Raging Waters is a chain of two water theme parks in San Dimas, California, and Sydney, Australia. The parks are operated by Palace Entertainment and owned by its parent company Parques Reunidos, but they each contain different attractions. The parks are generally closed during the winter months.

Raging Waters Los Angeles

Raging Waters Los Angeles opened June 18, 1983, located in Los Angeles County in the city of San Dimas, near SR 57 between Interstate 10 and Interstate 210. At 60 acres, park management described it as California's largest waterpark (2011). The park was formerly known as "Raging Waters San Dimas" but, as of 2016, official media was using the name "Raging Waters Los Angeles" for this location. The park inspired the waterpark scenes in the 1989 movie Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure.

Attractions
Aqua Rocket is a ProSlide Hydro Magnetic slide that uses magnetic propulsion to propel a raft up hills.

Amazon Adventure is a quarter-mile-long, , tropical river that runs through a section of the park. Riders sit in rafts as the current pulls them around the river route.

Bermuda Triangle consists of three twisting, turning tunnels that recycle more than 2,500 gallons of water per minute, and make riders feel like they have 'entered' the Bermuda Triangle.

Bombs Away are two WhiteWater trapdoor slides, one with an open free-fall drop, and the other with an enclosed loop; opened in 2023.

Dark Hole is a system of two tunnel water slides with a drop of 52 feet. Riders formerly had to sit in a single-person raft (identical to the ones used in Amazon River), but as of 2016, riders sit in a two-person raft, speeding through total darkness. This attraction was the first of its kind in the country. Riders travel at a speed of 26 miles per hour.

Dr. Von Dark's Tunnel of Terror is a ProSlide Trantrum slide in which riders experience a 40-foot drop into a dark tunnel. Riders will then drop into a small mini-funnel.

Dragon's Den is a slide which debuted in 2004, and is a two-person tube-ride that sends guests plummeting down a steep  tunnel, circling around a  bowl  until they fall through a secret tunnel at the bottom. As of 2016, Dragon's Den is also ridden as a single-rider attraction, with tubes identical to the ones used in Amazon River.

High Extreme is the name of two 600-foot-long (180 m) mat slides that reach speeds of up to 35 miles an hour (56 km/h).

Kid's Kingdom is a small kids' water playground with 4 small water slides.

Little Dipper Lagoon is a kids' splash area with a few small water slides for toddlers and very young kids.

Neptune's Fury is a 600-foot (180 m) long, pitch-black raft slide which can hold up to 4 people.

Ragin' Racer is a ProSlide 8-lane mat racer slide where riders experience multiple drops before a splash-down.

Speed Slides are high speed body slides called Raging Rocket and Screamer.

Splash Island Adventure is an SCS Interactive water playground with 4 water slides, a 1,000-gallon tipping bucket, and more than 75 interactive water features.

Thunder Rapids is a five-person family raft slide that is open-air.

Volcano Fantasea is a small volcano themed kids area.

Wave Cove is a wave pool that produces 3-foot-tall waves every 12 minutes.

Raging Waters San Jose
Raging Waters San Jose was located in Lake Cunningham Park in East San Jose, adjacent to Capitol Expressway, Eastridge Mall, Eastridge Transit Center and Reid-Hillview Airport. The park opened to the public in 1985, and was the largest water park in Northern California. On September 6, 2023, it was announced via Raging Waters San Jose's social media that the park would not be reopening for the 2024 season.

Attractions
Activity Pool was a water play area for kids that featured various splash games and rope courses. Barracuda Blaster is a 500-foot (150 m) long ProSlide inline raft water slide.

Bombs Away was a 200-foot (60 m) long ProSlide SuperLOOP drop capsule slide which was added in 2011.

Dragon's Den was a ProSlide CannonBowl slide that was added in 2003.

Endless River was a slow moving lazy river ride.

Great White Shark was a shark-themed tube slide.

Little Dipper was a kids' area with various concrete water slides.

Pirate's Cove was a water playground for kids that featured a giant tipping bucket.

Serpentine Slides were three tube slides made by Surf Coaster.

Shotgun Falls were a pair of two Surf Coaster Shotgun Slides that dropped you into a 10-foot (3 m) deep pool.

Slide Creek Falls was a raging rapids style slide which featured a waterfall start.

Speed Slides were two 60-foot (18 m) long Surf Coaster speed slides, called Blue Thunder and White Lightning.

Wacky Water Works was a small water playground for toddlers.

Wave Pool was a 350,000 gallon wave pool.

Other parks

Raging Waters Sydney is located in Greater Western Sydney, and was formerly known as Wet'n'Wild until being acquired in 2018 by Parques Reunidos.

Raging Waters Sacramento is located at Cal Expo and was formerly known as Six Flags Waterworld. Palace Entertainment would terminate their lease on November 8, 2022 "after a careful review of company priorities". In 2023, Silverwood Entertainment took over the park and announced a 3-year plan to completely refurbish the park.

The Raging Waters in Wildwood, New Jersey is operated by Morey's Piers; only the three Raging Waters parks are owned by Palace Entertainment.

Until early 2011, there was also a Raging Waters park in Salt Lake City, Utah, later operated as Seven Peaks Salt Lake. The Raging Waters/Seven Peaks park in Salt Lake City would close down in 2018 with the site being demolished in 2021.

References

External links

Amusement parks in California
Water parks in California
Parques Reunidos
Tourist attractions in Sacramento, California
Tourist attractions in Los Angeles County, California
Tourist attractions in Los Angeles

Raging Waters


Thomas Daniel "Danny" Corcoran is an Australian sports administrator, having worked for AFL clubs Essendon (1990–1995, 2010–2013) and Melbourne (1998–2003), and for Athletics Australia (2004–2010). In 2010 he became the inaugural general manager of rugby operations at the Melbourne Rebels.

Career
At Essendon Corcoran was football operations manager 1990–1995. From there he moved to Melbourne, where he was the football manager 1998–2003. He joined Athletics Australia in 2004 to be CEO. In April 2010 he announced he would resign from AA to become the inaugural general manager of rugby operations at the Melbourne Rebels.

About his move to the Rebels Corcoran said: "To help bring rugby into the forefront of people's minds, in one of the greatest sporting cities in the world, in a new stadium, will be a great challenge and one that is potentially very rewarding for all involved. It's a great challenge for us and one I genuinely believe this franchise can achieve." Rebels CEO Brian Waldron added: "Danny is highly experienced, having been involved with successful teams in his history, including AFL side, Essendon." Waldron went on to emphasise Corcoran's expertise in high performance, and then described Danny as a "wonderful addition to the team."

On 4 October 2010, Corcoran resigned as the general manager from the Melbourne Rebels to re-join the Essendon Football Club.

2013 supplements controversy

Following months of rumours and investigations, on 13 August 2013, Corcoran, along with the Essendon Football Club, senior coach James Hird, senior assistant coach Mark Thompson and club doctor Bruce Reid was charged by the AFL with bringing the game into disrepute in relation to the supplements program at the club in 2011 and 2012. The club was given 14 days to consider the charges and faced an AFL Commission hearing on 26 August 2013. On 27 August 2013, Corcoran was banned for six months with two months of that time suspended for a period of two years; effectively a four-month ban. He cannot work with any AFL club in any capacity during that period.

References

External links
 Official website of the Melbourne Rebels
 Official website of Athletics Australia
 "Latest News" - Appointment to Chief Executive Officer

Living people
1953 births
Australian chief executives
People from Victoria (state)
Melbourne Football Club administrators
Essendon Football Club administrators

Danny Corcoran (sports administrator)


Paternity law refers to body of law underlying legal relationship between a father and his biological or adopted children and deals with the rights and obligations of both the father and the child to each other as well as to others. A child's paternity may be relevant in relation to issues of legitimacy, inheritance and rights to a putative father's title or surname, as well as the biological father's rights to child custody in the case of separation or divorce and obligations for child support.

Under common law, a child born to a married woman is presumed to be the child of her husband by virtue of a "presumption of paternity" or presumption of legitimacy. In consideration of a possible non-paternity event (which may or may not include paternity fraud) these presumptions may be rebutted by evidence to the contrary, for example, in disputed child custody and child support cases during divorce, annulment or legal separation.

In the case of a father not married to a child's mother, depending on the laws of the jurisdiction:
 a man may accept the paternity of the child in what is called an acknowledgment of paternity, voluntary acknowledgement of paternity or affidavit of parentage,
 the mother or legal authorities can file a petition for a determination of paternity against a putative father, or
 paternity can be determined by the courts through estoppel over time.

Today, when paternity is in dispute or doubt, paternity testing may be used to conclusively resolve the issue.

Overview

The legal process of determining paternity normally results in the naming of a man to a child's birth certificate as the child's legal father. A paternity finding resolves issues of legitimacy, and may be followed by court rulings that relate to child support and maintenance, custody and guardianship.

Unmarried fathers
Generally, under common law, a biological father has a legal obligation for the maintenance or support of his biological offspring, whether or not he is legally competent to marry the child's mother.

In jurisdictions where there is no presumption of paternity there is a process for fathers to recognise their children and become the legal father of the child.

Married fathers
In the United States, where a child is conceived or born during wedlock, the husband is legally presumed to be the father of the child. Some states have a legal process for a husband to disavow paternity, such that a biological father can be named as the parent of a child conceived or born during a marriage. In most states, any claim of non-paternity by a husband must be heard by a court.

If parents litigate a divorce case without raising the issue of paternity, in most states they will be barred from disputing the husband's paternity in a later court proceeding. Depending upon state law, it may nonetheless be possible for a man claiming to be the child's biological father to commence a paternity case following the divorce.

Legal proceedings
Where paternity of the child is in question, a party may ask the court to determine paternity of one or more possible fathers (called putative fathers), typically based initially upon sworn statements and then upon testimony or other evidence.

Once paternity has been legally established, if the court finds that to do so would be contrary to the best interest of the child, in most U.S. states a court may deny DNA testing or decline to remove a husband from a child's birth certificate based upon DNA testing.

A successful application to the court results in an order assigning paternity to a specific man, possibly including support responsibility and/or visitation rights, or declaring that one or more men (possibly including the husband of the mother) are not the father of the child. A disavowal action is a legal proceeding where a putative father attempts to prove to the court that he is not the father; if successful, it relieves the former putative father of legal responsibility for the child.

On the other hand, it could be the case where several putative fathers are fighting to establish custody. In the United States, a state may legally bar a third party from disputing the paternity of a child born within an intact marriage.

Some paternity laws assign full parental responsibility to fathers even in cases of women lying about contraception, using deceit (such as oral sex followed by self-artificial insemination) or statutory rape by a woman (Hermesmann v. Seyer).

Paternity and inheritance rights
If the context of inheritance rights, it will be the heirs of the deceased person who are attempting to dispute or establish paternity.  In some states, DNA testing will be dispositive to establish paternity.  In many jurisdictions, however, there are a variety of rules and time restrictions that can deny inheritance rights to biological children of a deceased father.

See also
 Bradley Amendment
 Carol Smart
 Family law
 Filiation
 Lord Mansfield's Rule
 Parental leave
 Parenting plan
 Paternity Court

References

Divorce law
Family law
Marriage law
Paternity
Reproductive rights

Paternity law


Andrew Rankin Cowie McLellan  is a minister in the Church of Scotland. He was Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland from 2002 to 2009.

He was educated at Kilmarnock Academy, Madras College (St Andrews), the University of St Andrews, the University of Glasgow and Union Theological Seminary, New York City, USA.

He was Assistant Minister at St George's West Church, Edinburgh, 1969–1971. Thereafter, he was Minister at Cartsburn Augustine Church, Greenock (1971–1980) (and was also an elected member of Inverclyde District Council 1977–1980), Viewfield Parish Church, Stirling (1980–1986) and St Andrew's and St George's Church, Edinburgh (1986–2002). He was Convener of the Church of Scotland's Church and Nation Committee 1992-1996 its Parish Development Fund 2002 – 2006, and its World Mission Council 2010–2014; and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2000. He was Chaplain of the Boys' Brigade (UK and ROI) 2013- 2016. He is also author of two books.

He is married to Irene and has twin sons Andi and Ian.  He now lives in Dunfermline. His formal title (following the end of his Moderatorial year) is the Very Reverend Dr Andrew McLellan.

McLellan was appointed commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours.

He was the chairman of what became known as the McLellan Commission into a range of safeguarding initiatives for the Scottish Catholic Church (2013-2015). This commission was announced by Scotland's Catholic Bishops, known as the Bishops' Conference of Scotland, in November 2013; it published its report, the McLellan Report, on 18 August 2015. The commission investigated child sex abuse by Scotland's priests, acknowledging in section 2.1 of the Report that "There is no doubt that abuse of the most serious kind has taken place within the Catholic Church in Scotland", and the Church's responses. Kevin McKenna said in The Observer that the Report was "a whitewash ... So soft and fluffy ... that it should have been delivered with a big pink ribbon tied around it and pictures of Walt Disney characters on its cover". Catherine Deveney had been more supportive, writing in the same newspaper "McLellan had promised a report that was neither timid nor deferential. He delivered it", but adding that repentance and action were now needed, and that the Church's apology would ring hollow until its public words matched their private actions. Catholic weekly The Tablet said the Report was "a masterpiece of its kind that deserves to be studied", and "a vote of no confidence in the Scottish bishops' safeguarding procedures".

In 2017 McLellan was appointed chair of the Scottish Prison Visitor Centre Steering Group.

Footnotes

See also
Church of Scotland
List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons (England and Wales)

External links
Website of HM Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland
Article in The Herald newspaper (Glasgow), 15 April 2008

Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
People associated with Inverclyde
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
British prison inspectors
People educated at Madras College
Year of birth missing (living people)

Andrew McLellan


The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a large number of conspiracy theories and misinformation about where the pandemic started, how serious it is and the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Background

According to the World Health Organization, the pandemic was also an infodemic, with misinformation spreading like disease. This was because social media let information spread quickly, because celebrities sometimes repeated conspiracy theories, and because many people were locked down at home without much else to listen to.  When doctors or government officials went on television to say these conspiracy theories were wrong, that only made people think the conspiracy theories were important enough for doctors and officials to talk about.  One group of scientists said governments could use conspiracy theories to distract people from real problems.

Fake information has been spread through social media, text messages, and mass media, including the state media of countries such as China, Russia, Iran, and Turkmenistan.

It has been spread by celebrities, politicians (including leaders in countries such as the United States, Iran, and Brazil), and other important public figures. Commercial scams have claimed to offer at-home tests and "miracle" cures.

Other claims include that the virus is a bio-weapon with a patented vaccine, a population control scheme, or the result of a spy operation. Many theories say that there is a link between the virus and Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). They believe that the virus escaped from the WIV by accident.

Origins of the virus

One survey by Pew Research showed 29% of Americans who answered thought SARS-CoV-2 could have been made in a lab on purpose and 23% thought it could have been made in a lab by accident.

In early May 2020, United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said there was "enormous evidence" that the virus was from a laboratory in Wuhan. but he said it could have been an accident.  Intelligence officials and virus scientists said it was more likely that the virus had not come from a lab.

A survey of people in the United Kingdom showed many of them thought COVID-19 was caused by 5G wireless networks.

When the leader of Iran, Ayatollah Khamenei, said that he did not want the United States to help his country against coronavirus, he named the idea that Americans had made the virus on purpose to harm Iranians as one of his reasons: "I do not know how real this accusation is but when it exists, who in their right mind would trust you to bring them medication?"

Scientific studies on the origins of the virus

On March 17, 2020, scientists from Columbia University and other places published a paper in Nature Medicine showing that SARS-CoV-2 was almost surely not made by humans in a laboratory.  They did this by comparing the genomes of different viruses to each other. The scientists saw that SARS-CoV-2 did not match any of the viral backbones that already exist for virologists to use. Within a few weeks, this became one of the most cited scientific papers in history, meaning other scientists were reading it and using its information.

References

COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 misinformation


Giuseppe Aprile (28 October 1731 – 11 January 1813) was an Italian castrato singer and music teacher. He was also known as 'Sciroletto' or 'Scirolino'.

Aprile was born in Martina Franca. After studying with Gregorio Sciroli, composer and singing instructor, in Naples, he began his singing career in 1752 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples. He then  began a great career, performing in prominent theatres throughout Italy, Germany, and even Madrid. His voice could reach E5. He withdrew from the stage in 1785 and became a singing instructor in Naples. Domenico Cimarosa, Michael Kelly and Emma, Lady Hamilton were among his pupils.  He wrote a popular book on singing instruction, The Italian Method of Singing, with 36 Solfeggi (1791).

Operatic roles
Euribate in Ifigenia in Aulide by Niccolò Jommelli and Tommaso Traetta (Naples, 1752)
Edelberto in Ricimero re de' Goti by Baldassare Galuppi (Naples, 1753)
Publio Cornelio Scipione in Livia Claudia Vestale by Niccolò Conforto (Rome, 1755)
Pompeo in Pompeo magno in Armenia by Francesco Saverio Garzia (Rome, 1755)
Cesare in Catone in Utica by Francesco Poncini (Parma, 1756)
Giasone in Issipile by Baldassare Galuppi (Parma, 1756)
Demetrio in the anonymous Antigono (Lucca, 1756)
Timante in Demofoonte by Antonio Gaetano Pampani (Rome, 1757)
Ezio in Ezio by Tommaso Traetta (Rome, 1757)
Aminta in Il re pastore by Antonio Mazzoni (Bologna, 1757)
Linceo in the anonymous Ipermestra (Venice, 1757)
Enea in Didone abbandonata by Tommaso Traetta (Venice, 1757)
Ciro in Ciro riconosciuto by Niccolò Jommelli (Mantua, 1758)
Timante in Demofoonte by Tommaso Traetta (Mantua, 1758)
Sesto in La clemenza di Tito by Giuseppe Scarlatti (Venice, 1760)
Cosrovio in Gianguir by Vincenzo Ciampi (Venice, 1760)
Castore in I tindaridi by Tommaso Traetta (Parma, 1760)
Alceste in Demetrio by Baldassare Galuppi (Padua, 1761)
Tiridate in Zenobia by Giovanni Battista Pescetti (Padua, 1761)
Megacle in L'Olimpiade of Niccolò Jommelli (Stuttgart, 1761)
Alceste in Demetrio by Giuseppe Ponzo (Turin, 1762)
Achille in Ifigenia in Aulide by Ferdinando Bertoni (Turin, 1762)
Enea in Didone abbadonata by Niccolò Jommelli (Stuttgart, 1763)
Timante in Demofoonte by Niccolò Jommelli (Stuttgart, 1764)
Motezuma in Motezuma by Gian Francesco de Majo (Turin, 1765)
Megacle in L'Olimpiade by Johann Adolf Hasse (Turin, 1765)
Aminta in Il re pastore by Niccolò Piccinni (Naples, 1765)
Euriso in Creso by Antonio Sacchini (Naples, 1765)
Teseo in the pasticcio Arianna e Teseo (Palermo, 1766)
Fetonte in Fetonte by Niccolò Jommelli (Stuttgart, 1768)
Gandarte in Nicoraste by Antonio Sacchini (Venice, 1769)
Giulio Cesare in Cesare in Egitto by Niccolò Piccinni (Milan, 1770)
Enea in Didone abbandonata by Ignazio Celoniat (Milan, 1770)
Rinaldo in Armida abbandonata by Niccolò Jommelli (Naples, 1770; Florence, 1775)
Demetrio in Antigono by Pasquale Cafaro (Naples, 1770)
Timante in Demofoonte by Niccolò Jommelli (Naples, 1770)
Eumene in Eumene by Gian Francesco de Majo (Naples, 1771)
Perseo in Andromeda by Giuseppe Colla (Turin, 1772)
Maometto in Tamas Kouli-Kan nell'Indie by Gaetano Pugnani (Turin, 1772)
Sesto in La clemenza di Tito by Pasquale Anfossi (Naples, 1772)
Achille in Achille in Sciro by Antonio Amicone (Naples, 1772)
Titano in Cerere placata by Niccolò Jommelli (Naples, 1772)
Linceo in Ipermestra by Niccolò Piccinni (Naples, 1772)
Teseo in Arianna e Teseo by Giacomo Insanguine (Naples, 1773)
Alceste in the pasticcio Demetrio (Florence, 1774)
Maometto in Tamas Kouli-Kan nell'Indie by Pietro Guglielmi (Florence, 1774)
Vologeso in Vologeso re de' Parti by Giovanni Marco Rutini (Florence, 1775)
Marco Antonio in Cleopatra by Carlo Monza (Turin, 1776)
Sicotenal in Sicotenal by Giovanni Marco Rutini (Turin, 1776)
Telemaco in Calipso by Bernardino Ottani (Turin, 1777)
Gengis-Kan in Gengis-Kan by Pasquale Anfossi (Turin, 1777)
Euriso in Creso re di Lidia by Giovanni Battista Borghi (Florence, 1777)
Enea in Enea nel Lazio by Antonio Burroni (Rome, 1778)
Megacle in L'Olimpiade by Pasquale Anfossi (Rome, Perugia, and Treviso, 1778)
Arsace in Medonte, re di Epiro by Giuseppe Sarti (Perugia, 1778; Florence, 1779)
Cleomene in Erifile by Francesco Bianchi (Florence, 1779)
Selimo in the pasticcio Il Solimano (Florence, 1779)
Tarsile in La Calliroe by Josef Mysliveček (Pisa, 1779)
Annio in the pasticcio Cajo Mario (Pisa, 1779)
Annio in Cajo Mario by Domenico Cimarosa (Rome, 1780)
Tito in Tito nelle Gallie by Pasquale Anfossi (Rome, 1780)

Source:  Claudio Sartori.  I libretti italiani a stampa dalle origini al 1800.  Cuneo, 1992–1994.

References

External links

1731 births
1813 deaths
Castrati
People from Martina Franca
18th-century Italian male opera singers
Voice teachers

Giuseppe Aprile


is a Japanese horror/dark fantasy film.  It is a spin-off of the Teito Monogatari franchise.  It is not based on the original novel, but rather adapted from a side story novel, Karakuri Doshi (which occurs in contemporary times).  Like the animated adaptation which preceded it, the film is much darker, more violent and sexualized than its predecessors, and deviates greatly from its source material.  It was released through V-Cinema in 1995.

The film was advertised as being a direct sequel to Tokyo: The Last War going so far as to include a silhouette of actor Kyusaku Shimada in many of the promotional materials.  However the movie was produced by a completely different studio and worked on by a different creative staff from the Toho distributed adaptations.

Synopsis
In 1995, a mental hospital is erected near the Japanese Ministry of Finance, located adjacent to the grave of Taira no Masakado.  A young male nurse by the name of Jin'ya Yanase is obsessed with the legend of Taira no Masakado and more importantly, the spirit of his evil subordinate Yasunori Kato.  Slowly, he becomes possessed by Kato's spirit, who wants to use him as a new host to revive in the modern world.  Keiko Tatsumiya (the heroine of the original story), is an old woman living homeless on the streets of Tokyo.  When she senses the presence of Yasunori Kato, she must regain her resolve to face the demon-god and vanquish his spirit once and for all.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Teito Monogatari Gaiden at Japanese Horror Movie Database

1995 films
Japanese dark fantasy films
Japanese epic films
Films based on Japanese novels
Japanese fantasy adventure films
1990s Japanese-language films
Japanese science fiction horror films
Jidaigeki films
Tokusatsu films
1990s Japanese films

Teito Monogatari Gaiden


Rudolf Gottfried Arndt (31 March 1835 – 29 January 1900) was a German psychiatrist from Bialken, district of Marienwerder.

Biography
Arndt studied in Greifswald and Halle. As a student, his instructors included Felix von Niemeyer (1820–1871), Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben (1819–1895), and Heinrich Philipp August Damerow (1798–1866). He was conferred doctor of medicine on 20 February 1860. From 1861 he maintained a private practice, and also participated in the Second Schleswig War (1864), Austro-Prussian War (1866) and Franco-Prussian War (1870–71).

In 1867 he obtained his habilitation, subsequently serving as director of the Irren-Heil- und Pflege-Anstalt in Greifswald. In 1873 he became an associate professor of psychiatry at Greifswald. He died of angina pectoris.

He is known today for the "Arndt-Schulz rule", a pharmacologic principle of homeopathy that is named in conjunction with German chemist Hugo Schulz (1853-1932). He is also remembered for his investigations of neurasthenia.

Awards and decorations
 Order of the Crown, 4th class with Swords (Prussia, 1866)
 Iron Cross of 1870, 2nd class on white-black band (Prussia, 1871)
 Knight's Cross, First Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (Baden)

Selected writings
 Aus einem apoplectischen Gehirn, 1878 - On the apoplectic brain.
 Die Neurasthenie (Nervenschwäche), ihr Wesen, ihre Bedeutung und Behandlung, 1885 - Neurasthenia (nerve weakness), its nature, its meaning and treatment.
 Der Verlauf der Psychosen, 1887 (with August Dohm) - The course of psychosis.
 Was sind Geisteskrankheiten?, 1897 - What is mental illness?

See also
 Arndt-Schulz rule

References

1835 births
1900 deaths
People from Kwidzyn County
Physicians from the Province of Prussia
German psychiatrists
German military doctors
University of Greifswald alumni
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Prussian people of the Austro-Prussian War
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class
Deaths from angina pectoris

Rudolf Arndt


Malcolm Alexander MacLean (August 14, 1844 – April 4, 1895) was the first mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, serving from 1886 to 1887.

Early life
MacLean was born in 1844 to Allan and Jane McPhadden married 8 Mar 1820 [GROS Data OPR 551/1 -2]  in Cornaigbeg Tiree, Scotland. Around 1848, the family relocated to Victoria County in Ops Township, Upper Canada, where MacLean was educated and later became a teacher. As he taught over three years, MacLean saved money with the goal of becoming a doctor; instead, after his brother's lumber company failed, his money ended up paying off business debts. MacLean then attended Eastman's National Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York, and after graduating worked in New York City for Cunard Steamship Company.

In the 1860s, MacLean returned to Canada, opening a general store in Oshawa, Ontario. He married Margaret Anne Cattanach on 5 January 1869, and the couple soon moved to Dundas, where MacLean ran another general store. His marriage into the Cattanach family quickly expanded MacLean's horizons; after his sister-in-law, Jessie and her husband Arthur Ross relocated to Winnipeg, MacLean followed suit in 1878.

There in Winnipeg, MacLean first began working as a commission-merchant, then soon joined Ross in the real estate business, amassing a fortune after the 1881–82 real estate boom. Unfortunately, a depression soon followed, causing MacLean to quit his business and move his family further west to a farm in the Qu'Appelle valley.

It is possible that MacLean served in the North-West Rebellion in 1885.

Later the same year, MacLean travelled to San Francisco. Originally en route to Honolulu with plans to enter Hawaii's sugar beet industry, he instead continued to Granville, today known as Vancouver. (Arthur Ross already was familiar with Granville, having recommended the town to serve as the western end of the Canadian Pacific Railway.) MacLean arrived in Granville at the start of 1886; within a month, MacLean found himself with a job running Ross' real estate office while Ross was away in Ottawa serving as an MP for Lisgar, and within half a year MacLean was operating his own real estate firm.

Politics
In addition to his real estate business, MacLean began to pursue politics almost immediately after arriving in Granville. In February 1886, he worked to petition the provincial legislature to incorporate and rename the town, and as a result, on April 6, the city of Vancouver was formed.

Mayoralty
A mayoral election for the newly formed city was held on 3 May 1886. The race was extremely close: MacLean's opponent, Richard H. Alexander, was favored to win due to his support from the long-established elite, as Alexander had arrived in British Columbia during the colonial days. MacLean, though, pulled support largely from three groups: other newly arrived Manitobans and Ontarians (whom Alexander had dismissed as "North American Chinamen"); workers at Hastings sawmill involved in a labour dispute against Alexander, the mill's owner, who had pledged to hire Chinese workers to replace striking white workers; and the Knights of Labor, also driven by anti-Chinese sentiment. MacLean won the election with 242 votes against Alexander's 225—a difference of just seventeen votes—and on 25 May, MacLean was made Justice of the Peace.

Days later, supporters of Alexander (including later mayor David Oppenheimer) officially petitioned Victoria, claiming that at least 100 ballots had been cast illegally; fifty years later, backers of MacLean confirmed in interviews that many had voted illegally, including "houseboat tenants" and "itinerant hotel guests."

The voting scandal was quickly forgotten in the wake of the Great Vancouver Fire on 13 June 1886. Following the inferno, MacLean and his council members successfully convinced Governor General Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne to give the military reserve in Burrard Inlet to the city, which became Stanley Park. In December 1886, MacLean was re-elected mayor, having run on a platform to extend the franchise and to restrict the property rights of the city's ethnic Chinese residents.

MacLean was greatly focused on the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, calling it "the placing of the keystone in the arch of confederation;" after three months of unofficial use, the first official train arrived in Vancouver on 23 May 1887. Later that year, the Vancouver Board of Trade was formed, and MacLean presided over its inaugural meeting. By 1888, MacLean claimed credit for improvements around Vancouver such as the clearing and grading of streets and the construction of vital infrastructure.

Post-mayoralty
After his service as mayor, MacLean was appointed police magistrate of the city and continued in that position until 1890. In 1893, he was appointed a special commissioner of immigration in the United States by the Canadian government; while abroad he presented lectures on the opportunities presented in western Canada. In 1895, he was appointed stipendary magistrate for the district of Vancouver.

Personal life
Due to his early white hair and personality, MacLean was sometimes known as "Squire MacLean." He was fluent in Scottish Gaelic and organised the St Andrew's and Caledonian Society of Vancouver in 1886. He was an avid promoter of British Columbia and Canada, penning articles praising them for the Scottish American and British periodicals.

Death
MacLean died in 1895 at the age of 50. He was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver, where several other past mayors are also at rest.

References

 City of Vancouver Mountainview Cemetery Walking tour

Mayors of Vancouver
1842 births
1895 deaths
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Vancouver)
Scottish politicians
Scottish emigrants to Canada
19th-century Canadian politicians
Canadian magistrates

Malcolm Alexander MacLean


"Troublemaker" is a song by Olly Murs. He also wrote the song. It was released on October 12, 2012. The song features Flo Rida. "Troublemaker" was a major commercial success. It was a success across the United Kingdom and the United States. It also served as the closing song at Murs's 2013 arena tour.

2012 songs
Flo Rida songs
Olly Murs songs
Pop songs
Soul music

Troublemaker (Olly Murs song)


Suhas V. Patankar (born 22 February 1941) is an Indian mechanical engineer. He is a pioneer in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Finite volume method. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota. He is also president of Innovative Research, Inc. Patankar was born in Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Early life and education
Patankar received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1962 from the College of Engineering, Pune, which is affiliated to the University of Pune and his Master of Technology degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1964. In 1967 he received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Imperial College, University of London.

Career
Patankar's most important contribution to the field of CFD is the SIMPLE algorithm that he developed along with his colleagues at Imperial College. Patankar is the author of a book in computational fluid dynamics titled Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow which was first published in 1980. This book has since been considered one of the groundbreaking contributions to computational fluid dynamics due to its emphasis on physical understanding and insight into the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. He is also one of  the most cited authors in science and engineering.

References

1941 births
Living people
American mechanical engineers
Indian mechanical engineers
Computational fluid dynamicists
Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni
Alumni of Imperial College London
IIT Bombay alumni
Scientists from Pune
20th-century Indian engineers
20th-century Indian physicists
Indian fluid dynamicists

Suhas Patankar


William Pars  (28 February 1742 – 1782) was an English watercolour portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and illustrator.

Life and works

Pars was born in London, the son of a metal engraver. He studied at "Shipley's Drawing School" (in the Strand), St. Martin's Lane Academy, and also in the Duke of Richmond's Gallery. In 1761, at the age of 17, he exhibited a portrait and miniatures at the Incorporated Society of Artists, and became a member of the Free Society of Artists in 1763. In 1764, he obtained the Society of Arts' medal for an historical painting.

In June 1764, he was selected by the Dilettanti Society to accompany, as draughtsman, Richard Chandler and Nicholas Revett to Greece. The result was published in Ionian Antiquities (4 volumes) which was illustrated from Pars's drawings.

Pars returned to England on 2 December 1766, and soon after accompanied Henry Temple, 2nd Viscount Palmerston, to the continent, making drawings in Switzerland, the Tyrol, and Rome. In 1769, he contributed seven views from Greece to the first exhibition of the Royal Academy. He was elected an associate in 1770, and in the following year, he sent eight European views, chiefly of Switzerland and the Tyrol, together with one portrait. He contributed regularly (chiefly portraits) to the academy exhibitions till 1776.

In the summer of 1775, he travelled to Rome on a bursary of the Dilettanti Society, where artists such as John Warwick Smith, Francis Towne (a friend of Pars, who took some instruction in drawing from him) John Robert Cozens, and Thomas Jones were working. He remained there till the autumn of 1782, when he died of pleurisy (his wife having died in the city in June 1778).

A selection of Pars' Greek drawings was engraved by William Byrne for the Dilettanti Society; five of his Swiss drawings, including the Mer de Glace, were engraved by William Woollett; and several other drawings were aquatinted by Paul Sandby.

Pars' elder brother Henry Pars (1734–1806) was a draughtsman and metal engraver, becoming the principal of Shipley's Drawing School. His sister Anne showed some talent as a pastellist, as well.

See also
James Stuart (1713–1788) – like Pars, he also recorded antiquities in Greece and accompanied Nicholas Revett on tours.

References

External links

 William Pars online (ArtCyclopedia)
 Biography (handprint.com - scroll down page)
 Biography and works ("History of Art")
 William Pars, A Sepulchral Monument at Mylasa
 St Peter's Rome (1770s Watercolour - V&A)
 Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections
 William Pars. Works

18th-century English painters
English male painters
English portrait painters
English watercolourists
English illustrators
Landscape artists
1742 births
1782 deaths
Associates of the Royal Academy
18th-century English male artists

William Pars


The Miraš (, ) open-cast coal mines are lignite coal mines in Kosovo operated by the Kosovo Energy Corporation (KEK).

Production
The two mines cover a working surface area of  and, if all the external dump sites from 1956-1991 are included, the mine will cover a total surface area of .

Coal extraction has been developed in two coal mines, with a projected output target of 16.7 million tons of coal per year, not including the removal of 28 million cubic meters of overburden. The coal is mined by using a rotor excavator and transportation to the generating plants ("Kosovo A" and "Kosovo B") is on conveyor belts. Until the end of 1998, 226,260,825 tons of coal had been mined in Kosovo, representing 1.58% of the estimated geological deposits and 1.96% of the total exploitable reserves.

The projected production of this coal mine has been set at 8.6 million tons per year for coal, and 14 million m3 per year for overburden. In order to reach this target the equipment in the mines includes 11 bucket wheel excavators linked to automatic conveyor belt systems and four stacker spreaders. This same equipment has been in operation for the past 15–37 years.

Separation
Coal processing needs for KEK are carried out in two locations, close to two power plants "Kosovo A" and "Kosovo B". The separation plant in "Kosovo A" is spread out due to the various progressive phases of developments that have occurred, and is made up of the following facilities:

Separation "Kaltërt" ("Blue"), with annual capacity of 10 million tons
Grind Mill "Bardhi B", annual capacity of 5 million tons
Separation "Bardhi A", annual capacity of 5.5 million tons
Separation to sort Miraš, annual capacity of 2.4 million tons
Classic separation of Miraš, annual capacity of 3 million tons

Close to the "Kosovo B" power plant, there is a grinding mill and a warehouse specifically used for the needs of this power plant with an annual capacity of 6.5 million tons.

Drying Plant
This plant, used for the drying of wet coal, consists of two buildings:
Drying Plant I, in operation since 1964
Drying Plant II, in operation since 1972

The capacity of both drying plants is sufficient for processing 1,200,000 tons of wet coal per year to produce 610,000 tons of dried coal. The original buildings are still being used despite the fact that they are 27–35 years old.

See also
 Coal in Kosovo
 Natural resources of Kosovo

References

External links
 Kosovo Energy Corporation (Official website)

Coal mines in Kosovo
Surface mines in Kosovo

Miraš open-cast coal mine


The Case Corporation was a manufacturer of agricultural machinery and construction equipment. Founded, in 1842, by Jerome Increase Case as the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, it operated under that name for most of a century. For another 66 years it was the J. I. Case Company, and was often called simply Case. In the late 19th century, Case was one of America's largest builders of steam engines, producing self-propelled portable engines, traction engines and steam tractors. It was a major producer of threshing machines and other harvesting equipment. The company also produced various machinery for the U.S. military (combat engineer equipment for the USMC, full-tracked tractors and scoop loaders for the U.S. Army, etc.). In the 20th century, Case was among the ten largest builders of farm tractors for many years. In the 1950s its construction equipment line became its primary focus, with agricultural business second.

Case's corporate entities and brands changed repeatedly in the 1980s and 1990s. When its corporate parent, Tenneco, bought International Harvester's agricultural equipment division and merged it into Case, the J. I. Case Company continued, but it began using the Case IH brand. In the 1990s it changed names several more times (each name including "Case") before its merger into CNH Global ended its history as a distinct entity. Various CNH brands continue to make use of the Case name, such as Case CE and Case IH.

Name details
Founded by Jerome I. Case in 1842 as the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, the company operated under that name for most of a century, until 1928. In some of its advertisements the name was styled J. I. Case T. M. Co. for short. Another business founded by Jerome I. Case, the J. I. Case Plow Works, was an independent business. When the Plow Works was bought by Massey-Harris in 1928, the latter sold the name rights to the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company, which reincorporated as the J. I. Case Company. That company, which became majority-owned by Tenneco in 1967 and a wholly owned subsidiary in 1970, was often called by the simple brand name Case.

In 1984, Tenneco bought International Harvester's agricultural equipment division and merged it into Case, and the farm equipment brands were combined as Case IH, although the corporation legally remained the J. I. Case Company. It continued as such until 1994, when Tenneco divested it as the Case Equipment Corporation. Case Equipment became Case Corporation and later Case LLC.

In 1999, Case LLC merged with New Holland Agriculture to form CNH Global, a Fiat Group division, which has since been demerged into a corporation that is majority-owned by Fiat Industrial. The name Case lives on in two CNH brands: Case CE (from "Construction Equipment"), which is the world's third largest brand of construction equipment, and Case IH, which is the world's second largest brand of agricultural equipment.

History

Founder

Jerome Increase Case (1819–1891) was born to a farming family in Williamstown, New York.  As a young child, Case read about a machine that could cut wheat without people needing to use their hands. He developed an interest in agriculture at that point.

Case took small, hand-powered threshing machines to Wisconsin in 1842, where he improved the design and established a company to manufacture them. In 1843, Case moved the business to Racine, Wisconsin, in order to have better access to water power, and opened the Racine Threshing Machine Works. In 1863, Case partnered with three of his top employees, Massena Erskine, Robert Baker and Stephen Bull. Case was also involved in politics and horseracing. Over time, the company grew.

Competition in the farm business

J. I. Case introduced an eagle logo for the first time in 1865 based on Old Abe, a Wisconsin Civil War Regiment's mascot. Case constructed his first portable steam engine in 1869, an engine used to power wheat threshers. This engine is in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C. Case won first place at the 1878 Paris Exposition in France for his thresher. This was the first thresher sent abroad by the Case company and was the first of thousands which would later be exported internationally. It is at this time that Case created his first self-propelled traction engine, with a drive mechanism on one of his portable engines.

Meanwhile, in 1871 the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the McCormick factory. Despite Case's offer to help McCormick with the manufacturing of their machines, McCormick Company refused the offer and a new facility, called the McCormick Works was built, in southwest Chicago. The McCormick company introduced the first of many twine binder machines in 1881, leading to the so-called "Harvester Wars" that gained the attention of the farm industry during the 1880s.

In 1884, Case made a visit to a farm named after him in Minnesota upon receiving news that one of his thresher machines was not working. Infuriated by the fact that he could not fix the machine himself, he set it ablaze the next day, and sent the owner a brand new thresher machine upon return to Wisconsin.

In 1890, the Case Company expanded to South America, opening a factory in Argentina. In 1891, the company's founder died. By this time the Case company produced portable steam engines to power the threshing machines, and later went into the steam traction engine business. By the start of the 20th century, Case was the most prolific North American builder of engines. These engines ranged in size from the diminutive 9 HP, to the standard 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 65 HP and up to the plowing 75 and 80 HP sizes. Case also made the large 110 HP breaking engines with its notable two-story cab. Nine massive 150 HP hauling engines were made, in addition to steam rollers. Case engines were noted for their use of Woolf valve gear, feedwater heaters, and the iconic "eagle" smokebox covers. Case had built a total of 36,000 steamers by the time it switched to gas tractors in 1927.

By 1902, five major American agricultural manufacturing companies decided that a consolidation was needed, and so the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, the Deering Harvester Company, the Plano Manufacturing Company and two others merged their companies, rebranding the new company conglomerate as International Harvester Company, which became one of the giants of industry.

Internal combustion tractors
By 1895, the Case Company had begun to produce gasoline engines. By 1899, the Case Company entered the Russian market.

In 1904, Case introduced the first all-steel thresher machine. Case sold their first gasoline tractor that year, and established a continuous presence in Europe when the company won the first place in a plowing contest held in the so-called "old continent". Case at this time developed a wide line of products: threshers, binders, graders, water tanks, plows, buggies, and even automobiles.

The advent of oil engines by the start of the 20th century, suggested a change on the horizon. From Froelich's first tractors to Hart-Parr products, oil tractors seemed the way ahead. Case hired Joe Jagersberger, and he tested a motor by racing in the 1911 Indianapolis 500.  Case began production of the 30-60 oil engine in 1912. Case also produced kerosene tractors in the teen years, similar to the Rumely oil pulls. During World War I, Case's sales and demand grew dramatically in Europe. These increases were directly connected to the war; as many farm laborers became soldiers, each remaining farmer needed to become more productive, and machinery was the way to make this happen.

In 1919, John Deere entered the harvester business, and International Harvester's reply to their new competition was to purchase P&O Plowing of Canton, Illinois, and the Chattanooga Plowing company of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Henry Ford also entered the tractor business with his Fordson Tractor produced at the massive Rouge River plant. An economic downturn during the early 1920s dampened tractor sales; price-cutting to stimulate demand sparked a price war in the tractor industry (called the tractor war). Ford, with a massive advantage in manufacturing capacity and distribution, had the upper hand, producing an estimated 73 percent of all American tractors, with IHC in a far away second place at nine percent, and several other companies sharing the rest of the percentages. In 1923, the IHC Farmall entered the agricultural industry, and Ford's stranglehold began to slip. That same year also, the 100,000th thresher machine produced by Case made its way out of the assembly line, marking an important milestone for the Case company.

In 1927 the J. I. Case Company ceased building its legendary steam engines. Case steam engines, of which over 30,000 were produced, were painted in black with green machinery, while the gas tractors were painted grey. In 1939, Case changed its color scheme to Flambeau Red, with the excavators being a ruddy yellow. By 1929, Case had expanded to Australia, Mexico, Sweden, and other countries. Also that year, the J. I. Case Company produced its first crawler tractor. S and V tractors were introduced in 1940.

Automobile production
Automobiles produced by Case during the period 1911-1925/1927 include: the Case Jay-Eye-See Brougham (named for Case's horse) and Case Touring-Y.

Work in the Second World War
Case evolved as World War II arrived by becoming involved in the manufacturing of shells for the United States and allied forces military, as well as airplane parts for the B-26s, bombs, and doors for the Sherman Tank. Three new plants were opened across the United States during that year, and, in 1942, the company produced its first self-propelled combine. That same year, Case released the company's first cotton picker, which is currently preserved by the Smithsonian society. A protracted 440-day strike in Wisconsin of the Case factory weakened the company.

For the next 31 years, the company went through more globalization, becoming a well-known company in the agricultural markets of Australia, Japan, and other places. Many other companies joined Case during this period.

Modern mergers
In 1957, Case bought out the American Tractor Corporation (ATC). ATC was founded in 1950 and was a producer of small crawler tractors. Their production of dozers (marketed as Terradozers) and development of an integrated backhoe was of particular interest to Case. Case dropped the ATC name in 1959 only retaining the Terratrac name for the drive trains. This led to a hybrid tractor being rolled out of the Burlington Plant in 1957. This model, the 320 Construction King, would become synonymous in the United States to the name backhoe loader. Since then Case has released other models such as the T-Series which includes the 580T, 580ST, 590ST and 695ST. In 1998, a jury awarded a construction worker over $17million in damages after a defect in the design of the 580 backhoe led to him being crushed and being paralyzed from the waist down while operating the machine.

In 1961, Case Corporation signed a deal with RyCSA and Metalúrgica Tandil (in Buenos Aires), to make Case tractors and agricultural implements under licence in Argentina. The models built were the 830 and the 831, made until 1964 when RyCSA closed down.

1964 brought the acquisition of Colt Garden Tractors. This was the first garden tractor powered by 'Hy-Drive", a form of hydraulic propulsion that allowed for various heavy duty attachments and eliminated the need for transaxle drive belts. The Kern County Land Company, using oil money, bought the Case Company. In turn Kern County sold Case to Tenneco Company of Texas.

In 1972, Case bought the British tractor builder David Brown Ltd. In 1974, Case acquired most of the French construction equipment firm, Poclain.

In 1983, during purchase of International Harvester assets, Case sold its garden tractor division to Ingersoll Power Equipment. Ingersoll tractors would continue to carry the Case brand name until 1987.

In 1984, Case parent Tenneco bought selected assets of the International Harvester agriculture division and merged it with J. I. Case.  All agriculture products are first labeled Case International and later Case IH. They used the 94 Series Case Utility, two- and four wheel drives for Case IH's first tractor together as a company. The first tractor developed by the new corporation was the Magnum. Introduced in 1987, the Magnum began production and the 94 series line was dropped.

When Case IH bought out Steiger in 1986 they also continued the Steiger branding, and still do today.

In 1996, Austrian tractor builder Steyr Tractor was purchased.

The Case Corporation joined with New Holland N.V. to become CNH (Case-New Holland), now CNH Industrial, in November 1999. Because of the merger, CNH was forced to release its production plants in Doncaster, England and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Doncaster site was bought by the ARGO-group, owner of tractor builder Landini, and brought back the McCormick brand. The plant in Winnipeg was taken over by the Buhler family to start Buhler Tractors.

In Europe the merger with New Holland (including the former Fordson and Fiat tractor lines) was the success Case IH expected. In 2006, Case IH came with a plan to bring back the "International" feel to their products. They brought back the old International Harvester logo, and made more technical difference between the two brands. Montgomery Design International redid the industrial design and styling of the MAGNUM and several other new Case IH products as well as the New Holland "Cat's Eye" styling on all New Holland tractors and the revised Steyr tractor styling. These styling themes continue to this day.

See also
 List of tractor manufacturers
 John I. Beggs

References

Further reading
 Erb, Dave, Eldon Brumbaugh, and J. I. Case Company (1993). Full Steam Ahead: J. I. Case Tractors & Equipment 1842–1955. St. Joseph, Michigan: American Society of Agricultural Engineers. .
 Stonehouse, Tom, and Eldon Brumbaugh (1996). J. I. Case Agricultural & Construction Equipment 1956–1994, Vol. 2. St. Joseph, Michigan: American Society of Agricultural Engineers. .
 Wendel, Charles H. (2004). Encyclopedia of American Farm Implements & Antiques. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. .

External links

 Case IH company web site
 parent group official web site

CNH Industrial
Defunct companies based in Wisconsin
Tractor manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Wisconsin
Companies based in Racine, Wisconsin
Diesel engine manufacturers
American companies established in 1842
Manufacturing companies established in 1842
1842 establishments in Wisconsin Territory

Case Corporation


The lunar south pole is the southernmost point on the Moon. It is of interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. The lunar south pole region features craters that are unique in that the near-constant sunlight does not reach their interior. Such craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of hydrogen, water ice, and other volatiles dating from the early Solar System. In contrast, the lunar north pole region exhibits a much lower quantity of similarly sheltered craters.

Geography

The lunar south pole is located on the center of the polar Antarctic Circle (80°S to 90°S). (The axis spin is 88.5 degrees from the plane of the elliptic.) The lunar south pole has shifted 5 degrees from its original position billions of years ago. This shift has changed the rotational axis of the Moon, allowing sunlight to reach previously shadowed areas, but the south pole still features some completely shadowed areas. Conversely, the pole also contains areas with permanent exposure to sunlight. The south pole region features many craters and basins such as the South Pole–Aitken basin, which appears to be one of the most fundamental features of the Moon, and mountains, such as Epsilon Peak at 9.050 km, taller than any mountain found on Earth. The south pole temperature averages at approximately .

Craters

The pole defined by the rotational axis of the Moon lies within Shackleton Crater. Notable craters nearest to the lunar south pole include de Gerlache, Sverdrup, Shoemaker, Faustini, Haworth, Nobile, and Cabeus.

Discoveries

Illumination

The lunar south pole features a region with crater rims exposed to near-constant solar illumination, yet the interior of the craters are permanently shaded from sunlight. The area's illumination was studied using high-resolution digital models produced from data by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The lunar surface can also reflect solar wind as energetic neutral atoms. On average, 16% of these atoms have been protons that vary based on location. These atoms have created an integral flux of backscattered hydrogen atoms due to the reflected amount of plasma that exists on the surface of the Moon. They also reveal the line boundary and the magnetic dynamics within the regions of these neutral atoms on the Moon' surface.

Cold traps

Cold traps are some of the important places on the lunar south pole region in terms of possible water ice and other volatile deposits. Cold traps can contain water and ice that were originally from comets, meteorites and solar wind-induced iron reduction. From experiments and sample readings, scientists were able to confirm that cold traps do contain ice. Hydroxyl has also been found in these cold traps. The discovery of these two compounds has led to the funding of missions focusing primarily on the lunar poles using global-scale infrared detection. The ice stays in these traps because of the thermal behavior of the Moon that are controlled by thermophysical properties such as scattered sunlight, thermal re-radiation, internal heat and light given off by the Earth.

Magnetic surface

There are areas of the Moon where the crust is magnetized. This is known as a   magnetic anomaly due to the remnants of metal iron that was emplaced by the impactor that formed the South Pole–Aitken basin (SPA basin). However, the concentration of iron that is thought to be in the basin was not present in the mappings, as they could be too deep in the Moon's crust for the mappings to detect. Or the magnetic anomaly is caused by another factor that does not involve metallic properties. The findings were proven inadequate due to the inconsistencies between the maps that were used, and also, they were not able to detect the magnitude of the magnetic fluctuations at the Moon's surface.

Exploration

Missions

Orbiters from several countries have explored the region around the lunar south pole. Extensive studies were conducted by the Lunar Orbiters, Clementine, Lunar Prospector, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Kaguya, and Chandrayaan-1, that discovered the presence of lunar water. NASA's LCROSS mission found a significant amount of water in Cabeus. NASA's LCROSS mission deliberately crashed into the floor of Cabeus and from samples found that it contained nearly 5% water.

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was launched on 18 June 2009 and is still mapping the lunar south pole region. This mission will help scientists see if the lunar south pole region has enough sustainable resources to sustain a permanent crewed station. The LRO carries the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, which investigates the radiation and thermophysical properties of the south pole surface. It can detect reflected solar radiation and internal infrared emissions. The LRO Diviner is able to detect where water ice could be trapped on the surface.

The Moon Impact Probe (MIP) developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), India's national space agency, was a lunar probe that was released by ISRO's Chandrayaan-1 lunar remote sensing orbiter which in turn was launched, on 22 October 2008. The Moon Impact Probe separated from the Moon-orbiting Chandrayaan-1 on 14 November 2008, 20:06 IST and after nearly 25 minutes crashed as planned, near the rim of the crater Shackleton. With this mission India became the first to hard land or impact on the lunar South Pole.

Russia launched its Luna 25 lunar lander on August 10, 2023. Luna-25 spent five days journeying to the Moon, then was circling the natural satellite for another five to seven days. The spacecraft then was planned to be set down in the Moon's south polar region, near the crater Boguslawsky. Luna developed an "emergency situation" that occurred during the reduction of the probe to a pre-landing orbit, the lunar lander abruptly lost communication at 2:57 p.m. (11:57 GMT). Luna 25 is a lander only, with a primary mission of proving the landing technology. The mission was carrying  of scientific instruments, including a robotic arm for soil samples and possible drilling hardware. The launch took place as planned on 10 August 2023 on a Soyuz-2.1b rocket with Fregat upper stage, from Vostochny Cosmodrome.

On August 23, 2023 12:34 UTC, India's Chandrayaan-3 became the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing 600km away from the lunar south pole. The mission consisted of a lander and a rover for carrying out scientific experiments.

Role in future exploration and observations

The lunar south pole region is deemed as a compelling spot for future exploration missions and suitable for a lunar outpost. The permanently shadowed places on the Moon could contain ice and other minerals, which would be vital resources for future explorers. The mountain peaks near the pole are illuminated for large periods of time and could be used to provide solar energy to an outpost. With an outpost on the Moon scientists will be able to analyze water and other volatile samples dating back to the formation of the Solar System.

Scientists used LOLA (Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter), which was a device used by NASA to provide an accurate topographic model of the Moon. With this data locations near the south pole at Connecting Ridge, which connects Shackleton to the crater de Gerlache, were found that yielded sunlight for 92.27–95.65% of the time based on altitude ranging from 2 m above ground to 10 m above ground. At the same spots it was discovered that the longest continuous periods of darkness were only 3 to 5 days.

The lunar south pole is a place where scientists may be able to perform unique astronomical observations of radio waves under 30 MHz. The Chinese Longjiang microsatellites were launched in May 2018 to orbit the Moon, and Longjiang-2 operated in this frequency until 31 July 2019. Before Longjiang-2, no space observatory had been able to observe astronomical radio waves in this frequency because of interference waves from equipment on Earth. The lunar south pole has mountains and basins, such as the south side of Malapert Mountain, that do not face Earth and would be an ideal place to receive such astronomical radio signals from a ground radio observatory.

Resources

Solar power, oxygen, and metals are abundant resources in the south polar region. By locating a lunar resource processing facility near the south pole, solar-generated electrical power will allow for nearly constant operation. Elements known to be present on the lunar surface include, among others, hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn) and titanium (Ti). Among the more abundant are oxygen, iron and silicon. The oxygen content is estimated at 45% (by weight).

Future

Blue Origin is planning a mission to the south polar region in about 2024. The Blue Moon lander derives from the vertical landing technology used in Blue Origin's New Shepard sub-orbital rocket. This would lead to a series of missions landing equipment for a crewed base in a south polar region crater using their Blue Moon lander.

NASA's Artemis program has proposed to land several robotic landers and rovers (CLPS) in preparation for the 2025 Artemis 3 crewed landing at the south polar region.

See also
Colonization of the Moon polar regions
Face on Moon South Pole
Geology of the Moon
Lunar north pole
Lunar resources
Selenography

References

External links

USGS Astrogeology Science Center: Moon

South Pole

Lunar south pole


Rosanna Carteri (14 December 193025 October 2020) was an Italian soprano, primarily active from the 1950s through the mid 1960s. After her debut in Rome at age 19 as Elsa in Wagner's Lohengrin, she appeared in leading roles internationally, based at La Scala in Milan. She participated in world premieres such as the title role of Pizzetti's Ifigenia.

Life and career
Rosanna Carteri was born in Verona and raised in Padua. She studied with Ferrucio Cusinati and started singing in concert at the age of twelve. She won a RAI singing contest in 1948 which led to her operatic debut at the Baths of Caracalla in Rome as Elsa in Wagner's  Lohengrin in 1949, aged only 19. She made her La Scala debut in Milan in 1951 in the title role of Piccinni's La buona figliuola, directed by Giorgio Strehler. She first sang at the Salzburg Festival as Desdemona in Verdi's Otello in 1952, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler, and at the San Francisco Opera as Mimi in Puccini's La bohème in 1954. She repeated the role at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, and returned the following year as Marguerite in Gounod's Faust and as Adina in Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore. Carteri appeared at the Verona Arena as Liu in Puccini's Turandot in 1958, at the Royal Opera House in London in Puccini's La Bohème in 1960, and at the Paris Opera in 1961 as Violetta in Verdi's La traviata.

Carteri made a few recordings for Cetra Soria early in her career, in such operas as Rossini's Guglielmo Tell, La bohème and Puccini's Suor Angelica in 1951. She recorded La traviata for RCA Victor with Cesare Valletti and Leonard Warren, conducted by Pierre Monteux in 1956 in a production from the Rome Opera. She participated in several television productions for RAI such as Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, Otello, and Verdi's Falstaff. She appeared in the title role of Puccini's La rondine in a black-and-white television film in 1958, alongside Giuseppe Gismondo, with orchestra and choir of Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, conducted by Michele Lauro. She was the soprano soloist in a 1961 recording of Poulenc's Gloria, with choir and orchestra of the RTF conducted by Georges Prêtre.

Carteri also participated in the creation of some contemporary works. She performed the title role of Pizzetti's Ifigenia in its premiere performanca as a RAI broadcast 1950, as well as in the first scenic production as part of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 1951. She took part in the premiere of Proserpina e lo straniero by Juan José Castro in 1952, of Ildebrando Pizzetti's  in 1961 and of Il mercante di Venezia by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco also in 1961.

Carteri decided to retire from opera in 1966 at age 36, to devote her time to her family. She was married to Franco Grosoli; the family relocated from Italy to Monte Carlo in the 1970s to protect the children against kidnappings which were rampant at the time.

Carteri died on 25 October 2020 in Monte Carlo at the age of 89.  She was the last surviving performer of the 56 singers interviewed in Lanfranco Rasponi's landmark series of interviews of retired divas, The Last Prima Donnas (1982).

References

Further reading
 Alain Pâris, Dictionnaire des interprètes et de l'interpretation musicale au XX siècle (2 vols), Éditions Robert Laffont (Bouquins, Paris 1982, 4th Edn. 1995, 5th Edn 2004).
 Roland Mancini and Jean-Jacques Rouveroux,  (orig. H. Rosenthal and J. Warrack, French edition), Guide de l'opéra, Les indispensables de la musique (Fayard, 1995).

External links

 Paolo Padoan: Rosanna Carteri / Il fascino di una voce operanostalgia.be

1930 births
2020 deaths
Italian operatic sopranos
Musicians from Padua
20th-century Italian women opera singers

Rosanna Carteri


Felix A. Pappalardi Jr. (December 30, 1939 – April 17, 1983) was an American music producer, songwriter, vocalist, and bassist. He is best known as the bassist and co-lead vocalist of the band Mountain, whose song "Mississippi Queen" peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has become a classic rock radio staple.  Originating in the eclectic music scene in New York's Greenwich Village, he became closely attached to the British power trio Cream, writing, arranging, and producing for their second album Disraeli Gears.  As a producer for Atlantic Records, he worked on several projects with guitarist Leslie West; in 1969 their partnership evolved into the band Mountain.  The band lasted less than five years, but their work influenced the first generation of heavy metal and hard rock music.  Pappalardi continued to work as a producer, session musician, and songwriter until he was shot and killed by his wife Gail Collins in 1983.

Early life
Pappalardi was born in the Bronx, New York City.  from Italian family immigrated from Gravina in Puglia, A classically trained musician, he graduated from New York City's The High School of Music & Art and attended the University of Michigan.

Career
In 1964, Pappalardi was a member of Max Morath's Original Rag Quartet (ORQ) in their premier engagement at New York's Village Vanguard with several other musicians. Along with Pappalardi on guitarrón (Mexican acoustic bass) were pianist-singer Morath, who revived classic ragtime played in the Scott Joplin manner, Barry Kornfeld, a New York studio folk and jazz guitarist, and Jim Tyler, a Baroque and Renaissance lutenist, playing four-string banjo and mandolin. The ORQ then toured the college and concert circuit during the following year, and opened four engagements with the Dinah Shore show in Las Vegas and elsewhere. Pappalardi studied classical music at the University of Michigan. Upon completing his studies and returning to New York, he was unable to find work and so became part of the Greenwich Village folk-music scene where he made a name for himself as a skilled arranger; he also appeared on albums by Tom Paxton as well as Vince Martin and Fred Neil for Elektra Records. From there he moved into record production, initially concentrating on folk and folk-rock acts for artists such as The Youngbloods and Joan Baez.

As a producer, Pappalardi is perhaps best known for his work with Cream, beginning with their second album, Disraeli Gears. He contributed instrumentation for his studio arrangements and he and his wife, Gail Collins, wrote the Cream hit "Strange Brew" with Eric Clapton. He also produced The Youngbloods' first album.

As a musician, Pappalardi is widely recognized as a bassist, vocalist, and founding member of the American hard rock band (and heavy metal forerunner) Mountain, a band born out of his working with future bandmate Leslie West's soul-inspired rock and roll band The Vagrants, and producing West's 1969 Mountain solo album. The band's original incarnation actively recorded and toured between 1969 and 1971. Pappalardi produced the band's albums, and co-wrote and arranged a number of the band's songs with Collins and West.

The band's signature song "Mississippi Queen" is still heard regularly on classic rock radio stations. They also had a hit with the song "Nantucket Sleighride" written by Pappalardi and Collins.

Pappalardi generally played Gibson basses on Mountain's live and studio recordings. He was most often seen with an EB-1 violin bass but there are also photographs of him playing an EB-0 live (likely because they had the same pickup configuration and scale length). Pappalardi obtained his sound by playing Gibson basses with a single Humbucker in the neck through a set of Sunn amplifiers that, he claimed, once belonged to Jimi Hendrix.

Later life and death

Pappalardi was forced to retire because of partial deafness, ostensibly from his high-volume shows with Mountain. He continued producing throughout the 1970s, released a solo album (Don't Worry, Ma) and recorded with Kazuo Takeda's band Creation (who had opened for a reunited Mountain during their 1973 tour of Japan).

In May 1973, the British music magazine NME reported that Pappalardi would be producing and playing bass on Queen of the Night, the debut album for Maggie Bell, former singer of Stone the Crows, but this proved to be false.

He also worked on the NBC show Hot Hero Sandwich in 1979.

Pappalardi was shot and killed by his wife, Gail Collins Pappalardi, on April 17, 1983, in their apartment on the East Side of Manhattan, with a derringer he had given her as a gift a few months previously. She was subsequently charged with second-degree murder and was found guilty of the lesser criminally negligent homicide.

He is interred next to his mother at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City.

Selected discography
For his work with Mountain, see their page.
1976: Creation (in collaboration with the Japanese rock band of the same name)
1979: Don't Worry, Ma

As producer
1967: The Youngbloods – The Youngbloods
1967: Cream – Disraeli Gears
1967: Hamilton Camp – Here's to You
1968: Bo Grumpus – Before the War
1968: Kensington Market – Avenue Road
1968: Cream – Wheels of Fire
1969: Cream – Goodbye
1969: Kensington Market – Aardvark
1969: Leslie West – Mountain
1969: Jack Bruce – Songs for a Tailor
1969: Jolliver Arkansaw – Home
1969: David Rea – Maverick Child
1970: Mountain – Climbing!
1971: Mylon LeFevre, Mylon with Holy Smoke, Columbia C31085
1971: Mountain – Nantucket Sleighride
1971: Mountain – Flowers of Evil
1972: Mountain – Mountain Live: The Road Goes Ever On
1973: Bedlam
1974: Mountain – Twin Peaks
1974: Mountain – Avalanche
1974: Back Door – 8th St Nites
1975: Busta Cherry Jones & Donald Kinsey White Lightnin'''
1975: The Flock – Inside Out1976: Natural Gas – Natural Gas1977: Gasolin' – Killin' Time1977: Jesse Colin Young – Love on the Wing1978: The Dead Boys – We Have Come for Your Children1978: Hot Tuna – Double Dose1981: Kicks – Kicks featuring Marge Raymond – Recorded at RPM Studios, New York
1982: George Flowers & Gary Byrd – The Day That Football Died Other appearances and contributions
1963: Vince Martin and Fred Neil – Tear Down the Walls – guitarrón and backing vocals
1964: Tom Paxton – Ramblin' Boy – guitarrón
1965: Tom Paxton – Ain't That News!  – guitarrón
1966: Buffy Sainte-Marie – Little Wheel Spin and Spin – credited as "instrumental ensemble arranger and conductor" on "Timeless Love"
1966: Ian and Sylvia – Play One More – bass
1966: Ian and Sylvia – The French Girl – credited as "arr. and conducted"
1966: Ian and Sylvia – When I Was A Cowboy – bass
1966: Ian and Sylvia – Short Grass – bass
1966: Ian and Sylvia – Lonely Girls – bass
1967:  Devil's Anvil – Hard Rock From the Middle East – bass, guitar, tambura, percussion and vocals, credited as "arranger and musical director"
1967: Richie Havens – Morning, Morning – credited as  "arranger'
1967: Jackie Washington [Landrón] – Morning Song – credited as "backup ensemble conductor'
1968: Bo Grumpus – Before the War – keyboards, trumpet, bass, guitar, percussion, ocarina
1968: Kensington Market – Avenue Road – vocals on "Aunt Violet's Knee"
1969: Kensington Market – Aardvark – bass, piano, trumpet, organ
1969: Jolliver Arkansaw – Home – keyboards, guitar, ocarina and bass on "Hatred Sun"
1970: Ian and Sylvia – Greatest Hits – bass
1970: Fred Neil – Little Bit of Rain – bass
1971: John Sebastian – The Four of Us – bass on "Apple Hill"
1971: Richard & Mimi Fariña – The Best of Richard & Mimi Fariña – bass
1973: Bedlam – Bedlam – keyboards, credited as songwriter on "Looking Through Love's Eyes (Busy Dreamin')"
1973: Eddie Mottau – No Turning Around – Mellotron, organ, ocarina and trumpet on "Circus Tent" and "Waitin' Out The Winter"
1975: The Flock – Inside Out – backing vocals on "Straight Home"
1977: Jesse Colin Young – Love on the Wing'' – backing vocals and string arrangements on "Drift Away" and "Fool", horn arrangements on "Louisiana Highway"
1981: Kicks – "Kicks featuring Marge Raymond" – backing vocals on "Raceway" and "All Over Again" along with Steven Tyler

References

1939 births
1983 deaths
Musicians from the Bronx
Record producers from New York (state)
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American rock musicians
American people of Italian descent
University of Michigan alumni
Deaths by firearm in Manhattan
Cream (band)
Mountain (band) members
20th-century American musicians
20th-century English musicians
American male guitarists
The High School of Music & Art alumni
Mariticides
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
20th-century American bass guitarists
People murdered in New York City
Male murder victims
20th-century American male musicians

Felix Pappalardi


Karl Ferdinand Ranke (26 May 1802, in Wiehe – 29 March 1876, in Berlin) was a German educator and classical philologist. He was the brother of historian Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886) and theologians Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (1798–1876) and Ernst Constantin Ranke (1815–1888).

He studied theology and philology at the University of Halle, afterwards working as a schoolteacher at the Francke Foundations (Halle). In 1831 he was named director of the gymnasium in Quedlinburg, later transferring to Göttingen as successor to Friedrich August Grotefend as director of its gymnasium. In 1841 he became a professor at the University of Göttingen, and during the following year, was appointed director of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin.

As a director of gymnasiums, he made important contributions towards the educational-methodical reorganization of the Prussian education system. In the field of classical philology, he was the author of significant works on Hesiod, Aristophanes, Xenophon, et al. He also published biographies on classical scholars Karl Otfried Müller (1870) and August Meineke (1871).

Selected works
 "Pollux et Lucianus. Commentatio", (1831).
 Ueber den Ursprung Quedlinburgs. Ein historischer Versuch, etc. (1833) – Origins at Quedlinburg. A historical experiment, etc.
 "De Hesiodi Operibus et diebus commentatio", (1838)
 Hesiodeische Studien, (1840) – Hesiodic studies.
 "De Aristophanis vita commentatio", (1846).
 "De Xenophontis vita et scriptis commentatio", (1851).
 Karl Otfried Müller ein Lebensbild, (1870).
 August Meineke; ein lebensbild, (1871).

References

1802 births
1876 deaths
People from Wiehe
Heads of schools in Germany
German classical philologists
University of Halle alumni
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen

Karl Ferdinand Ranke


Shaun Briscoe (born 23 February 1983) is an English former professional rugby league footballer. An England international representative outside back, he has played club football for the Wigan Warriors, Hull FC, Hull Kingston Rovers, and the Widnes Vikings. Is currently the head coach of the world champion England Physical Disability Rugby League team.

Club career

Wigan Warriors
Briscoe was born in Higher End, in the Wigan area, and grew up in nearby Hindley, and attended Winstanley College. He started his rugby career at Wigan playing for the Academy side before making his first team début for Wigan against Castleford in 2002.

A year later Briscoe was named in Wigan's first team squad for that season. He was the regular full back for Wigan for 3 months in the absence of the injured Kris Radlinski. Briscoe played well making 28 appearances and scoring 11 tries but he was dropped from the squad when Kris Radlinski returned. He was disappointed to have lost his place but said "I'll be fighting for a place, and I can play centre or wing as well. I'm only young and to get so many first team games this season has been an unexpected bonus. I'll continue to train hard and play my best and see how things pan out. If things haven't worked out by the end of next year then I may have to think about going somewhere else, but it would really hurt me to have to leave my home town club."

Many Wigan fans saw Briscoe as the replacement for Radlinski once he retired but due to salary cap restrictions and Shaun's desire to play first team rugby he was released from his Wigan contract and joined Hull F.C. in December 2003.

His biggest achievement though, came in 2004 when he was selected into the Super League dream team ahead of players such as Paul Wellens, Kris Radlinski and Daryl Cardiss

Hull F.C.
Briscoe made an impact at Hull and became their regular first team fullback. He became the first Hull player to score four tries in one match giving Hull their first win at the Bradford Bulls in the Super League. He played an important role in Hull's Challenge Cup run in 2005 but missed the final due to appendicitis. Hull went on to win the match and Briscoe was given a winning medal for being in the squad.

In 2006, he spent part of the season playing on the wing to cover for injuries in the Hull squad. Hull reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St Helens, and Briscoe played at  in his side's 4–26 loss at Old Trafford, putting in a tackle into touch on Ade Gardner, and a tackle to stop Jamie Lyon.

Hull Kingston Rovers
Briscoe signed for Hull Kingston Rovers on a two-year contract in September 2007. He missed out on the England squad for the France game in early 2008 through injury. Again the season Briscoe proved he is one of the most consistent performers in super league, his displays and bravery gained praise from John Kear and Justin Morgan. He made his Hull Kingston Rovers début against Leeds which Hull KR narrowly lost 20–12. However he scored his first try for the Robins a week later at home to St. Helens in a thrilling 24–22 victory. In 2009 he scored his first hat trick for the club in an away 46–28 win at Castleford. Some brilliant performances throughout 2009 made sure that he was England Rugby League full back for Four Nations campaign. Shaun's 50th appearance came on the opening day of the 2010 Super League season, which Rovers won 30–12 against Salford.

Widnes Vikings
Briscoe spent two seasons with Widnes before retiring in 2013.

International career

Briscoe played for England against New Zealand at Brentford in November 2002. He was also selected for the sides to face Fiji and Tonga and made three appearances.

In 2003 he was selected for England A to play against Australia and play in the European Nations Cup. He won the Jean Galia Medal as man of the match in the final.

He was named in the England team to face Wales at the Keepmoat Stadium, Doncaster, prior to England's departure for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.

He was selected to play for England against France in the one-off test in 2010.

Honours
Shaun Briscoe won caps for England while at Hull in 2004 against Russia, France and Ireland (sub); while at Hull Kingston Rovers in 2008 against Wales; in 2009 against France, and in the 2009 Rugby League Four Nations against France, Australia, New Zealand and Australia.

References

External links
Shaun Briscoe Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com
 (archived by web.archive.org) Stats → PastPlayers → B at hullfc.com
 (archived by web.archive.org) Statistics at hullfc.com

1983 births
Living people
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league players
Hull F.C. players
Hull Kingston Rovers players
People from Higher End
Rugby league players from Greater Manchester
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Wigan
Rugby league wingers
Widnes Vikings players
Wigan Warriors players

Shaun Briscoe


Pablo Palitos (February 8, 1906 – February 26, 1989) was a Spanish-born Argentine stage and film actor. He was born in Zaragoza as Pedro Pablo Senger, adopting his stage name after emigrating to Argentina. He appeared in twenty one films during his career. His daughter is the actress Graciela Pal and his granddaughter the actress Manuela Pal. Between others, he has been part of the cast of several productions. He made his film debut in Brazil in 1933 at "A Voz do Carnaval", by Adhemar Gonzaga and Humberto Mauro. Years later, in 1937, he made his debut in Argentina in Palermo, a film where he accompanied Nedda Francy and José Gola. His most outstanding performances were fulfilled in Seconds Outside! The thief sings boleros, Detective and the champion is me, which premiered five years later. In 1940 he starred in the successful comic film Niní must be educated, along with Niní Marshall, Francisco Álvarez and Nury Montsé and a year later he played a supporting role in Boyfriends for Girls, by Antonio Momplet. After performing successful roles in film, he traveled to Spain where he continued his career, and upon his return in Argentina he also acted in radio, television and did secondary roles in film. In the seventies he participated in films such as Olga, the daughter of that Russian princess (with Eduardo Bergara Leumann), The House of Love, The Explosive Adventure, with my wife I cannot and Black Ant, who had little success. He did his last works in "this is Life", 1982 and accompanied Juan Carlos Altavista (Minguito) and Juan Carlos Calabró in Mingo and Aníbal, two balls against, directed by Enrique Cahen Salaverry in 1984. In theater he made works like Intermezzo in the circus, Irma, the sweet," The Neighbors of Corrientes"  a musical revue starred by Jorge Perez Evelyn, also "A night of love", and "An angel named Perez".

Selected filmography
 Palermo (1937)
 My Country's Wings (1939)
Educating Niní (1940)
 Sweethearts for the Girls (1941)
 White Eagle (1941)
 Detective (1954)
 La Aventura explosive (1977)

References

Bibliography
 Pellettieri, Osvaldo. Historia del teatro argentino en Buenos Aires: La segunda modernidad (1949-1976). Editorial Galerna, 2005.

External links

1906 births
1989 deaths
Argentine male stage actors
Argentine male film actors
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male stage actors
Actors from Zaragoza
20th-century Argentine male actors
Spanish emigrants to Argentina

Pablo Palitos


Viktor (Víctor) Winz (31 August 1906 – date of death unknown) was a Palestine/Israeli–Argentine chess master.

Born in Germany, he began his chess career in Berlin. He emigrated to Palestine (then under the British Mandate) in the early 1930s.

Winz played for the Palestine team in two Chess Olympiads; at fourth board (+2 -9 =2) in the 6th Olympiad at Warsaw 1935, and at third board (+4 -6 =5) in the 8th Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939.

In September 1939, when World War II broke out, Winz, along with many other participants of the 8th Chess Olympiad, decided to stay permanently in Argentina.

In 1941, he took 7th in Buenos Aires (Miguel Najdorf won, followed by Moshe Czerniak, Hermann Pilnik, Paul Michel, etc.). In 1941, he took 17th in Mar del Plata (Gideon Ståhlberg won, followed by Najdorf, Erich Eliskases, Ludwig Engels, Paulino Frydman, Czerniak, Movsas Feigins, Carlos Guimard, etc.).

His last recorded tournament was the 1957 Berlin championship, where he finished 7= behind Rudolf Teschner.

References

External links

1906 births
Year of death missing
German chess players
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Argentina
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli chess players
Argentine chess players
Jewish chess players
Jewish Argentine sportspeople

Victor Winz


Buchskopp (a hill in south York County on Snyder Mill Road)
 Deifelsloch (Devil's Hole; name of each of two hollows, one about 1 and 1/2 mile SE and one about 3 miles west of East Prospect)
 Greizgrick (Kreutz Creek)
 Greizgrickdaal (Kreutz Creek Valley)
 Holtzschwamm ("wood swamp", an area in Paradise Twp.)
 Hundsrick (the highest point in all of York County, Codorus Twp.)
 Kanneweego (Conewago Creek; this creek is the boundary line between York and Adams counties)
 Kodorus Grick (Codorus Creek; it rises in southern York County in New Freedom and flows generally north and west through Codorus Twp. and Seven Valleys and through the city of York and between Springettsbury and East Manchester Twps. into the Susquehanna at Riverview)
 Naefferschteddel (New Salem, North Codorus Twp, just southwest of York)
 Schnitzdeich (Snitz Hollow, Hellam Twp)
 Schnokeschteddel (Gnatstown, located near Hanover, Paradise Twp)
 Schtowerschteddel (Stauffertown)
 Schtraasbarig (Shrewsbury, Shrewbury Twp, southern York)
Yarrick (York, the capital of the county)

Pennsylvaanisch-Deitsche Blatznaame

Pennsylvaanisch-Deitsche Blatznaame in Yarick Kaundi (York County, PA)


David A. Kaplan is an American writer and journalist.  He worked for 20 years at Newsweek, and worked for Fortune magazine for five years.

Biography

Early years
Kaplan was born to a Jewish family, the son of Erna and Alan William Kaplan. His father was a surgeon and his mother, a clinical social worker at the university health service of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. His great-great-grandfather was Adolph Bergida, a founder of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies. He is a cum laude graduate of Cornell University in 1978 and the New York University School of Law in 1981, where he won writing prizes in both his first and second years, as well as the school's upperclass Moot Court Competition. During the 1994-1995 academic year, he was a John S. Knight Fellow in Journalism at Stanford University. He was an intern with the U.S. Attorney's office in Manhattan and an intern at the White House Press Office during the Carter Administration, before serving as a litigator at a Wall Street law firm.

Newsweek
He had a 20-year career at Newsweek, where he wrote dozens of cover stories, as well as edited the annual Newsweek-Kaplan College Guide.  Among his cover pieces at Newsweek: "The New Rich of Silicon Valley", "The Most Hated Man in Baseball", profiles of Justices Clarence Thomas and William Brennan, "The Selling of Star Wars", "The birth of Netscape", "The Great Home Run Chase of 1998", "The Return of the Hale-Bopp Comet", and "The Secret Vote That Made George W. Bush President".  His Newsweek cover story in 2006 broke the notorious Hewlett-Packard boardroom spying scandal involving venture capitalist Tom Perkins, which led to Congressional hearings and California state indictments.  That story was a finalist for a Gerald Loeb Award.  The following year, Kaplan won a Loeb for the book Mine's Bigger, a biography of Perkins and the revolutionary high-tech sailboat he created.  Kaplan also broke stories about how Bush v. Gore might have just gone the other way and about how the administration of death warrants in Florida executions was being manipulated for political purposes by the governor.

Fortune
He worked for Fortune magazine for five years. For Fortune, Kaplan's profiles included Charlie Rose, David Geffen, Shaquille O'Neal, Howard Schultz (of Starbucks), Ralph Nader, Marc Benioff (of Salesforce.com), David Boies, Dennis Kozlowski in prison, SAS, Haagen-Daz, Shake Shack, Mars Candy, Chipotle, Lou Dobbs, the former Hollywood agent Michael Ovitz, education entrepreneur Sal Khan, and Hostess Twinkies in bankruptcy.  In July 2011, he wrote the much-debated cover story on "Tech Bubble 2.0." He's worked for a day on the Monopoly assembly line at Hasbro, at an Aeropostale register on Black Friday, and atop an asphalt tank at NuStar Energy.  He also writes an occasional education column for the magazine.

Books, teaching, and consulting
Kaplan's other books include The Silicon Boys, a national bestseller that has been translated into six languages, and The Accidental President, an account of the Bush-Gore election dispute on which the Emmy-winning 2008 HBO feature film Recount is based. He is currently completing a book about the U.S. Supreme Court, scheduled to be published by Random House in 2018.

His writing has also appeared on the front page of The New York Times and The New York Times Op-Ed Page, as well as in Food & Wine, Wired, Parenting, Inc., Worth, Backchannel, and The Washington Post.  In 1988, he was a finalist for the Livingston Award, which recognizes excellence by journalists than under 35; Kaplan's piece in the National Law Journal, "Death Row Dilemma," was about the strange case of William Henry Drake, who came within hours of electrocution despite two lawyers knowing he had not in fact killed anybody; the story explored how attorney-client confidentiality can lead to astonishing results.

These days, Kaplan writes for different publications, and consults for a range of CEOs, financial firms and other companies. since 2009, Kaplan has been an adjunct faculty of the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University. He teaches a popular undergraduate course on ethics and First Amendment law. Kaplan has appeared frequently on television on such programs as the Today Show, Nightline, Charlie Rose, and CNN Inside Politics. He also speaks at private corporate and government events. In April 2011, for a Fortune story, he auditioned to be the new voice of the Aflac duck in TV commercials. Out of 12,500 contestants he wound up finishing in 5th place.

Personal life
In 1989, Kaplan married attorney Audrey Sue Feinberg in a Jewish ceremony in Bozman, Maryland. Kaplan lives north of New York City with his wife and their two sons.

Honors
 2007: Loeb Finalist (Magazines category), "Suspicions and Spies in Silicon Valley," Newsweek, September 18, 2006.
 2008: Gerald Loeb Award, (Best Business Book of the Year category), Mine's Bigger: Tom Perkins and the Making of the Greatest Sailing Machine Ever Built
 2013: NYSSCPA Excellence in Financial Journalism Award (investigative category), "Hostess Is Bankrupt Again", Fortune, July 26, 2012
 2013: Deadline Club Award Finalist, "Hostess Is Bankrupt Again", Fortune, July 26, 2012

Books
 Mine's Bigger: Tom Perkins and the Making of the Greatest Sailing Machine Ever Built (2007)
 The Accidental President (2001)
 The Silicon Boys (1999)
 The Greatest Business Decisions of All-Time (contributor) (2012)
 The 10 Laws of Trust (co-author, with Joel Peterson) (2016)
 The Most Dangerous Branch: Inside the Supreme Court's Assault on the Constitution (2018)

References

External links

 Faculty page of NYU Journalism

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male journalists
Jewish American journalists
New York University School of Law alumni
Cornell University alumni
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Business Books
21st-century American Jews

David A. Kaplan


Agnes Schierhuber (born 31 May 1946) is an Austrian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Austrian People's Party, which is part of the European People's Party.

Schierhuber has been a member of the European Parliament since 1995 and currently sits as a full member of the Agriculture and Rural Development Committee.  She is also part of the Delegation for relations with Canada.  As a substitute member she sits on the Employment and Social Affairs Committee. She is the vice-chairwoman of the EPP-ED Group working party on agricultural and budgetary issues.

Career
 Completed agricultural school (1964)
 Passed specialist examination (1975)
 Member, ÖVP Local and District Executive (since 1975)
 Member, Executive Committee, Lower Austria Farmers' Federation (since 1985)
 Vice-chair, Ottenschlag Farmers' Chamber (1975-1995)
 Ottenschlag Women Farmers' Representative (1974-1994)
 Vice-chair, Ottenschlag Raiffeisenkassen supervisory board (since 1980)
 Member, Regional Executive, Farmers' Social Insurance Institute (SVB) (1983-1998)
 Member, Lower Austria Regional Chamber of Agriculture (1985-1986)
 Member, Bundesrat (1986-1996)
 Member of the European Parliament (since 1995)
 Appointed Ökonomierat (2000)
 Vice-chair, EPP-ED Group working party on agricultural and budgetary issues (since 2003)
 Chair, Austrian Association for Medicinal and Herbal Horticulture (since 1993)
 Chair, Waldviertel Specialist Growers' Association (since 2003)

Honours
 1995: Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria in Silver
 1996: Silver Medal of the Chamber of Agriculture of Lower Austria
 1996: Leopold Figl Silver Medal
 2005: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria
 2006: Gold Medal of the Chamber of Agriculture of Lower Austria
 2006: Gold Decoration of the Farmers Association from Lower Austria

References

External links
 Official website (in German)
 European Parliament
 European Parliament biography
 European People's Party

1946 births
Living people
Austrian People's Party MEPs
MEPs for Austria 1996–1999
MEPs for Austria 1999–2004
MEPs for Austria 2004–2009

Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
20th-century women MEPs for Austria
21st-century women MEPs for Austria

Agnes Schierhuber