The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a small to medium-sized American hunting terrier. It is lower-set, with shorter legs, and is more muscular with heavier bone density than the related American Rat Terrier. Much diversity exists in the history of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier breed, and it shares a common early history with the American Rat Terrier, Fox Paulistinha, and Tenterfield Terrier. The Rat Terrier's background is said to stem from the terriers or other dogs that were brought over by early English and other working-class immigrants. Since the breed was a farm, hunting, and utility dog, little to no planned breeding was used  other than breeding dogs with agreeable traits to each other to produce the desired work ethic in the dog. The Feist (dog), Bull Terrier, Smooth Fox Terrier, Manchester Terrier, Whippet, Italian Greyhound, the now extinct English White Terrier, Turnspit Dog, and Wry-legged Terrier all share in the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier's ancestry.  These early ratting terriers were then most likely bred to the Beagle or Beagle crossbred dogs (for increased scenting ability) and other dogs. Maximizing the influences from these various breeds provides the modern Teddy Roosevelt Terrier with a keen sense of awareness and prey drive, an acute sense of smell, and a very high intellect. Although they tend to be aloof with strangers, they are devoted companion dogs with a strong desire to please and be near their owners at all times.

The current UKC standard calls for a Teddy Roosevelt Terrier to be at least 8 and no more than 12 inches in height, with weight proportionate to height. Teddy Roosevelt Terriers weighing as much as  or as little as  are not uncommon.

Breed history
Early American history shows that the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, like the Rat Terrier, were often referred to as Feist or just plain terrier mixes - in the case of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, "bench-legged feist".

Since the breed was primarily a farm and hunting dog, crossing Rat Terriers to other breeds was common. One such early cross was with the Beagle, and  this cross possibly reinforced the bench leg, since the Bench-legged Beagle was a common hunting companion.

Separating the long-legged phenotype from the short-legged phenotype in most cases did not occur, litters born from parents of either or both phenotypes commonly displayed a variety of leg and body length, yet all were still considered and labeled merely as Rat Terriers. In the middle 1990s, efforts to segregate the types began in earnest, but mixing of the two types in some cases still exists today.

When the types were separated by the Rat Terrier Club of America, the short-legged variety was named in honor of Theodore Roosevelt, although he never owned Rat Terriers nor was he instrumental in developing the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier. The dog most attributed to being one of the foundations for the Rat Terriers was a black-and-tan, mixed-breed, feist-type dog owned by the Roosevelts. In one of his letters to his children, President Roosevelt writes, "There is a very cunning little dog named Skip, belonging to John Goff's pack, who has completely adopted me. I think I shall take him home to Archie. He likes to ride on Dr. Lambert's horse, or mine, and though he is not as big as Jack, takes eager part in the fight with every bear and bobcat." Often confused with Skip the black and tan feist, the Roosevelts also had a dog named Scamp. Scamp is the only dog mentioned in Roosevelt's letters as ever hunting rats while in the White House, "Scamp is really an extraordinary ratter and kills a great many rats in the White House, in the cellars and on the lower floor and among the machinery. He is really a very nice little dog." Unfortunately, no pictures of Scamp nor descriptions other than one which describes him as a Fox Terrier have been found. Another terrier which often is confused with the Rat Terrier was Roosevelt's dog named Jack. In Mr. Roosevelt's letter dated July 27, 1902, to Mrs. Roswell Field, he writes, "It is a real pleasure to send you a photograph of my boy Kermit, with Jack, the Manchester Terrier, who is absolutely a member of the family."  Jack was a Manchester Terrier, not a Rat Terrier.

The first standard for the breed was developed by the now-defunct Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America in 1996. Currently, several registration organizations are active, all of which have their own standards, but the most commonly accepted are the United Kennel Club  and the United Kennel Club International, although the UKCI still only recognizes them as a variation of the Rat Terrier.

In 1999, both "Rat Terrier" and "Teddy Roosevelt Terrier" were accepted as a separate breeds by the United Kennel Club.

Currently, the UKC accepts single Teddy Roosevelt Terrier registration applications for dogs from 10 different registries, where they are simply designated as Rat Terriers. .

In August 2016 the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier was accepted into the AKC Foundation Stock Services. In July 2019, the breed advanced to the AKC Miscellaneous Class.

Appearance

The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is a low-set, muscular, active, small- to medium-sized hunting terrier. The preferred ratio of length of body (prosternum to point of buttocks) to height (withers to ground) is  10:7. The head is broad, slightly domed, wedge-shaped, and proportionate to the size of the body. Ears are V-shaped, set at the outside edges of the skull, and may be erect or button. A docked tail is preferred, but a natural bob tail or a natural tail carried in an upward curve is also acceptable. The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier occurs in solid white, other solid colors with markings, and white with a variety of colored patches.

The Teddy Roosevelt Terrier should be evaluated as a working terrier, and exaggerations, or faults, should be penalized in proportion to how much they interfere with the dog's ability to work. Honorable scars resulting from field work are not to be penalized.

Disqualifications: Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid; viciousness or extreme shyness; unilateral or bilateral deafness; hanging ears; cropped ears; hairlessness; any suggestion of kink or curl in tail; merle.

Common characteristics
Like the Rat Terrier, the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier of today is bred for versatility, including hunting instincts, soundness of health, great temperament, and good looks.  Teddy Roosevelt Terriers have higher than average prey drive and will chase squirrels, rats, stray cats, and any other animals they consider prey. They also dig and follow mole trails, leaving an array of trenches and holes behind. They make excellent watch dogs, and can be very protective and territorial. They share a love for their families and become very attached, craving human interaction and affection. Always by their owners' sides, they become constant shadows, following their masters around throughout the daily routine.

These dogs are very smart and loyal, which makes them easy to train. They are energetic and playful, and their antics can make one laugh daily. However, when it is time to settle down, they are just as content to be in a lap.

They can adapt to almost any lifestyle, whether shown in conformation rings, working in agility trials, or just a great companion for home or farm. Their  size makes them suitable for apartment living, as well. Today, the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier is gaining a solid following and becoming a popular household companion.(Source AKC)

Health problems
Less common problems may include allergies, bite problems (malocclusions), hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and subluxating patella, as these are problems that appear in the related Rat Terrier.

Ectopia lentis, a congenital condition, also affects this breed. Although not currently well-documented in the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, it is seen in small numbers and populations according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, but is still seen in higher numbers in the Rat Terrier and other terrier breeds.

References

Further reading
* Bishop, Joseph Bucklin, ed. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1919. Letters from 1898–1911.
 Kane, Alice J. (2004). Rat Terrier: a Comprehensive Owner's Guide (Special Limited Edition). Kennel Club Books .
 Rat Terrier Club of America. "What is Their Temperament Like?".  Retrieved August 30, 2007.
 Orthopedic Foundation for Animals Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Primary Lens Luxation Test Results. Retrieved September 12, 2012.

External links

History of the Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
United Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club of America
American Teddy Roosevelt Terrier Club
The Bench Legged Fyce

Companion dogs
Dog breeds originating in the United States
Hunting dogs
Rare dog breeds
Terriers

Teddy Roosevelt Terrier


Echopraxia is a hard science fiction novel by Canadian writer Peter Watts. It is a "sidequel" to his 2006 novel, Blindsight, and the two novels make up the Firefall series.

Echopraxia follows the story of a biologist who gets caught up in a voyage into the heart of the Solar System among members of a transcendentalist monastic order and allies (including a vampire escaped from a research facility and her cadre of zombified soldiers) to investigate a mysterious signal seemingly coming from the mission sent to initiate first contact in Watts' previous novel. The cover art is by Richard Anderson.

The title refers to a psychological condition in which a person involuntarily mimics actions they observe.

In 2014, Watts participated in an online Q&A session on Reddit, where he personally answered questions about the novel.

Synopsis
The story, set on the eve of the twenty-second century, follows a parasitologist named Daniel Brücks, who accidentally finds himself trapped within a conflict involving several trans-human groups. Forced to escape into space, he boards the starship Crown Of Thorns, together with a varied crew that includes Valerie, a vampire; Lianna Lutterodt, a monastic apprentice; Jim Moore, a soldier; Rakshi Sengupta, the pilot; and the Bicamerals, a group of trans-humans able to share thoughts and brainpower without the need for verbal communication. They journey together towards the Icarus station, which captures energy from the Sun and uses it to power both Earth and the Theseus ship, currently on a mission to contact an extraterrestrial entity. Things change abruptly when they find in the station signs of an alien intelligence that the crew names Portia, based on the extraordinary intelligence that the spider of the same name showcases, despite its small brain.

During the trip, several secondary plot points are explored: the relationship between Daniel Brücks and his ex-wife, Rho, who decided to ascend to "Heaven", a custom virtual reality world for people who don't want to go on with their ordinary lives; the relationship between Jim Moore and his son, Siri Keeton, who traveled on the Theseus several years ago; Sengupta's search for the man who caused her wife's death; and Valerie's escape from the neurological chains that her human creators had imposed on her.

The book explores topics like the nature of consciousness and the actual need (or lack) for it in evolved creatures, the use of religion to advance knowledge beyond science, the existence of God as a virus that modifies the laws of physics, and the role that baseline (non-modified) humans can have in a society where everyone else is "augmented" in one way or another.

References

External links

2014 Canadian novels
2014 science fiction novels
Biopunk novels
Canadian science fiction novels
Space exploration novels
Tor Books books

Echopraxia (novel)


Yoruba-English: F

1.	Fá: v. to shave: Ó fá irun rẹ̀; He shaved his hair, Ó fá ọbẹ̀ dànù; He scrapped out the remaining of the soup and threw it away.

2.	Fẹ̀: v. (i) to expand/to enlarge: Ó ń fẹ̀; It is expanding, Ó fẹ ihò náà; he enlarged the hole (ii) to be extensive: Ó fẹ̀; It is extensive (iii) to sit relaxedly: Ó fẹ̀; He sat relaxedly (iv) broad: Èjìká rẹ̀ fẹ̀; He has a broad shoulder (v) deep: Ohùn rẹ̀ fẹ̀; He has a deep voice.

3.	Fi: v. (i) to whirl something round: Mo fi apa mi; I swung my arm round and round (ii) to dangle: Ó ń fi dorodoro; he is dangling and oscillation to and fro (iii) to be too much: Náírà kan fi í lọ́wọ́ láti ná fún mi; Even a naira is irksome to him to spend for me (iv) wave: Ó fi agboòrùn rẹ̀; He waved his umbrella.

4.	Fín: v. (i) Ó fi Sheltox fin yàrá ná; He sprays the room with Sheltox (ii) to blow: Ó fin iná;  He blew the fire to make it burn up (iii) to be acceptable. Ẹbọ á fin; The sacrifice would be accepted by the deities, e.g. good-luck (iv) to cut patterns on something: Ó fín igbá; He carved patterns on the calabash.

5.	Fó: v. (i) to be clear: Ilẹ̀ ti fó; The ground is clear (ii) to float: Ó fó lórí omi; It floated on the river.

6.	Fun: v.(i) to blow: Ó fun fèrè; He blows the whistle (ii) to play: Wọ́n fun fèrè; They played a wood wind.

Atúmọ̀-Èdè (Yorùbá-Gẹ̀ẹ́sì): F1


Norwood Gardens is a small planned community in Astoria, Queens, bounded by 35th, 36th and 37th Streets between 31st Avenue and 30th Avenue. Norwood Gardens was planned and developed during a period of expansion in New York City.

With the opening of the Queensboro Bridge in 1909 and the extension of the New York City Subway to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in 1915, Astoria and Long Island City were forever changed from outlying suburbs to centrally connected communities. The Queens Chamber of Commerce published sales brochures advertising Norwood Gardens as "Country Living In The City". The houses were developed by Rickert Brown and designed to offer middle-income families a better quality of life than that typically found in a large, metropolitan city in the early part of the century.

Norwood Gardens includes many two-family detached homes, a unique block of one-family attached homes east side of 37th Street and thirty unique attached terrace homes on 36th Street. The 36th Street homes were popularly called Doctor's Row due to doctors combining their practice offices under their living quarters. The 36th Street terrace homes were designed by Walter Hopkins, an architect with Warren & Wetmore, which designed other structures such as Grand Central Terminal. The thirty attached terrace homes showcased 25-foot front gardens planted with California privet hedges, over 22 kinds of evergreens (many 10–12 feet tall) and a large variety of flowering shrubs.

Norwood Gardens' homes were designed to provide circulating fresh air and sunlight. The interior floor plans maximized use of space, making the homes attractive to families. The exterior design is a lively combination of white stucco and red tapestry brick. The mortar is a mix of bright white lime with a quartz aggregate that sparkles and accentuates the brick. Additional architectural elements include iron balconies, lattice work, green blinds, cement flower pots on the roof, red Italianate tiles, planter supports in the shape of lambs heads and a variety of architectural medallions embedded in the brick.

The original bathroom fixtures were manufactured by J. L. Mott Iron Works of Manhattan; the company's namesake also gave rise to the name of Mott Street in Chinatown, Manhattan. In 1929, Norwood Gardens terrace homes sold for $15,000 and the slightly larger corner homes for $16,000. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company underwrote the mortgages for the terrace homes. Twenty-nine exteriors of the thirty terrace homes remain in near original state.

References

 Rickert-Brown Co. Developments in Astoria, July 22, 1922, Queens Chamber of Commerce
 Queens Real Estate Market Active, Demand for Moderate-Priced Houses Still In Excess of the Supply, July 22, 1922, Queens Chamber of Commerce

Planned communities in the United States
Warren and Wetmore buildings
Residential buildings in Queens, New York
MetLife
Astoria, Queens

Norwood Gardens


The 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at  on  NZT. (This is 23:51  UTC). It was about 5 km underground. It struck the Canterbury region of the island and caused a lot of damage and many deaths in Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city.

It was the largest aftershock of the 4 September 2010 Canterbury earthquake, although it is being regarded as a separate earthquake. It was smaller than the September earthquake, but it was more damaging because it was closer to Christchurch and nearer to the surface of the earth. It also happened at lunchtime on a Tuesday compared to before dawn on a Saturday, which meant that more people were outside and in danger of being injured by falling buildings. Buildings were also already weakened from the previous quakes. The intensity felt in Christchurch was MM VIII.

Prime Minister John Key said that the 22nd of February "may well be New Zealand's darkest day".
At least 166 people have been confirmed dead with the final death toll expected to be over 200.

At the end of the first day 65 people were known to have died, and the number is expected to rise. Over 100 people may be trapped in one building alone. The New Zealand Fire Service says many people were injured and trapped in buildings. At 5pm local time Radio New Zealand reported that 80% of the city was without electricity.  Water and wastewater services are not working in many parts of the city. People are being asked to use as little water as possible and to collect rainwater. It is expected that the State of Emergency Level 3, the highest possible in a regional disaster, will last at least five days. Medical staff from the army are being used.

The Sydney Morning Herald reported that two buses and a number of cars were crushed by falling buildings.

Buildings damaged

Buildings have collapsed around Cathedral Square in downtown Christchurch. The spire of ChristChurch Cathedral has completely collapsed. Christchurch Hospital was evacuated due to damage in some areas, but soon reopened to treat the injured. It has treated over 220 serious injuries so far, even though sometimes they were working by torchlight. The New Zealand defence forces have been called in to help move people out of the central business district. Fires were reported at the Canterbury Television (CTV) building.

The Pyne Gould Corporation building on Cambridge Terrace has suffered a lot of damage (photo), and some of the building's 200 workers are believed to be trapped within. Screams have been heard from inside.

The historic Canterbury Provincial Chambers building has also suffered major damage from the earthquake.

The Statistics New Zealand buildings in Christchurch were also damaged. They were due to process much of the March 2011 census of New Zealand. The census has been cancelled because people living in Christchurch have had their lives seriously disrupted. This is the third time the census has been cancelled, the previous two times being during the Great Depression and World War II.

Christchurch Cathedral

ChristChurch Cathedral has lost the top of its main spire and its roof has fallen in. (photos ) Initial reports said 22 people were in the spire at the time of the collapse. However, after the building was made safe to enter over a week after the quake, and searched thoroughly, no bodies were located.

Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament
The Catholic cathedral of Christchurch, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, has half collapsed.

Lyttelton

Buildings in Lyttelton have been damaged; a fire officer said that 60% of the buildings in the main street have collapsed. The town's historic Timeball Station was also badly damaged. The New Zealand Historic Places Trust who own the building have decided that it is unsafe to try to repair it. It will be dismantled, if possible, and perhaps re-constructed.

Beyond Christchurch and Lyttelton
Around 30 million tonnes of ice fell off Tasman Glacier into Tasman Lake, about  from the epicentre, hitting tour boats with waves 3.5 high.

The quake was felt as far north as Tauranga and as far south as Invercargill, where the 111 emergency network was damaged and stopped working.

Emergency response and relief efforts
New Zealand Prime Minister, John Key, said "All Civil Defence procedures have now been activated; the Civil Defence bunker at Parliament is in operation here in Wellington." Civil Defence has alerted all Urban Search and Rescue teams in Christchurch.  The New Zealand Red Cross is also involved.

Australia has offered help, and immediately sent a search and rescue team of 70 from New South Wales on a RAAF C-130 Hercules. Foreign Affairs Minister Kevin Rudd also said a second team from South Australia will also be sent with more equipment. Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard has offered John Key any other help he may need.
The United States and Japan have also offered help.

Christchurch International Airport was only open for emergency air traffic, but has now been opened to all local and domestic flights. The earthquake has affected all air traffic in New Zealand. Air traffic control services by Airways New Zealand, the national Air Traffic Control organisation, have been disrupted.

Related pages
 2010 Canterbury earthquake
 2011 Christchurch earthquake (June)

References

Other websites

 Earthquake Footage
 New Zealand Herald Live Updates
 Quake Photos

2011 in New Zealand
2011 earthquakes
Christchurch
Earthquakes in New Zealand
February 2011 events
2011 disasters
2010s disasters in New Zealand
Geography of New Zealand

2011 Christchurch earthquake


Sir Antony Mark David Gormley  (born 30 August 1950) is a British sculptor. His works include the Angel of the North, a public sculpture in Gateshead in the north of England, commissioned in 1994 and erected in February 1998; Another Place on Crosby Beach near Liverpool; and Event Horizon, a multipart site installation which premiered in London in 2007, then subsequently in Madison Square in New York City (2010), São Paulo, Brazil (2012), and Hong Kong (2015–16).

Early life
Gormley was born in Hampstead, London, the youngest of seven children, to a German mother (maiden name Brauninger) and a father of Irish descent. His paternal grandfather was an Irish Catholic from Derry who settled in Walsall in Staffordshire. The ancestral homeland of the Gormley Clan (Irish: Ó Goirmleadhaigh) in Ulster was east County Donegal and west County Tyrone, with most people in both Derry and Strabane being of County Donegal origin. Gormley has stated that his parents chose his initials, "AMDG", to have the inference  – "to the greater glory of God".

Gormley grew up in a Roman Catholic family living in Hampstead Garden Suburb. The family was wealthy, with  a cook and a chauffeur, with a home overlooking the golf course; Gormley's father was an art lover. He attended Ampleforth College, a Benedictine boarding school in Yorkshire, before reading archaeology, anthropology, and the history of art at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1968 to 1971. He travelled to India and the Dominion of Ceylon / Sri Lanka to learn more about Buddhism between 1971 and 1974.

After attending Saint Martin's School of Art and Goldsmiths in London from 1974, he completed his studies with a postgraduate course in sculpture at the Slade School of Fine Art, between 1977 and 1979.

Career

Gormley's career began with a solo exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1981. Almost all his work takes the human body as its subject, with his own body used in many works as the basis for metal castings.

Gormley describes his work as "an attempt to materialise the place at the other side of appearance where we all live." Many of his works are based on moulds taken from his own body, or "the closest experience of matter that I will ever have and the only part of the material world that I live inside." His work attempts to treat the body not as an object, but as a place and in making works that enclose the space of a particular body to identify a condition common to all human beings. The work is not symbolic but indexical – a trace of a real event of a real body in time.

The 2006 Sydney Biennale featured Gormley's Asian Field, an installation of 180,000 small clay figurines crafted by 350 Chinese villagers in five days from 100 tons of red clay. Use of others' works attracted minor comment. Some figurines were stolen. Also in 2006, the burning of Gormley's 25-m high The Waste Man formed the zenith of the Margate Exodus.

In 2007, Gormley's Event Horizon, consisting of 31 life-sized and anatomically correct casts of his body, four in cast iron and 27 in fiberglass, was installed on top of prominent buildings along London's South Bank, and installed in locations around New York City's Madison Square in 2010.  Gormley said of the New York site, "Within the condensed environment of Manhattan's topography, the level of tension between the palpable, the perceivable, and the imaginable is heightened because of the density and scale of the buildings" and that in this context, the project should "activate the skyline in order to encourage people to look around.  In this process of looking and finding, or looking and seeking, one perhaps re-assess one's own position in the world and becomes aware of one's status of embedment." Critic Howard Halle said that "Using distance and attendant shifts of scale within the very fabric of the city, [Event Horizon] creates a metaphor for urban life and all the contradictory associations – alienation, ambition, anonymity, fame – it entails."

In July 2009, Gormley presented One & Other, a Fourth Plinth commission, an invitation for members of the public, chosen by lot, to spend one hour on the vacant plinth in Trafalgar Square in London. This "living art" happening initially attracted much media attention. It even became a topic of discussion on the long-running BBC radio drama series The Archers, where Gormley made an appearance as himself.

In 2012, Gormley began making sculptures that could be termed as "digital-cubism". Through solid steel cubes, the human form is rendered into an array of different postures and poses, boldly standing in a white gallery space.

In March 2014, Gormley appeared in the BBC Four series What Do Artists Do All Day? in an episode that followed his team and him in their Kings Cross studio, preparing a new work – a group of 60 enormous steel figures – called Expansion Field. The work was shown at the Zentrum Paul Klee in Bern.

In May 2015 five life-sized sculptures, Land, were placed near the centre and at four compass points of the UK in a commission by the Landmark Trust to celebrate its 50th anniversary. They are at Lowsonford (Warwickshire), Lundy (Bristol Channel), Saddell Bay (Scotland), the Martello Tower (Aldeburgh, Suffolk), and Clavell Tower (Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset). The Dorset sculpture was knocked over into Kimmeridge Bay by a storm in September 2015.

On 6 September 2015, Another Place marked the 10th anniversary of its installation at Crosby Beach in Merseyside. Gormley commented:

In September 2015, Gormley had his first sculpture installed in New Zealand. Stay is a group of identical cast-iron human form sculptures, with the first installed in the Avon River / Ōtākaro in Christchurch's central city, and the other sculpture installed in the nearby Arts Centre in early 2016.

Gormley is a patron of Paintings in Hospitals, a charity that provides art for health and social care in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

In 2017, Gormley curated Inside, an exhibition at the Southbank Centre, London, presented by Koestler Trust showing artworks by prisoners, detainees, and ex-offenders. In addition, he judged their annual category prize, also on the theme "inside".

On 21 April 2018, Gormley released a limited edition vinyl album of ambient sounds from his studio for Record Store Day titled Sounds of the Studio. It consisted of two tracks (one on each side) titled Sounds of the Studio (Part 1) and Sounds of the Studio (Part 2). It came with an inner with a monochrome print of his studio on one side and text by the artist with a photo on the other.

In 2019, Gormley repopulated the island of Delos with iron "bodyforms" with the unprecedented site-specific exhibition Sight. Organised and commissioned by the NEON Organization and presented in collaboration with the Ephorate of Antiquities of Cyclades, this project marked the first time that an artist took over the archaeological site of Delos since the island was inhabited over 5,000 years ago, and is the first time a contemporary art installation has been unanimously approved by the Greek Archaeological Council of the Ministry of Culture to take place in Delos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Talking about this exhibition, Antony Gormley stated, "I treat the body as a place encouraging empathic occupation of that which lies the other side of appearance: what it feels like". He installed 29 sculptures made during the last 20 years, including five new works specially commissioned by the NEON Organization, both at the periphery and integrated amongst Delos's archaeological site and museum animating the geological and archaeological features of the island.

In 2020, Gormley was confirmed to be "lending" a sculpture to Kirklees College to sit atop its new building at Pioneer House in the town of his birth, Dewsbury, as part of a major redevelopment in the town.

In 2022, a Gormley sculpture called ALERT was installed on the main campus of Imperial College London. The installation raised objections from the student body due to its perceived "phallic" interpretation.

Virtual reality
In 2017, the Royal Academy invited Gormley to consider the possibilities of virtual reality (VR). In 2019 in collaboration with astronomer Priyamvada Natarajan he produced a VR experience called Lunatick, which allows the viewer to seemingly travel through space to the Moon and fly over its surface, based on images from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Recognition
Gormley won the Turner Prize in 1994 with Field for the British Isles. He was quoted as saying that he was "embarrassed and guilty to have won...In the moment of winning there is a sense the others have been diminished. I know artists who've been seriously knocked off their perches through disappointment."

Gormley has been a Royal Academician since 2003, and was a trustee of the British Museum from 2007 to 2015. He is an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Institute of British Architects, honorary doctor of the universities of Teesside, Liverpool, University College London, and Cambridge, and a fellow of Trinity and Jesus Colleges, Cambridge.  In October 2010, 100 other leading artists and he signed an open letter to Culture Minister Jeremy Hunt protesting cutbacks in the arts.

On 13 March 2011, Gormley was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in Dance for the set design for Babel (Words) at Sadler's Wells in collaboration with Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui and Damien Jalet. He was the recipient of the Obayashi Prize in 2012 and is the 2013 Praemium Imperiale laureate for sculpture. Gormley was knighted in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to the arts, having previously been appointed OBE in 1998.

For Room, he received the 2015 Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture.

In 2019, the Royal Academy held an exhibition filling its 13 main galleries with Gormley's works, including some new (designed to fit the space), some remade for the gallery, and some of his early sculptures, with two rooms of his drawings and sketchbooks.

In 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked Gormley number four in their list of the "100 most powerful people in British culture".

Art market
Gormley's auction record is £3,401,250 for a maquette of the Angel of the North, set at Christie's, London, on 14 October 2011.

Personal life
While at the Slade School of Fine Art, Gormley met Vicken Parsons, who was to become his assistant, and in 1980, his wife, as well as a successful artist in her own right. Gormley said of her:

The couple have a daughter and two sons.

In June 2022 Gormley said that he had applied for German citizenship, to which he is entitled through his German mother, after describing Brexit as "a practical disaster" and a "betrayal".

Major works

Gormley's website includes images of nearly all of his works up to 2012. The most notable include:

 Bed (1981) – purchased by the Tate Gallery.
 Sound II (1986) – in the crypt of Winchester Cathedral, Winchester, Hampshire, England

 Field (1991; and subsequent recreations)
 Iron:Man (1993) –  Victoria Square, Birmingham, England
 Havmann (1995) –  Mo i Rana, Norway
 Another Place (1997) – permanently installed at Crosby Beach near Liverpool, England
 Quantum Cloud (1999)– Greenwich, London, England
 Broken Column (1999–2003) – Stavanger, Norway
 Angel of the North (1998) – Low Fell (overlooking the A1 and A167 roads), Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England
 Present Time (2001) – at Mansfield College, Oxford
 Planets (2002) – at the British Library, London.
 Filter (2002) – acquired by Manchester Art Gallery, Manchester, England, in 2009
 Inside Australia (2003) permanent exhibition at Lake Ballard, Western Australia
 Time Horizon – the Archaeological Park of Scolacium near Catanzaro in Calabria, Southern Italy
 Ferment (2007)
 Blind Light (2007), Hayward Gallery, South Bank, London
 Event Horizon (2007) – along the South Bank of the Thames, London, England; (2010) around Madison Square, New York City; 2012 in São Paulo, Brazil; 2015–16 in Hong Kong
 Reflection II (2008) – acquired by DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Lincoln, Massachusetts, in 2009
 One & Other (6 July – 14 October 2009) – Trafalgar Square, London, England
 Habitat – Gormley's first permanent installation in the United States, in Anchorage, Alaska on the grounds of the Anchorage Museum, cost an estimated $565,000.
 Another Time XI (2009) – Gormley's sculpture on top of Exeter College, Oxford, overlooking Broad Street
 Horizon Field (2010–2012) – sculpture installation in the Austrian Alps.
 Exposure (2010) – Lelystad, Netherlands
 Cloud Chain (2010) – Les Archives Nationales, Paris, France
 Transport (2011) - Crypt of Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England
 Mothership with Standing Matter (2011) Lillehammer, Norway
 Witness (2011) – on the piazza of the British Library, London; commissioned by English PEN to mark their 90th anniversary.
 Horizon Field Hamburg (2012) – Deichtorhallen, Germany
 Stay (2015/16) – Christchurch, New Zealand
Sight (2019) – Delos Island, Mykonos, Greece; organised and commissioned by the NEON Organization and presented in collaboration with the Ephorate of Antiquities of Cyclades of the Greek Ministry of Culture and Sports.

See also
What Do Artists Do All Day?

References

External links

 Official website

 Antony Gormley on Artcyclopedia

 Gormley's exhibition in Guernsey for the International Artist In Residence Programme IAIRP
 Pictures of Gormley's sculpture in Oxford being erected on 15 February 2009
 Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 29 April 2009 (video)
 An interview with Gormley by Edward Lucie Smith in RealMedia format
 Interactive video interview with Gormley and interactive exploration of his work at the Tate Gallery
 Antony Gormley audio: The artist considers his art and his research into the Wellcome collections
 Antony Gormley at Xavier hufkens, Brussels
 Tate: In the Studio: Antony Gormley. A tour of the artist's studio. 1 September 2007
 Studio Visit: Antony Gormley. London, 4 November 2011
 Gormley's artwork Mothership with Standing Matter in Lillehammer, Norway
 White Cube
 Antony Gormley. A tour around his studio Video by Louisiana Channel

 Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
Antony Gormley on the sacred island of Delos talking about SIGHT exhibition

20th-century British sculptors
21st-century sculptors
English sculptors
English male sculptors
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People educated at Ampleforth College
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
Royal Academicians
Trustees of the British Museum
Turner Prize winners
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
English contemporary artists
1950 births
Living people
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Artists from Hampstead

Antony Gormley


Russell Allan "Russ" Sutor (April 24, 1951 – September 23, 1995) was a businessman and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Regina North East from 1982 to 1985 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Mossbank, Saskatchewan, the son of Steve Sutor and Anetta Atkinson. Sutor operated a travel agency, a delivery service and a Regina motel. He served as legislative
secretary to the Minister of Economic Development and Trade. Sutor resigned his seat in the Saskatchewan assembly in 1985 citing personal business reasons. He died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida at the age of 44.

References

1951 births
1995 deaths
Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs

Russell Sutor


Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs is a book by Richard A. Lupoff that explores the work of Edgar Rice Burroughs, the creator of Tarzan and author of numerous science-fiction, fantasy, and adventure novels. The book is one of the few major works of criticism covering the work of Burroughs, and it helped create renewed interest in his work during the 1960s.

Publication history
The book was first published in hardcover by Canaveral Press in 1965 under the title Edgar Rice Burroughs: Master of Adventure. It includes a preface by Henry Hardy Heins and 12 black-and-white illustrations, including four by Al Williamson and Reed Crandall, two by Crandall alone, and six by Frank Frazetta; these materials appear in all four print editions.

A revised and enlarged second edition with a new introduction by the author was published in paperback by Ace Books in 1968. It featured cover art by Frank Frazetta recycled from the publisher's earlier edition of Burroughs's The Beasts of Tarzan

A third "centennial" edition, adding a new introduction by the author and also in paperback, followed, also from Ace, in 1975. It also featured cover art by Frazetta, in this instance a new work.

A fourth edition, again revised and enlarged with new content, was published as a trade paperback by Bison Books in 2005. For this edition, the work was retitled Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs. New content includes a foreword by fantasy author Michael Moorcock, an admirer of Burroughs's work, a new foreword by the author, and an essay by Phillip R. Burger, a consultant to Burroughs. The cover illustration was a colorized version of the frontispiece common to all the print editions, "Edgar Rice Burroughs and His Most Famous Creations" by Al Williamson and Reed Crandall.

An ebook of the centennial (third) edition retaining the original title was published by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint in 2015.

Content
After a brief survey of Burroughs's life prior to his literary career, the book discusses his writings in two broad sequences, the first devoted to his main body of work aside from that devoted to Tarzan, and the second specifically to the Tarzan books. Treatment in each sequence is broadly chronological, but with groups of related works treated topically. For instance, chapters 3, 5, and 9 are devoted to Burroughs's Mars series, chapters 4 and 6 to his Pellucidar series, chapter 7 to The Land that Time Forgot and The Moon Maid, which Lupoff considers some of Burroughs's masterworks, and chapter 10 to the Venus series, with miscellaneous works covered primarily in chapters 4, 8, and 11.

The Tarzan chapters cover the ape-man's early, middle, and late adventures (in chapters 12-14, 16, and 17, respectively), interspersed with material on the character's literary antecedents (chapter 15) and descendants (chapter 18).

Two additional chapters round out the work by assembling a recommended reading list of essential Burroughs novels (chapter 19), notable for its placement of the relatively obscure Burroughs novels The War Chief and The Mucker at third and fourth place, respectively, and surveying works not published during Burroughs's lifetime (chapter 20), many of which remained unpublished at the time Lupoff initially wrote. (Almost all have since been printed).

The book includes outlines for all of Burroughs's major novels, and covers several aspects of his body of work, including influences upon his work, works influenced by Burroughs, and later works by Burroughs that never came to fruition due to his service in World War II as a war correspondent and declining health later in life.

Table of Contents

Preface by Henry Hardy Heins
Introduction to the Centennial Edition
Introduction to the Second Edition
I: Who Was Edgar Rice Burroughs?
II: The Beginning of a Career
III: A Phoenician on Mars
IV: To the Earth's Core—and Elsewhere
V: Barsoom Resumed
VI: The Return to Pellucidar
VII: Wieroos and Kalkars
VIII: The Good Pot-Boilers
IX: Barsoom Concluded
X: Wrong-Way Carson
XI: The Last Hero
XII: The Backs of Old Letterheads
XIII: Tarzan Returns
XIV: And Returns and Returns
XV: Ancestors of Tarzan
XVI: Tarzan's Greatest Adventures
XVII: Last Tales of Tarzan
XVIII: Descendants of Tarzan
XIX: A Basic Burroughs Library
XX: The Surprise in the Safe
XXI: Forty More Years of Adventure (by Phillip R. Burger; 4th edition only)

Reception
While the response to the book has been generally favorable, it remains controversial among some Burroughs aficionados, particularly for Lupoff's argument that the Barsoom series was heavily influenced by Lieut. Gullivar Jones: His Vacation (1905) and The Wonderful Adventures of Phra the Phoenician (1890) by Edwin L. Arnold.

References

Further reading

External links
Publisher's website for Master of Adventure
Google books preview

1965 non-fiction books
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Books of literary criticism


The CANT Z.1012 was a small three-engined monoplane built in Italy in the late 1930s to carry either three or five passengers depending on the engines.  A small number were built for Italian diplomatic use.

Design and development
In 1937 CANT (Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico) won a contract to build an aircraft for the Italian diplomatic corps in their embassies abroad.  The result was the CANT Z.1012.

It was a low wing cantilever monoplane with an aerodynamically clean wooden structure and plywood skin.  The single spar wings were tapered, carrying balanced ailerons and slotted flaps inboard.  The fuselage had an oval cross-section and was built on a keel with longitudinal members and transverse frames.  The cabin, over the wing, was fully glazed and had a starboard side seat for one passenger alongside the pilot with a bench seat behind for two more. A third row could be included if a lower fuel load was carried.  The back of the bench seat folded for access to a baggage compartment. The fin was integral with the fuselage and was quite tall, carrying the tailplane about halfway up.  The tailplane was braced below to the fuselage.  Both rudder and elevators were fabric covered and both mass and horn balanced.

The Z.1012 was powered by three inverted air-cooled inline engines, one mounted in the nose and the other two in long fairings on the wings.  There were two engine options, either the 90 kW (120 hp) Alfa-Romeo 110, a four-cylinder unit, or its six-cylinder relative, the 138 kW (185 hp) Alfa-Romeo 115.  The more powerful engines raised the top speed by 48 km/h (30 mph) . The main undercarriage units retracted into the engine fairings but the tail wheel was fixed.

The Z.1012 first flew on 13 November 1937 with the four-cylinder engines, appearing at the Belgrade air show that summer. This aircraft was used by the Italian Air Attaché in Washington. Two similar aircraft followed, the first bound for the Italian embassy in Brazil and the second owned by Bruno Mussolini.  Two more were built with the bigger engines and were used by Air Marshall Italo Balbo and by General Giuseppe Valle.

Specifications (Alfa-Romeo 110)

References

Citations

Cited sources

Z.1012
1930s Italian civil aircraft
Trimotors
Low-wing aircraft

CANT Z.1012


Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (10 August 1528 – 17 November 1584) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruler of the Principality of Calenberg from 1545 to 1584. Since 1495 the Principality of Göttingen was incorporated in Calenberg.

He was the son of Eric I and Elisabeth of Brandenburg. While he was still a minor, his mother acted as Regent and introduced the Reformation in Calenberg, including her children's conversion. However, in 1547 Eric II declared his reconversion to Roman Catholicism, to the dislike of his mother.

First marriage

Eric married on 17 May 1545 Sidonie of Saxony (1518–1575), who was ten years his senior. The wedding ceremony was held in Hann. Münden without the usual pomp and circumstance.

Initially, they liked each other. Eric had been engaged to Agnes of Hesse. When the marriage was negotiated at the court in Kassel, however, he had met Sidonie. He liked her, and broke off the engagement with Agnes, in order to marry Sidonie. Landgrave Philip I of Hesse predicted: "All sorts of things will happen inside this marriage after the kissing month ends."

Two years into the marriage, in 1547, Duke Eric began his rule and reconverted to the Catholic faith, after the Reformation had been introduced to his Duchy in 1542. Despite her husband's pleas, Sidonie held on to her Lutheran faith. They had financial problems and the marriage remained childless, and soon their relationship took a very unfortunate course.

The clashes culminated in her suspicion that her husband wanted to poison her.  A Genoese merchant had contacted Sidonie's brother Augustus in 1555 and informed him that Duke Eric I had ordered poison from him on the grounds that "Eric was a Christian and his wife would be Lutheran, it was better that one woman part was destroyed, than 20,000 people."

Eric turned to a mistress, Katharina von Weldam, with whom he lived at Calenberg Castle from 1563 and had two children: Wilhelm, Baron of Lysfelt (died young in 1585) and Katharina, Baroness of Lysfelt (1564-1606), who married secretly with Giovanni Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi. Sidonie was refused access to the castle, which was also based on the grounds that she had threatened "if she comes into my house, I'll cut the whore's nose off and poke out an eye."

Charges of witchcraft

Sidonie was from 1564 onwards virtually under house arrest and she protested vigorously to her brother and to the Emperor, who sent councils who tried unsuccessfully to compromise with Duke Eric. In 1564 Eric fell very ill and suspected he was poisoned. Four women suspected of witchcraft were burned as witches in Neustadt am Rübenberge. In 1570 mediation by the Emperor, the Elector of Saxony and Duke Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel resulted in a settlement of the disputes between Sidonie and her husband, in which Sidonie would receive Calenberg Castle. Eric, however, did not abide by the settlement.

On 30 March 1572, Duke Eric assembled some of his advisers, nobles and deputies of the cities of Hannover and Hameln on Landestrost Castle in Neustadt. He accused Sidonie of witchcraft and of an attempt on his life. He presented evidence obtained by torture from the four women he had executed for witchcraft. Sidonie turned to Emperor Maximilian II and asked for a revision. She secretly left Calenberg and traveled to Vienna. Emperor Maximilian then decreed that the investigation should be carried out at the imperial court. However, he then turned the case over to the Dukes Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and William the Younger of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

On 17 December 1573 the case was presented in Halberstadt to the court and a large audience. All witnesses recanted their testimony against Sidonie and on 1 January 1574, the Duchess was acquitted of all charges.

Weißenfels Monastery

From Vienna, Sidonie traveled in October 1572 to Dresden to her brother and his wife. Instead of Calenberg castle and the silver Duke Eric had withheld from her, she received, after several settlements, compensation and a pension for life. Elector Augustus gave her the Poor Clares monastery at Weißenfels with all income and interest. Sidonie lived there until she died in 1575.

Due to Sidonie's resistance, Duke Julius of Brunswick did not succeed in amicably resolving Eric's accusation against Sidonie. In 1573, Sidonie wrote to duke Julius: "Duke Eric's difficult because he spewed out accusations, taking, as we speak, not the clothes, but the honor, which is the highest and most precious treasure a poor woman in this world possesses."

Second marriage

In 1575, he married Dorothea of Lorraine (1545–1621), the daughter of Princess Christina of Denmark and Francis I, Duke of Lorraine.

He disliked to live in his impoverished principality and continued to travel around with his second wife. In 1581, he bought the sumptuous Ca' Vendramin Calergi in Venice for 50,000 ducats on loan, where he hosted sumptuous dinners for the Venice nobility.

Neither marriage produced legitimate issue, and on his death in Pavia, Italy, the principality of Calenberg-Göttingen reverted to his first cousin once-removed Duke Julius, who was Prince of Wolfenbüttel.

Footnotes

1528 births
1584 deaths
Princes of Calenberg
Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
Middle House of Brunswick

Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg


Captain Maxwell Hutcheon Findlay  (17 February 1898 – 1 October 1936) was a Scottish World War I flying ace credited with 14 aerial victories. He remained in the RAF postwar for several years before going on to a civilian aviation career that ended with his death in the Johannesburg Air Race of 1936.

Early life

Maxwell Hutcheon Findlay was born on Aberdeen, Scotland on 17 February 1898.

World War I
Findlay was a Scotsman living in Canada when World War I began. He returned to the British Isles to enlist in the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment). He later transferred to the Royal Naval Air Service, being promoted from probationary temporary flight officer to temporary flight sub-lieutenant on 16 April 1917. His first duty assignment, to No. 6 Naval Squadron, brought him two "out of control" victories over Albatros D.Vs in July and August 1917. He transferred to No. 1 Naval Squadron, and used a Sopwith Camel to score three more "out of control" wins on 15 November and 4 December 1917, as well as on 8 March 1918, to become an ace. On 10 March, he destroyed an Albatros D.V. On the 16th, his second win was shared with Hazel LeRoy Wallace. By 30 May, his score was 14, including a shared win with Wallace, Charles Dawson Booker, Samuel Kinkead, James Henry Forman, Robert McLaughlin, Reginald Brading, R. Hemmens, and R. S. S. Orr. On 25 April 1918 he was appointed a temporary captain in the Royal Air Force.

Postwar career
On 1 August 1919 Findley was granted a permanent commission as a lieutenant in the RAF, and served in the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the Waziristan campaign. On 1 October 1920, Flying Officer Findlay resigned his commission and was permitted to retain the rank of flight lieutenant.

He then turned to farming in Scotland, gaining a first-class diploma in agriculture from Aberdeen University.

He also kept in touch with aviation; on 13 January 1925 Findlay was granted a commission in the RAF's Class "A" Reserves as a probationary flying officer, being confirmed in his rank on 13 July 1925. He relinquished his commission on completion of service on 13 January 1928, but was recommissioned as a flying officer in the Reserves on 11 May 1929.

In 1930 Findlay joined National Flying Services Ltd., serving as chief instructor until 1933. From there he went to Brooklands as an instructor and sales manager.

Findlay was killed on 1 October 1936, while taking part in The Schlesinger African Air Race, when his Airspeed Envoy crashed into trees on takeoff in Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia (now Mbala, Zambia).

Honours and awards
Distinguished Service Cross
Flight Sub-Lieutenant Maxwell Hutcheon Findlay, RNAS.
For the courage and daring displayed by him as a pilot. On 8 March 1918, whilst on patrol, he engaged an Albatross scout, firing effectively from very close range. The enemy aircraft went down completely out of control. He has also destroyed or driven down out of control many other enemy machines.

Distinguished Flying Cross
Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) Maxwell Hutcheon Findlay, DSC.
A skilful and courageous patrol leader. During the past few months this officer has destroyed seven enemy machines and brought down seven more out of control. On one occasion he fought an enemy machine from 18,000 feet down to an altitude of 10,000 feet, at which point he gained an advantage and destroyed his antagonist.

Endnotes

References
 Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920 (1990). Christopher F. Shores, Norman L. R. Franks, Russell Guest. Grub Street. , .

1898 births
1936 deaths
Military personnel from Aberdeen
Black Watch soldiers
Royal Naval Air Service aviators
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
British World War I flying aces
Scottish flying aces
British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Afghan War
British military personnel of the Waziristan Campaign
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1936

Maxwell Findlay


Luis Álvarez Renta (born April 9, 1950) is a Dominican economist. Álvarez Renta was found liable by a federal jury in Miami of civil racketeering and illegal money transfers in a conspiracy to loot Baninter bank during its final months of existence in 2003, for which Álvarez Renta was ordered to pay $177 million to Dominican authorities in November 2005.

Biography
Luis Rafael Álvarez Renta was born in Caracas, Venezuela. His father, Virgilio Álvarez Saviñón, was a renowned and wealthy Dominican engineer who had been forced into exile during the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. Arriving in Venezuela with twenty dollars and a suitcase, Álvarez Saviñón was able to re-establish his fortune in Venezuela. It was said that in Caracas, "anywhere you looked something had been built by Virgilio Álvarez."

His mother, Thelma Renta, was the sister of fashion designer Oscar de la Renta, and a major social figure in the Dominican Republic in her own right.

Álvarez Renta studied in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, eventually earning a full scholarship to a Dominican University. He was also able to study in the United States, attending both the University of Michigan and Washington University in St. Louis. His performance in university did not go unnoticed, and he was offered scholarships for graduate work at both Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and at the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He attended MIT Sloan and received a Masters in Finance. He would later establish a professorship there.

During his early career, Álvarez Renta was offered a number of jobs in the United States. He chose, instead to return to the Dominican Republic. At first, he engaged in the public sector, serving as Sub-Secretary of State for Industry and Commerce, advisor emeritus to the Presidency for Commerce and Finance, and director of CEDOPEX, the oversight agency for Dominican exports.

Having completed his work in the public sector, Álvarez Renta opened his own firm, Luis Álvarez Renta & Asociados, an investment banking firm focused on mergers and acquisitions. For the following thirty-three years, Álvarez Renta was known as the "King Midas" of the Dominican Republic, since his deals always made both sides significant amounts of money. Since the financial sector in the region was underdeveloped, he was often on both sides of a deal, as he was one of the only people in the region with the technical expertise required to process major corporate transactions.

As such, Álvarez Renta essentially created the marketplace for mergers and acquisitions in the Caribbean region, and became very wealthy in the process. An estimate of his wealth made during his divorce case in 2000 placed it at $148 million, although many believed it to be much more than that at the time.

Prior to the Baninter banking scandal, Álvarez Renta had accompanied former Dominican President Hipólito Mejía on many of his trips abroad, and was appointed ambassador to France on April 2, 2003. He decided to accept the appointment as part of his retirement, in order to effect positive change for the country by helping it negotiate a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union.

However, after Governor José Lois Malkún of the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic's announcement that Álvarez Renta was involved in the Baninter debacle, Álvarez Renta resigned the post in order to avoid a dispute between President Mejia and his advisors.

In response to the announcement, Álvarez Renta took out full-page advertisements in the press, in which he declared he was innocent of all the charges made by the Central Bank. He also claimed to have ended his dealings with Baninter almost two years before its failure in 2003. Álvarez Renta was the only Dominican businessperson who is mentioned by name in the Central Bank report. The report said that overdrafts and loans totaling RD$3.83 billion were erased at the start of this year in favor of the company Bankinvest, S.A., presided and managed by Luis Álvarez Renta.

Continuing Education

One of the major keys to Álvarez Renta's success was his commitment to continuing education. After graduating from MIT, he would go on to receive advanced degrees and certificates from such schools as the Harvard Business School and the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.

This allowed Álvarez Renta to take new financial technologies and transplant them to the Caribbean marketplace. As an example, he is credited with introducing the "you set the price, I decide whether to buy or sell" process of negotiation to the region. His involvement at such a structural level in the development of the economic systems in the region ultimately made it possible for him to become successful.

Doubts about Baninter

Recently, many have expressed doubts about Álvarez Renta's involvement in the Baninter scandal. He was accused by an administration that ended up being overrun with major corruption charges in a speech written by another financier, Andres Dauhajre, Jr., who had been an advisor to President Mejia and a lifelong rival of Álvarez Renta's.

At the time of the accusation, Álvarez Renta stood to make US$100 million as part of the sale of a company he had bought that held exclusive contracts for the sale of duty-free items at every Dominican airport. Mejia's administration had challenged those contracts and lost, and many people were interested in acquiring them before the company's sale to a Spanish conglomerate was completed. (As a sidenote, these contracts would become a large part of the execution process in the lawsuit against Álvarez Renta in the United States, and were eventually turned over to the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic.)

The total amount that Álvarez Renta supposedly stole from Baninter was roughly US$59 million. It is presumably difficult to imagine him needing the money.

Álvarez Renta was also the only person in the scandal who was concurrently sued in the United States. Since the U.S. Federal Court is unable to compel testimony from Dominican citizens residing in the Dominican Republic (and none would testify voluntarily), Álvarez Renta claimed to be unable to call even a single witness in his own defense.

Ten of the original eleven charges filed in the criminal action against Álvarez Renta in the Dominican Republic were dropped before trial.

Álvarez Renta was responsible for trying to salvage Baninter by negotiating a merger with another Dominican bank, Banco del Progreso. The merger, which was approved by the Monetary Board of the Dominican Republic, was later undone by the Central Bank.

After the Miami verdict
After being found liable in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida in November 2005, Álvarez Renta expressed that he blames former Baninter president Baez Figueroa for the colossal fraud that brought down the bank and all but decimated the Dominican economy in 2003. Álvarez Renta, who has been closely associated with the banking collapse, claimed he had no part in it and that Ramon Baez Figueroa and his deputy Marcos Baez Cocco were those responsible. Proceedings in the Dominican Republic began on April 3, 2006, against Baninter's former president Ramon Báez Figueroa and the executives Vivian Lubrano and Marcos Báez Cocco, Luis Álvarez Renta and Jesus Maria Ferrúa. The defense is headed by the famed attorney Marino Vinicio Castillo, whose primary argument is that the authorities under Mejia's presidency (2000–2004) caused the bank's collapse.

On April 7, 2006, the Dominican Government announced it would offer legal and psychological support to former Miss Dominican Republic 1987,  Carmen Rita Perez Pellerano, in her demand that her ex-husband, Álvarez Renta, stop harassing her and that she be awarded custody of their daughter. Álvarez-Renta won the case on the note that Ms. Perez was declared psychologically unfit to take care of their, at the time, 7-year-old daughter.

On July 16, 2008, L.A.R. was sent to the prison at Najayo, San Cristóbal (south), to begin serving a 10-year prison sentence.

Sentencing judge Saulo Ysabel Díaz issued the custody order around 7 p.m. July 16, after almost 12 hours of discussion with the condemned and his lawyers, who asked the court to reduce his sentence and that he be allowed to serve his time in prison in the jail at Aras Nacionales, Villa Mella.

Álvarez Renta arrived early Thursday morning at Díaz's office in the company of his lawyers.

Dealings with the presidencial candidate
It was later discovered that Álvarez Renta was the president of Maravedi, a company owned by Miguel Vargas Maldonado, the candidate of the PRD for the next presidential elections. That company was used to defraud the estate during the first years of the decade.

Notes

1950 births
Living people
People from Caracas
Harvard Business School alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Dominican Republic businesspeople
University of Michigan alumni
Dominican Republic people of Canarian descent
Dominican Republic people of Italian descent
Dominican Republic people of Puerto Rican descent
White Dominicans

Luis Álvarez Renta


Michael Dellaira (born August 5, 1949) is an American composer. He is a citizen of the United States and Italy and resides in New York City with his wife, the writer Brenda Wineapple.

Early life and career
Dellaira was born Michael Dellario in Schenectady, New York. He legally changed his surname to Dellaira, the original family name, in 1982. He started to play the violin at the age of 8, the  clarinet at 12, and in high school became a drummer and lead singer in local rock bands.
He enrolled in Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service but graduated in 1971 with a B.A. in philosophy. During these years he learned to play acoustic guitar, performing often in coffee-houses. At The George Washington University he studied composition with Robert Parris and conducting with George Steiner. After receiving his Master of Music degree in 1973, he served as Assistant Conductor of the Alexandria Symphony. A year later he went to Princeton University, where he studied with Milton Babbitt, Edward T. Cone and Paul Lansky, receiving both an M.F.A and Ph.D. in composition. He spent two summers in residence at The Composers Conference working with Roger Sessions and Mario Davidovsky.  Awarded a Fulbright Fellowship in 1977, Dellaira studied in Rome with Goffredo Petrassi at the Academy of Santa Cecilia, privately with Walter Branchi, and in Siena with Franco Donatoni at the Chigiana Academy.

Dellaira has been a recipient of an ASCAP Morton Gould award, a Jerome Commission from the American Composers Forum, and grants from the American Music Center, Cary Trust, Ford Foundation, Mellon Foundation, New York State Council on the Arts, and New Jersey Arts Council. He has taught electronic and computer music in the summer programs at Princeton University, and has been on the music faculties of The George Washington University and Union College. While at Union, Dellaira was also keyboardist and songwriter for the rock group Annette.  Their 1982 EP, Annette, was listed as a Billboard Magazine "Top Album Pick."

In 1989 Dellaira was elected Vice President of the American Composers Alliance, the oldest composer's service organization in the U.S, a position he held until 2000.

Musical works
Dellaira's 1995 orchestral tone poem Three Rivers was a turning point in his compositional style and voice; in this piece, based on his solo guitar music from the 60's, Dellaira now sought ""the sense of improvisation which occurred when this music flowed freely from heart to fingers, unimpeded by matters of style, theory, or criticism."

Since the year 2000, Dellaira has devoted himself almost exclusively to opera, music-theater, and choral music.  In a review of Dellaira's CD Five for Fanfare Magazine Robert Carl wrote: "Dellaira shows a special proclivity and talent for vocal music. Composers such as Bernstein, Rorem, and Glass all seem to be influences, mixed in a way that does not seem easily imitative or derivative. In fact, each of the four vocal works displays an inventive and personal approach to a very different vocal genre and/or challenge."

Chéri, a music-theater work, part opera, part Broadway-musical, is based on Colette's novel of the same name. The libretto is by playwright Susan Yankowitz. Early workshops with the Composers Chamber Theater, American Opera Projects and Center for Contemporary Opera led to an invitation from The Actors Studio to bring the work there for further development.  Under the direction of Tony Award-winning actress Carlin Glynn, Chéri underwent a series of revisions, culminating in a workshop production at The Actors Studio in 2005, conducted by Mark Shapiro.

In 2006, the Center for Contemporary Opera appointed Dellaira Composer-in-Residence, after commissioning him and poet J. D. McClatchy to write an opera based on Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent.  The opera, conducted by Sara Jobin and directed by Sam Helfrich, premiered on March 18, 2011, in New York at the Sylvia and Danny Kaye Playhouse. It was performed again that October at the Armel International Opera Festival in Szeged, Hungary, where it was named the Festival's "Laureat", a distinction which led to another performance in April, 2012 at the Opera Théâtre d'Avignon in France.

Dellaira's Nobody, for chorus and oboe, was commissioned by the Syracuse Vocal Ensemble. Based on four poems by Emily Dickinson (each containing the word "nobody"), the work premiered in March, 2012, with Robert Cowles conducting and Anna Stearns Peterson as oboist. It was given its New York premiere by The New Amsterdam Singers on May 28, 2015.

In 2011 Dellaira was commissioned by The Pocket Opera Players to compose the one-act opera The Death of Webern, also on a libretto by J. D. McClatchy. Directed by Thomas Desi and conducted by Carmen Helena-Tellez, The Death of Webern premiered on October 10, 2013, at Symphony Space in New York.
The opera was recorded by the Frost School of Music, University of Miami, in 2015, with Alan Johnson conducting. The recording was
named one of the "5 Best New Works of 2016" by Opera News magazine.

In 2014 Dellaira and McClatchy started on their third opera together, The Leopard, based on the best-selling 1958 novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa. The work was commissioned by American Opera Projects and premiered in 2022 at the South Miami-Dade Cultural Arts Center by the Frost Opera Theater (at the Frost School of Music), conducted by Gerard Schwarz and directed by Jeffrey Buchman, with music direction by Alan Johnson. The production featured Kim Josephson as Prince Don Fabrizio, Robynne Redmon as Princess Stella, Frank Ragsdale as Father Pirrone, and Kevin Short as Chevalley.

Dellaira's first theatrical work was the monodrama Maud, for mezzo-soprano accompanied by computer-generated sounds. Featured at the First International Computer Music Conference at M.I.T. in October, 1976, Maud was awarded First Prize the next year by the American Society of University Composers (now the Society of Composers). The work premiered on April 22, 1977, at Carnegie Recital Hall in New York at a concert of the I.S.C.M, with Janet Steele singing.

Discography
The Death of Webern; Albany Records [Troy 1613] 2016

The Secret Agent; Albany Records [Troy 1450/51] 2013

Selections from Chéri; Albany Records [Troy 1129] 2009

Five (The Music of Michael Dellaira - The Stranger, Grief, USA Stories, Three Rivers, This World is not Conclusion, Colored Stones); Albany Records [Troy 487] 2002

Compilations

The Masters on the Movies ("the best of such songeries"); Cantori; [Hobart & William Smith Colleges] 2009

The Campers at Kitty Hawk; on Conspirare's CD Crossing the Divide:Exploring Influence and Finding Our Voice -- American Masterpieces Festival

The Campers at Kitty Hawk on the Choral Composer/Conductor Collective's (C4) 2016 CD Volume 2: Cornerstones

Three Rivers ("The Orchestra According to the Seven") [Opus One 170] 1996

Art and Isadora ("To Orpheus") [CRI 615] 1992

Maud ("the green album") [Opus One 146] 1987

Annette;  [Primadonna P-5101] 1982

Problems / The Other Way Around - The Heathens, 45-RPM [Vibra L-104] 1967; "Off the Wall"; "Back From The Grave"

References

External links
 Official website for Michael Dellaira
 Albany Records
 American Composers Alliance
 American Opera Projects
 Center for Contemporary Opera
 New Music USA
 Opera America North American Works

American male classical composers
American classical composers
Georgetown University College of Arts & Sciences alumni
1949 births
Living people
Composers from New York City
Princeton University alumni
Pupils of Paul Lansky
American opera composers
Male opera composers
People from Schenectady, New York
Pupils of Milton Babbitt
Pupils of Edward T. Cone
George Washington University alumni
Princeton University faculty
George Washington University faculty
Union College (New York) faculty
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century classical musicians
21st-century American composers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century classical composers

Michael Dellaira


was a Japanese samurai and official in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa Shogunate. Before the Meiji Restoration, his courtesy title was Iki no Kami and lower 5th Court rank.

Biography
Nagamichi was the eldest son of Ogasawara Nagamasa, the first Ogasawara daimyō of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan (modern-day Saga Prefecture). An infant at the time of his father's death, he was bypassed in the succession by Ogasawara Nagayasu, originally the son of Sakai Tadaari of Shonai Domain. Nagayasu died without heirs, and was replaced in turn by Ogasawara Nagao, and Ogasawara Nagakazu, each of whom was adopted into the Ogasawara clan as a successor, and each of whom died without heirs.

Nagamichi was never chosen to be daimyō, but developed a political base within Karatsu Domain and was de facto ruler of the domain for much of his adult life. The final daimyō of Karatsu, Ogasawara Nagakuni attempted to end the factionalism in Karatsu by the expediency of adopting Nagakuni as his son and heir; the end result was that all power devolved to Nagamachi, leaving Nagamichi as little more than a figurehead.

Nagayuki became a prominent official in the Tokugawa shogunate, with the positions of wakadoshiyori in 1862; rōjū-kaku in 1862-1863 and in 1865; and  rōjū in 1865-1866 and in 1866-1868.  During these periods, he was primarily involved with foreign affairs, and was one of the senior Japanese officials during negotiations with Great Britain over reparations following the Namamugi Incident.
In 1868, with the start of the Boshin War, Karatsu Domain remained strongly in support of the Tokugawa bakufu. Karatsu domain was a fudai domain, unlike the neighboring Nabashima domains, which were of tozama domain status. The Ogasawara remained loyal to the Tokugawa to the end, with Nagamichi and many samurai accompanying the remnants of the Tokugawa army north to join the Northern Alliance and then the Republic of Ezo, fighting in the Battle of Hakodate.

After the war, Nagamichi lived in retirement in Tokyo. In June 1869, the title of daimyō was abolished, and in 1871, Karatsu domain itself was abolished with the abolition of the han system, and became part of the new Saga Prefecture.

His son, Admiral Ogasawara Naganari, became a viscount under the new kazoku peerage system; however, Nagamichi was not awarded a title, perhaps due to his involvement with the pro-Tokugawa side in the Boshin War. However, his lower 5th court rank was raised to 4th court rank in June 1880. He died in Tokyo in 1891.

See also
 Ogasawara clan

References

Further reading
 Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001.   (cloth)]
Sasaki Suguru (2002). Boshin sensō: haisha no Meiji ishin. Tokyo: Chuōkōron-shinsha.

Daimyo
Ogasawara clan
Rōjū
Wakadoshiyori
People of the Boshin War
1822 births
1891 deaths

Ogasawara Nagamichi


The Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1794 (34 Geo. 3. c. 54) was an Act passed by the British Parliament. The Act's long title was An act to empower his Majesty to secure and detain such persons as his Majesty shall suspect are conspiring against his person and government.

Text
The Act declared:

Whereas a traitorous and detestable conspiracy has been formed for subverting the existing laws and constitution, and for introducing the system of anarchy and confusion which has so fatally prevailed in France: therefore, for the better preservation of his Majesty's sacred person, and for securing the peace and the laws and liberties of this kingdom; be it enacted...That every person or persons that are or shall be in prison within the kingdom of Great Britain at or upon the day on which this act shall receive his Majesty's royal assent, or after, by warrant of his said Majesty's most honourable privy council, signed by six of the said privy council, for high treason, suspicion of high treason, or treasonable practices, or by warrant, signed by any of his Majesty's secretaries of state, for such causes as aforesaid, may be detained in safe custody, without bail or main-prize, until the first day of February one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five; and that no judge or justice of the peace shall bail or try any such person or persons so committed, without order from his said Majesty's privy council signed by six of the said privy council, till the said first day of February one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five; any law or statute to the contrary notwithstanding...

Section 3 of the Act preserved the privilege of Parliament.

Background

Government spies had penetrated the Society for Constitutional Information, and were reporting a surge in its activity and much dangerous talk of a convention rather than parliamentary reform. France sent an agent to Ireland to assess the support a French invasion would have and the agent was arrested in late April 1795. On 12 May the secretary of the London Corresponding Society, Thomas Hardy, was arrested. The next day another radical, John Thelwall, was arrested and the Prime Minister, William Pitt, appointed a secret committee of the House of Commons to examine the confiscated papers of the London societies. Although this action only affected the London Corresponding Society directly, the Society of the Friends of the People and other similar societies disbanded out of fear because of this and similar actions taken by the government.

On 16 May the committee submitted its first report, saying there was a conspiracy and called for the suspension of habeas corpus for eight months. The bill passed the Commons by 146 votes to 28, after fourteen obstructing divisions by Foxite Whigs. The Act was extended to 1 July 1795 (35 Geo. 3. c. 3) in a series of debates in January and February 1795. In June 1795 the government lifted the suspension of habeas corpus.

Notes

See also
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act

Habeas corpus
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1794
Political repression in the United Kingdom

Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1794


Wausaukee is a town in Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. The estimated population was 573 in 2011. The Village of Wausaukee is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Cedarville is located partially in the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 77.4 square miles (200.6 km2), of which, 75.7 square miles (196.1 km2) of it is land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2) of it (2.21%) is water.

The Wausaukee River flows through the town into the Menominee River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,196 people, 469 households, and 354 families residing in the town. The population density was 15.8 people per square mile (6.1/km2). There were 1,036 housing units at an average density of 13.7 per square mile (5.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.49% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 469 households, out of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 31.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,530, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $32,337 versus $20,476 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,610. About 2.9% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
Wausaukee (City and Town) website

Towns in Marinette County, Wisconsin
Marinette micropolitan area
Towns in Wisconsin

Wausaukee (town), Wisconsin


The Philippines women's national basketball team is managed by the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP).

Compared to the men's national team, the women's national team receives less reception from local basketball enthusiasts. Locally based players has no national league to play in after college which has a few leagues such as the WNCAA, Filoil Premier Cup, and Fr. Martin's Cup. The women's national team has been playing at Level II at the FIBA Asia Championship for Women for the past few editions of the tournament. Again in contrast of their men counterpart who were often describe as powerhouses in the Southeast Asia region, the women's national team has been behind Thailand and Malaysia in the past few years.

History

Early history

Women's basketball in the Philippines dates back as early as the 1910s. Basketball was first introduced to the Philippine public school system by the Americans as a women's sort in 1910 and was played in Interscholastic meets in 1911 until 1913. The sport used by Americans to promote good health and motherhood and citizenry grew in popularity among women. Women's basketball met opposition from conservative groups, particularly the Catholic Church who view bloomers worn by women basketball players as inappropriate. By the time skirts were allowed to be worn above bloomers as a compromise, women's basketball is already in the decline and is only played in provincial and local interscholastic meets. Indoor softball and as well as volleyball became the more preferred sport for Filipino women.

SBP era (2007–present)

Perlas Pilipinas 1.0 (2007–2015)
On 2007, Discovery Suites, a hotel brand, became the main sponsor of the women's national team. On 2008, Haydee Ong was appointed as head coach of the women's national team replacing Matthew "Fritz" Gaston, who guided the team to a bronze medal finish at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games in Thailand and a silver medal finish at the 2007 SEABA Championship for Women. Under Ong, the team won the gold medal at the 2010 SEABA Championship for Women, the country's first medal at the said tournament. The team previously won silver during the 1995, 1997, and 2007 editions of the tournament.

The team pushed for the naturalization of 6'3" tall Chinese, Zheng Xiaojing, a move parallel to the naturalization of American-born Marcus Douthit for the men's national team. Zheng's naturalization process started with the filing of House Bill 02683 by Congressman Roberto Puno of Antipolo in August, about the same time as Douthit's. Head coach Ong lobbied the SBP and the Philippine Congress to hasten the naturalization process of Zheng so that she can join the national team for the 2011 editions of the FIBA Asia Championship and the Southeast Asian Games While Douthit was eventually naturalized, Zheng's naturalization was in limbo. In August 2014, team manager, Cynthia Tiu said that the team will focus on developing homegrown players than resort to naturalizing players. Tiu said that Zheng was disappointed but also said that a re-filing of her petition for naturalization cannot be done since Zheng is already married.

Perlas Pilipinas 2.0 (2015–2019)
The SBP appointed Patrick Aquino as the new head coach of the national team. His first task will be to guide the national team at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games. Ever Bilena Cosmetics, Inc. has been made the new sponsor of the national team. SBP executive director Sonny Barrios pointed out the decision to make changes in the coaching staff of the women's team was made after discussions among members of the search and screening committee, which is composed of several basketball stakeholders.

In a historic run, Perlas officially promoted in the Level 1 of the FIBA Asia Women's Championships that will held in 2017, after the win against India, 82–76.

Gilas Pilipinas Women (2019–present)
In May 2019, the SBP announced that the Gilas Pilipinas name would be used across all its sporting programs for the men's, men's youth (men's under-19 and men's under-17), men's 3x3 and women's teams. Aquino assumed responsibility over the Gilas Pilipinas Women program.

Gilas Women attained their best finish at the FIBA Women's Asia Cup in the 2023 edition. They avoided the relegation playoff for the very first time by at least one group stage game at the expense of Chinese Taipei – also their first group stage win since their promotion to the first division in 2015. They finished sixth overall in a tournament of eight teams.

Fixtures and results

Medal count

Competitions

World Cup

Olympic Games

Asia Cup

Asian Games

SEABA Championship

Southeast Asian Games

Other tournaments

Team

Current roster
Philippines roster at the 2022 Asian Games.

Past rosters
Note: Olympics, World Championships, Asian Games, Asian Championships only.

Coaches
 Ricardo Roces (c. 1997)
 Fritz Gaston (2003–2007)
 Haydee Ong (2008–2014)
 Patrick Aquino (2015–present)

References

External links

FIBA Profile

Women's basketball in the Philippines
Women's national basketball teams
1936 establishments in the Philippines


Willam Henry Sleeman (KCB) (n. 8 august 1788 în Stratton (Cornwall), Anglia – d. 12 mai 1856 la bordul unei nave lângă Sri Lanka) a fost un administrator și criminalist britanic. El a reușit între anii 1820 - 1830 să descopere și să elimine organizația criminală indiană "Thuggee" (Înșelătorii) care căutau să câștige încrederea călătorilor după care îi ucideau și jefuiau.

Bibliografie
 The story of the Byza Bae. Von Sleeman selbst gedruckt und hg. Ohne Ort. Ohne Jahr (Jabalpur 1827). – Eine Photokopie des Exemplars der Ames Library, St. Paul, Minnesota ist als Mikrofilm erhältlich: London: Rank Xerox 196-?
 On Taxes, or public revenue; the ultimate incident of their payment, their disbursement and the seats of their ultimate consumption. By an Officer in the military and civil service of the East India Company [i.e. William Henry Sleeman]. London 1829.
 Ramaseeana, or a vocabulary of the peculiar language used by the Thugs, with an introduction and appendix, descriptive of the system pursued by that fraternity and of the measures which have been adopted … for its suppression. 2 Bände, Huttmann, Kalkutta 1836.
 A Report on the system of Megpunnaism, or the murder of indigent parents for their young children … as it prevails in the Delhie Territories, etc. Serampore 1839.
 Die Thags oder Phansigars von Indien. Geschichte von Aufstieg und Entwicklung einer außergewöhnlichen Mörderzunft. Mit den "Notizen über die Thags" von Captain P. A. Reynolds aus dem Jahr 1837. Vollständige Ausgabe, aus dem Englischen übersetzt und herausgegeben von Thomas Kohl. Originaltitel: The Thugs or Phansigars of India: Comprising a history of the rise and progress of that extraordinary fraternity of assassins; and a description of the system which it pursues, and of the measures which have been adopted by the Supreme Government of India for its suppression. Compiled from original and authentic documents published by Captain W. H. Sleeman, Superintendent of Thug Police. 2 Bände in 1, Carey & Hart, Philadelphia 1839; Gutenberg Buchhandlung, Mainz 2009. Nachdruck der englischen Ausgabe bei Kessinger Publishing (unvollständig), ein digitalisiertes Exemplar der Harvard College Library als PDF unter www.books.google.com (dort fehlt S. 8).
 Report on the depredations committed by the Thug Gangs of Upper and Central India, from the cold season of 1836-37, down to their gradual suppression … in the year 1839. Bengal Military Orphan Press, Kalkutta 1840.
 An Account of Wolves nurturing Children in their dens. By an Indian Official [i.e. Sir W. H. Sleeman]. A reprint of the pamphlet published in 1852, 1888. In: Periodical Publications. London. The Zoologist, 3. Serie, Band 12. 1843 (Über Wolfskinder in Zentralindien)
 Rambles and recollections of an Indian official. Hatchard, London 1844 [Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official.] Mufid-i-am Press, Lahore 1888 [Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official.] 2 Bände 1893. Rambles and recollections of an Indian official. Revised annotated ed. by Vincent A. Smith. Karachi. OUP, London 1973. Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official. Revised annotated edition by Vincent A. Smith. With a portrait, bibliography and map. Milford, London 1915.
 Report on Budhuk, alias Bagree Decoits, and other gang robbers by hereditary profession; and on the measures adopted by the Government of India for their suppression. With a map. Bengal Military Orphan Press, Kalkutta 1849.
 Diary of a tour through Oude, in December 1849, & January & February, 1850. Lucknow 1852.
 Sleeman in Oudh. An abridgement of W.H. Sleeman's "A journey through the kingdom of Oude in 1849–50". edited with an introduction and notes by P.D. Reeves. Cambridge UP, London 1971.
 A Journey through the Kingdom of Oude in 1849–1850. … With private correspondence relative to the annexation of Oude to British India, etc. 2 Bände, London 1858.
 The history of the reigning family of Oude. Rank-Xerox, London [196-?] Photocopy of an unpublished book in the possession of the Ames Library.
 Iconoclastes on the princes and territorial chiefs of India. Cheltenham 1853. Includes bibliographical references.
 Thug, or A Million Murders, etc. An account of the suppression of thuggee by Sir W. H. Sleeman. With plates, including a portrait. Sampson Low, London 1933.
 Thug, or a million murders. With a foreword by William T.F. Horwood. Pilgrims, Delhi 1998.

Legături externe
 Index

Nașteri în 1788
Decese în 1856
Funcționari britanici
Criminaliști britanici

William Henry Sleeman


Robert Kwame Mensah (born 2 November 1935) is a Ghanaian politician and teacher. He served as member of the first parliament of the second republic of Ghana for Nkwanta constituency in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Early life and education
Robert Kwame Mensah, an indigene of the Volta Region of Ghana was born on 2 November 1935. He attended Roman Catholic and Local Authority Schools, Kete-Krachi and Teteman-Buem and obtained respectively a Teachers' Training Certificate, G.C.E (General Certificate of Education) "O" and "A" levels.

Politics
Robert Kwame Mensah was elected during the 1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election as member of the first parliament of the second republic of Ghana on the ticket of the Progress Party. He was on seat from 1 October 1969 to 13 January 1972.

Personal life
He is a Catholic.

References

1935 births
Ghanaian MPs 1969–1972
Ghanaian educators
Politicians from Volta Region
Progress Party (Ghana) politicians
Ghanaian Roman Catholics
Living people
20th-century Ghanaian politicians

Robert Kwame Mensah


Classified as a "conversion disorder" by the DSM-IV, a psychogenic disease is a disease in which mental stressors cause physical symptoms of different diseases. The manifestation of physical symptoms without biologically identifiable causes results from disruptions of processes in the brain from psychological stress. During a psychogenic disease, neuroimaging has shown that neural circuits affecting functions such as emotion, executive functioning, perception, movement, and volition are inhibited. These disruptions become strong enough to prevent the brain from voluntarily allowing certain actions (e.g. moving a limb). When the brain is unable to signal to the body to perform an action voluntarily, physical symptoms of a disease are presented even though there is no biological identifiable cause. Examples of diseases that are believed by many to be psychogenic include psychogenic seizures, psychogenic polydipsia, psychogenic tremor, and psychogenic pain.

The term psychogenic disease is often used in a similar way to psychosomatic disease. However, the term psychogenic usually implies that psychological factors played a key causal role in the development of the illness. The term psychosomatic is often used in a broader way to describe illnesses with a known medical cause where psychological factors may nonetheless play a role (e.g., asthma can be exacerbated by anxiety).

Diagnosis
With the advent of medical screening technologies, such as electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, psychogenic diseases are becoming much more common as medical professionals have increasingly precise tools to monitor patients. When a patient does not display typical markers of a disorder that could show up from medical exams, physicians typically diagnose a patient's symptoms as being psychogenic. Research into understanding psychogenic disorders has led to the development of both electronic diagnostic tests for ruling out the usual biological markers of a disorder and new clinical observation procedures. An example of something a physician would look for when testing for psychogenic symptoms is if the symptom changes with suggestion (e.g. a patient is told to use a tuning fork to aid symptoms in a movement disorder).

Despite the understanding of psychogenic symptoms, there are some problems with the assumption that all medically unexplained illness must have a psychological cause. It remains possible that genetic, biochemical, electrophysiological, or other abnormalities may be present which we do not have the technology or background to identify. Some patients may also have their symptoms diagnosed as psychogenic even with a lack of evidence to suggest there are psychological causes. Misdiagnoses of psychogenic disease may be simply accidental, but they can also come from bias. For example, a doctor with a bias towards men may tell women that their symptoms are psychogenic, despite them being actual symptoms for a physical disease. This would then be contrasted with a man experiencing the same symptoms being treated differently, with the physical disease being detected.

See also

Functional symptom
Habit cough
Mass psychogenic illness
Psychogenic amnesia
Psychological trauma
Psychoneuroimmunology

References

Further reading
 Lim, Erle C. H.; Seet, Raymond C. S. (2007). "What Is the Place for Placebo in the Management of Psychogenic Disease?". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 100 (2): 60–61. doi:10.1258/jrsm.100.2.60. PMC 1790983. PMID 17277261.
 Sykes, Richard (2010). "Medically Unexplained Symptoms and the Siren 'Psychogenic Inference'". Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 17 (4): 289–299. doi:10.1353/ppp.2010.0034. ISSN 1086-3303
 Jannini, E. A., McCabe, M. P., Salonia, A., Montorsi, F., & Sachs, B. D. (2010). Controversies in sexual medicine: Organic vs. psychogenic? The Manichean diagnosis in sexual medicine. The journal of sexual medicine, 7(5), 1726–1733.
 Colligan, M. J. (1981). Mass psychogenic illness: Some clarification and perspectives. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 23(9), 635–638.
 Bransfield, R. C., & Friedman, K. J. (2019, December). Differentiating Psychosomatic, Somatopsychic, Multisystem Illnesses and Medical Uncertainty. In Healthcare (Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 114). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.

Behavioural sciences
Types of mental disorders
Mind–body interventions

Psychogenic disease


The hymenostomes are an order of ciliate protozoa.  Most are free-living in freshwater, such as the commonly studied genus Tetrahymena, but some are parasitic on fish or aquatic invertebrates.  Among these is the important species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a common cause of death in aquaria and fish farms.

The hymenostomes are fairly typical members of the Oligohymenophorea.  Their body cilia are mostly uniform, sometimes with a few long caudal cilia, and arise from monokinetids or from dikinetids at the anterior.  The oral cilia are in general distinctly tetrahymenal, with three membranelles and a paroral membrane, which corresponds only to the middle segment of the tripartite membranes found in certain scuticociliates.  Mouth formation during cell division usually begins next to a postoral kinety.

The hymenostomes were first defined by Delage & Hérouard in 1896.  Initially the scuticociliates and peniculids were included, then later treated as separate orders of a subclass Hymenostomatia, to which the astomes are sometimes added.  More recently each of these groups tends to be treated as a separate subclass.

References

Oligohymenophorea

Hymenostome


Anna Ingeborg Caroline Tolderlund née Møller (1848–1935) was a Danish women's rights activist and suffragist. On behalf of the Danish Women's Society, in 1906 she established a local chapter in her native Thisted in the north of Jutland which she chaired until 1927. She is also remembered for her support of Thisted's music association (Thisted Musikforening) which she headed for almost 20 years.

Early life and family
Born on 21 January 1848 in Nykøbing Falster, Anna Ingeborg Caroline Møller was the daughter of Lorents Conrad Møller (1807–66) and Johanne Marie Elisabeth Schrader (born 1812). When she was four, she moved with her parents and elder sister to Copenhagen where she was raised in a well-to-do environment rich in cultural and political contacts. In 1874, she married her cousin Lorentz Conrad Møller, a physician, and moved with him to Thisted. After his early death, she married another physician, Julius Christopher Tolderlund.

Professional life
Rather than raising children, she devoted her energy to cultural and political activities, inviting leading figures to her home where she organized concerts and meetings. She took a special interest in women's emancipation, lecturing on famous Danish women such as Leonora Christina. In 1901, she helped found the local music association which she chaired from 1907 for almost 20 years. An able pianist herself, she did her utmost to invite outstanding performers, sometimes acting as an accompanist.

Her interest in the women's movement began before the turn of the century. In 1906, she established a local branch of the Danish Women's Society in Thisted, prioritizing women's voting rights and eligibility. From 1909, she was a board member of the Women's Society itself, helping to establish additional branches in the north of Jutland. When Danish women were given the vote in 1915, she planted the so-called Women's Oak at Sjørring Vold to the west of the city. She was an active member of the Conservative electoral association and was a candidate in the 1918 elections but was not successful.

Ingeborg Tolderlund died in Thisted on 17 January 1935. She is buried in Thisted's Søndre Kirkegaard.

References

1848 births
1935 deaths
Danish feminists
Danish suffragists
Danish women's rights activists
19th-century Danish people
People from Nykøbing Falster

Ingeborg Tolderlund