Muriel E. Mussells Seyfert (born Muriel Elizabeth Mussells, February 3, 1909 – November 9, 1997) was an American astronomer best known for discovering a "ring nebulae" (planetary nebulae) in the Milky Way while working at the Harvard College Observatory in 1936 as a human computer.

Early life
Muriel was born on February 3, 1909, in Danvers, Massachusetts, the daughter of George and Stella Mussells.

Scientific contributions
Mussells Seyfert was employed as a human computer at the Harvard College Observatory. By examining photographic plates taken at Harvard's astronomical station at Bloemfontain, South Africa, she discovered three new ring nebulae in the Milky Way galaxy in the mid-1930s.

Artist
After moving to Nashville, Tennessee with her husband, Muriel pursued painting and maintained her art studio in the observatory residence (which has since become known as Muriel's Retreat in her honor). Two of her portraits, one of observatory namesake Arthur Dyer and another of her husband, the first observatory director Carl Keenan Seyfert, are located in the Dyer Observatory in a stairway leading up to the Seyfert Telescope.

On March 18, 1952, a one-night art show of her art work was held at the Ryman Auditorium in downtown Nashville.

Personal life
On May 20, 1935, Muriel married Carl Keenan Seyfert who was the founder and first director of Vanderbilt University's Dyer Observatory in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Seyfert galaxies and Seyfert's Sextet would later be named after him. The couple had two children.

Muriel's sister, Sylvia Mussells Lindsay, also worked as a Harvard computer and discovered the first dwarf galaxy, the Sculptor system. She married astronomer Eric Mervyn Lindsay.

References

1909 births
1997 deaths
American women astronomers
Harvard Computers
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century American scientists

Muriel Mussells Seyfert


Michael A. Adelbulner (February 3, 1702 – June 21, 1779) was a German mathematician, physicist, physician, and astronomer. He was born at Nürnberg and died in Altdorf bei Nürnberg.

His claim to fame resides in his having started with Anders Celsius in 1733 a journal of astronomy called "Mitteilungsblatt zur Förderung der Astronomie / Commercium litterarium ad astronomiae incrementum", announcing the principal celestial phenomena, and analyzing new publications. This journal enjoyed much reputation in its day. Thirty-four numbers were published.

In 1736 he was named a member of the Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

In 1738 he received a M.D. degree with the thesis "Theses medicae physiologico-pathologicae, Pulmonum fabricam, usum, uariaque, quibus affliguntur, incommoda generatim complectentes".
In 1742 he was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Altdorf.

External links
 Astronomie in Nürnberg - containing a biography of Michael Adelbulner.
 Adelbulner Michael Adelbulner (1702–1779)] - Red Hill Observatory (Christof A. Plicht)
 Michael Adelbulner, Allgemeine deutsche Biographie & Neue deutsche Biographie

1702 births
1779 deaths
18th-century German mathematicians
18th-century German astronomers
18th-century German physicists
Scientists from Nuremberg

Michael Adelbulner


Royalism is the political ideology that supports a specific monarch (king, queen, or pretender) as head of state for a country. Royalism is not to the same as monarchism, which supports a monarchical system of government, but not always a specific monarch. For example, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist.

Monarchy
Royalty
Conservatism

Royalism


In American football and Canadian football, a quarterback kneel, also called taking a knee, genuflect offense, kneel-down offense, or victory formation, occurs when the quarterback touches a knee to the ground immediately after receiving the snap, thus downing himself and ending the play. It is primarily used to run the clock down, either at the end of the first half (regardless of which team is ahead) or the game itself, to preserve a lead. Although it generally results in a loss of some yardage and uses up a down, it minimizes the risk of a fumble, which would give the other team a chance at recovering the ball.

The play is meant to keep the defense from seriously challenging for possession of the ball. The rules penalize rough play after the ball is dead, which in this play usually occurs a fraction of a second after the snap. Especially when the outcome of the game is all but certain, defenses will often give little resistance to the play as a matter of sportsmanship as well as to reduce the risk of injuries, penalties, and possible supplemental discipline (Referees and leagues have in recent years given increasingly severe penalties for unnecessary roughness inflicted on quarterbacks, as well as headshots in general). The quarterback is generally not touched.

The formation offers maximum protection against a fumble; should the center-quarterback exchange result in a fumble, a running back is lined up on either side of the quarterback, both to recover any fumble and protect the vulnerable kneeling player from being injured by defensive players who get through the line. Also, a player known as the "safety valve" is lined up directly behind the quarterback, often much farther than a typical tailback would line up. This player's responsibility is to tackle any defensive player who may recover a fumble and attempt to advance it. Because of this essentially "defensive" responsibility, the tailback in this formation may actually be a free safety or other defensive player who is adept at making tackles in the open field.

Even though the play itself takes very little time, the rules of American football dictate that it does not stop the game clock (as with any play where the ball carrier is tackled in bounds). With the 40-second play clock in the NFL and NCAA, along with the two-minute warning in the NFL, a team can run off over two minutes with three straight kneel-downs if the defensive team has no more timeouts. The winning team can storm the field if up to 40 seconds remains in the game (25 in XFL or 35 in USFL). In such situations, even before the game is technically over (i.e. the game clock will still be running), it is common for opposing coaches, team staff and players (including those not on the field for the final play) to shake hands with each other, and for media and other accredited persons to come onto the field as well to commence interviews. In the XFL, as many as three straight "victory formations" from 75 seconds (or in USFL, 1:45) left in regulation can be done.

The kneeldown is often called a "victory formation", as it is most often run by a winning team late in the game in order to preserve a victory. In the case of a close game, the winning team would be trying to avoid a turnover which might be the result of a more complex play. In the case of a more lopsided contest where the winning team's overall point differential has no prospect of affecting their playoff qualification prospects, the play can be run as a matter of sportsmanship (the winning team forgoing the opportunity to run up the score) and to avoid injuries and/or penalties. In terms of statistics, a kneel by the quarterback is typically recorded as a rushing attempt for −1 or −2 yards.

Other sports also use the term "victory formation" for a play designed only to run down the clock with little chance of injury, such as a jammer in roller derby skating behind or only lightly challenging the pack while the final seconds of the bout tick down.

Strategy
The quarterback kneel is mainly used when the team in the lead has possession of the ball with less than two minutes on the game clock. The two minute warning automatically stops the clock in an NFL game; thus, regardless of the circumstances, the team with possession after the two minute warning must run a play in order to re-start the clock. Therefore, with the 40-second play clock in the NFL and NCAA, two minutes (120 seconds) is in theory the maximum amount of time that can be run off on three consecutive quarterback kneels; this assumes it is first down and the defense has no timeouts remaining. A team cannot run more than three consecutive quarterback kneels, as doing so on fourth down turns the ball over to the opponent and guarantees them at least one opportunity to score. The decision to run the quarterback kneel depends on the amount of time remaining in the game, the down, and the number of timeouts the defense has remaining. For example, if there is one minute remaining on the game clock on first down, and the defense has one timeout left, the offense may use two successive quarterback kneels to completely run out the clock, and if the defense uses its timeout, the offense can simply execute a third kneel to run out the clock. However, if there is one minute remaining on the game clock on third down, then regardless of how many timeouts the defense has, quarterback kneels will not completely run out the clock and the offense should try to make a first down. The XFL allows this to happen if up to 75 seconds remain; that league utilizes a 25-second play clock.

Even if a series of quarterback kneels may not completely bleed the game clock, a team that is ahead with under two minutes remaining may still be advised to call the kneeldowns in such a situation if it minimizes their opponent's chances of coming back to tie or win the game. For example, on September 22, 2018, the Oregon Ducks led the Stanford Cardinal by three points and had possession of the football on second down and three at Stanford's 43-yard line with 58 seconds of game time remaining and one timeout left for Stanford. Mario Cristobal, the then-head coach of the Oregon Ducks, called a running play rather than a quarterback kneel, but Oregon fumbled the ball back to Stanford, who subsequently tied the game on the ensuing drive and won the game in overtime. Had Cristobal ordered a couple of kneeldowns, Stanford would have, in all likelihood, regained possession of the football on a punt with around ten seconds remaining and no timeouts left at their disposal. Because Stanford would have had an extremely small chance at tying or winning the game in the alternative scenario, Cristobal was heavily criticized after his team's loss for calling a play that exposed his team to the risk of a turnover rather than kneeling and minimizing the chances of a Stanford comeback. Ironically, five years later, on October 7, 2023, Cristobal was again heavily criticized for electing not to kneel. In this situation, Cristobal's Miami Hurricanes led the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets by three points, and Miami had possession of the ball on third down with 34 seconds remaining in the game and Georgia Tech having used up all of their timeouts. Instead of calling a quarterback kneel to drain the rest of the clock and end the game, Cristobal called a running play, which resulted in a Miami fumble that was recovered by Georgia Tech. Georgia Tech subsequently used the remaining game time on the ensuing drive to score a game-winning touchdown. The criticism towards Cristobal was much more intense following the Georgia Tech-Miami game because kneeling would have ensured a victory for Cristobal's Hurricanes, whereas kneeling would not have guaranteed a victory for Cristobal's Ducks in the Stanford-Oregon game.

The quarterback kneel is also often used at the end of the first half by a team which feels they have little chance of scoring before halftime due to poor field position. It is also sometimes run at the end of the second half of a tie game by a team content with sending the game into overtime. Less commonly, the play is sometimes run at the end of the game by a losing team which is hopelessly behind and wishes to hasten the end of the game without threatening player health on needless garbage time drives. Rarely, in blowout situations in high school or small college sports, the decision to kneel is made mutually by both coaches if a deficit is too large to realistically overcome.

A team that is in field-goal range and either tied or trailing by three or fewer points can also use one or more kneeldowns in order to run time off the clock before attempting a game-winning or tying field goal. A quarterback in this situation may also run several yards to his left or right before kneeling down in order to center the spot for a field goal attempt or get the ball closer to a particular set of hash marks if the team's kicker has a preference for where they kick. Ideally, the clock should run out during the field goal attempt, disallowing the next kickoff and an attempt for the next team to score. Atlanta Falcons head coach Arthur Smith has been known to call quarterback kneels in these situations so as to set up kicker Younghoe Koo for game-winning field goal attempts and prevent Atlanta's opponents from having the chance to answer back offensively. The strategy has been successful for Smith's Falcons on four different occasions (victories against Miami and New Orleans in 2021, Arizona in 2022, and Houston in 2023).

A quarterback kneel used to be purposefully initiated on a point after touchdown try at the end of the game after a game-winning or defensive touchdown was scored at the end of regulation; NFL rules required the try to be executed between the offense and defense, even if the offense intends to decline the unnecessary points to avoid further insulting or annoying their opponent. This occurred prominently in the "Minneapolis Miracle" during the 2017 Playoffs, in which eight New Orleans Saints players on offense and defense had to return to the field from the locker room to 'oppose' the try against the victorious Minnesota Vikings after referee imploration to complete the try. Quarterback Case Keenum merely knelt the ball down before tossing it in the air and celebrating the Vikings victory, with the Saints giving no effort. The rule was changed for the 2018 season to omit the try if it would have no impact on the outcome of the game. If the try has to be attempted because the defense has the opportunity to run it back for 2 points to win or tie the game, the quarterback will usually kneel to prevent the defense from doing so.

In rare instances, a team will use the quarterback kneel to avoid running up the score in a lopsided contest, even though there may be significant time remaining on the clock. This occurred in the 2011 edition of the Magnolia Bowl between the LSU Tigers and Ole Miss Rebels. With five minutes remaining and LSU leading 52–3, Tigers' head coach Les Miles ordered third-string quarterback Zach Mettenberger to kneel on first and goal from the Ole Miss one-yard line, and to kneel on the next three plays. Miles felt another touchdown would further embarrass Ole Miss coach Houston Nutt, who announced his resignation, effective at the end of the season, 12 days before the Rebels hosted first-ranked LSU. The Tigers had already secured the largest margin of victory in series history. Similarly, in Week 3 of the 2023 NFL season, the Miami Dolphins scored 70 points against the Denver Broncos, which was just the fourth time a team had scored that many points in NFL history. Deep into the fourth quarter, the Dolphins, having already scored 70 points, drove into field goal range and thus had a chance to break the regular season record for most points scored by a team in a single game. However, Miami head coach Mike McDaniel passed up the opportunity and called a quarterback kneel on fourth down so that his team would not further embarrass their opponent.

On rare occasions, quarterbacks will kneel to ensure a tie when the overtime period (or fourth quarter in competitions which do not use overtime) is about to expire, especially if the tie might still be of some benefit to the team's playoff fortunes compared to a loss. Notably, if a team has possession of the ball deep in its own territory in such a situation, it may be as likely or more likely to turn over the ball in its own territory (which would give the opponent a good chance to score and thus win the game) than they are to advance the ball far enough to obtain a good scoring chance themselves.

In Canadian football, which has slightly different rules, the circumstances in which kneeling is a viable strategy are more limited. Unlike in American football, in Canadian football every quarter must end with a play, even in situations where the game clock expires after the end of the previous play. Also, the play clock in the CFL is only twenty seconds long. Therefore, since the offence only has three downs, the maximum amount of time an offence can consume by kneeling without attempting to earn another first down (i.e. after the offence earns a first down while keeping the ball in bounds and the defense has no time outs) is a little over one minute. On the other hand, in Canadian football teams have only one time out per half, compared to three in American football.

In Canadian football, a quarterback kneel is by far the most common play for winning teams to run with "zeros on the clock" at the end of a game, barring exceptional (but not unheard-of) situations where the head-to-head point differential in the opposing team's season series (a key factor in tiebreakers) remains in doubt (under the current CFL playoff format and tiebreakers, this is only relevant for teams in the same division). Moreover, in that situation such a play can be run on any down - even if it is third down when time expires between plays, a kneel will not result in a turnover on downs since the game will be over. Thus, even though there is one less down in Canadian football, there are still occasional circumstances in which a winning team will kneel on three consecutive plays (the same maximum number as is feasible in American football) in order to end the game.

A "fake kneel" is very rare, and would likely be considered unsportsmanlike in most situations in which a kneel is to be expected. However there are situations where kneeling may be useful but it is still advantageous to score points. This might take place near the end of the first half running the clock down before faking the kneel in an attempt to surprise the defense, or in a tied game at the end of regulation. An example of this was in Super Bowl LI, with the game tied 28-28, on the final play of regulation, the New England Patriots ran a fake kneel in which Tom Brady faked a run and pitch to his right, with Dion Lewis waiting a second before taking the ball and running to his left. While initially surprised, the Atlanta Falcons defense shut down the play with a nominal gain of 12 yards. Coach Bill Belichick opted for the trick play because the team was too far away for a field goal, and the 75 yards distance for a Hail Mary was likely too far for Brady to reach the end zone.

History
Until the 1960s, keeping track of the official time in a gridiron football game was the responsibility of the referee. The stadium game time, if displayed at all, was unofficial and often done so with poor-quality analog scoreboard clocks utilizing clock-like dials that did not meet a universal league standard, requiring more effort to ascertain the exact time left. Moreover, many of the stadiums used at the time primarily hosted baseball, thus the scoreboards were optimized for a sport which at the time did not even use a game clock (being decades before the advent of the pitch clock, at which point most multi-purpose stadiums had long been demolished), and were often in incongruent positions not easily visible to the players, with timing also done by portable devices rented by the teams that were not synchronized to the main board.

Thus, it was not feasible for teams to engage in the sort of meticulous clock management that would eventually become commonplace in the modern era, since coaches and players had only a rough estimate of how much time remained after each play. The risk of miscalculating the amount of time remaining in a half or game was a strong deterrent against willfully foregoing the opportunity to advance the ball on each down. A play clock visible to all in the stadium was not instituted in the NFL until 1976, meaning the timing of a kneel could not be ascertained.

Traditionally, teams leading after the two minute warning generally ran quarterback sneaks (which brought the risk of injuries on low-yardage plays) or dive plays to the fullbacks or other running backs to run time off the clock. Even after the stadium game clock became official, this tradition endured for a time as many coaches in this era considered kneeling cowardly or even unsportsmanlike. However, the Miracle at the Meadowlands, on November 19, , in which defensive back Herman Edwards of the visiting Philadelphia Eagles recovered a botched handoff between quarterback Joe Pisarcik and running back Larry Csonka of the New York Giants, provided a nationally televised spur for change.

With 31 seconds remaining, the Giants led 17–12 and the Eagles were out of timeouts. As Pisarcik attempted to hand the ball to Larry Csonka, it was awkwardly fumbled; Edwards scooped it up and ran it 26 yards for the Eagles' improbable  The play generated tremendous controversy, ridicule, and criticism toward the Giants nationwide and specifically offensive coordinator Bob Gibson for failing to use the supposedly foolproof quarterback-kneeldown play. Gibson was promptly fired following the game, and never worked in football again.

In the week following the game, both the Eagles and Giants developed specific formations designed to protect the quarterback behind three players as he fell on the ball. Previously, quarterbacks executing a similar "kill the clock" play simply ran a quarterback sneak from a tightly packed conventional offensive formation.  The Eagles made the playoffs and the Giants finished at

The "victory formation" spread rapidly throughout football at nearly all levels, as coaches sought to adopt a procedure for downing the ball in the final seconds which would reduce the risk of turnovers to the absolute minimum possible. Within a season or so, it had become nearly universal. In 1987 the NFL rule allowing quarterbacks to simply kneel and not have to fall down and risk a hit from the defense took effect.

One of the revived XFL's most significant officiating controversies in 2020 occurred as a direct consequence of a mistimed quarterback kneel. While leading 32–23 over the Seattle Dragons, Houston Roughnecks quarterback P. J. Walker kneeled on fourth down at his own 21-yard line with three seconds remaining on the clock. Officials mistakenly declared the game over, thus depriving the Dragons the chance to run at least one offensive play in which (due to the XFL's three-point conversion rule) they should have had a chance to tie the game and force overtime. The league quickly admitted the mistake and largely avoided further scrutiny after, along with nearly all other professional sports leagues, it cancelled the remainder of its season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Defense

Although in most instances a losing team will concede defeat when the other team is in the victory formation and taking the quarterback kneel, there are instances where the trailing team will try to make a defensive play in an attempt to regain possession of the ball, particularly when the losing team is behind by a touchdown or less and there is enough time to make more than one play.

This had happened on the play preceding the Miracle at the Meadowlands. Due to the extreme difficulty and unlikelihood of causing a legal turnover when compared to the risks of injury, penalty and supplemental discipline, defenses generally do not attempt to disrupt the kneeldown as the Eagles did in 1978. By the 1980s, a "gentlemen's agreement" emerged in which defenders did not rush the offensive team with high intensity, as long as the offense made no attempt to advance the ball.

One prominent exception occurred to another Giants quarterback in 2012. In Week 2, an interception of a Tampa Bay Buccaneers pass with six seconds left had apparently secured a 25-point fourth-quarter comeback and 41–34 Giants victory. However, in the ensuing "victory formation" play, instead of the usual nominal contact between the lineman, the Buccaneers stacked the line of scrimmage and forcefully pushed the Giants' line back in an attempt to cause Giants' QB Eli Manning to fumble.  Manning was knocked back by his own center as he took the snap and fell down. Giants coach Tom Coughlin angrily confronted his Tampa Bay counterpart, Greg Schiano, at midfield once the game was over. Undaunted, Schiano employed a similar strategy the next week at the end of the Buccaneers' game against the Dallas Cowboys.  In the next season, with the Philadelphia Eagles leading the Buccaneers, Chip Kelly had quarterback Nick Foles attempt a shotgun formation kneeldown to avert Schiano's aggressive technique, which succeeded. On occasions especially in major games, the defense has made it clear they will not concede and have attempted to aggressively rush the kneel down. In Super Bowl XLIX, the Seattle Seahawks, who were at their opponents' goal line as time ran out, attempted to rush the New England Patriots offensive line on two occasions, in the first instance causing an offside penalty and in the second, an on-field altercation between the two sets of players, leading to the first (and as of 2020 only) Super Bowl ejection of Seahawks player, Bruce Irvin. On the third kneeldown attempt, no rushing attempt was made.  Several years later, the San Francisco 49ers also tried to rush the kneel on each down of the final possession of Super Bowl LIV, forcing Patrick Mahomes to instead run back on his first three kneel-downs and to reel back on fourth down and throw a long pass to expire the last five seconds of the game and seal the victory for the Kansas City Chiefs. These "kneels" had a combined loss of 15 yards and dropped Mahomes' game yards from 44 to 29, which affected the margins for Vegas bettors (in college football, quarterback kneel-downs are charged as "Team" rushing yards, not to the quarterback).

Aside from trying to attempt a defensive play, teams that are losing but behind by a touchdown or less in the final two minutes will sometimes use their time-outs if the team does a quarterback kneel. As teams are allowed three time-outs per half—the clock stops on a time out and restarts on the snap—they will try to preserve them for situations such as this, thereby forcing the winning team to run a play and gain a first down or, at the very least, take time off the clock.

If there is still enough time left on the clock and the winning team attempts another quarterback kneel, the defensive team's strategy may repeat itself until it either runs out of time-outs, time runs out, or (most desirably) the team forces a punt or turnover, but the fourth down play is still subject to other maneuvers to run out the clock. In 2016, the Baltimore Ravens, leading in a game against the Cincinnati Bengals after three plays in their final drive, ran off the remaining twelve seconds of clock off in a punt formation with Sam Koch purposefully holding the ball in the end zone while multiple holding calls were made against the Ravens offense pushing back against (and in some cases, shoving down) Bengal players. The play ended with Koch touching his toe to the back end zone line after time expired and taking an intentional safety (offensive fouls at the end of the game do not result in a replay of a down, unlike their defensive equivalents). The intentional holding aspect of the play was made illegal after the 2016 NFL season.

A team can also lose a game in a kneel-down situation due to mismanagement or miscalculating the time. For example, in a game against the UCF Golden Knights on December 4, 2014 East Carolina University coach Ruffin McNeill ordered his team to take a knee with 1:47 left on the clock and a 30-26 lead. UCF used its final timeout, preventing ECU from running out the clock, but McNeill chose to kneel on fourth down rather than attempt a 37-yard field goal. The play left 10 seconds on the clock and turned the ball over to UCF, who then completed a 14 yard pass and a 51 yard pass to score the winning touchdown.

Rules
The 2011 NFL Rules state in Rule 7, Section 2, Article 1(c): "An official shall declare the ball dead and the down ended … when a quarterback immediately drops to his knee (or simulates dropping to his knee) behind the line of scrimmage".

The 2011 and 2012 NCAA Rules state in Rule 4, Section 1, Article 3(o): "A live ball becomes dead and an official shall sound his whistle or declare it dead … When a ball carrier simulates placing his knee on the ground." The same rule is used by the British American Football Association.

The 2011 CFL Rules state in Rule 1, Section 4: "The ball is dead … When the quarterback, in possession of the ball, intentionally kneels on the ground during the last three minutes of a half". The Statistical Scoring Rules, Section 5(e) states: "When a quarterback voluntarily drops to one knee and concedes yards in an effort to run out the clock, the yards lost will be charged under Team Losses. NOTE – No quarterback sack will be given in this situation."

References

American football terminology
Kneeling

Quarterback kneel


Thomas Joseph Sestak (March 9, 1936 – April 3, 1987) was an American football defensive lineman who played for the Buffalo Bills of the American Football League (AFL).

Early life
Sestak was born in Gonzales, Texas. He had mixed European heritage, with his grandparents on his father's side being from Czechoslovakia while his grandparents on his mother's side being from Poland. Alongside his two brothers, he played in numerous sports as a child, such as football and track. He played tight end in the collegiate ranks at McNeese State University in Lake Charles, Louisiana.

Career
His talents led to him being drafted in the 17th round by the Buffalo Bills in 1962. He was also drafted by the Detroit Lions in the sixteenth round that year. He was an example of a trend of the young league to draft players from small colleges, which was deemed innovative in part due to its results that it cultivated, which Sestak represented well. He was to play defensive lineman for the Bills, owing to his 6-4 size, speed, and strength.

Sestak was a starter in his rookie year and, until a series of knee injuries ended his career after the 1967 season, used his strength to dominate the line of scrimmage.  Sestak was a three-time selection to All-American Football League teams and a unanimous All-AFL defensive tackle in three consecutive years; 1963, 1964 and 1965. Sestak served as the cornerstone of a defense that took the Bills to the playoffs four straight years (1963–1966) and consecutive AFL championships in 1964 and 1965. Over the 1964 and 1965 seasons, Sestak and his defense mates held opposing rushers without a touchdown for seventeen consecutive games, a Professional Football record that still stands.  Twice during his outstanding career he realized the defensive lineman's "dream", returning interceptions for touchdowns, and once returned a recovered fumble for a score.

His teammates described his play as "crazy as hell". He notably played a season with three broken ribs, and his knees problems meant that he spent time at a stationary bicycle instead of scrimmage during practice.

During the 1960s, only six professional defensive linemen were unanimous All-League selections for three or more years, Sestak (3), Bob Lily (5), Merlin Olsen (4), Willie Davis (3), Gino Marchetti (3), and Deacon Jones (3).  The latter five, all former NFL players, have already been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, while Sestak, a star from the AFL,  like many other AFL players has been ignored by the Hall of Fame selectors. He was named to the First Team for his position at defensive tackle, along with Houston Antwine. In contrast, Buck Buchanan (a Second Team selection) is a Hall of Famer while Sestak is not.

In January 1970, Sestak was selected as a member of the All-Time All-AFL Team, and in 2009 as a member of the Bills' 50th Anniversary Team. In 2007, Tom Sestak was inducted into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame.  In 2011, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Sestak to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2011  In 2019, despite not being in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was chosen as a finalist for the NFL's 100th Anniversary Team

Sestak died of a heart attack in 1987.

See also
 List of American Football League players

References

1936 births
1987 deaths
American football defensive linemen
Baylor Bears football players
Buffalo Bills players
McNeese Cowboys football players
American Football League All-Star players
American Football League All-Time Team
People from Gonzales, Texas
Gonzales High School (Texas) alumni
Players of American football from Texas
American people of Polish descent
American Football League players

Tom Sestak


Margaret Helen Fitzgibbon (30 January 1929 – 8 June 2020) was an Australian actress and singer. Coming from a show-business family, she was the older sister of musician Smacka Fitzgibbon.

Biography
Fitzgibbon was born in Melbourne. She began her career as operatic soprano Margaret Fitzgibbon with the Tivoli Circuit in 1946 before graduating to radio 2GB with Jack Davey. Around 1950 she started developing as a solo cabaret performer in Sydney's main night clubs and during this period she changed her performing name to Maggie. She was spotted there by Sir Frank Tait of J.C. Williamson's, who offered her the featured role of Bianca in the 1952 Australian production of Kiss Me Kate, in which she appeared with Hayes Gordon.

Maggie then left for the United Kingdom and was soon cast as Principal Boy in the Aladdin pantomime at Blackpool, opposite Hylda Baker who played Widow Twankey. Then came a twelve months tour with Flanagan and Allen in The Crazy Gang. Her own cabaret act followed at The Astor, The Stork Room, The Pigalle Club and, in 1956, Winston's Club with Danny La Rue. More cabarets, stage musicals and plays came along (including playing the role of Jane in a 1960 London revival of Rudolf Friml's Rose Marie, for which she recreated the role in a studio cast recording the following year) until, in 1961 she appeared opposite Max Bygraves in the musical Do Re Mi.

Fitzgibbon appeared on various British television dramas such as Danger Man. The BBC cast her in the starring role of Vivienne Cooper in their TV series The Newcomers which ran from 1965 to 1969. This led to her own show for London Weekend Television Maggie's Place and with guest appearances such as Benny Hill and Morecambe and Wise. She also played a leading role as Adelaide in LWT's 1970 26-part wartime drama Manhunt, and appeared in the 1972 film Sunstruck opposite Harry Secombe.

She returned to Australia briefly in 1963 to star in Noël Coward's Australian production of his musical Sail Away, then returning to London to star with Bob Monkhouse and Ronnie Corbett in the Drury Lane production of The Boys from Syracuse (Luce). Her final West End appearance was in Side By Side By Sondheim after which she retired to farm in Australia, making only occasional guest appearances, mainly on the concert stage. In 2002 she was awarded an OAM for services to the community. Fitzgibbon was featured in the Victorian Jazz Archive exhibition entitled The Fitzgibbon Dynasty. Fitzgibbon died in June 2020 at the age of 91.

References

Nostalgia Central
The Boys From Syracruse cast recording:

See also
Victorian Jazz Archive Inc. exhibition The Fitzgibbon Dynasty

External links
Papers of Maggie Fitzgibbon, 1950s–1980s, Performing Arts Collectio, the Arts Centre, Melbourne
Programs and related material in the National Library of Australia's PROMPT collection

1929 births
2020 deaths
Actresses from Melbourne
Australian film actresses
Australian stage actresses

Maggie Fitzgibbon


Anna Ruby Gaye (née Gordy; January 28, 1922 – January 31, 2014) was an American businesswoman, composer and songwriter. An elder sister of Motown founder Berry Gordy, she became a record executive in the mid-to-late 1950s distributing records released on Checker and Gone Records before forming the Anna label with Billy Davis and her sister Gwen Gordy Fuqua. Gordy later became known as a songwriter for several hits including the Originals' "Baby, I'm for Real", and at least two songs on Marvin Gaye's What's Going On album. The first wife of Gaye, their turbulent marriage later served as inspiration for Gaye's 15th studio album, Here, My Dear.

Life and career

Born Anna Ruby Gordy on January 28, 1922, in Oconee, Georgia, she was the third-eldest child of Berry Gordy Sr. (Berry Gordy II) and Bertha Ida (née Fuller) Gordy's eight children. Into her first year, Gordy's family relocated to Detroit. Following graduation from high school in 1940, Gordy relocated to California, which is where Gordy's younger brother Berry moved after he dropped out of high school to form a boxing career. Returning to Detroit in the mid-1950s, she and younger sister Gwen became operators of the photo concession at Detroit's Flame Show Bar.

By the late 1950s, members of the Gordy clan were getting involved with the music business. In 1956, Anna began her career distributing records for Checker Records. In about 1957, she distributed a few recordings for Gone Records. In 1958, Anna and Gordy's younger sister Gwen founded the label Anna Records with musician Billy Davis, a year before Berry launched Tamla Records. Anna distributed Tamla's first national hit, Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)". Artists such as David Ruffin and Joe Tex also recorded for the label, and Marvin Gaye became a session musician with the company. After the label was absorbed as a subsidiary of Motown in 1961, Gordy joined Motown as a songwriter. Some of her early compositions were recorded by Gaye and Mary Wells. In 1965, Gordy co-wrote Stevie Wonder's "What Christmas Means to Me".

Gordy later co-composed the Originals' hits "Baby, I'm for Real" and "The Bells" with Marvin Gaye. Gordy's name was included as a co-songwriter on two songs on Gaye's 1971 album, What's Going On, including "Flyin' High (In the Friendly Sky)" and "God Is Love". In 1973, Gordy's name was included in the credits to the song "Just to Keep You Satisfied", which was originally recorded in 1969 by the Monitors, and recorded by the Originals two years later. Gaye's version was overdubbed from the Originals recording and reversed the song's romantic lyrics for a more solemn view of the end of a marriage. Gordy left Motown at the end of the 1970s and retired from the music industry.

Personal life
Gordy met Marvin Gaye in 1959 when he was 20 years old and singing with Harvey and the New Moonglows. Gaye soon began working at Anna Records and soon developed an attraction to Gordy. They eventually began dating in 1960. After a three-year courtship, they married in June 1963.

Inspired by their romance, Marvin penned hit singles about Anna including "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" and "Pride & Joy." Of "Pride and Joy", Gaye said, "When I composed 'Pride and Joy', I was head over heels in love with Anna. I just wrote what I felt about her, and what she did for me. She was my pride and joy."

The marriage between Marvin and Anna was reportedly turbulent, including two public spats. In order to bring some stability to their home life, Anna and Marvin adopted a boy born on November 17, 1966, who was named Marvin Pentz Gaye III, after his adoptive father. The boy was said to have been naturally conceived by Anna and Marvin in Motown's public relations stories of the couple, but Marvin confirmed his adoption in David Ritz's biography, Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. In later years, the identity of the mother was revealed to be Denise Gordy, Anna's niece.

In 1971, the couple moved to Hollywood. Two years later, they filed for legal separation. Gaye settled in with a young woman named Janis Hunter, with whom he had two children. In November 1975, Gordy filed for divorce. After nearly two years, the case was settled in Gordy's favor after Gaye agreed to remit a portion of his royalties from his next album to her. The resulting album, Here, My Dear, gave audiences a view of the marriage from Marvin's point of view. After its release in December 1978, Gordy threatened to sue Marvin for $5 million for the invasion of privacy. Nothing came of her threat.

In the 1980s, Marvin and Anna reconciled as friends, and Anna accompanied Marvin to industry events following the release of his comeback album Midnight Love, in 1982. Anna attended the Grammy Awards in 1983, at which Marvin was awarded two trophies. Marvin's death in 1984 devastated Anna; later she and Marvin's three children scattered most of his ashes near the Pacific Ocean, while she kept a portion. When Marvin was honored with induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Anna and Marvin Gaye III accepted on his behalf.

Gordy never remarried. Her last public appearance was in June 2008. She attended a Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Heart Foundation event at which her brother Berry was honored.

Death
Gordy died of natural causes on January 31, 2014, three days after her 92nd birthday. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park – Hollywood Hills, Courts of Remembrance, Sanctuary of Enduring Protection.

References

External links

1922 births
2014 deaths
American women songwriters
American women in business
African-American businesspeople
American businesspeople
African-American composers
African-American women composers
African-American songwriters
American women composers
American composers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Anna
Gordy family
Motown people
Musicians from Detroit
People from Washington County, Georgia
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Songwriters from Michigan
African-American women musicians

Anna Gordy Gaye


Masaki Ogata (小県 真樹, born 1964) is a professional 9 dan Japanese Go player. He became an insei at the Nihon Ki-in in 1976 under Tsuchida Masamitsu, and turned professional in 1980. Ogata won the Kido magazine Shinjin (English: "New player") award with 38 wins and 8 losses in 1983, and the Kido award for most wins in 1988 with a record of 39 wins, 1 draw and 13 losses. He is currently affiliated with the Nagoya branch of the Nihon Ki-in.

Titles & runners-up

Notes

1964 births
Japanese Go players
Living people
Sportspeople from Gifu Prefecture

Masaki Ogata


Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild (24 February 1868 – 30 June 1949), also known as Baron Édouard de Rothschild was an aristocrat,  French financier and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.

Early life
Born in Paris, Édouard de Rothschild was the only son of Baron Alphonse James de Rothschild (1827–1905). His mother was Leonora de Rothschild (1837–1911), the daughter of Lionel de Rothschild of the English branch of the family. He was raised in a Paris mansion at 2 rue Saint-Florentin, which is now home to the United States Embassy,  as well as at Château de Ferrières in the country.

Career
Only a few months after Édouard's marriage, his father died and he formally took over the running of de Rothschild Frères bank. His grandfather and the French bank founder, James Mayer de Rothschild, had stipulated "that the three branches of the family descended from him always be represented." As such, Édouard would be joined by the sons of two different uncles: cousin Robert Philippe de Rothschild (1880–1946) and cousin Maurice de Rothschild (1881–1957). Édouard was cautious by nature and often old-fashioned in his ideas, an attitude which extended to his personal dress and office décor. Like his father, Édouard too was appointed a director of the Banque de France. In 1911, he negotiated a deal with Henri Deterding for his Royal Dutch Shell company to purchase the Rothschilds' Azerbaijan oil fields.

In 1937, the government of France nationalized the country's railways including a major Rothschild railway asset owned in partnership with the English branch of the family. They had owned the Chemin de Fer du Nord rail transport company for almost 100 years and had an interest in the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée railway which Robert represented for the family on its board of directors.

Because of cousin Maurice's perceived flamboyant playboy image and his conduct in political and business activities, Édouard considered him to be something of a black sheep. They tolerated each other for the sake of the business but by the middle of the 1930s their differences reached a point where Édouard and cousin Robert decided to force Maurice out of de Rothschild Frères bank. After extensive and bitter negotiations, a buyout was reached through an arbitrator.

Édouard de Rothschild inherited a share of the Château Lafite Rothschild vineyard in Bordeaux plus he also came into a valuable art collection from his father which he expanded through a number of important purchases. His large collection included pieces by prominent sculptors such as Jean-Louis Lemoyne and paintings from Vigée-Lebrun, Rembrandt and The Astronomer by Vermeer, amongst others.

Thoroughbred horse racing/Polo

Like his father, Édouard de Rothschild invested in thoroughbred horse racing. A horse enthusiast who also liked to ride, he was a good polo player and a member of a team that competed in Polo at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

He inherited Haras de Meautry, a thoroughbred horse breeding farm in Touques, Calvados about 130 miles north of Paris. His sister Béatrice married Maurice Ephrussi whose family owned an estate at the village of Reux about eight miles away. In 1868, Édouard acquired the property and the Château de Reux remains in family hands to this day.

Édouard de Rothschild kept a stable of thoroughbreds at the Chantilly Racecourse in Chantilly, Oise and raced horses at racecourses throughout France with great success. Among the major races his horses won were:
 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe - (2) - Brantôme (1934), Eclair au Chocolat (1938)
 Critérium de Saint-Cloud - (3) - Rocking Chair (1921), Tonnelle (1936) Tricaméron (1938)
 Critérium International - (4) - Flamant (1926), Godiche (1929), Brantôme (1933) Téléférique (1936)
 Grand Prix de Paris - (2) - Sans Souci II (1907) Crudité (1935)
 Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud - (4) - Prédicateur (1913), Cadum (1925), Bubbles (1929) Genièvre (1939)
 Poule d'Essai des Poulains - (2) Mont Blanc (1922) Brantôme (1934)
 Poule d'Essai des Pouliches - (4) - Flowershop (1920), Nephthys (1921), La Dame de Trèfle (1925) Ligne de Fond(1932)
 Prix de Diane - (5) - Quenouille (1919), Flowershop (1920), Perruche Bleue (1932), Vendange (1933) Péniche (1935)
 Prix du Cadran - (5) - Prédicateur (1913), Cadum (1925), Cacao (1929), Brantôme (1935) Chaudière (1936)
 Prix Jacques le Marois - (3) - Ivain (1924), Vitamine (1927) Aromate (1935)
 Prix Morny - (2) - Justitia (1898) Brantôme (1933)
 Prix Lupin - (7) - Sans Souci (1907), Floraison (1912), Le Farina (1914), Bubbles (1928), Brantome (1934), Aromate (1935), Bacchus (1939)
 Prix Royal-Oak - (5) - Stéarine (1919), Cacao (1928), Brantôme (1934), Bokbul (1935) Eclair au Chocolat (1938)
 Prix Vermeille - (2) - Stearine (1919) Tonnelle (1937)

During the German occupation of France in World War II, the Nazis seized some of the best racehorses in the country, shipping more than six hundred of them to Germany for racing and/or breeding. Among the horses stolen was Édouard de Rothschild's champion Brantôme who was sent to the German National Stud. The horse was repatriated at the end of the war in 1945 and became a leading sire.

Nazi occupation and Vichy France, 1940–44
The rise to power of Adolf Hitler's National Socialist party in Germany and the subsequent Anschluss of Austria to Germany saw a wave of Jews, and others the Nazis labeled as "undesirables," seek refuge in France. Most of these people escaped with little more than a suitcase of clothes. In March 1939, Édouard's wife Germaine converted an old house near the Château de Ferrières into a hostel for some 150 of these displaced persons.

Nazi Germany attacked  France in 1940. In July 1940 Petain's French Government ordered the confiscation of the property of Baron Edouard de Rothschild and Louis Louis-Dreyfus. In 1939, Édouard's son Guy joined the French Army and his daughter Jacqueline escaped with her husband Gregor Piatigorsky to the United States.  Before leaving, Édouard de Rothschild tried to hide as much of his valuable art collection as possible, on the grounds of the Haras de Meautry farm and at his Château de Reux. The Nazis confiscated his collection.

With his wife and second daughter Bethsabée, Edouard de Rothschild left France, escaping via Lisbon, Portugal to New York City.  With the Allied liberation of France in 1944, Édouard de Rothschild and his wife returned home, where he died in Paris in 1949 at the age of eighty-one. His son Guy took over as head of the family bank.

Personal life
On 1 March 1905, Edouard de Rothschild married Germaine Alice Halphen (1884–1975). They had four children, but according to his daughter Jacqueline, neither parent paid much attention to them. Their children were:
Édouard Alphonse Émile Lionel de Rothschild (1906–1911). He died at the age of five of appendicitis. According to the autobiography of his sister Jacqueline, the young English nurse of the two Rothschild boys had not told their mother that the boy had been ill and suffering for months before a doctor could diagnose appendicitis. The boy died shortly after the operation: "My parents set up an operating room in Ferrières which, of course, was not sterile, nor did it have the facilities of a hospital."
Guy Édouard Alphonse Paul de Rothschild (1909–2007), who from 1937 to 1956 was married to Baroness Alix Hermine Jeanette Schey de Koromla (1911–1982), and who later married Baroness Marie-Hélène van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1927–1996) in 1957
Jacqueline Rebecca Louise de Rothschild (1911–2012), who from 1930 to 35 was married to Robert Calmann-Levy (1899–1982), and who later married renowned cellist Gregor Piatigorsky (1903–1976) in 1937. In her autobiography she explains her birth in Paris on November 11,1911 (the year her brother Alphonse had died of appendicitis (see above) as follows: "My mother came home from the funeral [of my brother] and said, 'I want another child immediately.' Nine months later I was born. I came to replace a neglected and lost son. I was loved with guilt.I was treasured with fear. Yes, I was a Rothschild, but a girl. Were my parents disappointed? I wondered."
Bethsabée Louise Émilie Béatrice de Rothschild (1914–1999), who from 1948 to 1951 was married to Donald Bloomingdale (1913–1954),

Cultural references
 Appears as a minor character in the historical-mystery novel Stone's Fall, by Iain Pears.

References

External links

1868 births
1949 deaths
Businesspeople from Paris
Edouard Alphonse James
French bankers
French financiers
French polo players
French viticulturists
French racehorse owners and breeders
French art collectors
French duellists
French male sailors (sport)
Regents of the Banque de France
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Polo players at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic polo players for France
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Olympic medalists in polo
Owners of Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winners
19th-century French Jews

Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild


Adam Selzer (born July 13, 1980, in Des Moines, Iowa) is an American author, originally of young adult and middle grade novels, though his work after 2011 has primarily been adult nonfiction.

Biography

Adam Selzer's first novel was How To Get Suspended and Influence People, a 2007 Random House novel which was included on the Chicago Public Schools 2007 Summer Reading List. It was also nominated for a Cybils 2007 Young Adult Fiction award, and, in 2009, made national news after attempts were made to have it removed from an Idaho library; it was included in the American Library Association's Banned Books Week packet in 2010. In 2013, his 2011 novel Sparks (published under the name "SJ Adams") was named a Stonewall Honor book, as well as being placed on the ALA's "Rainbow List." His Smart Aleck's Guide to American History (Random House 2009) was nominated for a YALSA award for nonfiction by the American Library Association in 2011, and his novel for younger readers,  I Put a Spell On You: From the Files of Chrissie Woodward, Spelling Bee Detective (which was based on Watergate) was nominated for a Great Lakes Book Award and short-listed for an Edgar award nomination. It became a notable choice for classroom reading. A 2009 short film he co-wrote, At Last, Okemah!, won awards at multiple festivals.

In 2009, Adam's editor at Random House asked him to write a book based on "I Thought She Was a Goth," a song he had written a decade earlier. The resulting book, I Kissed a Zombie and I Liked It was released in January 2010. to acclaim from trade reviewers, who described it as "smart," "original," "hilarious," and "a scathing parody (of the paranormal romance genre)". Film rights were optioned by Disney Channel Original Movies A follow-up (to both that book and I Put a Spell On You) entitled Extraordinary* was released by Delacorte in 2011, the same day as he published Sparks with Flux under the name SJ Adams.

His first nonfiction book for Random House was The Smart Aleck's Guide to American History, and was selected as a Junior Library Guild selection. Critics frequently compared the humor to that of The Daily Show and Mark Twain.

Most of his books (and many of his songs) take place in Cornersville Trace, a fictional suburb of Des Moines.

In addition to his book work, Adam works as a historian, tour guide and ghost investigator in Chicago. In 2009, his first adult nonfiction title with a major publisher, Your Neighborhood Gives Me the Creeps, told stories of his life and work as a ghost tour guide and as a skeptic in the ghost-hunting field.  He stepped down from his position with Weird Chicago Tours after the Halloween season in 2009. In 2011, he returned to tour guide work for the Chicago Hauntings tour company and continued with them until 2015.

In 2017 he released the first comprehensive biography of Chicago multi-murderer HH Holmes.

List of works

Novels
How to Get Suspended and Influence People, Delacorte Press, 2007
Pirates of the Retail Wasteland, Delacorte Press, 2008
I Put a Spell On You, Delacorte Press, 2008
I Kissed a Zombie and I Liked I, Delacorte Press 2010
Andrew North Blows Up the World, Delacorte Press, 2009
Extraordinary: The True Story of My Fairy Godparent, Who Almost Killed Me, and Certainly Never Made Me a Princess Delacorte Press 2011
Sparks, Flux 2011 (writing as S.J. Adams)
Play Me Backward Simon & Schuster 2014
Just Kill Me Simon & Schuster 2016

Nonfiction
The Smart Aleck's Guide to American History, Delacorte Press 2009
Your Neighborhood Gives Me the Creeps: True Tales of an Accidental Ghost Hunter, Llewellyn Press, 2009
Weird Chicago: The Book (with Troy Taylor and Ken Melvoin-Berg), Whitechapel Press, 2008
Fatal Drop: True Tales of the Chicago Gallows White Chapel Press January, 2009 (under the name William Griffith)
Speaking Ill of the Dead: Jerks in Chicago History Globe Pequot Press 2012
The Ghosts of Chicago Llewellyn Press September 2013
The Ghosts of Lincoln Llewellyn Press 2015
Flickering Empire: How Chicago Invented the US Film Industry Columbia University Press 2015
Mysterious Chicago Skyhorse Publishing 2016
HH Holmes: The True History of the White City Devil Skyhorse Publishing 2017
Graceland Cemetery: Chicago Stories, Symbols, and Secrets

Ebook Releases
Chicago Unbelievable Presents: The Murder Castle of H.H. Holmes (mini ebook) (editor), Whitechapel Press, 2008
Bobcat Nation: Life among the Dylan Fans A Goon Attack Press (ebook) October, 2004 [ASIN B004GKMP5I]
The Smart Aleck's Guide to Grave Robbing [Open etc.] 2011)
The Smart Aleck's Guide to Shakespeare: Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth [Open etc.] 2011
The Resurrection Mary Files Llewellyn Press 2013
Devil Babies: Hull House and Beyond  Llewellyn Press 2013
Inside the Murder Castle  Llewellyn Press 2013
 Just Kill Me  2016

Screenplays
At Last, Okemah! (short film) Lost Tree Lane 2009

References

External links
Adam Selzer's Website
Chicago Unbelievable Blog

1980 births
American children's writers
Living people

Adam Selzer


Julio Mairini Linares Rijo (born December 26, 1941) is the special advisor, Latin American player development, for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball and a former player, coach, scout, and manager in the professional ranks.

Born in San Pedro de Macorís in the Dominican Republic, Linares spent most of his uniformed career at the minor league level; however, he served in the Majors for three seasons (1994–96) as an Astros' coach.

As a player, Linares was a ,  second baseman and shortstop who threw and batted right-handed.  He first played professional baseball at age 15 in 1957, when he appeared in two games with the Tucson Cowboys of the Class C Arizona–Texas League. He was on the roster of the Salinas Packers of the Class C California League in 1958, but did not play. He then spent 1959 out of baseball until he signed with the San Francisco Giants' organization in 1960, where he played 13 seasons, including four at the Triple-A level, but was never summoned to the Majors.

After his retirement as a player following the 1972 season, Linares joined the Astros as a minor-league coach, manager and instructor.  He managed at the Rookie-league level for 13 years (1976–79; 1985–86; 1989–93; 1997–98) with the Covington Astros and the Gulf Coast Astros, scouted in 1987–88, and also served as a roving infield instructor in the Astro farm system. In 1994, he was promoted to serve as a coach on the Major League staff of Houston manager Terry Collins, and stayed through 1996 before returning to the helm of the GCL Astros.  From 1999 through 2004, he worked as the Astros' director of operations in the Dominican Republic, before his promotion to assistant to the general manager/Dominican Operations in 2005. His son Rodney, a longtime minor league manager in the Houston organization, is the  third-base coach of the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball.

References

External links

Coach's page in Retrosheet

1941 births
Living people
Amarillo Giants players
El Paso Sun Kings players
Eugene Emeralds players
Fresno Giants players
Houston Astros coaches
Houston Astros executives
Houston Astros scouts
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Minor league baseball managers
Baseball players from San Pedro de Macorís
Phoenix Giants players
Quincy Giants players
Rio Grande Valley Giants players
Springfield Giants players
Tucson Cowboys players
Victoria Giants players
Waterbury Giants players

Julio Linares (baseball)


Manuel Antonio Chaves or Chávez (October 18, 1818? – January, 1889), known as El Leoncito (the little lion), was a soldier in the Mexican Army and then became a rancher  who lived in New Mexico. His life was full of incident, and his courage and marksmanship became literally legendary in his own time. In documented history, as an American soldier he helped win the American Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass and was in command during an important fight in the Navajo Wars. As a Mexican soldier he probably negotiated the surrender of a large part of the Texan Santa Fe Expedition.

Biography
Chaves, a lineal descendant of one of the Spanish conquistadores led by Don Juan de Oñate, was born in the village of Atrisco, just west of Alburquerque, then part of the Spanish Empire. At the age of about sixteen, he participated in a trading expedition or slave-taking raid to the Navajo country. His party of approximately fifty ran into a ceremonial gathering of thousands of Navajos, probably at Canyon de Chelly, and was overwhelmed. Chaves, severely wounded by arrows and the only survivor, made his way home alone and without provisions, a journey of almost 200 miles.

The historian Marc Simmons speculates that Chaves's first formal military experience may have been in August 1837, under the command of his cousin Manuel Armijo, who put down an uprising in Santa Fe and made himself governor of New Mexico, by then a province of an independent Mexico. At any rate, in 1839 Chaves was commissioned as an ensign (alférez) in the rural mounted militia. In 1841, he probably negotiated the surrender of about half of the Texas Santa Fe Expedition. According to Twitchell (1909), Chaves received the cross of honor from the Mexican government for that service.

U.S. invasion and afterwards
When the United States invaded in 1846, Chaves again went to fight for Armijo as a militia officer, but Armijo's surrender ended the Battle of Santa Fe before it began. In 1847 Chaves (after having spent some time in jail on suspicion of helping an abortive uprising in Santa Fe) swore an oath of allegiance to the United States. He declined a commission as an officer and enlisted as a private in the U.S. force that put down the Taos Revolt. At the Siege of Pueblo de Taos he saved his captain, Ceran St. Vrain, by clubbing with his rifle a Puebloan with whom St. Vrain was struggling.

Chaves spent the following decade as a rancher, businessman (trading with Indians among others), and Indian fighter. In 1860 he became a lieutenant-colonel in a militia unit, the Second New Mexico Mounted Volunteers, that had just been formed to fight the Navajos and Apaches. The following year, when he was commander of Fort Fauntleroy (later Fort Wingate) and an armistice had been made with the Navajos, allegations of cheating in a horse race led to a fight between his men and visiting Navajos in which a number of Navajos were killed. This event was crucial in the resumption of hostilities that led to the forced Long Walk of the Navajo in 1863 (Dunlay 2000). Kit Carson arrested Chaves after the fight, but with the circumstances of the killings unclear and the Civil War underway, Colonel Edward Canby suspended the house arrest after two months.

In 1862 General Henry Sibley led a force of Texans in an attempt to capture New Mexico for the Confederacy. Chaves, who had declared for the Union, fought with his militia at the Union defeat at Valverde. Then at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, Canby and Major John Chivington chose Chaves to guide Chivington's force to the Confederate supply train. The regular Union soldiers and New Mexico militia destroyed the supplies, which forced the Confederates to retreat to Texas. Although official military records barely mentioned Chaves (Union Army Operations 1960, cited in Simmons 1973), other contemporary accounts described his actions (Whitford 1906, Hays n.d., cited in Simmons).

Chaves was honorably discharged in 1863 (after the dismissal of allegations that he had sold Army wagons for his profit). In that year he engaged in what he later called his greatest fight. A group of Navajos were raiding the Rio Grande valley near Socorro, killing many people and driving off herds of cattle, horses, and sheep. They took captive a son of Matías Contreras, a prominent local citizen. As Contreras would not wait for troops from Fort Craig, Chaves led some 15 civilians on muleback against over 100 Navajos. The Navajos attacked Chaves's group at a spring called Ojo de la Mónica, immediately killing all the mules with rifle shots and forcing their pursuers to take cover. As Chaves was the best marksman, he fired his own rifle and also some of the others' while they reloaded his. By nightfall, only Chaves, Contreras, and one other man remained alive. At dawn they found that the Navajos had retreated, not knowing that Chaves had only three bullets left. (Contreras ransomed his son some months later.)

In 1863, the Long Walk ended the Indian wars in most of New Mexico. Chaves spent the rest of his life ranching in the San Mateo Mountains, building his home within a hundred feet of oak trees where he had rested in his flight from Canyon de Chelly as a teenager. Immediately behind those trees he built a family chapel, where he was buried along with his wife and children.

Depiction in fiction
Chaves appears as a minor character in Death Comes for the Archbishop by Willa Cather, who consulted with Chaves's son Amado. Chaves is depicted as a friend of Archbishop "Latour" (Jean Baptiste Lamy). However, the only interaction between Chaves and Lamy known to history is that, probably during the late 1850s, Lamy excommunicated Chaves during a dispute over the property line between a chapel and Chaves's house in Santa Fe. Chaves, his half-brother Román Baca, and a servant brought loaded rifles to the next Mass, and the priest did not read the order of excommunication.

See also

Hispanics in the American Civil War

Notes

References

Further reading

1818 births
1889 deaths
History of slavery in New Mexico
United States Army officers
Mexican soldiers
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
People of New Mexico in the American Civil War
People of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico
People from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Union Army officers
People of the Taos Revolt
American people of the Mexican–American War

Manuel Antonio Chaves


Nitish Kumar Sengupta (23 September 1934, Palang, Faridpur  − 3 November 2013, New Delhi) was an Indian academician, administrator, politician and author.

Biography
He studied at Jhargram Kumud Kumari Institution and graduated with Gold Medals in his Bachelors and Masters subjects ( from Presidency College when it was affiliated to the University of Calcutta). He joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1957 and held positions such as the Revenue Secretary of the Government of India and Member Secretary of the Indian Planning Commission. After completing his doctorate in management from Delhi University, he lectured at several universities and leading management schools in the country

He represented India at the UN Commission on Transnational Corporations and was elected as Chairman 1981-82. After his retirement, he was director-general of the International Management Institute, New Delhi.

He entered politics in 1996 and was elected to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha, where he served as member of several key committees, notably the Public Accounts Committee. He was also general secretary, All India Trinamool Congress and chairman at the Board for Reconstruction of Public Sector Enterprises, New Delhi. He had been a regular columnist in leading dailies and was the author of twelve books, including several related to management. As a historian, his well-known works are  A History of the Bengali-speaking People, Dr B.C. Roy: a Biography and Bengal Divided. He had also authored The Unshackling of Indian Industry: Government and Business, Inside the Steel Frame and My Times—A Civil Servant Remembers.

Sengupta played a key role in the revitalization of India's capital markets in the 1980s. He had earlier been a diligent builder
 of the Licence Raj while he was deputy secretary in the Department of Company Affairs from March 1968, just as government policy was changing from what he called "benign aloofness" to "massive intervention in corporate business", most notably in the nationalization of major Indian banks in 1969.

For many years he lived in Chittaranjan Park, New Delhi. He died from a cardiac arrest in New Delhi on 3 November 2013.

References

External links
 "Hollowness of China's Claims over Tibet", by Nitish Sengupta, 7 April 2008

Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata
Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
Bengali people
Indian civil servants
20th-century Indian historians
1933 births
2013 deaths
Writers from Kolkata
Indian autobiographers
Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal

Nitish Sengupta


Vinh is a city in north-central Vietnam. About 230,000 people live there. Its name in the Vietnamese language does not have any diacritics. It is also the kingdom of the Albino Gorillas, one of the rarest mammals in the world. They can only can be found in and around the city of Vinh. The most recent sighting of an Albino Gorilla was in 2004 by a college professor that was in Vinh studying many human cultures. Many important people of the Vietnamese revolution were born in or nearby Vinh, including Ho Chi Minh.

Cities in Vietnam

Vinh


The list below refers to characters of Ultraman, the manga adaptation from the original 1966 tokusatsu series of the same name. This manga soon received its motion comic adaptation and provided with voice actors.

SSSP
The , abbreviated as , is an attack team that had protected the Earth from monster threats and alien invasions from the past. Following Hayata's separation from Ultraman after his defeat from Zetton, SSSP disbanded and had its original base turned into  museum made for remembering the SSSP and Ultraman's missions. In truth, the SSSP operated from shadows and had since protected Hayata and his entire family from being government test subjects after discovering his connection to Ultraman and the fact that he possessed what remains from Ultraman's power. The current SSSP is now led by Edo and several remaining members of the original SSSP.

As several outlaw aliens emerge, SSSP finally revealed themselves to the society and created -empowered suits based on the original Ultraman, known as  to counter these aliens. At one point, it was considered for cancellation until Shinjiro's development in his flying ability saved the project.

Voiced by: Ryohei Kimura (motion comic, anime), Megumi Han (child) (motion comic) (Japanese); Josh Hutcherson, Cassandra Lee Morris (child) (English)
The 17 year old protagonist of this manga. As the son of Shin Hayata, Shinjiro inherited his father's , which gives him superhuman strength and resilience, as shown when he was able to survive from a fall at the age of 5. He also tried to master these abilities by jumping from high buildings while keeping it as a secret to resume a normal life. However, once the emergence of an alien named Bemular threatened him and his father's life, Shinjiro was forced to be enlisted as a member of SSSP. At the request of Edo, Shinjiro was provided with a finalized model of the Ultraman Suit which he used to fight against outlaw aliens, as well as inheriting the title "Ultraman". In a mock battle staged by SSSP, with the hired Red fighting against Shinjiro, the boy soon developed an additional ability to maneuver anti-gravity flight, thus saving the Utraman Suit project from cancellation.
While in use of the suit, Shinjiro utilizes a similar fighting stance to the original hero and wields a pair of  underneath his arms. These blades can be modified when Shinjiro utilizes the original Ultraman's , performed by having his forearms form a cross stance, with his left arm in a horizontal position and placed forward while his right arm is in a vertical position and placed backward. In contrast to the original, Shinjiro's variant had the beam released from his left Spacium Blade instead of the right arm. The small light on his chest is the  (based on Ultraman's Color Timer) which can be removed to access Shinjiro's full power as a last resort tactic. Edo soon provides him with a mimicry system which allows him to become "Ultraman" via holographic disguise should the Ultraman Suit be incapable of being deployed.

Voiced by: Takayuki Sugō (motion comic), Hideyuki Tanaka (anime) (Japanese); Fred Tatasciore (English)
The original "Ultraman" and Shinjiro's father. He has been given the title of Minister of Defense at the beginning of the story. Long ago in the past, he bonded with Ultraman but loses his memory after the giant left him. Following the "dissolution" of SSSP, Hayata has settled down and had a family, with a son named Shinjiro Hayata. When Shinjiro was a 5-year-old child, Hayata discovered his son's abnormality when the boy fell from a great height and finally regained his lost memories after Ide showed him the footage of Bemular attacking an airplane. Hayata also inherited the Ultraman Factor (which also passed to Shinjiro) and unknowingly had his entire family protected by his former teammates from being the government's test subjects. Due to this, Hayata enlisted into the reformed SSSP once more and had a hand in developing the Ultraman Suits. Hayata wore the prototype of the Ultraman Suit, called the Proto Suit and first used it to fight Bemular when he threatened Shinjiro's safety. But as the suit was in fact a prototype, Hayata was defeated by Bemular until Shinjiro returned with the finalized Ultraman Suit, using it to fend off against Bemular before he retreated. Hayata would later oversee his son and the entire SSSP's activities after finally passing the "Ultraman" title to Shinjiro but once again returned to action when the Ace Killer Squad strikes. He is initially reluctant to have Shinjiro employed into SSSP, wanting his son to experience a normal life. He also views the Ultraman Factor as nothing more than a "curse".
The original  seems to be identical to that of the finalized version, though lacking a helmet and had its color scheme being black. Hayata fights using the Ultraman's fighting stance in his memory but is comparably weaker due to being lag behind from its finalized version. When Hayata returns to action, the suit was given a helmet based on the finalized version to hide his identity. During the final battle in New York, the suit is further modified with indentations on the chest and shoulder armor, making it Hayata the counterpart to Zoffy, the leader of the Ultra Brothers.

Voiced by: Masashi Ebara (motion comic), Ken Uo (anime) (Japanese); Brian Palermo (English)
A former member of the Japan Branch of the Science Special Search Party, and now chief of the . His intelligence in technology is expanded to the fact that he is able to fabricate footages, such as shrouding Bemular's plane attack as an accident to hide the alien's existence. He secretly has known that Hayata has recently transformed into Ultraman to fight monsters, revealing this fact to his friend at the Giant of Light Memorial, the secret base of the Science Special Search Party. He gives Shinjiro the Ultraman Suit and reveals the truth about his father to him. Although he usually appears stoic, he is angered by the Alien Adacic's actions.

Voiced by: Shigeru Ushiyama (motion comic, anime), (Japanese); DC Douglas (English)
The last surviving member of the Alien Zetton race after SSSP destroyed them in their last invasion for Earth. Edo was approached by Ide to join the SSSP as he agreed, having lend a hand in developing the Ultraman Suits. As the presence of alien beings were supposed to be made secret, Edo bears a wristwatch that allows him to create holographic disguise of a human when walking out in the human world. Knowing that there are times when the Ultraman Suit cannot be deployed, he gave Shinjiro another mimicry system in his possession that allowed the boy to become "Ultraman" via holographic disguise. As humanity were initially unprepared for the arrival of aliens, Edo's residential area is in fact the Giant of Light Memorial. He often felt nostalgic whenever he watched the diorama display of Ultraman and Zetton, reminiscing his days as an invader. Being an Alien Zetton, Edo only needed to sleep for two minutes a day. He is later revealed to be supreme chairman of the Star Cluster Council.
 In the anime, Edo masterminded a scheme to finish what his people began by first destroying Ultraman's credibility with the humans through Mephisto's help before killing Shinjiro with a Zetton to cement his ideals on humanity so they would join the Star Cluster Council of their free will. When the other Ultramen intervene and restore the peoples' faith in them, Edo equips Zetton-themed armor to personally battle Shinjiro and dies fighting him.
His appearance, such as wearing a business suit bears resemblance to the Alien Zetton infiltrator that appeared in episode 39 of Ultraman, along with the fact that his human form is also based on Dr. Iwamoto from said series, the same man that the Zettonian infiltrator used to disguise, though no connections between the two were revealed.

Voiced by: Tomokazu Seki (motion comic), Takuya Eguchi (anime) (Japanese); Liam O'Brien (English)
A stoic officer who had worked for a long time within SSSP. Although appearing as a human with short hair and glasses, he is in fact an alien in disguise. His job is to report to SSSP of any events and is usually dwelling around the Alien City for informations from police informant Jack. He has a rivalry with Shinjiro, doubted if the youth is fit enough to become an Ultraman. He also views Ultraman nothing more as an enforcer-like figure that instantly killed his opponents, which is not shared by the boy. Moroboshi later dons his own Ultraman Suit and revealed his alien heritage to Shinjiro when they pursue Seiji Hokuto. His name is in fact based on Dan Moroboshi from Ultra Seven.
Moroboshi's Ultraman Suit is called , which requires no Ultraman Factor and has a singular visor. His main weapon is the  katana and several throwing knives. According to Moroboshi, because of the lack of Ultraman Factor, his fighting skills relies on weaponries, as well as his swordsmanship. The Spacium Sword is empowered by Spacium energies and is capable of slicing through harder materials such as Alien Bris' exoskeleton. Soon, the Ultraman Suit was upgraded into Ver.7.2, which gives him an additional Spacium, two machine guns that are stored in his shoulders and a pair of  cannons. The entire suit and its throwing knives are based on Ultraseven and his Eye Slugger. Meanwhile, the Wide Shot cannons is based on the similarly finisher attack of said giant warrior.

Voiced by: Hiroko Sakurai (motion comic) (Japanese)
A former member of the Science Special Search Team with Hayata and Ide, but is now Moroboshi's superior officer.
She is the only character to be reprised by the actor from the original tokusatsu series.

Other Ultramen

Voiced by: Maaya Uchida (motion comic), Sumire Morohoshi (anime) (Japanese); Tara Sands (English)
A popular singer around Shinjiro's age. Her real name is . She is a fan of the original Ultraman, a trait that was passed from her father, and has fallen for the human-sized "Ultraman" after he saved her from Adacic's assault, thus becoming the inspiration for her third single, . She has no awareness of "Ultraman's" true identity, but  once, while visiting the Giant of Light Memorial, she appeared to Shinjiro and asked if they had met each other somewhere else. Rena has a strained relationship with her father due his obsession unmasking "Ultraman's" identity. She would later learn her mother was an alien who received a blood transfusion from Shin Hayata when she got injured during his fight with Zetton before she died from complications, giving Rena the Ultraman Factor as consequence. She wears the  to become an Ultrawoman.

Voiced by: Megumi Han (motion comic, anime) (Japanese); Gunnar Sizemore (English)
A 16-year-old student in Shinjiro's school, later revealed to one of the survivors that Bemular saved during Ace Killer's attack, placed in Yapool's care while outfitted with prosthetic limbs. He is skilled in investigating and views Shinjiro as an older brother/senior, as well as supporting him through the use of his own Ultraman Suit. Although Shinjiro has no qualms with it, Moroboshi refuses to acknowledge the boy as an "Ultraman" and almost killed him if it weren't for Shinjiro. His main reason of fighting as an Ultraman, influenced by his desire for Yuko to be happy, is killing Ace Killer to avenge those who died in the plane crash incident and eliminate those who refuses coexistence between humans and aliens. His name is based on the main lead protagonist of Ultraman Ace.
Hokuto's Ultraman Suit is called Ver.A, which materializes by pounding his prosthetic fists together. This suit is an analogous of Ultraman Ace from his titular series.

Voiced by: Keiji Fujiwara (motion comic). Ryota Takeuchi (anime) (Japanese); Robbie Daymond (English)
A human resident in the Alien City with superhuman strength, acting as an informant to Moroboshi. His real name is unknown. His job as an informant even leads him to multiple connections with several underworld alien organizations. He later acquires an bracelet build by Yapool to equip an Ultra Suit resembling Ultraman Jack from The Return of Ultraman.

Voiced by: Tomoaki Maeno (Japanese); Roger Craig Smith (English)
A Japanese civilian whose work as a photographer in New York City led to him gaining the ability to become a flame-based being during a run-in with Black Star agents, becoming a vigilante hero who later names himself "Ultraman Taro". The Taro Suit that Yapool developed for Kotaro functions as a limiter to prevent his flames from causing collateral damage.

Alien City Residents
The  is a hidden city beneath the surface. The only gateway to the surface are called , which installed in every country in the world while guarded by their respective governments. Accordingly, not many human lives in the Alien City, as the one identified so far is Jack.

Voiced by: Shirō Saitō (motion comic) (Japanese)
A giant alien with a long neck and a pointed head. He was originally a popular boxer, but has recently been dethroned by Jack, which also costed his right eye. Red King soon appeared to Jack and Shinjiro and demanded a rematch, with Jack instead sent in the boy as his replacement until Moroboshi stopped the fight in the midway. Sometime later, Red and Jack was hired by SSSP to create a commotion in the human world in hopes of witnessing any improvements in the Ultraman Suit. Prior to the attack, Jack had Red appeared in the human world through the use of wristwatch-type mimicry system that disguised him as a kindergarten child. While fighting Red, Shinjiro/"Ultraman" developed an ability to perform anti-gravity flight, allowing SSSP to maintain the Ultraman Suit project and gave Jack the signal to stop Red's assault.
Red's appearance is based on Red King from episode 8 of Ultraman. The limited edition of chapter 4 of the manga stated that its true name is , but due to the overly long name, Jack instead called him "Red" due to his resemblance to said monster.

Voiced by: Kentarō Itō (motion comic) (Japanese); Michael Yurchak (English)
A short and timid alien who was Rena's fan, formerly a prince from his home world who represented them in the Star Cluster Council. He took refuge on Earth after most of his kind were destroyed, taking a hikikomori lifestyle with his only connection to the outside world being an online website dedicated to Rena. Pigmon ended up befriending three fellow Rena fans who learned of his identity and exploit him into hiring Bris to kill those who troll the site. This results in Pygmon's death when Adad attacked Rena's concert to force the guilt-ridden alien into showing up and take an attack meant for Rena.
Although his initial appearance was timid, his true form was rather quite big and had a large tail. In his diminutive form, his body has a huge resilience. He is based on Pigmon from episode 8 of Ultraman.

Star Cluster Council
 is an alliance of intergalactic alien races that considers the Ultraman race and its lingering traces as threats to universal peace, revealed to be created by the mysterious Zetton Core to carry out its will.

Voiced by: Kōji Ishii (Japanese); Ray Chase (English)
A member of the Mefilas race who is a representative of the Star Cluster Council and head of its Japan branch, enlisting Adad to track down Bemular.

Voiced by: Kazuhiko Inoue (motion comic), Kenjiro Tsuda (anime) (Japanese); Steve Blum (English)
An alien immigration agent under the Star Cluster Council's employment whose primary mission is to track down Yapool on Earth. But his actions seems questionable due to the lengths he would go like committing atrocities on Earth by killing civilians. He first appeared trying to kill Rena and her fans in her 2018 concert as part of his scheme to ensnare and kill Pygmon, battling the Ultramen with Bemular briefly joining the fight. But after reporting Bemular's whereabouts to Mephisto, he later met with Bemular in private.
Adad's weapons are a knife stored on his rear waist and a combat staff used to counter Moroboshi's Spacium Sword. Aside from that, he is also able to use brute strength, due to modifications made on him and his people after his entire race being deemed too weak.
Adad is based on the Dada race that first appeared in episode 28 of Ultraman.

Black Star
 is an alien terrorist organization who believe their superiority gives them the right to conquer Earth, employing Alien Bado as foot soldiers.

 The leader of Black Star, leading the initial invasion of Earth with his demise arranged as a gambit for the next invasion force.
 Pedan's right hand, a strong alien who abducted Rei while he attacked Dan's family years ago.
 A four-armed swordsman.

 Dan's twin brother who Dealer abducted as a child, his body becoming a vessel for a Black Star member.

Other aliens

Voiced by: Tsutomu Isobe (motion comic), Kaiji Soze (anime) (Japanese); Matthew Mercer (English)
A mysterious alien who initially appeared to be the series' primary antagonist, assumed to be responsible for Ace Killer's attack twelve years prior. He since made himself an enemy of SSSP and Hayata by attempting to avoid them from participating the Star Cluster Council. Having fought against Hayata, he soon targeted Shinjiro for inheriting the Ultraman Factor. Although seemingly able to win against Hayata, the arrival of Shinjiro in finalized Ultraman Suit turn the tides and blew his entire left body before retreating. He soon reappeared once more sometime later and spied the activities of Rena and her father, Endo. He also appeared during Adad's rampage in Rena's concert and the two join forces against Shinjiro and Moroboshi in their Ultraman Suits. After the truth behind the plane attack is revealed, Bemular is later revealed to be the original Ultraman that bonded with Hayata.
Bemular's main fighting skills involves ranged combat and entirely relies on a purple exosuit he wears, which seemingly shared/based on the Ultraman Suit models. The exosuit possess built-in energy cannons and hidden arms. Bemular is themed after the similarly named monster from episode 1 of Ultraman, even revealed to be the first villain Shinjiro faced.

Voiced by: Yamato Kinjo (motion comic) (Japanese); Xander Mobus (English)
A petty criminal and the second enemy that Shinjiro fought, whose race was banned from entering Earth due to them hunting humanity for food. One single member managed to slip in by an unknown party and provided with equipment that allow him to hunt human victims. His attacks attracted the SSSP's attention and led to a fight with Shinjiro before he escaped. Sometime later, he almost killed Rena and her agent until Shinjiro reappeared and killed him through the removal of his Limiter. Although having saved the day, this event left him traumatized, due to Adacic being his first kill, as well as Edo and Ide discovered that there are more perpetrators behind the death of civilians with strange barcodes. Also before his death, Adacic realised that the third party that allow him to slip into Earth was manipulating him all along just to fight Shinjiro in his Ultraman Suit.
Adacic's main feature is a long tongue that he used to feed on human flesh and transfer their blood into his mouth area. Through a third party, he was provided with mechanical pincers that can launch plasma projectiles and a suit-like human disguise to approach his prey. He is themed after Cicada Human from Ultra Q while his pincers are in-jokes to the suit being modified into Alien Baltan in episode 2 of Ultraman.

Voiced by: Genya Ohira (Japanese); Lucien Dodge (English)
An alien criminal that SSSP faced at a warehouse, he was defeated by Shinjiro and brought to custody after begging for mercy to be spared.

Voiced by: Chihiro Nishimori (Japanese)
An alien hired by Alien Igaru Pigmon to kill officers Endo and Kurata after the two stalked him under the assumption for serial murders. This alien was faced by SSSP members and was killed by Moroboshi in his Ultraman Suit Ver.7.
He is based on Alien Metron from episode 8 of Ultra Seven.

 (Japanese); Mick Wingert (English)
An alien who was originally a scientist working for the Star Cluster Council. He disappeared from the group sometime later and had disguised as a human on Earth as he became the caretaker of Seiji Hokuto, creating the boy's prosthetic limbs after surviving the plane crash 12 years prior. Some of his inventions were contributed to the Ultraman Suits. He also created non-SSSP manufactured Ultraman Suits for Seiji, Jack, and Kotaro to use.
He is based on Yapool, the main antagonist of Ultraman Ace.

 (Japanese); Erin Fitzgerald (English)
An alien whose appearance resembles that of a human. She is a childhood friend of Seiji Hokuto.

 A beetle-like Kaiju created as a bioweapon by the Zettonians to conquer planets, being the original Ultraman's final opponent. In the anime, Edo arranged for a Zetton to appear on Earth as part of his endgame to subjugate humanity by destroying the current Ultraman.

Civilians

Voiced by: Kazuhiro Yamaji. Eiji Hanawa (anime) (Japanese); Chris Edgerly (English)
A police officer who is unwittingly drawn into the world of aliens living on the Earth during his investigations. Both him and daughter are  huge fans of the original Ultraman, but he is not able to accept the Ultraman Suit as heroes, dismissing them as SSSP's agents, and he is determined to unmask "Ultraman's" identity. However, Rena doesn't approve of this, resulting in the straining of their family relationship.

Voiced by: Reona Irie, Hirokazu Sekido (anime) (Japanese); Lucien Dodge (English)
Endo's junior partner.

Hokuto's mother
Voiced by: Miho Masaka (Japanese)
Hokuto's mother who was killed during Ace Killer's attack.

References

Ultraman
Comics characters introduced in 2011
Manga

List of Ultraman manga characters


Able may refer to:

 Able (1920 automobile), a small French cyclecar
 Able (rocket stage), an upper stage for Vanguard, Atlas, and Thor rockets
 Able (surname)
 ABLE account, a U.S. savings plan for people with disabilities
 Able UK, British ship breaking and recycling company
 Able, Colorado, a community in the United States
 Association for Better Living and Education, a non-profit Church of Scientology organization
 Oklahoma Alcoholic Beverage Laws Enforcement Commission, a.k.a. Able Commission
 USNS Able (T-AGOS-20), a U.S. Navy oceanographic survey ship
 Able space probes, probes in the Pioneer program
 Able, a U.S. 1946 nuclear weapon test, part of Operation Crossroads
 Able, one of the first two monkeys in space to return to Earth alive
 The first letter of the Able-Baker spelling alphabet

See also
 Hurricane Able, three hurricanes in the early 1950s
Abel (disambiguation)
Ability (disambiguation)
Ables (disambiguation)

Able


The Justice Society of America (JSA) is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The team was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox during the Golden Age of Comic Books. The JSA first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941). It was the first team of superheroes in comic books. The original members of the Justice Society of America were Doctor Fate, Hourman, the Spectre, Sandman, The Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman.

DC Comics

Justice Society of America


A microblog is a form of a blog where people send short messages of text or media (pictures, video, or sounds). These messages can be sent to a website and shown to either a small group or to the public. A "microblogger" (someone who uses a microblog) could send their messages from different sources including cell phone text messages, email, instant messages or through a website.

A microblog is usually different from a normal blog. It has much smaller pieces.  A microblog entry can be just one sentence, or a link to an image or short video. A person writing a microblog can use many ideas from "what am I doing now," to Race cars  or politics or information about their business or personal life.

Services

Micro blogs are in use in many ways on different websites. They became popular with sites like Twitter where people send messages to each other with text comments or links to other media. Newer sites are also available now which allow you to share media like videos, pictures or sounds directly instead of sending a link.

Many social networking sites (such as Facebook or MySpace) use a type of microblogging using status updates where the person tells their friends what they are thinking or doing.

Usage

A Harvard Business School study found that while most social networking websites are more popular with women microblogging, like Twitter, has been much more popular with men. Both men and women "followed" more men, this allows them to receive the messages that get sent out by the person they followed.

Micro blogs have also become new sources for news that just happened or is still happening, such as the terrorist attacks on Mumbai in November 2008.

Microblogging at work
A new idea for Micro blogging has been to turn it into a way to talk to other people about work. It allows a person to give quick news or information to the people they work without sending a lot of emails and without the spam they get in their email account. New companies such as Yammer have been started who want to help allow workers to talk to each other with about work and share what they need.

References

Internet

Microblog