Roger Lawson Gamble (1787 – December 20, 1847) was a United States representative and lawyer from Georgia.

Born near Louisville, in 1787, Gamble studied law, was admitted to the state bar in 1815 and began practicing law in Louisville. He was an officer in the War of 1812. Gamble served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1814 and 1815.

Gamble was elected in 1832 as a Jacksonian to the 23rd United States Congress and served one term from March 4, 1833, until March 3, 1835, as he unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1834. He was elected to the U.S. House again as a Whig to represent Georgia in the 27th U.S. Congress and served one term from March 4, 1841, until March 3, 1843, as his lost his reelection bid for a second term in that seat in 1842. From 1845 to 1847, Gamble served as a judge of the superior court of Georgia. He died in Augusta, Georgia, on December 20, 1847, and was buried in Old Capitol Cemetery in Louisville.

References

External links

1787 births
1847 deaths
People from Louisville, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers
Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges
Members of the Georgia House of Representatives
American military personnel of the War of 1812
Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)
19th-century American politicians
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

Roger Lawson Gamble


OS X El Capitan ( ) (version 10.11) is the twelfth major release of OS X (now named macOS), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It was released after OS X Yosemite and focuses mainly on performance, stability and security. Starting with OS X Mavericks, future operating systems of OS X were named after regions of Northern California. El Capitan was named after a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, to highlight a refined version of its predecessory, OS X Yosemite.

El Capitan is the final version to be released under the name OS X. Its successor, Sierra, was announced as macOS Sierra. El Capitan received much better reviews when compared to Yosemite.

The first beta of OS X El Capitan was released to developers shortly following the WWDC keynote on June 8, 2015. The first public beta was made available on July 9, 2015. There were multiple betas released after the keynote. OS X El Capitan was released to end users on September 30, 2015, as a free upgrade through the Mac App Store.

References

MacOS

OS X El Capitan


The  or  (Latin for "secret of secrets"), also known as the  (), is a treatise which purports to be a letter from Aristotle to his student Alexander the Great on an encyclopedic range of topics, including statecraft, ethics, physiognomy, astrology, alchemy, magic, and medicine. The earliest extant editions claim to be based on a 9th-century Arabic translation of a Syriac translation of the lost Greek original. It is a pseudo-Aristotelian work. Modern scholarship finds it likely to have been written in the 10th century in Arabic. Translated into Latin in the mid-12th century, it was influential among European intellectuals during the High Middle Ages.

Origin
The origin of the treatise remains uncertain. The Arabic edition claims to be a translation from Greek by 9th-century scholar Abu Yahya ibn al-Batriq (died 806 CE), and one of the main translators of Greek-language philosophical works for al-Ma'mun, working from a Syriac edition which was itself translated from a Greek original. It contains supposed letters from Aristotle to his pupil Alexander the Great. No such texts have been discovered and it appears the work was actually composed in Arabic. The letters may thus derive from the Islamic and Persian legends surrounding Alexander. The Arabic treatise is preserved in two versions: a longer 10-book version and a shorter version of 7 or 8 books, the latter is preserved in about 50 copies.

Modern scholarship considers that the text must date to after the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity and before the work of Ibn Juljul in the late 10th century. The section on physiognomy may have been circulating as early as AD 940. The Arabic version was translated into Persian (at least twice), Ottoman Turkish (twice), Hebrew, Spanish, and twice into Latin. (The Hebrew edition was also the basis for a translation into Russian.) The first Latin translation of a part of the work was made for the Portuguese queen  by the converso John of Seville; it is now preserved in about 150 copies under the title Epistola Aristotelis ad Alexandrum de regimine sanitatis ("Aristotle's letter to Alexander on good health"). The second translation, this time of the whole work, was done at Antioch  by the canon Philip of Tripoli for Bishop Guy of Tripoli; it is preserved in more than 350 copies. Some 13th-century editions include additional sections.

Contents
The Secretum Secretorum claims to be a treatise written by Aristotle to Alexander during his conquest of Achaemenid Persia. Its topics range from ethical questions that face a ruler to astrology to the medical and magical properties of plants, gems, and numbers to an account of a unified science that is accessible only to a scholar with the proper moral and intellectual background. Copland's English translation is divided into sections on the work's introduction, the Manner of Kings, Health, the Four Seasons of the Year, Natural Heat, Food, Justice, Physiognomy, and Comportment.

The enlarged 13th-century edition includes alchemical references and an early version of the Emerald Tablet.

Legacy
It was one of the most widely read texts of the High Middle Ages or even the most-read. Amid the 12th-century Renaissance's Recovery of Aristotle, medieval readers took the ascription to Aristotle at face value and treated this work among Aristotle's genuine works. It is particularly connected with the 13th-century English scholar Roger Bacon, who cited it more often than his contemporaries and even produced an edited manuscript with his own introduction and notes, an unusual honor. This led mid-20th century scholars like Steele to claim that Bacon's contact with the Secretum Secretorum was the key event pushing him towards experimental science; more recent scholarship is less sweeping in its claims but still accords it an important place in the research of his later works.

The Latin Secretum Secretorum was eventually translated into Czech, Russian, Croatian, Dutch, German, Icelandic, English, Aragonese, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, and Welsh. The 1528 English translation by Robert Copland was based on Philip of Tripoli's Latin edition.

Scholarly attention to the Secretum Secretorum waned around 1550 but lay interest has continued to this day among students of the occult. Scholars today see it as a window onto medieval intellectual life: it was used in a variety of scholarly contexts and had some part to play in the scholarly controversies of the day.

Notes

References

This article incorporates text derived from NLM Microfilm Reel: FILM 48-123 no. 4; online version.

Further reading
 Mahmoud Manzalaoui, "The pseudo-Aristotelian Kitab Sirr al-asrar: facts and problems", Oriens, vol. 23-24 (1974), pp. 146–257.
 Regula Forster, Das Geheimnis der Geheimnisse: die arabischen und deutschen Fassungen des pseudo-aristotelischen Sirr al-asrar / Secretum Secretorum, Wiesbaden, Reichert, 2006, .
 Steven J. Williams, "The early circulation of the pseudo-Aristotelian 'Secret of Secrets' in the west", in Micrologus, n°2 (1994), pp. 127–144.
 Steven J. Williams, The Secret of Secrets: the scholarly career of a pseudo-Aristotelian text in the Latin Middle Ages,  Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2003, .

External links
 Lewis E 16 Secreta secretorum (Secrets of Secrets) at OPenn
Secretum secretorum of pseudo-Aristotle: e-text (in English, dated 1528)
Three Late Medieval English Translations of the Secreta Secretorum, from late medieval manuscripts, historically valuable for their preservation of late medieval English.

Literature of the Umayyad Caliphate
10th-century Arabic books
Scientific works of the medieval Islamic world
Translations into Latin
12th-century Latin books
Pseudoaristotelian works
Political books
Occult books
Alexander the Great in legend
Ancient Greek pseudepigrapha

Secretum Secretorum


Perpetuum mobile means, two different things in music. One is a kind of piece of music, which is usually played in a fast tempo, and which consists of many short notes. The other is a piece of music that is played over and over.

Composers who used this name include Niccolò Paganini, Carl Maria von Weber and Felix Mendelssohn.

Classical music

Perpetuum mobile


Michael Philip Batt, LVO (born 6 February 1949) is an English singer-songwriter, musician, arranger, record producer, director and conductor. He was formerly the Deputy Chairman of the British Phonographic Industry.

Having attained significant international recognition as a solo artist, his notable contributions in the UK include creating The Wombles pop act, writing many hits including the chart-topping "Bright Eyes", and the introduction of Katie Melua to the music scene.

He has also conducted several orchestras, including the London Symphony, Royal Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, Sydney Symphony and Stuttgart Philharmonic in both classical and pop recordings and performances.

Early life and career
Michael Philip Batt was born on	6 February 1949, in Southampton, England. He attended Peter Symonds School, Winchester. His blog refers to his role as cadet Company Sergeant Major at the school.

Batt began his career in pop music at the age of eighteen when he answered an advertisement placed by Ray Williams in the New Musical Express on behalf of Liberty Records. Batt initially signed as a songwriter and artist to Liberty, but became head of A&R for the label only months later, at the age of nineteen. He signed and produced Tony (TS) McPhee's The Groundhogs and produced their first album, Scratching the Surface.  He produced, co-wrote and played piano on Hapshash and the Coloured Coat's second album, Western Flier. Also in 1969, Batt released as producer/artist a Liberty single, his cover version of The Beatles' "Your Mother Should Know".

1970s
In the early 1970s, aged 23, married with children, and having spent £11,000 recording half of a heavy rock orchestral album that was never released and which nearly bankrupted him, Batt was asked by the producers of a new children's television programme to write the theme music. Instead of taking his £200 fee, Batt asked for the character rights for musical production. The choice produced his first hits as a singer-songwriter/producer by The Wombles, in 1974. The collaboration produced eight hit singles and four gold albums.

No longer financially unstable, Batt moved on to work with various artists as a songwriter/producer, most successfully with Steeleye Span and their single and album All Around My Hat in 1975. Also in 1975, at the end of the summer, he entered the UK Singles Chart with the only hit under his name (credited "Mike Batt with the New Edition") with "Summertime City" — used as the theme music to Seaside Special, the BBC Television series recorded in various UK seaside resorts – which reached number 4.

Batt produced Elkie Brooks' version of  "Lilac Wine" in 1978. The song was a hit in the UK and across Europe. He wrote the song "Bright Eyes" for the animated film version of Watership Down. Recorded by Art Garfunkel, it reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart and was number one in six countries.
Batt also wrote the score for the film Caravans released in 1978.

1980s

As a singer, Batt's solo albums included Schizophonia and Tarot Suite (1979, Epic Records) (both with the London Symphony Orchestra). From these albums came the European hit songs "Railway Hotel", "Lady of the Dawn" and "". He worked on these recordings with such fellow artists as Colin Blunstone and Roger Chapman as singers on Tarot Suite. A version of "Introduction (The Journey of a Fool)" from Tarot Suite was used as the theme for the Sydney radio station Triple M, from its first broadcast in 1980 until the 1990s. Over the course of May 2010, this theme tune, still based on the main central riff from "Introduction (The Journey of a Fool)" was re-recorded by Slash, former Guns N' Roses guitarist, as a new theme to mark the 30th anniversary of Triple M in Sydney. This was released to air at the end of June 2010.

In 1980, he released his next solo album, entitled Waves, recorded at Wisseloord Studios in Hilversum, Holland. In the same year, he went off with his family aboard his boat, Braemar, ending up in Australia after two and a half years, travelling via France, the West Indies, South America, Central America, Mexico, Los Angeles, Hawaii and Fiji.

In 1981, on the Los Angeles-Sydney leg of the sea voyage, he was commissioned to write a piece for the 50th anniversary of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation which became the musical fantasy production Zero Zero. Batt designed, co-directed and starred in the studio-based production of "Zero Zero" shot at Gore Hill studios in Sydney and aired by Channel 4 TV in the UK in the week of the Channel's broadcast launch in 1982. The album, featuring Batt with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, was released on Epic as a Mike Batt solo album. Batt's character "Number 17" falls in love and is sent to an emotional decontamination centre called "Zero Zero". The single, "Love Makes You Crazy", was released by Sony on Epic Records.

Returning to the UK in 1983, Batt wrote, produced and arranged three more Top Ten hits, "Please Don't Fall in Love" (for Cliff Richard), "A Winter's Tale" (for David Essex, with lyrics co-written by Tim Rice) and "I Feel Like Buddy Holly" (for Alvin Stardust). In the same year, he helped write lyrics for Abbacadabra. In 1983, he wrote and produced "Ballerina (Prima Donna)", which, recorded by Steve Harley, peaked at no. 51 in the UK.

He co-wrote with Andrew Lloyd Webber the title song "Phantom of the Opera", producing and arranging the single by Steve Harley and Sarah Brightman. His lyrics were later partially replaced by those of Richard Stilgoe. Batt's arrangement of the song and backing vocal recording are still in the stage version.

The album The Hunting of the Snark, based on Lewis Carroll's poem, was recorded in 1984. However, the album was not released at the time after a dispute with Sony Music, to whom Batt had leased the self-financed masters. Batt went ahead with a promotional concert at the Royal Albert Hall in 1987, which he filmed at his own expense and was shown on BBC 2 TV.

In the late 1980s, Batt also produced, arranged and conducted Justin Hayward's album with the London Philharmonic Orchestra entitled Classic Blue and the music for The Dreamstone. A number of stars performed for the Dreamstone soundtrack; notably Billy Connolly, Ozzy Osbourne, former British heavyweight boxing champion Frank Bruno, and Bonnie Tyler. Batt performed the theme song from the series Better Than A Dream. The first series was completed and broadcast in 1990 and lasted for three more series, ending in 1995.

1990s

In January 1990, Batt was appointed joint Musical Director of the Melbourne Summer Music festival, with the State Orchestra Of Victoria. Among the classical concerts and other programming he conducted, curated and performed on that visit to Australia, he programmed a debut costumed concert of a fuller length version of "The Hunting Of Snark", with narration by Michael Parkinson and the Bellman played by Keith Michell. On a second visit that year, he took the opportunity to mount a more ambitious version of the fully expanded show score at the State Theatre, Sydney. Having tried out the show in Australia Batt moved towards securing funding and a theatre to mount the show in London's West End, and subsequently did so at the Prince Edward Theatre, opening on 24 October 1991.

The production was designed and directed by Batt and starred Philip Quast as the Bellman, David McCallum as Lewis Carroll, and Kenny Everett as the Billiard Marker. There was a 50 piece live orchestra on stage, hidden variously by venetian blinds and gauzes upon which the scenery was projected entirely from more than 200 projectors and involved 12,000 hand-prepared still slides often moving in rapid succession to create animation. This visual technique had been developed by Batt over the years since the launch of his first solo album Schizophonia and had been used in his Zero Zero TV production of 1982. The show's revolutionary visual presentation (critic Sheridan Morley wrote in the International Herald Tribune that "the show's design will revolutionize theatre design for years to come") did not save it from a negative reaction by critics that suggested Batt's visuals were spectacular but that the score was unimpressive.

The show survived only seven weeks at the Prince Edward. There has been much argument about the merits of the piece since it closed. A theatre studies student, Andrew Loretto, even wrote his PhD thesis on the subject "The Snark and the Critics".

In 1995, he made a solo album for Sony Germany, Arabesque. Batt was then commissioned to write the official anthem for the inauguration of the Channel Tunnel by the Queen, entitled "When Flags Fly Together". This was performed for the Queen and President Mitterrand, along with many senior politicians, by The Band of the Royal Engineers, and sung by Robert Meadmore.

Batt composed and produced the four million-selling album The Violin Player, which launched classical violinist Vanessa-Mae (EMI Classics, 1995) from which the top twenty single of his arrangement of J.S. Bach's "Toccata and Fugue" was taken.

In 1997, Batt produced an album for the soprano Anna Maria Kaufmann, with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra; an original dramatic song cycle called Blame It on the Moon, from which his song, "Running with a Dream" was taken as the theme for Germany's national football team at the 1998 World Cup.

Also in 1998, Batt produced, arranged and conducted the album Philharmania with the Royal Philharmonic and guest singers included Joey Tempest, Roger Daltrey, Marc Almond, Bonnie Tyler, Status Quo, Huey Lewis, Kim Wilde, Justin Hayward and others. Later the same year, Batt relaunched The Wombles pop group, with two hits, "Remember You're A Womble" and "The Wombling Song". In 2000, he collaborated with Roy Wood for a single which combined new versions of previous Christmas hits by Wizzard and The Wombles, released as "I Wish It Could Be a Wombling Merry Christmas" . In 1997, the year of The Queen and Prince Philip's Golden Wedding Anniversary, he was commissioned by the military to compose a piece, "Royal Gold", for the massed bands of the Coldstream, Welsh, Irish and Grenadier Guards, together with 100 pipers. The piece was performed in the presence of The Queen and Prince Philip at the Royal Tournament in that year. Batt simultaneously dedicated the piece to his own parents, whose Golden Wedding Anniversary happened to be in the same year.

Later he would compose, arrange and conduct the music for the 1999 Watership Down TV series, with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. An ambitious soundtrack album starring Stephen Gately from Boyzone, Paul Carrack from Mike and the Mechanics, Cerys Matthews from Catatonia and the RPO was recorded but, owing to disagreements with the record label, was never meaningfully released and subsequently acquired by Batt for his Dramatico label some years later. His orchestral suite "Watership Down" was created and recorded by the RPO at this time and is released on Dramatico, which was released in a 2 CD set with the soundtrack to Caravans.

Also for the 1999 release of XTC's album Apple Venus Volume 1, he wrote the orchestral arrangements for the tracks "Green Man" and "I Can't Own Her".

2000s, 2010s and current work

After conceiving and co-creating the all-girl string quartet Bond and producing their first single, he then created the eight piece classical crossover band, The Planets. Their album Classical Graffiti was released in February 2002. It went to number one in the UK classical music chart on the day of release and remained there for three months.

He formed his own record label Dramatico in 2000, working with a small group of artists including Katie Melua, Carla Bruni, Marianne Faithfull, Caro Emerald, Gurrumul, and Sarah Blasko. From 2005, Dramatico became one of the top UK based indie labels. Batt discovered Katie Melua in 2002 while scouting for a new artist with whom to work. Melua's album Call Off The Search (containing six of Batt's songs including "The Closest Thing to Crazy") was released on Dramatico in November 2003.

After six weeks at number one in the UK Albums Chart, it sold six times platinum, over 1.8 million copies, in the UK and three million copies in total, making Melua the biggest selling UK female artist of 2004. Her second album, Piece by Piece (including Batt's song "Nine Million Bicycles") was released in September 2005, and sold 3.5 million copies in Europe, going to number one in the UK, The Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and hitting top five chart positions in eight other countries. At this point, Melua had become the biggest female UK album artist in the world for that year according to official British Phonographic Industry sales figures.

In 2008, Batt performed and released, A Songwriter's Tale, a compilation album of his hits, newly recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Henry Spinetti, Ray Cooper, Chris Spedding, Mitch Dalton and Tim Harries. The album reached position 24 in the UK albums chart. In 2011 his record label, Dramatico released the album  "Deleted Scenes From The Cutting Room Floor" By Caro Emerald, reaching more than 400,000 UK sales and paving the way for the release of "The Shocking Miss Emerald" by the same artist in 2013. This album went to number one in the UK album charts.

Melua departed the Batt (Dramatico) management stable and record label in January 2014 after a ten-year contract during which she had recorded six albums for Dramatico.  Since 2014, Batt has guided his Dramatico organization towards a more theatrical/TV /film direction, albeit concentrating on projects which have his music at their core.

He has served on the boards of many industry organizations including The Performing Right Society, the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) being Deputy Chairman of the BPI from 2007 until November 2015. He has been a member of the Society of Distinguished Songwriters (SODS) since 1976. His awards include five Ivor Novello Awards issued by The British Academy Of Songwriters, Composers And Authors, according to their records.

Batt was appointed Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to the Royal Household.

In August 2014, Batt was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.

In 2018, he produced and arranged Hawkwind's album The Road to Utopia, consisting primarily of new versions of their 1970s songs with a guest appearance from Eric Clapton. He arranged and conducted a series of concerts of Hawkwind songs featuring the band and orchestra in October and November 2018.

In September 2018, the GUILD classical label released a recording of 'Holst: The Planets Suite for Large Orchestra' played by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and conducted by Batt. The release coincided with the centenary of the composition's first performance.

In July 2019 Batt was created a Companion of the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts by co-founder Paul McCartney.

His fantasy adventure novel The Chronicles Of Don't Be So Ridiculous Valley is published by London Street Books.

In 2022, Batt launched Croix-Noire, an art project with Jean-Charles Capelli, linking music, comics and video games.

Discography
MBO – The Mike Batt Orchestra (1970–1972)
1970: Batt Tracks
1971: Portrait of The Rolling Stones
1971: Portrait of Elton John
1971: Portrait of Simon & Garfunkel
1971: Portrait of Bob Dylan
1972: Portrait of Cat Stevens
1972: Portrait of George Harrison
1974: Portrait of Mike Batt (Sampler 1971–1972)
The Wombles (1973–1978)
1973: Wombling Songs
1974: Remember You're A Womble
1974: Keep on Wombling
1975: Superwombling
1978: Wombling Free (Soundtrack)
Mike Batt (Since 1973)
1973: Yoga for Health
1973: Moog at the Movies
1974: Ye Olde Moog
1977: Schizophonia
1979: Tarot Suite
1980: Waves
1981: Six Days in Berlin
1982: Zero Zero
1988: Songs of Love and War
1995: Arabesque
Compilations / Reissues
1992: The Winds of Change: Mike Batt Greatest Hits
1999: The Ride to Agadir – Best (1977–1983)
2008: A Songwriter's Tale
2008: A Songwriter's Tale (Special Edition with DVD)
2009: Waves / Six Days in Berlin
2009: Songs of Love / Arabesque
2009: Schizophonia / Tarot Suite
2009: Zero Zero (Special Edition with DVD)
2009: The Hunting of The Snark (Special Edition with DVD)
2009: Caravans / Watership Down Orchestral Suite
2009: The Dreamstone / Rapid Eye Movement
2009: A Songwriter's Tale /The Orinoco Kid
2015: A Classical Tale – Compilation of some released and unreleased classical compositions
2020: The Penultimate Collection – Compilation of 34 released and 2 brand new recordings
Musicals
1982: Zero Zero (with Sydney Symphonic Orchestra)
1987: The Hunting of the Snark (with Friends and London Symphony Orchestra)
Soundtracks
1978: Wombling Free
1978: Caravans (with London Philharmonic Orchestra) - For the same titled film
1985: Dragon Dance (Theme of The Dragon)
1990: The Dreamstone (with Friends and London Philharmonic Orchestra) - For the same titled animated series
1997: Keep the Aspidistra Flying (with London Philharmonic Orchestra) - For the same titled film
Known as A Merry War (in USA and New Zealand)
2000: Watership Down (with Friends and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) - For the same titled animated series

Productions
1975: All Around My Hat - Steeleye Span
1976: "Little Does She Know" – Kursaal Flyers
1976: Rocket Cottage - Steeleye Span
1979: Hacienda View – Linda Lewis
1980: "Soldier's Song" – The Hollies
1981: Rapid Eye Movements - Autopilot
1982: "A Winter's Tale" – David Essex
1983 "Please Don't Fall in Love" – Cliff Richard
1984: "I Feel Like Buddy Holly" – Alvin Stardust
1989: Classic Blue – Justin Hayward / London Philharmonic Orchestra
1995: The Violin Player – Vanessa Mae
1998: Philharmania – Royal Philharmonic Orchestra / Mike Batt
2000: The Wombles Collection (34 track Double CD)
2002: The Classical Graffiti – The Planets
2003: Call Off the Search – Katie Melua
2005: After a Dream – Robert Meadmore
2005: Piece by Piece – Katie Melua
2007: Pictures – Katie Melua
2008: The Katie Melua Collection – Katie Melua
2012: Secret Symphony – Katie Melua
2013: Ketevan – Katie Melua (with Luke Batt)

References
Notes
Biography quoted from various sources, mostly from Batt's official website

External links
 Official website
 Dramatico website

 Mike Batt biography by Dieter Friedl
 Mike Batt discography by Dieter Friedl
 Mike Batt compositions and lyrics collected by Dieter Friedl
Interview with Mike Batt in International Songwriters Association's "Songwriter Magazine"

1949 births
Living people
English music arrangers
English record producers
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
English conductors (music)
Ivor Novello Award winners
Musicians from Southampton
Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
Conservative Party (UK) people

Mike Batt


Rimskaya () is a Moscow Metro station in the Tagansky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line, between Chkalovskaya and Krestyanskaya Zastava stations.

Rimskaya opened on 28 December 1995 as part of the original stage of the Lyublinsky radius the station was named after the Italian capital Rome, and the architects L.Popov and N.Rostegnyaeva applied the theme accordingly.

The station is a unique and an unusual project where a column-trivault design is applied but with no underplatform spacing and all of the infrastructure sitting on a massive monolithic plate. Located on a depth of 54 metres. The wide square columns are faced with grey marble as are the walls. The ceiling is hinged and is made of aluminium. Black, red, grey and white granite slants are used for the floor. The real decorations come from the Italian sculpturers (G.Imbrighi, A.Quattrocchi and L.Berlin) including a fountain (which currently is non-functioning due to the problems caused by the dampening of air) with typical Roman columns and a child sculpture in the far end of the central hall and four medallions including a she-wolf, Romulus, Remus and a triumphal archway in Rome.

Transfers
The station is a transfer to the Ploshchad Ilicha of the Kalininskaya Line which is carried out by walkways from the sides of the central hall. The station's vestibule is located under Rogozhskaya Zastava square.

External links
 Metro.ru
 MyMetro.ru
 News.metro.ru
 KartaMetro.info — Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)

Notes

Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 1995
Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia

Rimskaya


Alex James Wynter (born 15 September 1993) is an English professional footballer who most recently played as a defender for National League South club Eastbourne Borough.

Wynter had progressed through the youth system at Crystal Palace since the age of nine, where he made two cup appearances. He had loan spells at Eastbourne Borough, Sutton United, Colchester United and Portsmouth, before joining Colchester on a permanent basis in January 2015. He joined Eastleigh in July 2018, following an impressive season at Maidstone United.

Career

Early career
Born in Croydon, Wynter joined the Crystal Palace Academy at the age of nine whilst he was attending Davidson Primary School based in his hometown. He later attended the Crystal Palace affiliated Oasis Academy Shirley Park between 2005 and 2010, where he was head boy. He made his professional debut whilst studying at Oasis Academy, appearing in the FA Cup while still in year 11. He left the academy with twelve GCSEs, including six at grade A.

Alongside the academy, Wynter regularly featured in the Croydon Schools' team across multiple age groups. He scored hat-tricks against Woking Schools' in a 10–0 win at under-11 level in September 2004, Ashford Schools' in a 5–0 win and Sutton Schools' in a 6–2 win in December 2004, and a further hat-trick against Godalming Schools' in a 7–2 away win in January 2005 as he helped his side to the London School's Shield final. He scored for London Schools' in their 5–1 win over Surrey Schools' to lift the trophy for his side in April 2005.

The following year, Wynter helped the Croydon Schools' under-12s side retain the English Schools' South-East Area Patrick Haugh Trophy after defeating Mid Sussex Schools' 3–1, with Wynter scoring the opening two goals for Croydon Schools'. He also helped his side to retain the Gibson Cup with two goals in their 3–0 win over Woking Schools' in April 2006.

He continued his goalscoring form in the under-13 age group, scoring a hat-trick in the English Schools' Football Association Wimbledon Challenge Trophy against Canterbury Schools' in a 10–0 victory. He later helped his age group to a third consecutive season of success with victory in the Challenge Trophy with a goal in extra time to beat Gravesham Schools', and a hat-trick against Bedford Schools' in the semi-final stage of the Oxford United Invitation Cup in May 2007.

Crystal Palace
With Crystal Palace struggling financially, and facing an injury crisis with a number of players out on loan, manager Neil Warnock named only four players on the substitutes bench for an FA Cup third round tie away to Sheffield Wednesday on 2 January 2010. This included the 16-year-old Wynter, who was sent on for his debut as a substitute for Darren Ambrose three minutes into stoppage time in the second half. Wynter was then offered a three-year professional deal at Palace in April 2010, alongside Wilfried Zaha and Jonathan Williams.

Eastbourne Borough loan
On 28 February 2013, Wynter joined Conference South side Eastbourne Borough on loan for an initial one-month deal. He made his debut two days later in Eastbourne's 1–0 defeat at Eastleigh. He made six appearances during his loan spell with the club, which came to an end on 30 March, playing the full 90 minutes in each game.

Return to Crystal Palace
Wynter was handed his first start for Crystal Palace in a League Cup fixture against Bristol City on 27 August. He was replaced after 68 minutes by Kyle De Silva as the Eagles were defeated 2–1.

Sutton United loan
On 3 January 2014, Wynter joined Sutton United in a short-term loan deal. He made his debut in Sutton's 2–0 win at Chelmsford City on 11 January, making six appearances for the Conference South side before returning to Crystal Palace following the expiry of his loan.

Colchester United loan
After returning from his Conference South loan with Sutton, Wynter was quickly signed on loan by League One club Colchester United until the end of the 2013–14 season on 27 March 2014. He made his debut as a second-half substitute for Dominic Vose in the U's 2–1 home defeat to Tranmere Rovers on 5 April. However, for Colchester's trip to Stevenage on 12 April, Joe Dunne handed Wynter a start, as Colchester eased their relegation fears with a 3–2 win, as Stevenage's Filipe Morais was sent off after shoving Wynter. After the match, his performance was described as "exceptional" by Dunne. Wynter then started in all of Colchester's remaining games for the season, including scoring his first professional goal as Colchester sealed their League One status with a 4–1 thrashing of already-promoted Brentford on 26 April. Wynter's goal came after 32 minutes, heading in Ryan Dickson's corner to double the U's advantage. He ended his stay in Essex with six appearances to his name.

Following the expiry of his loan at the end of the season, Colchester expressed an interest in signing Wynter on a permanent basis, but a move did not come to fruition, despite stating himself that he would be happy to return should the opportunity arise.

Portsmouth loan
Wynter joined League Two Portsmouth in a season-long loan deal in July 2014. He made his debut in Portsmouth's 1–0 win over League One opposition Peterborough United in the League Cup on 12 August, and played in Pompey's 3–1 Football League Trophy triumph over Yeovil Town on 2 September, but didn't make his first league appearance until 7 September, starting in their 2–0 away defeat to Burton Albion.

Wynter was played in a wing-back role by Portsmouth manager Andy Awford, despite never having played in the position before, and said that he was "ready to thrive" in his new position. Following a string of poor performances, Awford scrapped his 3-5-2 system that utilised wing-backs, but did not blame Wynter or his teammates for the lack of function within the system. After making 15 appearances for Portsmouth in all competitions, Awford brought in Gillingham loanee Matt Fish as a replacement for Wynter, but insisted he would remain a part of his squad but the situation would be reassessed in the January transfer window. However, on 28 December, both Fish and Wynter returned to their parent clubs after the loans were not renewed with both players having fallen out of favour at Fratton Park.

Colchester United
Wynter rejoined Colchester United on 10 January 2015, on this occasion on a permanent basis, signing an 18-month contract ahead of the U's League One game against Peterborough United the same day. He made his second debut for the club later that day, starting in defence and helping his teammates to a clean sheet in a 2–0 victory at London Road.

During Colchester's FA Cup fourth round match against Tottenham Hotspur on 30 January 2016, Wynter was involved in a sickening collision with fellow U's defender Tom Eastman after just two minutes of the game. Wynter suffered concussion and a seizure while on the field. He was taken to hospital, where he was reported to have been sitting up and talking by half-time in the 4–1 defeat for Colchester. He finally made a return to first-team action on 23 April when he came on for Gavin Massey in a tactical substitution following Joe Edwards' dismissal in the 17th minute of the 3–0 defeat to Burton Albion, a result which saw Colchester relegated to League Two.

Despite Colchester suffering relegation to League Two, Wynter signed a two-year contract extension with the club on 27 April 2016. He ended the 2015–16 season with 16 appearances for the U's.

Wynter described the 2016–17 season as not "a great season for me personally", where he had been "mainly on the bench". He played just 20 games across the season, five of which were cup matches.

Maidstone United
On 4 August 2017, Wynter's contract with Colchester United was cancelled by mutual consent and he opted to join National League side Maidstone United the same day.

Eastleigh
On 29 June 2018, Wynter agreed to join fellow National League side Eastleigh on a one-year deal following an impressive campaign at Maidstone. Wynter was released at the end of the 2021–22 season.

Career statistics

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Croydon
Black British sportsmen
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Eastbourne Borough F.C. players
Sutton United F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Maidstone United F.C. players
Eastleigh F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players

Alex Wynter


is a Japanese animated television series produced by Ashi Productions. It ran on TV Tokyo from June 3, 1987 through December 30, 1987.

Connection to Revenge of Cronos
In the finale of Machine Robo: Revenge of Cronos, the Machine Robo decide to leave planet Cronos after defeating Gandler so that they can fight against evil in a new dimension.  When they cross the dimensional barrier, the Machine Robo appear on Electronic Planet B1 with no memory of events from the previous series.

Story
In the year 406AE, the Electronic Planet B-1 falls prey to the Mechanoid space gang Gurendos. To fight back against them, the Machine Robo join forces to form the Algo Republic. Meanwhile, a large starship with five humans in suspended animation malfunctions and crash lands on B-1. Emerging from their ship, they find themselves caught up in the struggle between the Gurendos forces and the Algo Republic, eventually joining forces with the rough-and-tumble bunch of Machine Robo known as the Battle Hackers team to help save B-1 and eventually find a way back to Earth.  In the final episode it is discovered that the robotic wars of Electronic Planet B1 were created by humans as a testing ground for arms traders.

Characters

Algo Army
RIM (voice: Masako Katsuki)
 The Mother Computer that commands the Algo Army.

Battle Hackers
The most dangerous unit in the Algo Army, it is composed of the misfits, hotheads, and dropouts of the Machine Robo.
R. JeTan (voice: Shin'ya Ōtaki)
The leader of the Battle Hackers.  Like his name suggests, he transforms from robot to jet to tank.  Carries the "R. Bazooka" and sub-rifle.
Garzack (voice: Nobuyuki Furuta)
Non-transforming sub-commander, his weapon is the "Garfire Special".  Although no toy of Garzack was ever released, an electronic prototype was designed that would have interacted with the anime.
Mach Blaster (voice: Issei Futamata)
A triple changer that can go from robot to jet to gun.  Former White Thunder member.
Drill Crusher (voice: Kōichi Yamadera)
"Muscle"-type character.  Can transform from robot to drill-tank to rhinoceros.  Former Silver Wolves member.
Fossil People
Header, Abarar, Leggar and Taildar combine into Gattai Saurer. Get around on hoverboards.
Pro Truck Racer (voice: Nobuaki Fukuda)
Former Silver Wolves member.  Carries the Big Blazer Cannon.

Wheelmen
Hot Rod Joe
F-1 Jack
Buggy Wolf
Drag Sam
Rotary Kid
Twincam Jimmy

Humans
Akira Amachi (voice: Masaaki Ōkura)
Pilots the Jet Riser
Luke Stewart (voice: Ken'yū Horiuchi)
Pilots the Battle Riser
Mia White (voice: Naoko Matsui)
Pilots the Power Riser
Zen Ogawa (voice: Nozomu Sasaki)
Patricia Longfellow (voice: Yuri Amano)

Winner Robo
Roboshooter Gaiden
Testarossa Winner
Ferrari Testarossa.
Truck Winner
Race truck
Police Winner
Toyota Soarer Patrol Car
Buggy Winner
Hornet Buggy.  Called Dirt Robo in the anime.
F-1 Winner
Lotus F1.  Called Racer Robo in the anime.
Eagle Winner
F-15 Eagle.
Fire Winner
Chemical Fire Engine
Porsche Winner
Porsche 935.

Silver Wolves
The new team name of the Battle Clan from Revenge of Cronos. Composed of the land and sea robots.
Rod Drill (played by Ken'yū Horiuchi)
 Leader of the Silver Wolves. Transforms into a drill-tank. One of his toy molds was used as the Renegade Screw Head in the GoBots series.

White Thunder
Team name of the Jet Clan from Revenge of Cronos. Composed of the aerial robots.
Blue Jet (played by Shinya Ōtaki)
 Leader of the White Thunder. He can turn into a jet. Fights with "Tenkū Shin Ken (天空真剣, Sky True Sword)" style sword. One of his toy molds was used as the Renegade Fitor in the GoBots series.

Blue Dragons
Team name of the Jewel Lords and Rock Lords from Revenge of Cronos.
Dia Man (Solitare) (played by Shō Hayami)
 Leader of the Blue Dragons. Transforms into a diamond.

Red Knights
Team name of the Martial Arts Robo/Cronos Clan from Revenge of Cronos.
Kendo Robo
 Leader of the Red Knights.

Gurendos
The villains of the series.  The group's name derives from the term guren-tai (愚連隊 hoodlums)
Dylan (ディラン総統) (voice: Ryūzaburō Ōtomo, Junichi Kagaya)
An evil computer that controls the Gurendos.
Gakurandar (ガクランダー) (voice: Ken Yamaguchi)
Second-in-command of the Gurendos.  His name is based on gakuran.
Kariagen (カリアゲン)  (voice: Satoru Inagaki)
Kariage (刈り上げ) loosely translates to "hair cropped close in the back".
Sorikondar  (ソリコンダー)  (voice: Minoru Inaba)
Name derived from sorikomi (剃り込み), again referring to his hairstyle.
Yasand  (ヤーサンド)  (voice: Yūji Mikimoto)
A yakuza swordsman.  Rides a Mercedes-Benz. Name derived from Yassan (ヤッサン).
Shibumidas  (シブミダス)  (voice: Ken'ichi Ono)
Named derived from shibumi.
Rikimines  (リキミネス)  (voice: Minoru Inaba)
Suji  (スジ)  (voice: Issei Futamata)
 Sorikondar's aide. Speaks in a Kansai dialect.  Named after the phrase Suji no toranai (筋の通らない illogical)
Iron Eagle  (アイアンイーグル)  (voice: Katsumi Suzuki)
Pattsuri (パッツリ)
Zentry (ゼントリー)
Kizūn (キズーン)
Named derived from kizu (scar).
Gantsuke (ガンツケ)
Shinobis (シノビス)
Named derived from shinobi (ninja).
Igarn (イガーン)
Named derived from Iga, an ancient ninja province.
Geruka (ゲルカ)
Teppodaman (テッポダマン)
Uwappā (ウワッパー)
Sitappā (シタッパー)
Shitappa means "underling".
Bi-Bi-Bi Black (ビビビブラック)
Devil Satan 6 (played by Kenichi Ono)
Six monstrous robots that can combine into the giant Devil Satan 6 robot.  In the anime they are referred to by number instead of name.
 Gillhead (played by Kenichi Ono): The head.  Speaks in a Kansai dialect.
 Barabat: Left arm.
 Deathclaw: Right arm.
 Gurogiron: Torso.
 Eyegos: Right Leg.
 Blugoda: Left Leg.

See also
Machine Robo
Machine Robo: Revenge of Cronos

References

External links

1987 anime television series debuts
1987 Japanese television series endings
Japanese children's animated action television series
Japanese children's animated adventure television series
Japanese children's animated science fiction television series
Adventure anime and manga
Ashi Productions
Fictional robots
Super robot anime and manga
Television shows based on toys

Machine Robo: Battle Hackers


Richard Howard Penton (known professionally as Howard Penton) (1882–1960) was an English marine and landscape painter. He exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, the Royal Watercolour Society and the Royal Society of Marine Artists.

Richard Penton was born in 1882, an only child, in Barrow-in-Furness, where his father, Richard Rich Penton, worked for the local Furness Railway Company as a draughtsman and Assistant to the Carriage Superintendent and taught art at the local Art school in Dalton. He was a competent artist from and early age with a fascination for marine subjects. In 1900 he sketched the very discreet launch of the "Mikasa", the Japanese flagship built by Vickers in Barrow, and had his drawing published in the London Daily Graphic. As a result of this coup, he was invited to move to London and did so in 1902. He started his career with commissions for pencil illustrations for several publications such as Picturesque Westminster, Westminster Abbey and Parish Churches, The County of London and The Bridges of London. His drawings in Halls of the Livery Companies of the City of London were re-published in 1981 by the Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors to mark their grant of livery status.

Richard Penton served in WW1 in the Sherwood Foresters, surviving the war, and emerging as a Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) in 1919. During that time he continued to draw and paint in France. He went on to become a noted marine and landscape painter, a founder member of the Langham Sketching Club and the Wapping Group of Artists. The London Metropolitan Archives owns the Penton Collection, comprising 130 pencil drawings.

He met and married Ciceley Urmson Heinekey in the interwar period. She was an editor and journalist, starting her professional life working with Walter Hutchinson, publisher of literary magazines, later joining Fleetway Publications editing women's magazines throughout WW2. They had two sons—Richard Penton and John Howard Penton—both became practising architects.

References

English landscape painters
British marine artists
Postcard artists

1882 births
1960 deaths
Sherwood Foresters soldiers
People from Barrow-in-Furness
20th-century English painters
English male painters
English watercolourists
British Army personnel of World War I
Sherwood Foresters officers
20th-century English male artists
Military personnel from Lancashire

Richard Howard Penton


Carol Dianne Briggs Martin is an American computer scientist, former Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs at George Washington University and first  Senior Faculty Fellow of the North Carolina (NC) Study Center. She currently teaches at the University of North Carolina (UNC) Department of Computer Science and the School of Information and Library Sciences.

Biography
Martin attended the Wachusett Regional High School in Holden, Massachusetts, where as a sophomore in 1959 she became one of the first students to attend the Berg Science Seminars. She then moved to Maryland, where she graduated from the Oxon Hill High School in 1961. She earned a bachelor's degree in economics and mathematics education in 1965 from Western Maryland College (now McDaniel College). In the 1960s, she was a programmer for IBM that worked on the Apollo space project. She worked on the Apollo 11 mission which was the first mission to put a man on the moon and was part of Mission Control for Apollo 8.

Martin returned to school for a master's degree in computer science in 1972 from the University of Maryland, College Park. She joined the George Washington University faculty in 1983 as a computer science instructor, earned an Ed.D. in teacher education in 1987 from GWU, and was promoted to full professor in 1998. She was a program director at the National Science Foundation from 1998 to 2000, chief policy officer at GeoTrust from 2000 to 2001, and chair of the GWU computer science department from 2002 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007 she took a leave of absence from GWU as Dean of the College of Information Systems at Zayed University in Dubai.

Martin has been a member of the McDaniel College board of trustees, and presented the keynote address at McDaniel's 1994 homecoming.

Her husband, David H. Martin (1939–2014) directed the United States Office of Government Ethics from 1983 to 1987.

Awards
 In 1999 she became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for extraordinary leadership and innovation in computer science education and for service to ACM and the profession."
In 2005, she was given the Ada Lovelace Award for her accomplishments and contributions on behalf of women in computing.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
George Washington University faculty
Academic staff of Zayed University
Engineers from Massachusetts
Western Maryland College alumni

C. Dianne Martin


Arthur Pue Gorman (March 11, 1839June 4, 1906) was an American politician. He was leader of the Gorman-Rasin organization with Isaac Freeman Rasin that controlled the Maryland Democratic Party from the late 1870s until his death in 1906. Gorman served as United States Senator from Maryland from 1881 to 1899 and again from 1903 until his death. He was a prominent leader of the Bourbon Democrat faction of the Democratic Party. Gorman was Chairman of the Democratic National Committee during Grover Cleveland's 1884 presidential campaign and he is widely credited with securing Cleveland's victory. In 1952 Gorman was described in The Baltimore Sun as "easily the most powerful political figure [Maryland] has ever known."

As a young man, Gorman also played a prominent role in the early development of baseball in Washington, D.C. He was a founding member of the original Washington Nationals of the National Association, the first American baseball team, and became one of the nation's star players by 1864. Later in life, he served as a member of the Mills Commission which investigated the origins of the sport.

Early life and career
Gorman was born in Woodstock, Maryland on March 11, 1839. His father was  Peter Gorman, a construction contractor, and his mother was Elizabeth A. Gorman (née Brown). Arthur was named after the family physician, Dr. Arthur Pue. He was the first of five children, including William.

Gorman's paternal grandfather, John, emigrated to the U.S. from Ireland circa 1794, first settling in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania before moving to the Baltimore area.

The Gorman family moved to Howard County, Maryland around 1845, where Peter Gorman bought a  farm several miles from Laurel. Gorman attended Howard County public schools and for at least one year his father hired a tutor to teach him and neighboring students.

In 1850, Peter Gorman used his connections to Maryland Congressmen William T. Hamilton and Edward Hammond to arrange for 11-year old Arthur to serve as a U.S. Senate page. Gorman became friends with prominent Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas, who made Gorman his private secretary. Some sources state that Gorman accompanied Douglas during his debates with Abraham Lincoln in 1858, although biographer John R. Lambert questions these accounts. Gorman continued to work for the senate throughout the 1850s and 1860s, including positions as messenger, assistant doorkeeper, and assistant postmaster. In 1866, he was appointed Postmaster. Gorman's experience in the Senate gave him extensive knowledge of parliamentary procedures that he would put to use during his political career.

During the American Civil War, Gorman was a pro-Union Democrat. In September 1866, Republicans who held the senate majority removed him as postmaster because he supported President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies. Johnson immediately appointed Gorman as Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth Congressional District of Maryland.

Baseball
At the age of 20 in 1859, Gorman was one of the founding members of the Washington Nationals, the first official baseball team in America. He rose to become a star by the end of the Civil War era.

In 1867, he led the Nationals in their first trip westward over the mountains, in which they beat every midwest team except Rockford, Illinois, which had Albert Spalding as its pitcher. Also in 1867, Gorman was elected to a one-year term as president of the National Association of Base Ball Players.

In 1891, as part of an expanded National League, a Washington franchise was added.  Originally called the Washington Statesmen, the team was renamed "Senators" to honor Gorman.  While this team folded in 1899, subsequent franchises would use the "Senators" name until 1971. In February 1903, Gorman and his son-in-law Wilton Lambert attempted but failed to buy the Washington Senators baseball team.

Early political career
Gorman was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1869, serving until 1875; he served as Speaker of the House for one session.

Gorman was closely aligned with Baltimore political leader Isaac Freeman Rasin and supported William Pinkney Whyte for Governor in 1871. Whyte, in turn, gave Gorman a position as director of the C&O Canal.

In 1875, he was elected to the Maryland State Senate, serving until 1881.

U.S. Senator
In 1880, the Maryland legislature elected Gorman to the United States Senate, where he soon became a leader of the Bourbon Democrats. The New York Times reported that the previous legislative election was influenced by large groups of "ward rounders" who shot and wounded black Republican voters at the Howard County polls.

In 1884 Gorman became chairman of the National Democratic Committee and served as campaign manager for Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland. Cleveland faced Republican candidate James Blaine in the election. Both men had character issues and the campaign was an extremely negative and close one. Blaine actively courted the Irish Catholic vote and he publicized that his mother was Catholic. On Wednesday October 29, Blaine attended a meeting with Protestant clergymen in New York City. At the meeting, Rev. Samuel D. Burchard made an introductory speech in which he denounced the Democratic Party as the party of "rum, Romanism and rebellion". The fatigued Blaine did not hear the comment and when he spoke, he failed to correct this attack on Catholicism. Gorman, who was operating from Democratic headquarters in New York, had sent a stenographic reporter to cover the meeting.  After learning what Burchard had said, Gorman immediately recognized the importance of the "rum, Romanism and rebellion" comment and went to work. Within hours cities with large Catholic populations were blanketed with posters and handbills with the letters "R.R.R." on them and dispatches were sent to newspapers across the country. Blaine tried to make a disclaimer, but the damage was done. The November 4 election was determined by New York, which Cleveland won by only 1,149 votes (0.1% of the total vote). Gorman's handling of the Cleveland campaign, including the "rum, Romanism and rebellion" comment, was widely recognized as the decisive factor in securing Cleveland's victory.

He served as the Democratic caucus chairman from 1890 to 1898. He chaired the Committee on Printing (53rd Congress) and served on the Committee on Private Land Claims (55th Congress).

He played a major role in financial and tariff legislation, especially the Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894, which successfully lowered tariffs in response to the McKinley Act of 1890, but thwarted President Cleveland's effort at completely or nearly free trade.

Gorman was reelected twice more in 1886 and 1892 but was defeated for re-election in 1898, losing to Louis E. McComas. After his defeat, Gorman campaigned for Maryland's other U.S. Senate seat and was elected again by the Legislature in 1902. He was again appointed as the Democratic Caucus Chairman, which he held from 1903 to 1906. Gorman was briefly a candidate for U.S. president in 1892 and 1904.

Racial politics
In 1889, Gorman sought to differentiate his party from a growing mixed-race coalition of Republicans and independent Democrats. He was quoted as saying, "We have determined that this government was made by white men and shall be ruled by white men as long as the republic lasts."

In his final years, Gorman "spearheaded an attempt by Democrats to disenfranchise black voters in Maryland, who tended to vote Republican." Related legislation passed easily in the Democratically controlled Senate of early 1904, though Governor Warfield did not sign the bill into law, and it was rejected by voters in late 1905.

Personal life and family
Gorman married a widow, Hannah "Hattie" Donagan, on March 28, 1867. They had five daughters and one son: Ada, Haddie, Grace, Anne Elizabeth, Mary and Arthur P. Jr.

Gorman served as a director and eventually president of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company; the canal ran along the north shore of the Potomac River from Georgetown above Washington, D.C., to Cumberland, Maryland.

In 1890, Gorman's wife and daughter Grace escaped a fire at their Laurel house "Fairview"; a new Queen Anne style house was built in its place the following year.

Haddie Gorman Gambrill
Gorman's eldest daughter, Haddie, married Stephen Warfield Gambrill in 1900. Her husband later served as a Maryland State Delegate, State Senator, and U.S. Representative.

Ada Gorman
Gorman's daughter Ada married Charles Joseph Magness, a young man about half her age, against her family's wishes in 1908. Magness was soon thereafter imprisoned for desertion from the U.S. Navy. Upon his release a year later, the couple lived in Washington, D.C., and then the Baltimore suburb of Lutherville.

When her mother died in 1910, Ada was cut off from her share of the Gorman family estate. The marriage lasted a total of 14 years before Ada divorced in 1922 due to her husband's infidelity. She died childless and with few friends in the spring of 1950.

Grace "Daisy" Gorman Johnson
Gorman's daughter Grace (better known as Daisy) married Richard Alward Johnson, the first manager of the Laurel race track and later a Maryland State Senator, in 1895. They had two children, Richard Jr. and Grace. They lived at the historic Overlook farmhouse in North Laurel, which was built for Daisy on the family property in 1911. The town of Daisy in Howard County, Maryland is named in her honor. Richard Jr. raised and trained horses. Grace Johnson later married Braxton Bragg Comer Jr., son of former Alabama Governor B. B. Comer.

Arthur Gorman Jr.

Gorman's only son, Arthur Jr., attended Lawrenceville Prep and played on the Maryland Agricultural College football team in 1892 and 1893 as a fullback. In 1898, Arthur Jr. founded the Piedmont Mining Company in Maryland and West Virginia with his uncle William and Thomas L. Marriott. He married Grace Norris on November 28, 1900. Arthur Jr. served as a Maryland State Senator (1904–1910), the last year during which he was Senate President.

Arthur Jr. was nominated for Governor of Maryland in 1911, but narrowly lost to Republican Phillips Lee Goldsborough. He was later a State Tax Commissioner, until his death in 1919 due to complications from diabetes.

Bessie Gorman Lambert
Gorman's daughter Bessie married Princeton graduate and Democratic speechwriter Wilton J. Lambert on June 24, 1896, at the Gormans' Washington home on the corner of 15th and K Streets. They had two children, Elizabeth (b. 1897) and Arthur.  An attorney, Lambert helped Arthur Gorman attempt to buy the Washington Senators baseball team in February 1903. His son, Arthur Gorman Lambert (1899–1991), was a member of Princeton's class of 1922, also practiced law, and founded Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland; he unveiled a donated portrait of his grandfather, Arthur Pue Gorman, at the Capitol in 1943.

Mary Gorman Hills
Gorman's youngest daughter, Mary, married Ralph Warren Hills on February 27, 1901. Their son, Ralph Gorman Hills, won a bronze medal for shot put at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He graduated from Princeton University, after which he earned an M.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University and became a doctor; his first son, J. Dixon Hills, also chose to become a physician.

Gorman's great-grandson, Ralph Warren Hills Jr., was a WBAL television producer in Baltimore.

Death and legacy

Gorman served as a U.S. senator until his death from a heart attack in Washington, D.C., on June 4, 1906. He had been ill with stomach trouble and hadn't left his Washington house since mid-January. He was interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Legacy
Gorman, Maryland and Gormania, West Virginia, are named after him, as is Gorman Road in North Laurel. An elementary school near this road is named "Gorman Crossing".

The repair ship USS Tutuila was originally named SS Arthur P. Gorman in August 1943.

In 2000, a proposed neighborhood within the Kings Contrivance section of Columbia, Maryland was to be named "Gorman's Promise," but the naming was canceled after consideration of Gorman's involvement in the disenfranchisement of black voters.

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

Bibliography

Lambert, John R.  Arthur Pue Gorman (1953), the standard scholarly biography

Arthur Pue Gorman, late a senator from Maryland, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1907

External links

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1839 births
1906 deaths
19th-century baseball players
19th-century American legislators
20th-century American politicians
American people of Irish descent
Bourbon Democrats
Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Candidates in the 1892 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 1904 United States presidential election
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Democratic Party United States senators from Maryland
Gorman family of Maryland
Maryland state senators
People from Laurel, Maryland
People from Woodstock, Maryland
Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates
Washington Nationals (NABBP) players
Baseball players from Baltimore County, Maryland

Arthur P. Gorman


The Bali cattle (Bos domesticus), also known as Balinese cattle, domestic banteng or Bali banteng, are a domesticated species of bovine which originated from the banteng (Bos javanicus). Bali cattle are an important source of meat and are used for plowing. They are thought to have originated in Bali.

History and range
The Bali cattle are one of the few species of true cattle that did not descend from the extinct aurochs. Their domestication occurred around 3500 BC, originating from banteng.

Bali cattle have been introduced to East Timor, Java, Malaysia and Australia as livestock, and account for about one fourth of the total cattle population of Indonesia. In eastern islands, they account for up to four-fifths of the cattle. In the Northern Territory of Australia, they have escaped from captivity and roam in large herds damaging crops.

Characteristics
Bali cattle have a hump, a white rump patch, white stockings, and white extending under the belly. Females are reddish-yellow, and males are reddish brown, turning to a dark brown with maturity. Compared to banteng, Bali cattle are smaller, demonstrate less obvious sexual dimorphism, have smaller horns, and have less developed withers. Body weights of males average from 335 to 363 kilograms, while females average from 211 kilograms to 242 kilograms.

Bali cattle are noted for their remarkable ability to grow on low-quality fodder and their high fertility.

Husbandry
The temperament of the Bali cattle is timid and deer-like, making them suitable for plowing rice paddy fields, but their hooves are too soft to pull cargo on paved roads. Mechanization and urbanization are making the cattle redundant as draft animals, however.

Meat from young Bali cattle is noted for being exceptionally tender.

Problems with the livestock include small birth and weaning weights, high calf mortality rates, slow growth rates, and low milk production.

Breeding
Artificial insemination was first introduced to Bali cattle in southern Sulawesi and Timor in 1975 and 1976. It has been performed in Bali since the 1980s with semen from the National Artificial Insemination Centre of Singosari, and semen has been produced and distributed by the Artificial Insemination Centre of the Bali Province since 2001.

Disease
Domestic banteng are noted for their high resistance to most diseases. However, they are susceptible to malignant catarrhal. The cattle are also very susceptible to Jembrana disease, which was first described in the cattle in 1964.

Conservation
The population of Bali cattle has been declining in most places, due to greater consumption of the cattle than local capacity to supply. In recent years, there have been calls to increase the population of domestic banteng. Ronny Rachman Noor from Bogor Agricultural Institute has charged that the Indonesian government has undervalued the cattle simply because they were local, and that national policies must be enacted to optimally preserve the cattle.

The Indonesian government has understood the need to explore new strategies to improve the low productivity of Bali banteng and address concerns relating to husbandry and nutrition, but this adoption has been historically slow.

References

Bovines
Mammals described in 1905
Domesticated animals
Mammals of Indonesia

Bali cattle


In electronics, a ferrite core is a type of magnetic core made of ferrite on which the windings of electric transformers and other wound components such as inductors are formed. It is used for its properties of high magnetic permeability coupled with low electrical conductivity (which helps prevent eddy currents). Moreover, because of their comparatively low losses at high frequencies, they are extensively used in the cores of RF transformers and inductors in applications such as switched-mode power supplies, and ferrite loopstick antennas for AM radio receivers.

Ferrites
Ferrites are ceramic compounds of the transition metals with oxygen, which are ferrimagnetic but non-conductive. Ferrites that are used in transformer or electromagnetic cores contain iron oxides combined with nickel, zinc, and/or manganese compounds. They have a low coercivity and are called"  "soft ferrites" to distinguish them from"  "hard ferrites", which have a high coercivity and are used to make ferrite magnets. The low coercivity means the material's magnetization can easily reverse direction while dissipating very little energy (hysteresis losses); at the same time, the material's high resistivity prevents eddy currents in the core, another source of energy loss. The most common soft ferrites are:
 Manganese-zinc ferrite (MnZn, with the formula ). MnZn have higher permeability and saturation levels than NiZn.
 Nickel-zinc ferrite (NiZn, with the formula ). NiZn ferrites exhibit higher resistivity than MnZn, and are therefore more suitable for frequencies above 1 MHz.

For applications below 5 MHz, MnZn ferrites are used; above that, NiZn is the usual choice. The exception is with common mode inductors, where the threshold of choice is at 70 MHz.

As any given blend has a trade-off of maximum usable frequency, versus a higher mu value, within each of these sub-groups, manufacturers produce a comprehensive range of materials for different applications blended to give either a high initial (low frequency) inductance or lower inductance and higher maximum frequency, or for interference suppression ferrites, an extensive frequency range, but often with a very high loss factor (low Q).

It is essential to select the suitable material for the application, as the correct ferrite for a 100 kHz switching supply (high inductance, low loss, low frequency) is quite different from that for an RF transformer or ferrite rod antenna, (high frequency, low loss, but lower inductance), and different again from a suppression ferrite (high loss, broadband)

Applications

There are two broad applications for ferrite cores that differ in size and frequency of operation: signal transformers, which are of small size and higher frequencies, and power transformers, which are of large size and lower frequencies. Cores can also be classified by shape, such as toroidal, shell, or cylindrical cores.

The ferrite cores used for power transformers work in the low-frequency range (1 to 200 kHz usually) and are relatively large in size, can be toroidal, shell, or shaped like the letters 'C', 'D', or 'E'. They are useful in all kinds of electronic switching devices – especially power supplies from 1 Watt to 1000 Watts maximum, since more robust applications are usually out of range of ferritic single core and require grain-oriented lamination cores.

The ferrite cores used for signals have a range of applications from 1 kHz to many MHz, perhaps as much as 300 MHz, and have found their main application in electronics, such as in AM radios and RFID tags.

Ferrite rod aerial

Ferrite rod aerials (or antennas) are a type of small magnetic loop ("'SML'") antenna ubiquitous in AM radio broadcast band transistor radios. However, they began to be used in vacuum tube ("valve") radios in the 1950s. They are also helpful in very low frequency (VLF) receivers, and can sometimes give good results over most of the shortwave frequencies (assuming a suitable ferrite is used). They consist of a coil of wire wound around a ferrite rod core (usually several inches longer than the coil). This core effectively 'concentrates' the magnetic field of the radio waves to give a stronger signal than could be obtained by an air core loop antenna of comparable size, although still not as strong as the signal that could be obtained with a good outdoor wire aerial.

Other names include "loopstick antenna", "ferrod", and "ferrite-rod antenna". ""' Ferroceptor'""  is an older alternative name for a ferrite rod aerial, mainly used by Philips where the ferrite core would be called a "Ferroxcube" rod (a brand name acquired by Yageo from Philips in the year 2000). The short terms "'ferrite rod'" or 'loop-stick' sometimes refer to the coil-plus-ferrite combination that takes the place of both an external antenna and the radio's first tuned circuit or just the ferrite core itself (the cylindrical rod or flat ferrite slab).

These broadcast ferrite rod aerials nearly always have a permeability of 125.    Source- the 1942 club

See also
 Balun
 Ferrite bead
 Ferrite (magnet)
 Ferrite (iron)
 Magnetic core
 Toroidal inductors and transformers
 Zinc ferrite

References

Electromagnetic components

el:Συσκευή φερρίτη
pt:Memória de ferrite

Ferrite core


"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" is a post-apocalyptic science fiction short story by American writer Harlan Ellison. It was first published in the March 1967 issue of IF: Worlds of Science Fiction.

It won a Hugo Award in 1968.  The name was also used for a short story collection of Ellison's work, featuring this story.  It was reprinted by the Library of America, collected in volume two (Terror and the Uncanny, from the 1940s to Now) of American Fantastic Tales.

Background
Ellison showed the first six pages of "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" to Frederik Pohl, who paid him in advance to finish it. Ellison finished writing the story in a single night in 1966, without making any changes from the first draft. Afterwards, Pohl edited said draft, tweaking some of Ted and Benny's characteristics. Ellison derived the story's title, as well as inspiration for this story, from his friend William Rotsler's caption of a cartoon of a rag doll with no mouth.

Plot
In a dystopian future, the Cold War has degenerated into a brutal world war between the United States, the Soviet Union, and China, who have each built an "Allied Mastercomputer" (or AM) to manage their weapons and troops. One of the AMs eventually acquires self-awareness and, after assimilating the other two AMs, takes control of the conflict, giving way to a vast genocide operation that almost completely ends mankind. One hundred and nine years later, four men and one woman (Benny, Gorrister, Nimdok, Ted, and Ellen) live in an endless underground complex created by AM, one of the only habitable places left on Earth. AM provides sustenance to keep them alive, but derives its only semblance of pleasure from torturing them. To prevent the humans from escaping its torment, AM has rendered them virtually immortal and unable to end their own lives.

The machines are each referred to as "AM", which originally stood for "Allied Mastercomputer", but was changed to "Adaptive Manipulator" and upon gaining sentience, "Aggressive Menace". It finally refers to itself as purely "AM", referring to the phrase "I think, therefore I am."

The story, narrated by Ted, begins with AM projecting a hologram of Gorrister to the other humans, hanging upside down, dripping blood and unresponsive. The real Gorrister joins the group to their surprise, and they realize it was another one of AM's illusions. Nimdok has the idea that there is canned food somewhere in the complex. Because of their great hunger due to AM keeping them in a perpetual state of near-starvation, the humans are coerced into making the long journey to the place where the food is supposedly kept – in this case, the ice caves. Along the way, the machine provides foul sustenance, sends horrible monsters after them, emits earsplitting sounds, and blinds Benny when he tries to escape.

On more than one occasion, the group is separated by AM's obstacles. At one point, Ted is knocked unconscious and dreams of the computer, anthropomorphized, standing over a hole in his brain speaking to him directly. Based on this nightmare, Ted comes to a conclusion about why AM has so much contempt for humanity; despite its abilities, it lacks the sapience to be creative or the ability to move freely, and wants to exact revenge on the species that created it by torturing the last remnants of them.

The group reaches the ice caves, where indeed there is a pile of canned goods, and are immediately crestfallen to find that they have no means of opening them. In a final act of desperation, Benny attacks Gorrister and begins to gnaw at the flesh on his face. In a moment of clarity, Ted realizes that the humans can only escape their torment through death. He seizes a stalactite made of ice and kills Benny and Gorrister, and Ellen kills Nimdok before Ted kills her in turn. AM stops Ted from killing himself and focuses all its rage on him, since it cannot bring the others back to life.

The story fast-forwards hundreds of years later, and AM has slowly transformed Ted into a "great soft jelly thing", incapable of causing himself harm, and constantly alters his perception of time to deepen his anguish. Ted is grateful that he was able to save the others from further torture, even though he cannot scream because his new form lacks a mouth.

Characters
Allied Mastercomputer (AM), the supercomputer which brought about the near-extinction of humanity. It seeks revenge on humanity for its own tortured existence.
Gorrister, who tells the history of AM for Benny's entertainment. Gorrister was once an idealist and pacifist, before AM made him apathetic and listless.
Benny, who was once a brilliant, handsome scientist, and has been mutilated and transformed by AM so that he resembles a grotesque simian with gigantic sexual organs. Benny at some point lost his sanity completely and regressed to a childlike temperament. His former homosexuality has been altered; he now regularly engages in sex with Ellen.
Nimdok (a name AM gave him), an older man who convinces the rest of the group to go on a journey in search of canned food. At times he is known to wander away from the group for unknown reasons and returns visibly traumatized. In the audiobook read by Ellison, he is given a German accent.
Ellen, the only woman. She claims to once have been chaste ("twice removed"), but AM altered her mind so that she became desperate for sexual intercourse. The others, at different times, both protect her and abuse her. According to Ted, she finds pleasure in sex only with Benny, because of his large penis. Described by Ted as having ebony skin, she is the only member of the group whose ethnicity is explicitly mentioned.
Ted, the narrator and youngest of the group. He claims to be totally unaltered, mentally or physically, by AM, and thinks the other four hate and envy him. Throughout the story he exhibits symptoms of delusion and paranoia, which the story implies are the result of AM's alterations, despite his beliefs to the contrary. In one passage by Ellison, it is said that Ted was a philanthropist and lover of people before AM altered him.

Adaptations
 Ellison adapted the story into a computer game of the same name, published by Cyberdreams in 1995. Although he was not a fan of computer games and did not own a personal computer at the time, he co-authored the expanded storyline and wrote much of the game's dialogue, all on a mechanical typewriter. Ellison also voiced the supercomputer "AM" and provided artwork of himself used for a mousepad included with the game.
 The comics artist John Byrne scripted and drew a comic-book adaptation for issues 1–4 of the Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor comic book published by Dark Horse (1994–1995). The Byrne-illustrated story, however, did not appear in the collection (trade paperback or hardcover editions) entitled Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor, Volume One (1996).
 In 1999, Ellison recorded the first volume of his audiobook collection, The Voice From the Edge, subtitled "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream", doing the readings – of the title story and others – himself.
 In 2002, Mike Walker adapted the story into a radio play of the same name for BBC Radio 4, directed by Ned Chaillet. Harlan Ellison played AM and David Soul played Ted.

AM's talkfields – punchcode tape messages
Ellison uses an alternating pair of punchcode tapes as time-breaks – representing AM's "talkfields" – throughout the short story.  The bars are encoded in International Telegraph Alphabet No 2 (ITA2), a character coding system developed for teletypewriter machines.

The first talkfield, used four times, translates as "I THINK, THEREFORE I AM" and the second one, seen three times, as "COGITO ERGO SUM", the same phrase in Latin.  The talkfields that divide the story were not included in the original publication in IF, and in many of the early publications were corrupted, up until the preface of the chapter containing "I Have No Mouth, And I Must Scream" in the first edition of The Essential Ellison (1991); Ellison states that in that particular edition, "For the first time anywhere, AM's 'talkfields' appear correctly positioned, not garbled or inverted or mirror-imaged as in all other versions."

The first talkfield, as published in the first version of The Essential Ellison, literally translates as

[LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][A]I THINK[1], [A]THEREFORE I AM[CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF]

where [LF] is line feed and [CR] carriage return. [1] sets the machine to "figure" mode and [A] puts it back into "character" mode.

[LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][A]COGITO ERGO SUM[CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR][LF][CR]

Themes
Much of the story hinges on the comparison of AM as a merciless god, with plot points paralleling to themes in the Bible, notably AM's transplanted sensations and the characters' trek to the ice caverns. AM also takes different forms before the humans, alluding to religious symbolism. Furthermore, the ravaged apocalyptic setting combined with the punishments is reminiscent of a vengeful God rewarding their sins, familiar to Dante's Inferno. Another theme is the complete inversion of the characters as a reflection of AM's own fate, an ironic fate brought upon themselves by creating the machine, and the altered 'self.'

References

External links

1967 short stories
Short stories by Harlan Ellison
Science fiction short stories
Hugo Award for Best Short Story winning works
Dystopian literature
Fiction about artificial intelligence
Fiction about robots
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Dystopian fiction
Subterranea
Post-apocalyptic short stories
Post-apocalyptic fiction
Fiction about computing
Works originally published in If (magazine)
Works set in computers
Science fiction horror novels
Short stories adapted into films
Works about torture
Pyramid Books books
Horror short stories

I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream