The performance of Bolivia during the Falklands War refers to all the acts that the country carried out during the time that the war in the Falklands Islands lasted. Bolivia had become in 1833 the first country in the Americas to protest the English invasion of the Falkland Islands.

History

19th century
The history of Bolivia with the Malvinas Islands begins during the British occupation of 1833, since during that time Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz Calahumana (who ruled Bolivia for a decade from 1829 to 1839) and once he heard the news of the English invasion of the islands, Santa Cruz decided to send a letter of protest to King William IV of the United Kingdom in which he stated that Bolivia only recognized the Argentine Republic as a territorial unit over the Malvinas. Said Bolivian letter was also sent to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the time, Charles Gray, in addition to also sending another copy of the original to the city of Buenos Aires.

20th century

Bolivian Government and the Falklands Islands

When the Falklands War broke out on April 2, 1982, Bolivia was governed at that time by a military dictatorship under the command of Army General Celso Torrelio Villa. It is worth mentioning that some Bolivian soldiers were willing to help Argentina and a clear example of this were the statements to the press by the then commander of the Bolivian Air Force (FAB), General Natalio Morales Mosquera, who said the following:

British threat to Bolivia
But the statements of the commander of the Bolivian Air Force did not go unnoticed by the British Embassy in Bolivia, which also spoke before the press and publicly asked President Celso Torrelio Villa to confirm once and for all whether Bolivia has also opted for starting hostilities against the UK. A few hours later, the news broke that England had privately and secretly warned the Bolivian government (in a threatening tone) to apply harsh economic sanctions to Bolivia, especially in the mining area, in case the country decides to enter the war in support of Argentina because it should be remembered that at that time the first and main pillar of the Bolivian economy was still mining.

It is in this way that, in order to avoid a possible trade embargo on the entire country, the lawyer and diplomat Gonzalo Romero Álvarez García, who at that time held the high position of Foreign Minister of Bolivia, decided to recommend that the Bolivian president not intervene in the war in favor of Argentina. but neither be against it but rather adopt a policy of neutrality in the face of the Malvinas conflict.

Bolivian Society and the Falklands Islands

Although the Bolivian government had adopted a neutral position in the face of the conflict, the same had not happened with Bolivian society, since on May 26, 1982, the governor of the Province of Salta, Roberto Augusto Ulloa, together with the Bolivian Center of Salta and the Federation of Bolivian Ex-combatants of the Chaco War (1932-1935) announced to the Argentine press that at that time there were at least 25,000 Bolivian citizens who were willing to go to the battlefront, all offering themselves as volunteers. to defend the Malvinas Islands by repelling the English invasion.

Likewise, according to the "Rattenbach Report", it indicates that some young people of Bolivian nationality, as well as many Argentine citizens who descended from Bolivian parents who at that time were fulfilling their compulsory military service in Argentina, were sent to the battlefront by the military authorities. It is worth mentioning that although the exact number of Bolivians who participated in the war is still unknown at present, it is nevertheless confirmed that they were present in the war.

Although according to the Argentine journalist and writer Daniel Kon, who is the author of the book "Los Chicos de la Guerra" (The War Boys), he points out that several Argentine soldiers of Bolivian origin who were in the war were mistreated and discriminated against because of their physical features..

Peruvian Mirage III aircraft through Bolivia

In June 1982, with the advance of the war and the already evident shortage of Argentine warplanes, Peru decided to collaborate militarily with Argentina by secretly sending it some 10 French-made Dassault Mirage III fighter planes belonging to the Peruvian Air Force (FAP).

Although Bolivia did not send military weapons to Argentina due to its neutral position that it had adopted after warnings from England, the Bolivian government was not against it either, and a clear example of this is when it decided to open Bolivian airspace so that planes Peruvians who were on their way to Argentina can safely fly over Bolivian territory to reach their final destination without being detected by Chilean radars.

It is worth mentioning that the Peruvian planes took off from the La Joya air base located in the city of Arequipa in southern Peru and decided to fly through Bolivia to make a stopover in the Argentine city of Jujuy, finally arriving at their final destination in the city of Tandil. This is due to the fact that Chile had already adopted a position openly in favor of the United Kingdom and against the interests of Argentina, even transferring to England sensitive intelligence information of the different Argentine military movements during the war.

References

1982 in Bolivia
Falklands War
Argentina–Bolivia relations
Bolivia–United Kingdom relations

Bolivia during the Falklands War


"The Man Without a Country" is a short story by American writer Edward Everett Hale, first published in  The Atlantic in December 1863. It is the story of American Army lieutenant Philip Nolan, who renounces his country during a trial for treason, and is consequently sentenced to spend the rest of his days at sea without so much as a word of news about the United States.

Plot summary
The protagonist is a young US Army lieutenant, Philip Nolan, who develops a friendship with the visiting Aaron Burr. When Burr is tried for treason (that historically occurred in 1807), Nolan is tried as an accomplice. During his testimony, he bitterly renounces his nation and, with a foul oath, angrily shouts, "I wish I may never hear of the United States again!" The judge is completely shocked by that statement and, on convicting Nolan, icily grants him his wish. Nolan is to spend the rest of his life aboard US Navy warships in exile, with no right ever to set foot on US soil again and with explicit orders that no one shall ever again mention his country to him.

The sentence is carried out to the letter. For the rest of his life, Nolan is transported from ship to ship, lives out his life as a prisoner on the high seas, and is never allowed back in a home port. Though he is treated according to his former rank, nothing of his country is ever mentioned to him. None of the sailors in whose custody Nolan remains is allowed to speak to him about the US, and his newspapers are censored. Nolan is unrepentant at first, but over the years, he becomes sadder and wiser and desperate for news. One day, as he is being transferred to another ship, he beseeches a young sailor never to make the same mistake that he had: "Remember, boy, that behind all these men... behind officers and government, and people even, there is the Country Herself, your Country, and that you belong to her as you belong to your own mother. Stand by her, boy, as you would stand by your mother...!" On one such ship, he attends a party in which he dances with a young lady he had once known. He then beseeches her to tell him something, anything, about the US, but she quickly withdraws and no longer speaks to him.

Deprived of a homeland, Nolan slowly and painfully learns the true worth of his country. He misses it more than his friends or family, more than art or music or love or nature. Without it, he is nothing. Dying aboard the , he shows his room to an officer, Danforth. It is "a little shrine" of patriotism. The Stars and Stripes are draped around a picture of George Washington. Over his bed, Nolan has painted a bald eagle, with lightning "blazing from his beak" and claws grasping the globe. At the foot of his bed is an outdated map of the United States, showing many of its old territories that had, unbeknownst to him, been admitted to statehood. Nolan smiles, "Here, you see, I have a country!"

The dying man asks desperately to be told the news of American history since 1807, and Danforth finally relates to him almost every major event that has happened to the US since his sentence was imposed; the narrator confesses, however, "I could not make up my mouth to tell him a word about this infernal rebellion" (the Civil War). Nolan then asks him to bring his copy of the Presbyterian Book of Public Prayer and to read the page at which it automatically opens. Here are the words: "Most heartily we beseech Thee with Thy favor to behold and bless Thy servant, the President of the United States, and all others in authority." Nolan says, "I have repeated those prayers night and morning, it is now fifty-five years." Every day, he had read of the US but only in the form of a prayer to uphold its leaders since the US Navy had neglected to keep that book from him, which is the supreme irony of the story.

Nolan asks him to have them bury him in the sea and have a gravestone placed in memory of him at Fort Adams, Mississippi, or at New Orleans. When he dies later that day, he is found to have drafted a suitably patriotic epitaph for himself: "In memory of PHILIP NOLAN, Lieutenant in the Army of the United States. He loved his country as no other man has loved her; but no man deserved less at her hands."

Effectiveness
Hale published "The Man Without a Country" in the Atlantic Monthly in 1863 to bolster support for the Union in the North. In this first publication, Hale's name does not appear at the beginning or end of the story, though it appears in the annual index at the end of that issue of the magazine. It was later collected in 1868 in the book The Man Without a Country, and Other Tales, published by Ticknor and Fields.

Danforth's summary to Nolan of American history from 1807 to 1860 is an outline of the Northern case for preservation of the Union. The young country is shown standing up fearlessly to the global superpower, Great Britain; expanding to North America's Pacific coast; developing new contributions to human knowledge such as the Smithsonian Institution; and developing new technology such as steamboats.

Hale convinced many readers that Nolan was an actual figure, thus increasing the story's effectiveness as a piece of patriotic literature. Years later he stated that the story, at least in part, was "testimony" against the election of 1863, in which Clement Vallandigham (1820–71), an ardent antiwar, pro-Confederate, anti–"King Lincoln" Ohio Democrat, was running for office from exile in Canada, and who, at his own earlier treason trial, like the fictional Nolan, expressed his disgust with the United States.

By frequently mentioning specific dates and places and by using numerous contemporary references, Hale grounded his story in a firm foundation of history and made the story seem like a record of actual events. In his 1893 and 1900 reminiscences, E. E. Hale stated, "To write the story of 'The Man Without a Country' and its sequel, 'Philip Nolan's Friends', I had to make as careful a study as I could have the history of the acquisition of Louisiana by the United States."

The name "Philip Nolan" belonged to the business secretary and bookkeeper for James Wilkinson, a Spanish spy who was first an associate of Aaron Burr and then an informer on Burr. That Nolan was killed by the Spanish Army while he was stealing Texas mustangs in 1801, years before Burr's trial.

Monument
A monument "in memory of" Nolan and bearing his self-written epitaph was placed in front of the Covington County Courthouse in Andalusia, Alabama, on July 4, 1975, by the Altrusa Club of Andalusia. The monument was placed as part of the Andalusia Bicentennial Committee's official activities commemorating the United States bicentennial.

Adaptations

"The Man Without a Country" has been adapted for film several times, starting in 1917 with The Man Without a Country starring Florence La Badie, a 1918 film My Own United States, one in 1925, and another Man Without a Country starring John Litel and Gloria Holden and released by Warner Brothers in 1937.

An opera of the story, also entitled The Man Without a Country, was composed by Walter Damrosch and premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1937.

On September 30, 1943, the horror/thriller radio program The Weird Circle presented an adaptation of the story.  Bill Johnstone (best known as Orson Welles' replacement as the title character in The Shadow radio drama) narrated (and took part in) the story as Hale.

A four-part dramatization was recorded in June 1947 and issued by Decca on two coupled 12" 78 rpm discs. Bing Crosby provided the narration, and Frank Lovejoy portrayed Philip Nolan. Later that same year on November 26, a dramatization was performed on Philco Radio Time, with Crosby (the program's star and host) again providing narration.

The Railroad Hour presented a 30-minute adaptation of "The Man Without a Country" on June 28, 1953. Gordon MacRae and Dorothy Warenskjold starred in the broadcast.

In Sam Fuller's film Run of the Arrow (1957), Captain Clark (Brian Keith), a U.S. Army engineer commissioned to build a fort on Sioux territory, relates the Nolan story to O'Meara (Rod Steiger), a Southerner who, refusing to accept the defeat of the Confederacy, has married among the Sioux and been appointed by them to see the fort is built where agreed. In the context of pressing O'Meara to decide whether his loyalties lie ultimately with the Sioux or with the Americans, Clark tells the Nolan story as if it were historical fact.

In 1973, a made-for-television movie was written by Sidney Carroll and directed by Delbert Mann. It featured Cliff Robertson as Philip Nolan, Beau Bridges as Frederick Ingham, Peter Strauss as Arthur Danforth, Robert Ryan as Lt. Cmdr. Vaughan, Walter Abel as Col. A. B. Morgan, Geoffrey Holder as one of the slaves on a slave ship, Shepperd Strudwick as the Secretary of the Navy, John Cullum as Aaron Burr, and Patricia Elliott as Mrs. Graff.

In May 1977, a three-act radio play was broadcast as an episode of Himan Brown's The General Mills Radio Adventure Theater. Russell Horton performed the part of Nolan. Tom Bosley was host of the series.

In 2016, Chuck Pfarrer penned a historical novel entitled Philip Nolan: The Man Without a Country for the U.S. Naval Institute Press.

References

 Adams, John R., Edward Everett Hale (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1977).
 Lawson, Melinda (2002). A Profound National Devotion': The Civil War Union Leagues and the Construction of a New National Patriotism". Civil War History. Volume 48, Issue 4. pp. 338–362.

Further reading
 Hale, Edward Everett (1901). "The Real Philip Nolan". Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society. 4.
 Wilson, Maurine T. (1932). Philip Nolan's Activities in Texas, Master's thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
 Wilson, Maurine T. and Jackson, Jack (1987). Philip Nolan and Texas: Expeditions to the Unknown Land, 1791–1801, Waco, TX: Texian Press, .

External links

 Text of short story on The Atlantic website
 Original 1863 magazine

1863 short stories
American short stories
Works originally published in The Atlantic (magazine)

The Man Without a Country


Clayton 'Candles' Thompson (11 December 1929 – 28 June 2010) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the VFL during the 1950s and had a noted career with Sturt.

Thompson was one of the giants of his era, standing at 198 cm and could play both forward or as a ruckman. He started out at Sturt in 1948 and played with the South Australian club before being recruited to Hawthorn for the 1954 season. Thompson spent three seasons with Hawthorn where he was used mostly as a forward and kicked 24 goals in both of his first two seasons. After his stint was over he returned to Sturt where, as a ruckman, he finished  second in the 1959 Magarey Medal to his teammate Len Fitzgerald. He was Sturt's best and fairest winner twice and topped their goalkicking on three occasions.

An All-Australian and top goalkicker at the 1953 Adelaide Carnival, Thompson played a total of 11 interstate games with South Australia for 25 goals.

In 2005 Thompson was inducted into the South Australian Football Hall of Fame.

References

External links

1929 births
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Hawthorn Football Club players
Sturt Football Club players
All-Australians (1953–1988)
South Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
2010 deaths

Clayton Thompson


First aid kits are used to perform first aid on injured people.

A first aid kit often contains the following items:

 Two pairs of latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to latex).
 Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
 Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
 Burn ointment to prevent infection.
 Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
 Eye wash solution to flush the eyes.
Thermometer
 Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers.
 A small vial of super glue, carefully used, can close cuts.
 Scissors
 CPR face mask

Medical equipment

First aid kit


Nancy Smith (born c. 1946) is a former Ottawa City Councillor. She represented St. George's Ward between 1980 and 1991.

Prior to being elected, Smith served in both Federal and Provincial Public Services for ten years. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Psychology from Dalhousie University, and a Master of Arts in Sociology from Carleton University. Whilst on the council, she was seen as being left wing. She ran for mayor in 1991, losing to Jacquelin Holzman by just over 3,000 votes.

Since her defeat, Smith has served as the chair of the Ontario Housing Corporation, served on the Ontario Municipal Board, was an associate for MAXGROUP Associates, and since 1999 she has owned her own consulting business.

References

Ottawa city councillors
Dalhousie University alumni
Carleton University alumni
Living people
Women municipal councillors in Canada
1940s births
Ottawa-Carleton regional councillors

Nancy Smith (politician)


Christopher Matti Mole (born 20 February 1978) is an English cricketer.  Mole is a left-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicketkeeper.  He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex.

Mole made his debut in List A cricket for the Sussex Cricket Board.  His debut List A game came against Hertfordshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.  From 1999 to 2002, he represented the Board in 5 List A matches, the last of which came against the Worcestershire Cricket Board in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2002.

In 2003, Mole joined Devon.  He made his debut in the Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire.  He played for Devon from 2003 to 2001, he has represented Devon in 27 Championship matches.  Mole has also represented Devon in the MCCA Knockout Trophy, making his debut in that competition for the county against Shropshire in 2003.

Additionally, he also represented Devon in List A cricket.  His List A debut for the county came against Suffolk in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2003.  From 2003 to 2005, he represented the county in 4 List A matches, the last of which came against Essex in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  In his combined total of 9 List A matches, he scored 216 runs at a batting average of 27.00, with a single half century high score of 66.  Meanwhile, behind the stumps he took 4 catches and made 2 stumpings.

He joined Dorset in 2011.

References

External links
Christopher Mole at Cricinfo
Christopher Mole at CricketArchive

1978 births
Living people
People from Cuckfield
English cricketers
Sussex Cricket Board cricketers
Devon cricketers
Dorset cricketers
Wicket-keepers
Cricketers from West Sussex

Christopher Mole


The Act 24 & 25 Vict. c. 95, sometimes referred to as the Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1861, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

This Act was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1950. It was spent.

This Act was repealed for the Republic of Ireland by sections 2(1) and 3(1) of, and Part 4 of Schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.

This Act was one of the Criminal Law Consolidation Acts 1861. It effected repeals consequential on the other six Acts.

It "should have been the last Act of the series to receive the Royal Assent, and have been numbered accordingly."

References
Halsbury's Statutes,
George Kettilby Rickards. The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 24 & 25 Victoria, 1861. Printed by Eyre and Spottiswoode, printers to the Queen. London. 1861. Pages 321 to 334.
A Collection of the Public General Statutes passed in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Years of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 1861. Queen's Printer. East Harding Street, London. 1861. Pages 454 to 467.  from Google Books.
James Edward Davis. The Criminal Law Consolidation Statutes of the 24 & 25 of Victoria, Chapters 94 to 100: Edited with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. Butterworths. 1861. Pages v to xviii (introduction) and pp. 7 to 19 (complete annotated text of the Act) (from Google Books).
Greaves, The Criminal Law Consolidation and Amendment Acts. Second Edition. V R Stevens, Sons, Haynes, H Sweet and W Maxwell. London. 1862. Pages 349 to 367 (complete annotated text of the Act).
Francis Towers Streeten and Edward Alfred Hadley. An Analytical Digest of the Cases Reported and Published from Trinity Term 1860 to Michaelmas Term 1865, and contained in the Law Journal Reports, and other contemporary Reports; with References to Statutes Passed within the Same Period. Edward Bret Ince. London. 1868. Page 579 et seq.

External links
List of amendments and repeals in the Republic of Ireland from the Irish Statute Book.

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1861

Criminal Statutes Repeal Act 1861


Lake Creek is a major tributary of the Siuslaw River in Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. On average, the  long creek contributes about a third of the lower Siuslaw's water volume.

Beginning near Prairie Mountain near the Lane–Benton county border in the Central Oregon Coast Range, Lake Creek flows generally southeast through the Siuslaw National Forest to the vicinity of Horton, then southwest through the communities of Blachly, Triangle Lake, Greenleaf, and Deadwood. It enters the Siuslaw River at Swisshome,  by water from the larger stream's mouth on the Pacific Ocean at Florence.

Transportation
Oregon Route 36 runs along the creek from Blachly to Swisshome. Near Greenleaf, a covered bridge known as Lake Creek Bridge or Nelson Mountain Bridge carries Nelson Mountain Road over the creek. Nelson Road meets Route 36 just north of the bridge. The bridge is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Recreation

Picnicking
The Bureau of Land Management oversees the Lake Creek Falls recreation site downstream of Triangle Lake. Open all year, the site is used for picnicking, swimming, and viewing runs of steelhead and coho and Chinook salmon as they travel upstream to spawn. The BLM added a fish ladder at this site in 1989; it opened  additional stream-miles to migrating fish.

The BLM also manages a site at Hult Reservoir, also known as Hult Pond, along Lake Creek upstream of Horton. Possible activities include picnicking, boating, and warm-water fishing. Amenities include a boat launch and toilets. Nearby is the Hult Equestrian Staging Area for horse riding on trails.

Whitewater boating
Whitewater enthusiasts sometimes run an  stretch between Deadwood on Lake Creek and Tide on the Siuslaw River. Various parts of the run are rated from class I (novice) to class IV (advanced) on the International Scale of River Difficulty, depending on location and flow rates. Hazards include rapids called "The Horn" and "Bus Stop" with large waves and rocks. Along the river below the confluence with the creek, a sometimes-submerged human-made structure poses danger to boaters.

Fishing
Lake Creek supports populations of steelhead, Chinook salmon, and cutthroat trout that can be legally caught under certain conditions. Fishing for wild steelhead is catch and release, but some finclipped hatchery steelhead can be kept. Fishing for Chinook is allowed below Deadwood Creek. Cutthroat fishing is legal along the main stem but not the tributaries. Fishing for coho salmon, which also frequent the creek, is prohibited. Other regulations may apply depending on species, season, and location.

Tributaries
Named tributaries of Lake Creek from source to mouth are Billy Tower Canyon followed by Congdon, Swartz, Village, Conrad, Pope, Post, and Swamp creeks. Then come Pontiss, Little Lake, Spring Canyon, Fish, Lamb, and Greenleaf creeks. Further downstream are Steinhauer, Wheeler, Nelson, Wilcut, Hollo, Johnston, Deadwood, and Indian creeks.

See also
 List of rivers of Oregon

References

External links

Rivers of Lane County, Oregon
Rivers of Oregon

Lake Creek (Siuslaw River tributary)


Air navigation is navigation while flying. It is used by pilots in aircraft to know their exact position and find their way. That is important because if they get lost, they can hit a mountain or fly into a dangerous area or not find a place to land. There are generally two types of air navigation depending on weather. In good weather, pilots navigate themselves visually with maps. But when the weather is bad and they do not see the ground, they use special radio navigational instruments or the air traffic controller navigates them. The first kind of navigation is called VFR (visual flight rules) navigation. The second is IFR (instrument flight rules) navigation.

Navigation Under VFR
When flying under VFR, or Visual Flight Rules, pilots navigate using purely what they can see outside their aircraft, sometimes using a special map called a sectional.  When preparing for a flight they prepare a route going between features labeled on the sectional map, including things like roads, and large structures like windmills.  Pilots when flying with VFR are responsible for avoiding other aircraft and terrain.

Navigation Under IFR
When flying under IFR, pilots fly set routes only, following airways and tracks between physical radio beacons and waypoints. While the pilot is still responsible to avoid incident, navigation under IFR is heavily reliant on an Air Traffic Controller's instructions.

Navigation
Aviation

Air navigation


The Bad News Bears is a 1976 American sports comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie and written by Bill Lancaster. It stars Walter Matthau as an alcoholic ex-baseball pitcher who becomes a coach for a youth baseball team known as the Bears. Alongside Matthau, the film's cast includes Tatum O'Neal, Vic Morrow, Joyce Van Patten, Ben Piazza, Jackie Earle Haley, and Alfred W. Lutter. Its score, composed by Jerry Fielding, adapts the principal themes of Bizet's opera Carmen.

Released by Paramount Pictures, The Bad News Bears received generally positive reviews. It was followed by two sequels, The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training in 1977 and The Bad News Bears Go to Japan in 1978, a short-lived 1979–80 CBS television series, and a 2005 remake.

Plot
In 1976, Morris Buttermaker, an alcoholic pool cleaner and former minor-league baseball pitcher, accepts an under-the-counter cash payment from a lawyer to coach his son's youth baseball league expansion team, the Bears. The team is made up of misfit players, formed as a settlement to a lawsuit brought against the league for excluding such players from other teams. Shunned by the more competitive teams (and their competitive parents and coaches), the Bears are the outsiders, and the least talented team in the Southern California league.

Buttermaker makes little effort to help the boys improve, accomplishing nothing before their first game except finding a sponsor to provide uniforms. He forfeits the opening game after the Bears allow 26 runs without recording an out.

With the entire team wanting to quit due to the humiliation of their first loss, Buttermaker begins to take his coaching more seriously, teaching basics like hitting, fielding, and sliding. In addition, he recruits two unlikely prospects: sharp-tongued Amanda Wurlitzer, the 11-year-old daughter of Buttermaker's former girlfriend and a skilled pitcher (trained by Buttermaker when she was younger); and the local cigarette-smoking, loan-sharking, Harley-Davidson-riding troublemaker, Kelly Leak, who also happens to be the best athlete in the area, but has been excluded from playing in the past due to his juvenile delinquency. With Amanda and Kelly on board, the team starts gaining more confidence, and the Bears begin to win. A subplot reveals the strained relationship between Buttermaker and Amanda as the team improves.

Eventually, the Bears make it to the championship game opposite the top-notch Yankees, who are coached by aggressive, competitive Roy Turner. As the game progresses, tensions rise between the teams and the coaches, as Buttermaker and Turner engage in ruthless behavior toward each other and the players in order to win the game. But when Turner strikes his son, the pitcher, for ignoring his orders and intentionally throwing at the batter's head,  Buttermaker realizes that he, too, has placed too much emphasis on winning, and puts his benchwarmers in to allow everyone to play. The Bears lose in the end, but despite Buttermaker's move, they nearly win the game.  Buttermaker gives the team beer, which they spray on each other in a field celebration as if they had won.

Cast

Top billed, shown in opening credits, were Matthau, O'Neal and Morrow.

Adults
 Walter Matthau as Morris Buttermaker, coach of the Bears: A drunken, loud, ex-professional baseball pitcher and part-time pool cleaner, who drives a rundown green Cadillac convertible
 Vic Morrow as Roy Turner, coach of the Yankees who is competitive and aggressive.
 Joyce Van Patten as Cleveland, league manager who favors Roy and the Yankees.
 Ben Piazza as Bob Whitewood, city councilman and lawyer who sued the league to allow the Bears (in particular, his son) to play and who convinces (and pays) Buttermaker to coach the team.

Children
 Tatum O'Neal as Amanda Wurlitzer, the 11-year-old star pitcher for the Bears who feels insecure about her tomboy image. She is recruited by Buttermaker to help the team start winning. She is no-nonsense and a great pitcher who was taught by Buttermaker when she was young. The boys grow to be very protective of her, picking a fight with their rivals during the championship game when Amanda is kicked in the chest. Her mother is Buttermaker's ex-girlfriend, and Amanda looks to him as a father figure. Amanda and Tanner butt heads a lot, but respect each other. She also has a secret crush on Kelly.
 Chris Barnes as Tanner Boyle, the short-tempered shortstop with a Napoleon complex; after suffering a horrible loss on their first game, he picks a fight with the entire seventh grade from the boys' middle school (and loses). He tends to curse more than the others, and initially insults and bullies Timmy before realizing he's treating Timmy no better than the kids from their rival team and becomes protective of him, leading to an unlikely friendship between them. He is also close friends with Ahmad.
 Jackie Earle Haley as Kelly Leak, the local troublemaker who smokes and rides a mini Harley-Davidson motorcycle. Kelly is also the best athlete in the neighborhood. At first, he doesn't want to join when Amanda attempts to recruit him, but he changes his mind when Coach Turner threatens him. He alternates between left- and center-field and has a crush on Amanda. After joining the team, he forms close friendships with Tanner, Ahmad and Ogilvie.
 Erin Blunt as Ahmad Abdul-Rahim, a black Muslim boy who plays in the outfield, is liked by everyone on the team and adores Hank Aaron; Ahmad strips off his uniform in shame after committing several errors in the Bears' first game, but is convinced to return to the team by Buttermaker and is used for bunts in games due to his speed. He is shown to be close friends with Tanner and often has to pull Tanner away from fights.
 Gary Lee Cavagnaro as Mike Engelberg, an overweight boy who plays catcher; a great hitter, he frequently teases Tanner about his size. He breaks Buttermaker's windshield with a baseball at the first practice. He has a deep rivalry with Yankee pitcher Joey, causing them to throw insults at each other.
 Alfred W. Lutter as Alfred Ogilvie, a bookworm who memorizes baseball statistics. He's mostly a bench-warmer who assists Buttermaker with defensive strategy. A backup outfielder/first baseman, but reluctant to play because he feels he's one of the lesser-skilled players on the team.
 David Stambaugh as Toby Whitewood, an unassuming boy who plays first base. He knows about the other players' personalities, is intelligent and well-spoken, and at times speaks on behalf of the team. He is the son of councilman Bob Whitewood, who secretly paid Buttermaker to coach the team.
 Quinn Smith as Timmy Lupus, initially described by Tanner as a "booger-eating spaz", plays right-field and is considered to be the worst player on the team — if not the entire league — but he surprises everyone in the championship game by making a key play to keep the Bears in the game. He is the most quiet and shy player, but shows the odd ability to properly prepare a martini for Coach Buttermaker while the team was assisting the coach with pool cleaning.
 Jaime Escobedo as Jose Aguilar, Miguel's older brother who plays second base and doesn't speak English.
 George Gonzales as Miguel Aguilar, Jose's younger brother; mostly plays right-field. He does not speak English. He is so short that the strike zone is practically non-existent.
 David Pollock as Rudi Stein, a nervous relief pitcher with glasses who is a terrible hitter; at times he is asked by Coach Buttermaker to purposely get hit by pitches in order to get on base. Also a backup outfielder.
 Brett Marx as Jimmy Feldman, a fairly quiet third baseman with curly blond hair.
 Scott Firestone as Regi Tower, a fairly quiet, red-headed third baseman whose dad vocally attends practices and games. He plays first base.
 Brandon Cruz as Joey Turner, the star pitcher for the Yankees and coach Roy Turner's son. He has a rivalry with Engelberg and regularly bullies Tanner and Timmy. He nearly beans Engelberg, which results in his father slapping him. In response, Joey holds a ground ball Engelberg hits to him, allowing an inside-the-park home run. He then drops the ball at his father's feet and quits the team.

Production
The Bad News Bears was filmed in and around Los Angeles, primarily in the San Fernando Valley. The field where they played is in Mason Park on Mason Avenue in Chatsworth. In the film, the Bears were sponsored by an actual local company, "Chico's Bail Bonds". One scene was filmed in the council chamber at Los Angeles City Hall.

Matthau was paid $750,000 plus over 10% of the theatrical rentals. Tatum O'Neal was paid $350,000 plus a percentage of the profits. These were later estimated to be $1.9 million.

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 97% based on reviews from 30 critics and an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Bad News Bears is rude, profane, and cynical, but shot through with honest, unforced humor, and held together by a deft, understated performance from Walter Matthau."

In his 1976 review, critic Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four and called it "an unblinking, scathing look at competition in American society." Gene Siskel awarded two-and-a-half stars out of four, calling the film's characters "more types than people" and the kids' foul-mouth dialogue "overdone," though he found O'Neal's performance "genuinely affecting." Variety called it "the funniest adult-child comedy film since 'Paper Moon'," and lauded the "excellent" script. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times declared it "the best American screen comedy of the year to date," adding, "Bright, pugnacious and utterly realistic as most children seem to be today, these kids are drawn with much accuracy and are played beautifully." Vincent Canby of The New York Times found the film only "occasionally funny" but praised screenwriter Bill Lancaster for "the talent and discipline to tell the story of 'The Bad News Bears' almost completely in terms of what happens on the baseball diamond or in the dugout." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post praised it as "a lively, spontaneously funny entertainment" that "could rally a large parallel audience seeking less innocuous and stereotyped pictures with and about children." Tom Milne of The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "miraculously funny and entirely delightful."

"It's so funny. It's so sweet. It's sweet and, yet, it's completely wrong. It's just so wrong on so many levels." — Tatum O'Neal

Awards
Walter Matthau was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor. The screenplay by Bill Lancaster, son of actor Burt Lancaster, was awarded "Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen" by the Writers Guild of America.

American Film Institute
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs—nominated
 AFI's 10 Top 10—nominated sports film
 AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers—nominated

See also
 The Bad News Bears (TV series)
 List of baseball films

References

External links

Bad News Bears (franchise)
1970s English-language films
1970s sports comedy films
1976 films
American baseball films
American sports comedy films
American coming-of-age comedy films
Fictional sports clubs and teams
Films adapted into television shows
Films about alcoholism
Films directed by Michael Ritchie
Films scored by Jerry Fielding
Films set in the San Fernando Valley
Films set in Los Angeles
Films shot in Los Angeles
Paramount Pictures films
1970s Spanish-language films
1976 comedy films
1970s American films

The Bad News Bears


Mark Sugden (11 February 1902 – 21 January 1990) was an Irish rugby union player and rugby author. An outstanding scrum half in the late 1920s and early 30s, he was captain in the 1931 season when Ireland beat England for the third successive time by a margin of a single point. His main claim to fame as a player is that he is credited with developing the dummy pass. He also played cricket for Ireland.

Rugby Union career

Amateur career

Mark Sugden was born 11 February 1902 in Leek, Staffordshire, England, son of Frederick Sugden, silk merchant, from Staffordhire, and Frances Grace Sugden from London. Sugden was brought to Dublin at the age of four when his father retired to Westminster Road, Foxrock, and went to preparatory school at Earlsfort House before attending Denstone College, Staffordshire.

He subsequently returned to Ireland to attend TCD. Sugden played rugby and cricket for Trinity, graduating BA (1926).

Sugden also played rugby for Wanderers.

He moved to Scotland to teach at Glenalmond College. While he was there he played for Perthshire.

Provincial career

Sugden played rugby for Leinster. Initially a rather average centre, his career blossomed when he was switched to scrum-half, a position in which he excelled.

On moving to Scotland he played for Midlands District.

He also played for the North of Scotland in a match against New South Wales Waratahs. The Waratahs were the de facto Australian national side at the time and the Australian Rugby Union have since decreed that their international matches of that tour should be taken as full tests.

International career

Sugden was eligible to be selected for Ireland under the residency qualification, and he made his international rugby debut at scrum-half against France in Paris on New Year's Day 1925, scoring a try in Ireland's 9–3 victory. A draw against England and a victory against Scotland ensured that Ireland finished second in the Five Nations championship that year, their best performance since 1912. His career in the Irish team coincided with one of Ireland's most successful periods at international level; although the side won no championships or triple crowns, they did win matches with a consistency that had not been a hallmark of Irish sides of the past. Sugden went on to become one of the finest scrum-halves ever to play for Ireland, and his half-back partnership with his great friend Eugene Davy (qv) is regarded by many as the best ever seen in the green shirt. His total of twenty-eight appearances for Ireland made him the country's most capped scrum-half until that figure was exceeded in 1993. He missed only one international between his debut and his final appearance against Wales in 1931, when he was sensationally dropped in favour of his Leinster understudy, Paul Murray (qv), for the 1927 game against France. He captained Ireland in 1931, his last season.

Perhaps not surprisingly, his most memorable performances tended to be against England. In 1926 Ireland defeated England 19–15 in what was their first win over England since 1911, Sugden's elusive running setting up Denis Cussen (qv) to score two of Ireland's four tries. An 11–8 defeat to Wales that year cost Ireland a triple crown and what would have been their first grand-slam. In 1929 tries by Sugden and Paul Murray (who was now playing at out-half), gave Ireland a 6–5 victory over England – their first away victory over them since 1906 and their first ever at Twickenham – with Sugden jinking over for the winning score. In 1931 a home win over Scotland and a third consecutive victory over England set them up once again for a second triple crown opportunity in as many years, but again they were thwarted, with Wales winning 15–3 in Belfast. The previous season a defeat to the same opposition had deprived Ireland of a triple crown and the championship, a situation made all the more galling by the fact that Wales had previously lost to both England and Scotland. The Belfast defeat was to be Sugden's final international, as it was for other Irish stalwarts – Jack Arigho (qv), Jimmy Farrell, and 'Jammie' Clinch (qv). With their departure, the great Irish team of the late 1920s began to break up. All told, in twenty-eight internationals Sugden finished on the winning side sixteen times, lost ten games, and drew two, scoring three tries in the process; a record that would compare favourably with any other Irish player before the professional era. He would have been a certainty for the 1930 Lions tour to New Zealand but, like many other prominent players, made himself unavailable for what was to be a seven-month tour. He was, however, selected by the Barbarians, making his first appearance for them in 1925. He also played on a Scotland–Ireland selection that defeated (20–13) an England–Wales side in 1929.

There is universal agreement that Sugden was, at the very least, one of the greatest scrum-halves that ever played the game. As a converted centre, at 5 ft 11 in. (1.8 m) he was much taller than was usual for the position, and his unusually long arms helped to make him a master of the 'dummy' pass. He was known for the unflappable way he distributed the ball, and his unrivalled ability to read a game. His natural ability is rendered all the more extraordinary when one considers that for almost all of his international career he was not playing club football due to his work commitments. A measure of his stature is that in 1987 he and his half-back partner Eugene Davy were the inaugural members of the Irish Rugby Writers Hall of Fame. In 1926 he was a key part of a back line that many regard as the finest ever to play for Ireland, with himself and Davy at half-back, Denis Cussen and Tom Hewitt on the wings, George Stephenson (qv) and Tom Hewitt's brother Frank in the centre, and Ernie Crawford at full-back.

Administrative career

Although he lived in Dartmouth for the rest of his life, and was President of Dartmouth Rugby Club, he continued to keep a close eye on Irish rugby and regularly travelled to Ireland to watch internationals.

Cricket career

He was also an accomplished cricketer, playing for TCD (1922–6), where he played in the same side as playwright Samuel Beckett (qv), and for Ireland (1924–30). He was a middle order right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast-to-medium bowler. In eight first-class matches he scored 263 runs and took six wickets. In later years he also played squash for Devon.

Writing career

In 1945 Sugden co-wrote with Gerald Hollis (1919–2005) a coaching book, Rugger: do it this way.

Teaching career

Sugden left Ireland shortly after graduating from TCD, spending five years teaching at Glenalmond College, Scotland. He subsequently moved to the Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth, Devon, where he taught modern languages, and retired as head of department in 1974.

Family

He was a distant cousin of South African rugby player and administrator Danie Craven.  His wife's name was Margaret (known as 'Hilda') and they had two sons, Peter and Michael. In 1963 he was appointed an OBE. He died three weeks after his wife, in Dartmouth on 21 January 1990.

References

1902 births
1990 deaths
Irish rugby union players
Irish cricketers
Ireland international rugby union players
Wanderers F.C. (rugby union) players
Perthshire RFC players
North of Scotland (combined side) players
Midlands District players
Dublin University cricketers
Rugby union scrum-halves
Rugby union players from Staffordshire
English rugby union players

Mark Sugden


John W. Mohr (1956-2019) was an American sociologist and Professor of Sociology at University of California-Santa Barbara. He was widely cited in the subfields of the sociology of culture, organizational sociology, institutional analysis, and social network analysis. His focus was on "developing applications of formal methods of relational (network) analysis to the study of discourse in institutional systems." He was considered a "pioneer in modeling cultural forms," and in 1996, he won the Clifford Geertz Award for Best Article in Cultural Sociology.

Career

He earned a B.A. in philosophy in 1978 and MA in comparative culture from University of California, Irvine in 1979. In 1983 he received a MA and  PhD in 1992 from Yale University, both in sociology. He began his academic career at University of California-Santa Barbara as an assistant professor in 1991, and promoted to associate professor in 1997 and full professor in 2010. From 2008 to 2012 he was associate director for the Institute for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research at the University of California-Santa Barbara. He has also been a visiting professor at the Sapienza University of Rome and Maison des Sciences de L'Homme in Paris

He was on the editorial boards of the several social sciences journals, including: Theory and Society, Sociological Theory, American Journal of Cultural Sociology, and Poetics.

Major contributions

In 1996 Mohr's article "Soldiers, Mothers, Tramps and Others: Discourse Roles in the 1907 New York City Charity Directory," won the Clifford Geertz Award for Best Article in Cultural Sociology.

His 1997 article, with Francesca Guerra-Pearson, "The Impact of State Intervention in the Nonprofit Sector: The Case of the New Deal," won the Annual Outstanding Article Award from the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action.

In 2002 he was elected to the chair of the Culture Section of the American Sociological Association, and in 2014 he was a Distinguished University Visiting Fellow at The New School for Social Research.

Mohr, along with Amin Ghaziani, organized a 2012 symposium at the University of British Columbia focused on measuring culture which resulted in a special issue of Theory and Society also edited by Mohr and Ghaziani. Contributors included: Terence E. McDonnell, Ashley Mears, Stephen Vaisey, Andrew Miles, Iddo Tavory, Roger Friedland, Omar Lizardo, Frederick F. Wherry, Christopher A. Bail and Ann Mische. Their efforts culminated in the 2020 book Measuring Culture coauthored by Morh, Bail, Margaret Frye, Jennifer C. Lena, Lizardo, McDonnell, Mische, Tavory, and Wherry.

References

1956 births
Living people
American sociologists
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of California, Irvine alumni
Yale University alumni

John W. Mohr


Judah Leib (Ben Asher) Gordon, also known as Leon Gordon, (December 7, 1830, Vilnius, Lithuania – September 16, 1892, St. Petersburg, Russia) (Hebrew: יהודה לייב גורדון) was among the most important Hebrew poets of the Jewish Enlightenment.

Biography
Gordon was born to well-to-do Jewish parents who owned a hotel in Vilnius. As a privileged child, he was able to study Torah with some of the great educators of the city, and soon proved to be an exceptional student. He had already mastered the entire Bible by the age of eleven, and was fluent in hundreds of pages of Talmud. Matters took a sharp turn when Gordon was fourteen, and his father went bankrupt. Unable to finance his son's education any longer, the younger Gordon began a course of independent study at one of the many study halls in the city. In just three years, he had mastered almost the entire Talmud and dozens of other religious texts. By that time, however, he was also drawn by the spirit of the Enlightenment that was sweeping across the city. He began reading secular literature and learning foreign languages, and he befriended some of the leading Haskalah figures of the time, including Kalman Schulman, the poet Abraham Dob Bär Lebensohn and his son Micah Joseph Lebensohn.

With the financial situation deteriorating at home, Gordon, then twenty-two, decided it was time for him to pursue a career. He received a teaching certificate from the local rabbinical college, and became a school teacher in some of the smaller towns that housed major yeshivas, including Ponivezh and Telz. During the twenty years he spent as a teacher, he produced his most important work as a poet and author.

In late 1871 Gordon was invited by the Jewish community of Saint Petersburg to serve as secretary of both the community and the Society for the Spread of Enlightenment among the Jews of Russia; after several months of negotiations, he accepted the dual position for a three-month trial period, beginning in June 1872. Welcoming the move to the cosmopolitan Russian capital, and finding his activities on behalf of the community and the society well suited to his aspirations to contribute to the modernization of Jewish life, he quickly made himself indispensable in his post, and the community offered him a permanent contract, which he accepted. He continued in this position continuously for nearly seven years. In May 1879 he was arrested for purported anti-czarist activities, and exiled for some months to Pudozh, in the Olonets district, before finally being cleared of the charges in 1880; it was a blow to him that the Saint Petersburg community chose not to reinstate him in his post upon his return.

That same year Gordon became an editor for the Hebrew newspaper Ha-Melitz; and, despite frequent conflict with the newspaper's founder and editor-in-chief, Aleksander Zederbaum, he continued in that capacity until 1888.

Literary work
Gordon took a leading part in the modern revival of the Hebrew language and culture. His satires did much to rouse the Russian Jews to a new sense of the reality of life, and Gordon was the apostle of enlightenment in the ghettos. Much of his poetry revolves around biblical and historical themes. These include The Love of David and Michal (1857), King Zedekiah in Prison (1879), Judah's Parables (1859), David and Barzilai, Osenath, Daughter of Potiphera, From between the Lion's Teeth, and From the Depths of the Sea.

His works were intended to disseminate Enlightenment values and had a profound impact on Jewish life. Gordon also published collections of fables, most of them translated. In works such as "Little Fables for Big Children", he continues to advocate for the adoption of Enlightenment values, as he does in his memoirs, published in the last year of his life.

Among his other writing on social issues is "The Point on Top of the Yodh" (Kotzo shel yud), dealing with the rights of women. The poem, which he dedicated to his friend the Hebraist Miriam Markel-Mosessohn, describes a narrow-minded rabbi who destroys a woman's chance for happiness by invalidating her get (divorce document) – due to a trifling spelling mistake (the poem's Hebrew title essentially refers to "crossing the t's and dotting the i's").

His poems were collected in four volumes, Kol Shire Yehudah (St. Petersburg, 1883–1884); his novels in Kol Kitbe Yehuda (Collected Writings of Gordon, Odessa, 1889).

References

Further reading

 Stanislawski, Michael (1988). "For Whom Do I Toil?": Judah Leib Gordon and the Crisis of Russian Jewry. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Ziva Shamir, "O Hebrew Woman, who knows your life: A Poetical Footnote to History" . Ariel - a quarterly review of arts an letters in Israel, no.49, 1979

External links
Jewish Encyclopedia: "Gordon, Leon (Judah Löb ben Asher)" by Herman Rosenthal, Baron David von Günzburg, and Max Seligsohn (1906).
Biographical article from Junior Judaica: Encyclopaedia Judaica for Youth. Jewish Agency for Israel. www.jewishagency.org

Modern Hebrew writers
Hebrew-language poets
Jewish poets
Lithuanian Jews
Hebrew-language writers
1830 births
1892 deaths
19th-century poets
People of the Haskalah

Judah Leib Gordon


The Arabesk trilogy is a sequence of alternate history novels by the British author Jon Courtenay Grimwood.

Starting with the 2001 novel Pashazade and continuing with Effendi (2002) and Felaheen (2003), the point of divergence occurs in 1915 by US President Woodrow Wilson brokering an earlier peace so that World War I never expanded outside the Balkans. The books are set in a liberal Islamic Ottoman North Africa in the 21st century, mainly centring on Alexandria, referred to as El Iskandriyah.

The central character, Raf, is an enigma. Genetically enhanced, frequently wired on various drugs, occasionally accompanied by the hallucinatory fox Tiriganiaq, and strongly conscientious in everything he does, Raf's past is as much a mystery as his future.

Pashazade

 (shortlisted for the 2002 Arthur C. Clarke Award, BSFA award for Best Novel and John W. Campbell Memorial Award)

The first book centres on the arrival in Alexandria of Bey Ashraf al-Mansur, claimed to be the son of the Emir of Tunis. Shortly after his arrival, though, Raf's tendency to do exactly what he thinks is right leads to unexpected consequences. Between caring for his niece, Hani, and attempting to understand Zara, the girl he was to marry, Raf ends up suspected of his Aunt Nafisa's murder, running from the police as he tries desperately to work out who really killed her.

The main story is intercut with out-of-order flashbacks to Raf's past as a schoolboy in Swiss and Scottish boarding schools and as 'ZeeZee', a low-ranking agent of Hu San, an influential Triad boss in Seattle.

Effendi

Effendi was shortlisted for the BSFA award for Best Novel.

The second book opens with the discovery of a body near the mansion of billionaire Hamzah Effendi, Zara's father. As the new Chief of Detectives, Raf is obliged to investigate, he uncovers a past as a child soldier under the infamous Colonel Abad that Hamzah would rather forget. Meanwhile, as agents from Berlin, Washington, DC, and Paris battle diplomatically for influence over North Africa's most influential port, its nominal ruler, the young Khedive, is sent on holiday by the Governor General Koenig Pasha, whose cryptic notes Raf is left struggling to understand. The whole city hangs in the balance, and this time, Raf will need help to save it.

This novel includes a second narrative dealing with the young Hamzah's actions as a prepubescent soldier surviving famine and desert to carry out his lethal mission for the mysterious Abad.

Felaheen

Felaheen was the winner of the BSFA award for Best Novel and shortlisted for the British Fantasy Award.

The third book starts with the near-death of the Emir of Tunis, forcing Raf to investigate the biggest mystery of all, his own origins. As the 11-year-old Hani races to get to the Emir's banquet, Raf is forced underground to discover the truth about his father. Kashif Pasha, the Emir's other son, is intent on removing any threat Raf might pose to his own claim to the throne, but he could get more than he bargained for if Raf's djinn-like abilities are as real as Hani thinks.

Frequent flashbacks tell the story of Sally Welham, Raf's mother, from New York to Tunis via Thailand as she sets out to get what she wants.

References

External links

British alternative history novels
Alternate history book series
Novel series
British science fiction novels
Alexandria in popular culture
Science fiction novel trilogies

Arabesk trilogy


Soma is a term with two different origins:

Soma (drink): a ritual drink of early Indo-Iranians, continued in Vedic and Persian sources.
A word of Ancient Greek origin meaning "body".
Somatic cell: a basic term in biology, describing the body cells as opposed to the reproductive cells
Soma (nerve cell), the body ("perikaryon") of a nerve cell as opposed to its dendrites or axon
Soma (fiction), a hallucinogenic drug in Aldous Huxley's novels Brave New World and Island.

Soma


Dominik Smole (24 August 1929 – 29 July 1992) was a Slovenian writer and playwright.

Biography
Smole was born in Ljubljana in what was then the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He attended school in Ljubljana and after the end of World War II he was employed as a broadcaster at Radio Primorska (Radio Slovenian Litoral), which was set up in Ajdovščina by the Yugoslav occupation authorities of the Julian March. He later returned to Ljubljana and worked as stage director at the Slovene Youth Theatre and later at the Drama Theatre. There he met Jože Javoršek, Žarko Petan and Bojan Štih who influenced him in searching for new modes of expression in theatre.

In the mid 1950s we worked at Stage '57, an alternative theatre set up by young Slovenian artists and authors, which introduced more modern approaches to Slovene theatre. Smole belonged to the so-called Critical generation, a group of talented young intellectuals, mostly from Ljubljana, who tried to challenge the rigid and repressive cultural policies of the Titoist regime in Slovenia. After the demise of the group, which came with the imprisonment of Jože Pučnik and the suppression of the Stage '57 and the group's two literary magazines, Revija 57 and Perspektive, Smole retreated into private life. For some years he worked as a manual worker, in protest against the regime repression of free speech, but later dedicated to writing. During this time he maintained strong contacts with the dissident poet and thinker Edvard Kocbek, who strongly encouraged him to pursue his literary career.

Smole spent most of his life in Ljubljana, working as a free-lance writer most of his life. He died in Ljubljana in 1992 and is buried in the Žale cemetery.

Work
Smole was not a prolific writer: he did not create a large oeuvre, but his works are nevertheless regarded as the peak of modern Slovene literature. He was a crucial collaborator of the literary and cultural magazines that struggled to open a space for public debate in Communist Slovenia in the 1960s.

The central part of Smole's opus was published in the literary journal Beseda between 1951 and 1957, mostly as short stories with an urban theme, psychological and moral portraits of people and relationships, moral uncertainties and confusions of contemporary man. The stories include  Mala novoletna zgodba (A Short New Year Story), Pismo iz mesteca v mesto (A Letter from a Small Town to a Big Town), Roman Gize Tikveš (Giza Tikveš's Novel), Večerni letoviščarski sprehod brez dogodka (An Uneventful Holiday Evening Strol). His main novel Črni dnevi in beli dan (Black Days and a White Day) (1958) was also created as a cycle of short stories; as a whole represents one of the most interesting Slovene literary works of its time. The novel also served as the literary basis for the film Ples v dežju (Dance in the Rain), directed by Boštjan Hladnik in 1961.

His main plays include Potovanje v Koromandijo (Travels to Neverland), Igre in igrice (Plays and Games), and Zlata čeveljčka (Little Golden Shoes). One of his most important plays is Krst pri Savici (adaptation of Prešeren's epic-lyric poem The Baptism on the Savica), a paraphrase of France Prešeren's major work with the same title, in which he used the setting of the Christianisation of the predecessors of the Slovenes in the 8th century to deliver a clear yet subtle metaphor of the political conditions in Slovenia after the Second World War. He employed the same scheme in his most important poetic play, Antigona (Antigone), written in 1961. The play is conceived as a remake of Sophocles' famous play, where everything revolves around an Antigone who never appears on the stage. Smole's Antigone thus uses the reference to one of the greatest myths of Ancient Greek literature as a clear allusion to the contemporary Slovene political and social situation and its main concealed secret, the summary killings of 12,000 Slovenian Home Guard members in May and June 1945, perpetrated by the Communist authorities. The play has also been translated into English.

Smole was a sharp thinker who lucidly analyzed his surroundings. Already during his lifetime, he was acclaimed for his refined expression and frequently referred to as a master of style. His works echo the existentialist issues of contemporary modern literature. His literature can be read both as a critical account of totalitarian reality, as well as a global metaphor on the tragic essence of the human condition.

References

Sources
Helga Glušič, Sto Slovenskih Pripovednikov (Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 1996)
Taras Kermauner, Perspektivovci (Ljubljana: Znanestveno in publicistično središče, 1995).
Miran Štuhec, Aristokracija duha in jezika (Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2005).

1929 births
1992 deaths
Slovenian dramatists and playwrights
Slovenian novelists
Slovenian male short story writers
Slovenian short story writers
Prešeren Award laureates
Writers from Ljubljana
20th-century novelists
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
20th-century short story writers
20th-century male writers
Burials at Žale

Dominik Smole


Dave Broadfoot  (December 5, 1925 – November 1, 2016) was a Canadian comedian and satirist. He is best known for his performances as a member of the Royal Canadian Air Farce.

Early life
Broadfoot was born in North Vancouver, British Columbia, to a religious family. He left high school in 1943 and joined the merchant navy, serving until 1947.

Career
In the late 1940s, Broadfoot returned home and participated in community theatre in Vancouver, eventually gravitating towards comedy.

He moved to Toronto in 1952 and for ten years was a writer and performer in the stage revues Spring Thaw  and The Big Review. In 1962, Spring Thaw had a run at the Hammersmith Theatre in London, England under the name Clap Hands, with a cast that included Broadfoot, Corinne Conley, Jack Creley and Eric Christmas.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Broadfoot appeared on several CBC television shows, including The Big Revue, the Wayne and Shuster Show, and Comedy Café, on the Ed Sullivan Show in the U.S. in 1955, and on radio with Funny You Should Say That.

From 1973 to 1993 he was a member of the radio version of the Royal Canadian Air Farce. He retired from regular performing when the troupe moved to television, although he continued to appear on the show as an occasional guest star, including the TV series finale in 2008.

In addition to stand-up routines in the traditional format, Broadfoot created a number of recurring characters including, most notably:

Big Bobby Clobber, a professional hockey player who seemed to have taken a few too many hits or else was not very sharp to begin with.
David J. Broadfoot, the Honourable Member of Parliament for Kicking Horse Pass, representing the New Apathetic Party. (Kicking Horse Pass is a mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies with a negligible population.)
Sgt. Renfrew of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Broadfoot performed this character for the RCMP on a number of occasions, receiving  'promotions' over the years. He was an honorary Sergeant-Major. Broadfoot also wrote the scripts for a comic strip adaptation based on this character, which was drawn by Olga Urbansky in the late 1970s.

After leaving Air Farce, Broadfoot toured comedy clubs and appeared at the Just for Laughs festival. He starred in the 1998 comedy special, Old Enough To Say What I Want, and two years later in Old Dog, New Tricks, winning Gemini Awards for both.

Broadfoot also starred in the short-run sitcom XPM. He received several ACTRA and Juno awards and was an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2003, Broadfoot received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement for his work in broadcasting. He wrote an autobiography, also entitled Old Enough to Say What I Want (). He retired in 2005.  Beginning in 2006, the Canadian Comedy Awards gave the Dave Broadfoot Award for Special Achievement.

He also did voices for two animated Christmas specials, George and the Christmas Star and Bluetoes the Christmas Elf, and made a guest appearance as a hospital patient in the hit TV series, Puppets Who Kill. Broadfoot died on November 1, 2016, at the age of 90.

References

External links

1925 births
2016 deaths
Canadian stand-up comedians
Canadian sketch comedians
Canadian radio personalities
Canadian male voice actors
Officers of the Order of Canada
Royal Canadian Air Farce
Canadian sailors
Canadian satirists
Canadian comics writers
Canadian male comedians
Comedians from British Columbia
20th-century Canadian comedians
21st-century Canadian comedians
Governor General's Award winners
People from North Vancouver

Dave Broadfoot


"Bit by a Dead Bee" is the third episode of the second season of the American television crime drama series Breaking Bad and the 10th episode overall. It was written by Peter Gould and directed by Terry McDonough.

Plot
Having gotten away from Tuco Salamanca, Walter White and Jesse Pinkman now have to get home and explain where they have been following their kidnapping. Walt has a plan for both of them and they split up. Walt goes to a supermarket and takes off all of his clothes while walking around the aisles. He is hospitalized and claims to have no memory of where he has been for the last few days. The hospital is unable to find anything wrong with him, and Walt suggests that it was a combination of medication and chemotherapy that could have caused the episode. The hospital believes Walt is at risk for another fugue state and forces him to undergo a psychiatric evaluation. Walt admits to the psychiatrist after receiving assurances regarding patient confidentiality that he remembers everything and just wanted to get away for a while. They eventually agree to release him.

Jesse returns to his house to clean out the basement and get rid of the RV where he and Walt have been making methamphetamine. When the DEA agents track him down, due to Hank Schrader having tracked down Tuco and his uncle Hector while looking for Jesse and deducing a connection after having killed the former, he claims that he has been with a prostitute, Wendy, for the weekend. The DEA does not believe him and brings in Tuco's uncle Hector Salamanca to identify him, but Hector refuses to cooperate with the authorities. They have to let Jesse go. Jesse tries to contact his parents, but they refuse to help him. That night, Walt convinces Jesse to continue cooking meth. Later, Hank gets a present at the station: Tuco's teeth grill encased in a clear acrylic cube.

Production
The episode was written by Peter Gould and directed by Terry McDonough. It aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on March 22, 2009.

Critical reception
Donna Bowman, writing for The A.V. Club, gave it an A rating. Seth Amitin, writing for IGN, praised that the episode emphasized the "psychological impact that everything Pinkman and Walt have been through, for them, for their families". He gave the episode a 9.8/10.

In 2019 The Ringer ranked "Bit by a Dead Bee" 40th out of the 62 total Breaking Bad episodes.

Notes

References

External links
 "Bit by a Dead Bee" at the official Breaking Bad site

2009 American television episodes
Breaking Bad (season 2) episodes
Television episodes written by Peter Gould

Bit by a Dead Bee


Taylor "Tay" Baker is a retired American basketball coach.

He played basketball at Hamilton High School in Hamilton, Ohio, graduating in 1945. He played college basketball at the University of Cincinnati beginning as a freshman in 1947; however, after only three games he began an 18-month hitch in the U.S. Army before returning to the school in 1947. He played for three years and was a top reserve for the first Bearcats teams to win 20 games—23–5 in 1949 and, as a senior, 20–6 in 1950. Both seasons, in addition to his sophomore season, the Bearcats were champions of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).

He then was a teacher and coach at three southwestern Ohio high schools—first at Lebanon High School, then Wyoming High School and Miamisburg High School.

In 1959, he became an assistant coach at his college alma mater, Cincinnati, in 1959 under coach George Smith, a post he retained under Ed Jucker. After an assistant coaching career that included four Final Fours and two NCAA championships for the Bearcats, Baker succeeded Jucker as head coach in 1965.

His first team, in 1965–66, won the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) title and played in the NCAA Tournament, where they were defeated by eventual national champion Texas Western (now UTEP). After posting a 17–9 record in 1971–72, Baker resigned as UC coach. In seven seasons coaching the Bearcats, Baker posted a record of went 125–60.

He moved to crosstown rival Xavier University in 1973, where he went 70–89 in six seasons.

Baker later served as executive director and board member of the non-profit Greater Cincinnati Golf Association which, among other functions, runs the local USGA qualifying tournaments.

In 1996, he was inducted into the University of Cincinnati Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2007, he was inducted into the Lebanon High School Athletic Hall of Fame.

Head coaching record

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Ohio
Basketball players from Ohio
Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball players
Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
High school basketball coaches in Ohio
Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ohio
Xavier Musketeers men's basketball coaches

Tay Baker


Lilith is a female demon in Jewish legends, found first in the Dead Sea scrolls. The legend is related to a Hebrew language term lilith meaning night, and has also been linked to beliefs about demons called lili in ancient Mesopotamia. It is believed by some that during creation, Lilith was made before Eve was. This version states she was created from the same dirt as Adam. She later came to change the earth and make it peaceful. To make the blind see. To let man kind have power over themselves and not let a narcissist rule. To let love and joy rule. Just like magic. As Lilth did not follow Adam, she later fled Eden after the creation of Eve. Lilith is commonly known for being Lucifer's wife and Queen of Hell. In the modern era some people think of Lilith as a sign for feminism as she refused to be ruled by a man.

References

Demons
Judaism

Lilith


Self-organization is a process where some form of order  arises out of a random system. The process is spontaneous: it happens on its own. It is not directed or controlled by any agent inside or outside the system.

Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, social and cognitive systems. A common example is crystallization. An example from biological chemistry is the lipid bilayer, which is the basis of the cell membrane, and so is of great importance.

Many self-organising things have properties which are "emergent". What this means is that one can't predict what will happen, usually because the possibilities are too many to study. Some examples:
Protein folding: after RNA translation, proteins fold themselves up into their working shape. For every protein there are one or two shapes which are stable, but it is almost impossible to predict the folding from the sequence of amino acids.
Liberal economic theory argues that free market economies create a spontaneous order, "a more efficient allocation of societal resources than any design could achieve". Friedrich Hayek. This is the concept of the "invisible hand" (Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations). By acting on information with greater detail and accuracy than is possible for any centralized authority, a more efficient economy is created to the benefit of the whole society.

References

Related pages
Autopoiesis
Cybernetics
Teleology

Systems theory
Biology

Self-organization


Luffaren och Rasmus (Rasmus and the Vagabond) is a 1955 Swedish film directed by Rolf Husberg and written by Astrid Lindgren.

Plot
Rasmus lives in an orphanage. He wants to be adopted by loving parents. But soon he realizes that only girls are adopted. So one day he decides to escape from the orphanage to find the parents on his own.

Shortly after his escape, he meets the tramp Oskar. He joins Oskar on his trip around the country. Oskar earns money by playing the accordion and singing for other people.

One day Oskar and Rasmus are singing in front of a house where a robbery is taking place. The old woman who lives alone in the house is forced to pretend that everything is normal. Oscar and Rasmus realize that something strange is going on. Rasmus sees someone hiding behind the curtain. He also believes the old woman is terribly scared and asks Oscar to find out why. The two observe how some criminals are stealing a valuable necklace.

After the robbery, the old woman is seriously ill and can not testify. The doctor suspects that she may die. Only the maid Anna-Stina testifies. She pretends to be a victim of the robbery. However, she and two of her accomplices are responsible for the robbery. She also explains that a tramp robbed the old lady along with a little boy. Therefore, Oscar and Rasmus are suspected of having something to do with the robbery.

Rasmus and Oskar don't know about the allegations and sing in front of the two accomplices of the maid. Rasmus immediately recognizes the shoes of one of the accomplices. He had seen it flashing up behind the curtain. Rasmus also recognizes the other criminal. He suggests  that he and Oskar could go to the police, but Oskar says that nobody would believe a tramp and a homeless child. Besides, they would need proof.

Soon, the robbers hide their stolen goods in the house where Rasmus and Oskar spend the night. Rasmus and Oskar are discovered by the robbers, but Oskar can hide the stolen goods from the robbers. Then Oskar and Rasmus go to another village to sing there.

A while later Oskar and Rasmus are arrested, because the police suspects, they are the criminals who robbed the old lady. Rasmus and Oskar tell who the real criminals are. However, the police does not believe them. Rasmus escapes. He is captured by the criminals who want him to tell them where the stolen goods are. However, only Oskar knows where the stolen goods are. The robbers want to free Oskar from prison so that he can not tell the police too much about them and tell them the hiding place. Oskar pretends to join the plan but wants to outsmart the criminals. He shows the criminals the hiding place while he is secretly followed by a few policemen. The police finally recognizes who is responsible for the robbery. Oskar and Rasmus give them the stolen goods. While the criminals are arrested, Rasmus and Oskar leave. They go to a house. As it turns out, it is the house of Oskar. He lives there with his wife, but has left his home to live as a tramp. Oskar and his wife want to adopt Rasmus. Rasmus finally has a home.

Cast
 Eskil Dalenius: Rasmus Oskarsson
 Åke Grönberg: Oskar
 Gudrun Brost: Märta
 Sven Almgren: Gunnar
 Eivor Landström: Anna-Stina Karlsson
 Brita Öberg: Miss Höök
 Björn Berglund: Lif
 Sture Djerf: Leander

Background
At first Astrid Lindgren wrote the script for an audio play series, which was first broadcast in 1955 on Sveriges Radio. The script was later used and rewritten for the film. The book titled Rasmus på luffen was first released after publication of the film. On December 3, 1955 Rasmus, Pontus och Toker premiered in Stockholm.

Rasmus Oskarsson is played by the same actor, that portrays Rasmus Rasmusson in Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue or Rasmus Persson in Rasmus, Pontus och Toker but these are both not the same characters. This is a completely independent film.

Reception

Critical response
The Lexikon des internationalen Films says the film is an "educationally clever children's film based on the book by Astrid Lindgren.".

Lova Hagerfors from the Swedish Film Institute believes that the film is told honestly and with great warmth. It was easy to empathize with the fate of Rasmus. The film is surprisingly timeless and still suitable for children today.

OnealRedux from moviebreak.de praises the cheeky dialogues and good characters. The film has a "flair for the 50s" and reveals itself "as a great Feel-Good-Movie".

References

External links

Swedish children's films
1950s Swedish-language films
1955 films
Films based on works by Astrid Lindgren
Swedish black-and-white films
1950s Swedish films

Luffaren och Rasmus


The Suzuki XL-7 (styled as XL7 for the second generation) is a mid-size SUV sold by Suzuki from 1998 to 2009, over two generations. Slotted above the Grand Vitara in Suzuki's lineup, the XL-7 offered three-row seating. XL-7 stands for "Xtra Large 7 seater".

First generation (XL-7; 1998)

The first-generation XL-7 was a Suzuki design, had a body-on-frame construction, and was essentially a stretched Grand Vitara. The North American version had a Suzuki-designed 2.5- or 2.7-liter V6 engine, on a rear-wheel drive-based platform with optional four-wheel drive. Beginning in 2003, European versions were also available with a 2.0-liter Peugeot turbodiesel engine producing .

A unique trait in the US market in this segment, the XL-7 was available with a five-speed manual transmission, in both five- and seven-seat variants.

When introduced, the XL-7 was the least expensive SUV available with three-row seating in North America. It was awarded the Consumers Digest "Best Buy" award. However, sales slowed as the vehicle aged relative to the competition.

In Thailand, the Grand Vitara XL-7 was Imported by Siam International Corporation Co. Ltd. on 2002.

In Indonesia, the Grand Escudo XL-7 was launched on July 19, 2003, at the 12th Gaikindo Auto Expo.

Second generation (XL7; 2006)

Introduced on November 22, 2006, Suzuki partnered with General Motors to build the 2007 model year version, now called XL7 (without the hyphen). It used the same unibody platform and many of the same components as the Chevrolet Equinox, Pontiac Torrent, Saturn Vue and Opel Antara but incorporated third-row seating exclusive to the Suzuki. The second generation model used a version of the GM High Feature engine – designated N36A by Suzuki – built in Japan and shipped to CAMI Automotive in Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada, where the XL7 was assembled alongside the Equinox and Torrent. Styling cues on the 2007 model include a chrome slotted grille and trapezoidal headlights. It no longer has the spare tire mounted on the rear door.

From its introduction in 2007 until its discontinuation in 2009, the second-generation Suzuki XL7 was available in five trim levels: Base (2007-08 only), Special (2007 only), Premium (2008-2009 only), Luxury (2007-2009), and Limited (2007-2009). Depending upon the trim level selected, both two-row, five-passenger seating and XL7 specific three-row, seven-passenger seating were available (the related Chevrolet Equinox and Pontiac Torrent did not offer third-row seating as an option). All XL7s came decently equipped, and depending upon the trim level selected, could be equipped with options such as a premium audio system with a subwoofer and an amplifier, faux wood interior trim, luxury leather-trimmed seating surfaces with power-adjustable and heated dual front bucket seats, remote start, a security system, chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, a power sunroof, a Bluetooth hands-free phone system (2009 models only), a single-disc, CD/MP3 player audio system, a six-disc, in-dash CD/MP3 changer audio system, a touchscreen GPS navigation system with SiriusXM Nav Traffic, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and a rear backup camera system, among other options. Unlike the related Chevrolet Equinox and Pontiac Torrent, the General Motors (GM) OnStar in-vehicle telematics system was not available on the XL7.

All second-generation XL7s were powered by the General Motors (GM) High-Feature V6 producing  and  of torque. This was coded N36A by Suzuki. While 2007 and 2008 models used a five-speed automatic transmission, 2009 models received a new six-speed automatic transmission. Both Front Wheel Drive (FWD) and All Wheel Drive (AWD) models of the XL7 were available.

In May 2009, Suzuki halted production of the XL7 indefinitely due to low demand. Through May 10, 2009, CAMI Automotive had only produced four XL7s for Suzuki after producing more than 12,000 units the previous year. While no direct replacement to the three-row XL7 was available (General Motors offered the larger Buick Enclave, Chevrolet Traverse, and GMC Acadia midsize three-row crossover SUV's), the Chevrolet Equinox and GMC Terrain were considered the successors to the two-row XL7. The 2009 XL7 would be the final vehicle built by General Motors (GM) in partnership with Suzuki Motors.

Markets
The second generation XL7 was also sold in Latin America, the Middle East, etc.

Sales

Other versions
The XL7 nameplate was revived in 2020 for a crossover-inspired derivative of the second-generation Ertiga multi-purpose vehicle (MPV).

References

External links

XL-7
Cars introduced in 1998
2000s cars
Mid-size sport utility vehicles
Crossover sport utility vehicles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles

Suzuki XL-7


Nikolay Nikolayevich Nosov (, ;  – 26 July 1976) was a Soviet writer of children's literature, the author of a number of humorous short stories, a school novel, and the popular trilogy of fairy tale novels about the adventures of Dunno and his friends.

Early life
He was born in a family of an estrada artist. From 1927 to 1929 he was a student of Kyiv Institute of Art, from where he moved to Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, from which he graduated in 1932.

Career
The literary debut of Nosov was in 1938. In 1932 – 1951 he worked as a producer of animated and educational films, including ones for the Red Army, having earned the Order of the Red Star in 1943.

In 1938 Nosov began to publish his stories, including Zatejniki (, roughly translates as Jokers); Alive Hat, Cucumbers, Miraculous Trousers, and Dreamers. These stories were published mainly in the magazine for children Murzilka and many of them make up the foundation of the Nosov's first collection Rat-tat-tat, 1945). Nosov introduced a new hero, naïve and sensible, naughty and curious fidget obsessed by craving for activities and always getting into unusual, often comic situations – into children's literature.

The most popular works became his stories for teenagers Merry Family (1949), The Kolya Sinitsyn's Diary (1950), Vitya Maleev at School and at Home (1951). This last one received Stalin Prize in 1952.

Long-term fame and love of readers were gained by his fairy stories about Dunno (Neznaika). The first of those is the fairy tale Vintik, Shpuntik and vacuum cleaner. Further the hero appeared in the famous trilogy consisting of fairy tale novels The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends (1953–1954), Dunno in Sun City (1958), and Dunno on the Moon (1964–1965).

The writer is also the author of an autobiographical work Story about My Friend Igor (1971–1972) and a memoirs narrative Mystery on a Well Bottom (1977).

He died in Moscow at the age of 67, and was buried at Kuntsevo Cemetery.

Works

Tribute
On 23 November 2018, a Google Doodle was displayed to celebrate his 110th birthday.

References

External links
Neznaika
Nikolay Nosov
Nikolay Nosov, The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends
Children's Books in Soviet Russia. From October Revolution 1917 to Perestroika 1986
Reviews of Neznaika trilogy books by Layla AR
Jolly Family
School Boys
Kolya Sinitsin's Diary
Mishka's Porridge and Other Stories

1908 births
1976 deaths
20th-century Russian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Russian male writers
20th-century short story writers
Writers from Kyiv
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Socialist realism writers
Russian children's writers
Russian male dramatists and playwrights
Russian male writers
Russian short story writers
Soviet children's writers
Soviet dramatists and playwrights
Soviet male writers
Soviet short story writers
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery

Nikolay Nosov


In Scotland a teind () was a tithe derived from the produce of the land for the maintenance of the clergy.

It is also an old lowland term for a tribute due to be paid by the fairies to the devil every seven years. Found in the story of Tam Lin as well as in the ballad of Thomas the Rhymer.

Teind is a Scots word for tithe, meaning a tenth part.

Scottish Reformation and the Thirds of Benefices

Teinds had been used to support the living expenses of clergy. On 15 February 1562 the Privy Council of Scotland regulated the collection of a third of the teinds for the stipends of ministers of the reformed church and the expenses of the royal household. A survey was made of rentals and revenues received by clergy. The resulting "Books of Assumption" is a record of the wealth of the church of Scotland at the Reformation and reveals the names of many secular or laymen owners who then owned former ecclesiastic properties. The detailed record also reveals the variety of agricultural produce, fishing, and coal or lime produced on the lands.

On 1 March 1562 John Wishart of Pitarrow was appointed comptroller and collector-general of teinds. A "Collectory" was established to manage the Thirds of Benefices. In this capacity he became paymaster of the reformed clergy, many of whom resented the scantiness of their stipends. According to John Knox, the saying was current, "The good laird of Pittarro was ane earnest professour of Christ; but the mekle Devill receave the comptrollar". Wishart appointed a kinsman George Wishart of Drymme as a sub-collector of Thirds of Benefices from Forfar and Kincardine, and his account includes payments made by Mary, Queen of Scots, to Knox and his servants, and to David Rizzio.

Extracts from the accounts of the Thirds of Benefices, the records of Collectory between 1561 and 1572 were published by Gordon Donaldson. Much of the money or produce collected went towards the expenses of the royal household and guard. In 1563, John Knox complained that "the gaird and the effairis of the kytcheing wer so gryping that the mynisteris stipendis could nocht be payit". The accounts record wine, beef and mutton, and cheese bought for the royal household. Coal from Wallyford in East Lothian was sent to the Palace of Holyroodhouse for Mary, Queen of Scots, and some was shipped to Aberdeen when she visited.

Some entries relate to the Chaseabout Raid of 1565. John Wishart, a supporter of Mary's half-brother Lord James was replaced as Collector by William Murray of Tullibardine. Subsequently, Adam Erskine of Cambuskenneth, was Collector General.

See also
 Court of Teinds
 Queen of the Fairies
 Elphame

References

Fairies
Scots law legal terminology
Personal taxes
Taxation in Scotland
History of the Church of Scotland
Scots language
Economy and Christianity
Christian law
Giving
History of taxation in the United Kingdom
Legal history of Scotland
Political history of Scotland
Abolished taxes
Monarchy and money
2000 disestablishments in Scotland
Tithes
Scottish exchequer

Teind


The Sivalik Hills or Shivalik Hills or Churia Hills, are a mountain range. They are part of the Himalayas. The Sivalik Hills are from the Indus River about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) east to the Brahmaputra River. They are in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Sivalik hills are 10–50 km (6.2–31.1 mi) wide. The hills are average of 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 feet) tall. There is a 90 km (56 mile) gap between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam. Sivalik literally means "long hair of Shiva." The Sivalik area is home to the Soanian archaeological culture.

Geography of Asia
Himalayas

Sivalik Hills


Dove Holes is a village in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, England. It has a population of about 1,200 (2001), shown in the 2011 Census as being included in the population of Chapel-en-le-Frith.  It straddles the A6 road approximately three miles north of Buxton and three miles south of Chapel-en-le-Frith. Trains run from Dove Holes railway station into Manchester.

Residents of the village live either in the village or on outlying farms. There are around six farms in the village and many more within the boundaries of the parish. There are also large limestone quarries that, over the years, have made an important contribution to the development and economy of the village. Additionally, there are several businesses. There are two public houses, one of which offers accommodation. There is a daily milk delivery service and a mobile library every fortnight. There is a church, Methodist chapel and a community centre. The village lies on the fringe of the Peak District National Park.

Evidence of human occupation at Dove Holes can be traced back to the Neolithic Period (late Stone Age) because of the existence of a henge, known locally as The Bull Ring, and an adjoining tumulus. In the Middle Ages, the area was used as the royal hunting Forest of High Peak (now known as Peak Forest), an area set aside as a royal hunting forest. The village's name is believed to derive from the Celtic word dwfr (dŵr in modern Welsh), which means water, hence Water Holes or Dove Holes. The same word is the origin of the name 'Dover' for the famous Channel ferryport.

In 1650, a General Survey of the Manor of High Peak was made to assess the property of the late King Charles. This recorded that people were burning limestone around the village and that there were 14 kilns thereabouts, the burnt lime (quicklime) being slaked and used by farmers to condition the soil in their fields. At that time, lime kilns could be built and demolished without authority.

With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, and the opening of the Peak Forest Tramway in 1796, the limestone quarries were commercialised. The first of these was at nearby Loads Knowl and others quickly followed along Dove Holes Dale. Undoubtedly, the opening of the Peak Forest Tramway and the consequent expansion of commercial limestone quarries contributed greatly to the expansion of the village. For the first time, there was an outlet for limestone in Manchester via the Peak Forest Tramway, Bugsworth Basin, the Peak Forest Canal and the Ashton Canal.

Buxton Mountain Rescue Team has been based in Dove Holes since the 1970s. Their present base in the village was opened in 1990 by HRH Diana Princess of Wales.

There is a High Peak bus company garage on the east side of the A6, replacing the one which used to be in Buxton.

In 2001, the village was voted the ugliest village in Britain in a Radio 5 Live poll. However Dove Holes railway station was chosen in 2019 to feature in the music video for the chart-topping single "Someone You Loved" by singer Lewis Capaldi.

Cemex operate a quarry in Dove Holes.

References

External links

Villages in Derbyshire
Towns and villages of the Peak District
Chapel-en-le-Frith

Dove Holes


The Avengers is a 1998 American action and spy movie. It comes from the British television series of the same name.

Plot
John Steed, the agent of the Ministry, completes a training course. Dr. Emma Peel gets a phone call telling her to go to a gentlemen's club. She meets Steed for the first time there. The two head off to the Ministry to meet Mother. Mother tells them the Prospero project-a try to change the weather-was sabotaged by Emma Peel. Dr. Peel says she's innocent. She is then sent to work with Steed to find the real suspect.

Steed and Emma follow a lead to the Wonderland Weather. It's a business that creates heat or other weather with a special machine. Steed and Emma find two dead men in teddy bear suits. Members of a secret organization led by Sir August de Wynter wear teddy bear suits to disguise their identities. However, one of them looks like another Emma Peel. Steed arrives in time to save the real Emma Peel.

Steed and Emma go off and visit de Wynter at his mansion. But then, they are attacked by mechanical bees. Alice, a Ministry agent, helps Steed and Emma flee. However, de Wynter catches Emma as she tries to escape though finds herself trapped.

It is later revealed that the other Emma Peel is a clone. Father and the Peel clone catch the real Emma Peel. They're angrily met by Mother. Mother is then incapacitated.

Father and Peel's clone take the real Emma to a hot air balloon. Father and Peel's clone die when the balloon crashes and explodes. Invisible Jones learns de Wynter is using the Prospero instruments on a secret island. Steed and Emma arrive at the island to stop him.

Cast
 Ralph Fiennes as John Steed, a British Ministry agent
 Uma Thurman as Emma Peel, Scientist, Ministry agent
 Sean Connery as Sir August de Wynter, a weather scientist and a terrorist
 Jim Broadbent as Mother, Director of the Ministry
 Fiona Shaw as Father, Deputy Director of the Ministry, ally of Sir August
 Eddie Izzard as Bailey, Sir August's henchman
 Eileen Atkins as Alice, a Ministry Agent
 Carmen Ejogo as Brenda, a Ministry Agent, Mother's aide
 John Wood as Trubshaw, Steed's tailor
 Keeley Hawes as Tamara, Agent of Sir August
 Patrick Macnee (voice) as Invisible Jones, a Ministry Agent
  Lorraine McBride as Nun

Critical response
The Avengers was hated by many movie critics. The Rotten Tomatoes gave this movie a 5% rating, meaning "rotten". The Metacritic rated the movie at 12/100. That rating meant "overwhelming dislike".

The movie won two awards: one Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Remake or Sequel, and a Stinkers Bad Movie Award for Worst Resurrection of a TV show.

Awards

References

1998 action movies
1998 thriller movies
1990s action thriller movies
1990s spy movies
American action thriller movies
American spy movies

The Avengers (1998 movie)


The Sunnyvale Elementary School District is a public school district located in Sunnyvale, California.

The Sunnyvale Elementary School District is a feeder for the Fremont Union High School District and it is made up of ten schools, eight of which are elementary schools, and two which are middle schools. Bishop, Cherry Chase, Cumberland, Ellis, Fairwood,
Lakewood, San Miguel, and Vargas are the eight elementary schools. Columbia and Sunnyvale Middle School are the middle schools.

References

External links

School districts in Santa Clara County, California
Education in Sunnyvale, California

Sunnyvale School District (California)


Philip Bird is an English actor who has appeared in several British shows such as Peter Birch in ITV soap opera Emmerdale in 2006. He has also appeared in BBC's Doctors, ITV's Heartbeat and Coronation Street. He also appeared in ITV sitcoms Tripper's Day and Slinger's Day. In 2014, he played the role of Allen Klein in the musical Sunny Afternoon.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Living people
English male television actors
Year of birth missing (living people)

Philip Bird