Doris Hopp (16 July 1930 – 31 October 1998) was a Swedish brothel madam who organized a network of call girls in Stockholm, Sweden, in the early 1970s. She was arrested on pimping charges in 1976. A police investigation soon revealed that many of Hopp's customers were well-known politicians and other dignitaries.

In November 1977, the newspaper Dagens Nyheter published allegations citing Justice Minister Lennart Geijer as one of Doris Hopp's customers. The newspaper claimed as its source a classified report in which the chief of police Carl Persson had informed Prime Minister Olof Palme of the involvement of politicians in the prostitution scandal. At the time of the scandal broke, it was legal to pay for sexual services, but the fact that politicians socialized with prostitutes was viewed as a security risk as staff from foreign embassies were also reported to frequent the brothel.

Prime Minister Palme strongly denied the allegations, accusing the newspaper of aggravated libel. The newspaper was forced into a retreat and two days after the publication Lennart Geijer received an official apology. Years later, it emerged that a few minor details aside, the newspaper's assertions had in fact been largely correct. Over the years, there has been much speculation regarding the identities of those who made use of the brothel's services. Former Prime Minister Thorbjörn Fälldin and former Centre Party leader Olof Johansson have both publicly denied frequenting Doris Hopp's brothel.

References

Specific

1930 births
1998 deaths
Swedish criminals
Swedish brothel owners and madams
People from Stockholm

Doris Hopp


The Association of Jewish Libraries (AJL) is an international organization dedicated to the production, collection, organization and dissemination of Judaic resources as a  library, media, and information service. AJL has members in the United States, Canada, Israel and over 22 other countries.

It was formed through a merger of two organizations, The Jewish Librarians Association, founded in 1946, which concerned itself with collections of Judaica in academic, archival or research institutions, and The Jewish Library Association, founded in 1962, which concerned itself with collections in the synagogue, school and community, and several other smaller libraries and media centers.

The organization has various professional development opportunities, including library training webinars and workshops, mentoring programs and continuing education opportunities. Scholarships are available to members who wish to pursue studies in Judaica and Hebraica librarianship.

Publications
The Association of Jewish Libraries publishes several serials including a scholarly journal Judaica Librarianship and the electronic quarterlies AJL  News and AJL Reviews. AJL also has an electronic mailing list called Hasafran, which is Hebrew for "the librarian".

In 2014, Judaica Librarianship became an online journal. Back issues are freely available 12 months after the publication date. The journal seeks to publish research articles and essays related to the development and management of Judaica collections in all types of libraries and archives, the initiation and coordination of digital curation projects, the creation and dissemination of information resources in all formats, and the promotion of Jewish information literacy for diverse audiences through various outreach activities.

Awards
The Association of Jewish Libraries awards the Sydney Taylor Book Award annually for books that authentically portray the Jewish experience in children's literature, the Sydney Taylor Manuscript Award for the most promising unpublished Judaic manuscript for children and the AJL Jewish Fiction Award for works of fiction for adult readers with significant Jewish thematic content.

The Association also awards the Judaica Reference and Bibliography Awards for outstanding scholarly reference works and bibliographies.

Conferences
The AJL Conference, held annually, is a valuable way for Judaica librarians to share ideas, learn, and network with their peers.

Locations of past conferences

References

External links
Official website of the Association of Jewish Libraries
Sydney Taylor Book Award Winners
Sydney Taylor Manuscript Award Winners
Reference and Bibliography Award Winners

Jewish educational organizations
Library associations

Association of Jewish Libraries


The Armed Forces March Competition was a 1954 inter-service contest among the United States Armed Forces organized by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) and the U.S. Department of Defense and convened as part of that year's observances in commemoration of the birth of John Philip Sousa. Four original marches were selected to receive ASCAP-John Philip Sousa Awards during a February ceremony at The Pentagon.

Background and rules

John Philip Sousa, the former commanding officer of "The President's Own" United States Marine Corps Band and of the Navy Band at the Great Lakes Naval Station, was born in 1854 and died in 1932. The Armed Forces March Competition was conceived of by the U.S. Department of Defense and ASCAP to commemorate the 1954 centenary of his birth.

The competition solicited original military marches from personnel of the United States Army, United States Air Force, United States Navy, and United States Marine Corps, with one entry selected from each participating force to receive an ASCAP-John Philip Sousa Award and a prize of $1,000. Entries were restricted to those composed by persons on active duty for 90 days or more by the entry deadline and only previously unpublished marches were accepted.

Judging and winners
Three-person judging panels were convened to choose each of the four winners from out of 137 submitted entries, with the first round of judging taking place in Washington, D.C., and the second round at West Point, New York. Among the judges were Albertus L. Meyers and Frank Simon, at the time the only two still-living cornet soloists to have been commanded by Sousa. The winning compositions were: representing the Navy, the "White Hat March" by Gerard Bowen; representing the Air Force, "Thunderjet March" by Lawrence M. Rosenthal; representing the Army, "Army Field Forces March" by Earl Mays; and representing the Marine Corps, the "Esprit de Corps March" by Carl Hoffman. Winners were recognized in a February 1954 ceremony at The Pentagon presided over by Admiral Arthur Radford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

See also
 Martial music

References

John Philip Sousa
1954 in American music
American military marches
March music

Armed Forces March Competition


The Oberhausen Manifesto was a declaration by a group of 26 young German filmmakers at the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia on 28 February 1962. The manifesto was a call to arms to establish a "new German feature film". It was initiated by Haro Senft and among the signatories were the directors Alexander Kluge and Edgar Reitz. The manifesto was associated with the motto "Papas Kino ist tot" (Papa's cinema is dead), although this phrase does not appear in the manifesto itself.

The signatories to the manifesto became known as the Oberhausen Group and are seen as important forerunners of the New German Cinema that began later in the decade. Their names are:
 Bodo Blüthner
 Boris von Borresholm
 Christian Doermer
 Bernhard Dörries
 Heinz Furchner
 Rob Houwer
 Ferdinand Khittl
 Alexander Kluge
 Pitt Koch
 Walter Krüttner
 Dieter Lemmel
 Hans Loeper
 Ronald Martini
 Hansjürgen Pohland
 Raimund Ruehl
 Edgar Reitz
 Peter Schamoni
 Detten Schleiermacher
 Fritz Schwennicke
 Haro Senft
 Franz-Josef Spieker
 Hans Rolf Strobel
 Heinz Tichawsky
 Wolfgang Urchs
 Herbert Vesely
 Wolf Wirth

The Oberhausen Group were awarded the Deutscher Filmpreis in 1982.

External links
Text of the Manifesto (English translation)
Text of the Manifesto (German language)
Interview with Peter Berling

Cinema of Germany
Oberhausen
20th century in North Rhine-Westphalia
1962 in Germany
1962 in film
1962 documents

Oberhausen Manifesto


Princess Elizabeth Charlotte Alexandra Mary Louise of Hesse-Kassel (; 13 June 1861 – 7 June 1955), was a Princess of Hesse-Kassel by birth and, by her marriage to Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt, the Hereditary Princess of Anhalt.

Early life
Elisabeth was born in Copenhagen, the daughter of Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Anna of Prussia, a granddaughter of Frederick William III, King of Prussia. She was the couple's second child and eldest daughter.

Biography
Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride of Leopold, Duke of Albany, the fourth son of Queen Victoria. It was said that Leopold was eager to meet Elisabeth based on news of her good reputation.  While the two met in November 1879, no marriage plans materialized.

Elisabeth became engaged in December 1883 to Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt. Leopold was the heir to the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau and the son of Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt, and Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. On 26 May 1884, the couple married in a lavish ceremony at Philippsruhe Castle in Hanau. A commemorative medal was issued for the occasion, as was common with royal marriages in the Duchy of Anhalt.

Leopold and Elisabeth had one child:
 Princess Antoinette of Anhalt (Schloss Georgium, 3 March 1885 – Dessau, 3 April 1963), married on 26 May 1909 to Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe.
Leopold died suddenly in Cannes, France, on 2 February 1886. (Coincidentally, Elisabeth's former suitor Leopold of Albany had also died suddenly in Cannes in 1884.) Antoinette was not eligible to succeed her father as the Hereditary Princess of Anhalt due to the Salic Law, so Leopold's claim was inherited by his younger brother, the future Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt. Elisabeth never remarried and survived her husband by nearly 70 years. She died in Dessau 7 June 1955, less than a week before her 94th birthday. She is buried in Dessau.

Ancestry

References

1861 births
1955 deaths
Princesses of Hesse
House of Hesse-Kassel
Expatriates in Denmark

Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Kassel


Tony Bromell (1932 – 3 January 2017) was an educationist and Fianna Fáil politician from Limerick in Ireland.

Born in Limerick in 1932, Bromell been a member of Fianna Fáil all his life, and was a member of Limerick City Council for 17 years, serving as Mayor of Limerick from 1982 to 1983.  He was also briefly a senator, after winning a by-election to the 18th Seanad for the Industrial and Commercial Panel on 19 December 1988, following the death of Fine Gael senator Jack Daly.

Bromell was registrar in Mary Immaculate College from 1967 until he retired in 1998.  As chair of  Chair of Limerick's Vocational Education Committee (VEC) in 1973, he was heavily involved in the establishment of the College of Art, Commerce and Technology (now TUS Limerick). He was also a founding member of a pressure group established in 1958 to campaign for a university for Limerick, which resulted the establishment in 1970 of the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE), and as a senator he was able to welcome the bill which in 1989 elevated NIHE to Limerick University.

References

1932 births
2017 deaths
Fianna Fáil senators
Members of the 18th Seanad
Mayors of Limerick (city)
Irish educational theorists
Industrial and Commercial Panel senators

Tony Bromell


The A217 is a road in London and Surrey in England. It runs north–south. It runs from Kings Road in Fulham, London, crosses the Thames at Wandsworth Bridge, then passes through Wandsworth, Earlsfield, Summerstown, Tooting, Mitcham, Rosehill and Sutton Common in Sutton, then Cheam. Then, widened as a dual carriageway, comes Belmont, a suburban district built on a slope rising southward. On the North Downs in Surrey the road then skirts past Banstead and through its late 19th century offspring villages particularly Burgh Heath and Kingswood, Surrey. It then crosses the M25 motorway at Junction 8, then, returning to single carriageways, passes through the castle town of Reigate. It then cuts through the green buffer farmland of two rural villages and terminates at the road network at Gatwick Airport's northern perimeter.

Route

Fulham to Tooting
The A217 starts as a non-primary A-road named Wandsworth Bridge Road, Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham and runs for 0.8 miles (1.3 km) before crossing over the River Thames at Wandsworth Bridge. The road enters the town and London borough of Wandsworth. The road turns right at a roundabout on to Swandon Way, becoming a primary route for a short stretch (as a continuation of the A3205), before passing Wandsworth Town railway station. It is briefly called Fairfield St before meeting the A3 (Wandsworth High St.).

The road reverts to non-primary status, and changes name to Garratt Lane, passing Southside shopping centre, before it heads out of Wandsworth and into Earlsfield. It passes the B234 shortly before reaching Earlsfield railway station. It continues through Summerstown as Garratt Lane and the road passes the B229 (Burntwood Lane) before it reaches Streatham Cemetery.

In Lower Tooting, it meets Tooting Broadway, a busy junction with the A24 and tube station, before becoming Mitcham Road and passing the B241 (Rectory Lane). It passes Tooting railway station and this is where the road exits the London Borough of Wandsworth.

Mitcham to Belmont

It becomes London Road as it enters the London Borough of Merton. It continues through the one-way system at Mitcham and passes Mitcham tram station before becoming Bishopsford Road.

The road enters the St Helier Estate, firstly in the Morden area before the Carshalton part in the [London Borough of Sutton.] The road reaches Rosehill, which contains a busy 6-way roundabout, before becoming a primary class A-road as it becomes Reigate Avenue (effectively the Sutton by-pass.) As the Sutton by-pass, the road passes the B279 (Sutton Common Road) and Sutton Common area, which changes name to Oldfields Road and passes the Tesco superstore in the Kimpton Park commercial and industrial area on the edge of North Cheam. It passes a crossroads with Gander Green Lane and becomes St Dunstans Hill before reaching a junction in Cheam with the A232 (High St and Ewell Road). It becomes Belmont Rise and goes past a crossroads with Northey Avenue and the road leaves the suburban area of Belmont, as well as Greater London.

Bishopsford Road Bridge

Details

The A217 crosses the River Wandle in Mitcham on Bishopsford Road Bridge, also known as Mitcham Bridge.

Flood and collapse

On 10 June 2019, unusually high river waters began while the bridge was being surfaced.  Jack posts had been placed underneath to support the vehicles and machinery.  These trapped debris (branches, weeds etc.) for four days.

The pent-up head of water surged through causing Bridge scour (eroding) up to  deep and undermined the bridge footings. This led to the partial collapse of the northern arch on 14 June 2019.  The southern arch was unaffected and the central arch suffered minor structural damage. Due to the collapse, the road is anticipated to reopen by the onset of Summer 2021.

The Borough Council's repair work involved FM Conway and the Environment Agency. They have stabilised the bridge, pre-inspection and repair. Crack-injection and underpinning has secured the central arch. Bed scouring to the west has been filled with stone and gravel; that under the north arch, with marine concrete.

Works halted for insurance investigators to inspect for evidence of liability.

Banstead to Lower Kingswood
At the road enters Surrey, it meets the B2230 again at a roundabout to the south of Belmont before entering the notorious 'Mad Mile' section (Brighton Road). The speed limit changes from 40 to 70 mph (113 km/h), quickly down to 60 mph and returns to 40 mph at the Banstead Crossroads junction with the A2022.

For the next 5 miles, the road has an unbroken chain of average speed cameras, all of which the speed limit is 40 mph. In this area the road passes Banstead Downs, and its golf course. After passing the Banstead Crossroads, it acts as a boundary between Nork and Banstead as it heads towards Burgh Heath, passing the junctions with Garratts Lane (B2219) and Tattenham Way (B2221) before reaching the A240 (Reigate Road) at the centre of Burgh Heath.

It passes near the large suburban villages of Tadworth and Kingswood, passing several B-roads, including the B2032. It travels beside Banstead Heath (still as Brighton Road) before reaching the small settlement of Lower Kingswood. After passing a roundabout near Kingswood Manor, the road arrives at the Reigate Hill Interchange, which is also Junction 8 of the M25.

Reigate to Horley
At this point, the A217 becomes a non-primary A-road. It is now named Reigate Hill, in a very steep section of the North Downs. The area become more urban at the bottom of the hill, on the northern outskirts of the town of Reigate. It passes through a level crossing next to Reigate station. It runs concurrently with the A25 through the main one-way system of Reigate town centre. It carries on through the localities of Woodhatch and Doversgreen before going into a very rural area. It travels over the River Mole in the small hamlet of Sidlow. After a period of farms, the road passes the village of Hookwood, taking a left turn at a roundabout. Continuing past Povey Cross, the road reaches Longbridge Roundabout on the border with West Sussex.

Landmarks on the route
Wandsworth Bridge
The converted Young's Brewery
South Thames College and Southside Wandsworth
Earlsfield railway station
Tooting Broadway tube station
Tooting railway station
Figges Marsh (Park), Tooting
Mitcham Cricket Green
Mitcham tram stop and Station House
Rosehill Recreation Ground
Banstead Downs
Banstead Heath
Reigate College, Town Hall and castle ruins/tunnel
Sidlow Bridge over the River Mole, Surrey
Holiday Inn Gatwick/Longbridge Roundabout/Best Western Gatwick Moat House

Illegal racing at Banstead
The stretch of the A217 nicknamed The Mad Mile has been a focal point of illegal street racing since the mid-20th century. It is a straight length of dual carriageway which runs downhill from the Banstead crossroads with the A2022 to the roundabout with the B2230 near Belmont.

The road's notoriety developed shortly after World War II due to the increasing affordability and popularity of motorbikes and cars. During the early 1980s, bikers illegally marked out "starting grids" at either end of the Mile on more than one occasion, which were later scrubbed out by the local authority; this activity restarted in the early 2000s among wayward modified car enthusiasts, whose races would often take place on Thursday nights. Information regarding races spread quickly through increasing use of the Internet and some participants and spectators travelled to races from as far away as Birmingham. Police presence gradually diffused this illegal activity, but it has not completely disappeared. Measures to stop these races include barriers erected on the centre grass verge which runs the length of this stretch, where people used to park to watch illegal road use.

Fatal incidents

In August 2006 two men illegally racing along this stretch of a public highway caused an accident that killed three people, a separate offence, and were sentenced to imprisonment for a term of years. Aggravating the offence committed, the conviction found from the evidence in the case that the two men were driving recklessly at a speed much faster than the  limit on the road at the point of the accident.

References

External links
SABRE Roads By Ten – A217

Roads in West Sussex
Roads in London
Roads in Surrey
Streets in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Streets in the London Borough of Wandsworth
Transport in the London Borough of Merton
Transport in the London Borough of Sutton

A217 road


Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919November 7, 2004), professionally Howard Keel,  was an American actor and singer known for his rich bass-baritone singing voice. He starred in a number of MGM musicals in the 1950s and in the television series Dallas from 1981 to 1991.

Early life
Keel was born in Gillespie, Illinois,  the younger of two sons born to Navyman-turned-coalminer Homer Keel and his wife, Grace Margaret (née Osterkamp). Howard's elder brother was Frederick William Keel. After his father's death in 1930, Keel and his mother moved to California, where he graduated from Fallbrook High School at age 17. He worked various odd jobs until settling at Douglas Aircraft Company as a "traveling representative". He was a long haul truck driver.

In the 1950s, the MGM publicity department  stated that Keel's birth name was Harold Leek.

Career
At age 20, Keel was overheard singing by his landlady Mom Rider and was encouraged to take vocal lessons. One of his music heroes was the great baritone Lawrence Tibbett. Keel later remarked that learning that his own voice was a basso cantante was one of the greatest disappointments of his life. Nevertheless, his first public performance took place in the summer of 1941 when he played the role of Samuel the Prophet in Handel's oratorio Saul (singing a duet with bass-baritone George London).

In 1945, he made his Broadway debut as a vacation replacement for John Raitt in Carousel, playing the role of Billy Bigelow from August 20 - September 8, 1945. Two weeks later, on September 24, he took over the lead role of Curly in Oklahoma!, playing across the street at the St. James Theatre. He temporarily left Oklahoma! to fill-in once again for John Raitt, this time from June 3 - August 31, 1946, returning to Oklahoma! afterwards. In 1947, Oklahoma! became the first American postwar musical to travel to London, England, and Keel joined the production. On April 30, 1947, at the Drury Lane Theatre, the capacity audience (which included the future Queen Elizabeth II) demanded 14 encores.

Keel made his film debut as Harold Keel at the British Lion studio in Elstree, in The Small Voice (1948), released in the United States as The Hideout. He played an escaped convict holding a playwright and his wife hostage in their English country cottage. Additional Broadway credits include Saratoga, No Strings, and Ambassador. He appeared at The Muny in St. Louis as Adam in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1978), Emile de Becque in South Pacific (1992), and as General Waverly in White Christmas (2000).

MGM

From London's West End, Keel went to Hollywood in 1949 where he was engaged by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio. He made his musical film debut as Frank Butler in the film version of Irving Berlin's Annie Get Your Gun (1950), co-starring with Betty Hutton. The film was a big hit and established Keel as a star.

MGM put him with Esther Williams in Pagan Love Song (1950), which was successful, but not as profitable as most Esther Williams films because it went over budget. Keel had a third hit in a row with the comedy Three Guys Named Mike (1951), supporting Van Johnson and Jane Wyman.

Even more popular was Show Boat (1951), where Keel played the male lead with Kathryn Grayson and Ava Gardner. Keel was reunited with Williams in Texas Carnival (1952). He had his first flop at MGM with the comedy Callaway Went Thataway (1952) co-starring Fred MacMurray and Dorothy McGuire. Lovely to Look At (1952), with Grayson and based on the stage musical Roberta, was popular but lost money.

MGM tried him in the adventure film Desperate Search (1953), which was poorly received. So too was the comedy Fast Company (1953). More popular was Ride, Vaquero! (1953),  with Gardner and Robert Taylor.

Warner Bros borrowed Keel to play Wild Bill Hickok with Doris Day in Calamity Jane (1953), another hit. Back at MGM, he and Grayson made Kiss Me Kate (1953), which again was liked by the public but unprofitable. The same went for Rose Marie (1954) which Keel made with Ann Blyth. However Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) with Jane Powell was a huge success, and it made MGM over $3 million in profit.

Keel was one of many guest stars in Deep in My Heart (1954). He and Williams made Jupiter's Darling (1955), which lost MGM over $2 million - the first Williams movie to lose money. Kismet (1955) with Blyth also lost over $2 million, and Keel was released from his MGM contract.

Post-MGM
He returned to his first love, the stage. In 1957, he was in a short-lived revival of Carousel. Keel's next film was made in Britain, the thriller Floods of Fear (1959). He returned to Hollywood to play Simon-Peter in the Biblical epic The Big Fisherman (1960). In 1959-1960, he was in the short-lived Broadway musical Saratoga.  Keel went to Europe to make the low-budget film Armored Command (1961). In England, he starred in The Day of the Triffids (1962).

As America's taste in entertainment changed, finding jobs became more difficult for Keel. The 1960s held limited prospects for career advancement and consisted primarily of nightclub work, B-Westerns and summer stock. He did Carousel in 1962 and 1966. He replaced Richard Kiley on Broadway in No Strings (1962). Keel starred in Westerns for A. C. Lyles: Waco (1966), Red Tomahawk (1966) and Arizona Bushwhackers (1968). He had a supporting part in the John Wayne movie The War Wagon (1967).

In early 1970, Keel met Judy Magamoll, who was 25 years younger than he and who knew nothing about his stardom. Years later, Keel called the relationship love at first sight, but the age difference bothered him tremendously. For Magamoll, however, it was not a problem, and with the aid of Robert Frost's poem "What Fifty Said", she convinced him to proceed with their relationship. He resumed his routine of nightclub, cabaret and summer stock.

From 1971 to 1972, Keel appeared briefly in the West End and Broadway productions of the musical Ambassador, which flopped. In 1974, Keel became a father for the fourth time with the birth of his daughter Leslie Grace. In January 1986, he underwent double heart bypass surgery.

Dallas
Keel continued to tour with his wife and daughter in tow, but by 1980 had decided to make his life change. He moved his family to Oklahoma with the intention of joining an oil company. The family had barely settled down when Keel was called to California to appear with Jane Powell on an episode of The Love Boat. While there, he was told that the producers of the television series Dallas wanted to speak with him.

In 1981, after several guest appearances, Keel joined the show permanently as the dignified but hot-tempered oil baron Clayton Farlow. Starting with an appearance on the fourth season, the character had been meant as a semi-replacement patriarch for the series' Jock Ewing played by Jim Davis, who had died. However, Clayton was such a hit among viewers that he was made a series regular and stayed until its end in 1991. Not only did Dallas revive his acting career, it revived his recording endeavors.

Recording career
With renewed fame, Keel commenced his first solo recording career, at age 64, as well as a successful concert career in the UK. He released the album With Love in 1984, which sold poorly. However, his album And I Love You So reached #6 in the UK Albums Chart and #37 in Australia in 1984. The follow-up album, Reminiscing – The Howard Keel Collection peaked at #20 in the UK Albums Chart, spending 12 weeks in this listing in 1985 and 1986. The album also peaked at #83 in Australia.

In 1988, the album Just for You reached #51 in the UK Albums Chart. In 1994, Keel and Magamoll moved to Palm Desert, California. The Keels were active in community charity events, and attended the annual Howard Keel Golf Classic at Mere Golf Club in Cheshire, England, which raised money for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). Keel attended the event for many years until 2004.

Honors
Keel received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 8 February 1960. It is located at 6253 Hollywood Boulevard.

A Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars was dedicated to him in 1996.

Keel was a member of the Grand Order of Water Rats.

In 2019, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Personal life and death
In 1943, Keel met and married actress Rosemary Cooper. They divorced in 1948. During the London run of Oklahoma! Keel met Helen Anderson, a member of the show's chorus, and they married in January 1949. Keel and Helen divorced in 1970. Keel married airline flight attendant Judy Magamoll in December 1970.

Keel had four children: three with second wife, Helen Anderson (two daughters, Kaija Liane and Kirstine Elizabeth; and a son, Gunnar Louis; one by his third wife of 34 years, Judy (a daughter, Leslie Grace); and 10 grandchildren, including actor Bodie Olmos.

Keel died at his Palm Desert home on November 7, 2004, six weeks after being diagnosed with colon cancer.

Filmography

Film

Television

Stage work

 Oklahoma! (1945–46; 1947)
 Carousel (1946; 1957; 1962; 1966)
 South Pacific (1957; 1965; 1978; 1992)
 Mister Roberts (1959)
 Saratoga (1959)
 Kismet (1962)
 No Strings (1962–63)
 Show Boat (1963)
 Camelot (1964)
 Kiss Me, Kate (1964)
 On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1967)
 The Fantasticks (1968)
 The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1971–1972; 1973)
 Ambassador (1971–72)
 The Most Happy Fella (1971)
 Man of La Mancha (1972)
 Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1978)
 Paint Your Wagon (1979)
 I Do! I Do! (1980)
 My Fair Lady (1996)
 White Christmas (2000)

References

Sources
 Leiby, Bruce R. (2007). "Keel, (Clifford) Howard." The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. Charles Scribner's Sons.

External links

 Photographs and literature on Howard Keel

1919 births
2004 deaths
American bass-baritones
American male dancers
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
American male pop singers
American Methodists
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Male actors from Illinois
Male actors from San Diego
American male Shakespearean actors
American male stage actors
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Singers from Illinois
Singers from California
People from Gillespie, Illinois
People from Palm Desert, California
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers

Howard Keel


Kathleen Esther Garman, Lady Epstein (15 May 1901 – August 1979) was the third of the seven Garman sisters, who were high-profile members of artistic circles in mid-20th century London, renowned for their beauty and scandalous behaviour. She was the model and longtime mistress of British/American sculptor Jacob Epstein, and eventually his second wife. They met in 1921 and immediately began a relationship that lasted until Epstein's death and produced three of Epstein's five children. Their daughter, Kitty Garman, was the first wife of Lucian Freud; their son was the artist Theodore Garman.

Early life
Kathleen Garman was born on 15 May 1901 in Wednesbury, Staffordshire, the daughter of Dr Walter Chancellor Garman (1860–1923), a general practitioner, and his wife, Margaret Frances Magill. She was one of nine children, seven sisters and two brothers: Mary (1898), Sylvia (1899), Kathleen (1901), Douglas (1903), Rosalind (1904), Helen (1906), Mavin (1907), Ruth (1909) and Lorna (1911). The family lived at Oakeswell Hall, Wednesbury.

Kathleen took music lessons at the Birmingham and Midland Institute, and art classes in Birmingham with her sister Mary. In 1919 the sisters decided to run away to London. Kathleen was employed by Harrods, helping with the horses that pulled the delivery carriages, and also worked as an artist's model. Mary drove a delivery van. Shocked by their behaviour, their father eventually decided to support them. They rented a studio apartment at 13 Regent Square, Camden, and enrolled in a private art school. At night they frequented West End clubs such as The Gargoyle, The Harlequin, and The Cave of the Golden Calf. It was at the Harlequin that Kathleen met the 40-year-old Epstein, who invited her to his table and asked her to pose for him. Mary ended up marrying the South African poet Roy Campbell. Kathleen, Mary, and Lorna were all to become bohemian members of what became known as the Bloomsbury Group. In 1936 Kathleen was photographed by Gordon Anthony.

Relationship with Jacob Epstein

In 1921, Kathleen began a relationship with the married sculptor Jacob Epstein, becoming his model and his mistress. Her father, who strongly disapproved of the affair, cut her out of his will when he died in 1923. In 1923, Epstein's jealous wife Margaret invited Kathleen to her house and shot her in the shoulder with a pearl-handled pistol. Epstein paid Kathleen's hospital bills and persuaded her not to press charges against Margaret, lest it erupt into a public scandal. After this incident, Margaret encouraged Jacob into multiple affairs in the hope he would tire of Kathleen. While Epstein and his wife were childless, Margaret raised as their own his children from other liaisons, his daughter Peggy Jean (b. 1918) (with Dorothy (Meum) Lindsell-Stewart [1895–1957]), and his son Jackie (b. 1934) (with Isabel Nicholas [1912–1992]).

Kathleen and Epstein continued to see each other, having three children together in 1924, 1926, and 1929. They married in June 1955, in a private ceremony at Fulham Register Office, London, eight years after Margaret's death. Upon their marriage, Kathleen became Lady Epstein and his sole beneficiary. After his death in 1959, she donated his works of art to the Israel Museum. Other art pieces by Epstein were incorporated into the Garman Ryan Collection, together with the works of Sally Ryan, an American sculptor who left her artworks and $50,000 in cash to Kathleen in 1968. She died in August 1979.

Children
Kathleen's three children with Jacob Epstein were:
Theodore Garman (1924–1954) was a successful artist, but suffered from mental instability, diagnosed as schizophrenia. It was said on his death, shortly before his 30th birthday, that he had "destroyed most of his canvasses in fits of depression".
Kitty Garman (1926–2011) was the first wife of the artist Lucian Freud. She became his muse after being introduced to him by her aunt Lorna. They married in 1948 and had two daughters.
Esther Grace Garman (1929–1954) was very close to her elder brother and committed suicide six months after his death.

See also
 Dolores (model)
 Garman sisters
 List of Bloomsbury Group people

References

Further reading
The Rare and the Beautiful: The Lives of the Garmans (2004) by Cressida Connolly, Fourth Estate. .

External links
 New Art Gallery, Walsall: Garman Ryan Collection
Family Profile, book review and photographic images of Mary, Lorna, and Kathleen

1901 births
1979 deaths
English socialites
People from Walsall
People from Wednesbury
Jacob Epstein
English artists' models
British female models
Kathleen Garman
Bloomsbury Group

Kathleen Garman


Willem Cornelisz. van Muyden (1573, in Muiden – 1634, in Amsterdam) was an early 17th-century mariner. He is known in the Netherlands as De Eerste Walvisvanger ("The First Whaleman") (1613). Van Muydenbukta and Van Mijenfjorden on the west coast of Spitsbergen and Kapp Muyen on the west coast of Jan Mayen are named after him.

Life
Van Muyden started his career as a ship's carpenter, but in 1607 he shipped aboard a vessel loaded with grain for Italy. In 1609 he travelled to Norway and Saint-Malo. In 1611 he made his way to the Mediterranean, where his ship was seized by pirates. He arrived in Middelburg in January of the following year.

A company in Amsterdam under Lambert van Tweenhuysen, in the wake of the first whaling expedition to Spitsbergen, sent Van Muyden in the Neptunus to the same locale in 1612. They hired the absconding bankrupt Alan Sallows as pilot, a man who had spent twenty years "in the Northern Seas" in the service of the Muscovy Company.

On 13 May (NS) the expedition ran into the English off Bjørnøya. The following day there was talk among the English to detain Sallows, but they ultimately decided to let him go. On 5 June the ship sailed into the northern entrance of Forlandsundet, where, the next day, Sallows told the English of the loss of their merchant Kijn, who had fallen off a cliff and broken his neck. The same day the Neptunus sailed to the south. They anchored in a small bay on the north shore of Bellsund later called Van Muyden Harbor (modern Van Muydenbukta). Lacking the expertise of Basque whalemen, they had little success with catching whales, and when the men asked Sallows how to catch walrus and stated that they were prepared to follow his instructions, he provided none. Sallows proved incompetent. He appears to have never been to Spitsbergen before, as the information he provided the Dutch was incorrect; he in fact knew nothing about the country or its fauna. He further angered the men when drunk, daily consuming brandy.

The Neptunus returned to Amsterdam on 17 September. Evidently learning from their error, the Dutch recruited twelve Basque whalemen from St. Jean de Luz for the following year. Van Tweenhuysen equipped two ships, the Neptunus, with Van Muyden again as master, and the Fortuyn, Jan Jacobsz Vrijer, master. The Neptunus and Fortuyn arrived off the Spitsbergen coast on 27 May. On 2 June the ships  arrived at Prins Karls Forland. In mid-June they sailed into Trygghamna, on the north side of Isfjorden, but were ordered away by the English just three days later. After being driven out of Grønfjorden and Van Muydenbukta, Van Muyden sailed to Recherche Fjord and settled in a little cove on its western shore, which he christened Schoonhaven (modern Josephbukta). From 25 June to 20 July they caught eighteen bowhead whales, thirty walrus, and two polar bears. They were discovered here by the English on 21 July. They seized their goods and detained Vrijer until 25 July and Van Muyden until 28 July. Despite being ordered away, Van Muyden continued along the coast until 9 August, when he sailed homewards.

Van Muyden again sailed to Spitsbergen in 1614 and 1615. In 1616 he was again master of the Neptunus, this time on a whaling voyage to the recently discovered Jan Mayen. He was among the first to arrive at the island early in June; he left in late July with a full cargo of oil. He appears to have sailed north in 1618, and in 1619 and again in 1621 he once more went to Jan Mayen. The last year he was living in a house on the Rapenburg. A year later, 1622, he lived on the Keizersgracht near the Greenland warehouses.

Footnotes

References

1573 births
1634 deaths
Dutch polar explorers
Dutch sailors
Explorers of Svalbard
People from Muiden
People in whaling
Whaling in the Netherlands

Willem Cornelisz van Muyden


Michael Bernard Foley (born 3 December 1946) is a former Australian politician and member of the Tasmanian Greens.

Foley was born in Boronia, Victoria.

In 1995, he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly for Franklin in a recount resulting from the resignation of Gerry Bates. He held the seat until his defeat in 1998.

After politics, Foley has been head of the Far South Wilderness Centre.

References

1946 births
Living people
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Politicians from Melbourne
People from Boronia, Victoria

Mike Foley (Australian politician)


(Joseph) Vincent McDermott (September 5, 1933 – February 10, 2016) was a classically trained American composer and ethnomusicologist. His works show particular influence from the musics of South and Southeast Asia, particularly the gamelan music of Java. He was among the second generation of American composers to create and promote new compositions for gamelan.

Education
McDermott was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He received a B.F.A. in music composition from the University of Pennsylvania (1959), an M.A. in music history from the University of California, Berkeley (1961), and a Ph.D. in music history, theory, and composition from the University of Pennsylvania (1966). His composition instructors included Constant Vauclain, George Rochberg, Darius Milhaud, and Karlheinz Stockhausen. In 1980, McDermott became friends with Lou Harrison, the godfather of American gamelan. It was Harrison who encouraged McDermott to start composing for gamelan.

McDermott first encountered gamelan circa 1965 in Amsterdam. He later studied Javanese gamelan in Indonesia at the Akademi Seni Karawitan Indonesia (now Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia Surakarta) in Central Java (1971, 1978, and 1984). He studied or worked in Surakarta with Sumarsam and Rahayu Supanggah, and later, in the United States, with Pak Cokro and Midiyanto. In the 1970s he made an intensive study of Hindustani classical music, studying with sitarist Ira Das Gupta, and with renowned tabla player Zakir Hussain.

He died in Sumatra, Indonesia, on February 10, 2016.

Compositions
Many of McDermott's works are for standard Western ensembles (e.g. chamber, orchestral, choral, solo, and electronic). In 1969 he began to incorporate sounds and ideas from North Indian music. In 1980 Lou Harrison encouraged McDermott to begin composing for gamelan. He then composed a number of works for gamelan (some in combination with Western instruments), and presented gamelan workshops in several Asian nations (including Malaysia and Japan), focusing primarily on encouraging new compositions for gamelan. He received several Fulbright grants and National Endowment for the Arts commissions and a "Master's Award" from the Oregon Arts Commission.

McDermott's compositions have been performed in North America, Europe, and Asia. From the earliest period he was drawn to cross-cultural works, multimedia, and theatrical music. Two of his operas, The King of Bali and Mata Hari, juxtapose gamelan and Western ensembles. Both were written and performed in the U.S. with English texts in the 1990s, and in this century were translated into Indonesian and performed in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

McDermott's musical style varied. His generation witnessed the onset of a wealth of new styles, and in his early days he tried his hand at many of them. By and by he eschewed the poles of abstract atonality and indeterminacy that were much in favor in the 1960s and 1970s, turning instead to modality, melody, and counterpoint. His compositional goals are expressivity, depth, and spirituality, yet often with a light heart. In Asia, he advised young composers to borrow from Western traditions, saying it will help them speak to international audiences, but he insisted that the soul of their music as well as many of its techniques must come from their own soil.

Teaching
McDermott taught at the Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) in Virginia (1966–67) and at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music in Milwaukee where he served for a time as dean and director (1967–1977). In 1977 he began teaching at Lewis & Clark College in Oregon; he retired in December 1997. While there he began the college's world music program and in 1980 founded its first gamelan, Venerable Showers of Beauty, which was purchased in Java with the help of Rahayu Supanggah and Nyonya Nora along with an American patron, Loraine Fenwick. He directed the gamelan and later invited Javanese musicians to teach (including Midiyanto, Supardi, and Darsono). He also instituted classes in Indian and African music performance with Nisha Joshi and Obo Addy. He later helped to establish gamelan programs at the College of William & Mary and the University of Puget Sound. Among his composition students at Lewis & Clark College were Greg Bowers, Erika Foin, Hoe Yeong KIm, Duncan Nielson, Myrna Schloss, and Sophia Serghi.

After retirement, McDermott was a Visiting Professor at The College of William and Mary (2002); Indonesian Institute of the Arts (2002–03); University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur (2006); Osaka City University (2005); and University of Technology (MARA), Shah Alam, Malaysia (2009). The last four placements were assisted by Fulbright programs.

During his last years, McDermott divided his time between the United States and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In Yogyakarta, he directed an ensemble called Musica Teatrica Nova.

Selected works
1967 – Five Bagatelles, piano
1970 – Three for Five, flute, sax, tabla, vibes, piano
1972 – Komal Usha-Rudra Nisha, sitar, flute, guitar, and double bass
1972 – He Who ascends by Ecstasy into Contemplation of Sublime Things Sleeps and Sees a Dream, piano and tape
1973 – Time Let Me Plan and Be Golden in the Mercy of His Means, guitar and harpsichord
1975 – Magic Grounds, piano
1975 – Orpheus, tape and video
1975 – Pictures at an Exhibition, tape and slide projections
1976 – Siftings Upon Siftings, orchestra
1977 – Slayer of Time, Ancient of Days, (cantata), voices, E. horn, harp, cello, percussion, texts from Bhagavad-Gita and Rabindranath Tagore
1978 – Rain of Hollow Reeds, tape
1978 – Smoke of Burning Cloves, solo instrument
1978 – A Perpetual Dream, opera for solo voice, tape, dancers/mimes, bonang, and toy piano
1979 – Solonese Concerto, piano and chamber orchestra
1980 – A Stately Salute, in honor of Lou Harrison, pelog gamelan
1980 – Laudamus, chorus
1981 – Kagoklaras (A Different Song), gamelan and prepared piano
1981 – Tagore Songs, soprano and guitar
1982 – Sweet-Breathed Minstrel I, a mystic poem of Rumi, slendro gamelan, two solo voices, and viola
1983 – The Dark Laments of Ariadne and of attis, 2 songs after Catullus, soprano, narrator, viola, tape
1984 – The Bells of Tajilor, gamelan slendro/pelog
1986 – Fiddles, Queens, and Laddies, soprano, tape, and drums on texts by Laurence Sterne and Robert Burns
1990 – The King of Bali (opera), gamelan and orchestra
1991 – Fugitive Moons, string quartet
1994 – Mata Hari (opera), chamber music group and gamelan
1994 – Titus Magnificus, orchestra
1997 – Sweet-Breathed Minstrel II, pelog gamelan, two solo voices, and male chorus (3–4 voices), text by Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
1999 – Quartet for trumpet, sax, piano, percussion
2002 – The Spirit Takes Wings and Soars (or Dragons in the Grachten), 12-tone gamelan and saxophone quartet
2003 – Divine Songs for voice and gender/vibraphone
2005 – A Little Concerto, gamelan slendro/pelog
2005 – The Blue Forest, gamelan, chorus, dancers, and shadow puppetry
2006 – Cahaya Jiwa (Light of the Soul), solo voice and instrument
2008 – "Mimpi Solo (Solonese Dreams)", gamelan

Published writings
McDermott, Vincent (1966). "The Articulation of Musical Space in the 20th Century." Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.
—. "A Conceptual Musical Space." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, v. 30, no. 4 (Summer 1972), pp. 489–494.
—, with Sumarsam. "Central Javanese Music: The Patet of Laras Slendro and the Gender Barung." Ethnomusicology 19:2 (1975).
—. "Gamelans and New Music." The Musical Quarterly, v. 72, no. 1 (1986), pp. 16–27.
—. Imagi-Nation: Membuat Musik Biasa Jadi Luar Biasa (in Indonesian). Art Music Today, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2013. 94 pp. Introduction by Rahayu Supanggah. [English translation of title: (A new) National Imagination. Making Ordinary Music Extraordinary]

References

External links
"Vincent McDermott Memorial Concert, March 17, 2018", Lewis & Clark College

1933 births
Musicians from Atlantic City, New Jersey
2016 deaths
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American ethnomusicologists
Gamelan musicians
Tabla players
Musicians from Yogyakarta
Lewis & Clark College faculty
Pupils of K. P. H. Notoprojo
Pupils of Darius Milhaud
Pupils of Karlheinz Stockhausen
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
21st-century American drummers

Vincent McDermott


Fraňo Štefunko (born 4 August 1903, Dudváh-Vlčkovce, Slovakia (then Austro-Hungary) – died 6 April 1974, Martin, Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia)), was a sculptor, art pedagogue and editor. In 1932 after his studies of art in Prague he moved to Martin. He was the editor of a graphical section of Slovenské pohľady, instructor of a carpentry course of the Activity Cultivation Institute, as well as a conservator with the Slovak National Museum. Štefunko begins with his freelance work two years after coming to Martin and soon becomes one of the founders of Slovak sculpture. In addition to the statues of many important personalities of Slovak history such as Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav or Ján Kollár and tombs of others (Miloslav Schmidt) he also dedicated his time to monuments in the field of Slovak history (historical figures, the World Wars, Slovak National Uprising).

References

1903 births
1974 deaths
People from Trnava District
Slovak sculptors
20th-century sculptors
Burials at National Cemetery in Martin

Fraňo Štefunko


Sir Gerard Folliott Vaughan (11 June 1923 – 29 July 2003) was a British psychiatrist and politician, who reached ministerial rank during the Thatcher administration. He was perhaps most famous for losing a battle of wills with the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's Joan Ruddock over the government's grant to the Citizens Advice Bureau, a battle that cost him his government post and permanently curtailed his political ambitions.

Early life
Gerard Vaughan was the son of a sugar planter, born and educated in what is now Mozambique. During the Second World War, his father joined the Royal Air Force as a pilot, and was killed.

Medical career
The young Vaughan studied medicine in London, attending the University of London, Guy's Hospital, and the Maudsley Hospital. He eventually became the consultant in charge of the Bloomfield Clinic at Guy's Hospital, serving in that role from 1958 to 1979.

Politics
Vaughan became involved in Conservative Party politics in the mid-1950s, serving as an alderman on the London County Council. He stood unsuccessfully in 1964 to represent Lambeth on the Greater London Council and stood successfully in Lambeth at the 1967 election. In 1970 he was elected by the council as an alderman for a term ending in 1976. He resigned on 18 September 1972.

He stood for the constituency of Poplar in East London in the general election of 1955 but was defeated. In the general election of 1970, he won the Reading constituency from Labour. Thereafter, he represented the constituencies of Reading South and Reading East until his retirement from politics before the general election of 1997.

During the government of Edward Heath, Vaughan served as a government whip and as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Francis Pym, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. When Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative Party, after Heath's defeat in the general elections of February 1974 and October 1974, Vaughan became her health spokesman. He became a minister in the Department of Health and Social Security under Patrick Jenkin after the Conservative Party won the general election in 1979.

Vaughan did not get on with his new boss, Norman Fowler, who replaced Jenkin in 1981. In 1982, Vaughan was transferred to become consumer affairs minister. When he discovered that the then chair of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Joan Ruddock, was also head of his local Citizen's Advice Bureau (CAB), he threatened to halve the government's contribution to CABs across the country. The uproar that followed, both from the thousands of voluntary workers in the CAB and from their Conservative MPs, forced Vaughan to retreat during an angry Commons debate in April 1983.

Vaughan was dropped from the government in 1983 and given a knighthood in 1984. From the back benches, he served on the Education Select Committee from 1983 to 1993, and the Science and Technology Select Committee from 1993 to 1997. In his Reading constituency, he fought against plans, sponsored by Nicholas Ridley, to build housing in Berkshire's diminishing green belt. Vaughan was a freemason.

References

Sources

1923 births
2003 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Reading
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of London County Council
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
Alumni of King's College London
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
British expatriates in Mozambique
Members of the Greater London Council

Gerard Vaughan (British politician)


Ronald "Robbie" Edward Robinson, FBA (3 September 1920 – 19 June 1999) was a distinguished historian of the British Empire who between 1971 and 1987 held the Beit Professorship of Commonwealth History at the University of Oxford.

After schooling at Battersea Grammar School, he proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, as a History Scholar in 1938 and with the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the Royal Air Force, eventually spending most of his armed service in Africa.  After the end of the war, between 1947 and 1949, Robinson worked on the subject of "trusteeship" for his doctorate at Cambridge.  He was subsequently elected a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1949.

Robinson's extraordinarily influential work, Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism, was co-authored with John Gallagher (with the help of his wife Alice Denny) and first published in 1961. The latter work had been preceded by a widely read article – also co-authored with Gallagher – entitled, "The Imperialism of Free Trade".  Published in 1953, the latter constitutes a groundbreaking essay among theorists of imperial expansion and "is reputedly the most cited historical article ever published".

Upon Robinson's retirement from Oxford in 1987, a book of essays entitled Theory and Practice in the History of European Expansion Overseas was published in his honour.

References

External links
Obituary from Kenneth Wilburn of East Carolina University
R.E. Robinson obituary in The Times, June 1999

1920 births
1999 deaths
Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford
Historians of the British Empire
Imperialism studies
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Beit Professors of Commonwealth History
People educated at Battersea Grammar School
20th-century British historians
Fellows of the British Academy
Historians of South Asia

Ronald Robinson


Variations VII is a piece of contemporary music written by John Cage. It was first performed in 1966, as part of the 9 Evenings concert series in New York. It is largely stochastic, with an indeterminate length and use of unrecorded technological produced or electrically amplified sound. In the words of Cage, the sounds had to "be in the air at the moment of performance". Photocells were used to turn on and off the sound sources.

References
E.A.T article on 9 evenings, authored by Billy Kluver in 1988

Compositions by John Cage

Variations VII


Candy Dulfer (born 19 September 1969) is a Dutch jazz and pop saxophonist. She is the daughter of jazz saxophonist Hans Dulfer. She began playing at age six and founded her band Funky Stuff when she was fourteen. Her debut album Saxuality (1990) received a Grammy nomination. She has performed and recorded with Hans Dulfer, Prince, Dave Stewart, Van Morrison, Angie Stone, Maceo Parker and Rick Braun and has performed live with Alan Parsons (1995), Pink Floyd (1990), and Tower of Power (2014). She hosted the Dutch television series Candy Meets... (2007), in which she interviewed musicians. In 2013, she became a judge in the 5th season of the Dutch version of X Factor.

Early life

Dulfer was born on 19 September 1969 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. She began playing the drums at the age of five. As a six-year-old, she started to play the soprano saxophone. At age seven, she switched to alto saxophone and later began playing in a local concert band Jeugd Doet Leven (English translation: "Youth Brings Life") in Zuiderwoude.

Dulfer played her first solo on stage with her father's band De Perikels ("The Perils"). At age eleven, she made her first recordings for the album I Didn't Ask (1981) of De Perikels. In 1982, when she was twelve years old, she played as a member of Rosa King's Ladies Horn section at the North Sea Jazz Festival. According to Dulfer, King encouraged her to become a band leader. In 1984, at age fourteen, she started the band Funky Stuff.

Career
Dulfer's band performed throughout the Netherlands and in 1987 was the opening act for two of Madonna's European concerts.

In 1988, Prince invited Dulfer on stage to play an improvised solo during one of his European shows. In 1989 Dulfer appeared in Prince's "Partyman" video.

Dulfer performed session work with Eurythmics guitarist and producer Dave Stewart, duetting with him on the worldwide hit single "Lily Was Here" and contributing to the soundtrack of the same name. She was a guest musician for Pink Floyd during the band's performance at Knebworth in 1990, from which several tracks were released on a multi-artist live album and video, Live at Knebworth '90. The Knebworth show has since been released as part of the Pink Floyd box set The Later Years 1987–2019 on CD, DVD, and BD.

Dulfer was also the featured saxophonist on Van Morrison's A Night in San Francisco, an album in 1993, and performed with Alan Parsons and his band at the World Liberty Concert in 1995.

Dulfer collaborated with her father Hans Dulfer on the duet album Dulfer Dulfer in 2001. She joined Prince's band in 2004 for his Musicology Live 2004ever tour.

In 2007, she released her ninth studio album Candy Store. The album reached a No. 2 position in Billboard's Top Contemporary Jazz charts. Her songs "Candy Store" and "L.A. Citylights" reached the No. 1 position in Smooth Jazz National Airplay charts in the United States.

Dulfer is mostly a self-taught musician except for some training in a concert band and a few months of music lessons.
Until 2010 Dulfer played a Selmer Mk VI alto - which is visible in the majority of early photographs. In 2010 she became an endorsee of the Dutch Free Wind saxophone, created by Friso Heidinga, who started building saxophones in Amsterdam in 2009.

In 2007, Dulfer became the presenter and interviewer in Candy Meets..., her television program for the Dutch public broadcaster NPS. In the series, she met with Sheila E., Maceo Parker, Hans Dulfer, Van Morrison, Dave Stewart, and Mavis Staples.

On 26 August 2022, Dulfer announced her new album We Never Stop, which released on 28 October. The release is the first as a part of her new record deal with Mascot Label Group. The album was preceded by the single "Jammin' Tonight," featuring Nile Rodgers.

Discography

 Saxuality (1990)
 Sax-a-Go-Go (1993)
 Big Girl (1995)
 For the Love of You (1997)
 Girls Night Out (1999)
 What Does It Take (1999)
 Dulfer Dulfer (2002)
 Right in My Soul (2003)
 Candy Store (2007)
 Funked Up (2009)
 Crazy (2011)
 Together (2017)
 We Never Stop (2022)

References

External links

Candy Dulfer Channel on YouTube

1969 births
Living people
21st-century saxophonists
Dutch women singers
Dutch jazz saxophonists
English-language singers from the Netherlands
Women jazz saxophonists
Funk saxophonists
Heads Up International artists
Jazz alto saxophonists
Musicians from Amsterdam
Smooth jazz saxophonists
New Power Generation members
Bertelsmann Music Group artists

Candy Dulfer


Pasquale J. (Pat) D'Amuro is an American terrorism authority, former intelligence agent and television analyst. In a career of 26 years he rose to the third position of the FBI. Since then he continues his career in business and education.

Life
D'Amuro grew up in upstate New York. He attended Mercy College and Niagara University from where he obtained his bachelor's degree.

Since May 1979 he worked for the FBI. Here he got experienced in research of bank robberies, fraud, organized crime, drug traffic and comparable matters.

After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing took place, his research area changed to terrorist attacks. In the following years he was involved with the research of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya, the 2000 USS Cole bombing in Aden, Yemen, and the destructive attacks of September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. In course of the years he therefore became an expert on al-Qaeda.

After the attacks of September 11, D'Amuro was appointed assistant director of the counterterrorism division of the FBI. Here he led  thousands of agents and implemented policy that resulted in a better exchange of data between the FBI, CIA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense. He also ordered the composition of a centralized Terrorism Watch List that combined all the former registers into a single and comprehensive database.

In August 2003 he was promoted to director of the office of New York, which is the largest office with the highest profile. At this stage he went out to give public lectures regularly on the changes that had been effectuated at the bureau since September 11. In March 2005 he left the FBI after a service of 26 years.

Afterwards he became director of Nine Thirty Capital Management and chairman of the board of Giuliani Security & Safety. In March 2006 he became a commissary of Mercy College and since April 2008 he is also the director of American Defense Systems.

Regularly he makes his appearances as senior analyst at the television network CNN.

Honor
D'Amuro received several rewards, like the Presidential Rank Award of the FBI. In 2004 he was honored with an honorary doctorate in law from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In 2009 D'Amuro obtained a Four Freedoms Award in the category Freedom from fear.

References
 Bloomberg Businessweek (November 17, 2012) biography
 Government Executive (April 15, 2003) biography
 Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (2009) Four Freedoms Awards

American civil servants
American businesspeople
American directors
Directors of intelligence agencies
American television personalities
Experts on terrorism
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Mercy College (New York) alumni
Mercy College (New York) faculty

Pasquale J. D'Amuro


Alexander John Resa (August 4, 1887 – July 4, 1964) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Resa attended the public schools of Chicago, Illinois, and St. Joseph's College, Kirkwood, Missouri. He was graduated from the John Marshall Law School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1911. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Chicago, Illinois. He was assistant corporation counsel of the city of Chicago, serving as head of the appeals division and public improvement division 1937-1944. He served as member of the faculty of the John Marshall Law School 1918-1942.

Resa was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth Congress (January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress. He returned to practice of law and retired December 31, 1959. He died in Evanston, Illinois, July 4, 1964. He was interred in Calvary Cemetery.

References

1887 births
1964 deaths
Politicians from Chicago
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
Lawyers from Chicago
University of Illinois Chicago School of Law alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Evanston, Illinois)

Alexander J. Resa


This is a list of fictional countries that are set somewhere in the continent of Africa.

A
Africa: Africa is portrayed as one country in various works, typically comprising an expansive and sparsely-populated jungle or savanna.
African Confederation: Future African country that includes present-day Somalia, that is the birthplace of Geordi La Forge in Star Trek: The Next Generation
Afrinia: African country used in World Bank training exercises
Afromacoland: African country in the novel Chief the Honourable Minister by T. M. Aluko
Azania: African country from Evelyn Waugh's novel Black Mischief but with earlier origins in Roman histories. Azania is also a fictional country in the Marvel comics.
Abuddin: A Middle East country in the series Tyrant
Aburĩria, Free Republic of: African country ruled by a dictator known only as the "Ruler" in the novel Wizard of the Crow by Kenyan author, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o.

B
Babar's Kingdom: from children's book, a country of intelligent bipedal elephants.
Bahari: from the CBS television series Scorpion, a small north African nation under the brutal rule of a dictatorship. The nation is a former Nazi German colony and there are several Nazi German military bases located in the deserts of the country.
Balaika : A fictional Central African country in the 2014 BBC Radio 4 Play "When The Laughter Stops", written by Sibusiso Mamba, co-created with Daliso Chaponda and with additional material by Ava Vidal. In the play two stand-up comedians get into trouble in a country that is in the process of deciding whether homosexuality should be a capital offence.
Balic: A fictional African country featured in the Japanese anime television series Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid.
Bangalla: from The Phantom comic strip. The Phantom's base lies in the deep woods of this central African nation.
Bapetikosweti: The "homeland" state in which the South African satirist Pieter-Dirk Uys (under the guise of his drag character, Evita Bezuidenhout) was the South African ambassador.
Beninia: from John Brunner's Stand on Zanzibar
Birani: African nation featured in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy. Located near Namibia and Angola. Has a Banana Forest at a place called Dumgase.
Bialya (Currently Greater Bialya): an evil nation in the show Young Justice, led by a mind controlling female by the name of Queen Bee. She is part of The Light, a group of supervillains.
Bocamo: a gold-producing West African state from the Mission: Impossible TV episode "Kitara". Renowned as a particularly brutal practitioner of apartheid.
Bonande: West African country in the film La Nuit de la vérité
Bongo Congo: African kingdom in animated cartoon series King Leonardo and His Short Subjects
Bora-Baru Fictional country located inside Tanzania, having a coast. From the Marvel Comics.
Botswanga: African country in the film Le crocodile du Botswanga with its king
Bulmeria: an African country mentioned in the webcomic, It's Walky!
Bulungi: A country located south of Côte d'Ivoire and southeast of Liberia featured in an article by satirical news group The Onion. In the article, the United States' "ambassador" to Bulungi is accused of making the country up. Bulungi's capital city is Yabba-Dabba.
Buranda: African country in the BBC comedy series Yes Minister, formerly known as "British Equatorial Africa"
Burunda: Fictional country located in Southern Africa. From the Marvel comics, it is not to be confused with Burundi.
Butua: African country of cannibals in the novel Aline and Valcour by the Marquis de Sade.

C
Carbombya: country mentioned in the Transformers series
Canaan: African nation bordering Wakanda from the Marvel universe.
Claw Island: African nation occupying the island of Madagascar as portrayed in a video by The Onion about the United States sending US$3 billion worth of aid to Andorra.

D
Darrar, Federal Republic of: A country in the Horn of Africa based on Ethiopia in the novel Borderlines by Michela Wrong.
North Darrar: A country in the Horn of Africa based on Eritrea in the novel Borderlines by Michela Wrong. The capital city is Lira. The country neighbours the Federal Republic of Darrar and has fought a war against it over a border dispute based on the Eritrean–Ethiopian War.

E
Equatorial Kundu: West African republic originally depicted on the Aaron Sorkin series The West Wing, and later on The Newsroom and IZombie (TV series).
Equatorial Uqbar Orbis: Dictatorship in Africa originally depicted in Better Call Saul (S1:E10). The country appears to be a reference to Jorge Luis Borges's short story Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius.

F
Federal Republic of South Africa: A South African state mentioned in the 1991 novel Vortex, by Larry Bond and Patrick Larkin. It is the successor state to the apartheid-era "Republic of South Africa" and is established after a civil war takes place in South Africa over the fate of apartheid in the early 1990s; its capital is Johannesburg after having been moved there from Pretoria due to the latter city's negative association with the apartheid regime and the subsequent civil war.

G
Genosha: an island nation which was established as a mutant homeland in Marvel Comics
Ghalea: a small African nation whose pro-Western government is key to stability in the area, from the Mission: Impossible episode "The Money Machine"
Ghudaza: Small fictional country bordering Wakanda. From the Marvel Comics.
Gindra: a small nation in Central Africa formerly the home of Outer Heaven in Metal Gear: Ghost Babel
Gorilla City: a city of super-intelligent gorillas in the DC Comics Universe; In 1999 it became a member of the United Nations
Gorotoland: an African republic and site of Cold War conflict in Allen Drury's novel Capable of Honor.
Great Islam Nation: a theocratic state which extends on Middle-East and Africa in the two novels Wang by French author Pierre Bordage.
Guadec: African country in an episode of Spooks. Led by reformist President Manu Baffong.
Gwinalia: fictional African country in the PBS show Chocolate.

H
Halwan: Fictional African nation bordering Algeria and Libya. Featured in the Marvel comics.

I
Imaya: Small Central African country located in between Nigeria and Niger. Featured in the Marvel Comics.
Interzone: a fictionalized version of Tangier from William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch
Ishmaelia: a fictional African country from the novel Scoop by Evelyn Waugh

K
Kalubya: North African country corresponding to the location of Libya in Operation Thunderbolt arcade game
Kalya: West African country in the novel The Zinzin Road by Fletcher Knebel. Capital city: Ft. Paul.
Kamanga: Southern African country between Namibia and Mozambique in the novel Tenth Man Down by Chris Ryan. Ruled from the poverty-stricken capital of Mulongwe, Kamanga is the very model of post-colonial corruption, nepotism, and greed. The territory, once a British possession, is now suffering from an AIDS epidemic, while poaching goes unchecked during a brutal civil war. Uranium, diamonds, and bauxite are key resources, although they remain in the hands of the European-descended elite. Kamanga uses the Kwacha as its national currency. This "Kwacha" is a fictional currency, but it has the same name as the Malawian kwacha and the Zambian kwacha.
Kambawe: location of Tom Stoppard's 1978 play Night and Day
Kambezi: Southern African country occurring in several MacGyver episodes, located somewhere near Zimbabwe and home to a population of black rhinos, a protected species approaching rapid extinction thanks to South African poachers. Kambezi is also in fact a military dictatorship, and relies heavily on the smuggling of dagga. Kambezi was later used in season 3 of Blindspot, but was a Central African monarchy at war with its neighbor and seeking control of a pipeline.
Kangan: African nation in the novel Anthills of the Savannah (1984) by Chinua Achebe
Katanga: African country, neighboring Sierra Leone, in Frederick Forsyth's The Dogs of War (1974)
Kenyopia: belligerent African nation in Totally Spies! TV series attempting to conquer its fictional neighbor Lyrobia (see below) with its King Milanalwayskumar
Kharun: fictional country that Prime Minister Birgitte Nyborg visits in the second season of Borgen
Khokarsa: ancient African empire that serves as the primary setting for Philip José Farmer's Khokarsa series
Kijuju: African country in Resident Evil 5, which is subject to viral experimentation
Kinjanja: African country in the 1994 film A Good Man in Africa, starring Sean Connery
Kivukiland: African kingdom in the 2001 South African comedy movie Mr Bones by Leon Schuster, starring Leon Schuster
Kôr: African country in the novel She by H. Rider Haggard
Kukuanaland: African country in the novel King Solomon's Mines (1885) by H. Rider Haggard
Kush: African country from John Updike's 1978 novel The Coup

L
Ligeria: African home of the agent Benjamin N'udu in the Canadian TV series InSecurity.
Logosia: African country from the Mission: Impossible TV episode "The Crane".
Lombuanda: an independent white-supremacist African country on the Gulf of Guinea in the Mission: Impossible episode "The Diamond". Underdeveloped and densely forested, Lombuanda is ruled by French-speaking settlers who keep two million black citizens starved and without 'schools, hospitals, or any voice in government'. The title of prime minister is held by Hendrik Durvard, a despotic white Lombuandan who plans to use a 27,000-carat diamond to finance his seizure of tribal reserves.
Lyrobia: African nation, ruled by Queen Tassara, in French/Canadian animated TV series Totally Spies! containing desert and rain forest environments, with an Arabic-inspired culture.
Lamumba: A small, prospering county, published in DC Comics, and was first seen in Doom Patrol #100, "The Fantastic Origin Of The Beast Boy".

M
Malagawi: African country in le Professionnel, film by Georges Lautner starring Jean-Paul Belmondo.
Matobo: a state based on Zimbabwe, from the 2005 film The Interpreter. "Matobo" is also used briefly in 24: Redemption in a scene where an international videoconference takes place and on 24 (season 7), where Ule Matobo (fictional) is a former president of Sangala, the fiction African nation. The nation was also used as the setting for the Swedish film Morgan Pålsson - världsreporter, but spelled with an accent, Matóbo.
Maurania: African country in Paradise video game.
Mbangawi: African country located between Tanzania and Kenya. Featured in the Marvel Comics.
Mohannda: Fictional country bordering Wakanda and Zwartheid. From the Marvel Comics.
Moloni Republic: Southern African country from the video game Metal Gear Acid.
Mombaka: an African country featured in the films Red Scorpion and Jagga Jasoos.
Mumbambu: African nation occupying the Central and East region as portrayed in a video by The Onion about the United States sending US$3 billion worth of aid to Andorra as it was believed to be south of Mumbambu in Africa, not Europe.
Murkatesh: Country bordering Algeria and Nigeria. From the Marvel Comics.

N
Nadua: Fictional country bordered by Namibia all around. From the Marvel Comics.
Nagonia: African country in Yulian Semyonov's spy novel TASS Is Authorized to Announce..., and in the 1984 film of the same title
Nambia: African country usually said as a mispronunciation of Namibia erroneously stated likely due to the prevalence of nations with similar name such as Gambia and Zambia.
Nambutu: a fictional African nation in the 2006 film Casino Royale.
Naruba: a fictional West African country in Designated Survivor. It is located in between Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin and Burkina Faso. Its capital city is Soji. It is mentioned to be one of the poorest nations on the planet, with conflicts arising from warlords such as Atsu Kalame.
Narubu: fictional country from Army Wives.
Narobia: Fictional country from the Marvel comics. Small country located near Ethiopia and Wakanda.
Natumbe: African country from Dynasty TV series
Nayak: imaginary West African country in the 2004 film La Nuit de la vérité (Night of Truth)
Neranga: "new African country" featured in a Rumpole story called "Rumpole and the Golden Thread" by John Mortimer
New Zanzibar: featured in The Simpsons episode "Simpson Safari", this country only existed for a few moments between Tanzania and Pepsi Presents New Zanzibar.
Nexdoria: featured in Coming 2 America as a rival, adjacent country to Zamunda.
Ng'ombwana: African country depicted in the 1974 novel Black As He's Painted by Ngaio Marsh
Ngombia: West African country featured in the 1963 Tom Swift Jr. novel Tom Swift and His Repelatron Skyway.
Niberia: African country in the 2009 film The International
Nibia: African country in the 1995 film Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls
Niganda: Fictional country bordering Wakanda. From the Marvel Comics, it is also called Niganoa.
Numbani: West African city-state bordering Nigeria in the video game Overwatch
Nyala: African country depicted in the novel Juggernaut by Desmond Bagley

O
Odan: a Central African Republic at war with its neighbor and seeking control of a pipeline in season 3 of Blindspot.
Opar: located deep in the jungles of Africa. Portrayed as a lost colony of Atlantis in Edgar Rice Burroughs's series of Tarzan novels.
Orïsha: a West Africa country based on Nigeria in the fantasy novel Children of Blood and Bone and its sequel by Tomi Adeyemi.
Outer Heaven: fortified microstate founded by a "legendary mercenary" 200 km north of the fictional Galzburg, South Africa

P
Pan-Africa: featured in the Judge Dredd comic book series.
Pan African Union: Future federal Sub-Saharan superstate in the science fiction wargame Full Thrust
Pepsi Presents New Zanzibar: featured in The Simpsons episode "Simpson Safari", this country came into being after civil war in Tanzania created the country New Zanzibar, which moments later was purchased by Pepsi.
Podoso: a fictional Central African country mentioned in the Turkish television series Valley of the Wolves.
Pride Lands: a fictional East African country where lions rule the kingdom. Pride Rock, a colossal rock formation, serves as the residence of the king and his pride, based on the real-life Tanzania in Disney's The Lion King.

Q
Qitzikwaka: a North African country made up as an April Fools joke by Geography YouTuber Geography Now.

R
Republic of West Africa: This country is highlighted in the episode 6 of season 1 of Madam Secretary, "The Call" when the country's government intends to carry out sad lead noised by King of sad lead noised Adam. It is also found in several kinds of scam spams.
Rudyarda: Small African nation north of Wakanda. Featured in the Marvel Comics.

S
Sahelise Republic: African country mentioned in The West Wing, episode "In This White House"
Shakobi: African monarchy from That's So Raven TV series, episode "The Royal Treatment"
Samgola: a parody of Angola bordering Nambabwe in Leon Schuster's film Oh Schucks...Here Comes UNTAG.
Sangala: A nation from 24: Redemption and 24 (season 7) where Jack Bauer comes to after running away from his life. A coup d'état takes place, with rebels using brainwashed children as soldiers. The nation is later invaded by the US in season 7.
Seanfrika: A country from the movie Sean Banan inuti Seanfrika founded by the Iranian-Swedish comedian Sean Banan to escape the cold Swedish winters.
Sonzola: an African republic mentioned in the novels of Christopher Brookmyre
Sotho: a kingdom in Africa mentioned in a 1997 episode of the German TV series Küstenwache (note: the name and the royalist form of government seem to refer to the real existing Kingdom of Lesotho – however, in the episode, the King of Sotho comes to Germany to order ships for his coastguard, which would not make any sense for the real Lesotho, since the country is landlocked).
Suaoriland: a country in East Africa briefly mentioned in Donna Tartt's novel The Secret History.

T
Talgalla: A fictional African country featured in Dave Brubeck's jazz musical The Real Ambassadors.
Tanzaberia: An African country featured in the Disney Channel show K.C. Undercover.
Transvalia: not actually a state in its own right, but rather a parody of Orania. Leon Schuster made a comedy film called Sweet 'n Short (1991), which was a parody of life in the New South Africa. The film was made in 1990 shortly after Nelson Mandela was released from prison - many of the fictional events portrayed therein actually came to pass in post-apartheid South Africa.
Trucial Abysmia: East African country in the G.I. Joe comics.

U
Ujanka: Fictional country located near Wakanda and Lake Turkana. From the Marvel comics.
Umbazi: Country from the Marvel comics. Borders Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Umbutu, National Republic of: A post invasion nation in Independence Day: Resurgence that during the 1996 war was the one place where the Harvesters landed.
United Mitanni Commonwealth: A fictional African country in Lee Correy's science fiction novel Manna.
United States of Southern Africa (USSA): A country born out of the Republic of South Africa in 2061: Odyssey Three. Apartheid in South Africa ends some time in the late 2010s or early 2020s, followed by a mass exodus of Afrikaners and capital flight out of the country towards Europe. A terrorist insurgency of Afrikaners called "The Bund" conducts attacks against the USSA.
United States of Southern Africa: A country born out of the Republic of South Africa in World War Z
Upper Gorm: Fictional African country in the 1980 comedy film First Family.
UAC: An unnamed African country depicted in the video game Far Cry 2, can also be presumed to be named Seko.

W
Wadiya: Country ruled by the protagonist in the 2012 film The Dictator. Located by the Red Sea.
Wakanda: small African nation featured in the Marvel Comics series The Avengers. The nation is ruled by King T'Challa, also known as the super hero Black Panther.
West Angola: a fictional African country referred to in Scandal.
West African Union: a fictional merger of Liberia and Sierra Leone in Seafighter a 1999 novel by James H. Cobb. Ruled by Premier-General Obe Belewa.
West Monrassa: Central African country in an episode of Spooks. Run by President Gabriel Sakoa, a corrupt leader planning a genocide against the people in the north of the country.

Z
 Zambakia: An African country featured in the Disney Channel show K.C. Undercover.
Zambawi: African country from Patrick Neate's novel Musungu Jim and the Great Chief Tuloko (2000)
Zambezi: African monarchy in King Ralph. It is a new state rich with mineral resources and becomes a trade partner with the UK.
Zambesi: Zambesi is a country in DC Comics

Zamunda: African monarchy from the Eddie Murphy film Coming to America (1988) and its sequel Coming 2 America (2021)
Zangaro: West African country in the novel The Dogs of War (1974)
Zanj: African country from John Updike's novel The Coup (1978)
Zanzarim: Fictional West African nation in William Boyd's James Bond novel Solo
Zarakal: East African country from Michael Bishop's novel No Enemy But Time (1982)
Zembala: African country in the 1978 film The Wild Geese
Zinariya: an African country famous for its copper mines, ruled by a dictator, General Bindiga, in A. N. Wilson's My Name Is Legion (2004)
Zulabwe: an African country where the squad from popular TV serial, The A-Team (by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo (1983) found themselves in one of the episodes.
Zu-Vendis: African country in H. Rider Haggard's 1887 book Allan Quatermain containing a lost white race.
Zwartheid: Fictional country located near Wakanda from the Marvel Comics.

References

External links

Africa
Africa in fiction

List of fictional African countries


Rider on the Rain (French: Le passager de la pluie) is a 1970 French mystery thriller film starring Marlène Jobert and Charles Bronson, directed by René Clément and scripted by Sébastien Japrisot, produced by Serge Silberman, with film music composed by Francis Lai. It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Plot

Opening with a quotation from Lewis Carroll to suggest that the heroine is like Alice in Wonderland, the film starts on a rainy autumn afternoon in a small resort on the south coast of France.

Mellie, newly married to Toni, an airline navigator who is away at work, sees a strange man get off a bus. In a shop trying on a dress to wear to a wedding next day, she sees the man spying on her. When she goes home, he sneaks into the house, ties her up and rapes her. Realising after she has freed herself that he is still in the house, she gets out a shotgun and kills him. Then she drives the body to a cliff and tips it into the sea, saying nothing to her jealous husband when he returns.

Next day at the wedding an uninvited American called Dobbs speaks to her. A body has been found and he claims she killed him, which she denies. The day after that, when her husband is away again, Dobbs sneaks into their house and questions Mellie roughly. She begins to think that the rapist had business with Toni, possibly drug related, and that is why Dobbs is so persistent. She goes with him to the bank and, drawing out all she has, offers it to him. But he doesn't want money, just the truth.

The next morning, Mellie stumbles upon the rapist's travel bag, which contains a staggering sum of 60,000 US dollars. Curious and determined, she stealthily enters Dobbs' hotel room to search for clues. To her astonishment, she uncovers evidence that Dobbs is not just an ordinary individual but a US Army colonel involved in a covert mission.

In a dramatic turn of events, Dobbs unexpectedly appears and reveals that a woman employed at a Parisian restaurant has been apprehended for the murder. Overwhelmed by the injustice of an innocent woman facing charges, Mellie impulsively boards a plane to Paris, determined to uncover the truth. She heads to the restaurant, but instead, she is redirected to the workplace of the arrested woman's sister—an unexpected location: a brothel.

Within the confines of the brothel, Mellie finds herself subjected to intense interrogation by three criminals who are desperate for information about the deceased man. Just as the situation reaches a dangerous peak, Dobbs, who has been covertly following Mellie's trail, forcefully intervenes and rescues her from harm's way.

Taking her home, Dobbs reveals that the corpse is not that of the rapist but another man's. The rapist was an escapee from a US military prison who had attacked three women in similar fashion before Mellie. She then tells him where she tipped the body, which is found by police frogmen. For Dobbs the case is closed and he does not tell the police about Mellie. Nor does he mention the 60,000 dollars.

In a closing homage to Alfred Hitchcock, it is revealed that the rapist's name was Mac Guffin.

Cast

Production

Development
The film was shot in both English and French versions. In an interview with Variety, Bronson said he learned his lines in French phonetically, so that his own voice would be heard on the soundtrack. It was the last time he did this for European films, allowing himself to be dubbed-over in all subsequent films.

Filming
Filming began June 2, 1969 on the Giens Peninsula and finished August 4, 1969 on the French Riviera. Some scenes were shot in Paris.

Music
"Rider on the Rain" is also the main theme of the original movie soundtrack (with lyrics by Sébastien Japrisot and sung by French chansonette Severine). The American singer-songwriter Peggy Lee wrote English lyrics for the song, and recorded it on her 1971 album Make It With You as "Passenger of the Rain".

Release

Home media
In 2011, Wild East released Rider on the Rain on a limited-edition DVD alongside Adieu l'ami (Farewell, Friend), also starring Charles Bronson.

The 2009 British DVD, released by Optimum/Studio Canal contains both the French and English language versions. The French version runs a few minutes longer.

In 2019, Kino Lorber Studio Classics released a Blu-ray version that features the 114 minute U.S. cut and the 118 minute French cut. The disc features Audio Commentary, Radio Spot, Theatrical Trailers, plus Bronson Trailers for his other Kino Lorber Studio Classics releases.

Reception

Box office
The film was a big hit in France, the third most popular movie of 1970.

Bronson's agent Paul Kohner said it was "the turning point for Bronson – and probably his best. In a few weeks, his name was so big in Europe that hundreds of theatres there were running old American pictures with the name Bronson above the title, even though originally he had played the third or fourth lead."

Critical response
The Los Angeles Times called the film "a spellbinding suspense and detection story, done with the kind of affectionate tip of the chapeau to the Hitchcock Hollywood mastery of the form." The Washington Post called it "one of those silk-purse-from a sow's ear exercises, fairly absorbing if you go to it casually, but possibly a cheat if you go expecting the last word in civilised movie expense." Richard Schikel wrote in Life that though the film was intended as homage to Hitchcock, it "lacks the humor, the humanity and the sure sense of mise en scène that distinguishes Hitchcock's great entertainments." In The Guardian, Philip French called it a cool, stylish, demented Hitchcockian thriller" and compared it to "Charade reworked by Claude Chabrol."

Accolades
In 1970, the film won the Special David of the David di Donatello Awards. In 1971, it won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, was nominated for Best Motion Picture of the Edgar Allan Poe Awards, and for the Golden Laurel.

References

External links

1970 films
1970s mystery films
1970s psychological thriller films
French psychological thriller films
Italian psychological thriller films
1970s French-language films
Films directed by René Clément
Films produced by Serge Silberman
Films scored by Francis Lai
Films about rape
Best Foreign Language Film Golden Globe winners
English-language French films
English-language Italian films
1970s English-language films
1970 multilingual films
French multilingual films
Italian multilingual films
1970s Italian films
1970s French films

Rider on the Rain