to prominence as political figures during the war, like Secretary of War Simon Cameron and the fiery Radical Republican abolitionist Representative Thaddeus Stevens. A small number of Pennsylvanians joined the ranks of the Confederacy, including such leaders Generals John C. Pemberton and Josiah Gorgas.

Recruitment
Over 360,000 Pennsylvanians served in the Union Army, more than any other Northern state except New York. (Other states sent larger proportions of their population, but not larger numbers.) Beginning with President Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Pennsylvania mustered 215 infantry regiments, as well as dozens of emergency militia regiments that were raised to repel threatened invasions in 1862 and 1863 by the Confederate States Army. Twenty-two cavalry regiments were also mustered, as well as dozens of light artillery batteries.

 Most Pennsylvania soldiers fought in the Eastern Theater, with only about 10% serving elsewhere. The thirteen regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserves fought as the only army division all from a single state, and saw action in most of the major campaigns and battles of the Army of the Potomac. The Philadelphia Brigade was also a rarity in that all of its regiments were recruited from a single city. In an unusual circumstance, the Philadelphia Corn Exchange sponsored and paid for a regiment, the 118th, which became known as the "Corn Exchange Regiment."

The 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, one of the regiments which initially served in the Eastern and Lower Seaboard Theaters, went on to become the only regiment from Pennsylvania to both fight in the Union's 1864 Red River Campaign across Louisiana and to have men confined as POWs at Camp Ford, the largest Confederate States Army prison west of the Mississippi River. After the 47th's return to the Eastern Theater in July of that same year, the regiment then participated in a brief encounter at Snicker's Gap before engaging in the intense fighting of Sheridan's 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign in Virginia, including during the battles of Berryville, Opequon (Third Winchester), Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek.

Most of the new Pennsylvania regiments were organized and trained at sprawling Camp Curtin near Harrisburg, as well as thousands of soldiers from other states. Other significant training sites were near Pittsburgh, Easton, Philadelphia and West Chester. Over 100 soldiers from Pennsylvania units would win the Medal of Honor for their actions during the conflict. Pennsylvania ranked first in the number of black soldiers (8,612) mustered into the Union Army, forming eleven regiments of U.S. Colored Troops. Most of these trained at Camp William Penn, established in 1863 north of Philadelphia, the only camp used to train Colored Troops exclusively. The 47th Pennsylvania Infantry also became an integrated regiment in October 1862 when several formerly enslaved Black men enlisted with the regiment while it was stationed in South Carolina, and was integrated further with the enlistment of additional formerly enslaved Black men in 1864 while the regiment was engaged in the Union's Red River Campaign across Louisiana.

Leading major generals from Pennsylvania included Winfield S. Hancock, John F. Reynolds, Samuel W. Crawford, John W. Geary, and John F. Hartranft (the latter two would use their military careers to propel them to the governorship following the war). Although he was born in Spain, George G. Meade lived much of his life in Pennsylvania and is buried in Philadelphia. Herman Haupt, who commanded the U.S. Military Railroad, revolutionized military transportation in the United States and was one of the unsung heroes of the war. Significant naval leaders included Admiral David D. Porter and Rear Admiral John Dahlgren.

War material and logistics

Pennsylvania was a critical source of raw materials to the Union's war effort, particularly anthracite coal. The Commonwealth supplied all of this "smokeless" coal for the military's purposes, as well as the majority of bituminous coal also used in the war effort. Nearly 80% of all the iron for the government came from Pennsylvania foundries, as well as significant quantities of flour, meat, foodstuffs, textiles, and uniforms. The Cumberland Valley was among the fertile farming regions that supplied vast amounts of food and grain to the Army. The railroads became critical in transporting materiel and troops. In particular, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad were of importance, as well as the Northern Central Railway, which led from Harrisburg to Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.

The Bethlehem Iron Works produced railroad rails and armor plating for the U.S. Navy's ships. The largest producer of wrought iron artillery pieces for the Union army was the Phoenixville Iron Company in Chester County, which, at its peak, churned out fifty 3" Ordnance Rifles each week. Smaller facilities produced steel swords, rifles, pistols, tools, camp implements, tents, and other items used by the Federal armies, making Pennsylvania one of the most important sources of government supplies during the war.

The Philadelphia region was a significant contributor to the war effort. The Frankford Arsenal was a vital source of small-arms, ammunition, artillery shells, and time fuses to the Federal Army and state militia. The Philadelphia Navy Yard provided an important source of ships, sailors, and supplies for the United States Navy during the war. The vast majority of the coal used by the Navy for its warships and blockaders came from underground mines in several counties in northern Pennsylvania. The Satterlee Hospital and the Mower Hospital (both near Philadelphia) were significant military hospitals and rehabilitation centers, as was the York U.S. Army General Hospital.

On the other side of the state, Pittsburgh's heavy industry provided significant quantities of weapons and ammunition. The Fort Pitt Works near Pittsburgh made mammoth iron castings for giant siege howitzers and mortars, among the largest guns in the world. The foundry produced 1,193 guns (15 percent of the total U.S. wartime artillery production) and almost 200,000 artillery projectiles. Other prominent Pittsburgh area factories included Singer, Nimick, and Co. (maker of 3" Ordnance rifles) and Smith, Park, and Co., which produced more than 300,000 artillery projectiles. Pittsburgh industries collectively manufactured 10 percent of the total U.S. wartime production of artillery projectiles.

The U.S. Allegheny Arsenal was the primary military manufacturing facility for U.S. Army accouterments, as well as saddles and other cavalry equipment. In addition, the Allegheny Arsenal produced as many as 40,000 bullets and cartridges every day (more than 14 million per year), supplying between 5 and 10 percent of the Army's annual small arms ammunition requirements.

Five Ellet-class rams were converted from civilian towboats at Pittsburgh. In addition, four ironclads were built from the keel up: the USS Manayunk, Marietta, Sandusky, and Umpqua. Pittsburgh rolling mills supplied the armor for many of the ironclads that were built in New York and Philadelphia.

Military actions in Pennsylvania

As a result of its vital role as a Federal raw material source and its proximity to the Mason–Dixon line, Pennsylvania was the target of several raids by the Confederate States Army. These included cavalry raids in 1862 and 1863 by J.E.B. Stuart, in 1863 by John Imboden, and in 1864 by John McCausland in which his troopers burned the city of Chambersburg. Fears were raised in Pittsburgh in the summer of 1863 when Morgan's Raid approached Pennsylvania before it was thwarted in neighboring Ohio.

Pennsylvania also saw the Battle of Gettysburg, near Gettysburg. Many historians consider this battle to be a major turning point of the Civil War. Federal dead from this battle rest at Gettysburg National Cemetery, site of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Several smaller engagements were also fought in the Keystone State, including the Battle of Hanover, Battle of Carlisle, Battle of Hunterstown, and the Battle of Fairfield, all during the Gettysburg Campaign. The city of York, Pennsylvania became the largest Northern city to be occupied by Confederate troops when Jubal A. Early's division took control of the town in late June 1863 and extracted a ransom.

War politics
During the 1860 Presidential Election, Pennsylvania voted in favor of Abraham Lincoln (268,030 votes or 56.3% of the ballots cast) over Stephen Douglas (178,765; 37.5%), John C. Breckinridge (16,765; 3.5%), and John Bell (12,776; 2.7%).

Throughout the war, Republicans dominated Pennsylvania politics under the capable leadership of Governor Andrew G. Curtin, a strong supporter of President Lincoln. The extreme southern tier of the state included a fair number of Copperheads, particularly in Fulton, Adams, and York counties.

On the national level, Simon Cameron served as Secretary of War during the early years of Lincoln's administration. Congressman Thaddeus Stevens became one of the leading voices of the Radical Republicans in Washington. He was hawkish toward both the war efforts and his harsh views on Reconstruction. Stevens' Caledonia Iron Works were burned by Jubal A. Early's Confederates during the Gettysburg Campaign in direct response to his strong stance supporting scorched earth policies in the South.

One Pennsylvanian soldier spoke to a Confederate slave woman whose husband was whipped and was appalled by what she had to tell him of slavery. He stated that "I thought I had hated slavery as much as possible before I came here, but here, where I can see some of its workings, I am more than ever convinced of the cruelty and inhumanity of the system."

After the Battle of Antietam in the fall of 1862, thirteen Union governors assembled in Altoona, Pennsylvania, at the Loyal War Governors' Conference.  Governor Andrew G. Curtin assembled this meeting; its purpose was to discuss strategy, troop quotas, and the Union. The governors affirmed their support towards and expressed their concerns regarding the war effort and the emancipation proclamation. They then traveled to Washington, DC, to meet Abraham Lincoln and relay their conclusions. A few weeks later, Lincoln removed General George B. McClellan from commanding the Army of the Potomac (about whom the governors had voiced their displeasure) and issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

By late 1864, the majority of Pennsylvania voters had rallied around the president and supported his incumbency in the Presidential Election, giving Lincoln 296,292 votes or 51.6% of the ballots cast versus Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's 277,443 votes (48.4%).

Notable leaders from Pennsylvania

Preservation and memorialization

While the war still raged, efforts were underway in Gettysburg to preserve portions of the battlefield for future generations to tribute those men who fought there. Pennsylvania also took steps to preserve and record the history of each regiment and unit raised in the state, as well as the muster rolls. In 1869, the official commonwealth historian Samuel Penniman Bates wrote the monumental five-volume History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865 which remains the standard reference for the Commonwealth's regimental histories and unit rosters.

The State Archives in Harrisburg preserves the military records of the state's emergency militia, as well as material on the state's volunteer regiments and batteries. It also houses microfilmed records of the damage claims from individuals in several counties, delineating losses of their personal property and possessions to the opposing armies during the Gettysburg Campaign. The Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee maintains and preserves just under 400 of Pennsylvania's historic Civil War battle flags The State Museum of Pennsylvania houses an extensive general collection of Civil War artifacts, as well as Peter Rothermel's massive painting of the Battle of Gettysburg.

The National Civil War Museum in Harrisburg is one of the country's leading interpretive sites for the Civil War. The Visitors Center at the Gettysburg Battlefield holds thousands of artifacts, including the most extensive collection of vintage Civil War weapons in Pennsylvania. Other Civil War-related museums are scattered throughout the state, as well as county archives and hundreds of memorials/monuments/historical markers. An impressive state-sponsored monument in the Gettysburg National Military Park honors Pennsylvania's soldiers and leaders.

See also

 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the American Civil War
 Pittsburgh in the American Civil War
 Philadelphia in the American Civil War
 Civil War Museum of Philadelphia
 Department of the Monongahela
 Department of the Susquehanna
 List of Pennsylvania Civil War regiments

References
 Klein, Philip Shriver, A History of Pennsylvania. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1980. .
 McPherson, James M., Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 70 volumes in 4 series. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
 Pennsylvania in the Civil War
 Pennsylvania Historical and Museums Commission

Notes

Further reading
 Andrews, J. Cutler. "The Pennsylvania Press During the Civil War." Pennsylvania History 9.1 (1942): 22–36. online
 Bates, Samuel P., Military History of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia: T. H. Davis & Company, 1876.
 Binder, Frederick M. "Pennsylvania Negro Regiments in the Civil War." Journal of Negro History 37.4 (1952): 383–417. online
 Black, Samuel W., ed. The Civil War in Pennsylvania: The African American Experience (Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Heritage Foundation, 2013). 239 pp. heavily illustrated.
 Blair, William and William Pencak, eds., Making and Remaking Pennsylvania's Civil War, Penn State Press, 2001
 Giesberg, Judith Ann. Keystone State in Crisis: The Civil War in Pennsylvania (Mansfield: Pennsylvania Historical Association, 2013) 96 pp. online review
 Giesberg, Judith Ann. "From Harvest Field to Battlefield: Rural Pennsylvania Women and the US Civil War." Pennsylvania History 72.2 (2005): 159–191. online
 Harmon, George D. "The Pennsylvania Clergy and the Civil War." Pennsylvania History 6.2 (1939): 86–102. online
 Keller, Christian B. "Pennsylvania and Virginia Germans during the Civil War: A Brief History and Comparative Analysis." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 109.1 (2001): 37–86.
 Levin, Bernard. "Pennsylvania and the Civil War." Pennsylvania History 10.1 (1943): 1–10. online
 Miller, Richar F. ed. States at War, Volume 3: A Reference Guide for Pennsylvania in the Civil War (2014) excerpt
 Neely, Mark E. Jr., "Civil War Issues in Pennsylvania: A Review Essay," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 135 (Oct. 2011), 389–417; historiography online
 Reardon, Carol. " 'We Are All in This War': The 148th Pennsylvania and Home Front Dissension in Centre County during the Civil War." in Union Soldiers and the Northern Home Front (Fordham University Press, 2021) pp. 3–29.
 Sandow, Robert M. Deserter Country: Civil War Opposition in the Pennsylvania Appalachians (Fordham University Press, 2011).
 Sandow, Robert M. "The Limits of Northern Patriotism: Early Civil War Mobilization in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania History 70.2 (2003): 175–203. online
 Sauers, Richard A., Advance the Colors: Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags (Harrisburg: Capitol Preservation Committee, 1991).
 Shankman, Arnold. "Draft Resistance in Civil War Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 101.2 (1977): 190–204. online
 Smith, Wayne. "Pennsylvania and the American Civil War: Recent Trends and Interpretations." Pennsylvania History 51.3 (1984): 206–231. online
 Trainor, Sean. "Pennsylvania and the American Civil War: An Annotated Guide to Online Resources." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 135.4 (2011): 513–523. online
 Tremel, Andrew T. "The Union League, Black Leaders, and the Recruitment of Philadelphia's African American Civil War Regiments." Pennsylvania History 80.1 (2013): 13–36. online

External links

 Duties of the Color-Guard (including a description of Color-Salute procedures), in 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers: One Civil War Regiment's Story, retrieved online May 1, 2017.
 The Peoples Contest: A Civil War era digital archiving project, access to primary sources from Pennsylvania, especially newspapers and other resources
 Forever Free: Blair County's Civil War
 Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library, 4278 Griscom Street Philadelphia, PA  19124-3954
 Pennsylvania Civil War 150
 Pennsylvania Civil War Trails
 "Pennsylvania in the Civil War" (video), American Battlefield Trust, September 20, 2016.
 Francis Rupert Letters. Available online through Lehigh University's I Remain: A Digital Archive of Letters, Manuscripts and Ephemera. Rupert served in the 2nd Regiment of the Pennsylvania Cavalry, 59th Volunteers.

Units and formations of the Union Army from Pennsylvania
American Civil War
American Civil War
American Civil War by state

Pennsylvania in the American Civil War


Holliston is a New England town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States in the Greater Boston area. The population was 14,996 at the 2020 census. It is located in MetroWest, a Massachusetts region that is west of Boston. Holliston is the only town in Middlesex County that borders both Norfolk and Worcester counties.

History

At the time of the earliest European settlements, where Holliston exists now was part of the territory of the Awassamog family of Natick (the first Nipmuc Praying Town), who also held authority over land near Waushakum Pond at Framingham and land near Annamasset at Mendon. In 1701, a large tract of land that included the west half of Holliston, eastern Milford and parts of Hopkinton and Ashland was given to the local Nipmucs in a land exchange with Sherborn. Their ownership of the tract was brief, as settlers purchased tracts of land there until all traces of Nipmuc presence disappeared.
The Nipmuc village of Mucksquit (translation – "place of much grass"), located on the shore of Wennakeening (translation – "smile of the great spirit") was near the site of the Morse family farm, today known as Lake Winthrop.
The Morses, Sheffields, Marshalls and Bullards and many others followed Pout Lane (an old Native American foot-path, now partly modern day Rte 16 and Highland St., respectively)  out to the new territory and settled along the path, thus forming a cluster of farms that would eventually become Holliston. John Eliot and Daniel Gookin (Christian missionaries) also followed the path in search of converts to Christianity and encouraged the Nipmucs to gather into villages, which made their task of finding them easier. Though not as famous as the Bay Path or the Old Connecticut Path, Pout Lane played a major role in the settlement of Holliston and other points southwest of Boston.
Holliston, then part of Sherborn, was first settled by Europeans in 1659 by Massachusetts Bay Puritans. The town of Holliston was incorporated on December 3, 1724, by virtue of approval by the General Court petition requesting that "the western part of Sherborn be a Town." The name was taken in honor of Thomas Hollis of London, a benefactor of Harvard College. The first town meeting was held at the house of Timothy Leland on December 23, 1724, "at which five selectmen and all other required officers were chosen." The town has grown from a community of a few hundred residents setting aside ten pounds per year for public education to a community of over 13,000 with an annual budget of over $40 million including more than $23 million for a nationally recognized school system.

In "Holliston" by Images of America and the Holliston Historical Society, it is written: An article in a local newspaper in 1894 heralded the charms of Holliston as the quintessential New England village, which, the story said, sprang into existence solely due to the talent of its people. Perhaps this is so, for there was no great moment in history to mark the founding of this town. Holliston has become a reflection of the accomplishments of the inhabitants of this place for more than three hundred years, and although the town had to admit to no magnitude of greatness to rival Boston, Lexington, or Concord, Holliston did define itself as a home to heroes of the commonplace. The feature story of 1894 said:

"Many cities have sprung into existence because of their advantageous situations. The prosperity of Holliston is solely due to the genius of its people. A visit to such places stirs the blood, quickens the pulse and produces an enthusiastic desire to have a share in the developing good times. Massachusetts may be Whittier's land, and the region from Marblehead to Amesbury may be full of legendary and spectral armies, and witchdom, and Buddha knows what, but the imaginative and the poetical must submit to the rights of the commonplace. The commonplace is honeycombed with the uncommon heroisms of the patient, everyday existence that make up the life of such plucky towns as Holliston. These are the things the average man is most interested in. Average life is but a portfolio of views of struggles with the commonplaces of everyday existence" (Holliston 1997).

The town was once the largest producer of shoes in the United States. Although many of the shoe factories have been lost by fires and other problems, the largest company, the Goodwill Shoe Company, still has remaining empty factories on Water Street, many of which are now used as artists' studios. Competition from overseas factories is largely to blame for the loss of the industry.

Holliston's Mudville neighborhood claims to be the location of the 1888 Ernest Lawrence Thayer poem, "Casey at the Bat", and maintains an ongoing rivalry with Stockton, California, which makes the same claim regarding the poem's setting.

The Legend of Balancing Rock

On the north side of Route 16 heading into Milford sits a large rock, some  in length,  in width,  thick, and weighing easily over 5 tons (4.5 metric tons).  The rock appears to be balanced precariously on an outcrop of granite ledge. On November 6, 1789, General George Washington led his entourage from Boston to New York via this route. He recalled in his diary the road in Holliston that would eventually be honored with his name, "an indifferent road, diversified by good and bad land, cultivated and in woods, some high barren, others low, wet and piney." Legend has it that, as they came across this "Balancing Rock," they took the opportunity to have some fun and tried their best to tip over the rock. It is said that the General himself, quite amused at the spectacle, added his muscle in an attempt to push the rock off its natural pedestal. Their efforts—and those of many others over the years—were to no avail. On September 22, 2020, Balancing Rock appears to have finally fallen. The rock is on the property of the Balancing Rock development, a community for "active" adults over the age of 55.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Water covers 1.73% of the town's total area. The Charles River passes near the southern region of town.

It is located  west of Boston and is within short driving distance of Interstate 495 and the Massachusetts Turnpike (part of Interstate 90). Massachusetts Route 16 and Massachusetts Route 126 pass through the town.

Historic districts

With a history spanning nearly three centuries, Holliston has many smaller divisions within its borders with names tied to a host of historic and cultural origins. Although the town is only served by one post-office today, several of its historic villages originated from previous post offices as well as train stops on the Boston and Albany Railroad's Milford line. Today the town retains two official historic districts, both of which contain smaller landmark areas of historic significance. There are several additional residential developments and other areas of Holliston which retain their own colloquial names, however at this time the following are the only areas officially recognized as historic by the town and the U.S. Geologic Survey.

 Braggville
 East Holliston
 Gooch Corners
 Metcalf
Thomas Hollis Historic District
Mudville
 Brentwood
 Lakeside

Adjacent towns
Holliston is located in eastern Massachusetts, bordered by:

Sherborn on the east
Millis on the southeast
Medway on the south
Milford on the southwest
Hopkinton on the northwest
Ashland on the north

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 13,801 people, 4,795 households, and 3,842 families residing in the town.  The population density was .  There were 4,868 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 96.7% White, 0.9% African American, 0.9% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. Ancestries of Holliston residents are reported to be Irish (29.4%), Italian (18.3%), English (17.8%), German (9.7%), French (5.6%), and Polish (5.6%).

There were 4,795 households, out of which 44.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.2% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. Of all households, 16.4% were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.0% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the town was  $78,092, and the median income for a family was $84,878. Males had a median income of $48,473 versus $36,405 for females. The per capita income for the town was $32,116.  As of the census of 2000, about 1.5% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

In 2009, 79% of Holliston residents age 25 and over held bachelor's degrees or higher and 35.8% held graduate or professional degrees.

Government

Holliston retains its original open town meeting form of government, in which registered voters act as the town's legislature.  The town's day-to-day affairs are overseen by an elected Board of Selectmen with a Town Administrator.

Education

The Town of Holliston has a public school system which serves students from kindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district include two elementary schools, a middle school and a high school. Public schools include: Sam Placentino Elementary School, Fred W. Miller Elementary School, Robert H. Adams Middle School, and Holliston High School.

Holliston High School was ranked among the top 150 best public high schools in Greater Boston.

The Holliston public school system also maintains a Montessori and French Immersion program that students can enroll in upon entering kindergarten.

Environment
Within Holliston there are five registered Superfund sites. Three of these sites are still monitored by CERCLIS (Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System).

An archived status indicates that the site has been cleaned, requires no further investigation, and poses little to no threat. A Non-NPL status indicates the sites are not considered to be the most hazardous by the EPA and are therefore not included in the NPL, but the clean-up of the site has not been completed. Non-NPL sites are still monitored by CERCLIS and are considered open or active sites. An NPL status indicates that the EPA considers the site to pose serious health and environmental risks. NPL sites are considered to be the most hazardous sites in the nation.

Axton Cross Corp
Established in 1967, "the site was an Industrial Chemical Distributor for the textile, paper, rubber, metals and plastics industries."  In the early 1990s the company filed for bankruptcy and the facility closed. The site is 8.6 acres of developed and undeveloped land which consist of two buildings. The
buildings are being considered for demolition.

According to the Mass DEP Axton Cross is considered to be a Disposal Site. The chemicals recorded by the Mass DEP were oil and other unknown hazardous materials. According to locals, "Axton-Cross polluted the property it owned and the land surrounding it and the wildlife with toxic chemicals." According to the EPA's last inspection (08/08/1995), the water was not impaired, but the Ozone is considered to be a Non-Attainment Area.  No further data was recorded.

Bird Property (Prentice Street Property)
In 1966 a gravel mining permit for the property was granted to a Charles Bird. Mining of the land continued into the late 1970s. Through the late 1960s to early 1980s the mined areas were filled with building debris and commercial solid waste. The property was also used for tire stockpiling. The site is approximately 53 acres. The land is being considered for the construction of residential housing.

Since then the Mass DEP and EPA have ordered remedial activities which included the removal of: potential contaminants, solid waste, construction debris, tires, and over 70 tons of impacted soils. The groundwater plume from the site contains low levels of a chemical called TCE. Due to the low and naturally declining levels (due to the removal of the source) the Mass DEP to conclude that no further water clean-up is required. Other chemicals recorded by the Mass DEP were VOCs. According to the EPA's inspection the Ozone is considered to be a Non-Attainment Area. No further data was recorded.

Photofabrication Engineering Inc.
Founded in 1968, Photofabrication Engineering, Inc. (PEI) manufactures precision metal parts for computers and semiconductors. The company moved from Holliston to Milford, MA in 1984. The newer
facility has helped PEI become an environmentally cleaner manufacturer.

Chemicals recorded by the Mass DEP were chlorinated solvents, metals, and wastewater discharge. The Mass DEP considers the site to be in phase IV of V. In this phase a cleanup plan is implemented.  According to the EPA's inspection, the water was not impaired, but the Ozone is
considered to be a Non-Attainment Area. No further data was recorded.

Points of interest

 Bogastow Brook Viaduct, also known as the Arch Bridge, off Woodland Street, named as one of the 1,000 places to visit in Massachusetts
Bullard Farm, the preserved homestead of the Bullard family, some of the first settlers of the town. Established in 1652, it served as the family's farm until 1916.
 Fatima Shrine, a restful haven in a peaceful rustic setting, Fatima Shrine is an oasis for prayer, reflection, and meditation. The rosary walk at Fatima Shrine is believed to be the world's largest rosary.
 Fiske's General Store, founded in 1863, is the oldest retail business in town. Known for its catchphrase, "'most everything".
 First Congregational Church of Holliston, built on the site of Holliston's original meeting house, is the holding institution of the King James Bible donated by Thomas Hollis in 1724.
 Lake Winthrop is nearly  in diameter and covers approximately . It was originally called "Dean Winthrop's Pond." and used as a boundary marker for his land. Dean was the son of John Winthrop. The town history states that the Nipmuck tribe, a clan of the Algonquian Indians, lived on the lake's southwestern shore in the village of Musquit near present-day Lake Grove Cemetery. The lake was then called Wennakeening, meaning "smile of the great spirit" or "pleasant smile". Today, Lake Winthrop offers fishing, kayaking, and swimming.  In season 5 episode 4 of the sitcom "Cheers" Woody, Norm and Cliff go on a fishing outing to Lake Winthrop.
 Mount Hollis Lodge A.F. & A.M., founded in Holliston on February 14, 1865.  This Masonic Lodge resides in a historic building that was once the Methodist Church in Holliston.
 Upper Charles River Trail, a scenic, recreational path for bicycling, walking, cross-country skiing, roller-blading, and other non-motorized uses. When completed, the  trail will connect Holliston to Ashland, Hopkinton, Milford, and Sherborn.

Golf courses
 Pinecrest Golf Club, 18-hole golf course

Parks and playing fields
 Goodwill Park, playground for children, tennis courts, baseball and soccer fields
 Patoma Park, Stoddard Park's sister park offers woodland trails for hiking and recreational activities
 Pleasure Point, located on Lake Winthrop with a beach, picnic area, playground, and boat launch
 Stoddard Park, located on Lake Winthrop with a beach, picnic area, and recreational area (two youth baseball/softball diamonds)
 Weston Pond, multi-sport practice and soccer playing fields.
 Damigella Field, large baseball diamond and softball fields, part of the elementary and middle school complex.
 Kamitian Field, multi-sport artificial turf surface, part of the high school complex.
 Marshall Street Soccer Fields (Private, managed by Holliston Youth Soccer)

Notable people
 Arthur Judson Brown, clergyman, missionary, author
 Lyndon Byers, retired NHL right-wing, formerly a radio personality for The Hill-man Morning Show
 Mike Condon (ice hockey), goalie for the Ottawa Senators, played for the Montreal Canadiens and briefly for the Pittsburgh Penguins
 McKay Coppins, journalist, political personality
 Joseph Fish, first Major League Baseball player from Holliston, signed by the Boston Red Sox in 1957. Played in the Red Sox minor league system for 1 year.
 Adam Green, director, writer and or actor for movies Hatchet and Frozen among other horror films
 Mike Grier, forward for Edmonton Oilers, Washington Capitols, Buffalo Sabres, San Jose Sharks hockey team
 Michael Mantenuto, actor (Jack O'Callahan in Miracle)
 Greg Mauldin, center for Austrian Hockey League's KHL Medveščak Zagreb, previously played for the NHL's Columbus Blue Jackets, New York Islanders, and Colorado Avalanche
 Jo Dee Messina, popular country music singer
 Andrew Natsios, director, United States Agency for International Development
 Shirley Nelson, award-winning author
 Albert P. Rockwood, early Latter Day Saint leader
 John Sencio, national television personality – HGTV, NBC, MTV
 Ken Stone, UFC bantamweight fighter
 Mark Sweeney, first baseman, pinch hitter for San Diego Padres, Milwaukee Brewers, Colorado Rockies, Los Angeles Dodgers
 Kevin Systrom, co-founder of Instagram
 Jeff Taylor, founder of Monster.com, University of Massachusetts graduate
 Amy Townsend-Small, director of the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Cincinnati
 Kara Wolters, professional basketball player and Olympic medal winner

References

Further reading
 Bragg, Ernest A. The Origin and Growth of the Boot and Shoe Industry in Holliston and Milford, Massachusetts 1793–1950. 1st ed. Boston, 1950.
1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. Wall & Gray.  Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
 History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts,  Volume 1 (A–H),  Volume 2 (L–W); compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879–1880. 572 and 505 pages.  Holliston article by Rev. George F. Walker, pp. 470–483.

External links

 Town of Holliston official website

1659 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
MetroWest
Populated places established in 1659
Towns in Massachusetts
Towns in Middlesex County, Massachusetts

Holliston, Massachusetts


The Sanjak of Dedeağaç (Ottoman Turkish: Liva-i Dedeağaç, ), originally in 1878–1884 the Sanjak of Dimetoka (Liva-i Dimetoka, Υποδιοίκησις Διδυμοτείχου), was a second-level province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire in Thrace, forming part of the Adrianople Vilayet. Its capital was Dedeağaç, modern Alexandroupolis in Greece.

History and administrative division
The sanjak was created in 1878 out of the territory of the sanjaks of Gallipoli and Adrianople, as well as the island of Samothrace, which had hitherto belonged to the Vilayet of the Archipelago. The capital was originally at Dimetoka (Didymoteicho), but was moved to Dedeağaç (Alexandroupolis) in 1884. Dimetoka itself later returned under the sanjak of Adrianople.

It comprised three sub-provinces or kazas, which were further subdivided into nahiyes:
 Kaza of Dedeağaç (mod. Alexandroupolis): Ferecik, Mekri, Sahinler, Samothrace (Tr. Semendrek), Doğanhišar
 Kaza of Sofulu (mod. Soufli):  Pitikli, Pessani|Pisman, Kamberler-i Bala, Dervent, Ede, Ipsala
 Kaza of Enez: Enez or Koca Ali.

Of these, the kaza of Dedeağaç and most of the kaza of Sofulu lie today in Greece, while the kaza of Enez with the parts of the kaza of Sofulu east of the Evros river lie in Turkey.

The sanjak survived until it was occupied by Bulgarian troops in the First Balkan War (1912–1913), after which the portion west of the Evros became a Bulgarian (and after 1919, Greek) province, while the eastern remained under Turkish control (except for the period 1919–1922, when it was under Allied and then Greek control).

References

Sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
Ottoman Greece
History of Edirne Province
History of Western Thrace
1878 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Alexandroupolis
Ottoman Thrace
Adrianople vilayet
1912 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

Sanjak of Dedeağaç


The Centre national de la danse (CND, or National Dance Center) is an institution sponsored by the French Ministry of Culture.  It studies dance in all its aspects, and is located in Pantin, in northeastern Paris. The building is known for being a classic example of Brutalist architecture, and in 2004 was awarded the Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent.

History
Established in 1998 at the initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Communication, the CND is described as being "located at the crossroads of dance culture, creation, dissemination and pedagogy." It was established at Pantin along the Canal de l'Ourcq, and has a permanent office in Rhône-Alpes, Lyon.

The CND provides training and certificate sources for both amateurs and professionals, such as the State diploma of teacher training or dance artists choreographers. It also has an extensive library, open to the public, with different materials including books and videos.

The building

The building was completed in 1972 by the architect Jacques Kalisz for use as the administrative centre of the city of Pantin. It is considered an example of Brutalist architecture.

Antoinette Robain and Claire Gueysse were selected as architects to resume the work of Jacques Kalisz, and transform it into the Centre National de la Danse (inaugurated in and winning the Prix de l'Équerre d'Argent in 2004). They focused on the treatment of materials and colors inside the building to create a horizontal consistency, while respecting its outward appearance.

References

External links

 Official site

Dance organizations
Buildings and structures completed in 1972
Buildings and structures in Seine-Saint-Denis
Culture of France
Brutalist architecture in France
Education in Île-de-France

Centre National de la Danse


William Lionel Fraser CMG (1895 – 2 January 1965) was a British banker and self-made millionaire.

Early life
Lionel Fraser was born in London, the second of four children of Scotsman Harry Fraser and Alice Barnard. Harry Fraser was butler to Harry Gordon Selfridge, the founder of the Selfridges department store chain.

Lionel Fraser attended St Mary Abbots higher grade church school in Kensington, London, but he also attended other schools from time to time, as his parents moved around the UK for work. Aged thirteen, Fraser received a scholarship to attend Pitman's School, which was where he received intensive training in French, German, Spanish, as well as in shorthand, typing, and accounts.

Career
In June 1911 at the age of sixteen, Fraser joined Bonn & Co, a small bank specializing in foreign exchange transactions. There he was responsible for correspondence and bookkeeping. Fraser's business career was interrupted when his territorial regiment mobilized on the outbreak of war in 1914. Although commissioned as an officer in 1915, Fraser had to leave his regiment due to an injury suffered in a football match. During the remainder of the war Fraser worked in naval intelligence.

By the time World War II started, Fraser had worked his way up to numerous business leadership roles on a national scale. During the war, he traded foreign currency while serving as an advisor to the UK Treasury. He became a director of Thomas Tilling, Tube Investments and Babcock, and chairman of the merchant bank Herbert Wagg. Other titles included Chelsea Borough Councillor, Trustee of the Tate Gallery, Liveryman of the Fishmongers' Company, and member of White's.

In 1963, he published his memoirs, All to the Good.

Personal life
In 1931, he married Cynthia Elizabeth Walter. They had two sons and a daughter. Both sons went to Eton: the elder Nicholas Fraser, who went on to a very successful career in the City, and the younger, Robert Fraser. As an adult, Robert became known as "Groovy Bob" because he was so well-connected to the leading figures in Swinging London in the 1960s. Their daughter, Janet, along with her fiancé, Richard Proby, was killed in a car accident on 14 March 1958.

Fraser was a devout Christian Scientist. He died on 2 January 1965 of bronchial pneumonia and cancer at his home, 30 Charles Street, London. His memorial service was held on 19 January 1965 at the Church of St Botolph without Bishopsgate in the City of London.

References

1895 births
1965 deaths
Bankers from London
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
British Christian Scientists
British Army officers
British Army personnel of World War I
Deaths from cancer in England
People associated with the Tate galleries
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
20th-century British memoirists
20th-century English businesspeople

Lionel Fraser


Professional School or Professional Education, in the United States and Canada, is a school that rewards professional degrees required to enter a profession, usually to become a lawyer or a medical doctor. Professional studies are sometimes confused with graduate studies. Although all professional degrees are graduate degrees, not all graduate degrees are professional degrees.

Examples of Professional Degrees include:

 Juris Doctor (JD): A law degree required in most states to become a lawyer. In Canada, the Juris Doctor Degree replaced the Bachelor of Laws degree in the late 2000s.
 Medical Degree (MD): A degree of medicine required in all states to become a physician, which the student must also complete post-graduate medical training known as residency to become a full license doctor.
 Osteopathic Medicine (DO): Equivalent to a medical degree (see above). However, this degree also allows a physician to perform osteopathy on patients.

Education in the United States

Professional school


Edward James Conway Donavon (31 May 1872 – 1951) was an Irish cricketer. He made his debut for the Ireland cricket team against South Africa in June 1904 and went on to play for them on four occasions, his last match coming against Yorkshire in May 1907.

Of his matches for Ireland, just once had first-class status, his last match against Yorkshire in May 1907. In all matches for Ireland, he scored 69 runs at an average of 34.50, with a top score of 38 against Cambridge University in July 1904. He took four wickets at an average of 29.75, with his best bowling figures of 2/17 also coming against Cambridge University.

His son Robert also represented Ireland at cricket.

References

1872 births
1951 deaths
Cricketers from Dublin (city)
Irish cricketers

Edward Donavon


Steven Browning Sample (November 29, 1940 – March 29, 2016) was the 10th president of the University of Southern California (USC). He became president in 1991 and was succeeded by C. L. Max Nikias on August 3, 2010.  Prior to his presidency at USC, Sample was the 12th president of the University at Buffalo (UB) in the State University of New York (SUNY) system from 1982 to 1991.  He was succeeded at UB by Bill Greiner.

Education
Sample was born on November 29, 1940 and grew up in the Belden Hill neighborhood of Wilton, Connecticut and received a scholarship to attend the University of Illinois to study engineering.  Sample held B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he was initiated as a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity.

Career

University at Buffalo presidency
Sample was president of the University at Buffalo from 1982 to 1991, and was succeeded by Bill Greiner. While president, he gained fame for upgrading the long-languishing sports program, and for guiding the university into being a major research institution. Accordingly, the university's academic functions were consolidated under the office of the provost, in a major change from prior tradition.

Honors
In 2004, Sample was honored by UB with the Charles P. Norton Medal, the highest honor given by the university.  Also in 2004, a scholarship fund was established in Sample's honor to go toward funding four years for an undergraduate who is a student in the Engineering and Applied Sciences Department, as well as being in the University Honors Program.

Regarding the establishment of a scholarship fund in his honor, Sample is quoted in a statement, included in an article in the June 2, 2004 edition of The Buffalo News by Stephen Watson, stating, "I am proud of the fact that, through this endowed scholarship, my name will be permanently linked with the University of Buffalo, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the honors program."

University of Southern California presidency

Under Sample's leadership, USC became world-renowned in the fields of communication and multimedia technologies, received national acclaim for its innovative community partnerships, and improved its status as one of the nation's leading research universities. In 1999, USC was ranked #41 among universities in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. In 2010, the final year of Sample's term, USC was ranked #26 in the same listing (USC is now ranked #23). In 2008, his own salary was $1.9 million.

USC announced on November 1, 2009 that Sample would step down as its president in August 2010. He explained that he wanted to see "fresh leadership" take charge.  After stepping down as President, and following a one-year sabbatical, Sample taught a course at USC with Warren Bennis.

On August 3, 2010, C.L. Max Nikias became the 11th president of the university.

Fundraising
Sample's fundraising initiatives raised more than $430 million for sponsored research. He led two strategic planning processes to improve the university on the whole. During his term, the university also conducted the second most successful fundraising campaign in the history of higher education, raising nearly $3 billion. These donations included major contributions of $112.5 million from Alfred Mann to establish the Mann Institute of Biomedical Engineering, $120 million from Ambassador Walter Annenberg to create the Annenberg Center for Communication, $100 million from the Annenberg Foundation, and a $110 million from the W. M. Keck Foundation for the Keck School of Medicine. More recently, Sample has overseen the $175 million gift from George Lucas to the School of Cinematic Arts.

Construction projects
He oversaw the construction of a number of important structures at USC. These included the Leavey Library, Popovich Hall, the International Residential College at Parkside, the Arts and Humanities Residential College at Parkside, and Ronald Tutor Hall.  Additional construction projects included the Galen Center, the George Lucas Building at the University Park Campus, the Ronald Tutor Campus Center, and the University Hospital at the Health Sciences Campus.

Research
Sample is the author of numerous journal articles and published papers in science and engineering and in higher education. His patents for digital appliance controls, particularly touch pads on microwave ovens, have been licensed to practically every major manufacturer of appliances in the world. Over 300 million home appliances have been built using his inventions.

Teaching
Sample had a passion for teaching and education at USC. He taught several classes to students in different fields and different class levels. Most recently, he taught "The Art and Adventure of Leadership" with Warren Bennis.

Books
In 2002, Sample published a book titled The Contrarian's Guide to Leadership. It explains his personal leadership philosophy and provides advice to readers.  More specifically, it details his style of leadership in the context of USC's rise as an institution in his decade as president.

Personal life
In 2001, Sample was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, but said he would not let it affect his duties as president. Sample was a resident of San Marino, California. On March 29, 2016, Sample died at the age of  75.

References

External links
 Steven B. Sample University at Buffalo presidential biography
 University of Southern California, President website

1940 births
2016 deaths
Leaders of the University at Buffalo
Presidents of the University of Southern California
University of Southern California faculty
American electrical engineers
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellow Members of the IEEE
People from San Marino, California
Engineers from California
20th-century American Episcopalians

Steven Sample


Town & Country is a romantic comedy movie from 2001. This movie is about an architect named Porter whose life begins coming apart. The movie is also about deceitful friends. Goldie Hawn plays Mona Morris. Andie MacDowell plays Eugenie. Jenna Elfman plays Auburn.

The movie was released on April 27, 2001 by Warner Bros. The reviews were very negative. Both critics and audiences did not like this movie. It bombed in the box office. Its intake was only barely US$10.5 million over a budget of $90 million.

American romantic comedy movies
2001 movies

Town & Country


Johnny Rodgers (born John Daniel Rodgers; June 5, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, Broadway star, and recording
artist whom The New York Times described as an entertainer "[who] can't be found anywhere else"  with "fused elements of Billy Joel, Peter Allen and Johnny Mercer."

Biography
Johnny Rodgers was born and grew up in Miami, FL.  Musical performance and stage productions were things he really liked early in life (and still does!). He attributes his grandmother's piano playing side by side as what started him down the music path as a youngster.  Grandma Brown, who always wanted to be a Ziegfeld Girl, picked out melodies on the piano for four-year-old Johnny to sing. K-K-K-Katy, beautiful Katy/You're the only g-g-g-girl that I adore (Geoffrey O'Hara) rang through the Rodgers house in what one can only imagine were tenuous high pitched tones.  Beginning in 7th grade, then high school, Johnny took ballet, tap (his parents set up a piece of plywood on the grass so he could practice) and jazz dance, voice, and finally found his way back to piano. His teacher, Mrs. Warren, assigned Bach. Johnny would show up with The Root Beer Rag by Billy Joel or an Elton John number. Every year he'd perform in musicals. Paula Wayne, who'd starred in Golden Boy (Lee Adams/Charles Strouse) with Sammy Davis Jr., was a valued mentor. At Carnegie Mellon Pre-College Summer Program, Johnny wrote his first song, We May Be Young, But We're Not Blind. He still excels in love songs.

Johnny attended New World School of the Arts in Miami and started college with a scholarship to Florida State's prestigious Musical Theater program.  Unfortunately, the head of the program was on sabbatical, Johnny felt the syllabus was redundant, and— he was lonely.  Back to Miami for a year at community college and then The Jazz Program at the University of Miami. He eventually followed one of his instructors to and graduated from Western Michigan University.

Career Hi-lights

U.S. Department of State Tours
Johnny Rodgers tours as Ambassador of American Music around the world on behalf of the U.S. State Department:

2010 - Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands including Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Philippines

2011 - Middle East and North Africa.  Performances and workshops in Bahrain, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Djibouti, and Egypt

2012 - Malaysia.   A special invitation from the Embassy to perform at the KK Kota Kinabalu Jazz Festival and other events.

2013 - Russia.  Performances and workshops in Tula, Kaluga, Tomsk, Moscow, Sochi and Yaroslavl

2014 - Russia.  St. Petersburg and Moscow for The Triumph of Jazz festival hosted by Igor Butman

2014 - Malaysia. US Embassy and the US Department of State's American Music Abroad tour in Malaysia. (with special guest Michelle Lambert).

Liza Minnelli tours
Liza Minnelli met Johnny while he was entertaining at lyricist Fred Ebb's Christmas party in 2002.  She recognized Johnny's talent taking him on her world tours as her pianist and then as featured singer, dancer, pianist, and songwriter in the Tony Award-winning Liza's at The Palace...!, which played on Broadway in 2009/2010 and now shows on PBS television.  Johnny co-wrote the featured song "I Would Never Leave You" and is included on the show's DVD release as well as the Grammy-nominated CD.

Johnny Rodgers Band
Johnny Rodgers Band (New York, NY) came together in New York City in 2003 and its mission is to bring musical depth to new, original songs. They are masters of an array of styles ranging from pop to jazz to classic rock. Music from the Johnny Rodgers Band provides a guided tour of Americana pop, from the piano-driven energy of rock and roll, to the supreme sophistication of jazz. This ensemble cultivates connections with audiences through performances, discussions, demonstrations, and exchange. The Johnny Rodgers Band has performed and recorded with artists such as Liza Minnelli, Michael Feinstein, Randy Brecker, and Tom Harrell, among others. Besides their own award winning recordings, this ensemble has been featured on recordings that celebrate Maury Yeston and Jule Styne. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) selected The Johnny Rodgers Band to interpret and perform the music of Billy Joel in a command performance for the "Piano Man" himself in The Allen Room at Frederick P. Rose Hall, home of Jazz at Lincoln Center.  They have also been selected as Music Ambassadors for the U.S. Department of State and Jazz at Lincoln Center's Rhythm Road international music tour and other cultural exchange programs.

Featuring:  	Johnny Rodgers – piano/vocals

		Brian Glassman – bass

		Danny Mallon – drums

		Joe Ravo – guitar

Musical theatre projects
Motherhood: The Musical.  Musical Director, Orchestrator, Arranger for this successful touring off-broadway production that debuted in 2010. He is also Produced the original cast album and is co-writer on 5 of the musical's songs.

Liberace The Musical.  Composer and Lyricist with rights holder Barbara Carole Sickmen.   Johnny's work started in 2011 on this new Broadway project about the life of Liberace.

Firecracker Jack.  Part of this musical was workshopped with ASCAP in New York City in 2010.  This original work co-written with Nathan Crone is not yet completed but is an original musical with baseball prowess at the center of the story.

Discography

Johnny Rodgers/Johnny Rodgers Band
Legends Of American Music, Volume 1 - Melody Thread 2012 - Produced by Johnny Rodgers Band

Let's Make A Date - Melody Thread 2008 - Produced by Richard Barone

Bound Together - Melody Thread 2008 - Produced by Richard Barone

Box of Photographs - PS Classics 2005 - Produced by Richard Barone

Vocal Performance/Co-written Songs
Liza's At The Palace "I Would Never Leave You" - Hybrid Recordings 2008

Liza's At The Palace "ACT II" - Hybrid Recordings 2008

Hallways: the Songs of Carol Hall "Change In Me" - LML Music 2008

Sweethearts: Multi-Artist Pop Hits Vol 1 "Special Light" - Oceanlight Records 2008

Jule Styne in Hollywood "Brooklyn Bridge"- PS Classics 2006

3 Men and a Baby...Grand, Salute the Rat Pack - LML Music 2006

Little Kisses, co-written & performs - Jolie Jones Music 2006

Maury Yeston Song Book "Danglin" - PS Classics 2003

Johnny Rodgers Band/Johnny Rodgers, producer
In Good Company - Lee Lessack LML Music 2005

Waiting for the Glaciers to Melt - Brian Lane Green LML Music 2005

Johnny Rodgers, producer/arranger/orchestrator/music supervisor/songwriter
Motherhood the Musical - Cast Recording, Sue Fabisch Mommy Music 2011

Awards and nominations
 Runner up 2011 - Song of the Year, "Lord Let The Angels Sing"
 Winner 2011 - Bistro Award - Johnny Rodgers Band, Outstanding Musical Group
 Nominated 2011 - Carbonell Musical Theatre Award - Musical Direction "Motherhood the Musical"
 Winner 2010 - Great American Song Contest, "One More Moment"
 Winner 2010 - Nightlife Award, Outstanding Jazz Vocalist
 Selected 2010 - Rhythm Road Music Ambassador by US Dept of State & Jazz at Lincoln Center
 Winner 2009 - United Kingdom Song Contest Winner "The Best Of You In Me"
 Winner 2009 - Unisong International Song Contest for Performance "Bound Together"
 Winner 2008 - ASCAP Foundation Song Writer Award
 Winner 2008 - 15th Annual Billboard World Song Contest - Americana/Folk category "Home to Mendocino"
 Winner 2008 - Fans voted "Midday Moon" #1 Jazz song on OurStage.com in Jazz channel
 Winner 2008 - Fans voted "The Best Of You In Me" #1 on OurStage.com in John Lennon Song Contest channel
 Selected 2008 - Armed Forces Entertainment
 Winner – Songwriter's Hall of Fame – Abe Oldman Award 2002 (Is It The Way?)
 Winner – BackStage Bistro Award – Outstanding New York Début 2002
 Winner – Best One Man Show – Show Business Weekly
 Winner – MAC Award – Best Male New York Début 2002

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Singers from Miami
Singer-songwriters from Florida
American male pianists
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American pianists
American male singer-songwriters

Johnny Rodgers (singer)


The leek , Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.), whiles kent as Allium porrum, is a vegetable that belangs, alang wi the ingan an garlic, tae the Alliaceae faimily. Twa sib vegetables, the elephant garlic an kurrat, is variant subspecies o Allium ampeloprasum an aw, awtho different in thair uisses as fuid.

Allium
Leaf vegetables
Naitional seembols o Wales
Ruit vegetables
Welsh cuisine
Welsh folklore

Leek