Gertrude Elizabeth, Lady Colin Campbell (née Blood; 3 May 1857 – 1 November 1911) was an Irish-born journalist, author, playwright, and editor. She was married to Lord Colin Campbell, a brother-in-law of Princess Louise, Queen Victoria's fourth daughter.

Early life
Her parents were Irish landowner Edmund Maghlin Blood (1815, Brickhill, County Clare – 1891, Chelsea, London) and Mary Amy Fergusson (1815, Leixlip, County Kildare – 8 October 1899, Chelsea, London) who had married in 1851. The Blood family had held estates in County Clare since the reign of Elizabeth I. Edmund and Mary produced three children: Neptune William (born 7 July 1853), Mary Beatrice (born c. 1855) and Gertrude Elizabeth.

Marriage

Gertrude, a statuesque dark-eyed and celebrated beauty, met Lord Colin Campbell in October 1880 while visiting friends in Scotland, and they had become engaged within days. The couple married on 21 July 1881.

Lord Colin had been born on 9 March 1853, the fifth son of George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll and Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Sutherland-Leveson-Gower. He graduated as a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), was the Member of Parliament for Argyllshire from 1878 to 1885, and started practising as a barrister in 1886.

The wedding had been twice postponed by Lord Colin because of his health issues, and when he proposed an antenuptial agreement, requiring being nursed until his doctor felt that he was well enough to consummate the marriage, Edmund Blood suspected the worst and openly inquired whether Lord Colin was suffering from "that loathsome disease", a euphemism for a sexually transmitted infection. Gertrude's mother, though, wanted wedding plans to proceed, perhaps because it would provide an entrée to what she regarded as elevated social circles. The Duke of Argyll opposed the match, feeling that his son would be marrying below his station.

The wedding took place in July 1881, the Campbells subsequently taking up residence at 79 Cadogan Place in London. It was later discovered that Lord Colin did indeed have a venereal disease and had infected Gertrude. It is generally assumed that he had syphilis, but there is no conclusive proof as to the nature of the disease.

Separation and divorce
Gertrude was granted a judicial separation from Lord Colin in 1884 (later upheld on appeal), on the grounds of cruelty, that he had knowingly infected her.

In late 1884, both parties filed for divorce, although the trial did not take place until the end of 1886. Lord Colin accused his wife of adultery, citing four names: George Spencer-Churchill, the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and a notorious adulterer; Sir Eyre Shaw, the chief of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade; Sir William Butler, noted soldier, adventurer and author; and Thomas Bird, the physician who had treated both Lord and Lady Campbell. William Court Gully, future Speaker of the House of Commons, acted as his counsel. Gertrude was defended by Sir Charles Russell.

Harry Furniss, the illustrator, was kept busy during the notorious trial, producing numerous portraits of the personalities involved for the daily newspapers. Proceedings including a visit by the jury to the Campbells' London home to verify the butler's testimony about witnessing through a keyhole Lady Colin's meetings with other men. With her divorce denied, the couple remained married until Lord Colin's death in 1895 of his "loathsome disease". In Great Britain, mutoscopes became known as "What the Butler Saw" machines in reference to the case.

The Blood parents had enjoyed a quiet, respectable lifestyle which was thrown into turmoil by the lengthy and scandalous divorce trial of their daughter with its prurient revelations.

Christabel Pankhurst said of the fact that Gertrude Blood had been denied a divorce: "According to man-made law a wife who is even once unfaithful to her husband has done him an injury which entitles him to divorce her...On the other hand, a man who consorts with prostitutes, and does this over and over again throughout his married life, has, according to man-made law, been acting only in accordance with human nature, and nobody can punish him for that."

Later life

With the trial over, Blood set about reshaping her life. She had always been fond of writing and turned easily to journalism, writing columns on art and travel, fashion, music and the theatre, sport and fishing – one of her favourite pastimes. Her other talents included painting, riding, cycling, swimming, a fine singing voice, an excellent command of French and Italian (which she had spoken long before being introduced to English), a bit of German, Spanish and Arabic, and was recognised as an expert fencer. She contributed regularly to the columns of the Saturday Review and the Pall Mall Gazette and later edited the Ladies Field. During her career she used the pseudonyms "Véra Tsaritsyn", "G. E. Brunefille" and "Q.E.D".

Although ostracised by the very society of which she had longed to be part – they had closed ranks when it became apparent that a member of their set was being publicly challenged –  her vivaciousness, liberal outlook, creativity and acerbic wit made her a welcome addition to literary and artistic circles. She was a confidante of Whistler who described her from his first meeting as "the very handsome and exceedingly amiable lady", and George Bernard Shaw saw her as a goddess. Her relationship with Frank Harris and Oscar Wilde, whom she called "the great white slug", was less cordial. She posed for Whistler for his painting Harmony in White and Ivory: Portrait of Lady Colin Campbell, which was lost or deliberately destroyed, and commissioned a portrait from Frank Duveneck, whose future wife, the artist Elizabeth Otis Lyman Boott (1846–1888), was also a close friend. Gertrude knew Duveneck well enough to secretly send some of his Venetian etchings to the New Society's first exhibition in 1881. She was regarded as eccentric and Augustus Hare records that she "wore a live snake around her throat in hot weather because it keeps one's neck so cool". In her column of 20 October 1897 in The World, she wrote a piece entitled 'Modern Gladiators' under the name "Véra Tsaritsyn", about attending the screening of a silent film at the Aquarium in London. The film covered the World Heavyweight Title clash at Carson City between James Corbett and Bob Fitzsimmons on 17 March 1897. Her description eulogises the physical clash and underlines her enjoyment of the sensual.

Shaw noted in his diary on 17 October 1889, that he had written to Edmund Yates asking that he give the position of art critic at The World to Lady Colin Campbell. Shaw's easily readable art and music reviews appeared regularly in The World and The Star, but as his time was taken up in other ways, he would gladly resign from what he regarded as a bore. Much later he would write to Frank Harris, "From Lady Colin Campbell onward, I have been familiar with celebrated beauties and with what is by no means the same thing, really beautiful women."

Shaw interviewed her in 1893 and wrote:
"Imagine a lady with a lightning wit, a merciless sense of humour, a skill in journalism surpassing that of any interviewer, a humiliatingly obvious power of reckoning you up at a glance, and probably not thinking much of you, a superb bearing that brings out all the abjectness in your nature, and a beauty the mere fame of which makes you fall into an attitude of amateurishly gallant homage that fulfils the measure of your sneaking confusion. The custom is for the interviewer to describe the subject of an interview as his "victim". It is not possible to express how completely the tables were turned on this occasion."  -George Bernard Shaw

Gertrude Elizabeth Blood died at Carlyle Mansions in London on 1 November 1911 after a long illness.

Selected works

Topo, A Tale About English Children in Italy London: Belfast, Marcus Ward & Co., 1876 under the nom-de-plume G. E. Brunefille, illustrated by Kate Greenaway
A Book of the Running Brook and of Still Waters (1885)
Darell Blake, a Study :Trischler (1889) – a novel
Etiquette of Good Society (1893) (editor)
The Lady's Dressing-Room (1893) (translator)
A Woman's Walks – London: Eveleigh Nash, 1903 – a selection of essays first published in "The World"
Bud and Blossom, a play
St. Martin's Summer, a play with Clothilde Graves
A Miracle in Rabbits

References

Bibliography
 Anne Jordan Love Well the Hour: Life of Lady Colin Campbell (1857–1911): Matador (2010)
Gordon H. Fleming Lady Colin Campbell: Victorian "Sex Goddess": Windrush (1989)

External links

London homes
Biography

1857 births
1911 deaths
British socialites
Pseudonymous women writers
Irish women dramatists and playwrights
Irish socialites
Victorian women writers
Victorian writers
British women dramatists and playwrights
19th-century Irish women writers
19th-century Irish dramatists and playwrights
19th-century pseudonymous writers
Wives of younger sons of peers
19th-century Irish journalists

Gertrude Elizabeth Blood


Love Fiction () is a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed by Jeon Kye-soo, and starring Ha Jung-woo and Gong Hyo-jin.

Plot
Goo Joo-wol (Ha Jung-woo) is a novelist (and part-time bartender) suffering writer's block and he has not been able to write anything for the past couple of years. A hopeless romantic, he looks to find artistic inspiration in every woman he meets, but ends up only with despair and heartache. One day, his publisher asks him to come along to a book fair in Germany for a change of pace. There he meets Hee-jin (Gong Hyo-jin), a film distributor who is there to survey the European film market at an event in Berlin. Unsurprisingly, he falls in love instantly, and upon returning to Seoul, he writes her a love letter displaying his odd sense of humor, which convinces her to go out on a date with him. As their relationship progresses, Joo-wol writes a bestselling pulp noir serial with a main character loosely based on Hee-jin. However, with this newfound popularity he begins to discover more than he would like to know about his girlfriend's complicated history with men.

Cast

 Ha Jung-woo as Goo Joo-wol / Detective Ma Dong-wook
 Gong Hyo-jin as Lee Hee-jin / Kim Hae-young
 Jo Hee-bong as Publisher Kwak / Detective squad chief Kwak
 Lee Byung-joon as M
 Ji Jin-hee as Goo Joo-ro, Joo-wol's older brother
 Yoo In-na as Soo-jung / Kyung-sook
 Kim Ji-hoon as Hwang / Detective Ryu
 Seo Hyun-woo as Yi-gyu
 Choi Doo-ri as Kyung-ja
 Kwak Do-won as Director Hwang / Murdered senator
 Kim Seong-gi as Dr. Pyo
 Choi Yu-hwa as Min-ji / Veronica
 Park Young-soo as Young-shik / Director Jo
 Jo Yong-joon as Sysop
 Lee Jun-hyeok as Professor Jeong
 Kim Hye-hwa as Ma-yi
 Kim Jae-hwa as Joo-hee
 Park Joon-myun as Baek Sun-young
 Choi Won-tae as Baek Seon-il
 Kang Shin-cheol as Hee-jin's ex-husband
 Son Byung-wook as Joo-wol's high school gym coach
 Jeon Su-ji as art teacher
 Kim Hye-ji as beauty salon hairdresser
 Chi Woo as Joo-wol as a high school teen
 Yeom Hyun-seo as little girl Ye-ja

Production
This is Jeon Kye-soo's third feature film following his 2006 debut Midnight Ballad for Ghost Theater (a surreal musical comedy that won the Baeksang award for Best New Director), the short film U AND ME in the 2008 omnibus If You Were Me 4, and 2010's Hong Sang-soo-style indie Lost and Found.

With a background in stage and dance, Jeon said he was inspired by French director Jean-Pierre Jeunet and his 1991 film Delicatessen to become a director.

The script was completed in 2007 but Jeon couldn't find anyone to invest in the unconventional romantic comedy, largely because industry insiders considered the plot to be too difficult for the general public to understand. The script was written for Ha Jung-woo and he committed to the film from the beginning, but Jeon said, "We had this good actor Ha Jung-woo but investors changed their minds because they thought the script lacked widespread appeal and the public wouldn't like or understand it."

Jeon first met producer Eom Yong-hoon while making Midnight Ballad for Ghost Theater and the two developed a friendship. When production of Love Fiction was cancelled in 2009, Eom sold his apartment in order to launch his own production company Samgeori Pictures because he wanted to develop Jeon's script into a film. (Eom also produced 2011's surprise hit The Crucible.)

Filming began in 2011, with Gong Hyo-jin replacing Kang Hye-jung as the leading lady.  Jeon said of Ha and Gong, "They were perfect in many ways. They gave us their best in just a couple of takes. I couldn't have asked for more than that."

Explaining the puzzling name of Goo Joo-wol, Jeon said "I find the (name's) sound important. It has that sound of a character that steps out the door of his house at around 2 p.m. in his pajamas, loitering about without doing much, like a neighborhood rogue complaining about society."

Similar to the fantastical style of Cédric Klapisch's Auberge Espagnole, Joo-wol's complex inner side is displayed through conversations shared with an imaginary character 'M'. In making Joo-wol the focus, the film shows how men beg for love and quickly lose interest in their partners once they are stuck in a relationship.

Touted as a "Male Bridget Jones" and a "Korean 500 Days of Summer", the insightful love story tracks the hero's bumbling journey through modern dating, which turns out to be a lot harder than he thought. "The film is hopefully everything that a man can experience in love," said Jeon, "in two hours" (of running time).

Soundtrack

Release

Box office
Ticket sales surpassed expectations, reaching 1 million viewers in only 5 days of release, and breaking even on the 8th day. It was the 16th most-watched Korean film in 2012, at 1,726,202 admissions.

Critical reception
The film is unique in that it unfolds 100% from Joo-wol's perspective, thus Jeon anticipated some negative feedback from women, saying Gong did have several problems with the story, but the film is his "response to those concerns." Several female moviegoers who attended advance screenings expressed their discomfort after watching it, flooding the blogosphere with their voices against the quasi-universal praise from the press. Jeon said, "Reality can be ragged, pathetic and desperate," adding that he expected the audience to ask why they have to watch that sad truth on the silver screen instead of a fairy tale with a prince charming. Whereas most Korean films present a more positive and less nuanced picture of love, the film highlights the challenges in romantic relationships. The Korea Times describes the film as "a perplexing tribute to love, a brutally honest portrayal of its progressive steps — from courtship to fizzling out. It is a satire of the bachelor social ladder, on top of which sit three-piece suits and white gowns while the rock bottom is occupied by poor artists. It is a story of a writer's block, which the protagonist hopes to overcome with a muse. It is a story of the man in its unpasteurized form: that needy, selfish and affection-seeking part of the human male species taking shape as the protagonist."

Awards and nominations

References

External links

2012 films
2012 romantic comedy films
South Korean romantic comedy films
Films about writers
Films set in Seoul
Films set in Berlin
Films shot in Seoul
Films directed by Jeon Kye-soo
Next Entertainment World films
2010s Korean-language films
2010s South Korean films

Love Fiction


D'Bora Lippett is an American female dance artist.  She was previously a member of the all-female rap group, Mercedes Ladies.

D'Bora released her first single "No Sense" on New York City based dance label West End Records in 1984. It was released with two different mixes. This was the start of a 15+ year career for the singer.

D'Bora's single, "Dream About You" was a chart-topper in the UK's clubs.  It also topped the import charts, but reached #75 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1991.  The album version was remixed by Steve "Silk" Hurley as a single. The album was called E.S.P and appeared on Smash Records.

Four years later, on a new record label (MCA Records), D'Bora released her US and UK club hit "Going Round". It hit Top 40 in the UK Single Chart.  The follow-up, "Good Love, Real Love", was less successful in the UK Singles Chart (#58). A 1999 single, "Honey", performed worse and failed to reach the UK Top 75.

References

External links

American dance musicians
American women singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women

D'Bora


Quinsigamond State Park is a public recreation area comprising two day-use areas along the western shore of Lake Quinsigamond in the city of Worcester, Massachusetts. The Regatta Point area is across North Lake Avenue from the University of Massachusetts Medical School, north of Route 9. The Lake Park area is south of Route 9. The park is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Activities and amenities
Races: Lake Quinsigamond has an internationally known 2,000 meter rowing course and is one of the oldest competition rowing sites in the country. The park provides a good place from which to view regattas.
Regatta Point: The  at Regatta Point offer swimming, sailing, picnicking, and fishing facilities.
Lake Park: The Lake Park area includes a picnic area, swimming beach, and tennis courts.

References

External links

Quinsigamond State Park Department of Conservation and Recreation

State parks of Massachusetts
Parks in Worcester, Massachusetts

Quinsigamond State Park


Gessica Kayane Rocha de Vasconcelos, better known as Gkay, is a Brazilian actress, YouTuber and TikToker. As an actress, she is best known for starring in the films Christmas Full of Grace and Carnaval on Netflix, and Os Roni on the Multishow channel. She is the presenter of the reality television show LOL: Se Rir, Já Era! from Amazon Prime Video.

Filmography

Television

Movies

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
21st-century Brazilian actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)

Gkay


Leilani "Lucky" Franco, (born. 9 April 1986) is a British contortionist based in London and Berlin.

She is most well known for appearances of a 2012 Britain's Got Talent semi-finalist, 2012 Das Supertalent semi-finalist and 2011 Eurovision solo dancer in Turkey. She has Guinness World Records for travelling a distance of 20 m (65 ft 7.2 in) in a back-bent position in a time of 10.05 seconds and the fastest contortion roll over a distance of 20 m (65 ft 7.2 in) in a time of 17.47 seconds.

She performs as a freelancer with several companies in London and Berlin, such as NoFit State Circus, Cirque du Soleil, Cirque Eloize, The Box Soho, and Little Big World.

Early life
Franco began her career at the age of six. In her youth, she studied piano, dance, martial arts and gymnastics until the age of sixteen in Manila, Philippines. There she joined the Philippine Ballet Theatre. Then she attended École nationale de cirque in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from 2005, where she received the Diploma of Contortion and Circus Arts in 2008 and a minor in Chinese pole dancing.

Works
From 2008 to 2010, Franco worked exclusively with Cirque Éloize as a contortionist. In 2011, she moved to London to work as a freelance artist in clubs and cabarets such as The Box Soho, Cafe de Paris, Supperclub, The Old Vic Tunnels Edinburgh Fringe Festival and at various shows with the old Boom Boom club (now Boom and Bang Circus) in South Bank, London.

Since 2013, she has participated in the show Little Big World by Sebastiano Toma in Germany. Additionally, she worked in the show Dummy at Chameleon Theatre as a replacement.

Awards and career highlights
2013 Guinness World Records – 3 World records
2013 UK Circus Meximus – finalist
2012 Das Supertalent – semi-finalist
2012 Britain's Got Talent – semi-finalist
2012 Stoli UK Original's – winner, subject of the documentary produced by Stoli, directed by Martin Smith
2011 SolyCirco Festival GOP – Star of Tomorrow Award
2011 Eurovision – solo dancer for Turkey with the rock group Yüksek Sadakat
2010 Cirque du Demain Paris – Coup de Coeur Award for Leilani and Sancho duo, bboy and contortionist

Personality
Franco is currently attending BA Contemporary Media Practice at the University of Westminster and is expected to graduate in the summer 2014. There she experiments her advanced potentials in performance by blending and integrating different media arts such as film-making, new media, installations with contortion.
While she studies different media voluntarily in the academic field, she also shows her interests in expanding her artistic field. She has founded a production company, Twisted Arthouse, and is producing and starring in her upcoming film project.

References

External links
"Leilani Franco" on IMDb
"Leilani Franco" on Guinness world records

Contortionists
British circus performers
1986 births
Living people

Leilani Franco


An omelette (also spelled as omelet) is a type of food that is mainly eggs, with various fillings.  In the United States omelettes are usually eaten at breakfast. However omelettes can be eaten as a light lunch or late evening meal.

Making an Omelette

An omelette is prepared from beaten eggs cooked with butter or oil in a frying pan. A thin, flat 'heavy' omelette is usually folded around a filling such as cheese, vegetables, meat, or some combination of these ingredients. In some traditions, omelettes are fried to cook the bottom and then flipped over or in half for final stage of cooking. However, in other traditions, omelettes is baked to cook it evenly or the top is cooked under a broiler. When making an omelette, it is best to use several eggs. Put a little water in with the eggs when you mix them up because the water helps the eggs to produce steam as they cook. The steam makes them lighter and fluffier. Using oil in the bottom of a nonstick omelette pan helps prevent the omelette from sticking.

For a full light and fluffy omolette separate the egg whites and whisk to stiff peaks then fold in the yolks. Cook by frying in a knob of butter on a medium heat until center starts to dry then fold in half and cook until its hot in the middle.

"Famous" Omelettes
There are many different types of omelette, often with different names, depending on what is used as a filling.

Arnold Bennett
Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 - 27 March 1931) was a British writer.  Often after having been to the theatre in London he visited the Savoy Hotel's Grillroom.  The chef added haddock, cream and Parmesan cheese to the basic omelette and called the new dish "Omelette Arnold Bennett" in his customer's honour.

Napoleon
According to legend when Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were marching through southern France, they stopped for the night near the town of Bessieres. A local innkeeper made Napoleon an omelette.  Napoleon was so impressed by the cooking he ordered the townspeople to collect all the eggs in the village and to prepare a huge omelette for his army the next day.

References

Egg dishes

Omelette


Steve Murphy (born September 9, 1957) is a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota Senate who represented District 28, which includes portions of Goodhue, Wabasha and Winona counties in the southeastern part of the state. A Democrat, he was first elected in 1992, representing the old District 29 until redistricting in 2002.  He was re-elected in 1996, 2000, 2002 and 2006. On January 22, 2010, he announced that he would not seek a sixth term.

Murphy was chair of the Senate Transportation Committee. He was a member of the Senate's Agriculture and Veterans Committee, Business, Industry and Jobs Committee, Capital Investment Committee, and Finance Committee. He also served on the Finance subcommittees for the Agriculture and Veterans Budget and Policy Division, for the Transportation Budget and Policy Division (which he also chaired), and for the Transportation Budget and Policy Division-Transit Subdivision, and on the Transportation Subcommittee for Airways, Waterways and Railways. He was also appointed to several Workforce Development councils by Senate leadership and the governor.

Murphy attended Red Wing Technical College and Eastern Illinois University. He is a four-year veteran of the United States Marine Corps. Prior to being elected senator, he worked as an operator with Northern States Power (now Xcel Energy), and has spent over 25 years with the company. He also worked at the Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant for six years, and at the Red Wing Steam Plant for 19 years. He has been married twice and has two children.

References

External links

 Biography Senator Murphy Web Page
 Minnesota Public Radio Votetracker: Senator Steve Murphy
"Red Wing lawmaker wraps up 18-year legislative career" Rochester Post-Bulletin 5/25/2010
Follow the Money - Steve Murphy Campaign Contributions
2006 2002 2000 1996

1957 births
Living people
People from Red Wing, Minnesota
Politicians from San Francisco
Military personnel from California
Military personnel from Minnesota
Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
Eastern Illinois University alumni
21st-century American politicians

Steve Murphy (politician)


Kyrenia District is one of the six districts of Cyprus. Its main town is Kyrenia.

It is the only district completely controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. There are three municipalities and 44 communities. The municipalities are: Karavas, Kyrenia, and Lapithos.

Republic of Cyprus
Northern Cyprus

Kyrenia District


The Team of the 20th Century in Icelandic basketball was chosen in 2001. The selection of the men's team was made by a 50-person panel while a 25-person panel selected the women's team.

Men's team of the century
Player of the century
Pétur Guðmundsson

Starting five
F - Valur Ingimundarson
F - Teitur Örlygsson
C - Pétur Guðmundsson
G - Jón Sigurðsson
G - Jón Kr. Gíslason

Bench
G - Þorsteinn Hallgrímsson
F - Torfi Magnússon
F - Símon Ólafsson
G - Kolbeinn Pálsson
C - Einar Bollason
F - Guðmundur Bragason
G - Pálmar Sigurðsson

Women's team of the century
Player of the century
Anna María Sveinsdóttir

Starting five
F - Linda Stefánsdóttir
F - Guðbjörg Norðfjörð
C - Anna María Sveinsdóttir
G - Linda Jónsdóttir
G - Björg Hafsteinsdóttir

Bench
F - Hanna Björg Kjartansdóttir
G - Alda Leif Jónsdóttir
F - Erla Þorsteinsdóttir
C - Kolbrún Leifsdóttir
F - Hafdís Helgadóttir
G - Emilía Sigurðardóttir
G - Erla Reynisdóttir

Coaches of the century
Einar Bollason
Friðrik Ingi Rúnarsson

Referees of the century
Jón Otti Ólafsson
Leifur S. Garðarsson

Notes

Icelandic basketball team of the 20th century


The Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP;  , ) is the Syrian branch of the Turkistan Islamic Party, an armed Uyghur Jihadist group with a presence in the Syrian Civil War. While the TIP has been active in Syria, the organization's core leadership is based in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with a presence in its home territory of China.

History
TIP (ETIM) sent the "Turkistan Brigade" (Katibat Turkistani), also known as the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria to take part in the Syrian Civil War, most noticeably in the 2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive. Long War Journal reported in 2015 that Turkistan Islamic Party, alongside other foreign fighters like Chechens and Uzbek militants, had ties to Al-Qaeda network.

TIP has participated in:

 Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)
 Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)
 Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase
 Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
 Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)
 Latakia offensive (2015–2016)
 Aleppo offensive (October 2015 – present)
 Siege of Al-Fu'ah-Kafarya (2015)
 Aleppo offensive (April 2016)
 Aleppo offensive (May 2016)

Syrian Churches have been demolished by Turkistan Islamic Party Uyghur fighters, who exalted in the acts of destruction, and in Homs and Idlib battlefields the Turkistan Islamic Party cooperated with Uzbek brigades and Jabhat al-Nusra, Jabhat al-Nusra and IS (ISIL) compete with each other to recruit Uyghur fighters. In Jisr al-Shughur a Church's cross had a TIP flag placed on top of it after the end of the battle. The Uzbek group Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Tavhid va Jihod katibasi) released a video featuring themselves and the Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party attacking and desecrating Christian Churches in Jisr al-Shughur. Jabhat al Nusra and Turkistan Islamic Party fighters were accused of displacing Christian residents of rural Jisr al-Shughour, and reportedly killed a Syrian Christian man along with his wife, accusing them of being Syrian government agents. The Saudi news agency Al-Arabiya said that the area was Alawite.

Turkistan Islamic Party has exploited the Turkish Postal Service and Turkish banks to solicit donations via the organization "Türkistan İslam Derneği" through the website "Doğu Türkistan Bülteni".

Child soldiers
Camps training children for Jihad are being run by the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria. Uyghur child soldiers being instructed in Sharia and training with guns were depicted in a video released by TIP.

Route into Syria
According to the Jamestown Foundation, Turkish connections were used by Uyghur fighters to go into Syria and the humanitarian Uyghur East Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association (ETESA) which is located in Turkey sent Uyghurs into Syria, endorsed the killing of the pro-China Imam Juma Tayir, applauded attacks in China, and posted on its website content from the TIP.

Its top commander Abu Omar al-Turkistani who also served as the group's first overall leader was killed in an American drone strike in Sarmada, Idlib on 1 January 2017. His replacement leader Abu Rida al-Turkistani was then killed in a series of Russian airstrikes on his home near the town of Ariha on 12 January 2017 leaving his entire family dead as well. Ibrahim Mansour succeeded Abu Rida al-Turkistani as the third leader of TIP since then.

See also
 Jihadism
 Terrorism in China
 Xinjiang raid
 Turkistan Islamic Party

References

External links
Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām
Turkistan Islamic Party | FDD's Long War Journal
news.siteintelgroup.com

2012 establishments in Syria
Qutbist organisations
Anti-government factions of the Syrian civil war
East Turkestan independence movement
Jihadist groups in Syria
Pan-Turkist organizations
Sunni Islamist groups
Turkistan Islamic Party
Turkish supported militant groups of the Syrian civil war

Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria


The following is a list of prisoner-of-war camps in the Soviet Union during World War II. The Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in 1929.

Polish POWs
On September 19, 1939,  Lavrenty Beria (the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs) ordered Pyotr Soprunenko to set up the NKVD Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees to manage camps for Polish prisoners. The following camps were established to hold members of the Polish Army:
Yukhnovo (rail station of Babynino),
Yuzhe (Talitsy)
Kozelsk
Kozelshchyna
Oranki
Stolbnyi Island on Lake Seliger near Ostashkov (ru)
Putyvl (rail station of Tyotkino),
Starobelsk (ru)
Vologod (rail station of Zaenikevo),
Gryazovets

German POWs
Voikovo prison camp

Hungarian POWs
Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Notes

.
.01
P
Soviet Union
Pow Camps
.Pow Camps

World War II prisoner-of-war camps in the Soviet Union

List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in the Soviet Union


Instant-boiled mutton () is a Chinese hot pot dish.

Introduction

Instant-boiled mutton, also known as Mongolian Fire Pot or dip-boil mutton, is a Chinese hot pot dish. Traditionally, Chinese people have eaten it inside the home during cold winter weather, but in recent times, instant-boiled mutton has been eaten year-round. It is also eaten in restaurants.

Mutton slice often uses different cut from the back (e.g. shangnao, sancha, etc.) and rear legs (e.g. modang). The tail of the lamb is used to prepare the soup base.

History
Instant-boiled mutton dates back to the Yuan Dynasty. At one point during a battle, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire, Kublai Khan, had a sudden craving for stewed mutton. However, the enemy's troops were approaching. To satisfy Kublai Khan's desire, a chef quickly cut off a dozen thin mutton slices and put them in boiling water. He removed them as soon as the lamb changed color and put them into a bowl with salt. Kublai Khan finished the mutton quickly and returned to the battle, which he won. At the victory banquet, Kublai Khan requested that the chef make this lamb dish again and named it instant-boiled mutton.

Cooking and eating method
When instant-boiled mutton is eaten in China, a hot-pot of boiling water is placed in the middle of the table.  Tofu, Chinese cabbage, bean sprouts, and vermicelli are normally included in the hot-pot. Lamb is pre-sliced paper-thin into unbroken pieces and served on the table. Eaters pick up some pre-sliced raw lamb using chopsticks, put it in the boiling hot-pot, and remove it as soon as the lamb changes color. Each person has a small bowl to hold sauce for the cooked lamb; the sauce is normally a mixture of sesame sauce, chili oil, leeks, and more.

See also
 List of lamb dishes

References
 Zhongli, Tumei. (2007). Food in China. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. .

External links
 www.china.org.cn
 www.chinesefoodrecipes.org
 Lamb:Good for you
 China Eating Out Guide

Beijing cuisine
Lamb dishes
Chinese soups and stews

Instant-boiled mutton


The Furggen (3,492 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Italy (Aosta Valley) and Switzerland (Valais). It is the culminating point of the ridge named Furgggrat stretching from the Furggjoch (3,271 m) to the Theodul Pass (3,295 m), and is located halfway between the Matterhorn and Testa Grigia.

The peak is the site of the now abandoned cable car station. Construction on the cable car began in the summer of 1950 - with the station on the Furggen summit designed by Carlo Mollino - and the lift opened to the public on 25 December 1952. The lift had a single span of 2,887m long - making it the world's longest at the time of its opening. The car could hold 25 passengers and transport 240 people per hour. The lift between Plan Maison and Furggen was designed as part of a system of cable cars reaching from Breuil-Cervinia to the Matterhorn, with leg one running from Breuil-Cervinia to Plan Maison (opened on 4 March 1939). Leg 2 running from Plan Maison up to the summit of Furggen, and leg 3 reaching the top of the Matterhorn. The final leg was never constructed, partly as a result of the large cost and due to environmental opposition. The leg between Plan Maison and Furggen was abandoned in 1993 after ice brought down the cables and they were never replaced. The station on the summit of Furggen is now abandoned, but the leg between Breuil-Cervinia and Plan Maison is still in place.

See also
List of buildings and structures above 3000 m in Switzerland

References

External links

Furggen on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Aosta Valley
Mountains of Valais
Italy–Switzerland border
International mountains of Europe
Mountains of Switzerland

Furggen


Villalcázar de Sirga is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 216 inhabitants.

On the Camino Francés in medieval times the church of the Virgin of Villasirga was an important point on the route to Santiago de Compostela. Infante Philip of Castile and his second wife, Inés Rodríguez Girón, are buried in the church.

References

Municipalities in the Province of Palencia
Burial sites of the Castilian House of Burgundy

Villalcázar de Sirga


The Elms Academy is a mixed secondary academy in the London borough of Lambeth. Its sponsor is United Learning.

Admissions
The Elms Academy is owned and run by United Learning, a subsidiary of the United Church Schools Trust. In Summer 2011 the first group of students who had arrived in 2004 completed their A-levels and achieved excellent results. They have established an alumni society called Lambeth Academicals, to maintain contact through sporting social and other activities.
2011 saw results rising to 58% of GCSE students obtaining 5A*-C grades, including English and Maths.  This represented a 22% increase, making the Academy one of the most improved schools in London and placing it above the national average in this respect.

Lambeth Academy specialises in English with Business & Enterprise.  There are around 180 in sixth form. It is situated on Elms Road just east of Clapham Common, off the A24, north of the junction with the South Circular Road (A205). Next door is the sixth-form centre of Lambeth College. It lies in the parish of Holy Spirit, Clapham.

History
Lambeth Academy was founded after a four-year campaign by local parents, including the author John O'Farrell, who became the school's first Chair of Governors, a post he held for eight years. He recalls the campaign and his involvement in the school in his memoir 'Things Can Only Get Worse'. The academy was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004. The first principal was Ms Pat Millichamp, who retired after two years.

The second principal was Mr Stephen Potter who retired during the Christmas break of 2011 who was then replaced by Ms Jan Shadick, who served in this position until Summer 2017. She was succeeded by Ms Carol Shepherd until her resignation in the Christmas of 2017. Subsequently, she was succeeded by Mr Peter Mathershaw who stood down as headteacher in the summer of 2018, he was replaced by Mr Leon Wilson who is the current Executive Headteacher of this school and the nearby Hurlingham Academy.

The chair of governors is Chioma Oganya.

Henry Thornton School
The Academy is built on the site of the Henry Thornton School (HTS). This school opened in 1929 as a boys' grammar school. It had around 450 boys. It was well known in national lacrosse competitions. It became a comprehensive in 1968 with around 1,500 boys, then merged with the Hydeburn School to become the Chestnut Grove School in Balham in 1986, and the site became the Henry Thornton Centre of Clapham and Balham Adult Education Institute. In 2003 the former grammar school was demolished to make way for the Academy.

Notable former pupils

Lambeth Academy

 Diogo Costa, Lambeth Councillor for Oval ward and Software Engineer
 Jamie Flatters, actor and filmmaker

Henry Thornton School
 Prof Kenneth Andrews, Professor of History from 1979 to 1988 at the University of Hull
 Prof L. Bruce Archer CBE, Professor from 1971 to 1988 at the Royal College of Art, and President from 1994 to 2005 of the Design Research Society
 Chris Batt OBE, Chief Executive from 2003 to 2007 of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council
 Hywel Bennett, actor
 Michael Caplan, barrister
 Prof Percy Crowe, Professor in Geography from 1953 to 1971 at the University of Manchester
 John Esmonde and Bob Larbey, scriptwriters who wrote The Good Life
 Prof Michael Farthing, Vice-Chancellor since 2007 of the University of Sussex, and President from 2007 to 2008 of the British Society of Gastroenterology
 Eric Gilder, composer
 Jimmy Hill, ex-footballer and former television sports presenter
 Peter Waterman, boxer
 Peter Katin, concert pianist
 Alun Lewis, actor
 Prof Donald Pashley, Professor of Materials from 1979 to 1982 at Imperial College London
 Tom Phillips, artist
 Sir Norman Prichard, Chairman 1955-56 of London County Council
 Peter Robert Rawson, Group Company Secretary 1992-1997 of Prudential plc
 Prof Herbert Arthur Frederick Turner, Montague Burton Professor of Industrial Relations from 1963 to 1983 at the University of Cambridge
 Michael Thomas (footballer, born 1967), Professional from 1984 until 2001. Played football for Arsenal, Portsmouth, Liverpool, Middlesbrough, Sport Lisboa e Benfica, and Wimbledon, as well as the England Under-21s, England B and the England National Team.

References

External links
 Lambeth Academy website
 Lambeth - Lambeth Academy
 Former school
 History of Henry Thornton School
 Lambeth League Table 09
 Lambeth Academy Profile BBC

United Learning schools
Academies in the London Borough of Lambeth
Educational institutions established in 2004
Secondary schools in the London Borough of Lambeth
2004 establishments in England

Lambeth Academy


The Frietmuseum (Fries museum) is a museum in Bruges, Belgium, which is devoted to the history of potatoes and the production of Belgian fries. It describes itself as "the first and only museum dedicated to potato fries".

History
The museum was founded in 2008 by Eddy Van Belle, who had previously opened two other museums in Bruges, both based in one building: Choco-Story, which is dedicated to Belgium's chocolate industry, and Lumina Domestica, which houses Van Belle's 6,500-piece collection of lamps. Inspired by the popularity of Choco-Story, Van Belle had researched the possibility of a museum dedicated to fries, and was encouraged to open the Frietmuseum after discovering that no similar museum existed elsewhere.

Description

The Frietmuseum is located in the Gothic Saaihalle (former wool hall) at Vlamingstraat 33. This is one of the oldest buildings in the World Heritage listed historic centre of Bruges and dates back to 1399, with an annexe added shortly afterwards. Throughout the fifteenth century, this building was used as a base for the activities of Genoese merchants. Prior to the museum's opening, it underwent a year and a half of renovation work, including restoration of the façade. During this work, no structural changes were made to the interior of the building.

The museum is spread across three floors. Exhibits on the ground floor trace the history of potatoes, beginning in Peru c.8000BC. The first floor details the history of fries, and their origins in Belgium. The basement of the building houses a cafe. Exhibits include photographs, artwork, historical potato peelers and chip-making machines, and a video outlining how to make perfect fries.

Building
The building is housed in the Gothic Saaihalle (former wool hall). The building dates back to 1399, was extended as the residence of the Consul of Genoa in 1441, used by weavers from 1578 to 1750, and has since served variously as an inn, café, cinema, dancehall, and since 1978 as a bank and exhibition space.

See also
 National Heritage Site (Belgium)

References

External links
  (in English)

Museums in Bruges
Museums established in 2008
2008 establishments in Belgium
Potato museums
French fries

Frietmuseum


SAM 123 is a fictitious license plate number in the United States and Canada, often reserved for use as an example license plate, similar to the way the 555 telephone number is a fictitious telephone number prefix, to be used for creating example telephone numbers.  Some states have also reserved the combination "SAMPLE". However, not all states and provinces use SAM 123, with it appearing on regularly issued license plates. These states and provinces tend to use other numbers such as ABC 123.

Some of the uses include photographs of license plates for advertising purposes, for use as a fictitious license plate on automobiles in films, and for any other purpose where use of a real license plate number is undesirable.

See also
 2GAT123

Vehicle registration plates
Placeholder names

SAM 123


In meteoritics, a parent body is the celestial body from which originates a meteorite or a class of meteorites.

Identification
The easiest way to correlate a meteorite with a parent body is when the parent body still exists. This is the case for Lunar and Martian meteorites. Samples from Lunar meteorites can be compared with samples from the Apollo program. Martian meteorites can be compared to analysis carried out by rovers (e.g. Curiosity).

Meteorites can also be compared to spectral classes of asteroids. In order to identify the parent body of a class of meteorites, scientists compare their albedo and spectra with other known bodies. These studies show that some meteorite classes are closely related to some asteroids. The HED meteorites for example are correlated with 4 Vesta.  Another, perhaps most useful way to classify meteorites by parent bodies is by grouping them according to composition, with types from each hypothetical parent body clustering on a graph. Meteoriticists have tentatively linked extant meteorites to 100-150 parent bodies; far fewer than the ~1 million main-belt asteroids larger than a kilometer, this apparent sampling bias remains an area of active research.

See also
 Asteroid family
 Glossary of meteoritics

References

Meteorite mineralogy and petrology
Asteroids
Meteorites

Parent body


William John Eythe (April 7, 1918 – January 26, 1957) was an American actor of film, radio, television and stage.

Early life
Born in Mars, Pennsylvania, a small town located about 25 miles from Pittsburgh, he was interested in acting from a young age. He converted an old barn into a theatre and started performing plays he had written.

He managed a dairy store in his home town for a year and began taking night courses at the Art Institute of Pittsburgh. He went to see Burgess Meredith on stage in Winterset and Meredith advised him to study at Carnegie Tech University. At Carnegie, Eythe appeared in over 80 plays.

Career

Theatre Work
Eythe appeared in and produced Lend an Ear for the Pittsburgh Civic Playhouse. He also acted in that play in Cohassett, Massachusetts with Sheila Barrett. He formed the Fox Chapel Players in Pittsburgh, a stock company composed mostly of former Carnegie students; it lasted one production of Lilliom.

In June 1941 Eythe joined his first professional stock company, in Cohassett, appearing alongside such names as Ruth Chatterton, Nancy Carroll and George Nagel. He was seen in a production of Ladies in Retirement by a talent scout from 20th Century Fox who offered a screen test. Eythe turned it down, saying he was not ready.

After appearing in Caprice in Canada with Chatterton, Eythe went to New York.

New York
In New York, Eythe got various jobs performing in radio dramas and as an announcer for a local television station, WBNT. He was MC for a variety show.

Eythe had a role on Broadway in The Moon is Down (1942) by John Steinbeck. During try-outs in Baltimore, Eythe was hit on the head doing a scene, injuring his hearing. This meant he would be unfit for military service. During the Second World War, many of Hollywood's young male stars were away at war, and the film studios were forced to locate newer, younger actors who were below the age of military service, or those actors who were considered unfit for service due to medical conditions. As one such actor, Eythe was spotted by a talent scout for 20th Century Fox films.

The test was successful and Eythe signed a long-term contract with the studio on 20 June 1942.

20th Century Fox
Eythe was given a screen-test, and landed a role in the film The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), which co-starred Henry Fonda and Dana Andrews. He played the pacifist son of Frank Conroy.

In 1943, he starred opposite Jennifer Jones in the Academy Award-winning film The Song of Bernadette, playing a man who is romantically interested in Bernadette (Jones).

Eythe was promoted to leading roles with The Eve of St. Mark (1944), opposite Anne Baxter, from a play by Maxwell Anderson. He played the juvenile lead in Wilson (1944), Fox's prestige picture of the year; it was a box office disappointment but Eythe's casting in the movie indicated the regard with which he was held at the studio.

Eythe was one of the three leads in a war film, Wing and a Prayer (1944), directed by Henry Hathaway, alongside Don Ameche and Dana Andrews. Eythe replaced Randolph Scott. He was to have appeared in Sunday Dinner for a Soldier but ended up being replaced by John Hodiak.

He was reunited with Baxter on A Royal Scandal (1945), directed by Otto Preminger (taking over from Ernst Lubitsch) and starring Tallulah Bankhead and Charles Coburn.

Eythe was then given the lead role in The House on 92nd Street (1945) playing double-agent Bill Dietrich (based on William G. Sebold). This was a semi-documentary directed by Henry Hathaway and was a big hit. He was announced for Doll Face with Vivian Blaine and a musical remake of The Bowery but neither were made.

Eythe was the romantic male lead in Colonel Effingham's Raid (1946), starring Coburn. He was billed fourth in Centennial Summer (1946), a musical directed by Preminger featuring Jeanne Crain, Cornel Wilde and Linda Darnell.

In 1946, he was one of eight Hollywood actors to give a performance in front of King George VI of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Elizabeth.

Eythe went to England where he starred in Meet Me at Dawn (1947), a swashbuckler produced by Marcel Hellman and released through Fox.

Fox then released him from his contract.

Pine-Thomas
He returned to Hollywood where he starred in Mr. Reckless (1948), a drama for Pine-Thomas, a low budget unit associated with Paramount. Pine-Thomas used him again for Special Agent (1949).

Eythe directed and appeared in a stage production of The Glass Menagerie.

Return to Broadway
Eythe returned to New York. He turned producer, buying the rights to the revue Lend an Ear and much revising it. It debuted in New York in 1948, the cast including Eythe and a young Carol Channing. It ran for 460 performances until 1950.

During the show run he began appearing in TV in episodes of The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse ("Dinner at Antoine's", "This Time, Next Year", an adaptation of "The Little Sister", "The Promise"). He announced he had bought the rights to the novel The Perfect Round by Henry Morton Robinson and wanted to turn it into a play. In November 1949 Eythe left the cast of Lend an Ear, replaced by John Beal. He returned to films with the lead role in a B film at Columbia, Customs Agent (1950).  In 1950 he appeared in the musical The Liar, directed by Alfred Drake, which only had a short run.  Eythe also appeared in a starring (though non-singing) role in the 1950 Cole Porter musical Out of this World, based on the Greek myth of Amphitryon, in which Jupiter (George Gaynes) comes to earth to bed a lovely young lady, taking the shape of her much-loved husband (Eythe). The song "From This Moment On", which went on to become a standard, was originally written for the couple.

Television
Eythe then focused on television. He was in episodes of Faith Baldwin Romance Theatre ("Follow Fat Flora"), Studio One in Hollywood ("Summer Had Better Be Good"), Armstrong Circle Theatre ("Fog Station"), Lux Video Theatre ("Dames are Poison"), Tales of Tomorrow ("The Invader", with Eva Gabor), Lights Out ("Sisters of Shadow", "Perchance to Dream"), Schlitz Playhouse ("The Haunted House"), and Hollywood Opening Night ("The Singing Years"). His last screen appearance was in The Ford Television Theatre ("Indirect Approach").  In 1953 he was in a stage production of Garson Kanin's The Live Wire.

Later career
Eythe became a professional photographer. He and his partner Lon McCallister toured the world producing films for the Hilton Hotel chain.

Personal life

Eythe was romantically linked with Anne Baxter, June Haver, Margaret Whiting and a male movie actor named Lon McCallister.

Eythe married a young 20th Century Fox contract actress, Buff Cobb, in June 1947.  The marriage was short-lived and was not a happy one, and the couple divorced in 1949. Cobb later sued Eythe for $2,500 that he owed according to their divorce settlement. The unpaid debt resulted in Eythe's being arrested. "I suppose I do owe the money", he said. "I'm a bum book-keeper and a bum businessman".

Eythe lived with Lon McCallister from the early 1950s until his death. Carol Channing described McCallister as Eythe's "dearest friend".

Death
Eythe was admitted to Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles in January 1957 suffering from hepatitis. He died several weeks later at the age of 38.

Partial filmography

 The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) – Gerald Tetley
 The Song of Bernadette (1943) – Antoine Nicolau
 The Eve of St. Mark (1944) – Pvt. Quizz West
 Wilson (1944) – George Felton
 Wing and a Prayer (1944) – Ens. Hallam 'Oscar' Scott
 A Royal Scandal (1945) – Lt. Alexei Chernoff
 The House on 92nd Street (1945) – Bill Dietrich
 Colonel Effingham's Raid (1946) – Albert 'Al' Marbury
 Centennial Summer (1946) – Ben Phelps
 Meet Me at Dawn (1947) – Charles Morton
 Mr. Reckless (1948) – Jeff Lundy
 Special Agent (1949) – Johnny Douglas
 Customs Agent (1950) – Bert Stewart

References

External links

1918 births
1957 deaths
American male film actors
American male television actors
American theatre managers and producers
American male stage actors
American male radio actors
Deaths from hepatitis
Infectious disease deaths in California
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
American gay actors
People from Butler County, Pennsylvania
Male actors from Pittsburgh
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
20th Century Studios contract players
20th-century American male actors

William Eythe


The Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania is a diocese of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA). Its territory includes parishes, monasteries, and missions located in two states in the United States – Delaware and Pennsylvania. The diocesan chancery is located in South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania.

Bishops
 Adam (Filippovskiy) (1935-1944)
 Nikon (de Greve) (September 19, 1947 - May 7, 1952)
 Demetrius (Magan) (c. 1953-1964)
 Cyprian (Borisevich) (1964 - 14 December 1980)
 Herman (Swaiko) (March 17, 1981 - July 22, 2002)
 Tikhon (Mollard) (February 14, 2004 - November 13, 2012)
 Melchisedek (Pleska) (13 November 2012 - 18 March 2014) locum tenens
 Mark (Maymon) (since March 18, 2014)

Deaneries
The diocese is grouped geographically into three deaneries, each consisting of a number of parishes. Each deanery is headed by a parish priest, known as a dean. The deans coordinate activities in their area's parishes, and report to the diocesan bishop.  The current deaneries of the Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania are:

 Frackville Deanery – Pennsylvania
 Philadelphia Deanery – Delaware and Pennsylvania
 Wilkes-Barre Deanery – Pennsylvania

Diocesan Departments
The diocese has several active departments, including
 the Missions department
 the Office of Church School Education and Curriculum
 the Office of Young Adult Activities
 the Liturgical Life Committee, and the Office of Vocations.

A Diocesan Revitalization committee has also been created for the purpose of revitalizing all parishes within the diocese, to foster spiritual growth and address the various challenges facing the Diocese today.

External links
 Official site
 Official Diocesan Youth Department site
 Official Diocesan Summer Camp site

References

Eastern Pennsylvania
Christianity in Delaware
Eastern Orthodoxy in Pennsylvania

Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania


Georges d'Amboise (1488–1550) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

Biography
A member of the House of Amboise, Georges d'Amboise was born in the Kingdom of France in 1488, one of the sixteen children of Jean d'Amboise, signeur of Bussy, and Catherine de Saint-Belin. He was the nephew of Cardinal Georges d'Amboise. Following Georges' mother's death, Jean d'Amboise became Bishop of Maillezais and Bishop of Langres.

He was educated by preceptors Philippe Decium and Jean de Silva. Early in his ecclesiastical career, he became canon and archdeacon of the cathedral chapter of Rouen Cathedral; he later served as the chapter's treasurer and archdeacon.

On 8 August 1511 he was elected Archbishop of Rouen. He was consecrated as a bishop in December 1513, and he received the pallium on 9 March 1514. He served as the king's almoner, and later prime minister under Louis XII of France.

Pope Paul III made him a cardinal priest in the consistory of 16 December 1545. He was too ill to travel to Rome to receive the red hat, so it was sent to him on 15 March 1546; he received the titular church of Santa Susanna on 7 September 1546.

He participated in the papal conclave of 1549–50 that elected Pope Julius III. On 28 February 1550 he opted for the titular church of Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano. Before his death, he briefly served as governor of Neustria.

He died at the Château de Vigny, near Paris, on 25 August 1550. He was buried in Rouen Cathedral.

See also
Catholic Church in France

References

1488 births
1550 deaths
16th-century French cardinals

Georges II d'Amboise


Patrick Hughes (March 26, 1831 – March 24, 1899) was an Irish-born merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Niagara in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1879 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Newry, County Down, the son of Bernard Hughes and Anne Fegan, and came to Toronto with his family in 1847. Hughes entered the dry goods business with his brother Bernard under the combined name of Hughes Brothers. He was married twice: to Mary Eliza Donohoe in 1857 and to Margaret Louise Sheridan in 1876. Hughes served as a member of Toronto city council in 1877 and 1878. He was elected to the House of Commons in the 1878 federal election for the riding of Niagara, defeating the incumbent Josiah Burr Plumb; his election was overturned on appeal the following year and he lost the subsequent by-election to Plumb. He was a director of the Imperial Bank in Toronto, the Bristol and West of England Loan and Investment Company and the Toronto Savings Bank.

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion and annual register, 1879 CH Mackintosh

1831 births
1899 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs

Patrick Hughes (politician)


Fruktime - a series of the carbonated soft drinks which are on sale in Russia and Ukraine, distribututed by The Coca-Cola Company. It is made in various flavouring variants: Buratino (caramel), Tarhun (tarragon), Hand bell (Bellflower), Lemonade, Pear, Strawberry, Apple, Cream soda, Kvass, and Baikal (Natural).

It is issued in bottles PET in capacity 0.5, 1 and 2 liters.

External links
 A page about Fruktime on russian site of The Coca-Cola Company

Russian drinks
Coca-Cola brands

Fruktime


The Simte are one of the Zo People in Northeast India.  They are mainly concentrated in the southern parts of the state of Manipur. Most of the Simte are descendants of Ngaihte. Sim means South in their dialect. Simte people mainly settled in Thanlon Sub-Division, Lamka town in Churachandpur, Manipur, Motbung, Leimakhong and parts of Nagaland areas.  A significant number also are settled in neighbouring areas of Mizoram and Assam. There are also Simte in Chin State in Myanmar.

See also
 List of Scheduled Tribes in India

References

Kuki tribes
Scheduled Tribes of Manipur

Simte people


Charles Cyrus Kearns (February 11, 1869 – December 17, 1931) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio from 1915 to 1931.

Biography
Charles C. Kearns was born in Tonica, Illinois.  He moved with his parents to Georgetown, Ohio, in 1874.  He attended the public schools in Georgetown, Ohio, Ohio Northern University at Ada, and National Normal University in Lebanon, Ohio.  He taught school in Brown County, Ohio.  He graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1894, and was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Batavia, Ohio.  He was the managing editor of the Las Vegas Daily Record in Las Vegas, New Mexico, in 1900 and 1901 and of the Daily Record in Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1901 and 1902.  He returned to Ohio in 1903 and practiced law in Batavia.  He was the prosecuting attorney of Clermont County, Ohio, from 1906 to 1909.

Congress
Kearns was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fourth and to the seven succeeding Congresses.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1930 to the Seventy-second Congress.

Later career and death
He was engaged in the practice of law at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1930, and died in Amelia, Ohio.  Interment in Mount Moriah Cemetery in Tobasco, Ohio.

Sources

The Political Graveyard

1869 births
1931 deaths
People from Tonica, Illinois
Ohio Northern University alumni
University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni
People from Georgetown, Ohio
People from Batavia, Ohio
National Normal University alumni
County district attorneys in Ohio
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio

Charles Cyrus Kearns


Szladits' Bibliography on Foreign and Comparative Law is a bibliography of law. It was first compiled and edited by Charles Szladits and then edited by Vratislav Pechota. About one fifth of its entries are annotated. Pagel said it "can be helpful". Re called it "indispensable". Winterton said that it is "comprehensive" and "outstanding". Hoffman and Rumsey described it as "useful".

References

Legal bibliographies


Lugius was a co-leader of the Cimbri tribe during the Cimbrian War, in which the Cimbri won a spectacular victory against the Romans at the Battle of Arausio in 105 BC. He was later defeated and slain along with Boiorix at the Battle of Vercellae in 101 BC. The other Cimbrian chiefs Claodicus and Caesorix were captured.

References

101 BC deaths
2nd-century BC Germanic people
Cimbrian people
Early Germanic warriors
Military personnel killed in action
People of the Cimbrian War
Pre-Roman Iron Age
Year of birth unknown

Lugius


The Barrett Optical Ranging System (BORS) is an integrated ballistics computer manufactured by Barrett Firearms that aids snipers and long-range marksmen in taking precise and accurate shots. The system mounts directly to the riflescope and couples with the elevation knob. With the aid of the BORS, marksmen can rapidly account for temperature, barometric pressure and aiming at an upward or downward angle.

Design and features

The computer built into the BORS, constantly updates to account for changing factors. Barrett states that the BORS "instantly takes care of the data work so the shooter can focus on the task of putting lead on target." It takes data from thousands of tables and accounts for a number of real-time external factors automatically giving the shooter the exact yardage at which a bullet will hit its target.

Since the BORS is mounted directly to the scope and coupled with the elevation knobs, the computer can interact with the scope by simply turning the elevation knob until the LCD displays the target's range.

The kit includes the proprietary Barrett Ballistic Software that is pre-programmed with a library selected by Barrett. It also includes a cable that allows users to program custom loads on their computer and transfer them directly to the BORS.

Use
While designed to withstand military operations, the BORS is also available for civilian sale and can be used by long-range marksmen including target shooters and hunters. The BORS was used by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a unit fitted onto a Barrett M107A1 rifle was captured by Russian forces.

References

External links
 Official Website
 BORS User Manual

Barrett firearms

Barrett Optical Ranging System


Wendell Jeremy Ashton (October 13, 1912 – August 31, 1995) was publisher of the Deseret News and director of the Public Communications Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  He was the elder brother of church apostle Marvin J. Ashton.

Biography
Ashton was a graduate of LDS High School in Salt Lake City, Utah.  He then attended the University of Utah where he earned a degree in business.

Ashton served an LDS mission in the British Isles. He was a mission companion of future church president Gordon B. Hinckley. During his mission service, Ashton was editor of the Millennial Star, the church newspaper in England. Prior to his mission, Ashton worked as a reporter for the Salt Lake Telegram for three years.

Returning to the newspaper business in Utah, Ashton was the managing editor of the Deseret News from 1947 to 1948.  He then joined Gilham Advertising, Inc. in 1950 and remained there until becoming the LDS Church's director of Public Affairs in 1972.  In this capacity, Ashton dealt with the issue of the Howard Hughes "Mormon Will".  Ashton was the publisher of the Deseret News from 1978 to 1985.

In the LDS Church, Ashton served as a member of the Sunday School General Board starting in the 1930s. He later served as president of the East Mill Creek Stake (where Hinckley had also been stake president).  He was one of the original regional representatives called in 1967.  Ashton also served as General Secretary of the Sunday School.  As a result of this position he served as associate editor of The Instructor, the magazine of the Sunday School until the LDS Church magazines were reconfigured in 1971.

From 1985 to 1988 Ashton served as president of the church's England London Mission.  At the time of his death, Ashton was a sealer in the Salt Lake Temple.

Ashton and his first wife, Marian Reynolds, had six children.  After she died, he married Belva Barlow in 1964.  Wendell and Belva had one daughter.  Belva had previously worked as a secretary to Henry Eyring, when he was director of graduate studies at the University of Utah.  She served as a member of the church's Relief Society general board for 16 years during their marriage, and oversaw the building of the Monument to Women Memorial Garden in Nauvoo, Illinois.

Ashton was the National President of the Sons of Utah Pioneers in 1947 and was the main organizer of the 1947 commemoration of the Nauvoo to Salt Lake City journey of the pioneers 100 years before.

Ashton served as head of the Salt Lake Area Chamber of Commerce and was a key backer of the Utah Symphony.  He was also involved in the relocation of the Utah Jazz to Utah from their previous home in New Orleans.

Ashton also wrote several books, one along with Ab Jenkins.  He also wrote a biography of Aurelia Spencer Rogers.  His Voice in the West Biography of a Pioneer Newspaper (New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1950) has been cited in such places as the Utah History Encyclopedia as an excellent source on the early history of the Deseret News.

There is currently a Wendell J. Ashton endowed professorship in communications at Brigham Young University.

Notes

References
bio from the England London Mission site
Deseret News, Sep. 2, 1995
Oct. 29, 1995 Deseret News tribute article for Ashton
"Church, civic leader remembered as a man of boundless dreams", Church News, September 9, 1995]

1912 births
1995 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Latter Day Saint writers
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
American Mormon missionaries in England
Deseret News people
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City
University of Utah alumni
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American businesspeople
Latter Day Saints from Utah

Wendell J. Ashton


Damon Grant is a fictional character in the defunct British soap opera Brookside, played by Simon O'Brien. The character was part of the initial cast, appearing from episode one in 1982 until 1987.  At the time of the soap's inception, Damon was the youngest son of Bobby and Sheila Grant, with an older brother, Barry, and older sister, Karen.

Introduction
Damon was introduced after having broken into the Collins' house in the first episode on 2 November 1982, aged 14.  When questioned by Paul Collins about the theft of a lavatory and vandalism that had occurred, Bobby lashes out at Damon.  Barry defends Damon after the occurrence, pointing out that he did not have the tools to remove the lavatory in the way it had been done and that the graffiti could not have been Damon either as "he only spells 'bollocks' with one 'l'".

Social commentary
The Brookside soap opera was regarded as tackling social issues, and this was no less true when dealing with the Grant family, and Damon.  One of the first of the show's many teenage characters to capture the viewing public's imagination, the role saw O'Brien catapulted to fame as a teen heart throb, and his adoption of the "mullet" hairstyle proved to be in keeping with the fashion of the times, and saw the character further entrenched as a cultural reference point.

Storylines saw Grant presented initially as a cheeky, lovable character, with a close group of friends.  The manner of Grant's characterisation, both by the writers, directors and by O'Brien, led Jane Root, writing in Open the Box: About Television, to cite the character as evidence of "complex male characters and masculine storylines". Root saw this focus as different from established soap operas.

As the character grew older and left school, the writers used storylines to comment on life in Thatcher's Britain.  Unemployment was a serious social issue, especially in a dock city such as Liverpool, and O'Brien's character struggled to find work.  Eventually he took a position as a painter and decorator through the recently introduced YTS scheme, the writers depicting the excitement and later despair when Grant's participation failed to lead to a full-time job to great effect.

Damon and Debbie
The character was then shown to develop a relationship with Debbie McGrath, played by Gillian Kearney.  McGrath was an underage school girl, and the relationship caught the heart of viewers. When O'Brien decided to leave the show, the producers of Brookside decided to spin this plotline into a separate show, Damon and Debbie, broadcast in a later timeslot than that in which Brookside was shown.

This three part series, credited as the first 'soap bubble'. moves the character out from Liverpool in search of work.  In the first episode the couple squat on a boat on the River Ouse in York, in the second episode they move to Morecambe and then Bradford, where Damon gets a job as a groundsman at Valley Parade (the stadium of Bradford City football club) before they finally return to York in the third episode.  Ultimately, the character is stabbed by Crosby actor Jonathan Comer, and dies at the end of the series at O'Brien's request, a move which sparked upset and outrage amongst fans of the show, and added to both Brookside's fame and notoriety.

Legacy
Within the Brookside show the character's death was used as a catalyst for again exploring a number of issues, including the grief of the character's mother, played by Sue Johnston, and that of the character's father, Bobby Grant, played by Ricky Tomlinson, who was shown as blaming the death upon his unemployment. Ultimately, Damon's death led to the splintering of the Grant family within Brookside.

The character's funeral was watched by 7 million viewers, against Channel 4's record rating of 8.4 million set in 2005, and in The Daily Mirror, critic Clare Raymond claimed it to be one of the "most touching soap scenes". In 2001, Jim Shelley, writing for The Observer, claimed the character's death to be one of two contenders for the moment where it all went wrong for Brookside, while in 2002, with the announcement that Brookside was to end, the funeral scene was listed as the fourth greatest episode in the soap's history by The Daily Mirror. In 2003, producer Phil Redmond discussed plans to continue the show through a series of DVD's, with one planned storyline involving '"Brookside's greatest untold story" -what would happen if Barry caught up with Damon's killers.'

References

Brookside characters
Television characters introduced in 1982
Teenage characters in television
British male characters in television
Fictional people from Liverpool
Fictional murdered people

Damon Grant


From Vegas to Macau (), also known as The Man From Macau (), is a Hong Kong-Chinese crime comedy film directed by Wong Jing. The film stars Chow Yun-fat, Nicholas Tse, Chapman To and Jing Tian. The film was released during 2014 Chinese New Year.

A sequel titled From Vegas to Macau II was released on February 19, 2015.

Plot
Benz, his son "Cool" and nephew Ngau-Ngau are part of a team of vigilantes who rob gangsters at night and distribute the loot to the needy. However, his wife is suffering from cancer and knows nothing of their activities. Unbeknownst to all of them, Benz's stepson Lionel, a police officer, is on a deep undercover assignment as an employee of a multinational company called DOA. It is later revealed that DOA is merely the corporate front of a large criminal syndicate and is run by the ruthless Mr. Ko. Lionel, who had a camera implanted onto a contact lens which he wore so the police could track the syndicate's activities and eventually nab them.

Meanwhile, Benz reunites with his old friend Ken, known as the "Magic Hand". Ngau-Ngau becomes infatuated with Ken's daughter Rainbow and is determined to win her affection, even though Ken eventually makes it known that he prefers "Cool" to date his daughter and Rainbow repeatedly rebuffs Ngau-Ngau's efforts. Lionel realizes his cover has been blown and hides the contact lens in a stuffed teddy bear at home without his family's knowledge. Ngau-Ngau gives the bear to Rainbow when he and "Cool" visit Ken's house. Mr. Ko sends an assassin to Lionel's flat, only to find Benz, who has just returned home. Benz is beaten and tortured and ends up in a coma while Lionel's body is found later, also bearing torture marks.

Police detectives from China, Hong Kong and Macau decide to enlist the help of Ken to take down the wily and cunning Mr. Ko. Ken challenges Mr. Ko to a gambling match in hopes of provoking him into making a mistake. During the match he discovers that DOA's assassins have attacked his house and Rainbow, "Cool" and Ngau-Ngau are inside.

Rainbow is put inside a glass tank, which has gas in it. During the match, Ken reveals that he had undergone through a surgery to implant a card sensor into his fingernail which allows the details of a certain card to be fed into his brain. The people following Mr. Ko start a revolution against him after watching Lionel Messi of Barcelona score against Real Madrid, winning them. After killing them all, Mr. Ko tries finding Ken. Ken starts shooting cards in retaliation. "Cool", is revealed to be wearing the mask of one of Mr. Ko's crew, whom had secretly diverted the ship back towards the waters, which police are now making their way to. While making their way towards the top, "Cool" and Rainbow meets the Assassin. "Cool" and the Assassin fight, which "Cool" ends him off with a few punches to his face, making him look like a duck.

Mr. Ko starts to escape, only to be met by Ken. Ken now mercilessly shoots cards at Mr. Ko, striking him multiple times. Mr. Ko is later subdued by him, and arrested by the Police.

While Ken is doing the disciple rituals with "Cool" on the first day of the Lunar New Year at his place, "Cool" receives a call from a mysterious someone, who also shows interest to take Cool as his disciple. Ken questions Cool who is more qualified to impart his skills to him. At this moment, the doors swing open. A man in his black suit, playing with his jade ring walks into the scene. "I believe I am qualified to take him as my disciple." This man was no other than God of Gamblers Ko Chun (from the God of Gamblers series) himself.

Cast
Chow Yun-fat as Ken 石一坚 / "God of Gamblers Ko Chun" 赌神高进
Nicholas Tse as Cool 晒冷 "冷竟"
Chapman To as Ngau-Ngau 牛必勝 "牛牛"
Jing Tian as Detective Luo Xin
Kimmy Tong as Rainbow 阿彩
Philip Ng as Lionel
Gao Hu as Mr. Ko
Annie Wu as Susan
Benz Hui as Benz
Zhang Jin as DOA's bodyguard/assassin
Michael Wong as Detective
Sammy Sum as Ken's enforcer
Tony Ho as Mr. Ko's enforcer
Maria Cordero as Siu Wan
Wong Man-wai as Benz's wife
Philip Keung as Ma Sheung-fat
Winnie Leung as Mr. Ko's female enforcer
Candy Yuen as Mr. Ko's female enforcer
May Chan as Ken's cousin
Wong Chun-tong as Brother Man
Yu Chi-ming as Uncle Wah
Natalie Meng as Ngau-Ngau's fake wife
Michelle Hu as Mr. Ko's female enforcer
Philippe Joly as Mr. Ko's American delegate
Roberto Losada as undercover Macau Police

Production
The film's blessing ceremony press conference was held on 28 July 2013 at TVB City where it was attended by the cast alongside Mega-Vision Pictures representatives director Wong Jing and producer Andrew Lau, Television Broadcasts Limited production manager Virginia Lok, Polybona Films CEO Yu Dong, Golden Pictures Entertainment representative Yun Chi Yuen and Sun Entertainment Culture representative Paco Wong. Production started immediately after. The film's premise will be set in Macau.

Box office
The film grossed RMB24.8 million (US$4.09 million) in its opening day in China, with a total opening gross of US$12.5 million. It had grossed a total of RMB523,490,000 (US$84,570,000) in China at the end of its run. In Hong Kong, it has grossed a total of  HK$33,557,657 (US$4,324,184). It earned a total of  internationally.

Sequel

The sequel From Vegas to Macau II was released in 2015 with Chow Yun-fat and Kimmy Tong reprising their roles as Ken and Rainbow. Nick Cheung replaced Nicholas Tse as Chow's new protégé and Carina Lau also joined the cast.

References

External links

2014 films
2010s crime comedy films
2010s Cantonese-language films
Chinese crime comedy films
Films directed by Wong Jing
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Macau
Films about gambling
Hong Kong action comedy films
Hong Kong crime comedy films
Polybona Films films
2014 comedy films
2010s Mandarin-language films
2010s Hong Kong films

From Vegas to Macau


The Sands of Mars is a science fiction novel written by Arthur C. Clarke. It was first published in 1951 and has been reprinted many times.

Plot
Martin Gibson is a famous science fiction author. He has written stories about the planet Mars, but has not actually been there. He travels with the crew of a spaceship to visit Mars.

On Mars, Gibson meets the people who manage the human settlement on Mars. They are working hard to make the colony as self-sufficient as possible (so that they don't have to import supplies from Earth)

Gibson joins a party of men exploring the surface of Mars. They discover a small group of kangaroo-like creatures, which had not been seen before. They are vegetarians, living on native plants.

Researchers try to cultivate these plants to increase the oxygen content of the Martian atmosphere, so that in a few hundred years, people can live without spacesuits.

Gibson discovers that Jimmy Spencer, one of the crew of the spaceship, is his son. Spencer has fallen in love with Irene Hadfield, who lives on Mars.

Gibson decides to stay on Mars, fascinated with the importance of the planet as a self-sufficient world.

Science fiction books

The Sands of Mars


Dr. Arminsyah (3 May 1960 – 4 April 2020) was an Indonesian lawyer and politician. He was born in Padang, Indonesia. From 2017 until his death, he was Vice Attorney General. For a short time in October 2019, he was Acting Attorney General.

Arminsyah was killed in a car crash in Jakarta on 4 April 2020, aged 59.

References

1960 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths
Indonesian politicians
Lawyers

Arminsyah


Jeremy Summers (18 August 1931 – 14 December 2016) was a British television director and film director, known for directing television series such as The Saint and films such as Five Golden Dragons, The House of 1,000 Dolls, and The Vengeance of Fu Manchu.

Background
Born in St Albans in 1931, Summers was born into a family of theatrical tradition and his father Walter Summers (1896-1973) was a film director and screenwriter.

He directed nearly 50 different TV programmes between 1960 and 1999, including The Saint and Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased).

Career
In his early career, Summers worked as a runner and then later assistant director on films such as The Dam Busters (1955) with Michael Anderson and Moby Dick (1956) with John Huston.

Summers became a director with the support film Depth Charge (1960), the screenplay of which he also co-wrote, but he immediately turned his attention to television and  directed episodes of Desert Hi-Jack, Interpol Calling and four episodes of International Detective between 1960 and 1961.

A sequence of feature films followed, the Tony Hancock feature film vehicle The Punch and Judy Man, Crooks in Cloisters (1964) with Ronald Fraser and Barbara Windsor, Dateline Diamonds (1965) starring William Lucas and Kenneth Cope  as well as the Gerry and the Pacemakers feature film Ferry Cross the Mersey (1965). Meanwhile, he continued in television with Man of the World and, in 1965, episodes of Court Martial, Gideon's Way and the film San Ferry Ann.

In 1966, Summers directed episodes of Danger Man; he also directed some 12 episodes of The Saint from 1964 to 1966. Episodes of The Saint that Summers filmed include "The Lawless Lady", "The Death Penalty" and "The Unkind Philanthropist" (1964), "The Abducters" (1965) and "The Man Who Liked Lions" (1966).

This was followed in 1967 by The Baron and several foreign films of that year The Vengeance of Fu Manchu, Five Golden Dragons and The House of 1,000 Dolls for Harry Alan Towers. He also directed an episode of Man in a Suitcase in 1968.

In 1969, still under contract with ITC, Summers directed a number of episodes of the popular series Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), working with actors Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. In the 1970s, Summers directed two episodes of UFO and several of The Protectors, both being Gerry Anderson series. Other directing credits include Jason King (1971–72), Boy Dominic (1974), and Return of the Saint (1978, this version with Ian Ogilvy cast as Simon Templar). He also directed films for the Children's Film Foundation, including Sammy's Super T-shirt.

During the 1980s, he directed multiple episodes of dramas for the BBC and independent television, including Tenko (1982–84), Strangers and Brothers, Big Deal (1985–86), All Creatures Great and Small (1988), Howard's Way (1989–90), and Hannay''' (1988, with Robert Powell appearing as Richard Hannay).

In the 1990s he directed many episodes of the television soap operas Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Brookside (including the film spin offs The Lost Weekend, Friday the 13th and Double Take!) before his retirement in 2001.  While on Brookside, he also directed the Liverpool FC feature The Last night of the Kop'' commemorating the final time the football stand was used before Anfield became an all-seater stadium.

References

External links

1931 births
2016 deaths
British television directors
English television directors
People from St Albans
English film directors

Jeremy Summers


"Meitei temples" or "Manipuri temples" (, ) are the structures built to house deities within sanctuaries in Sanamahism, the ancient Meitei religion. They are designed to bring humans and gods together, using symbolism to express the ideas and beliefs of Sanamahism.

Remarkable Examples

Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple

The "Temple of Hiyangthang Lairembi" is an old temple, dedicated to Goddess Hiyangthang Lairembi, who is a form of Irai Leima, the water goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. In Medieval Manipur, during the reign of Emperor Garib Niwaj Pamheiba, the temple structure was re-modified from its former architecture. Besides, it was also re-affiliated with Hinduism, other than its own Sanamahism (Meitei religion), by the installation of idol of Hindu goddess Durga, besides that of Irai Leima.

Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang

Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang, the ancient temple dedicated to Pakhangba, in the heart of Kangla, the old metropolis of Ancient Manipur, is a masterpiece of Meitei architecture.
However, due to damages in its structure, the building was rebuilt with a completely different architectural design and was recently consecrated in 2010.

Sanamahi Temple

The "Temple of Sanamahi", better known as "Sanamahi Temple", is one of the most antique temples in Ancient Manipur. It is built with a dedication to Lainingthou Sanamahi. However, its main structures were reconstructed during the reign of Hindu Manipuri King Kulachandra in Medieval Manipur in 1891 AD.

References

Temples

Meitei temples


William of York (late 11th century – 8 June 1154) was an English priest and twice Archbishop of York, before and after a rival, Henry Murdac. He was thought to be related to King Stephen of England, who helped to secure his election to the province after several candidates had failed to gain papal confirmation. William faced opposition from the Cistercians, who after the election of the Cistercian Pope Eugene III, had William deposed in favour of a Cistercian, Murdac. From 1147 until 1153, William worked to be restored to York, which he achieved after the deaths of Murdac and Eugene III. He did not hold the province long, dying shortly after his return, allegedly from poison in the chalice he used to celebrate Mass. Miracles were reported at his tomb from 1177. He was canonised in 1226.

Early life
Born William fitzHerbert in York, William was the son of Herbert of Winchester, or Herbert fitzAlberic, chancellor and treasurer of King Henry I. Most sources say his mother was Emma, half-sister of King Stephen and Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,<ref name=BHOYork>Greenway "Archbishops" Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 6: York</ref> and that she was an illegitimate daughter of Stephen II, Count of Blois, Stephen's father. New research, however, suggests that Emma may have been a daughter of Hunger fitzOdin, who held lands in Dorset in the Domesday survey. William was born sometime before the 1090s, but the date is unknown.

William held the prebendary of Weighton in the diocese of Yorkshire between 27 June 1109 and 24 February 1114. Sometime between 1109 and 1114 he was appointed Treasurer of York. He was also appointed archdeacon of the East Riding of Yorkshire at an unknown date between 1125 and 1133. The influence of his rich and powerful father, who had many landholdings in Yorkshire, may have been of benefit in gaining him these offices at a relatively early age. William apparently held both of these offices until his election as Archbishop. Serving under Archbishop Thurstan of York, William became involved in Thurstan's dispute with King Henry I after Henry demanded that the Archbishops of York accept subordination to the Archbishops of Canterbury. William accompanied Thurstan into exile in Europe and on embassies to the papal court. Reconciliation with Henry allowed a return to York in 1121. A papal ruling in favour of the independence of the Archbishops of York was finally delivered in 1127.

Election problems
In January 1141 William was elected Archbishop of York. Originally, the cathedral chapter of York had elected Waltheof in 1140, but that election was set aside, as one of Waltheof's supporters had made an uncanonical gift (bribe) to secure Waltheof's election. Then Henry of Blois tried to secure the see for Henry de Sully, another nephew of Stephen and Henry's. Sully's election was opposed by Pope Innocent II, who refused to confirm him as Archbishop while he remained Abbot of Fécamp. Only at a third election in January 1141 was William chosen. Whether he had been a candidate in the previous two elections is unknown.

The election was opposed by the Cistercian monasteries of Yorkshire and by the archdeacons of York. The Cistercians opposed on the grounds that the Second Lateran Council in 1139 had given the religious houses of a diocese the right to participate in electing the bishop. Theobald of Bec, the Archbishop of Canterbury, refused to recognise William's election due to allegations of simony (acquisition of church positions by bribery), and of interference by King Stephen. In 1143, Pope Innocent II ruled that William could be confirmed in office if he swore under oath that the allegations were false. After he swore the oath, Henry of Blois, who was also papal legate, found William innocent, and he was consecrated as archbishop on 26 September 1143.

First archiepiscopate and deposition

As Archbishop, William undertook several ecclesiastical reforms and became popular with the people of York. However, he still needed a pallium, the sign of an archbishop's authority from the Pope, which he had not yet received. The Cistercians, who were still adamantly opposed to his being Archbishop, were determined to prevent his receiving it. William travelled to Rome in an attempt to obtain the pallium. The election of Pope Eugene III, a Cistercian, in 1145, was a setback for his cause. Bernard of Clairvaux, the famous Cistercian abbot and religious leader, exerted all his influence to ensure William's suspension, sending a series of complaints to the new Pope that William had been intruded by secular powers into the see, that he was oppressing the Cistercian monasteries and that he had irregularly appointed William of St. Barbara as Dean of York. In the winter of 1145–1146 Eugene re-examined the case, declared that William had not been validly consecrated and suspended him from office. William was required to obtain an in-person refutation of the old charges by William of St Barbara, by then the Bishop of Durham.

While awaiting the final decision in his case, William took up residence with one of his friends, Roger II, King of Sicily. Hearing of his suspension, some of William's supporters in York launched a damaging attack on Fountains Abbey, which destroyed many of the buildings. William was formally deposed by Eugene in early 1147 and the deposition was confirmed at the Council of Reims on 21 March 1148. Another election to York was held, and the candidates included Hilary of Chichester, who was the king's candidate, and Henry Murdac, the Cistercian abbot of Fountains Abbey. Murdac's supporters included the Cistercians and most of the clergy of the diocese, including William's former ally, William of St Barbara. Both sides appealed to the Pope, and the Pope confirmed Murdac as the successful candidate. William then returned to Winchester, the city he had left 40 years earlier to begin his career in York.

Second archiepiscopate
King Stephen refused to accept William's deposition and the appointment of Murdac, and prevented Murdac from taking up residence in York. Stephen probably wished to trade recognition of Murdac for support for his son Eustace, whose coronation as his successor he was trying to secure during his own lifetime, to defeat rival claims to the throne by Henry of Anjou. Within a few years both Murdac and the Pope had died and William travelled to Rome to plead with the new Anastasius IV for restoration to office. The Pope concurred and William's reappointment was confirmed on 20 December 1153.Barlow English Church 1066–1154 p. 102 On his return to York, while crossing the Ouse Bridge in York in triumphal procession, the bridge collapsed, but no one was killed.

Death and sainthood

After less than a month back in York, William died on 8 June 1154, allegedly due to poison administered in the chalice at Mass. One of William's clerks accused Osbert de Bayeux, an archdeacon of York, of the murder, and Osbert was summoned before the king to be tried at the royal court. Stephen died before the trial could take place. William was buried in York Minster and within a few months of his death, miracles were attributed to his intervention and a sweet smell came from his tomb when it was damaged during a fire. Nor was the body decayed or burnt. Pope Honorius III then ordered an investigation into the miracles and canonized him in Rome in 1226.

William's feast day is marked on 8 June, the day of his death. Although his veneration was largely localised in York, among his devotees was Margery Kempe (1373–1438) of King's Lynn in Norfolk, who "cried copiously" before his tomb. Traditional iconography and windows often depict William's crossing of the Tweed; some iconography shows him crossing in a boat. William's coat of arms is blazoned: Or, seven mascles Gules, 3, 3 and 1''. This actual shield at one time hung on the west wall of St Wilfrid's Church, Bognor Regis.

An extant church in Sheffield (in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam) was dedicated to St William in 1932.

St William's College

St William's College, which was named for him is next to York Minster. It was established between 1465 and 1467 with the permission of King Edward IV as the home for chantry priests of the Cathedral.

St William's Chapel
A chapel to St William was built in York in the later 12th century. It was placed on the northern edge of the Ouse Bridge to mark a miracle associated with the collapse of the bridge when William returned to York in 1154. It remained as a functional chapel until 1550. The chapel was removed during the renovation of the bridge between 1810 and 1818.

Shrines
The earliest shine to St William in York Minster dates to the c. 1220s in which William's sarcophagus was buried  into the floor and a shrine structure erected above it - this left the lid of the sarcophagus proud of the structure to be accessible to pilgrims. In 1284 Bishop Bek paid for the translation of Williams body to a new shrine in the choir behind the high altar; no trace of the shrine has been recorded. There is evidence of two larger shrines in York Minster – one at his tomb site and the other a separate, principal, shrine.

The tomb shrine was built in c. AD 1330 on the site of William's original burial place in the eastern-most bay of the nave; it comprised a large stone or marble slab five or six feet in height supported by a series of decorative arches (four on the longer sides, two on the shorter) with an upper stage of decoration rising above it. The whole structure stood at least  in height. It was decorated with small statues in niches throughout and each of the four corner spandrels depicts imagery associated with the Four Evangelists.

The latest, principal shrine, located near the Minster's High Altar was built in 1471-1472 and probably designed by Robert Spillesby, the master mason of the Minster from 1466-1473. This later shrine was in the Perpendicular Gothic style made from a darker marble than the rest of the Minster and comprised a large marble pedestal on which a reliquary of William was placed and covered by a wooden canopy.
It was ,  wide and  long.

There is no evidence of large scale pilgrimage to William's shrines. However, numerous panels from the stained glass window in the Minster depict petitioners and worshippers at the shrines. A lead ampulla found in York and depicting an archbishop on one side has been argued to represent Saint William. The upper face of William's sarcophagus has been worn smooth, probably from the hands of pilgrims touching it. In the 1890s Catholic pilgrims who were part of the Guild of Our Lady of Ransom pilgrimage through York were given permission to kiss the shrine.

On 22 September 1541 the Privy Council met in York and ordered the Archbishop to demolish all of the shrines in his province. William's shrines were taken apart and buried at Precentor's Court. In 1715 Ralph Thoresby reported that he had acquired some architectural fragments in marble which had been 'enclosed betwixt two walls and in a private House' from Precentor's Court. These were probably the first rediscoveries of fragments of St. William's shrines. Several fragments from 18th century interventions at or near this house were later discovered spread around York  including in the gardens near Clifford's Tower and used as domestic furniture. Further discoveries of shrine fragments from Precentor's Court were made in 1882-1883 and 1927-1928. Fragments of both later and earlier shrines were discovered during each excavation.

The sarcophagus containing William's remains was rediscovered in 1732 and again in 1968, at which point they were removed. His remains are now held in a shrine in the crypt at York Minster. Parts of the shrines are now in the Yorkshire Museum. This is the only example of a saint's shrine in a museum collection in England.

Notes

Citations

References

Further reading

1154 deaths
Archbishops of York
Archdeacons of the East Riding
12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
12th-century Christian saints
Yorkshire saints
Medieval English saints
English Roman Catholic saints
Burials at York Minster
Year of birth unknown

William of York


Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov (А.Г. Шаров, 1922–1973) was a Soviet palaeoentomologist, paleontologist and expert on Pterosauria. He graduated from Moscow State University. In 1951 he defended Candidate of Science dissertation on the embryology of Apterygota. Since 1951 he worked at the Paleontological Institute in Moscow, where in 1966 he defended dissertation of Doctor of Science. His major contribution to the phylogeny of Arthropods was published in 1966.
He worked during the 1960s and 1970s on the Karatau rocks and discovered many of the fossils, of which some have been named after him, as in the case of the Karatausuchus sharovi (a crocodile), and Sharovipteryx (an early gliding reptile). He also discovered and described the specimen Sordes pilosus in 1971 and Longisquama insignis.

Publications

Sharov, A. G. 1966 Unique finds of reptiles from Mesozoic of Central Asia. Byull. Mosc. Obshch. Ispyit. Prirod., Otd. Geol.

Sharov, A. G. 1970 Unusual reptile from the Lower Triassic of Fergana. Pal. Zh.

Sharov, A. G. 1971 Novyiye lyetayushchiye reptili iz myezozoya Kazakhstana i Kirgizii. New flying reptiles from the Mesozoic of Kazakhstan and Kirghizia. Trudy paleont. Inst. Moscow.  Russian text with end plates.

References

External links
Wings on Hind Legs Flying reptiles discovered by A. G. Sharov

Soviet paleontologists
1922 births
1973 deaths

Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov