Level 42 are an English jazz-funk band formed on the Isle of Wight in 1979. They had a number of UK and worldwide hits during the 1980s and 1990s.

Their highest-charting single in the UK was "Lessons in Love", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, and number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, upon its release in 1986. An earlier single, "Something About You", was their most successful chart-wise in the United States, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

After much success as a live and studio band in the 1980s, Level 42's commercial profile diminished during the early 1990s following a series of personnel changes and musical shifts. Disbanding in 1994, the band reformed in 2001.

History

1979–1980: Prehistory and formation
Mark King and the Gould brothers (Phil and Rowland, the latter generally known by his nickname Boon) were all brought up on the Isle of Wight and played together in various bands during their teenage years. Phil Gould went on to study at London's Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he met keyboard player Mike Lindup in a percussion course. Both musicians found that they had the same feelings about musical heroes: Miles Davis, John McLaughlin, Keith Jarrett and Jan Hammer.

By 1979, Phil Gould and Mark King were both based in London and became involved in Robin Scott's pop project M. While working with M, they became acquainted with Afro-French keyboard player Wally Badarou, who played synthesizer on M's US number one single "Pop Muzik". In late 1979, Phil Gould introduced Mark King and Mike Lindup to each other, and all of them began playing together in loose rehearsal sessions, developing their own jazz-funk fusion style. The developing band's original guitarist was Dominic Miller (later to find fame playing with Sting), but he was replaced by Boon Gould on the latter's return from working in the United States.

Initially, instrumental roles were flexible, with Boon Gould also playing bass guitar and saxophone and Lindup doubling on keyboards and drums. Mark King was primarily a drummer (although he also played guitar) but had recently sold his drum kit to pay for transport back to the UK after an ill-fated European venture. With Phil Gould and Boon Gould established (respectively) as the most accomplished drummer and guitarist in the quartet, King opted to learn bass guitar instead. At the time, King was working in a London music store. A notably flexible musician and quick learner, he had observed visiting American funk players demonstrating the thumb-slap bass guitar technique and developed his own take on the style in a matter of weeks.

The developing band (at this point, entirely an instrumental act) took the name Level 42 and settled on a working line-up of King (bass guitar, percussion), Lindup (keyboards, percussion), Boon Gould (guitar, saxophone) and Phil Gould (drums). The name of the band is a reference to the novel The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, in which "42" is the answer to "the ultimate question of life, the universe, and everything." Having maintained their links with Wally Badarou, Phil Gould and Mark King invited him to work with Level 42. Although he never formally joined the band, Badarou would become a fifth member in all but name: co-writing songs, playing keyboards and synthesizers in the studio and co-producing the records.

1980–1983: Early albums (Level 42, The Early Tapes, The Pursuit of Accidents)
After they were seen jamming together, Level 42 were invited to sign to Elite Records (a small independent label) in 1980. They were also encouraged to branch out into vocal music. Having considered recruiting a singer, the band eventually settled on giving King and Lindup the vocal role. The two men developed a complementary style, with Lindup's falsetto frequently used for harmonies and choruses while King's deep tenor led the verses (although Lindup would also sing entire songs on his own). Lyrics were generally written by the Gould brothers while King, Badarou and Lindup concentrated on Level 42's music.

The Elite Records single "Love Meeting Love" brought the band to the attention of Polydor Records, with whom they signed their second recording contract. In 1981, they released their first Polydor single, "Love Games", which became a Top 40 hit. They then cut their critically acclaimed self-titled debut album, which was an immediate success throughout Europe.

The band quickly established themselves as concert favourites on the budding British and European jazz-funk scene, taking advantage of the musical expertise and performance skills of all four members. Polydor capitalised on the band's success by releasing a second album, The Early Tapes later in the same year. This was a compilation of material from the Elite Records period (and is also known by an alternate name, Strategy).

In 1982, Level 42 released their third album The Pursuit of Accidents. This was a further development of the Level 42 formula, maintaining their instrumental jazz-funk skills and styling but also experimenting further with pop songs. Both of the singles from the album — "Weave Your Spell" and "The Chinese Way" — charted. The latter, in particular, rose high in the charts and gained the band a much wider audience than before.

1983–1985: Moving towards pop (Standing in the Light and True Colours)

A fourth album, Standing in the Light, was released in 1983. Produced by Larry Dunn and Verdine White (of Earth, Wind & Fire), this album began a new era for the band, being less experimental and less jazzy than previous releases. It provided them with their first UK Top Ten hit, "The Sun Goes Down (Living It Up)". Notably, the album featured no instrumental tracks, with the band now focusing heavily on songs. (The band would not release another instrumental on an album until 1988's Staring at the Sun).

The 1984 album True Colours continued the band's development away from primarily jazz-funk based music, switching between funk, power pop, mid-tempo rock and moody ballads. It yielded the singles "The Chant Has Begun" and "Hot Water". The latter was a Top 20 hit in Britain and a Top 5 hit in the Netherlands where the band became popular (the song also reached No. 7 in Belgium). During the same year, Mark King released his first solo album Influences on which he played the majority of the instruments (with a guest appearance by Aswad's Drummie Zeb, and with Lindup guesting on additional keyboards).

Level 42 became known for their power as a live band (as showcased on the 1985 double live album A Physical Presence). For live gigs the band added saxophonist Krys Mach, who toured with the group from 1984 to 1988 and contributed to some album recordings.

1985–1987: Worldwide fame (World Machine and Running in the Family) and split of original line-up

By this time, the band were well established in their mainstream pop/rock sound, as evidenced on their next studio album, World Machine, released later in 1985. King's dextrous bass playing and Lindup and Badarou's chugging keyboards acted as templates for pop songs such as "Something About You" and "Leaving Me Now", which were both UK Top 20 hits (Top 40 hits in the Netherlands).

Significantly, "Something About You" was also their first (and only) US Top 10 the following year; also reaching the Top 5 in Canada and the Top 20 in Italy and New Zealand. "Leaving Me Now" was the second hit from this album, peaking at No. 15 in the United Kingdom but proving less successful in Europe. Elements of Level 42's roots could still be found in the funky "Coup d'État" and "Dream Crazy" on the UK version of the album, as well as a long instrumental track named "Hell," which was also recorded during the World Machine sessions (This last track did not see the light of day until the early 2000s as an MP3 download on the original Napster).

World Machine gained positive reviews from critics, with AllMusic journalist William Cooper, in a retrospective review, describing it as "one of the finest pop albums of the mid-'80s." During the recording of the album, the first major tensions between Phil Gould and Mark King began to surface over musical direction, production and their personal relationship. This clashing led to Gould leaving the band for a week. Allan Holdsworth's drummer Gary Husband was lined up as a potential replacement, but Gould and King's dispute was subsequently patched up and the group went on to enjoy their most successful year to date.

Released in early 1986 (and initially recorded to keep up the band's European chart momentum while the band was busy touring the United States), "Lessons in Love" was an international hit and became Level 42's biggest selling single. It gave the band their first number one in Denmark, Germany, Switzerland and South Africa, increasing the band's popularity considerably. It also placed at No. 2 in Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden, No. 3 in the UK and in Ireland, No. 4 in Austria, No. 10 in Norway, No. 12 in the US in 1987, No. 18 in New Zealand and No. 22 in France).

"Lessons in Love" became the lead single on 1987's Running in the Family album, recorded to capitalise on the impact. With the band now at the peak of their success, the album added further gloss to Level 42's polished pop sound (despite adding to Phil Gould's disquiet). Further singles from the album continued and built on the band's existing profile: "To Be With You Again" (No. 6 in the Netherlands and in Ireland), the ballad "It's Over" (No. 3 in Ireland and No. 7 in the Netherlands) and Running In The Familys title track (No. 1 in Denmark, No. 3 in the Netherlands, No. 4 in Ireland, No. 5 in Switzerland, No. 7 in Norway and No. 9 in New Zealand). The album itself was a major international success, reaching the Top 10 in numerous countries.

By now a leading British pop band, Level 42 played at the Prince's Trust concert in June 1987, with Eric Clapton standing in on lead guitar for a performance of "Running in the Family". King and Lindup also performed with artists including Ben E. King on "Stand By Me" and George Harrison and Ringo Starr on "While My Guitar Gently Weeps".

Despite the success, Level 42 were on the brink of splitting up. Although Phil Gould was the most visibly dissatisfied member, it was Boon Gould who was the first to leave, departing in late 1987, following a support slot on a Madonna tour. The quietest member of the band, Boon surprised both King and Lindup with his sudden departure. However, he had been suffering from nervous exhaustion and also wanted to leave the lifestyle of a constantly touring musician in order to settle down and spend more time with his wife and children. Boon's relationship with the band remained amicable and, although he would not return to Level 42 as a performing or recording member, he continued to write lyrics for the band following his departure. He was temporarily replaced by Paul Gendler (an experienced session player who had previously been the guitarist for Modern Romance) for a six-week headlining tour and for further support slots with Tina Turner.

In December 1987, midway through the tour, Phil Gould left Level 42 permanently. Like his brother, he was suffering from exhaustion, but his relationship with King had broken down once again and they now found it difficult to work together. Phil was also reportedly dissatisfied with the band's direction in terms of their newer "pop" sound, and King and Lindup failed to convince him to stay. To complete the tour dates, the band hired Prefab Sprout drummer Neil Conti to fill in.

1988–1989: The second line-up (Staring at the Sun)

Following the tour, Level 42 recruited Gary Husband as the band's new full-time drummer. He in turn recommended Steve Topping as a replacement guitarist. However, Topping and King's personalities clashed and Topping eventually left the band in early 1988 after initial writing and rehearsing sessions in Dublin. Most of the next Level 42 album, Staring at the Sun, was recorded without a permanent guitarist. Rhythm guitar on the studio recordings was handled either by the band's old friend Dominic Miller or by an uncredited Mark King. In April 1988, towards the end of the sessions, the band recruited lead guitarist Alan Murphy (a session guitarist who had worked extensively with Kate Bush and had also been a member of Go West).

Staring at the Sun was released in 1988, reaching number 2 in the UK and the top ten in several European charts. It included the hit-single "Heaven in My Hands" (number 12 in the UK and also top twenty in the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland). Boon Gould had co-written many of the tracks with King, Lindup and Badarou, while Gary Husband was credited with his first co-write with King on "Tracie" (a tribute to King's childhood sweetheart). To promote the album, Level 42 embarked on a four-month European tour, culminating in six sell-out nights at Wembley Arena. These latter dates were recorded for what would become the band's second live album, Live At Wembley (eventually released in 1996).

Although the band seemed to have maintained their momentum and recovered well from the split of the original lineup, they were about to be hit by a serious tragedy. Unknown to the rest of Level 42, guitarist Alan Murphy was suffering from AIDS, something which he himself may have been aware of before joining the band. At the time, his previous band Go West had been stalled by internal disagreements, and one of Murphy's reasons for joining Level 42 was to ensure that he spent his last days playing the music that he loved. During 1989, Murphy contracted pneumonia: weakened by his existing condition, his decline was rapid and he died on 19 October 1989.

Devastated, Level 42 took a year off to regroup and rethink. To cover the gap and to fulfil the band's contract with Polydor Records, Level Best (a greatest hits compilation) was released at the end of 1989; also marking a decade since the band's beginnings. During the break, Mike Lindup also recorded and released his debut solo album, Changes (featuring Dominic Miller, Pino Palladino on bass and Manu Katché on drums).

1990–1992: Third and fourth lineups – Guaranteed album, Allan Holdsworth and Jakko Jakszyk

The band signed a new contract with RCA Records in 1990, for whom they produced their next album, Guaranteed. Although most of the rhythm guitar work was once again handled by Dominic Miller, Gary Husband asked Allan Holdsworth to provide some guitar work (notably on "A Kinder Eye"). As well as drumming, Husband also played keyboards and increased his songwriting role, co-writing many tracks with King, Lindup and Badarou. The album features the only track entirely written by Husband – "If You Were Mine" – which also featured on the "Guaranteed" single release. Mark King also collaborated with lyricists Drew Barfield and George Green to expand the songwriting. Guaranteed was well received by American music critics. However, the album did not get good reviews in the UK (despite reaching No. 3 in the UK charts while the title track reached No. 17 in the singles charts) and was ultimately less commercially successful than previous efforts.

In December 1990, Level 42 returned to play a record run of concerts at Hammersmith Odeon, London, in part fulfilling booking obligations preceding the band's recent hiatus. The concerts featured Allan Holdsworth (whom Husband had asked to play as a favour while the band searched for a permanent guitarist) plus four additional players: Lyndon Connah (ex-64 Spoons) on additional keyboards and percussion and sharing backing vocals with Annie McCaig, plus the horn section from the Guaranteed album (John Thirkell and Gary Barnacle).

After the recording of Guaranteed and a week-long promotional tour, Level 42 were in need of a permanent guitarist. Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on Guaranteed, Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era ("At This Great Distance" and "As Years Go By"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to "record company politics").

Following the end of promotion for Guaranteed, the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line-up began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs ("Fire" and "Free Your Soul") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased.

1993–1994: Fifth and sixth lineups (including brief return of Phil Gould), Forever Now and disbandment

In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's Forever Now album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as "Danny Bloom").

Although Forever Now was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived. When Level 42 began to promote the new album (with Jakszyk returning to the live band for concerts and TV appearances), Gould played only one promotional gig and did not go on the road for the Forever Now tour. He was replaced as live drummer by Jakszyk's friend and frequent collaborator Gavin Harrison (who later played drums for both Porcupine Tree and King Crimson as well as remaining an esteemed studio player).

It was announced halfway through the Forever Now tour, on the day of the Manchester Apollo gig, that the band would be disbanding permanently following their concert commitments. Level 42 played their last gig at the Albert Hall in London on 14 October 1994. According to Jakszyk, the band recorded tapes for a live album during the final 1994 shows at the Albert Hall and the Brighton Dome which "sounded fantastic", but the album was never released.

1996–2000: Mark King's solo years

In 1996, Mark King signed to Virgin Records and released a solo single "Bitter Moon" (with Lyndon Connah playing keyboards). This was followed up by his second solo album, One Man, featuring lyrics by Boon Gould. The album was not commercially successful.

King later toured as a solo act, playing both his own new compositions and some Level 42 songs. In 1999, he played some shows at The Jazz Café in London under the name of "The Mark King Group" with a band including Husband, Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Jakszyk left the band after the Jazz Café shows, to be replaced on guitar by Nathan King (Mark King's younger brother). King continued to tour with this band, now renamed "Grupo Mark King", over the next couple of years, augmenting the line-up with saxophone player Sean Freeman.

In August 1999, three-quarters of the original Level 42 line-up reunited for a private show. Phil Gould invited some musician friends to play at a party, including his brother Boon and Mike Lindup. In 2001, Mark King, Mike Lindup and Phil Gould played together at Lindup's wedding for the first time in ten years.

2001–2005: Return of Level 42 (seventh lineup)

Although Mark King released two solo albums, his previous band's music proved to be persistently popular and he found that he was playing more and more old Level 42 tracks at live shows.

In late 2001, King came to a business agreement with Mike Lindup and bought the rights to the name Level 42. Although Lindup agreed to play on future albums, he did not want to tour. King announced the return of Level 42 with a new line-up which also happened to be the musicians from his current live band: himself, Husband, Connah, Freeman and Nathan King. On 12 July 2002, the first official Level 42 concert for six years was played at The Circus Tavern in Purfleet, Essex. While not recording any new material, for the next few years the band settled into a regular pattern of touring and playing old hits.

On 13 February 2005 there was a brief one-night reunion with Mike Lindup (who joined the band onstage for a date at The Forum in London) and over the course of the year there was a burst of reissue activity. Two Rockpalast shows from 1983 and 1984 were released on DVD, followed by two CD releases: The River Sessions (a live show from 1983 recorded in Scotland) and a new compilation called The Ultimate Collection II. The latter included a new song called "Genius Of Love", which was a Level 42 tribute/collaboration by the Italian-American dance producer Hardage, featuring Mark King on vocals and incorporating a sample of the Level 42 track "I Want Eyes".

2006–2012: Retroglide and further tours and lineup changes

In February 2006, after twelve years without releasing a new studio album, Level 42 announced the release of Retroglide. While billed as a band album, it was chiefly recorded and produced by King at his home studio, with Gary Husband, Lyndon Connah, Sean Freeman and Nathan King all contributing.

Retroglide also featured input from two previous Level 42 members. Erstwhile guitarist Boon Gould provided the album's lyrics (as well as contributing a guitar solo on "Ship") and the band was effectively expanded to a six-piece via extensive guest performances by Mike Lindup, who added prominent keyboard parts and vocals to many tracks. Although Phil Gould was uncredited on the album, the track "Ship" is the first song since 1986 worked on by all four original members, as Phil originally arranged the track with his brother Boon. However, Retroglide was also the first Level 42 album not to feature any contributions from Wally Badarou.

In May 2006, Level 42 announced that Mike Lindup would return full-time to replace Lyndon Connah on keyboards.

Retroglide was promoted via a supporting tour throughout the UK, Netherlands, Germany and several other European countries during October 2006. On 26 August 2007, Level 42 played an outdoor gig at the Arundel Festival in West Sussex: the band's only UK show of the year. In 2008, Level 42 played a twenty-date UK tour.

In 2010, Husband stepped down as Level 42's drummer for the second time, due to prior commitments with John McLaughlin. He was replaced by Pete Ray Biggin.

In 2012, Level 42 toured the UK and mainland Europe, in celebration of the 25th anniversary since the release of Running In The Family, by playing the whole album, with a whole array of other hits. Also included in the shows was an acoustic set, with Mike Lindup playing the accordion. In October 2012, on Mark King's birthday during a gig in Bristol, Boon Gould joined the band on stage.

2013–present: "Sirens" EP series and re-engagement with contemporary dance pop
On 20 and 21 September 2013, Level 42 (joined by an expanded brass section), performed three new songs at London's Indigo O2 Arena – "Where's Yo' Head At", "Too Much Time", and "Sirens". All of these appeared on the band's first new release for seven years, the six-song studio EP "Sirens" (released on 31 October 2013, and the first output from the band's new self-owned label Level 42 Records). Mixed by the American DJ John Morales, the EP also contained "Mind On You", "My Independence Day" and "Build Myself a Rocket" (with King's daughter Marlee providing the backing vocals on the last of these tracks). Musically, it built on the production approach of Retroglide while allying the band with contemporary developments in R&B and dance electronica.

On 3 December 2013, the band announced 'The Sirens Tour' – a 30 date tour, starting in October 2014 and taking in the UK, Netherlands, Germany and Italy. In the summer of 2014, the band performed at a number of festivals across Europe including headline performances at Let's Rock Bristol and Rochester Castle. They also played at Rewind festivals. At a performance in Bournemouth, ex-drummer Gary Husband returned due to Pete Ray Biggin being unavailable.

In 2015, the band appeared at a number of UK and European festivals headlining at 'Let's Rock The Moor' and 'Carfest' concerts. They also played two nights at the Indigo2 in London where the band once again featured a larger brass section consisting of Dan Carpenter (trumpet) and Nicol Thomson (trombone) as well as regular saxophonist Sean Freeman.

In 2016, Level 42 performed at a number of festivals across the UK and Europe as well as in Curaçao, Chile and Argentina before embarking on a UK, Netherlands and Scandinavian tour in order to promote the "Sirens II" EP.

On 1 May 2019, it was announced that Boon Gould had been found dead at his home in Dorset. He was 64.

On 4 July 2019, Level 42 made a rare North American incursion, being the band to perform the first concert to launch the week long Festival d'été de Québec (Quebec City Summer Festival).

Awards and Nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
! scope="row"|Brit Awards
| 1988
| Themselves
| British Group
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|Silver Clef Awards
| 2023
| Mark King
| Icon Award
|
|

Members

Current members
Mark King – bass guitar, vocals, percussion
Mike Lindup – keyboards, synthesisers, piano, vocals
Nathan King – guitar, backing vocals
Sean "Skip" Freeman – saxophone, backing vocals
Pete Ray Biggin – drums, percussion
Dan Carpenter – trumpet, backing vocals, percussion
Nichol Thomson – trombone, backing vocals, percussion

Discography

Studio albums

 Level 42 (1981)
 Strategy / The Early Tapes (1982)
 The Pursuit of Accidents (1982)
 Standing in the Light (1983)
 True Colours (1984)
 World Machine (1985)
 Running in the Family (1987)
 Staring at the Sun (1988)
 Guaranteed (1991)
 Forever Now (1994)
 Retroglide (2006)

References

External links
  – official site

 Level 42 at MySpace
 Running In The Family – 25th Anniversary Edition

Dance-rock musical groups
English funk musical groups
English new wave musical groups
English synth-pop groups
Musical groups from the Isle of Wight
Jazz-funk musicians
British synth-pop new wave groups
Musical groups established in 1980
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups reestablished in 2001
English musical quartets
Sophisti-pop musical groups
British post-disco music groups

Level 42


Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet, PC (NI) (3 January 1877 – 18 February 1951) was Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and brother of Prime Minister J. M. Andrews and Thomas Andrews, builder of the Titanic.

Early life
Andrews was born in Comber, County Down, the third son of Thomas Andrews, flax spinner, of Ardara, Comber, and his wife, Eliza, daughter of James Alexander Pirrie and Eliza Swan and sister of William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie. He was a great-grandson of the United Irishman leader William Drennan. He was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, and then at Stephen's Green School, Dublin. At Trinity College Dublin, he had a distinguished career: he became a senior exhibitioner (1897) and a prizeman in civil and international law (1898), and graduated in 1899 with honours in ethics and logic. He was also a gold medallist and auditor of the College Historical Society. A sports fan Andrews had passions for shooting, golf, cricket and sailing (mainly on Strangford Lough).

In 1922 Andrews married Jane Lawson Ormrod (d. 1964), daughter of Joseph Ormrod, of Bolton, and widow of Captain Cyril Gerald Haselden RE. From her first marriage, Jane had three children, Alexander Gerrard Haselden, Mick Haselden and Joyce Haselden.

Career
Although he came from a family of industrialists, Andrews chose to read law (his uncle, William Drennan Andrews, had been a barrister and Judge of the High Court of Justice in Ireland). In 1900 he was called to the Bar of Ireland following graduation from the King's Inns.

He built up a lucrative practice and soon established himself as an advocate; his uncle William the judge did everything he could to further his career. In 1918 Andrews took silk, becoming a King's Counsel (KC); in 1920 he was elected a bencher of King's Inns; and in 1921 he was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal in the new Supreme Court of Northern Ireland, established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The barrister and memoirist Maurice Healy, who admired both James and his uncle William, thought that on balance James was the better judge, as he did not have his uncle's fondness for handing down prison sentences of exceptional severity.

In 1924, he became a member of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland and, in 1926, a bencher at the Inn of Court of Northern Ireland. He sat on the senate of the Queen's University of Belfast and on many of its committees from 1924 and he was a pro-chancellor from 1929.

In 1937 he succeeded Sir William Moore, 1st Baronet as Lord Chief Justice, an office which he held until his death. In 1938 an honorary LLD from his old university and, on 6 July 1942, he was created a baronet of Comber in the County of Down.

He died in Comber in 1951, his estate valued at £40,142 1s. 3d. in England; Northern Irish probate sealed in England, 30 June 1951. The baronetcy died with him.

The School of Law at Queen's University of Belfast named its building on University Square Sir James Andrews House in his honour.

References

1877 births
1951 deaths
Auditors of the College Historical Society
Members of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Irish barristers
People educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution
People associated with Queen's University Belfast
People from Comber
Ulster Scots people
Lord chief justices of Northern Ireland
Lords Justice of Appeal of Northern Ireland
Alumni of King's Inns
Lawyers from County Down
20th-century Irish lawyers

Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet


Clarence "Skip" Ellis (May 11, 1943 – May 17, 2014) was an American computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado at Boulder. While at the CU-Boulder, he was the director of the Collaboration Technology Research Group and a member of the Institute of Cognitive Science. Ellis was the first Black Person to earn a Ph.D. in Computer Science (1969), and the first Black Person to be elected a Fellow of the ACM (1997). Ellis was a pioneer in Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Groupware. He and his team at Xerox PARC created OfficeTalk, one of the first groupware systems. Ellis also pioneered operational transformation, which is a set of techniques that enables real-time collaborative editing of documents.

Childhood
In 1958, at age 15, Ellis applied for a job as a graveyard shift computer operator at the manufacturing firm Dover to earn money to help his family. He was offered the job because he was the only applicant. Although his job title was computer operator, his main duties were to walk around all night and be visible to prevent break-ins, and to watch over, but not touch, the company's new computer. At the time, Dover's computer was based on vacuum tube technology (2,400 vacuum tubes), used punch cards as input and output, and filled an extremely large room.
In Ellis' free time on the job, he read and re-read the dozens of computer manuals that came with the machine. He taught himself as much as possible about the machine without touching it. Two months after he started the job, Ellis helped the company through an emergency. They had run out of unused punch cards, and needed to use the computer to process payroll by morning. During the emergency, Ellis was the only one who knew how to recycle the used punch cards. He lifted the hood of the computer and disabled the parity check circuitry. The used punch cards were recycled and the company was able to process the payroll. After this experience, the company began to seek him out whenever they had computer problems, and even asked him to operate and program the computer for them. Ellis states that this experience helped ignite his passion for computing.

High school and college

Throughout high school, Ellis' teachers recommended that he attend summer school programs at the local universities in Chicago. This was his first encounter with college-level students and university life. Though poor, Ellis was able to attend Beloit College in the fall of 1960 because the church he and his family attended awarded him a scholarship. In Ellis' junior year, Beloit College received an IBM 1620 as a donation, and he and his chemistry professor were asked to set it up. This was the start of the Beloit College computer lab, of which Ellis was the director. During the early 1960s, Beloit didn't offer a degree in computer science, however, Ellis was able to substitute some of his science laboratory work with computer projects. In 1964, Ellis received a B.S. degree from Beloit double majoring in math and physics.

After graduating from Beloit, Ellis enrolled in MIT for graduate school, but only stayed a short time because of his civil rights activism. He eventually attended graduate school at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he worked on hardware, software, and applications of the ILLIAC IV supercomputer. In 1969, Clarence Ellis earned a Ph.D. in computer science from UIUC, becoming the first African-American to do so. His Ph.D. advisor was David E. Muller.

Career
Ellis worked at Bell Labs from 1969 to 1972 on probability theory applied to the theory of computing. In 1972 he became an assistant professor and a founding member of the computer science department at the University of Colorado Boulder to work on operating systems research.

Ellis accepted a position three years later as an assistant professor in EECS at MIT to work on research related to ARPANET. He left MIT after one year to start work at Xerox PARC and Stanford University. Ellis remained at Xerox PARC and Stanford University for nearly a decade. During his time there, he worked on the icon-based GUI, object-oriented programming languages, and groupware systems. "He was part of the team of sociologists, psychologists and computer scientists who worked on Alto, the world's first personal computer (PC) and its related interfaces and software. Many of these innovations from the 1970s that Ellis was part of were later widely commercialized, for example in Apple's Lisa computer and Microsoft's MS-DOS software. At PARC, Ellis headed the Office Research Group, which developed the first office system to use icons and Ethernet for collaborating at a distance."

In the mid-1980s, Ellis led the Groupware Research Group at the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC). While at MCC, he led efforts in Real-time Collaborative Editing, and pioneered the field of Operational transformation. In the early 1990s, Ellis left MCC to become the Chief Architect of the FlowPath workflow product of Bull S.A. in France.

In 1992, Ellis returned to the University of Colorado Boulder as full professor with tenure in the computer science department. There he continued his work on groupware, in particular next-generation, large-scale Workflow systems, and agent-mediated meeting support systems. In 2009, he became an emeritus professor at the university, where he insisted on periodically teaching an introductory computing course to "encourage students of all ethnicities to expand their horizons." To provide further opportunities for students to pursue science and engineering, Ellis "helped establish the 10-week Summer Multicultural Access to Research Training (SMART) program at the university."

In 2013, Ellis won a Fulbright Scholarship to teach and perform research in the computer science department at Ashesi University. At Ashesi, his research interests were developing computer systems to simulate alternative forms of government for developing countries.

Death
Ellis dedicated much of his work in later years to Ashesi University in Accra, Ghana. He died unexpectedly at the age of 71 of a pulmonary embolism during a flight home from Ghana on May 17, 2014.

Selected publications
Ellis C., Wainer J., Barthelmess P. (2003) Agent-Augmented Meetings. In: Ye Y., Churchill E. (eds) Agent Supported Cooperative Work. Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9200-0_2

Ellis, Clarence A. and Najah Naffah. 2012. Design of Office Information Systems (1st. ed.). Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.

Ellis, Clarence A., Simon J. Gibbs, Gail Rein.  "Groupware: some issues and experiences".  Communications of the ACM. 34 (1) January 1991.

Rein, G.L. and C.A. Ellis.  "rIBIS: a real-time group hypertext system" in Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware.  ed. Saul Greenberg.  January 1991. Pages 223–242.

Simmons, Chris, Charles Ellis, Sajjan Shiva, Dipankar Dasgupta, and Qishi Wu. "AVOIDIT: A cyber attack taxonomy." 9th Annual Symposium on Information Assurance (ASIA'14). 2014. 2–12.

References

1943 births
African-American computer scientists
American computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Beloit College alumni
University of Colorado Boulder faculty
Academic staff of Ashesi University
2014 deaths
Scientists at PARC (company)
Academics from Illinois
20th-century African-American academics
20th-century American academics
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics

Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)


Cerradomys scotti, also known as Lindbergh's oryzomys, is a rodent species from South America in the genus Cerradomys. It is terrestrial and is found in the cerrado (savanna) ecozone of south central Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. The species is common and appears to tolerate a degree of agricultural habitat modification.

It was first described in 2002 as Oryzomys scotti, after zoologist Scott Lindbergh. In 2004, another new species, Oryzomys andersoni, was described by a team from Texas Tech University on the basis of a specimen taken at Pozo Mario, Santa Cruz Department, southeastern Bolivia. It was named after eminent mammalogist Sydney Anderson in honor of his contributions to the study of Bolivian mammals. It was subsequently recognized as belonging to the same species as Oryzomys scotti on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. In 2006, the species was transferred to the new genus Cerradomys, so that it became known as Cerradomys scotti, with Oryzomys andersoni as a junior synonym.

The holotype of Oryzomys andersoni has a white belly and a grey–brown back with a black dorsal stripe. It has head-body length 111 mm, tail length 122 mm, hindfoot length 30 mm, ear length 17 mm and weight 37 g. It was collected in cerrado habitat. Other mammals found in the same area include Monodelphis domestica, Proechimys longicaudatus, Sciurus spadiceus, Galea spixii, Dasyprocta punctata, the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the red brocket (Mazama americana), and the brown brocket (Mazama gouazoupira).

References

Literature cited
Bonvicino, C., Weksler M. and Percequillo, A. 2008. . In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on November 7, 2009.
Brooks, D.M., Baker, R.J., Vargas M., R.J., Tarifa, T., Aranibar, H. and Rojas, J.M. 2004. A new species of Oryzomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from an isolated pocket of cerrado in eastern Bolivia. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 241:1-11.
Dunnum, J. and Vargas, J. 2008. . In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on November 7, 2009.

Percequillo, A.R., E. Hingst-Zaher, and C.R. Bonvicino. 2008. Systematic review of genus Cerradomys Weksler, Percequillo and Voss, 2006 (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of two new species from Eastern Brazil. American Museum Novitates 3622:1–46.

Mammals of Brazil
Cerradomys
Mammals described in 2002

Cerradomys scotti


The Bellingham Slam are a semi-professional basketball team that formerly competed for seven seasons in the International Basketball League. Before joining the IBL, they played two seasons in the American Basketball Association. They were originally expected to play in Everett, Washington, but were relocated to Bellingham, Washington under the ownership of John Dominguez. The team currently competes in the annual Seattle Pro–Am basketball tournament organized by Seattle, Washington native and former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Jamal Crawford.

The head coach from 2005 to 2013 was Rob Ridnour, father of former NBA guard Luke Ridnour. On March 31, 2014, the team announced that Ridnour was stepping down as coach and former assistant Tyler Amaya was named as his replacement. In their third season of existence, the team won an IBL championship in 2008 and repeated again as league champions in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The Slam have found success by primarily utilizing lesser-known NCAA Division II players rather than Division I players. Each season the Slam's roster features several players who played collegiately in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference. They play their home games at Whatcom Pavilion on the campus of Whatcom Community College.

History

American Basketball Association (2005–07)
The Slam finished their inaugural season 18-14, good for second place in the Red Conference's Ron Boone Division and a #10 seed in the playoffs.  They won their first two playoff games (over the Tacoma Navigators, 134-116 in the first round and over the Pittsburgh Xplosion, 122-115 in the second round) in 2005, but lost in the Great Eight Tournament in Rochester to the San Jose SkyRockets by a score of 138-119 on March 22, 2006. The team averaged 529 fans per game, with a high of 1,078 when Dennis Rodman and the Tijuana Dragons came to Bellingham.

The Slam finished their second season 21-10, which was good for first place in the Red Conference's North Division, a #8 seed in the playoffs, and a first-round bye.  They won their first playoff game 137-103 over the Hollywood Fame before losing to the Vermont Frost Heaves by a score of 119-103 in the league quarterfinals. The Slam averaged 437 fans per game, with a high of 960 coming in their home opener.

International Basketball League (2007–2014)
The Slam finished their first season in the International Basketball League and third overall with a 19-4 record, winning the West Division during the regular season's final weekend.  At the Western Conference Tournament at the Monroe Sports Arena, they received a first round bye, won their conference semi-final game 129-101 over the Edmonton Chill, and won their conference final game over the Vancouver Volcanoes 120-106.

The Slam hosted the 2008 IBL Championship Game against the Elkhart Express at Whatcom Pavilion on July 18.  Bellingham defeated Elkhart 118-111 in front of a sell-out crowd of 1,100 to claim their first championship., . With the championship game included, the Slam set a franchise record of 621 fans per game.

The Slam were unable to repeat as IBL Champions in 2009, as they were defeated in the third round of the playoffs by the eventual champions, the Los Angeles Lightning.  The Slam reached the third round by finishing the regular season first in the IBL's North Division with a 16-4 record and earning a first round bye in the playoffs.  Bellingham defeated the Tacoma Tide in the second round, 116-111, before losing to Los Angeles 132-121.  With their two playoff games included, the Slam finished the 2009 season with a 17-5 record. The 2009 season also saw the Slam's home court winning streak of 19 games broken in their season opener to the Seattle Mountaineers, although following the loss the Slam went on to win their remaining nine home games.  The Slam averaged 524 fans per home game and 240 fans per road game in 2009.

The Bellingham Slam made a playoff run defeating the Los Angeles Lightning in the Second Round, 112-94, and the Yamhill Highflyers in the Conference Final, 136-105. Then, on July 16, the Slam played the Albany Legends in the Championship Game and suffered a 126-111 loss.  The Slam finished the regular season with a record of 13-7 and with the playoffs included, they had a 15-8 record. The Bellingham Slam allowed an average of 105.8 points per game during their fifth season.

The Slam opened the 2011 season with a three-game win streak and finished the season with a 14-6 record.  They had three different three game win streaks throughout the season.  The Bellingham Slam had a solid regular season but then on July 2, they went to Vancouver, WA, and played the Vancouver Volcanoes.  They suffered a 105-96 loss in the Semi-Finals of the International Basketball League Playoffs. During the 2011 season, the Slam set the record for most points in a single game with 179 points against the Kankakee Soldiers on June 26.  They also set the team record for free throw percentage with 77% shooting on the year.

The Bellingham Slam finished their seventh season with an overall record of 17-3.  The Slam finished the regular season with a 14-3 record, including an eleven-game win streak.  They defeated the Vancouver Volcanoes 127-98 in the Semi-Finals of the IBL Playoffs and finished the season by defeating the Portland Chinooks, 142-109.  This victory gave the Slam their second IBL Championship. Three players on the Bellingham Slam, as well as their head coach, received end-of-season league accolades.  Morris Anderson received the Defensive Player of the Year award and Paul Hafford earned the IBL's Most Improved Player award.  Also, Rod Ridnour, the Slam's head coach, was named the league's Coach of the Year.

The Bellingham Slam finished the 2013 regular season with a 16-2 record, their best winning percentage in team history, and won consecutive IBL titles for the first time in league history, defeating the Vancouver Volcanoes in the championship game, 117-114. Morris Anderson, Blake Poole and Jacob Stevenson were named IBL All-Stars for the 2013 season.

Despite a slow start to the season, the Bellingham Slam once again finished first in the IBL with a 13-3 regular season record, which included a record-tying 12 game winning streak. In the 2014 IBL Championship game, the Slam dominated the Vancouver Volcanoes on their home floor, winning 143-126, to capture their third straight league title. Austin Bragg was named the game's MVP with 27 points and 12 rebounds. For the second straight season, the trio of Morris Anderson, Blake Poole and Jacob Stevenson were named 2014 IBL All-Stars.

On February 16, 2015 the Slam announced that the team would be suspending operations.

Seattle Pro–Am summer league (2016–present)
After a one year hiatus, the Slam returned to action by accepting an invitation to compete in the Seattle Pro-Am summer league, organized by NBA veteran and Seattle native Jamal Crawford.

The team finished their first season in the Seattle Pro-Am with a 7-3 record and reached the semi-finals of the playoffs. Paul Hafford finished as the Slam's leading scorer with 22.4 points per game, and Anye Turner was the leading rebounds with 10.5 rebounds per game. Hafford was selected to compete in the 2016 Seattle Pro-Am All-Star game on August 14, 2016.

See also
Bellingham Mariners

References

External links
Official Website
Team page on IBL Website

International Basketball League teams
Bellingham, Washington
Basketball teams in Washington (state)
Defunct American Basketball Association (2000–present) teams
2005 establishments in Washington (state)
Basketball teams established in 2005

Bellingham Slam


Stephen Holland (born 1941) is an American artist, known for his portraits of athletes and celebrities. Holland's most famous paintings have been of Muhammad Ali.

As a young painter, Holland could not afford to hire live models. The images he found in boxing magazines became his subjects. Holland attended the School of Industrial Art (now called the High School of Art and Design), which devoted half of each day to art studies. Later, he attended Pratt Institute, the Art Students League and the School of Visual Arts, all in New York City.

In addition to being the official artist of the Los Angeles Kings, Holland is one of the twelve artists selected by the United States Olympic Committee to represent the 100th Anniversary of the Olympics. He completed eleven paintings for the Baltimore Ravens' Walk of Fame, commemorating their path of victory to Super Bowl XXXV. In 2008, his art commemorated the year-long celebration of the Los Angeles Dodgers' 50 years in Los Angeles.

References

External links
Holland's Art agency
Official art gallery

1941 births
American artists
Living people
Artists from the Bronx
High School of Art and Design alumni

Stephen Holland (artist)


IRTS redirects here. IRTS may also refer to the Infrared Telescope in Space.
The Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) is an organized Group 'A' service (cadre) of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for managing the Transportation - Operations and Commercial wings - of the Indian Railways. IRTS forms the interface between the Railways and the public, and also between the Railways and the corporate sector. It is also responsible for the generation of revenue for the organization.

Recruitment & Training
The direct recruitment to the cadre is done through the Civil Services Examination. As of 1 July 2004, the sanctioned strength of IRTS was 1122. The sanctioned strength of IRTS has decreased since cadre restructuring was undertaken in January–February 2006. At present the cadre strength of IRTS is around 830.

After selection, the IRTS probationers undergo general foundation training at one of the  training academies, that is, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) National Academy of Direct Taxes at Nagpur, RCVP Noronha Academy of Administration at Bhopal and Dr. Marri Channa Reddy Human Resource Development Institute of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad. Following this they go for the Railway Foundation Course at Railway Staff College, Baroda, now renamed National Academy of Indian Railways.

Further specialized training for the probationers is imparted at the Indian Railway Institute of Transportation Management (IRITM) at Lucknow. While based at IRITM, the probationers make extensive study and field trips to various centralized training institutes of the Indian Railways, workshops and organizations across the length and breadth of the country. The training also includes a Parliamentary attachment, visits to important Railway project sites, ports and short stints at other Civil Service academies and one of the Indian Institutes of Management.

IRITM also undertakes courses for middle- and senior-level officers in diverse areas including commercial management, operations management, logistics, public-private partnerships etc.

Role and Function
Indian Railway Traffic Officer is the public interface of railways. There are two main streams of Traffic Department, Operations and Commercial, where these officers are posted. Immediately after the training, the officers are designated as Assistant Operations Manager or Assistant Commercial Manager and posted to one of the divisions of Indian Railways.

The role of an IRTS officer in the operating department is that of ensuring smooth and fast transportation of freight and passengers. He or she ensures optimum utilization of assets maximizing output with least inputs. This is achieved by coordinating with the service departments looking after various assets of railways like track, wagons, engines, signals, etc. He/she then combines the outputs of the various departments maintaining the assets - rolling stock and fixed infrastructure to produce a service output - passenger or freight.

In the commercial department, an IRTS officer is connected with sales, pricing (including discounts) of passenger and freight traffic. The information technology requirement of passenger ticketing is also managed by an IRTS officer in the zonal headquarters in association with the Centre for Railway Information Systems.

The role changes depending on where an officer is placed in the organization - in the division (operational level), the zone (tactical level), or the railway board (strategic level).

The opening up of Indian economy has brought a paradigm shift in the role of IRTS officers - from rail transport to logistics. They have been instrumental in raising the earnings of Indian Railways through efficient freight movement and improved passenger transport which are conducted 24x7 non-stop.

Their extensive expertise in the handling of heavy logistics and complex operations related to freight and passenger movement has made IRTS officers much sought after in the private sector, especially in infrastructure and logistics companies. As a result, several senior IRTS officers have migrated to the private sector. The trend got strengthened after the Railway Ministry opened up the open container movement to private sector in 2006.

Organisation
At the Railway Board level, the traffic department is headed by Member (Traffic), who is a Secretary level officer. He is assisted by Additional Members/Advisors who are of the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India. At present, there is an additional member/advisor, each for the commercial, traffic, safety, computerization and information systems, infrastructure, tourism and catering wings of the traffic department. Within each wing, there are directorates which are headed by an Executive Director, a Joint Secretary rank officer. Some of the directorates are traffic, commercial (rates), planning, coaching, passenger marketing, statistics and economics (under Financial Commissioner), freight marketing, public grievances, computerization and information systems, tourism, and catering.

At the zonal level, operations of commercial departments are headed by IRTS officers - Chief Operations Manager (COM) and Chief Commercial Manager (CCM). They are of the rank of Additional Secretary or Joint Secretary to the Government of India. COM is normally assisted by a team of Joint Secretary rank officers, viz., Chief Freight Transportation Manager (CFTM), Chief Passenger Transportation Manager (CPTM) and Chief Traffic Planning Manager (CPTM). Similarly, CCM is assisted by Chief Commercial Manager (Freight Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger Services) and Chief Claims Officer. They are in turn assisted by Deputy Secretary or Director grade officers - Dy COM, Dy CCM, Dy CCO.

At the divisional level, the operations and commercial departments are headed by IRTS officers - Senior Divisional Operations Manager (Sr. DOM) and Senior Divisional Commercial Manager (Sr. DCM). In a large division, Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM would be supervising over 2000 employees. They are linchpins interacting with customers on a day to day basis and zonal headquarters. Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM are cadre posts in the Deputy Secretary or Director grade of IRTS. Each Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM is assisted by DOM/DCM/Assistant Operations Manager(AOM)/Assistant Commercial Manager (ACM) of the rank of Under Secretary to the Government of India. An IRTS officer's first posting, who is directly recruited through Civil Services Examinations, would be as an AOM or ACM in the division.

See also
 Centralised Training Institutes of the Indian Railways
 Indian Railway Organisational Structure

References

External links
 Indian Railways official website
 IRTS Association website
 Centre for Transportation Research and Management

Central Civil Services (India)
Indian Railways
T

భారతీయ రైల్వే ట్రాఫిక్ సర్వీస్


A feature phone or a dumbphone is a type of mobile phone. The name "feature phone" usually means the phone cannot do things that a smartphone can do. Feature phones basically allow people to make phone calls and sent text messages, while a few may also be able to play multimedia and access the internet and other services offered by the user's wireless service provider.

Modern feature phones can have smartphone-like 3G connectivity, touchscreens, and access to popular social networking services. However, these phones do not support software made by other companies as much as smartphones—because of this, feature phones are also called dumb phones.

People often buy feature phones as they are cheaper than smartphones, especially in emerging markets. In the past few years, however, phone makers have begun to make and sell cheap smartphones for sale in places where high-end smartphones are not popular.
As a result, as of 2015, feature phones are now considered very low quality products.

References

Mobile phones

Feature phone


Merced Solis (born May 10, 1953), better known by the ring name Tito Santana, is an American professional wrestler, trainer, and retired school teacher.

Santana has stayed a babyface his entire career and he is best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation between 1979 and 1993 (missing part of 1980 and returning in 1983) where he was twice the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion and twice held the WWF Tag Team Championship. He also won the 1989 King of the Ring tournament and wrestled the very first ever WrestleMania match competing in the first nine, as well as helping bridge the gap between the 1980s "Rock 'n Wrestling Connection" era to the 1990s "New Generation" era.

Santana was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2004 and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame class of 2013. During his time in the WWF, Santana, despite being born and raised in Texas, was billed from "Tocula, Mexico", which may be a misspelled reference to the city of Toluca. To this day, he still appears on the independent circuit.

Collegiate and professional football career
Solis attended West Texas State University, where he was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. Solis played tight end for the West Texas State Buffaloes. The team was quarterbacked by future professional wrestler Tully Blanchard, who would introduce Solis to the world of professional wrestling. After graduating, Solis was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs but cut during training camp, due to a poor performance in the 40-yard dash because of a twisted Achilles tendon two weeks before camp. He played a single season for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League, appearing in 13 regular season games.

Professional wrestling career

Early career (1977–1979)
After training under Hiro Matsuda and Bob Orton, Solis made his professional wrestling debut on February 23, 1977, for Championship Wrestling from Florida, losing to Crusher Verdu. In April, he joined Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW) where he adopted the name "Richard Blood". In January 1978, he moved onto Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling where he wrestled for a calendar year, he also toured with All Japan Pro Wrestling in October and early November. Reverting to his real name, Solis joined Western States Sports in 1979, winning the NWA Western States Tag Team Championship with Ted DiBiase.

World Wrestling Federation (1979–1980)
Santana joined the World Wrestling Federation defeating Mike Hall in his debut match on Championship Wrestling in 1979. He teamed with Ivan Putski to defeat Johnny Valiant and Jerry Valiant for the World Tag Team Championship WWF Tag Team Championship at Madison Square Garden in October 1979. The duo held the titles for close to six months before losing to the Wild Samoans in April 1980. Santana left the WWF soon after, joining New Japan Pro-Wrestling for a two-month tour.

American Wrestling Association (1980–1982)
Santana wrestled in the American Wrestling Association (AWA) from 1980 to 1982. Matches he had in the AWA include two matches he had against Nick Bockwinkel in St Paul, Minnesota, on March 1, 1981, and in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on May 13, 1982 (Bockwinkel won both matches by cheating). Santana teamed with future tag team partner Rick Martel against the High Flyers on August 29, 1982, in St Paul Minnesota. Santana and Martel lost the match.

Georgia Championship Wrestling (1982–1983)
Santana returned to GCW in July 1982. He teamed with Terry Gordy to unsuccessfully challenge The Samoans (Afa and Sika) for the NWA National Tag Team Championship on two occasions. On April 2, 1983, Santana also fought Larry Zbyszko for the NWA National Heavyweight Championship in a losing effort.

Return to WWF (1983–1993)

Intercontinental Heavyweight champion (1983–1987)
Santana returned to the WWF in 1983, making his televised return on the May 14 episode of Championship Wrestling by defeating José Estrada. Being brought in for TV tapings only, Santana continued to wrestle for GCW until July when he signed for the WWF full time. In 1984, Santana fought the Iron Sheik to a double-disqualification for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at the Philadelphia Spectrum. He then engaged in a lengthy feud with WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight champion, the Magnificent Muraco. Santana finally won the title on February 11, 1984, becoming the first Mexican-American wrestler to win the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. After successfully defending the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship against Muraco, Santana was targeted by Greg "the Hammer" Valentine, and in September 1984 in London, Ontario, Canada, Valentine defeated Santana to win the title. Soon after, the storyline had Valentine injuring Santana's knee and putting Santana out of action for several months. Santana returned in December 1984 and set his sights on getting the Intercontinental title back from Valentine. During this time, he started using Valentine's finishing hold, the figure-four leglock and also wrestled in tag-team competition with Blackjack Mulligan. Santana wrestled at the first WrestleMania, at Madison Square Garden, in March 1985, and in the opening match defeated a masked wrestler known as the Executioner ("Playboy" Buddy Rose), making him submit to the figure four in 4:05. Santana made an appearance in the ring later in the card during the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship match between Valentine and Santana's friend the Junkyard Dog. Wearing street clothes, Santana rushed to the ring to inform referee Dick Kroll that Valentine had used his feet on the ropes to help pin the JYD. Despite having already called for the bell, Kroll restarted the match and an incensed Valentine was counted out as he did not get back into the ring to continue.

On Right After Wrestling, hosted by Arda Ocal and Jimmy Korderas, Santana stated that he was somewhat disappointed with being in the first match at the original WrestleMania in 1985. He also said that Vince McMahon later told Santana that his reason for putting him in the opening match was to kick the show off with a quality match, something he knew Santana, as a solid fan-favorite and former Intercontinental champion, would produce. Santana and Valentine went on to wrestle a memorable series of singles and tag team matches with neither gaining the upper hand. They wrestled in a variety of different types of matches such as regular title matches, no disqualification matches, and lumberjack matches. The pair also faced off in tag team competition with Santana teaming with the Junkyard Dog and Valentine teaming with Brutus Beefcake in a team that would become known as the Dream Team. Santana recaptured the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship from Valentine in a brutal steel cage match in Baltimore on July 6, 1985. After the match, Valentine, incensed over losing the belt, destroyed it by repeatedly bashing it against the steel cage, forcing the WWF to get a new Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship belt. In reality however, the WWF had made a new Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship belt to go along with the new image they were trying to promote and smashing the old championship belt was seen as a way of moving forward with Santana having the honor of being the first to wear the new title belt. Santana would hold on to the title until February 8, 1986, when he lost it to "Macho Man" Randy Savage at the Boston Garden, after Savage knocked him out with a foreign object he had hidden in his tights that supposedly went unnoticed by referee Danny Davis.

Although Santana lost the Intercontinental title before the WWF's storyline that Davis was a corrupt official who clearly favored the heels, the WWF used Santana losing the belt because of Davis' bias to include him in a six-man tag team match at WrestleMania III on March 29, 1987, where he teamed with the British Bulldogs (Dynamite Kid and Davey Boy Smith) against the WWF tag team champions the Hart Foundation (Bret "Hitman" Hart and Jim "the Anvil" Neidhart) and their new partner, former referee "Dangerous" Danny Davis (who had previously wrestled for the WWF as a masked jobber named "Mr. X"). Davis had also been the assigned referee when the Harts stole the WWF Tag Team Championship from the Bulldogs in January 1987, allowing the Harts to double team Davey Boy throughout the entire match after their manager "the Mouth of the South" Jimmy Hart had knocked Dynamite out with his megaphone. The story for WrestleMania III being that the Bulldogs and Santana wanted revenge on Davis as the one responsible for losing their respective titles. The Harts and Davis won the match when Davis used Jimmy Hart's megaphone to 'knock out' and pin Smith. Santana made a second appearance during Wrestlemania III when he came to the ring and attacked manager Slick after his man "the Natural" Butch Reed had defeated Koko B. Ware. Santana, in response to previous attacks by Slick, tore the clothing from Slick who managed to scamper back to the locker room with his suit in tatters. Following this, Reed entered the ring to fight off Santana but was sent from the ring by a double dropkick from Santana and Ware.

Strike Force (1987–1989)

Santana formed the popular tag team Strike Force with Canadian Rick Martel in August 1987. They defeated The Hart Foundation for the WWF Tag Team championship on a televised edition of WWF Superstars of Wrestling when Martel made Jim Neidhart submit to a Boston crab. Strike Force held them for five months before losing to Demolition at Wrestlemania IV. Due to a neck injury inflicted on Martel (kayfabe) shortly after the loss, the team was inactive for several months (in reality, Martel was granted leave to tend to his wife who was seriously ill). Immediately after the injury, Santana introduced a new tag team to the WWF, The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord), two big, muscled up power wrestlers whom he briefly managed. The Powers were introduced as mercenaries to help Martel and Santana gain revenge on Demolition for both the title loss and the injury to Martel. The Powers would later find more permanent management with The Baron before finally turning heel at the 1988 Survivor Series by stealing away Demolition's manager Mr. Fuji, leaving the champions as babyfaces.

Martel returned at the Royal Rumble in 1989 and reunited with Santana. However, in their WrestleMania V match against The Brain Busters (Tully Blanchard and Arn Anderson), Martel turned on Santana during the match after accidentally being hit by Santana's Flying forearm smash. Martel refused to tag in and walked back to the dressing room leaving Santana to face both opponents alone (the Busters then easily defeated Tito with a Spike piledriver). In an interview with "Mean" Gene Okerlund immediately following the match, Martel called Santana a loser and said he was sick and tired of carrying him. His feud with the newly heel Martel would last throughout 1989, with both men on opposing teams at both SummerSlam and Survivor Series and Santana defeating Martel in the finals of the 1989 King of the Ring tournament. Santana even allied with his former archenemies Demolition against Martel, defeating him and The Fabulous Rougeaus in a six-man tag match on June 22, 1989, in Hartford, Connecticut.

Intercontinental Heavyweight championship pursuits (1990–1991)
After The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan at WrestleMania VI and vacated the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship, Santana took part in an eight-man tournament to name a new Intercontinental Champion. Santana made it to the finals, where he lost to Mr. Perfect. Following that loss, Santana occasionally teamed with Koko B. Ware. At the 1990 Survivor Series, he teamed with Nikolai Volkoff and The Bushwhackers (Luke and Butch). He was the winner and sole survivor in the elimination-style match against Sgt. Slaughter, Boris Zhukov, and The Orient Express (Sato and Tanaka). As a result, Santana advanced to the final elimination match, teaming with Hulk Hogan and The Ultimate Warrior against Martel, "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase, The Warlord, and Power and Glory (Hercules and Paul Roma). Santana would eliminate The Warlord with his Flying forearm before being pinned by DiBiase. Santana would then wrestle at WrestleMania VII, losing to The Mountie in a little over a minute after being hit in the stomach by The Mountie's electrified cattle prod.

El Matador (1991–1993)
Later in 1991, Santana adopted a Spanish bullfighter gimmick and the nickname "El Matador" after he returned to the WWF. His first WrestleMania match under this gimmick is when he faced and lost to Shawn Michaels in the opening bout of WrestleMania VIII at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis.Santana wrestled under the "El Matador" gimmick through 1993, mostly wrestling jobbers, while losing most matches to higher talent. This included a dark match loss to Papa Shango at SummerSlam which was held at the Wembley Stadium in London, England. Santana defeated friend and frequent tag team partner Virgil on a 1993 episode of Wrestling Challenge. As a sign of mutual respect between the two, both men embraced after the match. He stopped appearing on WWF programming in North America, but he continued working on the WWF Summer tour in Europe and the international house show circuit through the course of August–September. Santana, along with only Hulk Hogan, holds the unique distinction of appearing in the first nine WrestleManias, accumulating a 2–7 record during that time. Officially he is recognized only for the first eight WrestleManias matches. In his final in-ring WrestleMania appearance, he defeated Papa Shango at WrestleMania IX in the untelevised opening match called another dark match. Because of this he is later recognized as having a 1–7 record. Unfortunately for Santana, despite regaining the IC title from Greg Valentine later in 1985, and two years later winning the Tag Team title with Rick Martel as part of Strike Force, he would never again win a televised match at a WrestleMania event. Santana continued to wrestle through the first half of 1993 following WrestleMania IX, facing Razor Ramon, Adam Bomb, and Papa Shango. His final match was on August 13, 1993, in Wildwood, New Jersey, when he defeated Damien Demento.

International World Class Championship Wrestling (1991, 1994–1995)
While taking a short hiatus from the World Wrestling Federation, he wrestled in International World Class Championship Wrestling (IWCCW) briefly where he held a feud with Tony Atlas. On an IWCCW card in Brooklyn, New York, Atlas defeated Dusty Wolfe. After the bout, he openly challenged any of his fellow wrestlers to try to beat him. Santana immediately responded, charging out and dropkicking Atlas out of the ring. Following the event, Santana and Atlas scheduled a match for June 15 in Nassau in The Bahamas for the IWCCW title, where Santana sought to avenge his former tag team partner "Polish Power" Ivan Putski, whom Atlas had hung over the ropes previously. Santana had the upper hand in the bout until Atlas' manager Tony Rumble interfered by distracting and enraging Santana by repeatedly putting Atlas' foot on the rope. Santana then went after Rumble, pulled him onto the ring apron, and knocked him onto the floor. Atlas took the opportunity to blindside Santana with a pair of brass knuckles from behind. The referee saw this illegal attack, and disqualified Atlas.

Return and IWCCW Heavyweight Champion
After leaving ECW in 1993, Santana returned to IWCCW in 1994 where he wrestled some of his old WWF rivals such as Hercules Hernandez, Rick Martel, and Greg Valentine. During his second stint, he won the vacant IWCCW Heavyweight Championship (a title which had been vacated by Tony Atlas a man Santana first feuded with during his first stint in IWCCW back in 1991, Tony Atlas had left IWCCW for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) back in 1992) with a tournament victory over Greg Valentine who later claimed the title in a rematch. In IWCCW Santana resumed his feuds from the WWF with Rick Martel and Greg Valentine, and again wrestled Tony Atlas, who defeated him in a match in Yardville, New Jersey. Santana also feuded with Manny Fernandez, as Fernandez had attacked Santana after Santana had defeated L.A. Gore. After Valentine had defeated Santana for the title, Santana also then had later agreed to an interfederation title vs title match with Valentine as Santana had won the AWF championship while he was still competing in IWCCW.

NWA Eastern Championship Wrestling (1993)
Santana played a role in the formative years of ECW. Then known as Eastern Championship Wrestling, he won the ECW Heavyweight Championship on August 8, 1993, by defeating former WWF rival Don Muraco, but forfeited the championship later that year to Shane Douglas.

American Wrestling Federation (1994–1996)
During 1994 and 1996 Santana wrestled in the short-lived American Wrestling Federation (AWF). He was both the first and last AWF Heavyweight Champion, defeating Bob Orton, Jr. in a tournament final for the inaugural belt in November 1994, and losing and regaining the title from Orton on the same night in October 1996. Santana was slightly considered the top babyface of the company, and its major champion along with Orton (who was the top heel)

Second return to the WWF (1997–1998)
Santana returned to the WWF as a commentator in the Spanish Broadcast table, He called on Monday Night Raw, as well as PPV events, he was last doing Spanish commentary at WrestleMania XIV. In November 1997, he made on-air appearances as El Matador in the Karate Fighters Holiday Tournament, facing Carlos Cabrera and Jerry Lawler.

Regional Championship Wrestling (1997–2013)
On July 19, 1997, Santana lost by disqualification to "Playboy" Jonathon Luvstruk w/Bodacious Pretty Boy in the finals of the United States title tournament at RCW's Battleground event. On August 8, 2009, Santana defeated Jerome Hendrix at RCW's Rumblemania 6 event. On May 6, 2012, Santana defeated Tokyo Dragon w/Rich Rogers in tournament final to become RCW champion at RCW's Rumblemania 8 event. On May 10, 2013, Santana and Tokyo Dragon defeated Mad Russian, Jack Molson and Rich Rogers in a title vs. hair match. Santana cut Rogers's hair at RCW's Megabrawl 6 event.

World Championship Wrestling (2000)
On January 10, 2000, Santana made a one-time appearance in WCW. He defeated Jeff Jarrett in a Dungeon match on Nitro.

Independent circuit (1996–present)
Since 1996, Santana continues to make appearances on the independent circuit. On December 7, 1996, he defeated former WWF rival Bob Orton Jr. to win the USA Pro Heavyweight title. He would hold the title until March 11, 1999, when he left the promotion. On March 13, 2004, he was inducted to the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2004, with an induction speech by his WrestleMania VIII opponent Shawn Michaels. In September 2008, he was inducted into the Spanish Hall of Fame of Pro Wrestling (Salón del Catch). He defeated his former rival Greg Valentine for the IWA Heavyweight Championship at WrestleReunion 2 on August 27, 2005. A few weeks later he dropped the title back to Valentine. On the November 15, 2010 "Old School" episode of Raw, he ring-announced Alberto Del Rio. Santana later appeared in the "Legends Roll-On" On April 14, 2012, he made an appearance wrestling a match for Pro Wrestling Superstars against Shawn Spears defeating him with an inside cradle. In July 2012, Santana wrestled in Winnipeg MB for Canadian Westling Elite against Matt Fairlane, but was disqualified due to outside interference. He also embarked on a three-day tour of Saskatchewan, Canada with High Impact Wrestling Canada. He wrestled and defeated Jumpin' Joe by pinfall in Yorkton, SK on July 16, lost by disqualification to Rex Roberts at Pile O' Bones Rumble XVII on July 17, and then on July 18 defeated King Kash by pinfall. On September 14, 2012, Santana made an unadvertised appearance for Chikara, when he entered the 2012 King of Trios tournament, teaming with Mihara and The Mysterious and Handsome Stranger, with the three losing to the Spectral Envoy (Frightmare, Hallowicked and UltraMantis Black) in their first round match. On December 4, 2012, the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum announced Santana would be inducted into their Modern Category. The PWHF Induction took place on May 18, 2013. On April 19, 2014, Santana competed in a match with "The German Menace" Kraig Stagg on ECPW's iPPV "Super Showcase Saturday". Recently on November 25, 2022 Santana defeated This Guy (Johnny Della Rocka) for BCW 49 in East Burwood, Victoria, Australia.

Personal life
While attending West Texas A&M University, Solis was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He had been a Spanish teacher at Eisenhower Middle School in Roxbury Township, New Jersey, where he lives with his wife Leah and their three sons Matthew, Michael and Mark; Leah operated a hair salon in Succasunna-Kenvil, New Jersey until January 2022. He also teaches wrestling classes at the New Jersey-based Independent Wrestling Federation. He had also been a physical education teacher for Smalley Elementary School in Bound Brook, New Jersey.
His autobiography, Tito Santana's Tales From the Ring, was released in 2008. His independently released biography "Don't Call Me Chico" was released in 2019.
Solis announced his retirement from teaching on June 2023. His last day as a teacher was on June 15, 2023.

Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Federation
AWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
AWF Heavyweight Title Tournament (1994)
Empire Wrestling Alliance
EWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Eastern Championship Wrestling
ECW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
House of Pain Wrestling Federation
HoPWF Tag Team Championship (1 time)
Independent Association of Wrestling
IAW Television Championship (1 time)
Independent Wrestling Federation
IWF Tag Team Championship – with Biggie Biggs (1 Time)
Royal Rumble (2016)
International Association of Wrestling
IAW Television Championship (1 time)
International World Class Championship Wrestling
IWCCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Western States Sports
NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ted DiBiase
National Wrestling Alliance
Houston Wrestling Gold Cup Tournament (1981)
National Wrestling Council
NWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
New England Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2011
Northern States Wrestling Alliance
NSWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2013
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Tag Team of the Year award in 1979 – with Ivan Putski.
PWI ranked him # 51 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1995.
PWI ranked him # 93 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the PWI Years in 2003.
PWI ranked him # 70 of the 100 best tag teams during the PWI Years with Rick Martel in 2003.
PWI ranked him # 92 of the 100 best tag teams during the PWI Years with Ivan Putski in 2003.
Renegade Wrestling Alliance
RWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 USA Pro Wrestling
USA Pro Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Unified Championship Wrestling
UCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Universal Superstars of America
USA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Chris Michaels
World-1
W1 Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Travis Lee
World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment
WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
WWF Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Ivan Putski (1), and Rick Martel (1)
King of the Ring (1989)
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2004)
Rio Grande Valley Sports Hall of Fame
Class of 2007
Other titles
CWA Heavyweight Championship (1 Time)
GWA Heavyweight Championship (1 Time)
USA Heavyweight Championship (1 Time)
UWS Tag Team Championship (1 Time)
IWA Heavyweight Championship (1 Time)

References

External links

1953 births
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
American football tight ends
American male professional wrestlers
American professional wrestlers of Mexican descent
BC Lions players
ECW Heavyweight Champions/ECW World Heavyweight Champions
Educators from Texas
Hispanic and Latino American teachers
ICW/IWCCW Heavyweight Champions
Kansas City Chiefs players
Living people
People from Mission, Texas
Professional wrestlers from Texas
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Stampede Wrestling alumni
West Texas A&M Buffaloes football players
WWE Hall of Fame inductees
WWF/WWE Intercontinental Champions
WWF/WWE King's Crown Champions/King of the Ring winners
World Tag Team Champions (WWE)

Tito Santana


Antoine de la Rochefoucauld, Seigneur de Chaumont-sur-Loire, served Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé as a knight (chevalier de l'ordre du Roi) and his chamberlain. On 7 October 1552, he married Cécile de Montmirail, daughter of Étienne de Montmirail, seigneur de Chambourcy, maître des requêtes and Louise de Selve.

He fought at the Battle of Jarnac on 13 March 1569, where the Prince de Condé was killed, and succeeded to withdraw his troops to Cognac. Charged by Gaspard de Coligny, he then took Nontron, 8 June.

See also
Duc de La Rochefoucauld

External links
List of notable members of the La Rochefoucauld family (in French)

French knights
16th-century French people
Military governors of Paris
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing

Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (knight)


Westcott House is an Anglican theological college based on Jesus Lane in the centre of the university city of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Its main activity is training people for ordained ministry in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. Westcott House is a founding member of the Cambridge Theological Federation. The college is considered by many to be Liberal Catholic in its tradition, but it accepts ordinands from a range of traditions in the Church of England.

History
Westcott House began its life in 1881 as the Cambridge Clergy Training School. Brooke Foss Westcott, the then Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, was its first president. He later became the Bishop of Durham. A pioneering and respected New Testament scholar himself, the school was the product of Westcott's own passionate concern to raise the standard of clergy education and to equip clergy to meet the challenges of parish ministry. Westcott was also exercised by the way in which the Church of England was increasingly dominated by parties and factions. Westcott himself eschewed any party affiliation. The college has often been associated with a Liberal Catholic ethos, although its essential charism embraces the breadth of the Church of England and the wider church: 'As a scholar, educator, priest and prophet, Westcott's legacy to the Church of England challenges sectarianism, ignorance, complacency and empty faith. This is the spirit which Westcott House seeks to honour today, drawing students from all backgrounds to prepare them for ministry in this historic centre of Christian learning'.

In response to the Faith in the City report, published in 1985, the college has retained a firm commitment to develop expertise and capacity in the field of urban ministry and mission. Through its partnership with the Diocese of Manchester, the college has pioneered patterns of context-based learning and innovative approaches to contextual theology for over twenty years. These approaches have been widely imitated and developed by other theological education institutions. The college has also developed a programme for continuing ministerial development through the Westcott Foundation.

The college provides training pathways in conjunction with the University of Cambridge and the Common Awards (validated by Durham University). It describes itself as "the home of a diverse, inclusive and international community of people who share a vision of ministry to all society". Drawing on the inspiration of B. F. Westcott and others, its ethos is expressed in a rule of life which was adopted in 2014.

Notable people

List of principals
The head of Westcott House is known as the principal. All the principals of the Clergy Training School and of Westcott House have  been Anglican priests.

1887–1901: Frederic Chase
1901–1911: Henry Knight
1911–1916: Charles Lambert
1916–1919: Closed during World War I
1919–1943: Bertram Cunningham
1943–1947: William Greer
1948–1961: Kenneth Carey
1962–1972: Peter Walker
1972–1981: Mark Santer
1981–1993: Rupert Hoare
1993–2006: Michael Roberts
2006–2015: Martin Seeley
2015–2019: Chris Chivers
2019–2020 (acting): Paul Dominiak, Vice-Principal
2020–2021 (interim): Tim Stevens
2021–present: Helen Dawes

Staff

Besides the aforementioned principals, notable staff have included:
Charles Freer Andrews, vice-principal; then missionary, educator and social reformer in India
Michael Beasley, chaplain, tutor and vice-principal; current bishop suffragan of Hertford
Spencer Carpenter, vice-principal; later Dean of Exeter
John Collins, vice-principal: later Canon of St Paul's Cathedral
Don Cupitt, vice-principal; later Dean of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Charles Garrad, vice-principal; then missionary and Bible translator in Burma
John Habgood, vice-principal; later Bishop of Durham and Archbishop of York
John Harmer, vice-principal: later Bishop of Adelaide and Bishop of Rochester
Hugh Montefiore, vice-principal; later Bishop of Birmingham
Jeremy Morris, tutor, director of studies and vice-principal; former Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Robert Runcie, chaplain, tutor and vice-principal; later principal of Ripon College Cuddesdon, Bishop of St Albans and Archbishop of Canterbury
Mary Tanner, tutor; later European President of the World Council of Churches
Angela Tilby, tutor and vice-principal; current Canon of Christ Church, Oxford
Alan Webster, chaplain and vice-principal; later Dean of St Paul's
Harry Williams, chaplain and tutor: later Dean of Trinity College, Cambridge, theologian and monk of the Community of the Resurrection
Rowan Williams, chaplain, tutor and director of studies; later Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Oxford and canon of Christ Church Bishop of Monmouth, Archbishop of Wales, Archbishop of Canterbury and Master of Magdalene
Edward Wynn, vice-principal; later Bishop of Ely

Alumni

Notable alumni of Westcott House and of the Clergy Training School include:

Robert Atwell, current bishop of Exeter
Paul Badham, Professor emeritus of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Wales, Lampeter
Simon Bailey, writer and priest
Alister McGrath, Professor in Science and Religion and writer
Andrew Ballard, retired archdeacon of Manchester
David Bartleet, Bishop suffragan of Tonbridge
Dewi Bridges, Bishop of Swansea and Brecon
Gareth Bennett, academic renowned for criticising the then-Archbishop
Chiu Ban It, Bishop of Singapore
Stephen Conway, current bishop of Ely
Christopher Cunliffe, current archdeacon of Derby
Henry de Candole, Bishop suffragan of Knaresborough and liturgist
Griff Dines, Provost of St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow
Maurice O'Connor Drury, left Westcott after one year
Peter Eaton, current bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of South-East Florida
David Edwards, Provost of Southwark
Peter Eliot, Archdeacon of Worcester
Ralph Emmerson, Bishop suffragan of Knaresborough
Michael (Fisher) SSF, Bishop suffragan of St Germans
Launcelot Fleming, Bishop of Norwich
Frank Ford, Archdeacon of the East Riding
David Galliford, Bishop suffragan of Bolton
Herbert Gwyer, Bishop of George
Stuart Hallam, a current Naval chaplain
Barry Hollowell, Bishop of Calgary
Forbes Horan, Bishop suffragan of Tewkesbury
Anthony Hoskyns-Abrahall, Bishop suffragan of Lancaster
Noel Hudson, Bishop of Labuan and Sarawak
Andrew Hunter, former MP for Basingstoke
Robert Keable, novelist and missionary
John Lewis, Archdeacon of Hereford
Barry Morgan, former archbishop of Wales and Bishop of Llandaff
Edward Patey, Dean of Liverpool
Guy Pentreath, chaplain and headmaster
John Polkinghorne, theoretical physicist and theologian
William Rees, Archdeacon of St Asaph
David Reindorp, vicar
John Richardson, Archdeacon of Derby
John Robinson, Bishop suffragan of Woolwich
Patrick Rodger, Bishop of Oxford
John Edmondson, member of the House of Lords
Paul Shinji Sasaki, Bishop of Tokyo
Allan Shaw, Dean of Ely
Shimun XXI or XXIII Eshai, Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East
Percival Smith, Archdeacon of Lynn
Mervyn Stockwood, former Bishop of Southwark
Carol Stone, vicar
Barry Till, academic and educator
Graham Usher, current Bishop of Norwich
Cherry Vann, current Bishop of Monmouth
Benjamin Vaughan, former Bishop of Swansea and Brecon
Graham Ward, current Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University
Richard Watson, former Bishop of Burnley
David Wilbourne, former assistant bishop of Llandaff
Trevor Willmott, former bishop of Dover
Kenneth Woollcombe, former Bishop of Oxford

Gallery

References

External links
Official website
History of the college at Westcott House

Educational institutions established in 1887
Anglican seminaries and theological colleges
Anglo-Catholic educational establishments
Institutions of the Cambridge Theological Federation
Anglican buildings and structures in Europe
1887 establishments in England

Westcott House, Cambridge


"Feel Right" is a song recorded by British record producer Mark Ronson, with vocals from American rapper Mystikal, for Ronson's fourth studio album, Uptown Special (2015). It was later released as the album's second single in the United Kingdom, and the third official single overall, on 29 March 2015.

Music video
The official audio for the single was uploaded to Vevo on 24 November 2014. The music video, co-directed by Cameron Duddy and Bruno Mars, premiered on Ronson's Vevo channel on 10 May 2015. The video takes place during a school talent show set in the fictional Sunnydale High, with actress Florence Henderson making an appearance to announce the band Uptown Special. Mars, Mystikal and Ronson appear in the video as judges of the show.

Live performances
On 22 November 2014, Ronson first performed the song live on Saturday Night Live, with Mystikal making an appearance and Bruno Mars doing background vocals. On 10 February 2015, Ronson and Mystikal performed the track with The Roots on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon.

Track listing
CD single
"Feel Right"  – 3:42

Charts

Weekly charts

References

2015 singles
2015 songs
Songs written by Mark Ronson
Songs written by Philip Lawrence (songwriter)
Songs written by Bruno Mars
Songs written by Mystikal
Songs written by Christopher Brody Brown
Songs written by Thomas Brenneck
Songs written by Nick Movshon

Feel Right (Mark Ronson song)


Prem Shivram Shaw Radhakishun (Paramaribo, 4 February 1962) is a Dutch-Surinamese lawyer, columnist, actor and radio and television producer.

Radhakishun presented the NPS television program Premtime, which ran from 2003 to 2008. The program was an informative television program about the multicultural society in which the quality of the Dutch society is tested. In Premtime, Radhakishun paid attention to the multicultural society. This resulted a few times in clashes with Moroccan youth in particular.

From April 2009 to September 2010, Radhakishun presented the opinion program PepTalk of BNR. He was also the presenter of the television program De Herkansing (The Second Chance), in which the youth who have difficulties at home or at school get a second chance. In 2006 he was suspended for one year as a lawyer for failing to fulfill its administrative and financial obligations.

References

External links
 Premtime

1962 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch lawyers
Dutch columnists
Dutch television presenters
Dutch radio personalities
Dutch opinion journalists
Surinamese emigrants to the Netherlands
Dutch people of Indian descent
Dutch Hindus
People from Paramaribo

Prem Radhakishun


Faro is the capital city of Algarve, Portugal. The city has a population of 58,305 people.

History
Politically, Faro was founded in the 10th century by Moors who remained in the region for the following five centuries, until the Christian conquest. They were responsible for many of the structures in the region, such as the main castle, but also for the many names that dotted the region's toponymy, as well as the legends and myths that developed by its peoples.

The village of Faro was taken from the Moors in 1249, during the reign of D. Afonso III, by Paio Peres Correia, Master of the Order of Santiago. The Christians gave thanks for their success to the Virgin Mary, and in an expansion of faith, Nossa Senhora da Alva (Our Lady of the Dawn) was named patron saint of Faro, as a result of the mythical legend of the Conquest of the Castle.

Faro obtained a foral (charter) from 12 November 1280, issued by King Denis of Portugal in Estremoz, it was the first charter issued by the king in the Algarve. On 1 June 1504, King Manuel of Portugal reformed the diplomatic map issued by King Denis, and promoted the town with the title Nobre e Honrada (Noble and Honoured).

Following the Restoration War, in the reigns of King Afonso VI and his brother, regent (then King) Peter II, the coastal lands were infested with Barbary pirates that anchored in the coastal coves and unprotected anchorages, then attacked and pillaged the local towns. Carrapateira was erected between two beaches, where pirates could easily disembark: Praia da Bordeira (to the north) and Praia do Amado (to the south). From these beaches, Barbary pirates targeted local homes, kidnapping many and selling them into slavery in the markets of Algiers. Similarly, in Arrifana, which formed a small cove protected by strong waves and easy access to the sea. Therefore, in the 17th century, they national government  constructed the Fort of Arrifana; erected in 1635, rebuilt in 1635 and 1670, it was originally established to protect a fishing port that existed by 1516.

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Faro District

Faro, Portugal