Benedict the Moor  (; 1526 – 4 April 1589) was a Sicilian Franciscan friar who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic church. Born of enslaved Africans in San Fratello, he was freed at birth and became known for his charity. As a young man he joined a Franciscan-affiliated hermit group, of which he became the leader. In 1564 he was sent to the Franciscan friary in Palermo, where he continued good works.

Life
Benedict was born to Cristoforo and Diana Manasseri, Africans who were taken as slaves in the early 16th century to San Fratello (also known as San Fradello or San Philadelphio), a small town near Messina, Sicily. They were given Italian names and later converted to Christianity. The Italian "il Moro" for "the dark-skinned" has been interpreted as referring to Moorish heritage. Because of his appearance, Benedict was also called Æthiops or Niger (both referring to black skin color and not the modern-day countries).

Benedict's parents were granted freedom for their son before his birth because of their "loyal service". Like most peasants, Benedict did not attend any school and was illiterate. During his youth, he worked as a shepherd and was quick to give what he had earned to the poor. When he was 21 years old, he was publicly insulted for his color. His forbearance at this time was noted by the leader of an independent group of hermits on nearby Monte Pellegrino, who followed the Rule for hermit life written by Francis of Assisi. Benedict was quickly invited to join that community, and shortly thereafter he gave up all his earthly possessions and joined them. He served as the cook for the community and at the age of twenty-eight succeeded Jerome Lanze as leader of the group.

In 1564 Pope Pius IV disbanded independent communities of hermits, ordering them to attach themselves to an established religious Order, in this case, the Order of Friars Minor. Once a friar of the Order, Benedict was assigned to Palermo to the Franciscan Friary of St. Mary of Jesus. He started at the friary as a cook, but, showing the degree of his advancement in the spiritual life, he was soon appointed as the master of novices, and later as Guardian of the community, although he was a lay brother rather than a priest, and was illiterate.

Benedict accepted the promotion, and successfully helped the order adopt a stricter version of the Franciscan Rule of life. He was widely respected for his deep, intuitive understanding of theology and Scripture, and was often sought for counseling. He also had a reputation as a healer of the sick. Combined, these characteristics continued to draw many visitors to him. As he enjoyed cooking, he returned to kitchen duty in his later years.

Benedict died at the age of 65 and, it is claimed, on the very day and hour which he had predicted. At the entrance of his cell in the Franciscan friary of St. Mary of Jesus, there is a plaque with the inscription: "This is the cell where Saint Benedict lived", and the dates of his birth and death – 1524 and 1589. Other sources list the year of his birth as 1526. In a New York Times review of the 2012 exhibit, Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe, at the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore, Maryland, his birth date is given as 1526.

Upon his death, King Philip III of Spain ordered the construction of a magnificent tomb to house his remains in the friary church.

Veneration
Benedict was beatified by Pope Benedict XIV in 1743 and canonized in 1807 by Pope Pius VII. It is claimed that his body was found incorrupt upon exhumation a few years later. His major shrine was located at the Convent of Santa Maria di Gesù al Capo in Palermo. The church and his relics were largely destroyed during the 2023 Italian wildfires.

Benedict is remembered for his patience and understanding when confronted with racial prejudice and taunts. He was declared a patron saint of African Americans, along with the Dominican lay brother, Martin de Porres. In the United States, at least seven historically Black Catholic parishes bear his name, including but not limited to the following cities:

The latest church in the United States to be placed under his patronage is the one in Dayton, established in 2003 under the leadership of Fr Francis Tandoh, a priest from Ghana. The parish maintains a ministry to natives of that country, as well as parishioners from two previous parishes merged to form it.

St. Benedict the Moor Catholic Church, established in 1874 and located in the Historical District of Savannah, Georgia, is the oldest Catholic Church for African Americans in Georgia and one of the oldest in the Southeastern United States. Churches named for him have also been founded in Columbus, Georgia and St. Augustine, Florida.

Veneration of Benedict is spread throughout Latin America, from Mexico through Argentina. In Venezuela, particularly, his devotion is spread through the country's various states, and he is celebrated on many different dates, according to the local traditions.

Gallery

See also
List of Catholic saints
 Incorruptibility

References

Further reading
Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .
St Benedict the Moor Church in Dayton, Ohio. On February 2, 2003, the parish community of St. James/Resurrection broke ground on eleven acres of property at the corner of Liscum Drive and McLin Parkway (State Route 35).  St. Benedict the Moor celebrated on May 14, 2005, the opening of their church and the "homecoming" of a faith journey that started many years ago .

External links
StBenedicttheMoor.org
Saints.SQPN.com: St Benedict Biography
Anja's Art: St. Benedict Wood Sculpture

1526 births
1589 deaths
People from San Fratello
Italian hermits
Italian Friars Minor
Burials in Sicily
Sicilian saints
Canonized Roman Catholic religious brothers
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
16th-century Christian saints
Franciscan saints
Incorrupt saints
Canonizations by Pope Pius VII
Religious leaders from the Province of Messina
African diaspora in Italy
African-American Roman Catholicism
Beatifications by Pope Benedict XIV
Lutheran saints

Benedict the Moor


Erin Murphy is an American poet who is credited with inventing the demi-sonnet. She received her B.A. in English and Philosophy from Washington College, and an M.F.A. in Poetry from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst's MFA Program for Poets & Writers (MFA Fellowship recipient). Murphy is Professor of English and Creative Writing faculty at The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona College.

Publications

Books
 Dislocation and Other Theories (Word Press, 2008)
 Science of Desire (Word Press, 2004), a finalist for the Paterson Poetry Prize.
 Too Much of this World (Mammoth Books, 2008), winner of the Anthony Piccione Poetry Prize.
 Making Poems: Forty Poems with Commentary by the Poets (State University of New York Press, 2010)
 Word Problems (Word Press, 2011)
 Distant Glitter (Word Poetry, 2013)
 Ancilla (Lamar University Press, 2014)
 Assisted Living (Brick Road Poetry Press, 2018), winner of the Brick Road Poetry Prize

Other
Murphy's poems have appeared in journals and anthologies such as The Georgia Review, The Southern Humanities Review, Women's Studies Quarterly, Field, Nimrod, Subtropics, The Paterson Literary Review, Literal Latte, Mississippi Review, Green Mountains Review, Kalliope and 180 More Extraordinary Poems for Every Day, edited by Billy Collins (Random House, 2005).

Other awards
Murphy's other awards include the National Writers Union Poetry Award (judged by Donald Hall), the Normal School Poetry Prize judged by Nick Flynn, a $5,000 Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Poetry Award, numerous Pushcart Prize nominations, the Foley Poetry Award, University of Massachusetts M.F.A. Poetry Fellowship, a Maryland State Arts Council Individual Artist Award, and an Individual Creative Artist Fellowship from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts.

Murphy was inducted into the Blair County Arts Hall of Fame on October 8, 2015.

References

External links
 —personal website
 Erin Murphy/Distant Glitter at Word Poetry Books
 Erin Murphy/Word Problems at Word Poetry Books
 Erin Murphy/Making Poems at SUNY Press
 Erin Murphy/Dislocation and Other Theories at Word Poetry Books
 Erin Murphy/Science of Desire at Word Poetry Books
 Review of Science of Desire in The Georgia Review; see "Book Briefs"
 Erin Murphy at America Magazine
 Review of Distant Glitter in The Summerset Review
 "Dear Fringe" on Verse Daily
 "Dear Winged" on Verse Daily

21st-century American poets
Living people
American women poets
University of Massachusetts Amherst MFA Program for Poets & Writers alumni
21st-century American women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Washington College alumni

Erin Murphy (poet)


The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots is a coalition of non-governmental organizations who seek to pre-emptively ban lethal autonomous weapons.

History
First launched in April 2013, the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots has urged governments and the United Nations to issue policy to outlaw the development of lethal autonomous weapons systems, also known as LAWS. Several countries including Israel, Russia, South Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom oppose the call for a preemptive ban, and believe that existing international humanitarian law is sufficient enough regulation for this area.

In December 2018, a global Ipsos poll quantified growing public opposition to fully autonomous weapons. It found that 61% of adults surveyed across 26 countries oppose the use of lethal autonomous weapons systems. Two-thirds of those opposed thought these weapons would "cross a moral line because machines should not be allowed to kill," and more than half said the weapons would be "unaccountable." A similar study across 23 countries was conducted in January 2017, which showed 56% of respondents were opposed to the use of these weapons.

In November 2018, the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres called for a ban on killer robots, stating, "For me there is a message that is very clear – machines that have the power and the discretion to take human lives are politically unacceptable, are morally repugnant, and should be banned by international law."

In July 2018, over 200 technology companies and 3,000 individuals signed a public pledge to "not participate nor support the development, manufacture, trade, or use of lethal autonomous weapons." In July 2015, over 1,000 experts in artificial intelligence signed on to a letter warning of the threat of an arms race in military artificial intelligence and calling for a ban on autonomous weapons. The letter was presented in Buenos Aires at the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-15) and was co-signed by Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Noam Chomsky, Skype co-founder Jaan Tallinn and Google DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis, among others.

In June 2018, Kate Conger, then a journalist for Gizmodo and now with the New York Times, revealed Google's involvement in Project Maven, a US Department of Defense-funded program that sought to autonomously process video footage shot by surveillance drones. Several Google employees resigned over the project, and 4,000 other employees sent a letter to Sundar Pichai, the company's chief executive, protesting Google's involvement in the project and demanding that Google not "build warfare technology." Facing internal pressure and public scrutiny, Google released a set of Ethical Principles for AI which included a pledge to not develop artificial intelligence for use in weapons and promised not to renew the Maven contract after it expires in 2019.

The campaign won the Ypres Peace Prize in 2020 and was nominated for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize by Norwegian MP Audun Lysbakken.

Stop Killer Robots are due to release a documentary called Immoral Code in May 2022 on the subject of automation and killer robots. The film is due to premiere at Prince Charles Cinema in London's Leicester Square and examines whether there are situations where it's morally and socially acceptable to take life, and importantly - would a computer know the difference?

Steering committee members
The full membership list of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots is available on their website.

Amnesty International
Handicap International
Human Rights Watch
International Committee for Robot Arms Control
Nobel Women's Initiative
Pax Christi International
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

Countries calling for a prohibition on fully autonomous weapons

 Pakistan on 30 May 2013
 Ecuador on 13 May 2014
 Egypt on 13 May 2014
 Holy See on 13 May 2014
 Cuba on 16 May 2014
 Ghana on 16 April 2015
 Bolivia on 17 April 2015
 State of Palestine on 13 November 2015
 Zimbabwe on 12 November 2015
 Algeria on 11 April 2016
 Costa Rica on 11 April 2016
 Mexico on 13 April 2016
 Chile on 14 April 2016
 Nicaragua on 14 April 2016
 Panama on 12 December 2016
 Peru on 12 December 2016
 Argentina on 12 December 2016
 Venezuela on 13 December 2016
 Guatemala on 13 December 2016
 Brazil on 13 November 2017
 Iraq on 13 November 2017
 Uganda on 17 November 2017
 Austria on 9 April 2018
 Djibouti on 13 April 2018
 Colombia on 13 April 2018
 El Salvador on 22 November 2018
 Morocco on 22 November 2018

See also
 The Truth About Killer Robots (2018 documentary)

References

External links

Arms control
Military robots

Campaign to Stop Killer Robots


Darren Lockhart (born 12 November 1973) is a football manager and former footballer from Northern Ireland who is currently the manager of NIFL Premier Intermediate League side Dundela.

Playing career
Born in Belfast, Lockhart began his professional career with Crusaders after playing at semi-professional level with H&W Welders and Carrick Rangers. After three years with Crusaders, he later played with Glentoran, where he spent seven years and won numerous trophies, before returning to Crusaders in 2007. Lockhart retired from professional football in April 2008, but was later persuaded to return to the game by Bangor. He signed for Ballymena United in 2009 and left join Championship 1 side Ards for the start of the 2010–11 season where he spent one year.

Managerial career
Lockhart joined Northern Amateur Football League side Sirocco Works in the summer of 2011 initially as a coach. He took over as manager in 2012, and left this position in October 2014.

In April 2015 Lockhart was appointed as manager of Dundela.

References

External links
Profile at PlayerHistory.com
Profile at WalkTheChalk.com

1973 births
Living people
Association footballers from Belfast
NIFL Premiership players
Ards F.C. players
Ballymena United F.C. players
Bangor F.C. players
Carrick Rangers F.C. players
Crusaders F.C. players
Glentoran F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Harland & Wolff Welders F.C. players
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland

Darren Lockhart


DNA Polymerase V (Pol V) is a polymerase enzyme involved in DNA repair mechanisms in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. It is composed of a UmuD' homodimer and a UmuC monomer, forming the UmuD'2C protein complex. It is part of the Y-family of DNA Polymerases, which are capable of performing DNA translesion synthesis (TLS). Translesion polymerases bypass DNA damage lesions during DNA replication - if a lesion is not repaired or bypassed the replication fork can stall and lead to cell death. However, Y polymerases have low sequence fidelity during replication (prone to add wrong nucleotides). When the UmuC and UmuD' proteins were initially discovered in E. coli, they were thought to be agents that inhibit faithful DNA replication and caused DNA synthesis to have high mutation rates after exposure to UV-light.  The polymerase function of Pol V was not discovered until the late 1990s when UmuC was successfully extracted, consequent experiments unequivocally proved UmuD'2C is a polymerase. This finding lead to the detection of many Pol V orthologs and the discovery of the Y-family of polymerases.

Function
Pol V functions as a TLS (translesion DNA synthesis) polymerase in E. coli as part of the SOS response to DNA damage. When DNA is damaged regular DNA synthesis polymerases are unable to add dNTPs onto the newly synthesized strand.  DNA Polymerase III (Pol III) is the regular DNA polymerase in E. coli. As Pol III stalls unable to add nucleotides to the nascent DNA strand, the cell becomes at risk of having the replication fork collapse and cell death to occur. Pol V TLS function depends on association with other elements of the SOS response, most importantly Pol V translesion activity is tightly dependent on the formation of RecA nucleoprotein filaments. Pol V can use TLS on lesions that block replication or miscoding lesions, which modify bases and lead to wrong base pairing. However,  it is unable to translate through 5' → 3' backbone nick errors.  Pol V also lacks exonuclease activity, thus rendering unable to proofread synthesis causing it to be error prone.

SOS Response

SOS response in E. coli attempts to alleviate the effect of a damaging stress in the cell. The role of Pol V in SOS response triggered by UV-radiation is described as follows:
 Pol III stalls at lesion site.
 DNA replication helicase DnaB continues to expand the replication fork creating single stranded DNA (ssDNA) segments ahead of from the lesion.
 ssDNA binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize ssDNA.
 RecA recruited and loaded onto ssDNA by RecFOR replacing SSBs. Formation of RecA nucleoprotein filament (RecA*).
 RecA functions through mediator proteins to activate Pol V (see Regulation).
 Pol V accesses 3'-OH of nascent DNA strand and extends strand past the lesion site.
 Pol III resumes elongation.

Regulation
Pol V is only expressed in the cell during the SOS response. It is very tightly regulated at different levels of protein expression and under different mechanisms to avoid its activity unless absolutely necessary for survival of the cell. Pol V's strict regulation stems from its poor replication fidelity, Pol V is highly mutagenic and it is used as a last resort in DNA repair mechanisms. As such, the expression of the UmuD'2C complex takes 45–50 minutes after UV radiation exposure.

Transcriptional regulation

Transcription of the SOS response genes is negatively regulated by the LexA repressor. LexA binds to the promoter of the UmuDC operon and inhibits gene transcription. DNA damage in the cell leads to the formation of RecA*. RecA* interacts with LexA and stimulates its proteolytic activity, which leads to the autocleavage of the repressor freeing the operon for transcription. The UmuDC operon is transcribed and translated into UmuC and UmuD.

Post-translational regulation

The formation of the UmuD'2C complex is limited by the formation of UmuD' from UmuD. UmuD is made of a polypeptide with 139 amino acid residues that form a stable tertiary structure, however it needs to be post-translationally modified to be in its active form. UmuD has self-proteolytic activity that is activated by RecA, it removes 24 amino acids at the N-terminus, turning it into UmuD'. UmuD' can form a homodimer and associate with UmuC to form the active UmuD'2C complex.

Functional regulation

UmuD'2C complex is inactive unless associated with RecA*. Pol V directly interacts with  RecA* at the 3' tip of the nucleoprotein filament; this is the site of the nascent DNA strand where Pol V restarts DNA synthesis. Additionally, it has been shown that the REV1/REV3L/REV7 pathway is necessary for the TLS synthesis mediated by DNA polymerase V.

References

External links

DNA replication
EC 2.7.7
EC 3.4.21

DNA polymerase V


Yves-Michel Marti is a pioneer in the field of Competitive Intelligence. He is the founder of Egideria and of the French branch of the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals.

Education
He holds a graduate engineering degree in Telecommunications and 2 Master of Sciences degrees (Microelectronics and Solid-State Physics) from the University of Grenoble, France. He has a Master of Business Administration from Insead, France.  Mr. Marti speaks 6 languages : French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and Classical Arabic.

Career
He was a design engineer of military radars components and of Computer Aided Design software at Dassault Electronique (France), then Pacific Monolithics (Sunnyvale, California, USA), and visiting scientist at Hewlett Packard  (Santa, Ana, California, USA). He then held sales, marketing and general management responsibilities with Lucas Industries (Birmingham, UK).

His work on modeling high frequency circuits received an award from the National Science Foundation, and he gave a course at the Master of Sciences level at the University of California, Berkeley in the USA. He also taught at HEC in France, and at the Fundação Dom Cabral in Brazil.

Intelligence industry
In 1992, he co-founded the French branch of the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals, and served as its Secretary General for 6 years.

In 1994, he founded Egideria, a company specializing in competitive intelligence investigations, which was listed as one of the top French companies in the industry by the newsletter  Intelligence Online in 2003, then in 2006, and by the daily newspaper Le Figaro in 2007.

Research
Egideria's investigations are based on innovative guidelines (the Ethical Bible), recognized by academia. Mr Marti developed innovative tools for strategic information analysis, especially in the context of mergers and acquisitions, which were applied during the takeover of the petroleum multinational Elf by Total

In 1996, Yves-Michel Marti co-authored the book L'Intelligence économique et concurrentielle : les yeux et les oreilles de l'entreprise which received the Best European Business Book Award from the Financial Times and Booz Allen Hamilton. Business Digest review considers it as a management classic.

In 1997 at the SCIP conference in San Diego, Mr Marti delivered the breakthrough and controversial communication What can one learn from the Intelligence System of the Roman Catholic Church?.

Published Books
 Collective book under the direction of Eric Denecé, ''Renseignement et espionnage de la Renaissance à la Révolution (XVe- XVIIIe siècles)'', Ellipses, 2021, .
 Bruno Martinet, Yves-Michel Marti, ''L'intelligence économique : les yeux et les oreilles de l'entreprise'', Éditions d'Organisation, 1996 new edition 2001,.
 Jean-Marie Lepeule and Yves-Michel Marti, ''Benchmarking et intelligence économique'', Eurostaf, 1999, .
 Collective book under the direction of Benjamin Gilad and Jan P. Herring, The Art and Science of Business Intelligence Analysis, JAI Press, 1996,  .
 Collective book under the direction of Robert Soares, ''Gallium Arsenide MESFET Circuit Design'', Artech House, 1988, .

References

Market researchers
Business writers
INSEAD alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Yves-Michel Marti


Tony Salmelainen (born August 8, 1981) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He last played for HIFK of the Finnish Liiga in 2013. He was originally drafted by the Edmonton Oilers as their second-round pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. His father Tommi Salmelainen was the first European ever to be drafted by an NHL team.

Playing career
Salmelainen started his ice hockey career as a junior player in the Blues organisation, and moved to HIFK for his SM-liiga debut in the 1999-2000 season. In an eventful debut, Salmelainen scored his first goal in his very first shift, and was injured later in the game. He played 19 games for HIFK next season, and transferred to Ilves to get more ice time.

After two seasons with Ilves, Salmelainen moved to North America, where he spent three years with the Edmonton Oilers organization, playing in 13 NHL games in the 2003–04 NHL season.

When the NHL resumed play in 2005, Salmelainen returned to HIFK. He played an excellent season, including setting a personal record by scoring a five-goal, six-point night against the Pelicans in a home game on October 10, and culminating in being chosen best player of the regular season after leading the league in points and goals.

Salmelainen also made headlines during the 2005–06 season when he was sent off during a game against HPK, and threw a trashcan down the corridor to the dressing rooms in anger. After narrowly missing goaltender Jan Lundell, the trashcan accidentally hit his team's bus driver, who was injured in the face. Salmelainen was interrogated by the police and received a two-game suspension.

Salmelainen's NHL player rights were traded from the Edmonton Oilers to the Chicago Blackhawks for defenseman Jaroslav Špaček on January 26, 2006. In the summer of 2006, he signed a new contract with the Blackhawks. On June 16, 2007, he was traded, with Jassen Cullimore, to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange of Sergei Samsonov.

On August 31, 2007, the Toronto Maple Leafs signed Salmelainen to a one-year, two-way contract. On October 23, 2007, Salmelainen was suspended by the Maple Leafs for failing to comply with the terms of his contract after he had signed to play for Yaroslavl Lokomotiv of the Russian Super League for almost $1.5-million (U.S.).

After one season with Yaroslavl, Salmelainen moved to the Swiss National League A with Genève-Servette HC, where he played five seasons.

On July 29, 2013, Salmelainen returned to his first professional club, in signing a one-year contract with HIFK of his native Finland. However, he was soon forced to end his career due to a neck injury.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards
 Lasse Oksanen trophy for best player during the regular season - 2006
 Aarne Honkavaara trophy for best goal scorer during the regular season - 2006
 Veli-Pekka Ketola trophy for most points scored during the regular season - 2006

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Edmonton Oilers players
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Finnish ice hockey forwards
Genève-Servette HC players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
HIFK (ice hockey) players
Ilves players
Lausanne HC players
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl players
Ice hockey people from Espoo
Toronto Marlies players
Toronto Roadrunners players

Tony Salmelainen


Hemaris affinis, the honeysuckle bee hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Mongolia, the Russian Far East, northern, central and eastern China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea and Japan.

The wingspan is 43–54 mm. There are two generations per year in northern China, with adults on wing from May to late August. In Korea, adults have been recorded from early May to early November.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Lonicera maackii in the Russian Far East and China, as well as Lonicera japonica and Patrinia scabiosaefolia in Korea.

References

A
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1861

Hemaris affinis


The Bucks County Show is an annual one-day agricultural show held in Buckinghamshire, England established in 1859. In recent years it has been held in Weedon Park, two miles north of Aylesbury on the last Thursday of August. The show is organised by Bucks County Agricultural Association, a registered charity.

History
The show was established in 1859 and was originally known as the Royal and Central Bucks Show following the amalgamation of the Royal Bucks Agricultural Association (obtaining its royal prefix in 1834) and the Central Bucks Agricultural Society.

By 1891 it was called the Royal Bucks Show, and had 5,000 visitors and 670 entries.

Between 1988 and 1952 the show was held in the grounds of Hartwell House. Since 1988 when it has remained at Weedon Park.

Since its inception, the show has been held in various locations including Waddesdon Manor, Walton Grange, Mentmore and Chesham.

The show used to include ploughing matches held at Prebendal Farm, Aylesbury.

The 2014 show was the 147th. There have been breaks in its history due to war and the foot and mouth outbreak in 2001.

References

External links

Agricultural shows in England
August events
Festivals in Buckinghamshire
1859 establishments in England
Festivals established in 1859

Bucks County Show


The July 15 Incident (), known by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as the July 15 counter-revolutionary coup (), and as the Wuhan–Communist split () by the Kuomintang (KMT), occurred on 15 July 1927. Following growing strains in the coalition between the KMT government in Wuhan and the CCP, and under pressure from the rival nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, Wuhan leader Wang Jingwei ordered a purge of communists from his government in July 1927.

Background

During the Northern Expedition (1926–1928) to reunify a fragmented China, Kuomintang policy was one of "allying with Russia and tolerating the communists" () under the First United Front between the KMT and CCP. However, after the anti-communist faction of the KMT led by Chiang Kai-shek organized a massacre of communists and leftists in April 1927, the nationalist government in Wuhan, led by Wang Jingwei, denounced Chiang, who established his own government in Nanjing, marking the start of the Nanjing–Wuhan split. The Wuhan government initially maintained the alliance with the CCP but later, tension escalated between them. Warlords such as Feng Yuxiang, who commanded large military forces, also called for severing of ties with the Communist Party.

KMT leftist–CCP relations remained close after the "Shanghai massacre" purge of communists by Chiang Kai-shek on 12 April, and joint KMT–CCP conferences continued to be held frequently. Workers and farmers' movements continued to grow, but some KMT generals and soldiers, especially those from landowning or merchant families, were disturbed by an increase in class warfare killings. Xu Kexiang, the KMT regimental commander of the 33rd regiment, 35th army launched an operation to disarm the communists on 21 May (), and before long, Xia Douyin, the commander of the 14th Independent Division, also led an anti-communist mutiny. Although the Wuhan government had ordered their suppression, under the protection of warlord He Jian and other officials, they succeeded in defecting to the Nanjing government, which led to Wuhan losing control of parts of Hubei and most of Hunan. On 29 June, Wuhan garrison commander Li Pinxian and He Jian openly declared their support for the anti-communist cause, and dispersed the Hankou strikers and their militant forces. As disruption and discord continued at Wuhan, the Communist International (Comintern) issued a series of orders known as the "May Instructions" on 1 June, which Wang thought would destroy the KMT. Under increasing pressure, Wang decided to break with the communists and the Soviet Union.

Events of 15 July
On 15 July, Wang Jingwei held a meeting within KMT, during which he formally publicised the content of the "May Instructions" and condemned CCP's decisions, though he maintained the position that non-violent methods should be used to remove the communists from Wuhan. This proposal met with approval from most members; the only one who protested and walked out was Soong Ching-ling's representative Eugene Chen. In the end, the meeting passed the "Policy of Uniting the Party", a statement that was directed against CCP's declaration, requesting that all the communists within the KMT and the army immediately declare their withdrawal from the CCP or face immediate suspension. Additionally, the Wuhan government sent envoys to Moscow to discuss how to bilaterally guarantee the freedom and safety of the communists who were about to withdraw. After Wang was made aware of the CCP declaration of 13 July, on the following day, in the name of the political committee presidium, he accused the communist party of having "ruined the revolution", and suspended all the communists from the Wuhan government.

Chief Soviet advisor to the Wuhan government Mikhail Borodin left Wuhan secretly sometime between 13 and 16 July. Upon hearing of his having left, General He Jian opened fire on Borodin's former headquarters, and martial law was declared. KMT forces loyal to Chiang Kai-shek gradually began to take over the city, and Jian's troops raided leftist strongholds and arrested or killed those who had not fled. Soviet military advisor Vasily Blyukher escaped an assassination attempt as he left the city for Shanghai, where he bid farewell to Chiang, who allowed him to escape to Russia. By the 18th, Wuhan was awash in anti-communist, anti-Soviet, and anti-Borodin propaganda posters. Although the Wuhan government was purging communists, this did not immediately mean that their confrontation with Chiang Kai-shek had ended, and they persisted in regarding him as "the only enemy to our country and party".

In response to the purge, CCP forces launched the Nanchang uprising against the KMT Wuhan government on 1 August, beginning the Chinese Civil War, and on the 19th, the Wuhan government reconciled with the Nanjing government.

See also
 Second United Front

References

Political history of China
Political movements in China
Military coups in China
1927 in China
History of Wuhan
Kuomintang
Military history of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
1920s coups d'état and coup attempts
Northern Expedition
Chinese Communist Revolution

July 15 Incident


"Antmusic" is a song by English rock band Adam and the Ants, released as the third single in the UK from the album Kings of the Wild Frontier.

"Antmusic" (often stylised as 'Antmusic') peaked at No. 2 in the UK in January 1981, being held off the top by the re-release of John Lennon's "Imagine" after his murder in New York City on 8 December 1980. In Australia, the single spent five weeks at No. 1 on the Kent Music Report and earned the band platinum certification for sales of over 100,000 copies. It also reached No. 2 in South Africa, No. 4 in Ireland, and No. 6 in New Zealand. In the North America, the song reached No. 14 on the US Rock Albums & Top Tracks chart, as well as number 19 on the National Disco Action Top 30 chart (alongside "Dog Eat Dog" and "Kings of the Wild Frontier"), but it did not find success in Canada.

The music video to "Antmusic" features the group playing in a discothèque with a giant juke box, and persuading the young audience to turn away from disco music and dance to the new-styled "Antmusic". The music video was directed by Steve Barron.

The song was featured in the 2015 film Ant-Man.

"Fall In"
It was common for Ant to record new versions of his pre-1980 compositions for the B-side of his singles. For this single, a song dating back to the pre-Ants band the B-Sides in 1976 called "Fall In" was used. The song was co-written by Ant and Lester Square and originally titled "Fall Out" until the Police released a song by that same name in May 1977. A recording has surfaced of the song being performed by the Ants at a private preview show in a Muswell Hill bedroom on 5 May 1977.  Following Square's departure, Ant added new lyrics referencing the band's regular rehearsal space at the Screen on the Green cinema in Islington. The resulting version was first recorded as a home demo in Putney in July 1977, and a full band demo was recorded at Decca Studios in August 1978. The version on the Antmusic B-side was recorded in 1980 during sessions for the Kings album at Rockfield Studios. The song has been a frequent feature of Ant's live setlists both with the Ants and solo from 1977 to the present day. Live versions have been released on the 1994 live album Antmusic: The Very Best of Adam Ant: Disc Two and in excerpt form on the 2014 documentary The Blueblack Hussar directed by Jack Bond. The 1978 Decca Studios version appears in full as closing credit music on the 2015 DVD live video album Dirk Live at the Apollo.

Square's later band the Monochrome Set also continued to perform a version of the song, with new lyrics, under the title "Fallout". The song appeared as a B-side to the 1979 single "He's Frank (Slight Return)" as well as a 1979 Peel Session. Another joint Ant/Square composition titled "Fat Fun", which had similar shared ownership between the two bands (albeit again with differing lyrics), was recorded by the Ants at Rockfield Studios but not released until 2000 on the Antbox box set. The Monochrome Set's version of "Fat Fun" can be heard on the compilation Volume, Contrast, Brilliance....

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Cover versions
Robbie Williams recorded a cover version on the B-side of his single "No Regrets" in 1998, which was used in A Bug's Life.
OK Go released a cover version of it on the B-side of the single "Get Over It".
DJ Hyper recorded a cover featuring Leeroy Thornhill for their album We Control.
The Charlatans and Dirty Pretty Things covered it live on Transmission on 5 September 2008
Rogue Traders recorded a song titled "Would You Raise Your Hands?" which contained samples from "Antmusic", including the lyrics "So unplug the jukebox and do us all a favour".
The Quakes recorded a cover version on the album Psyops in 2005.
Hypnolovewheel recorded a cover of the song that was included on the compilation album Freedom of Choice: Yesterday's New Wave Hits as Performed by Today's Stars.

References

External links

1980 songs
1980 singles
1981 singles
Adam and the Ants songs
Music videos directed by Steve Barron
Number-one singles in Australia
Songs written by Marco Pirroni
Songs written by Adam Ant
Epic Records singles
CBS Records singles
Song recordings produced by Chris Hughes (record producer)

Antmusic


The Tupolev ANT-43 was an experimental passenger aircraft designed and built by the Tupolev Design Bureau in the 1930s.

Design and development
The ANT-43 was a seven-passenger, low-wing monoplane design of all-metal construction, bearing resemblance to the Tupolev ANT-31 (I-14) fighter. Intended as an HQ liaison aircraft, it was conceived using a stencil-based template design method rather than project drawings, and construction of the prototype was undertaken 1935-1936; it was this design method that proved to be the project's undoing. Due to concerns about weaknesses in the ANT-43's airframe construction, when the ANT-43 prototype was completed, TsAGI summoned a commission led by Viktor N. Belyayev to decide whether the ANT-43 was fit for flight testing. The commission, deciding that the ANT-43 prototype did not meet structural strength norms, refused to approve flight tests for the aircraft, and the ANT-43 was scrapped without ever being flown.

Specifications

References

1930s Soviet experimental aircraft
Tupolev aircraft
1930s Soviet military utility aircraft

Tupolev ANT-43


The Jackson Lake Ranger Station is the last Depression-era U.S. Forest Service ranger station in its original location in Grand Teton National Park.  When first established, the park comprised only the mountainous terrain above Jackson Hole, while the remainder of what would eventually become the park was administered by the Forest Service as part of Teton National Forest. The Jackson Lake Station was built in 1933 as close as possible to Park Service property as possible as a kind of resistance to the park's expansion.  The station was one of five Forest Service stations in the area, and was taken over by the National Park Service when Jackson Hole National Monument was established in 1943, later becoming an enlarged Grand Teton National Park.  It is the only such station not to have been moved or altered by the Park Service.

Description
The ranger station building is a 1-1/2 story log structure typical of the rustic bungalow style used by the Forest Service for its buildings of the era. An outhouse, 1-1/2 story garage and 2-1/2 story barn complete the grouping. The site is on the Teton Park Road overlooking the Willow Flats and Jackson Lake. Of the five Forest Service ranger stations in the area, the Jackson Lake station is the only one not to have been moved or rebuilt after the Park Service takeover.

Forest Service vs. Park Service
The enlargement of Grand Teton National Park was the subject of bitter disagreement in the local population and of resentment in the Forest Service, which had opposed the transfer. When the Forest Service vacated the Jackson Lake station in 1943 it took all of the station's furnishings and fixtures, interpreting "movable equipment" to include piping, plumbing fixtures, doors and cabinets. A four-foot wide hole was cut in the floor to remove an underground water tank, leaving the building in poor condition.  In advance of a visit by congressmen in 1943 a live skunk was placed in the building, dying there. Public opinion blamed Forest Service personnel who did not wish the congressional delegation to see the damage.

The Jackson Lake Ranger Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1990.

See also
 Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

References

External links

Jackson Lake Ranger Station at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Grand Teton National Park
National Forests of Wyoming
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Park Service ranger stations
United States Forest Service ranger stations
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Teton National Park
1933 establishments in Wyoming

Jackson Lake Ranger Station


An intracule is a quantum mechanical mathematical function for the two electron density which depends not upon the absolute values of position or momentum but rather upon their relative values. Its use is leading to new methods in physics and computational chemistry to investigate the electronic structure of molecules and solids. These methods are a development of Density functional theory (DFT), but with the two electron density replacing the one electron density.

References
 P. M. W. Gill, D. L. Crittenden, D. P. O'Neill and N. A. Besley, A family of intracules, a conjecture and the electron correlation problem, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2006, 8, 15 - 25.

Computational chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Computational physics

Intracule


A nightclub act is a production, usually of nightclub music or comedy, designed for performance at a nightclub, a type of drinking establishment, by a nightclub performer such as a nightclub singer or nightclub dancer, whose performance may also be referred to as a nightclub act. A scheduled performance, such as a wedding gig, is a club date.

Acts may resemble revues and, "a good part of the music heard in nightclubs is standard popular song (jazz standards and the so-called Great American Songbook) and theater music repertoire...comedy songs, novelty songs, and the occasional torch song." "Cabaret, literally, is a subset of nightclub performance...In actual modern usage the terms 'nightclub' and 'cabaret' are virtually interchangeable."

The role of the female nightclub singer occurs frequently in fiction: books, movies, television, and even songs; she may serve as temptress, kidnapping or abuse victim, femme fatale, gangster moll, or as a prostitute. Due to censorship, a nightclub singer was often used to replace a prostitute character in film adaptations of books.

Nightclub acts were more common in the past, as modern nightclubs have moved towards dance music, DJs, and rave like environments. However, musicians such as David Bowie and Madonna have played nightclub singers in music videos and live performances. In New York City, since 1985, successful, enduring, or innovative cabaret acts have been honored by the annual Bistro Awards.

Performers
Notable nightclub performers include:

Performers at the 500 Club, one of the most popular nightclubs on the East Coast, included Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Martin and Lewis, the Will Mastin Trio, Jimmy Durante, Eartha Kitt, Sophie Tucker, the Jackie Paris Trio, Milton Berle, Nat King Cole, and Liberace, among many others.

See also
Broadway theatre
Dinner theater
Easy listening
Exotica
Go-go dancing
Stripper
Ziegfeld Follies

Notes

References

Fictional female musicians

Nightclub act


Robert H. "Rob" Reid (born October 2, 1966) is an American author and entrepreneur. He is the author of two cyberthriller novels, Year Zero: A Novel, and After On: A Novel of Silicon Valley, as well as a non-fiction book, Architects of the Web, about the rise of the internet business. Reid is the founder of Listen.com Inc., which created the Rhapsody digital music service.

Early life
Robert Reid was born in New York City, and grew up in Darien, Connecticut. As an undergraduate at Stanford University he studied Arabic and International Relations. He also has an MBA from Harvard. In 1994, Reid moved to Silicon Valley to work for Silicon Graphics, where he managed the company's relations with Netscape.

Career

Writing

After Silicon Graphics, Reid became a venture capitalist. He continued to write as well, for places such as Wired, including a 1997 cover story about online video.

In 1995, Reid wrote Year One, which was an examination of student life, as a student at Harvard Business School. The paperback was released by Avon the following year, in the wake of positive reviews from Business Week and others.

Reid wrote Architects of the Web, a book about the Silicon Valley, in 1997. It chronicled the rise of the Internet as a commercial medium as well as then rising entrepreneurs like Marc Andreessen of Netscape, Jerry Yang of Yahoo and Rob Glaser of RealNetworks. It was positively reviewed and later released in paperback in 1999.

In July 2012, Random House/Del Rey published Year Zero, a work of science fiction. The plot revolves around alien cultures coming into contact with Earth music. The resulting fines and penalties from copyright infringement have bankrupted the whole universe. Humans suddenly own everything—and the aliens are not amused.

In August 2017, Random House/Del Rey published After On: A Novel of Silicon Valley, a cyberthriller also rooted in science fiction. The plot involves the rise of a superintelligent AI and involves elements concerning data privacy and government intrusion, post-Tinder romance, nihilistic terrorism, artificial consciousness, and synthetic biology.

Business and lecturing
Reid was the sole founder of the online music company Listen.com, where he served as CEO and as Executive chairman. In 2001, Listen.com launched Rhapsody, an unlimited music streaming service for $9.99 a month—the first licensed service of its kind. In 2003, the company was acquired by RealNetworks, where Reid remained as a company vice president. Later, MTV purchased Rhapsody from RealNetworks for $230 million.

In March 1999, Reid became the founding outside board member of IGN Entertainment. IGN went public in March of the following year and was acquired by News Corp in September 2005 for $650MM.

In March 2012, Reid gave a main-stage TED talk called "The $8 Billion iPod." He explained his idea of "copyright math." The talk satirized the information provided by entertainment lobbyists and lawyers to indicate losses accrued by the entertainment industry due to "copyright theft." In April 2019, Reid gave a main-stage TED talk warning of a coming pandemic - specifically, one caused by an artificial pathogen.

Personal life
Reid is married to former G4 personality and technology journalist Morgan Webb. The two collaborated on the online show Webbalert – a daily video podcast covering developments in the tech world. WebbAlert ran until 2009.

References

External links

American company founders
American venture capitalists
Stanford University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
People from Darien, Connecticut
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
1966 births
Living people
American male writers

Robert Reid (author)


Robert Rotenberg (born April 21, 1953) is a Canadian criminal defence lawyer and writer, based in Toronto. He has worked as a criminal defence lawyer from the 1990s. As of April, 2019 he practices as part of the association of Rotenberg Shidlowski Jesin. Rotenberg's first novel, Old City Hall is an international best-seller. He has written four additional legal thriller novels.

Early life and education
Robert Rotenberg was born and raised in Toronto, with three brothers (Lawrence, David, and Matthew) sons of Jewish parents Dr. Cyril Rotenberg, a physician, and his mother Gertrude Ruth (Gertie) Rotenberg, described as a "woman of initiative, of new ideas and steady values." Rotenberg studied at the University of Toronto, Osgoode Hall and the London School of Economics.

Older brother David Rotenberg also attended the University of Toronto and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He left Toronto in 1971, eventually making a name for himself first as a theatre director in the United States, and, after he returned to Toronto in 1987, very well respected acting teacher and best-selling novelist in his own right.

Career
While in Europe in the early 1980s, he was the managing editor of English-language magazine Passion, The Magazine of Paris. When he returned to Canada, he and a partner founded and published T.O. The Magazine of Toronto, which ran for six years and folded in 1988 .

He and associates Alvin Shidlowski and Jacob Jesin have had a criminal law practice in Toronto since the early 1990s Rotenberg, Shidlowski, Jesin, defending, as Rotenberg describes it, "everything from murder to shoplifting." Cases attracting particular attention have included the defence in 2007 of an Ontario College of Art and Design student who planted a fake bomb and posted a YouTube video about it as part of an art project, which in turn prompted an evacuation during a gala fundraiser at the Royal Ontario Museum. Rotenberg continues to actively practice law while focusing on his writing career, saying he plans to write 20 legal thrillers set in Toronto.

Writing

Rotenberg's first novel, Old City Hall, is set in Toronto. The novel features scenes in the city's historic Old City Hall, now used as a courthouse. The book was published in February–March 2009 in North America and the United Kingdom, and audio and translated international versions have been published in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia, Poland, Japan and Israel. Critical reviews of the novel were mixed to positive. Kirkus Reviews wrote: "Both plot and prose are ordinary, but the atmospherics, and especially Rotenberg's affection for the city of Toronto and the involutions of the law, make this a fast-paced, appealing addition to the [legal thriller] genre. In Publishers Weekly, Sara Crichton declared that the courtroom scenes were the highlights of Old City Hall, while "too many underdeveloped characters and unnecessary subplots may leave some readers feeling the eventual trial wasn't worth the wait."

Since then, he has published The Guilty Plea in 2011, Stray Bullets in 2012 and Stranglehold in 2013, "Heart of the City" in 2018. All of his books have been on the Globe & Mail bestseller. The 2011 publication was a finalist for the British Crime Writers' Association New Blood Dagger Award. All Rotenberg's books are set in Toronto, and feature the same ensemble cast. A 2021 book, Downfall, has the male protagonist, Ari Greene, promoted to head of homicide squad of the Toronto Police Force.

In 2013, NPR broadcast a feature story about Rotenberg and Toronto for their "Crime in the City" series, describing how he developed his characters by giving them actual locations in Toronto to live.

Rotenberg also teaches part-time at the Humber Writing School correspondence course and does writing seminars at various law firms in Toronto as well as lecturing at an LLM program at Osgoode Hall Law School. He has participated in The Word on the Street, Authors at Harbourfront Centre, Toronto and the Ottawa International Writers Festival, Thrillerfest in New York City, among other literary events.

He has written for two episodes for Murdoch Mysteries, "Murdoch Schmurdoch" (2018) & "Manual for Murder" (2019).

Personal life
Rotenberg is married to Vaune Davis and together, they have three children.

References

External links
 Rotenberg Shidlowski Jesin law firm

 Everybody lies. Even in Toronto. Macleans, March 5, 2009
 Lawyer's whodunit set in Toronto court, Toronto Star, March 3, 2009
 Murder most local, Globe and Mail, February 28, 2009

 The Scales of Injustice, Globe and Mail (reprinted by The Canadian Bar Association), January 11, 2003

Living people
Canadian male novelists
1953 births
Canadian lawyers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Canadian mystery writers
Writers from Toronto
Alumni of the London School of Economics
University of Toronto alumni

Robert Rotenberg


Christmas is an album by Elaine Paige, released in 1986, the fifth and final album to be released on the label until the release of Piaf in 1994. The album reached number 27 in the UK album charts. The album was re-issued on CD in 2006.

It was the fourth and last of Paige's albums to be produced by Tony Visconti, after Stage (1983), Cinema (1984) and Love Hurts (1985).

The album was recorded at Visconti's Good Earth Studios in September 1986. In contrast to Paige's musical theatre background, a feature of all her Visconti-produced recordings is the pop arrangements.
"Ave Maria" had been recorded and released as a single in 1982, it was also included on the 2-CD set Save The Children - Christmas Carols and Festive Songs in 1988.
"A Winter's Tale" was written by Wombles producer Mike Batt and Paige's then partner, lyricist Tim Rice and had been originally recorded by David Essex. Rice also contributed a voiceover as Santa on the final track. Tommy Körberg who, in 1986, was starring alongside Paige in the London production of Chess performed the Bing Crosby part on "Peace On Earth/Little Drummer Boy".

The album cover artwork featured Paige in a fake fur stole decorated with mistletoe. The reverse cover showed another 12 shots from the photoshoot where Paige makes a variety of humorous poses.

Track listing

 "Walking in the Air" - 3.29 (Howard Blake)
 "Peace on Earth" - 3.01 (Buz Kohan, Larry Grossman, Ian Fraser) / The Little Drummer Boy (Harry Simeone, Henry V. Onorati, Katherine K. Davis)
 "The Little Drummer Boy"
 "Father Christmas Eyes" - 4.36 (Julia Downes, Johnny Warman, Don Black)
 "Ave Maria" - 3.52 (Charles Gounod)
 "Wishin' On a Star" - 3.52 (Billie Calvin)
 "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" - 2.50 (Haven Gillespie, J. Fred Coots)
 "Coventry Carol" - 2.28 (Traditional)
 "The Coldest Night of the Year (Incredible Phat)" - 4.45 (Jimmy Webb)
 "Light of the Stable" - 3.06 (Steve Rhymer, Elizabeth Rhymer)
 "I Believe in Father Christmas" - 3.28 (Greg Lake, Peter Sinfield)
 "A Winter's Tale" - 3.58 (Mike Batt, Tim Rice)
 "Thirty-Two Feet and Eight Little Tails" - 0.51 (John Redmond, James Cavanaugh, Frank Weldon)

Personnel

Musicians
Elaine Paige - vocals
Mel Collins - tenor saxophone
Mitch Dalton - guitars
Mary Hopkin - backing vocals
Mini Pops (Richard Agg, Kelly East, Paul Hardy, Zoe Hart, Robin Wilson, Jessica Visconti) - backing vocals
Steve Pearce - bass guitar
Tim Rice - Santa voiceover on "Thirty-Two Feet and Eight Little Tails"
Robin Smith -  musical director, keyboards
Ali Thomson - backing vocals
Graham Ward - drums
Mari Wilson - backing vocals

The Astarte Orchestra was led by Gavyn Wright

Production
Producer and Mixer - Tony Visconti
Mixer - Sid Wells
Assistant Engineer - Sam Smith
Orchestral Arrangements and "Coventry Carol" Arrangement - Robin Smith
Strings Arrangements - Tony Visconti
"Ave Maria" Producer and Arranger - Mike Batt

Certifications and sales

References

Elaine Paige albums
1986 Christmas albums
Albums produced by Tony Visconti
Christmas albums by English artists
Pop Christmas albums
Warner Music Group albums

Christmas (Elaine Paige album)


Llyn Eiddwen () is a lake and site of special scientific interest near Trefenter in Ceredigion, Wales. It is the source of the River Aeron.

This natural lake provides an environment to preserve rare local water-plant life and seasonal animals. It is owned and managed by the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales. Surrounded by sheep-grazed common land, it is part of a national nature reserve. Visitors come on foot from the north or on bridleways from the south.

Remote and peaceful, Llyn Eiddwen National Nature Reserve lies in the gentle slopes of Mynydd Bach, to the north west of Tregaron town in Ceredigion. The wet and quiet nature of its habitats suits shy creatures such as water voles and otters. A climb to the summit of the surrounding hills reveals views of Cardigan Bay to the west, and of the Pumlumon and Elenydd uplands to the north and east.

External links
 Species
 Land Info
 Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales

References

Eiddwen
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Ceredigion

Llyn Eiddwen


Gerald John Mordaunt (20 January 1873 – 5 March 1959), sometimes known as Gerry Mordaunt, was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket for Oxford University, Kent County Cricket Club, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), the Gentlemen and other amateur sides between 1893 and 1904.

Early life
Mordaunt was born at Wellesbourne Hastings in Warwickshire and educated at Wellington College and University College, Oxford. He played cricket at both school and university, captaining the Wellington College side for three years. He was in the Oxford team for the University Match against Cambridge for four seasons from 1893 to 1896 and was captain in 1895, when his team included three future captains of the England national cricket team, Warner, C. B. Fry and H. D. G. Leveson Gower. As well as playing cricket, Mordaunt won the Public Schools Racquets Challenge Cup in 1891 and won an athletics blue in long jump in 1896.

Career
Mordaunt played as a right-handed middle-order batsman and was described in his Wisden obituary as "free-scoring batsman, specially skilled in off-side strokes". He was also noted for his fielding: Pelham Warner in an obituary of him in The Times claimed that he may never have dropped a catch. He made a total of 60 appearances in first-class cricket matches, including 34 for Oxford and 16 for Kent and played in three Gentlemen v Players matches between 1894 and 1895. He was awarded his Kent county cap in 1895.

He toured North America with Lord Hawke's side in 1894, playing in both first-class matches against the Gentlemen of Philadelphia on the tour and in 1895 made his highest score of 264 not out. This came in a match against Sussex in which 1410 runs were scored, at the time a record for a three-day match, and was one of two centuries he scored in his first-class career.

Several members of Mordaunt's family also played first-class cricket. His brothers Henry and Eustace played for Middlesex and for other teams, his father, John Mordaunt, played for MCC and his grandson David Mordaunt was a Sussex and Minor Counties cricketer in the last days of amateurism in the 1950s.

Mordaunt was restricted by business commitments from playing county cricket more regularly. He died at Hayling Island in Hampshire in March 1959, at the age of 86.

References

External links

1873 births
1959 deaths
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Kent cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
I Zingari cricketers
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Lord Hawke's XI cricketers
People from Stratford-upon-Avon
Cricketers from Warwickshire

Gerald Mordaunt


The Four Brothers were a pop group from Zimbabwe. The members were not brothers. They played fast-paced guitar-based pop music with songs sung in the Shona language. Their lead guitar string-plucking sound is reminiscent of the sound of the African mbira instrument and is a style known as 'jit'.

History
Founded in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) in 1977 by Marshall Munhumumwe and Never Mutare with Edward Matigasi and Aleck Chipaika, the band gained international recognition in the late 1980s with UK BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel being their most well known advocate.

Marshall Munhumumwe was the maternal uncle of Zimbabwean star Thomas Mapfumo. Marshal Munhumumwe was the last born in the family of Thomas Mapfumo's mother.

At the time the Four Brothers formed, bands in Rhodesia were not allowed to play traditional African music. The Four Brothers therefore played rock and roll cover versions of well-known artists such as the Beatles. They took up a residency position at the Saratoga bar in Salisbury (now Harare).

After the Chimurenga war of independence in Zimbabwe, it became possible to again play traditional music. The band's format and instruments are influenced by western rock and roll but the sound is evidently originating from Africa. The lead guitar is played in such a way as to sound like mbira. Most of the early recordings were produced at Shed Studios, by Bothwell Nyamhondera, during sessions for Gramma Records.

Marshall Munhumumwe wrote most of the band's songs and music as well as unusually being both the lead singer and drummer. Their first big hit in Zimbabwe, 'Makorokoto', celebrated Zimbabwean independence. Makorokoto means 'Congratulations' in the Shona language.

International recognition
After signing a deal with British record label, Cooking Vinyl, the band toured the UK and Canada. It is at this point that a rift appeared between Marshal Munhumumwe and Patrick Mukwamba as he claims he was cut out of the deal and left behind. This tour apparently brought the band a greater degree of musical freedom enabling them to buy new instruments and to record more.

BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel championed The Four Brothers in the UK. They recorded  four radio sessions for his show between 1988 and 2000. The band played at Peel's surprise 50th birthday party at his home and he selected 'Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo' as one of his favourite records of all time on the radio show Desert Island Discs in 1990. Peel is often quoted as describing the Four Brothers as "..the best live band in the world".

Death of main members
In 1997 founder member Marshall Munhumumwe suffered a stroke, following a car crash. He was unable to continue to perform with the band and was replaced by Albert Ruwizhi. Munhumumwe died in 2001 at the age of 49 and the following year bass guitarist Never Mutare died. The last surviving member, Frank Sibanda died peacefully in December 2010.

Controversy and legacy
In 2007, former band member James Nyamande who had been kicked out by Frank Sibanda after its demise in 2002, attempted to resuscitate the band but failed. By then he had formed his own band, the Makombe Brothers, although this group performed several Four Brothers songs. In 2012, Nyamande released an album under the Four Brothers name in an attempt to maintain the band's legacy, but was ordered by a civil court not to use the name, after objection from Marshall Munhumumwe's family.

In 2000 Marshal Munhumumwe bought a house next door to Patrick Mukwamba in Seke Township. He moved-in with his second wife Joanna, his oldest son Marshall Munhumumwe Jr. and Shingayi Munhumumwe, his second born son, both from his first marriage.

In 2016, Marshall Munhumumwe Jr., the son of the founder, joined the new Four Brothers/Makombe Brothers band as their administrator, to maintain his father's legacy.

Discography and band members

Mandega/Makorokoto
(7 inch single 1977) Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC)

Mandega (Doing it alone) - Their 1st song. Makorokoto (Congratulations) - Their 1st hit.

Mandega
Makorokoto

Rugare
(US LP/Cassette 1986) WEA Records/Tusk Music Company SUH1048/ZSUH1048

Marshall Munhumunwe - lead vocals, drums, composer

Rugare
Pahukama
Uchandifunga
Wakasarudza Akanaka
Unondichemera Unondipei
Usagare Ne Chigumbu
Ndakatadzeiko
Swere Ngoma

Ndakatambura Newe
(LP 1987) Kumusha/Gramma Records KSALP119

Ndakatambura Newe
Nhaka Yemusiiranwa
Ane Mari Ndiye Mukuru
Chiiko Ichi?
Mashoko Ababa Namai
Zvaita Sei?
Vematongo Rooranai
Udza Vamwe Vako

Title
Patrick Mkwamba and The Four Brothers

Zvinonaka Zvinodhura
Dai Ndiri Shiri
..

Tonosangana Ikoko
Patrick Mkwamba and The Four Brothers

(LP 1984) Kumusha/Gramma Records KSALP104

Wapenga Nayo Bonus
Vakakunda Zviedzo
Kubhawa Handigare
Emeriya Usanyengedzwe
Mombe Youmai
Uri Tsotsi
Ndatendeuka
Mwana Wandaida Kuroora

Rudo Chete
(LP 1988) Kumusha/Gramma Records KSALP124

Rudo Chete
Ngatipindukewo
Vabereki
Wakazvarwa Sei
Kutambura Chete
Munondizvidza
Chenjerera Ngozi
Nhamo

Uchandifunga
(UK 12-inch single 1988)  (Recorded at Shed Studios, Harare, Zimbabwe) Cooking Vinyl FRY005T

Uchandifunga (Dance remix)
Makorokoto (lyrics wanted by public demand)
Guhwa Uri Mwana Waani

Vimbayi
(7 inch single 1988) Gramma Records

Vimbayi Part I
..

Makorokoto
(UK compilation CD/LP Gramma Records 1988 © Cooking Vinyl 1989) Cooking Vinyl COOKCD014/COOK014

Marshall Munhumumwe - drums and lead vocals
Never Mutare – bass and vocals
Aleck Chipaika – rhythm guitar and vocals
Edward Matiyasi – lead guitar and vocals

Makorokoto was released on the UK on the Cooking Vinyl record label and uses A Serengeti licensed product from Gramma Records, Zimbabwe. It was a  CD & LP release. The CD contains all 16 tracks while the LP version contains only 10 tracks. When the LP 'Bros' was released the following year the tracks that did not appear on the Makorokoto LP were included as a free six track EP Gramma Records/Cooking Vinyl CHEF002X

Uchandifunga
Vimbayi (2)
Rumbidzai (6)
Makorokoto
Rudo Imoto (1)
Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo (4)
Maishoko Ababa Namai (3)
Guhwa Uri Mwana Waani
Wapenga Nayo Bonus
Siya Zviriko (5)
Rugare
Ndakatadzeiko
Pamusoroi
Nhaka Yemusiiranwa
Sara Tasangana
Ndakatambura

Makorokoto
(UK 7 inch single) Earthworks DIG002

Makorokoto
Wasira Kupurezha

The Peel Seesions
(UK 12 inch red vinyl EP 1988) BBC Enterprises Ltd./Strange Fruit SFPS070

Never Mutare - bass and backing vocals
Frank Sibanda - guitar and backing vocals
Alick Chipaika - guitar and backing vocals
Marshall Ticharwa Munhumumwe - drums and lead vocals

Rugare
Uchandifunga
Vimbayi
Pahukama

Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo
(7 inch single 1989)

Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo
..

Bros
(UK CD/LP 1989) Cooking Vinyl COOKCD023/COOK023

Frank Sibanda replaced Edward Matiyasi – Lead guitar and vocals

Rudo Chete
Ngatipindukewo
Nhamo
Kutambura Chete
Zuro Chisara
Munondizvidza
Vabereki
Chenjerera Ngozi
Wakazvarwa

The Best Of The Four Brothers (Makorokoto)
(US compilation CD 1990) Atomic Theory ATD1106

Uchandifunga
Vimbayi
Rumbidzai
Makorokoto
Rudo Imoto
Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo
Maishoko Ababa Namai
Guhwa Uri Mwana Waani
Wapenga Nayo Bonus
Siya Zviriko
Rugare
Ndakatadzeiko
Pamusoroi
Nhaka Yemusiiranwa
Sara Tasangana
Ndakatambura

Mukadzi Wepiri
(LP 1990) Kumusha/Gramma Records KSALP129

Mukadzi Wepiri
Chidhakwa
Mazita Nezviito
Zvakona
Chiroora
Tezvara
Musandodaro
Chandavengerwa

Wachiveiko?
Marshall Munhumumwe & The Four Brothers

(LP, Cassette 1993) Kumusha/Gramma Records KSALP147, L4KSALP147

Wachiveiko?
Ndiregerei
Karingazuva
Ndatove Muranda
Kana Wangoroora
Zvichakunetsa
Regai Nditaure

Mambakwedza
Marshall Munhumumwe and Four Brothers

(LP 1994) Gramma Records

Gona Ramachingura
Nditumbure
Muranda
Mwana Wezimbabwe
Buka Tiende
Mhuri Yandiremera
Pfumo Rangu
Musha Waparara

Kumawere
(LP 1994) Gramma Records

Kumawere
Maivepi Pandaikudai
Hapana Asina Muvengi
Matinetsa
Mativenga
Hama Dzatipfuvisa
Chero Uchindida

Mbereko Yakaramba
Marshall Munhumumwe and Four Brothers

(LP 1994)

Mbereko Yakaramba
Ndivumbamireiwo
Takabva Neko
Chawanzwa Usachipamhidzire
Chandagona Ndipembedzeiwo
Tichakunda Chete
Shungu Hadziuraye

Pfimbi Yemashoko
(LP) Gramma Records

..

Ndivhumbamireiwo
(7 inch single 1996) Zimbabwe Music Corporation (ZMC) FYF559

Ndivhumbamireiwo Part I
Ndivhumbamireiwo Part II

Greatest Hits 1994 To 1996
Marshall Munhumumwe and Four Brothers

(compilation CD 1996) Zimbabwe Music Corporation (ZMC) CDZIL308

Ndibvumbamireiwo
Matinetsa
Chero Uchindida
Vatendi
Tauraya Rudzi Rwedu
Rudo Rukave Ruvengo
Mbereko Yakaramba
Mativenga
Chawanzwa Usachipamhidzire
Kumawere

The Hits Of The Four Brothers Volume 2
(compilation CD 1996) Gramma Records ZCD121

Pfimbi Yemashoko
Wachiveiko
Rwendo Rusina Muperekedzi
Vimbayi
Ane Mari Ndiye Mukuru
Rudo Imoto
Rudo Chete
Mwambakwedza
Wadiwa Musamuzonde
Ndakatambura Newe
Rugare
Siya Zviriko
Guhwa Uri Mwana Waani

Manga Manga
(UK CD 1998) Positive Cultural Promotions (PCP) PCPCD02

Never Mutare – bass guitar and backing vocals
Frank Sibanda – lead and acoustic guitar and backing vocals
Albert Ruwizhi – drums and lead vocals
Robium Chauraya – rhythm guitar and backing vocals
(Aleck Chipaika played keyboards at around this time but does not appear on the CD)

Hapana Achanyara
Usagare Nechigumba
Mugomba
Vana Ve Mazuvaano
Ndinotenda
Hunhu Wemunhu
Chakaipa Chiri Nyore
Sarudzai Waenda
Vamwene Vanoshusha

Early Hits Of The Four Brothers
(compilation CD 2000) Gramma Records CDGRAMMA182

Uchandifunga
Vimbayi
Rumbidzai
Makorokoto
Rudo Imoto
Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo
Maishoko Ababa Namai
Guhwa Uri Mwana Waani
Wapenga Nayo Bonus
Siya Zviriko
Rugare
Ndakatadzeiko
Pamusoroi
Nhaka Yemusiiranwa

Zvehama
(Cassette 2002) Zimbabwe Music Corporation (ZMC) ZC361

..

Ruvengo
(CD 2004) Gramma Records

Shungu Dzangu
Ruvengo
Rufu
Kunaka Kwechimwe
Mwari Baba
Molini
Hwenyakwese
Shinga Mwanangu
Shinga mwanangu

The recordings of The Four Brothers appear on many compilation albums. 'Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo' appears on the 2006 compilation in tribute to John Peel 'Right Time, Wrong Speed'.

References

 Sleeve notes to 'Manga Manga' by Brian Altchuler

External links
 Details of Peel Sessions for BBC
 Makorokoto - The Four Brothers Tribute Fanzine

Four Brothers

Four Brothers (band)


Contract bridge, or just bridge, is a trick-taking card game. It is played by two pairs of players, one pair against the other pair. Partners sit opposite each other at a table.

In face-to-face games, a convenient table size is from 32 to 40 inches (80 to 100 centimeters) square. The table is usually covered by green baize cloth. The point of the cloth is to stop cards skittering (sliding) across the table. In online computer play, players from anywhere in the world sit at a virtual table.

Millions of people play bridge in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home. It is one of the world's most popular card games. The World Bridge Federation is the governing body for international competitive bridge.

The game is played in a number of "deals". Each deal goes through four phases: dealing the cards, the auction (also referred to as bidding), playing the cards, and scoring the results.

Duplicate bridge
Most club and tournament play uses duplicate bridge, where the cards are not re-dealt during a session. The same deals are played by most or all players. This allows comparative scoring. The method has one peculiarity: in competition between pairs, all boards count for an equal number of points. The same number of points are available on each and every board (hand). These points are distributed according to the scores. This is a fundamental difference between duplicate bridge pairs and rubber bridge.

In duplicate play between teams, the original scoring method is
used. This is because teams play the same set of boards at each table, but with the seating of players changed (N/S to E/W and E/W to N/S). Thus both teams play the same set of boards.

History

Early history of bridge
It is played with the standard 52 cards in four suits. The game developed out of whist, which is a relatively old card game. Bridge developed in a series of stages from about 1890 to about 1930. The stages included bridge-whist and auction bridge, and the developments took place mostly in New York and London. The origin of the word "bridge" in this context is not really known. One possibility is that it is taken from an 1886 book, Biritch, or Russian Whist by John Collinson.

Publicity in the 1930s
Contract bridge became one of the most popular pastimes when it was publicised by Ely Culbertson, a leading American player and organiser. Anglo-American matches got huge publicity in the newspapers, cinema and radio of the 1930s.

Playing method
Whist is played with the trump suit chosen by chance, whereas in bridge it is chosen by a process called "bidding". A trump is a card which can beat any card from the other three suits.

In whist, the winners had to get most of the tricks (a trick is a round of four cards), that is, seven or more tricks. However, in bridge the players bid in sequence to decide what the "contract" shall be. The contract is decided by the last bid, and will be in one of the four suits, or in "no trumps", without a trump suit.

The scoring rules and the bidding process evolved through stages between 1890 and about 1930. Bids at the one level are offers to make at least seven tricks. Bids at the seven level are offers to make all thirteen tricks. The lowest bid one can make is "one club" and the highest bid is "seven no trumps".

The scoring system for bridge is very much more complicated than it is for whist. Fundamentally, it depends on whether or not declarer makes his contract or not. If he does not, the defending side collect penalty points. If he does make the contract his side wins points. How many points are won or lost depends on the scoring system (not discussed here). Harold S. Vanderbilt played a key role in designing the scoring system, and in 1927 the Whist Club of New York produced a code for contract bridge. They and the Portland Club of London became the authorities who guided the later minor changes to the rules.

The set-up for playing the cards is also different from whist. The side which wins the bidding sequence plays with only one partner ("declarer") controlling both hands. His or her partner is called "dummy", and that hand is played face up on the table so all players can see it.

Duplicate bridge
Like much else in the game, the idea of duplicate play was invented for whist. At "whist drives" North/South pairs sat in the same positions throughout, East/West pairs moved up the series of tables and boards moved down. This simple movement was invented in the 19th century. The first game of duplicate whist was organised by "Cavendish" in London 1857, but it was not followed up. It was played in Chicago in 1880, and the first book about it was written in 1891 by John T. Mitchell. His simple method is known as the Mitchell movement.

Matchpoints
Duplicate bridge for pairs differs in one important way from rubber bridge or team-of-four bridge.  That is: in duplicate bridge every hand is equal, and so every hand offers the same number of points. It is by far the most popular form of bridge today, but it is the form least like the original game.

At matchpoints, all hands offer the same number of points when the result is scored. Points available for each board are the same, no matter whether they are bid to a part-score or a slam. Making one more overtrick than everybody else on a board gives the same result (the top) as making a slam that nobody else bid.

This has all kinds of consequences. Beginners are still taught the original game, but most bridge is duplicate. Many players never discover the difference, and few understand how to play this version differently from older types of bridge.

Matchpoint scoring
The main features of the tactics are:
 Matchpoints
 All hands offer the same number of points.
 Overtricks are important.
 Safety play is often neglected in the hunt for overtricks.
 Thin games and slams are avoided.
 Sacrifices are more frequent; e.g. going down 500 points on a doubled contract is a good result if the opponents can score 620 points for a game.
 Penalty doubles are more frequent. For example, "the magic 200" refers to the situation when a vulnerable pair's contract is doubled and goes one down — the score of 200 will outscore almost all part-score contracts played at other tables.
 Playing in higher-scoring notrump or major suits is important, as it may lead to an extra 10 or 20 points.
Due to the above, it is often unclear to the defence, and sometimes even to declarer, what their goals are. Thus mastering matchpoints play requires additional skills.

Example of a bidding sequence

In the example above, West was the dealer and first to bid. The bidding goes as shown with South becoming the declarer in a 4 spades contract, he being the first to bid spades. East-West become the defenders and West becomes the opening leader, North becomes the dummy and spades the trump suit.

Ten tricks are required by North–South, six tricks plus the 4-level bid.

Mechanical dealing
Mostly, bridge is a social game played in clubs. A number of tables play the same set of hands, which allows for the scoring of individual pairs to be ranked. The deal is done by a computerised method. A pseudo-random algorithm sets the hands (the sets of cards held by each player). The computer is linked to a mechanical device which deals the cards and delivers them into the hands. These are put into the holding boards. The boards are then put on the tables.

Related pages
 American Contract Bridge League
 Netherlands Bridge League

Sources
Daniels, David 1980. The Golden Age of Contract Bridge. New York: Stein and Day. ISBN 978-0812825763. Includes all stages from the history of whist to contract bridge, up to about 1950.
The ACBL Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (various eds) has a section on matchpoint tactics by Marshall Miles.

References

Contract bridge
Card games

Contract bridge


The Art Academy of Cincinnati is a private college of art and design in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded as the McMicken School of Design in 1869, and was a department of the University of Cincinnati, and later in 1887, became the Art Academy of Cincinnati, the museum school of the Cincinnati Art Museum. The college is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design.

In 1998, the Art Academy of Cincinnati legally separated from the museum and became an independent college of art and design. Degrees granted are the Associate of Science in Graphic Design; the Bachelor of Fine Arts in Creative Writing, Design, Illustration, Painting and Drawing, Photography, Print Media, and Sculpture; and the Master of Arts in Art Education, which is taught during summer semesters.

The Art Academy moved into its current facility at 1212 Jackson St. in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood in the fall of 2005. This move has been pivotal in the Over-the-Rhine revitalization and renovation as an arts district. The new facility provides 24-hour access for students with around the clock security. Students are guaranteed studio spaces in Junior and Senior years. The 12th and Jackson St. building also has an open air atrium, connecting two formerly separate buildings, enlarged classroom spaces, computer labs, a student commons area, lecture hall, and Learning Services Center. In 2008, the Art Academy facility received Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) Green Building certification by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC).

AAC housing is encouraged for out-of-town Art Academy freshmen at the Academy Housing Facility at the nearby corner of 13th and Jackson streets. 33 loft style apartments renovated in collaboration with Urban Sites came online in 2020. The suites for 110 students are available each with fully equipped kitchens and with communal laundry facilities. Resident Advisors are also available and live on the premises.

Notable alumni and faculty
 Wilbur G. Adam (1898–1973) divided his career between Cincinnati and Chicago and is best known as a portrait painter and for his landscapes of western United States.
 Josef Albers (1888-1976) was a German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of modern art education programs of the twentieth century. He taught at the Art Academy of Cincinnati in 1949
 Paul Chidlaw (1900–1989), a modern American painter and long-time instructor at the Academy. Chidlaw Gallery is named after him.
 Petah Coyne, a sculptor and installation artist
 Jenny Eakin Delony, (aka: Jenny Delony, Jenny Meyrowitz, Jenny Eakin Delony Rice) (1866–1949), an American painter and educator who specialized in portraiture, miniatures, landscape, wildlife, still life, and genre
 Frank Duveneck (1848–1919), a portrait painter who taught at the Art Academy during the 1890s and later became its chairman. He notably fought with the Cincinnati Art Museum administration for students' right to study directly from the live nude model.
 Frances Farrand Dodge (1878 - 1969), a U.S. artist and teacher, appreciated by critics for her command of all media, including oil, pencil, etching, watercolors
 James Flora (1914–1998) idiosyncratic album cover illustrator for RCA Victor and Columbia Records during the 1940s and 1950s, commercial illustrator, fine artist, and author and illustrator of seventeen popular children's books
 Tim Folzenlogen,  contemporary realist painter based in New York City
 Daniel Garber (1880–1958), an American landscape painter and member of the art colony in New Hope, Pennsylvania
 Marie Bruner Haines (1885–1979), painter and illustrator
 Charley Harper (1922–2007) was a Cincinnati-based American Modernist artist, best known for his highly stylized wildlife prints, posters and book illustrations
 Eli Harvey (1860-1957) American sculptor, painter, and animalier
 Maud Hunt Squire (1873 – 1954) American painter and printmaker
 Edna Boies Hopkins (1872-1937) American artist of woodblock prints
 J. Augustus Knapp, esoteric illustrator of The Secret Teachings of All Ages
 Louise Lawson (1860s–1899), American sculptor
 Noel Martin, graphic designer who revolutionized type and publication standards for American museums, and later a professor at the Art Academy of Cincinnati and the University of Cincinnati
 Lewis Henry Meakin (1850-1917)
 Lê Hiền Minh (born 1979), installation artist
 Myra Musselmann-Carr (b. 1880), a sculptor who exhibited at the Armory Show in 1913
 Frank Harmon Myers (1899–1956), an American painter whose work includes seascapes
 Thomas Satterwhite Noble (1835-1907), a painter and teacher
 Elizabeth Nourse (1859-1938), realist and genre painter later based in Paris best known for her depictions of peasant women
 Roy Cleveland Nuse (1885-1975), a Pennsylvania impressionist artist and teacher at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
 Anna Oliver (1840–1892), American preacher (attended)
 Ruthe Katherine Pearlman (1913-2007), a Cincinnati-based artist and educator who worked with Art Beyond Boundaries from its inception in 2005, Pearlman gallery is named after her
 Louis Rebisso (1837–1899), sculptor and teacher whose students at the academy included William Jacob Baer, Solon Borglum, Janet Scudder, Mary Chase Perry, Louise Lawson, and Eli Harvey
 John Ruthven (1927-2020), artist specialized in wildlife paintings
 Paul Sawyier (1865–1917), a Kentucky artist and an American impressionist
 Joseph Henry Sharp, (1873-1892), one of six founding members of the Taos Society of Artists
 Mary Given Sheerer (1865-1954), ceramicist and instructor affiliated with Newcomb Pottery
 Harry Shokler (1896-1978), a 20th-century artist known for his oil paintings and screen prints
 Julian Stanczak, an abstract painter and founder of the Op Art movement
 Tony Tasset (1960-), American multimedia artist
 Edward Charles Volkert (1871–1935), a Cincinnati-based post-impressionist painter of oil and watercolor cattle paintings from the Old Lyme Art Colony.
 John Ellsworth Weis (1892-1962), faculty member
 Tom Wesselmann (February 23, 1931 – December 17, 2004), pop artist of The Great American Nude series of paintings
 Donovan Zimmerman, former student and co-founder of Paperhand Puppet Intervention

Galleries
The college features three public galleries that offer changing art exhibitions, the Pearlman Gallery, the Chidlaw Gallery and the McClure Gallery. Exhibitions include emerging and professional artists, students, faculty and alumni artists.

References

External links

Art Academy of Cincinnati • circa 1912

Art schools in Ohio
Arts in Cincinnati
Universities and colleges in Cincinnati
Universities and colleges established in 1869
Educational institutions established in 1887
Art museums and galleries in Ohio
Greater Cincinnati Consortium of Colleges and Universities
University of Cincinnati
1869 establishments in Ohio
1887 establishments in Ohio
Over-the-Rhine
Private universities and colleges in Ohio

Art Academy of Cincinnati


Thomas Lindsay Galloway MA, FRSE. FGS, AMInst, MInstME (1854 – 22 September 1921) was the youngest son of William Galloway (1799–1854) shawl manufacturer and coal master of Paisley, Scotland and Margaret Lindsay (1818–1902). He was a civil and mining engineer and coal master of Argyll Colliery, Campbeltown, Kintyre, and like his brothers, Sir William Galloway and Robert Lindsay Galloway, he was also the author of several papers, lectures, designs and books.

Life

Thomas was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire. He was educated at Glasgow University where he studied under Lord Kelvin and was selected by him to travel to the sea off of Brazil to carry out the 'piano wire method' of deep sea soundings. The measuring equipment used by him is kept in the 'Kelvin Room' of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

On his return from Brazil he concentrated on his studies of mining becoming a Mining Manager of East Scotland on 10 July 1876, a member of the North of England Institute of Mining Engineers 2 Sept 1876, aged 31, at the Argyll Colliery, Campbeltown, Kintyre.

He was also elected a Fellow of the Kintyre Archaeological Society in 1876, an interest he later shared with his wife, and a founder member and elected Vice Chairman at the inaugural meeting of the Kintyre Scientific Association on 24 October 1890.

While in Kintyre he became deeply involved, being the chief engineer for the Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway which served his Argyll Colliery.

He died 22 September 1921 at Kilchrist, Campbeltown, Kintyre. His obituary was placed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, The Geological Society of 1922

Literary Career and Inventions

In 1878 T. Lindsay Galloway wrote 'On the Present Condition of Mining in Some of the Principal Coal Producing Districts of the Continent'

The same year he presented a paper, together with C.Z. Bunning, entitled 'A Description of an Instrument for Levelling Underground' to the North of England Institute of Mining & Mechanical Engineers (NEIMME).

His mining surveys of 1881 are kept by the NEIMME

In 1902 he read a paper entitled 'The Campbeltown Colliery and Light Railway' to the Glasgow Association of Students of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and his notes are referred to by the 'Transactions of the Institute of Mining Engineers' Vol. 45

In 1903 he read before the Glasgow University Engineering Society papers describing various methods of supplying power to mines, and indicating why different methods have found suitable spheres of application. Then in 1905 he instructed the Institute of Mining Engineers that he had recently had erected an electric plant at Campbeltown colliery.

His Papers on 'Experiments with two electrically driven pumps' were discussed by the Institute of Mining Engineers, Kilmarnock 8 August 1908

In 1918 T. Lindsay Galloway read a paper to the Institute of Mining Engineers entitled 'A method of determining the magnetic meridian as a basis for mining surveys'. He had also invented a portable mining magnetometer, to assist in surveys. This is again described in Vol. 23 of 'The Mining Magazine' of 1920, the 'Engineering and Mining Journal' Vol. 106 of 1918, and 'Nature' Vol. 101 1918

In a paper of 1919 he drew attention to the advantage of using a theodolite and this was repeated in 'Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers' Vol. 60 of 1920

He wrote several papers which were referred to in 'The Mining Engineer' Vols. 60-61 of 1921

Family

Thomas Lindsay Galloway married Margaret Maria Christina MacNab, daughter of Duncan MacNab and Margaret McCullock of Kintyre, and widow of Cyril Leslie Johnson, in Paddington, London 1902. She had a son by her previous marriage.

Bibliography

 Galloway T. Lindsay. 'The Campbeltown Colliery and Light Railway' Aird & Coghill, Glasgow. 1902

Honours
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellow of the Geological Society 1876

References

External links

1854 births
1921 deaths
British mining engineers

T. Lindsay Galloway


Star Ruler is a space 4X / RTS hybrid developed and published by American company Blind Mind Studios.

 was first announced on July 5, 2009 in the Irrlicht Community Forums, the game engine on which  was based.  It was released on August 21, 2010.  The game was launched in retail outlets in the EU on August 16, 2011 via Iceberg Interactive and was planned to launch Mid-October in the US via Interactive Gaming Software (IGS).  However this deal fell through and  never launched in retail outlets in the United States.

Gameplay

 features a 1 to 10,000+ star system count galaxy of configurable shape.  The size of the in-game universe is only limited by the processing power of the user's computer. Generated systems may have orbiting planets, moons, asteroids, comets, or aggressive, capturable, NPC assets.
Gameplay occurs in a single space in real-time with the rate of time determined by the player.  also features Newtonian mechanics in its ship movement.

Key differences from other games of the genre are: Detailed unit creation, behavior, and automation customization, physically modeled star systems and orbiting bodies, and a lack of traditional maintenance and unit count cap game mechanics.

Ship building

One of 's most impressive components is the ship construction. Each ship is built around a hull type. Different hulls will fulfil different purposes. For example, a Heavy hull is more resilient, but offers less space for components. A station hull is very resilient, and offers the most component space, but cannot mount engines. Each component can be scaled, and its effects scaled with it. For example, a 2.0 railgun will do half as much damage as a 4.0 railgun, which is the largest size, but will also consume half the power. Things like a bridge, life support, crew quarters, and power generators are necessary for most ships. The most unusual feature of 's ship building system is the ability to scale ships. It is possible to build everything from a near microscopic scout ship to colossal dreadnoughts that are larger than a star.

Sequel
A sequel Star Ruler 2 was announced on August 1, 2013 with a prospective launch date of late 2014.

References

External links

2010 video games
4X video games
Blind Mind Studios games
Creative Commons-licensed video games
Iceberg Interactive games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Real-time strategy video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games using procedural generation
Video games with Steam Workshop support
Windows games
Windows-only games

Star Ruler


The Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra (HSO) is an American orchestra based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, US.

The Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra can be traced back to the early 1930s during the throes of the Great Depression. The orchestra gave its first concert at William Penn High School in Harrisburg on March 19, 1931. The conductor on that occasion was Maestro George King Raudenbush, who was to become the orchestra's first music director. By the end of 1931 the orchestra had moved its concerts to the newly opened Forum Auditorium, part of the Capitol Complex, where it still performs to this day. The 1931–32 season included four concerts. The cost of a subscription: $2.00.

The orchestra membership consists of professional players from Central Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, DC, New York, and other regions. Being able to select from such a wide variety of talent pools enables the HSO to perform at a particularly high artistic level. The HSO membership is represented by American Federation of Musicians (AFM) Local 269, and the group is a member of ROPA, the Regional Orchestra Players' Association.

Music directors
1931-1950: George King Raudenbush
1950-1974: Edwin McArthur
1974-1978: David Epstein
1978-1994: Larry Newland
1995-1999: Richard Westerfield
2000–Present: Stuart Malina

Youth Symphony Orchestra
The Harrisburg Youth Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1953 and one of the oldest youth symphonies in the country. The Youth Symphony operates under the umbrella of the Harrisburg Symphony. The current conductor of the Youth Symphony is Gregory Woodbridge.

References
Mission and History of Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra

External links
HSO official site

Organizations based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Culture of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Performing arts in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Musical groups established in 1931
Orchestras based in Pennsylvania

Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra


Andes Yue Yi Fat (, born 6 February 1978) is a radio DJ and TV presenter in Hong Kong, nicknamed 發仔 (pronounced faat jai in Cantonese). He went to Centennial College in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to study architectural drafting and worked as TV host for a Cantonese weekend show on multicultural station CFMT-TV (now OMNI2) in the early 1990s. Yue is currently a radio personality for the Hong Kong radio station CRHK (Commercial Radio Hong Kong). He has been at CRHK since the mid-1990s, and hosts their overnight program Begin With Music from Monday to Friday, but also has his own Sunday morning program on CR1 (881) called Fat's Breakfast (發式早餐). On television, he hosts a music show on TVB's Music Channel, "型人型樂館 (內容簡介)", which is only available on cable channels in Hong Kong.

Interviews
He has interviewed many famous Cantopop and Mandopop singers including Dave Wong, Faye Wong, Leon Lai, Andy Lau, Sandy Lam, Eason Chan, Stephanie Cheng, Joey Yung, the late Leslie Cheung, Leehom Wang, Stephy Tang, Alex Fong, Janice Vidal, S.H.E, Twins, 2R, Vanness Wu and Kangta. His interviews are usually aired during CRHK's Begin With Music late on Monday night or early Tuesday morning.

Begin With Music
Andes has been on the overnight program since December 2005. The program is aired from 2-6am in Hong Kong on CRHK's CR2 (903) and then 3-6am on CR1 (881).
During "Begin With Music", Andes welcomes listeners from Hong Kong and overseas to become a part of his 'family', "Fat's Family" (發仔大家庭).

Other media appearances
Yue sang a duet with Jade Kwan called "一起感動過".

References

External links
Andes Yue's bio  on Commercial Radio Hong Kong website 881903.com
Andes Yue's Instagram
一切從音樂開始/Begin With Music Listeners Blog
一切從音樂開始 Archives on 881903.com   - Subscription needed.

1978 births
Hong Kong radio presenters
Hong Kong television presenters
Canadian radio hosts
Canadian television hosts
Centennial College alumni
Mass media people from Toronto
Living people

Andes Yue


Johann Martin Bernatz (22 March 1802 – 19 December 1878), was a German landscape artist. Born in Speyer and trained in Vienna, Austria, he spent much of his life in Munich. He  accompanied an expedition to Egypt and the Holy Land in 1836, and a British embassy to Ethiopia in 1842; drawings made during both journeys were published as sets of  lithographs.

Life

Bernatz was born at Speyer on 22 March 1802. He began his artistic education, comparatively  late in life, at the Academy at Vienna.

In 1829, he went to Munich, where he was commissioned to make drawings of various ancient buildings for King Ludwig I. In 1836, he joined  Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert's expedition to Egypt, travelling from Istanbul through Asia Minor,  Palestine, and the Sinai peninsula. Forty pictures he made on the journey were published as Bilder aus dem heiligen Lande, nach der Natur gezeichnet ("Pictures from the Holy Land, Drawn from Nature") in 1839. This led to an invitation to accompany Johannes Roth  on an expedition to India. Bernatz made the voyage to Calcutta, but various obstacles prevented the expedition from taking place. In 1842 he visited Africa, the British authorities in India having decided to employ him as an official artist to an embassy, led by Captain William Cornwallis Harris to Sahela Selassie, the king of Shoa.  A set of lithographs of his drawings from this journey were published in London in 1852 as Scenes of Ethiopia. German editions followed.

Bernatz settled as a landscape painter at Munich, where he died on 19 December 1878.

See also
 List of German painters

References

Sources

1802 births
1878 deaths
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni
German engravers
German landscape painters
People from Speyer
19th-century engravers

Johann Martin Bernatz


Digital signage is a type of electronic sign that displays digital images, videos, text, and other content using technologies like LCD, LED, projection, and e-paper. These signs can be found in public places like museums, stadiums, and transportation systems and in retail stores, hotels, and corporate buildings. They are used for things like giving directions, displaying information, advertising, and entertainment. Digital signage is managed from a central location and can display different messages to different audiences.

Digital signage has many uses that can help a business achieve various goals. Some common examples are:
Providing public information like news, weather, traffic, and building maps with important information like fire exits and traveler information.
Sharing internal information like corporate messages related to health and safety or company news.
Displaying product information like pricing, photos, and suggested uses, is especially helpful in food marketing where signs may include nutritional facts or recipes.
Enhancing the customer service experience with interpretive signage in places like museums, galleries, zoos, and parks.
Advertising and promoting products or services related to the sign's location or the screen's audience reach.
Building a brand identity through in-store digital signs.
Influencing customer behavior, such as directing them to different areas or increasing their "dwell time" on the premises.
Influencing product or brand decision-making, such as signage at the point of sale to help shoppers choose between products.
Enhancing the customer experience by reducing perceived wait time or providing demonstrations, like recipe displays in food stores.
Providing navigation assistance through interactive screens, like those found in some tourist attractions.
Allowing employees to make reservations through small, interactive screens on walls or desks that integrate with a room and resource scheduling platform.

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