The SIG MKMO is a submachine gun produced by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) company in Neuhausen from 1933 to 1937. The MKMO – M = Maschinen, K = Karabiner M = Militär, O = Oben (Top ejection) – was designed for the military and to increase firepower it had a larger-capacity magazine as well as a longer barrel. Only 1,228 of these guns were produced. It saw limited adoption by Swiss police departments and the Swiss Guard at the Vatican. Finland purchased approximately 282 of the original MKMO variant, which were used by the home guard, supply units and coastal defense forces in the Continuation War.

Design

The SIG MKMO used a hesitation-locked operating system which kept the cartridge within the chamber long enough for the pressure within the barrel to decrease to a safe level. This system was adapted by Gotthard End based on a John Pedersen design first used in the Remington Model 51 pistol. It was also the first personal weapon to have a folding magazine well so that the magazine and mag well could be pivoted horizontally and stored within the wooden fore-stock. This made transportation during non-combat movement easy and much less difficult compared to traditional magazine wells. A simple catch system would release the magazine allowing for quick deployment.

The locked-breech blowback system mirrored that of John Pedersen's Remington Model 51 only with a locking recess above rather than below the bolt. When the firearm is in battery, the breech block rests slightly forward of the locking shoulder in the frame. When the cartridge is fired, the breech block and bolt carrier move together a short distance rearward powered by the energy of the cartridge as in a standard blowback system. When the breech block contacts the locking shoulder, it stops, locking the breech. The bolt carrier continues rearward with the momentum it acquired in the initial phase. This delay allows chamber pressure to drop to safe levels while the breech is locked and the cartridge slightly extracted. Once the bullet leaves the barrel and pressure drops, the continuing motion of the bolt carrier cams the breech block from its locking recess, continuing the operating cycle.

There was no fire selector switch for single or automatic fire. This was gauged by the force of pull on the trigger: a short pull was for single shot, and a long pull was for automatic fire. This was also one of the first sub-machine guns that had an integral dust cover on the magazine housing. The sights for both the MKMO and MKPO were both fully manually adjustable but could be calibrated from 100m to an optimistic 1000m. This led to much confusion with accuracy often found wanting in young soldiers who could not operate the sights properly.

Variants
There were 2 variants of the MKMO. There was the shortened barreled (300 mm) MKPO (P for Police), which still used the two-part hesitation-locked action. This was designed for the police market. In 1937, SIG introduced the simplified MKMS and MKPS (S for Seitlich, side ejection of the empty shell). These versions did away with the Pedersen hesitation lock and operated on the straight blowback system firing from an open bolt. The MKMO, MKPO, MKMS and MKPS submachine guns were still priced high and sales were slow. Production was stopped in 1941.

Sixty of the MKPS, Serial No. 3321–3380, chambered for 7.65mm Parabellum were shipped to the Swiss Army in 1940.

See also
Remington Model 51
Remington R51
SIG MP41
SIG MP-48

References

External links

Submachine guns of Switzerland
Delayed blowback firearms
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
7.63×25mm Mauser submachine guns
SIG Sauer submachine guns
World War II submachine guns

SIG MKMO


Kudessan () is a Punjabi film, directed by Jeet Matharru, starring Sukhbir Singh, Pakhi Hegde, Nirmal Rishi and Jeet Matharru in lead roles. It is based on the play written by Jatinder Brar. It was selected for the world premiere and screened at the first Punjabi International Film Festival in Toronto in 2012. Prior to this, the film has been received well in the London Asian Film Festival too. Its Hindi version is titled Woman From The East.

Plot

The film presents the tragic life of a twenty-year-old Bihari girl, Ganga, who is bought by a middle-aged Punjabi man, Pala Singh, in order to have a male child.

The above-mentioned story is copy of a well known verbal story from Bihar, uttered by a famous composer Bhikhari Thakur also known as "Shakespeare of Bhojpuri". It is a small fraction of a series of stories in the form of lyrics written in 1960s. In his songs girl and the old age person both are described from Bihar story known to be "Beti Bechawa" Bhojpuri words which means "One who Sells his Daughter". He visited Bengal but never found any evidence of his visit or mentioning Punjab. Now these newcomers publish their album and give their names.

Songs

Ashutosh Singh composed the songs and the playback singers includes Pappi Gill, Devi, Kailash Kher, Ahan Shah, Shahid.

Cast

 Sukhbir Singh – Pala Singh
 Pakhi Hegde – Ganga/Kudesan
 Nirmal Rishi – Jeeto (Pala Singh's first wife)
 Jeet Matharru - Shera

References

Punjabi-language Indian films
2010s Punjabi-language films

Kudesan


François Fontan (7 February 1929 – 19 December 1979) was a French politician. He was born into a family which came from Gascony. Raised in a monarchic family, he first joined a political party, the Mouvement Socialiste Monarchique when he was about 15, but he quickly gave up monarchism and became closer to anarchism, and, then, to communism, but he got fed up with their stalinism.
He moved to Nice and created the Occitan Nationalist Party there.
From 1962, Fontan often met professor Guy Héraud and developed the first clarification of the linguistic border between Occitan and Piemontese.
He died in Cuneo.

He argues that states must create new borders, uniting each separate people within one country. In Africa especially, borders were created by European administrators and are not related to the various peoples.
Creating new ethno-linguistic borders could avoid new massacres such as the one in Rwanda in 1994 between Tutsis and Hutus.

He wrote some books, explaining his ideas. Ethnisme is the most known.

External links
ben-vautier.com, a French site where Fontan's texts and ethnic maps are shown.

1929 births
French ethnologists
1979 deaths
French Communist Party politicians

François Fontan


Scott Simplot (born 1947) is the chairman and chief executive officer of the J.R. Simplot Company and formerly the wealthiest man in Idaho.

Early life and education
Simplot is the youngest son of J.R. Simplot, the founder of the diversified agriculture company J.R. Simplot Company, and his first wife Rudy Rosevear. He received a Bachelor of Science in Business from the University of Idaho in 1968 and went on to earn a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania in 1973.

Career
Simplot first obtained a seat on the J.R. Simplot Company board of directors in 1970 and was hired as the company's director of planning and information technology in 1973, following his graduation from Wharton. He was quickly promoted to more senior positions and became chairman of the board of directors in 2001 after he reportedly "pushed out" his father, J.R.; the two adopted markedly different approaches to management.

During his time at J.R. Simplot Company, Simplot has been credited with engineering the company's lucrative early-stage investment in Micron Technology, which grew to 22-percent of that company by 1996. He is also responsible for the company's 2003 purchase of the Australian arm of John West Foods.

In addition to his seat on the J.R. Simplot Company board, he also serves on the boards of directors of nearly a dozen other companies. In 2016, Forbes named him the wealthiest man in Idaho, with an estimated net worth of $2.1 billion.

Personal life
Bloomberg News described Simplot as being "unassuming, with a thoughtful, almost professorial air," a marked contrast to his gregarious father, which was reflected in their different management styles with J.R. acting on hunches and Scott preferring detailed analysis of potential business actions. He is divorced and has two daughters. His sister, Gay Simplot, is also a billionaire and works with Scott in running the J.R. Simplot company. Gay is divorced from the former Governor of Idaho, Butch Otter.

In 2004 Simplot received an honorary doctorate in Administrative Science from the University of Idaho in recognition of "lifelong achievement, public service, and significant contributions to the state of Idaho and the nation."

References

1947 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Idaho
University of Idaho alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
American billionaires
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople

Scott Simplot


Auli Kyllikki Saari (December 6, 1935 – 1953) was a 17-year-old Finnish girl whose murder in 1953 became one of the most infamous cases of homicide in Finland's history. Her murder in Isojoki remains unsolved.

Background information
Kyllikki Saari was last seen alive on May 17, 1953. She was cycling to her home in Isojoki from a prayer meeting in Merikarvia when, it is believed, she was attacked by an unidentified person. The authorities speculated that the murderer may have had a sexual motive, but no evidence has been produced to support this theory. Although the crime received notable media attention, the murderer has never been identified. Saari's remains were found on October 11, 1953, in a bog. Her bicycle was discovered in a marshy area later that year. Funeral services were held at Isojoki Church on October 25; an estimated 25,000 people attended.

Suspects

Kauko Kanervo
Initially, the prime suspect in the case was Kauko Kanervo, a parish priest who remained under investigation for several years. Kanervo had moved to Merikarvia three weeks before her disappearance, and had been reported as having been in the area on the evening of Saari's disappearance. An investigation determined Kanervo had been dean of the party and spent the late night hours in the parsonage. With all but 20 minutes of his time accounted for, the authorities deduced the priest could not have had enough time to go to Isojoki (60 kilometres away from Merikarvia), as he did not have a driver's license or an automobile.

Hans Assmann

The wife of Hans Assmann, an alleged KGB spy and suspect in the 1960 Lake Bodom murders, reported that her husband and his driver were near Isojoki at the time of the murder. Assmann also owned a light-brown Opel, the same type of car several witnesses had seen near the murder scene. Assmann's wife also reported that one of her husband's socks was missing and his shoes were wet when he returned home the evening of the murder. There were also dents in the car. A few days later, the two men allegedly left again, but this time they brought a shovel with them. Later investigators determined that Saari's murderer must have been left-handed, which Assmann was.

In 1997, Assmann reportedly confessed his involvement in the crime to a former police officer, Matti Paloaro, and claimed responsibility for Saari's death. Assmann claimed the death was caused by an automobile accident when his car, driven by his chauffeur, collided with Saari; to conceal the evidence of the driver's involvement, the two men staged the case as a murder. According to Paloaro, Assmann said on his deathbed, "One thing however, I can tell you right away ... because it is the oldest one, and in a way it was an accident, that had to be covered up. Otherwise, our trip would have been revealed. Even though my friend was a good driver, the accident was unavoidable. I assume you know what I mean."

Vihtori Lehmusviita
Vihtori Lehmusviita was in a mental hospital for long periods, and died in 1967, following which his case was set aside. The man police generally held as a murderer was, at the time, a 38-year-old Isojoki resident living within a 1–2 km radius of the murder scene. In the 1940s, Lehmusviita was found guilty of a sexual offense, and was determined to have a mental illness. The police suspected that Lehmusviita was aided in covering up the crime from a 37-year-old brother-in-law, who had a criminal background. Both Lehmusviita and his brother-in-law knew the local terrain very well, as they had a common working field located fifty meters from where Saari was found. There was a shovel in the field that was used to dig the grave.

Lehmusviita's mother and sister gave him an alibi for the evening of the murder, saying that he was in bed by 19:00 after drinking heavily. When Lehmusviita was interrogated, he said that Saari was no longer alive, and that her body would never be found. Subsequently, he withdrew his statement, claiming that he had been misunderstood. Lehmusviita and his brother-in-law were questioned in the autumn of 1953. Shortly after this incident, the brother-in-law moved to Central Ostrobothnia, and then to Sweden. Lehmusviita was questioned again while he was in a mental hospital for treatment, but his doctor halted the interview when his behavior became strange and confused.

See also
List of solved missing person cases
List of unsolved murders
Lake Bodom murders – unsolved Finnish triple murder case from 1960
Oven homicide case – unsolved Finnish murder case from 1960
Viking Sally murder mystery – unsolved murder case from 1987, on board the ferry MS Viking Sally
Ulvila murder – unsolved Finnish murder case from 2006

References

1935 births
1950s missing person cases
1953 deaths
Female murder victims
Finnish murder victims
Formerly missing people
Missing person cases in Finland
Child murder in Finland
Unsolved murders in Finland
Incidents of violence against girls
Violence against women in Finland

Kyllikki Saari


Kirkoswald Parish Church is located in the small village of Kirkoswald (on the A77 road), South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is a parish church in the Church of Scotland.

The church is unusual in that its design was, at the very least, strongly influenced by Robert Adam, one of Scotland's outstanding architects. He was working at the time on his masterpiece, Culzean Castle, and there are many Adam features about the church. It was built in 1777 and is essentially unchanged since. A fire in 1997 was confined within the ducted central heating system, and when that was being removed, wet rot, dry rot and plaster fungus were discovered. The building underwent a substantial renovation at that time, but the interior of the church was restored with only minor changes. The church was fortunate in being able to call on the architectural historians working at Culzean, and the colour scheme is now as close to the original as could be achieved.

This church was built as a replacement for an older church—built around 1220—the ruins of which are still visible in the village, in the middle of the old graveyard  The graveyard has a number of interesting graves, mainly because of the strong links with Robert Burns, whose mother (Agnes Broun) came from this village. The poet also spent around 9 months in the village in 1776, when he was 17, and most of the characters in his poem "Tam o' Shanter" are based on local people whose graves are in the old kirkyard and are suitably marked. One noteworthy grave not linked to Burns work is that of Scipio Kennedy, a black African slave who was brought to Scotland in 1702 and lived on the Culzean estate, and given his freedom in 1725.

The church, which is linked with Fisherton Parish Church, is without a minister since the retiral of Arrick Wilkinson at the beginning of February 2013.

References

See also
List of Church of Scotland parishes

Churches in South Ayrshire
Church of Scotland churches in Scotland
Category A listed buildings in South Ayrshire
Listed churches in Scotland
Churches completed in 1777

Kirkoswald Parish Church


In Zulu, the creator is called uMvelinqangi or God according to the Bible is called uNkulunkulu.

In traditional Bantu cultures

Origin, diffusion, and etymology
The original early-Bantu name for the highest God of gods, creator and father of all gods, was probably Nyàmbé, possibly from the verb root -àmb-, "to begin".  With the diversification of Bantu cultures, other names came about, with "Mulungu" emerging in the ancient Southern-Kaskazi group (about 6000 BC).  The etymology of the name is disputed.  One hypothesis is that the name is derived from a verb root -ng-, meaning "to be rectified", "to become right"; in this case, the original concept of Mulungu is that of a creator god that established the original, right order on the world.

Description
All traditional Bantu cultures have a notion of a "creator god", a concept which was already established in the Niger-Congo cultures.  This creator god is usually seen as a remote deity, far and detached from men and living beings; in some cases, it is more of an impersonal "creating force" or a primum movens than a "God" in the usual sense of the word.  Even when described as a personal god, the Creator is believed to be far and detached from men and living beings; this detachment is the subject of a number of Bantu myths describing how the creator left the Earth, moving to the sky, as a consequence of him being upset with men or annoyed by their activities.  It is thus a common trait of Bantu religions that no prayers, and usually no worship, is actually directed to the creator; men interact with lower-levels gods and spirits that are closer and more interested in human affairs.  These general lines are common to traditional concepts of Mulungu as found in Kikuyu, Ruvu, and other cultures.  A Nyamwezi myth about the departure of Mulungu from the Earth involves Mulungu being upset of the fires set by men to the landscape, and asking the spider to weave a web for him to climb up to the sky.

Modern uses
With the advent of either Islam or Christianity, the word "Mulungu" was usually adopted to mean the Christian or Islamic God.  Over thirty translations of the Bible in African languages use the word Mulungu to refer to the Father.  As another example, Jesus Christ is referred to as mwana wa Mulungu ("child of Mulungu") in modern religious songs in Chichewa language (Malawi).  The word was also used in Swahili Islamic literature before the derivative name "Mungu" became more common.

See also
Bantu mythology
Syncretism

Footnotes

References
 Bleeker, C. J. and G. Widengreen (1971), Historia Religionum, Brill. (On GoogleBooks)
 Ehret, Christopher (1998), An African Classical Age.
 Frankl, P. J. L. (1990), The word for "God" in Swahili, «Journal of Religion in Africa» XX (3) (Estratto su JStor)
 Gonzales, Rhonda, Societies, Religions, and History: Central East Tanzanians and the World They Created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE. Online text
 Nurse, Derek and Thomas J. Hinnebusch. Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1993.

Bantu religion
African gods
Thunder gods
Sky and weather gods
Names of God in African traditional religions

Mulungu


St. Peter's Church (, ) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia, dedicated to Saint Peter. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia.

History
First mention of the St. Peter's Church is in records dating to 1209. The church was of masonry construction and therefore undamaged by a city fire in Riga that year. The history of the church can be divided into three distinct periods: two associated with Gothic and Romanesque building styles and the third with the early Baroque period. The middle section of the church was built during the 13th century, which encompasses the first period. The only remnants of this period are located in the outer nave walls and on the inside of a few pillars in the nave, around which larger pillars were later built.

Second period of construction
The second period dates to 1408–09, when master builder   from Rostock supervised the construction of the sanctuary, based on the St. Mary's Church in Rostock. The sanctuary was almost finished by 1409, but due to the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War it was completed and dedicated only in 1419. Other construction work was interrupted by the plague in 1420 and resumed in the 1430s. The 13th-century church was reconstructed in 1456–66 to conform to the newly built sanctuary. Both constructions were joined in the 1470s, thereby creating a mighty basilica with three aisles and ornate vaulted ceilings. The old bell tower was replaced in 1456, and a bell was hung in the new tower in 1477. A  octagonal steeple was added to the tower in 1491, which, along with the church's front facade, dominated the silhouette of Riga. The tower collapsed 11 March 1666, destroying a neighboring building and burying eight people in the rubble. The cornerstone for a new tower was laid 29 June 1667.

Third period of construction
The third period of construction dates to 1671–90, with the construction of the western facade and the new tower. The roof, vaulted ceilings and furnishings were also renovated during this time. Jacob Josten, the Dutch-born master builder of Riga, designed the tower and supervised its construction, which was begun April 1671 by the master mason Heinrich Henicke. Josten was replaced in 1675 by  (1645–1698), the next master builder of Riga. The tower was completed in 1677, but it, along with the church interior, were destroyed already 21 May 1677, during a citywide fire. Bindenshu supervised the subsequent repairs in 1677–79: vaulted wooden ceilings replaced the former masonry vaulted ceilings, and the roof, windows, interior and furnishings were replaced or renovated. First service in the renovated church took place 14 September 1679.
Renovation of the tower began 1686 and was designed by the city engineer Friedrich S. von Dahlen. The city council did not approve of the half-finished steeple, and so it was torn down in 1688. A new  copper-roofed steeple, designed by Bindenshu, was then built. A sphere and rooster were set atop the steeple 10 May 1690. This tower was the tallest wooden construction in Europe at the time.
The western facade of the church was also altered in the later 17th century. The brick construction was covered with reddish limestone from Salaspils and Koknese, and the facade was decorated with volutes, pilasters, cornices, vases and borders made of Gotland stone. In 1692 the Riga City Council approved a design by Bindenshu and the mason Andreas Peterman for three identical portals. The merchant Klaus Mistett financed the portals, which were built by H. Henneken, Johann Daniel Schauss, Johann Gerwin and several other sculptors. The portals were decorated with Baroque style limestone sculptures. In 1694 L. Martini installed a new tower clock with a glockenspiel from Amsterdam.

First reconstruction
The newly renovated church served for a mere 29 years, for lightning struck and set fire to the tower and church 10 May 1721. Only the church and tower walls remained standing after the fire. Reconstruction of the church began immediately under the direction of the master carpenter Tom Bochum and master mason Kristofer Meinert. By 1723 the building already had a temporary roof. Johann Heinrich Wilbern took over supervision of the project in 1740, and under his direction a new  steeple was built in 1746. The steeple was covered with copper-plate and the rooster was gilded in 1746–47.
Christoph Haberland designed a new marble pulpit for the church, which was built in Italy in 1793. In 1794 Haberland renovated the wooden vaulted ceilings in the central sections of the nave. The interior walls were plastered and the lower sections of the pillars were covered with oak panels in 1885 under the direction of architect Reinhold Georg Schmaeling (1840–1917).

Second reconstruction

Artillery fire destroyed the church on 29 June 1941. Conservation and restoration began 1954 with research by architect Pēteris Saulītis. The work was carried out from 1967 to 1983 under the direction of Saulītis and architect Gunārs Zirnis. Renovation began with the metal tower frame. A rooster – a precise reproduction of the previous rooster and the seventh rooster in all – was placed atop the steeple 21 August 1970. The renovated tower clock began to show time in July 1975. According to tradition, it has only an hour hand. The bell music began in 1976; it plays the Latvian folk melody "Rīga dimd" five times a day and bells ring at the top of every hour. The tower has an elevator installed that allows visitors a view of Riga from a height of . Renovation of the interior of the church ended in 1984. The Polish company "PKZ" restored the main facade and portals in 1987–91. The St. Peter's Latvian Lutheran congregation resumed services in the church 1991, and the church was returned to the ownership of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia on 4 April 2006.

During World War II, the church lost an important object of cultural heritage - an impressive bronze candelabrum made in 1596 - which was taken to the town of Włocławek by Germans from Riga, resettled during "Heim ins Reich" action to annexed Polish territories. The 310 cm high and 378 cm wide candelabrum, previously called a standing lantern, was ordered by the City Council of Riga from the metal founder Hans Meyer's Riga foundry. After the war, it was displayed in Włocławek's Basilica Cathedral of the St. Mary of Assumption. On 1 March 2012 this piece of the Late Renaissance art returned to its ancient home, as a result of an agreement on the repatriation of cultural properties. The statue of the rooster on the top of the church weighs 158 kg and 140 grams of gold were used to gold plate the statue.

Gallery

Panorama

References

Sources

External links

13th-century churches in Latvia
Churches completed in 1419
15th-century churches in Latvia
Churches in Riga
Gothic architecture in Latvia
Romanesque architecture in Latvia
Baroque architecture in Latvia
Rebuilt churches
Lutheran churches in Latvia

St. Peter's Church, Riga


Arctostaphylos osoensis is a species of manzanita known by the common name Oso manzanita. It is endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it is known from only two occurrences on the northern edge of the Los Osos Valley.

Description
This is a spreading shrub reaching at least a meter in height and known to grow over four meters tall. The bark is grayish in color and shreddy. The foliage is dense with shiny, pointed, smooth-edged or toothed green to reddish leaves each up to 3 centimeters long.

The inflorescence is a loose bunch of urn-shaped manzanita flowers each about 6 millimeters long. The fruit is a hairless drupe between 0.5 and one centimeter wide containing several rounded seeds.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment — Arctostaphylos osoensis
USDA Plants Profile: Arctostaphylos osoensis
Arctostaphylos osoensis — Photo gallery

osoensis
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of San Luis Obispo County, California
•
Plants described in 1992

Arctostaphylos osoensis


Larry Vern Erickson (February 8, 1936 – October 8, 2013) was an American novelty song vocalist.

Biography
Verne recorded two U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart hit singles in 1960, "Mister Livingston" (No. 75) and "Mr. Custer" (No. 1, and No. 9 R&B). "Mr. Custer" was written by Fred Darian, Al De Lory, and Joe Van Winkle. The record sold over one million copies, earning a gold disc. In the UK, "Mr. Custer" was successfully covered by Charlie Drake. "Mr. Custer" was featured on an album of novelty songs recorded by Verne called Mister Larry Verne, which was released that same year.

After growing tired of the music industry, Verne quit to become a successful builder of Hollywood film sets, which he did for 35 years before retiring.

Death
Verne died on October 8, 2013, of heart failure in Sylmar, California, at the age of 77. He had long suffered from Alzheimer's disease and had suffered three strokes.

Discography

Singles

References

External links

American male singers
1936 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Minneapolis
Era Records artists
Deaths from dementia in California
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Singers from Minnesota

Larry Verne


American singer Mya has released eight studio albums, one mixtape, five extended plays and sixty-one singles (including nine as a featured artists, seven promotional singles, and four charity singles). To date, Mya has sold over 20 million records worldwide. For the 2000s decade, Billboard listed her as one of their Hot 100 Artists of 2000s. According to Luminate, Mya has sold over 3.2 million albums in the United States. Additionally, she has sold seven million albums worldwide. As of 2023, the Recording Industry Association of America lists her total certified sales as a solo artists (including features) at five million in the United States.

In 1998, she released her certified platinum eponymous debut album. A commercial success, it produced her first U.S. gold certified top ten single "It's All About Me" featuring Sisqó and two more top forty pop hits, "Movin' On" and "My First Night with You." Her collaborative efforts – Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)" and "Take Me There" continued her streak of hit singles. The former a massive No.1 single topping the charts around the world. While the latter despite its higher peak position in the U.S. performed modesty globally. Her second studio album, Fear of Flying (2000), a multiplatinum success  produced three charting singles – "The Best of Me," "Case of the Ex," and "Free." Her breakthrough single, "Case of the Ex" dominated the charts stateside and internationally. "Free," the album's third and final single performed similarly. A collaboration with reggae artist Beenie Man followed. "Girls Dem Sugar" garnered minor chart success domestically, however became a fairly modest hit worldwide. In 2001, she was featured on the Grammy Award-winning global massive No.1 hit single, "Lady Marmalade." The single earned Mya her first and to date only No.1 single in the United States, topping the Hot 100 for five consecutive weeks. By mid 2001, Harrison had amassed an impressive nine Top 10 hits and sold more than six million albums worldwide. Her next single, "Where the Dream Takes You," a tender pop ballad recorded for the soundtrack of the Disney's film Atlantis: The Lost Empire garnered poor reception from critics and media.

Following a brief absence, the singer returned with her third studio album, Moodring (2003). Released in July, another success, the album was certified gold by Recording Industry Association of America within two month. It was preceded by the album's first single – "My Love Is Like...Wo." "My Love Is Like...Wo" became a Top 20 hit on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. "Fallen," its follow-up performed modestly. In the midst of promoting Moodring, video game developer Electronic Arts had approached and requested Mya to write, produce and record a theme song for their new James Bond video game, James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing. The result, "Everything or Nothing," a rave, techno-inspired song which was greeted with warm reception. Following a label change to Universal Motown, Harrison's often-delayed fourth studio album, Liberation (2007), – it would her last studio album under major label system – received a digital release in Japan only. It produced two singles – "Lock U Down" and "Ridin'." Both singles underperformed on the charts.

Since her departure from the major label system, she established her own record label Planet 9 and released eight projects – Sugar & Spice (2008), a Japan-exclusive album, Beauty & The Streets Vol.1 (2009), K.I.S.S. (Keep It Sexy & Simple) (2011), her most pop and club oriented album, a trio of R&B–rooted EPs – With Love (2014), Sweet XVI (2014), Love Elevation Suite (2015), the critically acclaim Grammy nominated Smoove Jones (2016) and T.K.O. (The Knock Out) (2018).

In between, during, and after recording those projects, she released a slew of standalone singles – "Love Is the Answer," NOH8 theme song, "G.M.O. (Got My Own)," "I Deserve It," "I'ma Do It," "Just Call My Name," "Forever My Love," "True Love," "You Got Me, Part II," "Space and Time," "Handsfree," "Without You," "Worth It," and "Whine."

Albums

Studio albums

Mixtapes

EPs

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Album appearances

Soundtrack appearances

See also
 Mya videography
 Mya filmography
 List of Mya live performances
 List of songs recorded by Mya

Notes

References

External links
 MyaMya.com — official site

Pop music discographies
Rhythm and blues discographies
Discographies of American artists
Discography

Mya discography


Super Junior Unbelievable Story (Hangul: 슈퍼주니어의 기막힌 이야기) is a 25-minute one-act drama starring Super Junior members Lee Sung-min and Leeteuk. It aired on MBC Every 1 on March 21, 2008 as part of MBC's Triple Drama lineup.

Although the drama surrounds Super Junior-T, only Sungmin and Leeteuk play themselves while the other members are played by comedians with very little resemblance.

Plot
Super Junior-T are famous in South Korea for their song "Rokkugo", but Sungmin constantly feels overshadowed because of his lack of talent and good looks. Wandering the streets at night, the only person who recognizes him as a celebrity is an unattractive ahjumma. Sungmin meets a fortune teller and is given a magic skipping rope. Not knowing its secret, Sungmin uses it to try to get into shape. As he skips, he turns invisible just as the other members walk by. They voice their concerns about Sungmin's unwillingness right in front of him and they all walk away except Leeteuk. Offended by their lack of faith, Sungmin stops skipping and shocks Leeteuk with his sudden reappearance, causing him to pass out. Now knowing his ability, Sungmin goes on mischievous adventures such as trying to go into the women's bathing room.

One his way home he sees a woman (Enjel) being harassed by two men and decides to finally use his ability for a good deed. Right then, Leeteuk walks by just in time to see Sungmin turn invisible. Sungmin sneaks up on the thugs and scare them away. He, as well as Leeteuk, are immediately smitten by Enjel's beauty.

For the next few days, Sungmin uses his rope to follow her around until he becomes exhausted. Sungmin takes Enjel to the park where she tells him she has always wanted a puppy. Secretly, Sungmin uses his rope again and visits the fortune teller one more time. Leeteuk again passes by and sees Sungmin place the new puppy beside Enjel before disappearing. As Leeteuk looks on uncertainly, it is revealed to the audience that Leeteuk was actually the person who saved Enjel by throwing a can at the thugs. Not seeing him, they had thought that Sungmin had been the one to have physically thrown it, thinking him to be a ghost.

That night, Leeteuk takes the skipping rope from the sleeping Sungmin, saying it is for his own good. The next day, Sungmin discovers Enjel had not returned his calls, nor does she want to talk to him. Arriving at her house for answers, Enjel simply throws the rope back at him and calls him a liar. Leeteuk later confesses before a performance that he had visited Enjel and presumably told her the truth about the rope. Enraged by this revelation, Sungmin suddenly punches Leeteuk and lashes out about having trusted him as a leader and a brother. Leeteuk punches him back and exclaims that Super Junior-T is falling apart because of his aloof behavior, and that he should see what is in front of him. Sungmin angrily storms out, declaring he is quitting Super Junior-T.

Sungmin goes to Enjel's house one more time in hopes to catch one last glimpse of her before leaving. He peers through the door and hears someone singing. The unattractive ahjumma appears, singing about how she will deceive men tonight. She then transforms into Enjel. Horrified at what he sees, Sungmin runs away.

It appears that Leeteuk had been suspicious of the true identity and intentions of Enjel, and he had been right all along. Sungmin realizes the skipping rope had caused him more harm than good, and ultimately he throws it into the Han River.

The next day, holding his pride over the humiliation of knowing Enjel's secret, Sungmin still decides to leave Super Junior-T, much to the dismay of the members. As Sungmin walks away, Leeteuk tells him that they had promised to stay together till the end, and that Super Junior-T is nothing without him. Turning back, Sungmin tearfully confesses that he had been completely fooled, and hugs Leeteuk. The members all gather together as one group, now and for always.

Meanwhile, Enjel the ahjumma has retrieved the skipping rope from the Han River.

References

MBC TV television dramas
Super Junior television series

Super Junior Unbelievable Story


Grigory Engelhardt () (1759–1834) was a Russian general during the Napoleonic Wars.

Early career
Engelhardt was born into the Courland nobility. On May 6, 1776, he was enrolled in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment as a noncommissioned officer. On December 3, 1779, he transferred to the Nevsky Musketeer Regiment as a lieutenant.

Engelhardt fought in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 as a captain in the Ryazan Musketeer Regiment. He was wounded in the chest and right thigh at Fredrikshamn, and for his distinguished service was promoted to major. He was made a colonel on October 26, 1798, and a major general on February 5, 1800. On March 15 of that same year he was given the command of the Staroingermanlandskogo Musketeer Regiment.

Campaigns against the French and Turks
Engelhardt participatated in the Austrian campaign and was wounded by shrapnel at Austerlitz. In the 1808-1807 campaign in Prussia and Poland, he was wounded by a bullet in his right leg at Eylau, and at Friedland was badly wounded by shrapnel in his left thigh, left side, and left arm. He was awarded the Order of St. George, third and fourth class, for his distinguished service.

In 1808 he was transferred to the Moldavia/Wallachia region, where he fought the Turks in 1809 through 1811.

1812 and after
In the 1812 campaign, he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 8th Infantry Division and fought against the Austrians and Poles in Volhynia and in the pursuit of the retreating enemy from Lutsk to Volkovysk. He then fought the French at Garnastaevichy, Volkovysk, and Kamenetz-Zhuravskii.

In 1813, he participated in the capture of Białystok and of Warsaw and fought at Lutzen and Bautzen, where a severe bullet wound in the left thigh caused heavy bleeding which forced him out of the action.

In 1815, Engelhardt participated in the second campaign in France as commander of a brigade in the 8th Infantry Division, and then briefly commanded the 3rd Brigade of the 23rd Infantry Division. Due to his wounds, he retired from the service on February 28, 1816.

Honours and awards
 Order of St. Anne, 1st class with diamonds
 Order of St. George, 3rd class
 Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
 Cross of Eylau
 Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia)
 Gold Sword for Bravery with diamonds

External links

1759 births
1834 deaths
Imperial Russian major generals
Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
Grigori
Ethnic German people from the Russian Empire

Grigori Engelhardt


Samuel Hunt (born 13 April 1983) is an Australian Rules Footballer who has played for Essendon in the Australian Football League (AFL), Geelong and Bendigo in the Victorian Football League (VFL), the Geelong Falcons in the TAC Cup and South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

Hunt, a tall defender, was drafted by Essendon with the 32nd selection in the 2000 AFL Draft from the 2000 TAC Cup premiership winning Geelong Falcons.  He played the entire 2001 season in the VFL with Essendon's affiliated reserves team, the Bendigo Bombers, and did not make his AFL debut until Round 20 of the 2002 season.  He scored a goal with his first kick in the AFL, but did not score another goal in his AFL career.  He played in two more games that year, including the elimination final, when he was selected a late replacement for James Hird, who was injured.  However he did not play in the AFL again until mid-2005, spending the entire 2003 and 2004 seasons playing for Bendigo in the VFL.  Despite playing in the final two games of the 2005 season, he was delisted by Essendon at the end of the 2005 season.

In 2006 he was rookie listed by Geelong, but was again delisted at the end of the 2007 season, without managing an AFL game for Geelong.  He was, however, a member of their 2007 VFL premiership team, returning to the team after recovering from a hamstring injury.

He then moved to Western Australia and joined the South Fremantle Football Club and became a vital part of the Bulldogs' defence, coming second in the 2008 best and fairest award and winning the best backman award.  The following year he was one of South's best players in their 2009 WAFL Grand Final victory, playing at full back he kept Subiaco's champion full-forward Brad Smith goalless in Smith's final game of football.

References

External links

WAFL player statistics

Essendon Football Club players
South Fremantle Football Club players
1983 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Geelong Falcons players
St Joseph's Football Club players
Place of birth missing (living people)

Sam Hunt (Australian footballer)


Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.

Academic career
Twardowski's family belonged to the Ogończyk coat of arms.

Twardowski studied philosophy at the University of Vienna with Franz Brentano ,and Robert von Zimmermann. In 1891 he received his doctorate with his dissertation, Idee und Perzeption (Idea and Perception).

In 1894 Twardowski published a book, entitled Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen, Eine psychologische Untersuchung (On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations). The book was written between 1891 and 1893, although excerpts of the book were republished under the title On the Content and Object of Representations, which is an early text on semiotics.

Twardowski originated many novel ideas related to metaphilosophy.

He lectured at the University of Vienna in the years 1894 and 1895.

In 1895 was appointed professor at Lwów (Lemberg in Austrian Galicia, now Lviv in the Ukraine). An outstanding lecturer, he was also a rector of the Lwów University during  World War I. There Twardowski soon established the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic and became the "father of Polish logic". Among his students were the logicians Stanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz and Tadeusz Czeżowski, the psychologist Władysław Witwicki, the historian of philosophy Władysław Tatarkiewicz, the phenomenologist and aesthetician Roman Ingarden, as well as philosophers close to the Vienna Circle such as Tadeusz Kotarbiński and Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz.

Twardowski also established the Polish Philosophical Society in 1904, the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Poland in 1907, and the journal Ruch Filozoficzny in 1911.

He officially retired in 1930.

Work
In his 1894 book On the Content and Object of Presentations (also known as On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations), Twardowski argues for a distinction between content and object in the frame of the theory of intentionality of his teacher Franz Brentano. According to him the mind is divided in two main areas: acts or mental phenomena, and a physical phenomenon. For example, an act of mental representation is aimed at a presentation. This is what he called 'intentionality', aboutness. Every act is about something, but also every presentation goes together with an act of presentation.

This theory suffers from the problem that it is not clear what the presentation exactly is. Is the presentation something only in the mind, or is it also in the world as object? Twardowski says that sometimes presentation is used for the object in the world and sometimes for the immanent content of a mental phenomenon.

Twardowski offers a solution for this problem and proposes to make a distinction between the content of a presentation and the object of a presentation.

In his book Twardowski offers an analogy to clarify this distinction. He uses the example of a painting. People say of a landscape that it is painted, but also of a painting that it is painted. In the first case the word 'painting' is used in a modifying way (a painted landscape is not a landscape at all), while in the latter case the word painting is used in a qualitative or attributive way. Twardowski argues that presentations are similar. The content is the painted painting and the object is the painted landscape. The content resembles the present 'picture' in one's mind, and the object the landscape.

Bibliography

Works in German and Polish
 Über den Unterschied zwischen der klaren und deutlichen Perception und der klaren und deutlichen Idee bei Descartes (On the difference between clear and distinct perception and between clear and distinct ideas in Descartes, doctoral dissertation, 1891)
 Idee und perzeption. Eine erkenntnis-theoretische Untersuchung aus Descartes (1892)
 Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen (On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations, habilitation thesis, 1894)
 Wyobrażenie i pojęcie (1898)
 O tzw. prawdach względnych (1900)
 Über sogenannte relative Wahrheiten (1902)
 Über begriffliche Vorstellungen (1903)
 Das Wesen der Begriffe allegato a Jahresbericht der Wiener philosophischen Gesellschaft (1903)
 O psychologii, jej przedmiocie, zadaniach, metodzie, stosunku do innych nauk i jej rozwoju (1913)
 Rozprawy i artykuły filozoficzne (1927)
 Wybrane pisma filozoficzne (1965) (Collection of the philosophical essays)
 Wybór pism psychologicznych i pedagogicznych (1992) (Collection of the psychological and pedagogical essays)
 Dzienniki (1997)

Translations
 On the Content and Object of Presentations. A Psychological Investigation. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1977. Translated and with an introduction by Reinhardt Grossmann.
 On Actions, Products and Other Topics in Philosophy. Edited by Johannes Brandl and Jan Wolenski. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1999. Translated and annotated by Arthur Szylewicz.
 On Prejudices, Judgments and Other Topics in Philosophy. Edited by Anna Brożek e Jacek Jadacki. Amsterdam: Rodopi 2014.
 Sur les objets intentionnels (1893–1901). Paris: Vrin 1993. French translation of Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen and other texts by Edmund Husserl.

See also
 Representationalism
 Logology (science of science)
 Polish logic
 History of philosophy in Poland
 List of Poles

References

Sources

1866 births
1938 deaths
19th-century essayists
19th-century Polish philosophers
19th-century psychologists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Polish non-fiction writers
20th-century Polish philosophers
20th-century psychologists
Abstract object theory
Epistemologists
History of logic
History of psychology
Lecturers
Members of the Lwów Scientific Society
Metaphilosophers
Metaphysicians
Ontologists
Phenomenologists
Philosophers of logic
Philosophers of mind
Philosophers of psychology
Philosophy academics
Philosophy writers
Polish essayists
Polish logicians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Academic staff of the University of Lviv
University of Lviv rectors
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery

Kazimierz Twardowski


André Amellér (2 January 1912 – 14 May 1990) was a French composer and conductor. He is considered part of the French school of 20th-century classical music.

Amellér played double bass for the Opéra national de Paris from 1937 to 1953, except for a brief period spent as a prisoner of war in Germany. He was the director of the conservatoire national in Dijon from 1953 to 1981.

Education
Amellér was born in Arnaville, Meurthe et Moselle to a family of amateur musicians. He began studying violin at a young age in the family's home in Chelles. He later began playing double bass. In January 1930, he joined the 24th Infantry Regiment of the French Army, playing in the regiment band.

While still a soldier, Amellér began his studies at the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Paris in 1931 under Édouard Nanny. He played for Concerts Poulet in 1932, then joined the Pasdeloup orchestra. He appeared as a soldier in the film Wooden Crosses, and used the money from that role to buy his first double bass. In 1934, he graduated with honours from the Conservatoire de Paris with a degree in double bass. Between 1934 and 1947, he also received degrees in conducting, harmony, fugue, counterpoint, composition and music history.

Career
In 1937, Amellér won a position as double bassist in the Opéra national de Paris. He played under conductors Bruno Walter, Arturo Toscanini, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Albert Wolff and Paul Paray. When France entered World War II, his regiment was mobilized; he was taken prisoner and spent time as a prisoner of war in Oflag XIII. After being liberated, he returned to his position in the Opéra national in 1942.

In April 1953, Amellér became the director of the École Nationale de Musique in Dijon. He began adding classes and recruiting more teachers to the school. He also participated in the UNESCO International Conference on the Role and Place of Music in Education of Youth and Adults in Brussels. In 1977, the school became the Conservatoire National de Région pour la Musique, l'Art Dramatique et la Danse. Amellér retired as director in 1981.

Amellér was the vice-president of the International Society for Music Education (ISME) from 1972 to 1976. He was also the president of the Ordre National des Musiciens and the Confédération Musicale de France.

Amellér was also a prolific composer, creating almost 400 works, including pieces for orchestra, voice, and numerous solo instruments.

Major compositions
Amellér composed numerous works, including:
Operas
 La lance de Fingal (1957)
 Cyrnos (1951-1960)

Orchestral works
 Annapurna (1952)
 Danse de Séléné (1955)
 À quoi rêvent les jeunes filles (1957)
 Hétérodoxes (1970)
 Dentelles et Broderies valencianes (1973)
 Airs hétérogène (1966)
 Crescendo pour grande formation d'harmonie (1974)
 Les Camisards, symphonic poem (1975)

Concertante
 Concerto for cello and orchestra (1947)
 Fantaisie for 2 guitars and string orchestra (1986)

Chamber music
 Sarabande for viola solo, Op.80 (1953)
 Jeux de table for alto saxophone and piano (1954)
 Trois pièces faciles (3 Easy Pieces) for viola and piano, Op.208 (1973)
 Mon premier concert (My First Concert), 6 Easy Pieces for viola and piano, Op.218 (1975)
 L'arc-en-ciel (The Rainbow), 7 Easy Pieces for viola and piano, Op.221 (1975)
 Sourire (Smile) for viola and piano, Op.307 (1983)
 Petit nuage (Little Cloud) for viola and piano, Op.308 (1983)
 Suite florentine for cello solo (1984)
 Sonatina for viola or violin, Op.357 (1984)
 Speranza for viola or violin and piano, Op.375 (1986)

Awards
 Officer of the Légion d'Honneur (1978)
 Commander of the Ordre National du Mérite (1975)
 Commander of the Palmes Académiques (1981)
 Chevalier des Arts et Lettres (1960)
 Médaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris (1987)

References

External links
 Association pour la Musique d'André Amellér

1912 births
1990 deaths
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
People from Meurthe-et-Moselle
French male conductors (music)
20th-century classical composers
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Commanders of the Ordre national du Mérite
French male classical composers
French classical double-bassists
Male double-bassists
French opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century French composers
20th-century French conductors (music)
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century French male musicians

André Amellér


Cutthroats is an interactive fiction computer game written by Michael Berlyn and Jerry Wolper and was published by Infocom in 1984. It was released for the Amiga, Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, TRS-80, TI-99/4A, and Macintosh. It is Infocom's thirteenth game.

Plot
The game takes place in and around the fictional Hardscrabble Island. For centuries, Hardscrabble was a thriving seaport, but the local fishing industry died out in the 1920s. Most of the area's remaining population is an assortment of hard-luck types and people of questionable ethics.

The player's character is a skilled diver scraping to make ends meet. One night, an old shipmate named Hevlin barges in with a map indicating the locations of two previously undiscovered shipwrecks. Flashing between excitement and paranoia, Hevlin abruptly leaves, asking the player to safekeep the map. Naturally, the old sailor is murdered as he practically steps from the doorway; someone obviously wants this map quite badly.

As the player attempts to mount a perilous dive for sunken treasure, several characters offer their help. Some of them can be trusted and some cannot. Failure to tell the difference between the two can result in an "untimely accident". Successfully making positive contact with the right characters is the only way the player can advance to the actual shipwrecks. Once the dive begins the player must locate and retrieve the treasure from that wreck to complete the game.

Each time the game is played, either the São Vera or the Leviathan is randomly chosen as the wreck to be explored. The other two locations contain no treasure and are red herrings.

The game has 68 locations.

Release
Each package of Cutthroats contained the following physical items:
True Tales of Adventure, a fictional magazine catering to self-styled adventurers
Four Shipwrecks off Hardscrabble Island, a fictional book "published" by the Hardscrabble Harbor Historical Society with information on the wrecks of São Vera, H.M.S. Intrangisent, The Fianna, and S.S. Leviathan.
A dive map indicating the locations and depths of the above four ships
A "supplemental price list" from Outfitters International featuring a tide table. As the equipment available does not appear in list form or in any other reference within the game, the player requires the price list packaged with the game for a successful dive.

Reception
Antic criticized Cutthroats use of timed puzzles that "made us feel as though were being overly manipulated", and called others "obscure, illogical and nearly clueless. Be prepared to mail away for the [Invisiclues]". The magazine concluded that the game was inferior to Berlyn's Infidel.

References

External links
 ''Cutthroats'  at Infocom-if.org]
 Scans of the 'packaging

1980s interactive fiction
1984 video games
Adventure games
Amiga games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit family games
Atari ST games
Classic Mac OS games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Infocom games
Scuba diving video games
TI-99/4A games
TRS-80 games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set on fictional islands
Single-player video games

Cutthroats (video game)


Nancy E. Snow  is a professor of philosophy specializing in ethics and the director of the Institute for the Study of Human Flourishing at the University of Oklahoma. Prior to her move to Norman, she was a professor of philosophy at Marquette University.  In 2022, she will move to the University of Kansas.

Education and career
Snow received a bachelor's degree from the Marquette University in 1980, and a master's in philosophy, also from Marquette, in 1982. She went on to receive a doctorate from the University of Notre Dame in 1988.

Snow accepted an appointment as an assistant professor of philosophy at Arizona State University in 1987, before accepting an appointment as an assistant professor of philosophy at Marquette in 1989, where she has remained since.  She was promoted to associate professor in 1996, and later promoted to full professor. While at Marquette, she served as the Director of Core Curriculum from 2002-2005. While at Marquette, she has driven efforts to improve the quality and diversity of courses the campus offers, especially in the realms of gender and sexuality, believing teaching to be a critically important role of the academic. She is the current associate editor for ethics and philosophy for The Journal of Moral Education, and is currently on the editorial boards of both Ethical Theory and Moral Practice and The Journal of Value Inquiry.

Research areas

Her research has ranged widely, but has mostly focused on moral psychology and on virtue ethics.  She has served as an editor of or on the editorial boards of a number of major journals, and has written or been primary editor of four books (as well as a large number of peer-reviewed papers.)

While Snow's research has dealt with issues in the philosophy of law, social and political philosophy, moral psychology, feminist ethics, business ethics, bioethics, freedom, and determinism, she has focused particularly on virtue ethics and specific virtues.  She has also attempted to, wherever possible, bring psychology in to conversation with philosophy so as to buttress philosophical arguments. She also has a heavy interest in bringing other outside fields in to conversation with western philosophy, including anthropology, literature, theology, and other philosophical traditions such as the eastern philosophical traditions inspired by figures such as Confucius.

Publications
Snow has written or been the primary editor of four books.  She authored Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory, and edited Stem Cell Research: New Frontiers in Science and Ethics, Legal Philosophy: Multiple Perspectives, and In the Company of Others: Perspectives on Community, Family, and Culture.

Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory
In Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory, Snow points out that contemporary approaches to virtue ethics do not engage in a meaningful way with psychology, and thus remain vulnerable to the philosophical situationist challenge. In her book, Snow attempts to lay out an empirically grounded theory of virtue, hoping to avoid the challenges posed by philosophical situationists.  Throughout the book, Snow examines in an empirically grounded way issues surrounding virtue, including advancing an empirical argument as to why virtue is in fact a good thing, and actively trying to counter the arguments of philosophical situationists. Snow considers virtue as a particular form of social intelligence, one that distinguishes itself from other forms of social intelligence by its motivation (care for the well-being of others.)

References

Living people
American women philosophers
Marquette University faculty
Marquette University alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
Writers from Wisconsin
Virtue ethicists
Moral psychologists
Philosophers from Wisconsin
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Scholars of diplomacy
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American women
21st-century American women

Nancy Snow (philosopher)


Amazon Books was a chain of retail bookstores owned by online retailer Amazon. The first store opened on November 2, 2015, in Seattle, Washington. On March 2, 2022, it was reported that all Amazon Books would close on various dates in the future.

Products
The first location in Seattle had approximately 5,000 titles stocked on its bookshelves, using shelf space to display the covers of books facing outwards instead of spines; according to Amazon, the decision was made to showcase the authors and their work, rather than efficient use of space. The shelves displayed positive reviews and star-ratings from the Amazon.com website and prices were matched to online equivalents.

The store also sold Amazon electronics, including the Amazon Kindle e-book reader, the Kindle Fire tablet series, the Amazon Echo, and the Amazon Fire TV. Two locations of Amazon Books had a cafe.

History
The first Amazon Books store opened on November 2, 2015, located at the University shopping center in Seattle, Washington. The store has been described as the first permanent store from Amazon, who opened pop-up shops and pickup outlets on several university campuses in 2015. In February 2016, tech news website Re/code reported that longtime Amazon executive Steve Kessel was leading the retail store initiative, having previously been part of the team to launch the first Amazon Kindle e-reader. During development of the project, it was referred to as "Project Anne" in filings with the city.

On February 2, 2016, a CEO of a shopping center owner claimed that Amazon planned to open as many as 400 bookstores; the statement was retracted by the company the following day.

Amazon Books' second store opened on September 7, 2016, in San Diego, California,. It was followed by openings at Washington Square near Portland, Oregon, Legacy Place in Dedham, Massachusetts, Chicago, New York City, and Paramus, New Jersey. Other stores in New York City, Bellevue, Washington, Atlanta, Georgia, Pacific Palisades (Los Angeles) were expected to open between 2017 and 2019.

In November 2016, Amazon Books began charging non-Amazon Prime members a separate price for books and other non-electronic products, while Amazon Prime members retained the online price-matched rate.

On March 2, 2022, it was reported that all Amazon Books would close. In addition to the bookstores, Amazon will close its 4-star and pop up stores on various dates in the future.

Reception
Local bookstores in the Seattle area described wariness over the physical presence of Amazon.com, with the University Book Store in the U District noting "different spending patterns" two months after the opening of Amazon's store; an Amazon spokesperson dismissed the notion that Amazon Books would interfere with independent bookstores and their operations, stating that "offline retail is a big space with room for lots of winners."

The executive vice president of Half Price Books, a national chain of new and used bookstores, saw the interest that Amazon is showing in expanding brick-and-mortar bookstores as something good for the industry, stating in February 2016 that it was a sign that the "printed word isn't dead."

After the announcement of a third store in Portland, Oregon, CEO Miriam Sontz of local bookstore Powell's Books stated that Amazon's move to open physical stores was an acknowledgement that "something special occurs in a physical bookstore that is not replicable online" and that Portland was "filled with book lovers and book buyers", quoting bank robber Willie Sutton's quip that he targeted banks "because that's where the money is."

The New Yorker, covering the first New York City store opening at Columbus Circle, called it in a headline "Not Built for People Who Actually Read," continuing to say the store is "designed to further popularize, on Amazon, that which is already popular on Amazon."

References

External links

Bookstores of the United States
Bookstores in Manhattan
Amazon (company)
Companies based in Seattle
American companies established in 2015
Bookstores established in the 21st century
Retail companies established in 2015
2015 establishments in Washington (state)

Amazon Books


The garifuna drum is a membranophone percussion from the Garifuna culture in Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. The garifuna drums play a very important role in garifuna music. There are two types of drums used, Primero (tenor drum) and Segunda (bass drum). These drums are made of hollowed out hardwood such as mahogany or mayflower, but other woods are also used. This percussion has one drumhead of skin from peccary pig, deer or sheep. The garifuna drums are played by the hands and are usually performed while seated.

References

External links
Video - garifuna drum making
- more garifuna drum making
Video - garifuna drum strokes

Drums
Central American and Caribbean percussion instruments
Belizean musical instruments
Guatemalan musical instruments
Honduran musical instruments

Garifuna drum


An analog signal is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies continuously with the pressure of the sound waves.

In contrast, a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence of quantized values. Digital sampling imposes some bandwidth and dynamic range constraints on the representation and adds quantization error.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey or be considered analog signals.

Representation
An analog signal uses some property of the medium to convey the signal's information. For example, an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as the signal to convey pressure information. In an electrical signal, the voltage, current, or frequency of the signal may be varied to represent the information.

Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal; such a signal may be a measured response to changes in a physical variable, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure. The physical variable is converted to an analog signal by a transducer. For example, sound striking the diaphragm of a microphone induces corresponding fluctuations in the current produced by a coil in an electromagnetic microphone or the voltage produced by a condenser microphone. The voltage or the current is said to be an analog of the sound.

Noise

An analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels, recording and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As the signal is transmitted, copied, or processed, the unavoidable noise introduced in the signal path will accumulate as a generation loss, progressively and irreversibly degrading the SNR, until in extreme cases, the signal can be overwhelmed. Noise can show up as hiss and intermodulation distortion in audio signals, or snow in video signals. Generation loss is irreversible as there is no reliable method to distinguish the noise from the signal.

Converting an analog signal to digital form introduces a low-level quantization noise into the signal due to finite resolution of digital systems. Once in digital form, the signal can be transmitted, stored, and processed without introducing additional noise or distortion using error detection and correction.

Noise accumulation in analog systems can be minimized by electromagnetic shielding, balanced lines, low-noise amplifiers and high-quality electrical components.

See also

 Amplifier
 Analog computer
 Analog device
 Analog signal processing
 Magnetic tape
 Preamplifier

References

Analog circuits
Electronic design
Television terminology
Video signal

Analog signal


El Hadji Baye Oumar Niasse (born 18 April 1990) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a forward.

Niasse has played top-flight football in Senegal, Norway, Turkey, Russia and England. He won the 2011 Senegal Premier League with Ouakam and scored in Lokomotiv Moscow's win in the 2015 Russian Cup Final. He signed for Everton for a £13.5 million transfer fee in 2016. Niasse made his full international debut for Senegal in 2013.

Club career

Ouakam
Born in Ouakam, Dakar Department, Niasse began his football career with hometown club US Ouakam in the second tier. He signed his first professional contract with Ouakam in 2008 and in the 2008–09 season helped his team win the Second League title by scoring 21 goals. Playing as a winger, Niasse also played a key role in Ouakam winning the Senegal Premier League title in 2011.

Niasse started a trial with Norwegian club Brann in February 2012, and after impressing signed for the club on a six-month loan. His time in Norway was hampered by poor form and injuries, and he returned to Senegal after playing just three Tippeligaen matches.

Akhisar Belediyespor
After a trial period with French club Saint-Étienne, Niasse was offered a contract to join the club but refused the offer. He joined the summer camp of Turkish Süper Lig club Akhisar Belediyespor and signed permanently with them in August 2013. Niasse scored on his debut in Turkey and ultimately finished the season with 15 goals.

Lokomotiv Moscow

Before the 2014–15 season, Niasse signed with Russian club Lokomotiv Moscow in July 2014 for a €5.5 million transfer fee.  He scored Lokomotiv's equalising goal in the Russian Cup Final against Kuban Krasnodar on 21 May 2015 as his side went on to win 3–1 after extra time.

Everton
Niasse joined English Premier League club Everton on 1 February 2016 for a transfer fee of approximately £13.5 million, signing a four-and-a-half year contract. He made his debut for the club against AFC Bournemouth on 20 February 2016, entering as an 80th-minute substitute for striker Romelu Lukaku.

After 152 minutes of football in his first season at the club, Niasse was not given a squad number for the following 2016–17 season. He was informed by then-Everton manager Ronald Koeman he would need to search for a new club during the summer 2016 transfer window, saying, "[I]f Niasse likes to play football he needs to leave Everton."

However, following the close of the transfer deadline for loaning and signing players in England, he was listed as part of the 25-man Everton squad for the 2016–17 season submitted on 1 September 2016 and eventually issued squad number 24.

In October 2016, Niasse was demoted to the under-23 squad and had his personal locker revoked.

Loan to Hull City
On 13 January 2017, Niasse signed a loan contract with Hull City until the end of the 2016–17 season with an option for a £10 million permanent transfer from Everton. He made his debut the next day as an 83rd-minute substitute for Abel Hernández in a 3–1 home win against AFC Bournemouth. His first goal for Hull and in English football came on 26 January in the EFL Cup semi-final second leg against Manchester United, where he made his first start for the club. Hull won the second leg 2–1 but ultimately lost the tie 3–2 on aggregate.

Niasse scored his first Premier League goal in a 2–0 victory against Liverpool on 4 February. On 11 March, he came on as a substitute against Swansea City and scored both goals in a 2–1 victory. Hull were relegated to the Championship at the end of the season and opted not to exercise its option to outright purchase Niasse.

Return to Everton
After returning to Everton, Niasse made his first appearance since his return as a substitute in the EFL Cup third round match against Sunderland at Goodison Park on 20 September 2017, scoring Everton's third goal of a 3–0 win. Manager Ronald Koeman named Niasse in Everton's 25-man Premier League squad upon his return from loan and consequently issued him a squad number. However, Koeman omitted Niasse from Everton's UEFA Europa League squad. On 23 September, Niasse scored two goals against AFC Bournemouth in a 2–1 Premier League win, helping Everton to come back from a goal down. On 5 November, Niasse scored Everton's first goal in a 3–2 home win against Watford, having been losing 2–0. Thirteen days later, he scored in a 2–2 draw away to bottom side Crystal Palace. Niasse sparked controversy in the match by appearing to dive to win Everton a penalty, which was converted by Leighton Baines to make the score 1–1 in the first half. He subsequently became the first Premier League player to be charged with "successful deception of a match official" under The Football Association's new regulations. Everton appealed the verdict, but the FA rejected the appeal and Niasse received a two-match suspension.

Loan to Cardiff City
On 18 January 2019, Niasse joined fellow Premier League team Cardiff City on loan for the remainder of the season.

Return to Everton
Niasse only played 3 Premier League games during the 2019-20 season, failing to start any of them, as Dominic Calvert-Lewin and Richarlison were the preferred attacking options.

On 26 June 2020, Everton announced that they had not extended his contract until the end of the extended 2019–20 Premier League, and he was released by the club on 1 July along with teammates Cuco Martina and Luke Garbutt.

Huddersfield Town
On 26 March 2021, after a period of training with the club, Niasse signed for EFL Championship side Huddersfield Town. He never made an appearance for the club and left when his contract expired in June 2021.

Burton Albion
On 17 February 2022, Niasse signed for EFL League One side Burton Albion following a short period of training with the club. Niasse scored three goals in twelve appearances in his time at the club before being released at the end of the 2021–22 season.

Morecambe
On 10 March 2023, Niasse signed for relegation threatened League One club Morecambe on a short-term contract until the end of the season.

International career
Niasse was first selected for the Senegal national team in January 2013 as part of an all domestic-based squad. He made his debut on 15 January, starting in a 2–1 friendly loss to Chile in La Serena.

On 25 May 2015, Niasse scored his first international goals, a brace in a 3–1 win over Kosovo at the Stade de Genève. He last played for his country in 2018, and has appeared nine times in total, scoring three goals.

Personal life
His brother, Ibrahima Niasse, is also a professional footballer.

Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Updated to match played 11 June 2018. Senegal score listed first, score column indicates score after each Niasse goal.

Honours
US Ouakam
Senegal Premier League: 2011
Senegal Second League: 2009

Lokomotiv Moscow
Russian Cup: 2014–15

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Dakar
Men's association football forwards
Senegalese men's footballers
Senegal men's international footballers
Eliteserien players
Süper Lig players
Russian Premier League players
Premier League players
English Football League players
SK Brann players
Akhisarspor footballers
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
Everton F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Burton Albion F.C. players
Morecambe F.C. players
Senegalese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Wales
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in England

Oumar Niasse


The Subantarctic snipe (Coenocorypha aucklandica) is a species of snipe endemic to New Zealand's subantarctic islands. The Maori call it "Tutukiwi". The nominate race C. a. aucklandica (Auckland snipe) is found on the Auckland Islands (excluding the main island). Other subspecies include C. a. meinertzhagenae (Antipodes snipe) from the Antipodes Islands, and C. a. perseverance (Campbell snipe) from Campbell Island. The former subspecies from the Snares Islands has been separated as a full species, the Snares snipe (C. huegeli), as have the extinct South Island (C. iredalei) and North Island snipes (C. barrierensis).

Description
The Subantarctic snipe is a small wading bird with adults growing to about  in length. It has cryptic brown plumage, sturdy legs and a slender beak about  long. The head is striped in black and reddish brown and the body is brown, mottled with black and reddish brown.

Distribution
The Subantarctic snipe is endemic to certain islands to the south of New Zealand. Each island or group of islands has its own subspecies. New Zealand formerly had two mainland species of snipe, but both of these are extinct. The South Island snipe (C. iredalei) became extinct on Jacky Lee Island when the flightless weka was introduced and on Big South Cape Island (both the former and the latter muttonbird islands south of Stewart Island), its last refuge  after black rats (Rattus rattus) arrived there in 1964. The last North Island  Snipe (C. barrierensis) was seen in 1870 on Little Barrier Island. The Campbell Island Snipe (C. a. perseverance) were nearly extinguished but a few remained on an outlying islet and recolonised the main island when rats were exterminated there. A further two subspecies are the Antipodes snipe(C. a. meinertzhagenae) on the Antipodes Islands and the Auckland Island snipe(C. a. aucklandica) on the Auckland Islands. The Snares Island snipe (Coenocorypha huegeli) was formerly thought to be a subspecies of the Subantarctic snipe, but is now recognised as a separate species.

Behaviour
The Subantarctic snipe seldom flies, is relatively tame and nests on the ground and this puts it at risk of predation by land-based predators. It favours areas of dense ground cover and feeds on a range of invertebrates. It has a characteristic courtship display which takes place at night when males make vertical dives from considerable heights. Nesting takes place at different dates between August and January on the different islands.

References

 Miskelly, Colin M. (1987): The identity of the hakawai. Notornis 34(2): 95-116. PDF fulltext
 Miskelly, Colin M.; Bell, Elizabeth A.; Elliott, Graeme P. & Walker, Kath J. (2006): 'Hakawai' aerial displaying by three populations of subantarctic snipe (genus Coenocorypha). Notornis 53(4): 375–381. HTML abstract

Endemic birds of New Zealand
Coenocorypha
Birds described in 1845
Taxa named by George Robert Gray
Shorebirds

Subantarctic snipe


Emerging Pictures was a theatrical exhibition company, founded in 2002 by Giovanni Cozzi, Ira Deutchman and Barry Rebo.

Rebo resigned from the company in May 2014.  He is currently the Managing Partner of Eclair, USA. Emerging Pictures was acquired by 20 Year Media in 2015.

The stated mission of the company was to create a national alternative theatrical network out of independent venues such as art house theaters, museums and performing arts centers, connected through the use of digital technology. Emerging Pictures specializes in independent film, documentaries, foreign language films and broadcasts of cultural programming, such as opera, ballet, and Shakespeare plays.

Technology
Emerging installs its proprietary server technology into the projection booths of these theaters and delivers the films to the theaters through a dedicated data line. The company calls its technology "i-Cinema," named for independent and international films, and to differentiate it from Hollywood's d-Cinema standard. Emerging's network is currently 130 venues, and is spread out all over the U.S. It has also begun to expand into other countries and has servers in use in Latvia and Australia. Emerging's platform provides a cost-effective way to distribute films nationally by removing the cost of making or shipping 35mm prints. Emerging's digital network allows for more flexibility of programming by removing the physical element and thus allowing theaters to program more like a television network with different types of programming in different day parts.

Films

First-run films are provided by all the independent distributors in the U.S. including IFC Films, Sony Pictures Classics, Magnolia Pictures, Kino/Lorber Films, Zeitgeist Films and others. Older repertory titles are provided by Universal Pictures and Janus Films.

Cultural Programming

Among the most successful content in its network are cultural programs that are shown live and near-live. Its "Opera in Cinema" program features operas from La Scala (Milan), the Gran Teatre del Liceu (Barcelona), the Salzburg Festival and the Royal Opera House (London). "Ballet in Cinema" includes ballets from the Bolshoi (Moscow), the Mariinsky Ballet (Saint Petersburg) and the Royal Opera House. "Shakespeare in Cinema" features plays from Shakespeare's Globe (London). The "Opera in Cinema" series is considered to be the only major competition for the Met in HD broadcasts from the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Emerging Pictures receives its content from a number of content holders: RAI Trade, Opus Arte, Bel Air Media, C Major, and directly from the Gran Teatre del Liceu.

Distribution
In its early years, the company also used to provide marketing, distribution and exhibition services for filmmakers in the theatrical, television and home video markets.  The company closed its distribution operation in 2009 to focus on building the theatrical network. The only content for which Emerging currently acts as distributor is the cultural content. Much of that content is distributed by Emerging on a worldwide basis.

External links

YouTube Page
"Opera's Unlikely Embrace of the Telecast" New York Times article
"Divas on the Big Screen" Wall Street Journal article
"Opera broadcasts from La Scala, Barcelona returning to local cinemas" LA Times blog article
"Emerging Pictures and Opus Arte Form Agreement" Broadway World article
"A Vacation to Australia As Close As Your Local Theater" IFC.com article
"More Opera Coming to a Movie Theater Near You" New York Times ArtsBeat article
"Opera Indies" Opera News article

References

Film distributors

Emerging Pictures


The Chalanbil's Horse Races are annual horse races that take place in the Chalan Beel region of Pabna, Natore, Sirajganj, Bogra, and Naogaon district, in Bangladesh.

History
Although there is no record of when the festivals actually started in this region, locals organize it regularly in Baishakh. People of Chalan Beel organize the traditional horse race competitions every year at Notabaria village of Chatmohar Upazila. Horse owners from different districts of Chalanbill region participate in the race every year.

The races were themselves patronized by the Zamindars of Natore, mainly the Dighapatia Raj family. It is a matter of tradition for the local people. "It is the inherited pride of my family that I, my father and grandfather participated in horse race competitions. I hope my next generation will keep the tradition alive." racers say.

Event
The horse race competition is three days long. A fair is also organized at neighboring Notabaria field marking the traditional festival. Over a hundred shops were set up in the village fair. The competition was held in two categories:
 Sprint race using leg combination (called Mill Dour in local language) and
 Hurdle race of horses (called Dhap Dour).

Sources

See also
 List of horse breeds

Horse racing in Bangladesh
Horse races in Bangladesh

Chalanbeel Horse Race


Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej () (meaning "The Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic") is a Polish organization in the Czech Republic. It fulfills two main tasks. It coordinates activities of other Polish organizations in the country, and represents Polish minority in negotiations with the Czech government. Current chairman is Mariusz Wałach.

It was created on 3 February 1990, in Český Těšín, as Rada Polaków (The Council of Poles), and was renamed to the current name in 1991. Founders of the Council argued that the Polish Cultural and Educational Union, the only Polish organization in communist Czechoslovakia, did not fulfill its function to represent the Poles, and therefore new organization is needed.

References

External links
  Official website

Polish minority in Trans-Olza
Organizations based in Czechoslovakia
Ethnic organizations based in the Czech Republic

Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic


is a Japanese former amateur Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's middleweight category. Katayama wrestled for the Japanese squad in two editions of the Summer Olympics (1996 and 2000), finishing eighth in Atlanta and seventeenth in Sydney, respectively. Outside the Games, Katayama produced a career tally of seven medals in a major international competition, two of which were awarded at the Asian Games (1994 and 1998). Katayama was also a member of the national wrestling squad under coach and three-time Olympian Yasutoshi Moriyama, while training full time at the Sports Club of Self-Defense Forces in Saitama Prefecture.

Katayama came to prominence in international wrestling, when his country Japan hosted the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima. There, he rounded off the podium with a bronze over Iranian wrestler and 1992 Olympian Ahad Javansalehi in the 74-kg division.

At his maiden Olympics in Atlanta 1996, Katayama started the competition in the men's welterweight category (74 kg) with a powerful 13–2 triumph over Algeria's Youcef Bouguerra, before falling behind Finland's eventual silver medalist Marko Asell in his next bout by a 2–4 verdict. Facing  German opponent Erik Hahn on the losers' circle, Katayama could not hold him tightly on the mat and lost the match 2–5. Originally placed tenth, Katayama upgraded his position to eighth, as two other wrestlers decided to forfeit the final consolation round.

Katayama reached the peak of his wrestling career by winning the gold medal at the 1997 Asian Championships in Tehran, Iran. When he entered the 1998 Asian Games with the best chance to top the podium in the 76 kg category, Katayama narrowly missed a single point to subdue his Kazakh opponent Bakhtiyar Baiseitov (4–5) for gold in the final match, ending his second Asiad with a silver.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Katayama qualified for his second Japanese team in the men's middleweight division (76 kg) by placing seventh and securing a berth at the third Olympic Qualification Tournament in Alexandria, Egypt. Unlike his previous Games, Katayama lost his opening match 0–4 to the eventual champion Murat Kardanov of Russia and could not rally for points to break a 2–2 draw against Hungary's Tamás Berzicza upon the referee's decision, dropping him to the bottom of the prelim pool and seventeenth overall in the final standings..

Shortly after the Games, Katayama retired from competitive wrestling to serve in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.

References

External links

JOC Profile

1971 births
Living people
Japanese male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Japan
Wrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Akita Prefecture
Asian Games medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 1994 Asian Games
Wrestlers at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people

Takamitsu Katayama


The Aachen Altar (de: Aachener Altar) or Passion Altar (Passionsaltar) is a late gothic passion triptych in the Aachen Cathedral Treasury, made by the so-called Master of the Aachen Altar around 1515/20 in Cologne.

Construction and description
The open, three winged polyptych altar image shows scenes from the Passion of Christ to his Ascension in continuous sequence from left to right. At the assumed time of composition, this type of depiction was already well-established. On the left wing of the altar, Jesus is crowned with the Crown of thorns and confronts Pontius Pilate. The central panel depicts the Stations of the Cross, with the Crucifixion of Jesus as the central scene. This panel also shows the Harrowing of Hell and the suicide of Judas. On the right wing is the Lamentation of Christ, his burial, the meeting with Mary Magdalen, and the Ascension.

The painter stresses the passion scenes as a bloody ordeal through the use of red paint throughout the whole image. With the exception of Jesus, Mary and John, everyone is depicted in contemporary clothing in a local landscape. The biblical scenes are presented to the viewer, providing the opportunity for introspection. Furthermore, in the division of the centrepiece into a "good side" on the left of the crucifixion and a "bad side" on the right and in the direction of glances and gestures towards the viewer, the panel demands that the viewer make a personal choice between salvation and damnation.

On the left wing, the soldier bringing Jesus to Pilate has a scimitar and suit of armour of Turkish style, reflecting the great fear of a Turkish attack on Christian Europe at the time of the work's composition. In addition, a child  with signs of down syndrome being deloused by a monkey in the possession of Satan, alludes to the role of Satan (who appears in person on the upper right of the central panel) in Christ's death. The thin youth with a dark beret is often considered a self-portrait of the painter. In the background of the left panel a church with unfinished towers is visible, which was long thought  to be Cologne Cathedral (probably incorrectly). The Schildergasse and the Dreikönigenpförtchen have been similarly identified in the alley in front of the cathedral, while the church facade poking out from behind a column has been identified as the Carmelite cloister of Cologne.

On the outsides of the wings there are six saints under an arcade in front of a brocade pattern, who are face the viewer when the triptych is closed. The outer two saints are Carmelites and are especially emphasised by church steeples. The saints on the left wing are the Carmelite Saint Anthony of Hungary, Saint Barbara, Saint Sebastian; the saints on the left wing are Saint Lawrence, Saint Catherine and the Carmelite Saint Angel.

History
The exact date of the triptych's donation is not known. The supposed donor, Theodericus de Gouda was the Provincial superior of the Carmelite Cloister of Cologne and died in 1539. The triptych was on the Volksaltar of the Cologne Carmelite Church until 1642. It came into the Cologne collection of the Jacob Lyversberg before 1834 after which it went to the Cologne collection of Haan, from whom Aachen Cathedral acquired it in 1872. At that point it was installed in the Choir.

Painter
The unknown master responsible for the work, tentatively identified with the engraver P.W., seems to have been active in Cologne between 1480 and 1580. This explains the close relationship of his work to the works of his contemporaries in Cologne, the Master of St Severin and the earlier Master of the legend of St. Ursula, as a demonstration of the popularity of altar images in Cologne around 1495/1500. Aspects of technique support its origin in the Middle Rhine, but Early Netherlandish influence is visible, as well as that of Antwerp Mannerism. The depiction of the sick child, the blind Roman legionnaires and the syphilitic judges betrays a degree of detail which seems almost medical.

Bibliography
 Herta Lepie, Georg Minkenberg. Die Schatzkammer des Aachener Domes. Brimberg, Aachen 1995, , pp. 46f.
 Marita to Berens-Jurk. Der Meister des Aachener Altars. Mainz 2002.

References

External links

 Aachen Altar in the Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur
 Aachen Altar in the Europeana

Aachen Cathedral Treasury
Paintings depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus
Triptychs
German paintings
Gothic paintings
16th-century paintings
Paintings depicting Mary Magdalene

Aachen Altar


Simple Present Forms

Most Verbs
Positive    Negative    Question        I run.    I do not run.    Do I run?        You run.    You do not run.    Do you run?        We run.    We do not run.    Do we run?        They run.    They do not run.    Do they run?        He runs.    He does not run.    Does he run?        She runs.    She does not run.    Does she run?        It runs.    It does not run.    Does it run?

បច្ចុប្បន្នកាល


The Raymond-Bradford Homestead is a historic house on Raymond Hill Road in Montville, Connecticut.  Built about 1710, it is notable for its history of alteration, dating into the late 19th century, its construction by a woman, Mercy Sands Raymond, in the colonial period, and its continuous ownership by a single family line.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1982.

Description and history
The Raymond-Bradford Homestead is located in a rural setting of central Montville at 999 Raymond Hill Rd, at the northern terminus of Oakdale Road. Connecticut Route 163 passes to the west and south.  It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof.  It has a center entrance, sheltered by a Victorian hood with decorative brackets, and a chimney placed off-center on the rear roof face.  The interior follows a central hall plan today, although it had a central chimney when built.

The house was built in stages, with the oldest portion dating to about 1710.  It was built on land purchased by Mercy Sands Raymond, a widow from Block Island, and James Merritt, apparently by Raymond, who managed a  farm with Merritt and her son Joshua until her death in 1741.  The first owner of the house was Mercy Sands Raymond. During her time on Block Island, Raymond is thought to have accommodated Captain Kidd and was paid handsomely for the help.

The house was substantially altered about 1820, adding Federal style features and changing the roof from a gable to a hip roof.  It was again restyled in the 1870s, when the central chimney was removed, and wood finishes more in keeping with Victorian tastes were installed.  Around this time the rear ell, housing the kitchen, was added.  At the time of its National Register listing in 1982, it was still in the hands of Raymond descendants.

See also
List of the oldest buildings in Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Houses completed in 1710
Montville, Connecticut
Houses in New London County, Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut
1710 establishments in Connecticut

Raymond-Bradford Homestead


The Islamic Bank of Asia (IB Asia) was launched by DBS Bank on 7 May 2007 after receiving official approval from the Monetary Authority of Singapore for a full bank licence. IB Asia's founding shareholders include majority stakeholder DBS and 34 Middle Eastern investors from prominent families and industrial groups from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Profile
IB Asia is incorporated with a paid-up capital of USD500 million with DBS contributing USD250 million and holding a majority stake of 50 percent plus one share. A subsidiary of DBS, IB Asia commence operations on separate ground floor offices in DBS' headquarter facilities and will focus on commercial banking, corporate finance, capital market and private banking services.

IB Asia have an eight-member board of directors with His Excellency, Abdulla Hasan Saif, Advisor for Economic Affairs to the Prime Minister, Bahrain, as Chairman.

Operations
The launch of IB Asia follows DBS' stepped-up participation in the Middle East markets. DBS has placed a significant portion of large, landmark equity IPOs and securitisations in the Middle East and was among the first few Asia-based banks to receive a banking licence from the Dubai International Financial Centre.

Operational Issues
On 14 September 2015, DBS Bank has released a statement to the Singapore Exchange website that as IB Asia is unable to achieve economies of scale when it is operated as a separate entity, therefore DBS Bank would progressively cease IB Asia which was estimated to take about 2 to 3 years. In the same statement, DBS Bank will continue to develop and offers Islamic compliant banking products instead.

As of 11 July 2016, the homepage of IB Asia is not accessible.

References

External links

DBS Group
Factsheet of IB Asia

DBS Bank
Defunct banks of Singapore
Islamic banks
Banks established in 2007
Banks disestablished in 2015
Singaporean companies established in 2007
Singaporean companies disestablished in 2015

The Islamic Bank of Asia