Banco de Bilbao v Sancha, Banco de Bilbao v Rey [1938] 2 KB 176 is a judicial decision of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales relating to the conflict of laws and the authority of a party to represent a corporation.  The court upheld the general rule that the persons who have authority to represent a corporation are determined by the law of the corporate domicile of the corporation in question.

The dispute arose because of the events of the Spanish Civil War.  Although the UK government recognised the Republican forces as the lawful government of Spain, in practice the revolutionary forces under General Franco had de facto control of Bilbao, where Banco de Bilbao was based.  The Court accepted that for these purposes the laws passed by the government of General Franco should be treated as the laws which regulate the areas under their control, including Bilbao and Banco de Bilbao.

Facts
The two defendants, Luis Sancha and Antonio Rey, were employees of the Banco de Bilbao at its London branch.  In March 1937 Pedro Albisu presented himself at the bank's London branch and asserted he was now the duly accredited representative of the bank in London, and had power to take charge of all the property and affairs of the London branch.  The two defendants refused to comply.  An action was then commenced in the name of the bank for an injunction to compel Sancha and Rey to comply.

Previously, on 6 October 1936 a law had come into force in the Basque country, in which Bilbao was located, amending the constitution of all banks in the territory, and making provision for the appointments of new boards of directors.  Pursuant to this law a new board purported to take office on 5 January 1937.  It was this new board which was alleged to have appointed Albisu.

Sancha and Rey disputed the validity of these actions.  The law which had been passed was passed by the Revolutionary government of General Franco.  General Franco and the revolutionary government were on one side of the Spanish Civil War.  The other was the Republican government of Spain.  The UK recognised the Republican government as the official government of all of Spain.  At the time of the hearing at first instance (before Lewis J) control over Bilbao remained with the Republican government.  But by the time the case came before the Court of Appeal, Franco's forces had control of the city.

Decision

High Court
At first instance Lewis J held that the laws purportedly passed by Franco's government were ineffective as they did not comply with Spain's constitution.  The bank appealed

Court of Appeal
By the time the matter came before the Court of Appeal, Franco's forces had assumed control of Bilbao.  The Court of Appeal accepted that they had been in charge of the city since 19 June 1937.  It was recognised that Franco's government "exercised de facto administrative control" over the city and most of the Basque region at the time the appeal was heard.  Subsequently, on 22 August 1937 the Republican government passed its own decree moving the corporate seat of all banks from Bilbao to either Valencia or Barcelona.

Clauson LJ gave the decision of the Court.

He began his judgment by remonstrating on a matter of procedure.  When a legal case involved a dispute as to who was legally in control of one of the parties, then that should normally be disposed of as a preliminary issue.  This has not been done in this case, meaning the Court had to proceed on the assumption that Albisu could represent the bank in the proceedings even though that was the very question to be decided.

He then affirmed that "the question of what body of directors have the legal right of representing the Banco de Bilbao ... must depend in the first place on the articles under which it is constituted." and that the proper interpretation and operation of those articles was a matter for the law prevailing in the domicilio social (or corporate home) of the bank.

The question then was which laws governed Bilbao, as the corporate home of the bank.  He noted that the UK government recognised the Republican government of Spain as the lawful government, but that "the insurgent Government of General Franco as the Government de facto of the area in which Bilbao is situate."  He then applied the rule in Luther v Sagor [1921] 3 KB 532 that the acts of a government which has de facto control of an area cannot be dismissed as the acts of a usurping government.  Similarly, the court must treat the acts of the Republican government as a mere nullity in that area because they can exercise no de facto control.

The court also referred to various notarial documents presented by Albisu as proof of his authority. The court dismissed these as they were merely statements by the notary that a person had appeared before them and asserted that a resolution had been passed granting Albisu authority.  There was no separate documentation to prove that, and saying something before a notary does not make it more probative than saying the same thing to the court.

Outcome
Despite ruling in their favour on the matter of law, the Court dismissed the appeal on the grounds that the bank had failed to prove their case.

Authority
The case has been cited with approval on numerous occasions, including by the House of Lords and the Supreme Court, and is generally accepted as correct as a statement of the law.

Footnotes

English conflict of laws case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
1938 in case law
1938 in British law

Banco de Bilbao v Sancha


The Cilician Gates or Gülek Pass is a pass through the Taurus Mountains connecting the low plains of Cilicia to the Anatolian Plateau, by way of the narrow gorge of the Gökoluk River. Its highest elevation is about 1000m.

The Cilician Gates have been a major commercial and military artery for millennia. In the early 20th century, a narrow-gauge railway was built through them, and today, the Tarsus-Ankara Highway (E90, O-21) passes through them.

The southern end of the Cilician gates is about 44 km north of Tarsus and the northern end leads to Cappadocia.

History
Yumuktepe (modern Mersin), which guards the Adana side of the gateway, with 23 layers of occupation, is at 4,500 BCE, one of the oldest fortified settlements in the world. The ancient pathway was a track for mule caravans, not wheeled vehicles. The Hittites, Greeks, Alexander the Great, the Romans, Byzantines, Sasanians, Mongols, and the Crusaders of the First Crusade have all traveled this route during their campaigns. The Bible testifies that Saint Paul of Tarsus and Silas went this way as they went through Syria and Cilicia. The Book of Galatians speaks of the cities of Derbe, Lystra, and Iconium - cities visited by Paul on his first journey (Acts 14; Gal. 1:2), with the purpose of strengthening their churches, at the beginning of the second preaching journey (Acts 15:40-41).

The distance from the Anatolian plateau to the Cilician plain is about . In ancient times, this was a journey of nearly five days. Saint Paul spoke, according to the Bible, about being in "dangers from rivers" and "dangers from robbers" (2 Cor. 11:26). This may explain why one of the world's oldest fortresses was built at the southeastern end of the Cilician Gates around 4500 BCE. The Army of the Ten Thousand, Alexander the Great before the Battle of Issus, Paul of Tarsus on his way to the Galatians, and part of the army of the First Crusade all passed through the Cilician Gates. The Crusaders allied themselves with the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

Above the Gates to the southwest is Gülek Kalesi (Armenian: Kuklak; Arab: Kawlāk), a large fortification of considerable antiquity that retains evidence of Byzantine and Arab periods of occupation, but is primarily an Armenian construction of the 12th and 13th centuries. Its circuit walls and towers at the south and west cover a distance of over 450 meters. Below the Cilician Gates is the medieval Armenian fortress of Anahşa with its large horseshoe-shaped towers and three entrances.    Also in the vicinity of the Gates is a fort built in the 1830s by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt during his Syrian campaign against the Ottomans.

When German engineers were working on the Baghdad Railway between Istanbul and Baghdad, they were unable to follow the steep-pitched, narrow, and tightly winding ancient track through the Gates. The series of viaducts and tunnels they built are among the marvels of railroad engineering; this route actually follows an ancient secondary road southeast from Pozantı, below Anahşa Dağı with its medieval Armenian fortress. The railroad was opened in 1918; the narrow-gauge working line moved Ottoman troops and war material to the Mesopotamian front in the closing months of World War I.

See also
Battle of the Cilician Gates
Cilicia
Cilicia (satrapy)
Gülek
Caspian Gates

References

External links
 Livius.org: Cilician Gate
 Railroad engineering through the Cilician Gates

Geography of ancient Cappadocia
Geography of ancient Cilicia
Mountain passes of Turkey
Landforms of Mersin Province
History of Mersin Province

Cilician Gates


Jean Claude Mimran (born 1945) is a French businessman with extensive agricultural interests in Senegal, and banking and industrial investments. He is the president of The Mimran Group. Mimran has two brothers, Robert and Patrick. The Swiss business magazine BILANZ has listed Mimran as one of the 300 richest people in Switzerland, with a wealth of CHF 2 billion.

Early life
Mimran was born in 1945, one of three sons of Jacques Mimran, a Sephardic Jew from Morocco. His mother came from the French island of Corsica. Mimran joined his family's company after high school. He started working for his family's eponymous Mimran Group aged 18, later working at a sawmill and undergoing his French military service. After leaving the army he went to live in Africa and worked for his father's company.

Business career
Mimran's father died in 1975, and the family invested in sugarcane, which provided the basis for their future wealth. Mimran now runs the Mimran Group with his brothers. Mimran has been married twice and is the father of five children, among them his sons, Nachson and David Mimran. Mimran spends two months of every year on his yacht in the Mediterranean sea.

In September 1992 Mimran and his brothers were listed by Fortune as being based in Geneva, Switzerland, and having a combined wealth of $1.5 billion. Fortune listed their wealth as having derived from "Sugar and flour production, animal feed, plastic extrusion, banking, real estate". Mimran owns 15 cars and is a collector of impressionist and post-impressionist art.

In January 1981 Mimran and his brother Patrick bought the assets of the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini for $3 million. Lamborghini was sold to Chrysler Corporation in 1987.

Senegal
Mimran has been nicknamed "The Sugar King of Africa", and through the Mimran Group, is the largest flour miller and alcohol distiller in the west African region. He also has interests in raw materials handling and shipping. The Mimran Group is based in Monaco. It is the largest employer in Senegal after the country's government.

Mimran is the owner of the Compagnie Sucrière Sénégalaise (CSS) who cultivate 8,000 hectares of sugarcane in Senegal, and have more than 5,000 employees during harvest time. The operations of CSS expanded the population of the Senegalese town of Richard Toll from 2,000 to over 60,000 inhabitants.

Gstaad
Mimran is the majority owner of the Alpina Gstaad, a luxury hotel in Gstaad, Switzerland, that opened in December 2012. The 56-room hotel cost $336 million to build, an average cost of $5 million per room. The building of the hotel was completed without any debt, having been funded by the construction of chalets and apartments on the site. It was the first luxury hotel to open in Gstaad for 100 years. The minority partner in the hotel is a Swiss businessman, Marcel Bach. In 2005, with the British businessman and Formula One Executive Bernie Ecclestone, Mimran and Bach bought ski lifts and the rights to Glacier 3000, a nearby skiing area in Gstaad's neighbouring Les Diablerets district.

Personal life
Mimran has 5 children with his two wives, including sons David and Nachson. David's first wife Lucy is a former fashion model, and his second wife is the Swiss model Julie Ordon. David Mimran is a film producer and founder of Mimran Schur Pictures. He has produced a number of films including Warrior, Stone, Pawn Shop Chronicles, and others. In 2015, David Mimran became the CEO of his family's Mimran Group, and the primary stakeholder in Canada's Teranga Gold.

References

External links
Mimran Group Official Site

1945 births
Living people
Businesspeople in the sugar industry
Agriculture in Senegal
French art collectors
French bankers
French billionaires
French expatriates in Switzerland
French hoteliers
20th-century French Sephardi Jews
French people of Algerian descent
French people of Corsican descent
Lamborghini people
People from Gstaad

Jean Claude Mimran


The Lucha Libre World Cup was a two-day professional wrestling event and tournament  organized by Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) with the financial backing of the Grupo Modelo brewery, with Victoria Beer as the official sponsor. The tournament included a number of three-man tag teams, referred to as trios in Lucha Libre, teams and wrestling promotions already announced are AAA, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Lucha Underground and Pro Wrestling Noah among others. The tournament was announced as "Lucha Libre Victoria World Cup".

Production

Background
The Mexican lucha libre promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), with the financial support of the Mexican brewing company Grupo Modelo organized the first ever Lucha Libre World Cup over the summer of 2015. The tournament itself was a one-night eight-team tournament for trios, or tag teams of three wrestlers. AAA reached out to several promotions both in Mexico and around the world and arranged for six of the eight teams to come from outside of AAA. Japanese wrestling promotions All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Pro Wrestling Noah. Both Total Nonstop Action and Ring of Honor, based in the United States, also sent representatives to the tournament, in each case bolstered by representatives of Lucha Underground, an AAA joint-venture project based on Los Angeles. The tournament took place on May 25, 2015, and had the AAA labelled "Dream Team" of Rey Mysterio Jr., El Patrón Alberto and Myzteziz win the tournament, defeating Team TNA/Lucha Underground (Matt Hardy, Mr. Anderson and Johnny Mundo) in the finals.

Storylines
The event featured various professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Wrestlers and promotions from around the world, Pro Wrestling Noah, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Lucha Underground, Pro Wrestling Wave and Oz Academy, were announced as being involved. The inclusion of Wave and Oz Academy meant that female wrestlers were going to be included too as they are all-female wrestling promotions. On April 22, 2016, AAA made their first official press release confirming the 2016 version of the Lucha Libre World Cup. The statement confirmed that there would be two qualifying matches for the Cup during the April 29 show in Xalapa, Veracruz, but did not reveal a date for the tournament nor any other participants. The first qualifier was a three-way match between Perros del Mal ("The Bad Dogs") teammates Joe Líder, Daga and Pentagón Jr., with the winner becoming part of a team representing AAA. The other qualifier was announced as current AAA Mega Champion El Texano Jr. wrestling against Taurus and Garza Jr. Of all the announced participants only Texano Jr. had participated in the previous year's Lucha Libre World Cup. The third qualifying match for Team AAA took place during the May 14 show in Orizaba, Veracruz and it was originally a three-way match between Nicho el Millonario, Ricky Marvin and El Hijo del Pirata Morgan but later due to a request from Psycho Clown he was added to the match and eventually won.

Tournament rules
AAA vice president Dorian Roldán explained the rules in a video uploaded to AAA's official YouTube channel last year. The tournament would consist of trios matches structured in quarterfinals, semi-finals and a final, plus an extra match to determine the third place. The bouts are slated to have a 15-minute time limit. If the time limit is reached without a clear winner, each of the participating teams selects one member, and the two picked wrestlers face off in a 5-minute sudden death in which the winning wrestler gets the victory for his team. There will be as many sudden deaths as necessary to determine a victor.

Teams
Men's Division

Women's Division

Tournament bracket
Men's Division

Women's Division

References

External links
 Official Facebook page
 Official Website

2016 in professional wrestling
2016
2016 in Mexico
Events in Mexico City
June 2016 events in Mexico
Pro Wrestling Noah shows
Pro Wrestling Zero1
Lucha Underground shows
Impact Wrestling shows

Lucha Libre World Cup (2016)


Andromeda (formally titled Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda) is a Canadian-American science fiction television series. Between 2000 and 2005, 110 episodes were produced. Each episode runs for about 40 minutes. The series is loosely based on a Star Trek related theme. It is based on material by  Gene Roddenberry.  His widow,  Majel Barrett, helped produce it.

As of 2021, Andromeda is one of two TV series (the other is Earth: Final Conflict) based on ideas Roddenberry had as early as the 1960s and 1970s. Roddenberry died in 1991, nine years before the  series premiere. The name "Dylan Hunt" was used  for the hero of two TV pilots Roddenberry had produced in the mid-1970s, Genesis II, and Planet Earth. Both had a similar setting.

Related pages
A for Andromeda tv series, 2006 film and book.

2000s Canadian television series

Andromeda (TV series)


Finbar Furey (born 28 September 1946) is a multi-instrumental Irish folk musician, best known for his band of brothers, The Fureys. The Fureys were formed in Ballyfermot, Dublin, where they grew up.

Early life
Finbar Furey was born on 28 September 1946 in Ballyfermot, Dublin. Finbar's well-known musician father, Ted started him on the Uilleann pipes while he was very young.  By his teens, he had won three All Ireland Medals, The Oireachtas, and many Feisanna. He was the only piper to win the All Ireland, the Oireachtas medal and the four province titles in the same year. Finbar is an Irish Traveller.

Career

Finbar popularized the pipes worldwide while on tour with his brother Eddie in the 1960s. In 1969, Finbar and Eddie began touring as backup musicians for the influential Irish folk group The Clancy Brothers. Finbar played the pipes, as well as the banjo, tin whistle, and guitar with the group live, on television, and on recordings. The Furey brothers left the group the following year and began performing as a duo again. Finbar and Eddie were awarded Single of the Year by John Peel in 1972.

When the younger brothers Paul and George joined the band, several years later, The Fureys enjoyed hits including When You Were Sweet Sixteen, Tara Hill, Green Fields of France, Red Rose Café, and The Lonesome Boatman.  In Britain, they became one of the first Irish folk groups to play on Top of the Pops.

In 1997, after nearly thirty years as The Fureys' front man, Finbar decided the time was right to follow his own path as a singer songwriter.  He decided to step aside and pursue his solo career, to present his definitive one-man show, and to explore new pastures as a singer, producer, and writer.

In the early 2000s, Finbar began an acting career.  His first appearance was in the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York.  He has also appeared in 2004's Adam & Paul, 2007's Strength and Honour, 2010s short Paris Sexy, and the RTÉ Television series 'Love/Hate.

In 2011 he released the album Colours on Dolphin Music.  The album, which featured guest performances from Mary Black and Shayne Ward, was released in North America in 2012 on the Valley Entertainment record label.

In August 2013, Furey appeared on the Irish television show The Hit''.  He recorded a single pitched by a songwriter, Gerry Fleming, "The Last Great Love Song", which charted at number one in the Irish charts, against Mundy's song "Jigsaw Man" written by Mark Walsh, which charted at number five. The song was performed again with the RTÉ Concert Orchestra in the final and came first place in the public vote, earning the title "The Ultimate Hit".

References

1946 births
Living people
Musicians from Dublin (city)
Irish male uilleann pipers
Transatlantic Records artists
20th-century Irish uilleann pipers
21st-century Irish uilleann pipers
21st-century Irish male musicians

Finbar Furey


Le Sihui (樂思晦) (died 691) was an official during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor.

It is not known when Le Sihui was born. His father Le Yanwei served as chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian's husband Emperor Gaozong of Tang. In 691, after Wu Zetian had herself assumed the title of "emperor" in 690, Le Sihui was Luantai Shilang (鸞臺侍郎), the deputy head of the examination bureau of government (鸞臺, Luantai), when Wu Zetian gave him the designation of Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi (同鳳閣鸞臺平章事), making him a chancellor de facto. About four months later, however, for reasons lost to history, he was executed. (His son, who was not yet 10 years old and whose name is lost to history, was made a servant at the ministry of agriculture, and in 692 was instrumental in submitting a petition to persuade Wu Zetian to release the officials Ren Zhigu, Di Renjie, Pei Xingben, Cui Xuanli (崔宣禮), Lu Xian (盧獻), Wei Yuanzhong, and Li Sizhen (李嗣真) after they had been arrested on suspicion of treason.)

References
 Old Book of Tang, vol. 81.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 204.

Chancellors under Wu Zetian
691 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Executed Tang dynasty people
People executed by the Tang dynasty

Le Sihui


Jack Harris (born September 18, 1941) is a broadcaster. He is the studio host for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers Radio Network and a play-by-play voice for the Tampa Bay Storm and the Outback Bowl. He started doing play-by-play for the South Florida Bulls men's basketball team as well as the Tampa Bay Rowdies. He was sports anchor at WTOG-TV and WFLA-TV where he was host of Pulse Plus! on WTVT-TV before WFLA-TV fired Harris.

Living people
1941 births
National Football League broadcasters
Arena Football League broadcasters
College football broadcasters
College basketball broadcasters
American sports commentators

Jack Harris


Alberto Vanasco (Buenos Aires, Argentina; 1925 – May 11, 1993) was an Argentine novelist, poet and short fiction writer.

Biography
Alberto Vanasco was born in 1925 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.  His family moved to San Juan to settle at an estate belonging to his grandfather on his mother's side as a consequence to the crisis of the 1930s, as his father lost his job at the Municipal Bank.  There in San Juan, Alberto Vanasco started his primary education.  In 1934, his family moved back to a suburb of Buenos Aires, and by 1939, he moved once again to the town of San Martin.  Changing to different sites of residence, from the countryside to the suburbs, had a profound impact on the author's personality that was reflected on his poetry. During his studies at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires he met other artists such as Mario Trejo, Aldo Cristiani, and César de Vedia.  In 1943 he published his first book, a short novel entitled Justo en la cruz del camino (Just in the Way's Crossing).

After his father's death in 1944, his family returned to Buenos Aires; there Alberto Vanasco had different jobs: at the Transportation Corporation, at the Court, as private professor of mathematics, as a custom's officer, journalist, translator, among others.  These jobs left on him an experience that he reflected on his poems and short stories.

In 1961 he travelled to New York, where he stood two years working for Crown Publishers.  In 1968, he married Alicia Virginia Petti, with whom he travelled through Europe in 1972, and settled in Barcelona, at Alberto Cousté's house.  From that moment he lived exclusively from his literary works and wrote television scripts.  He published in the magazine Zona among other poets, and was professor of physics, mathematics, and literature.  He participated in the vanguard literary movement.  His job as a story teller adjusts to the necessity of renewing and broadening the possibilities of the novelistic language through new means or expressive instruments.  He was pointed by critics as one of the Argentina writers that used the techniques of objectivism before this movement became widely known, his latter novelistic works comprise a trilogy in which this judgment is based: Sin embargo Juan vivía (Even Though Juan Lived, 1948); Para ellos la eternidad (Eternity for Them, 1957); Los muchos que no viven (The Many of Them Who Don't Live, 1964).  In his poetic topics, identified with reality in different planes, it is evident a permanent interest and preoccupation for the political-social circumstances.  He was president of the National Protecting Commission of Popular Libraries of Argentina (Conabip) from 1991 until his death.  He died on May 11, 1993, in Buenos Aires.

Works
Novels
Justo en la cruz del camino (Just in the Crossroads, 1943)
Sin embargo Juan vivía (Nevertheless, Juan Lived, 1948)
Para ellos la eternidad (For Them is Eternity, 1957), that was later made a movie in 1964 titled Todo sol es amargo (Every Sun is Bitter), directed by Alfredo Mathé and starring Federico Luppi, Lautaro Murúa, Héctor Alterio, Elena Cánepa and Haydée Padilla.
Los muchos que no viven (The Many Who Don't Live, 1964)
Nueva York-Nueva York (New York-New York, 1967)
Otros verán el mar (Others Will See the Sea, 1977)
Playwrights
No hay piedad para Hamlet (No Mercy for Hamlet, 1948), in collaboration with Mario Trejo, Buenos Aires Municipal Award, 1957, and Florencio Sánchez National Award, 1960.
Poetry
24 sonetos absolutos y dos intrascendentes (24 absolute sonnets and two intrascendental ones) (1945)
Cuartetos y tercetos definitivos (Definitive Quartets and Tercets)(1947)
Ella en general (She in General, 1954)
Canto rodado (Rolling Stone [a play on words that can also mean Rolling Song], 1962).
Sonetos (Sonnets, 1971), reedition of 24 sonetos absolutos y 2 intrascendentes and Cuartetos y Tercetos definitivos together.
Short Fiction
Memorias del futuro (Memories of the Future, 1966), in collaboration with Eduardo Goligorsky.
Adiós al mañana (Goodbye to Tomorrow, 1967), in collaboration with Eduardo Goligorsky.
Memorias del futuro (1976), book that included three stories from the previous book under the same title, and five from Adiós al mañana, with new short stories.
Nuevas memorias del futuro (New Memories of the Future, 1977)
Essay
Vida y obra de Hegel (Life and Works of Hegel, 1973)

References

External links
Online sources
  Alberto Vanasco, Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Argentina, Axxón.
  Konex Award 1984: Science Fiction, Alberto Vanasco, Konex Foundation.

20th-century Argentine poets
20th-century Argentine male writers
Argentine male poets
1925 births
1993 deaths
Writers from Buenos Aires
International Writing Program alumni

Alberto Vanasco


Michael Andrew Bordin (born November 27, 1962) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band Faith No More. He has amicably been known as "Puffy", "Puffster" or "The Puff", in reference to the afro hair style he wore in the early 1980s. The nicknames were coined by Faith No More guitarist Jim Martin, and they stuck around even after he grew out his hair and tied it in dreadlocks, a trademark look he has worn for most of his career.

Bordin was one of the three founding band members of Faith No More in 1983 and was the band's only drummer throughout its span, remaining with the group until its initial breakup in April 1998. He rejoined Faith No More when the band reformed in 2009. Bordin has also performed with Ozzy Osbourne, Black Sabbath, Korn, Black Label Society, Jerry Cantrell, Primus, The Chickenfuckers and Pop-O-Pies. Some of his pre-Faith No More bands include Faith. No Man., Sharp Young Men and EZ-Street. Bordin has played alongside all three Metallica bassists over the years; he played with Cliff Burton in EZ-Street and with Jason Newsted and Robert Trujillo with Ozzy Osbourne and Jerry Cantrell.

Biography

Early years
Regarding his ancestral background, Bordin said in a 1990 interview with Australian publication Smash Hits "My grandfather came from Russia [and] Kyiv. That side of my family is Russian and Welsh. The other side is Italian, Hungarian and i think some Polish too. I'm a real mongrel.". Billy Gould also mentions Bordin's Jewish descent. In the late 1970s, while still a student at Castro Valley High School, Bordin formed his first band EZ-Street with future Metallica bassist Cliff Burton. The two recruited local metalhead and future Faith No More guitarist Jim Martin to complete the trio.

In 1981, Bordin left EZ-Street because of frictions with guitarist Jim Martin. He joined up with a San Francisco post-punk outfit going under the name of Sharp Young Men. Sharp Young Men was fronted by Mike Morris (also on guitar), with Billy Gould on bass and keyboardist Wade Worthington. After playing a few shows for a year, the band decided to change its name because it didn't like the image it gave off. In late 1982, Sharp Young Men became Faith. No Man., a name that Bordin suggested, meaning "Faith In No Man".

Faith. No Man. recorded a two-song 7" single in early 1983, followed by a three-song demo tape in the summer. In between those two recordings, keyboardist Wade Worthington left and was replaced by Billy Gould's childhood friend Roddy Bottum. In the late summer, Bordin, Bottum and Gould quit Faith. No Man. because of frictions with Morris, and formed a new band, Faith No More. Faith No More played its first show in October 1983. Bordin's former EZ-Street bandmate Jim Martin later joined the band in the summer of 1984.

Faith No More
Faith No More released their first album, We Care a Lot, in 1985. After releasing several more albums, including the Grammy-nominated The Real Thing, Faith No More disbanded in 1998.

In 2009, Faith No More reformed and performed a series of festival shows in Europe and Australia, leading to several shows in select American cities.

In 2015, Faith No More released Sol Invictus, their first album since Album of the Year, and first since their reunion. It met considerable critical attention, and the band embarked on a worldwide tour.

Collaborations with Primus
Bordin has worked closely with Primus on several occasions. He first provided guest vocals on two songs from Primus' 1990 album Frizzle Fry; "John the Fisherman" and "Sathington Willoby", credited under the Fart Sandwich Posse band. In 1991 he provided guest vocals and drums on the song "Los Bastardos" which was released on Sailing the Seas of Cheese. Finally, he played drums on the song "Choked", a collaboration with Primus' Tim Alexander and Tool's Maynard James Keenan, released on the 1997 compilation Flyin' Traps.

Ozzy Osbourne
In 1996, Bordin began performing with Ozzy Osbourne's band.

Due to Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward's health issues during tour, Bordin had a brief stretch playing with the other original members of Black Sabbath. He played the closing segments of Ozzy Osbourne's 1997 headlining concerts during the Ozzfest tour.

Bordin re-recorded the drum tracks on Osbourne's solo albums, Blizzard of Ozz and Diary of a Madman, for the controversial remasters released in 2002. The re-recordings were the result of a lawsuit brought by original drummer Lee Kerslake and original bassist Bob Daisley for unpaid royalties.

Korn
In 2000, Bordin filled in as Korn's live drummer for approximately 7 months and nearly 100 shows. At the time of his joining, Korn's fourth album Issues had been nominated for two Grammys in March 2000 and had already achieved triple-platinum certification by the RIAA since its release five months earlier, in November 1999. Korn's Sick and Twisted Tour began on February 18, 2000, to promote the full-length. On March 10, 2000, only 14 dates into the tour, Korn drummer David Silveria's right wrist gave out on the night of their concert at the Fargodome in Fargo, North Dakota. The band went out on stage and Silveria announced to the audience that the concert had to be postponed because of his inability to play. The injury was allegedly caused by Silvera's left ribs, and the same limp wrist condition had previously occurred the year before, causing the band to cancel the last two shows of their tour with Rob Zombie. Three Midwest dates in Madison, Wisconsin, Minneapolis, Minnesota and Moline, Illinois had to be rescheduled while the band found a replacement.

Korn returned to California for a few days and called on Bordin to fill in while Silveria recovered. The band invited Bordin because he was apparently the only drummer they could think of who could perform in the style they wanted. Faith No More had been a major inspiration when Korn started out in the early 1990s, and the band later went on to record a cover of We Care a Lot in 2005 for a proposed covers' album titled Korn Kovers. Korn spent 5 days (March 11–15) teaching Bordin an initial 12 songs at their rehearsal space in California, with Silveria present to guide him. Throughout the rest of the year, Bordin learned an additional 10 songs, which were added to the set list. On March 16, the band flew out to Illinois for their first show with Bordin on drums at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont. Bordin remained with Korn for the rest of the year, which also included The Summer Sanitarium Tour with Metallica in June and July. He also traveled with Korn to Europe to promote Issues. Silveria return to Korn in the fall of 2000 to start writing their fifth album, later released as Untouchables.

Other appearances
Bordin performs on Jerry Cantrell's 2002 album, Degradation Trip.

On January 21, 2001, Bordin competed on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. He missed the $32,000 question, winning $1,000. His appearance on the show was not on the celebrity edition, but a normal edition with the jackpot raised at $1,810,000. Coincidentally, his wife Merilee had been the contestant right before him. She too reached the $32,000 question and missed. Former Ozzy Osbourne bandmate Robert Trujillo (now of Metallica) attended in the audience.

Personal life
Mike Bordin was married in 1994 to Merilee Ann Bordin (née Hague) after dating for 10 years (since 1984). She is a classically trained chef and food stylist who studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Mike and Merilee have two daughters, Abby and Violet. Bordin's eldest daughter was born in 1997 when he was touring for Faith No More's Album of the Year, and Violet is an artist who designed poster art for the band.

Setup (2009)
As a left-handed drummer, he uses a right-handed kit with his ride cymbal on the left.
Drums
Yamaha Oak Custom
 14" x 12" Mounted Tom
 15" x 13" Mounted Tom
 18" x 16" Floor Tom
 24" x 17" Bass Drum
 14" x 6.5" Mike Bordin Signature Snare (Copper Shell)

Cymbals
Zildjian
 15" Rock Hi-Hat Bottom (Top Hat)
 15" A Mastersound Hi-Hat Bottom
 19" K Medium Thin Dark Crash
 20" A Medium Crash (Brilliant)
 21" A Sweet Ride (Brilliant)
 22" Z Heavy Power Ride
 19" K China

Hardware
 Yamaha Rack and Stand
 DW 5000 Delta Series Strap Drive Double Pedals

Heads
Remo
 Mounted and Floor Toms – Coated Emperor (batter), Clear Ambassador (resonant)
 Snare – Emperor-X (batter)
 Bass – P3 Clear

Sticks
 Vic Firth Rock

Discography

Jerry Cantrell
 Degradation Trip (2002)

Ozzy Osbourne
 Down to Earth (2001)
 Live at Budokan (2002)
 Blizzard of Ozz (Re-recording) (2002)
 Diary of a Madman (re-recording) (2002)
 Under Cover (2005)
 Black Rain (2007)

References

1962 births
Living people
American heavy metal drummers
American people of Russian descent
American people of Ukrainian descent
American people of Welsh descent
American people of Hungarian descent
American people of Italian descent
American people of Polish descent
American people of Jewish descent
Drummers from San Francisco
Black Sabbath members
Faith No More members
The Ozzy Osbourne Band members
Alternative metal musicians
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers

Mike Bordin


Palmer Park is an urban park at 201 E. 111th Street on the far South Side of Chicago, Illinois, USA.

History
Palmer Park was created in 1904 by the South Park Commission. Under the guidance of superintendent J. Frank Foster, the commission opened ten new neighborhood parks, including Palmer Park, in an effort to create breathing space and recreational areas in the city's crowded tenement districts. These parks were built by Olmsted Brothers landscape architects and D.H. Burnham and Co. architects. The park is named for Potter Palmer, a successful businessman and real estate investor concerned with the development of Chicago. Palmer was responsible for reclaiming the acres of swampland north of the city's business district, which were developed into the Lake Shore Drive area. He built the original baseball field for the Cubs' predecessor, the Chicago White Stockings, and built the Palmer House Hotel.

In 1934, the city's 22 independent park commissions were consolidated into a new unified system, and Palmer Park became park of the Chicago Park District. Park district art director James McBurney painted three murals for Palmer Park as a Works Progress Administration project with money from the federal government. The three are: "Native Americans," "Explorers," and "Dutch settlers." Other noteworthy McBurney murals are found at the Wentworth School, Tilden High School, and Woodlawn National Bank.

Facilities
The park, located just south of Gwendolyn Brooks College Preparatory Academy is open daily from dawn to dusk, with free admission. Facilities at the park include baseball fields, an indoor gym, meeting rooms, an outdoor swimming pool, and tennis courts.

References

South Side, Chicago
Historic districts in Chicago
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Works Progress Administration in Illinois
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1904 establishments in Illinois

Palmer Park (Chicago)


Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (8 February 1744 – 10 February 1817) was a Catholic German bishop and statesman. In various capacities, he served as Prince-Archbishop of Regensburg, Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Bishop of Constance and Worms, Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine and grand duke of Frankfurt. Dalberg was the last Archbishop-Elector of Mainz.

Early life and career

Born in Mannheim,<ref name=Bischof>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_SIM_03344 Bischof, Franz Xaver. "Dalberg, Karl Theodor Anton Maria v.", Religion Past and Present], 2013
</ref> as a member of Dalberg family, he was the son of Franz Heinrich von Dalberg (1716–1776), administrator of Worms, one of the chief counsellors of the Prince-elector and Archbishop of Mainz and his wife, Baroness Maria Sophie Anna von Eltz-Kempenich (1722–1763). Karl devoted himself to the study of canon law, and entered the church. At the beginning of 1765 he entered the administrative service of the ministry in Mainz.

Having been appointed in 1772 governor of Erfurt, he won further advancement by his successful administration. He was rector of the cathedral school in Würzburg in 1780.

In 1787 he was elected coadjutor cum iure successionis of the Archbishopric of Mainz and the Bishopric of Worms, and in 1788 of the Bishopric of Constance; at the same time, he became titular archbishop of Tarsus in Cilicia and was ordained priest (11/11/1787) and bishop (8/31/1788). After succeeding the respective bishops in Constance (1800) and Worms (1802), he also succeeded in Mainz as the last archbishop-elector, albeit temporally only in the electorate's left bank territories and also, de facto, in the pastoral ones as far as the right bank of the Rhine.

As statesman, Dalberg was distinguished by his patriotic attitude, whether in ecclesiastical matters, in which he leaned to the Febronian view of a German national church, or in his efforts to galvanize the atrophied machinery of the Holy Roman Empire into some sort of effective central government of Germany. Failing in this, he turned to the rising star of Napoleon, believing that he had found in him the only force strong enough to save Germany from dissolution.

By the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, in which all territories on the left bank of the River Rhine were ceded to France, Dalberg's predecessor had to surrender Mainz and Worms; the Concordat of 1801 had reduced Mainz to a simple diocese in the province of Mechelen that conscribed the French department of Mont-Tonnerre (including the city of Worms). For Mainz, Joseph Ludwig Colmar was soon appointed as bishop. (Worms, though it had lost its city, remained an extant diocese on the right bank of the Rhine, so Dalberg could succeed there.)

In the Final Recess of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation of 1803, it was decided to compensate German princes for their losses to France by distributing the church land among them, so Dalberg lost a couple of territories there (among other things, Constance), though (due to his prominent position of the Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, and perhaps also due to his personality and skilled diplomacy), he would be the only spiritual prince to retain at least some territory for temporal government: the Mainzian lands around Aschaffenburg, the '' (Free Imperial City) of Wetzlar (with the rank of a Countship) and the Principality of Regensburg containing the Imperial City, the prince-bishopric, and some independent monasteries. (Regensburg was also where the Imperial Deputation had taken place.) In addition, he was designated Archbishop of the (former Salzburg suffragan) Regensburg, to which (spiritually now) the former Mainz lands on the right bank of the Rhine, and the former Mainzian suffragans were attached.

This was, of course, the decision of a state authority which, in its spiritual part, could not take effect until ratified by the Pope; in any case, Regensburg's bishop, Josef Conrad of Schroffenberg-Mös, was still alive at the time. So, Dalberg did not exercise spiritual authority in the older part of the Regensburg diocese until Bishop Schroffenberg died, at which point he made himself elected vicar capitular of the diocese; finally, on 1 February 1805, he received the papal assent and was Archbishop of Regensburg.

Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine

After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Dalberg together with other princes joined the Confederation of the Rhine. He formally resigned the office of Arch-Chancellor in a letter to Emperor Francis II, and was appointed prince-primate of the Confederation of the Rhine by Napoleon. At that point, the  of Frankfurt was included among his territories. Not long after, Dalberg appointed Napoleon's uncle, Cardinal Fesch, coadjutor in his archdiocese (an action for which he had no canonical rights).

After the Treaty of Schönbrunn (1810), he was elevated by the French to the rank of Grand Duke of Frankfurt. This greatly augmented Dalberg's territories, although he had to cede Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria. As Grand Duke of Frankfurt he ordered all restrictions on the Jews of Frankfurt lifted. This was opposed by the Lutheran town council, until 1811, when Dalberg issued a proclamation ending the requirement that Jews live in the ghetto or pay special taxes.

On 14 January 1806 he performed the wedding of Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon's stepson, and the Bavarian Princess Augusta of Bavaria. In 1813 he ceded all his temporal offices (about to be overrun by the Sixth Coalition) to Beauharnais.

Death and legacy
Dalberg died in 1817 in Regensburg.

Though his political subservience to Napoleon was resented by a later generation in Germany, as a man and prelate he is remembered as amiable, conscientious and large-hearted. Himself a scholar and author, Dalberg was a notable patron of letters, and was the friend of Goethe, Schiller and Wieland.

Notes

External links

1744 births
1817 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Worms
19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Holy Roman Empire
Archbishop-Electors of Mainz
Roman Catholic bishops of Constance
19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bavaria
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Prince-primate of the Confederation of the Rhine

Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg


Renaissance studies (also Renaissance and Early Modern Studies) is the interdisciplinary study of the Renaissance and early modern period. The field of study often incorporates knowledge from history, art history, literature, music, architecture, history of science, philosophy, classics, and medieval studies.

Renaissance studies programs exist at several universities, either as an independent field of study or as a subset of medieval studies, including the UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies at University of California, Los Angeles.

See also
Medieval studies

References

Fields of history

Renaissance studies


Martin Kähler (6 January 1835 – 7 September 1912) was a German theologian. He is best known for his short work, published in 1892, Der sogenannte historische Jesus und der geschichtliche, biblische Christus (The so-called historical Jesus and the historic, biblical Christ).

Kähler was born in Neuhausen (now Guryevsky District) near Königsberg and died in Freudenstadt. He had a profound impact upon the famous Protestant theologian, Paul Tillich.

According to Kähler, the quest for the historical Jesus ("The Life-of-Jesus research") is challenged by there existing no historical biographies of the life of Jesus. The gospels serve as our only sources, and they are limited in scope, leaving many unanswered questions. One must resist the urge to speculate too much about the life of Jesus, as some historical analogies and psychoanalyses do. He concludes that we do not need to know all the details about Jesus' life. All we really need to know is that Jesus died for the sins of the world. It is through him that we are redeemed. Preoccupation with tenuous details about Jesus' life distracts from that which really matters about Jesus - his redeeming death and his subsequent resurrection.

Kähler's works were partly edited by his grandson, Ernst Kähler (1914–1991).

References

External links

1835 births
1912 deaths
People from Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast
People from the Province of Prussia
German Lutheran theologians
19th-century German writers
20th-century German writers
19th-century German Protestant theologians
19th-century German male writers
20th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers
19th-century Lutherans

Martin Kähler


Seminole Government Television, or SGTV, is the Government-access television (GATV) and Educational-access television cable television channel in Seminole County, Florida.

SGTV can be viewed on Bright House Networks, cable Channel 498 in Seminole County, and on AT&T U-Verse 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. SGTV is available streaming on the Seminole County web site and the County's Mobile Web site for tablets and smart phones. In addition, select SGTV original programs can be viewed ON DEMAND from your home computer. (In the City of Oviedo, the channel is pre-empted on Monday from 5:30 PM through 7:55 AM the following morning and Tuesday though Sunday from 4:30 to 6:30 PM and 1:00 through 7:55 AM for OVTV, Oviedo's government access service).

SGTV offers coverage of local government meetings, and other educational, historical, cultural, and community programming of local and regional interest.

SGTV was previously on analog cable channel 9 until January 19, 2007, as part of Bright House's plan to move Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV channels from analog to digital.

Footnotes

External links
 SGTV official site

American public access television
Seminole County, Florida
Companies based in Seminole County, Florida
Television channels and stations established in 2007

Seminole Government Television


Eileen Dennes (1 February 1898 – 22 January 1991) was an Irish-born actress of the silent era.

Early life
Eileen Dennes, born Eileen Amhurst Cowen was an Irish silent film actress who was born in 1898 in Dublin, Ireland. She began on the stage in the early 1910s. She travelled to America in 1917. She found work at the Empire Al Star Film Co. and was offered the role of Ethel Fielding in her first film 'The Unforeseen'. She made more than one film in Hollywood that year with Olive Tell. She then decided to find work in England, it was there that Cecile Hepworth offered her a contract and she made her first English film as Rhoda Meredith in 'Sheba' starring Alma Taylor in 1919. After this Dennes was given the chance at starring roles in films such as 'Once Abroad the Lugger' in 1920, 'Mr. Justice Raffles' in 1921 and 'The Pipes of Pan' in 1923 again with Alma Taylor. Dennes' last film appearance was as Lucy in 'The Squire of Long Hadley' with Brian Ahearn for the Stoll Film Co. in 1925.

Career
While Irish male actors made such a big impression on the silent-film industry in Hollywood, a couple of Irish women stand out. A Dublin actress, Dennes, born in 1898, had a much shorter career. Dennes arrived in Hollywood in 1917 and found work at the Empire All-Star Film Co and was offered the role as Ethel Fielding in her debut film 'The Unforeseen' with Olive Tell she made one more film in Hollywood that same year and decided to find film work in England, Cecil Hepworth offered her a contract and she made her first British film as Rhoda Meredith in 'Sheba' starring Alma Taylor and Gerald Ames in 1919 afterwards Hepworth gave her the chance in starring roles, such as in 'Once Aboard the Lugger' in 1920, 'Mr. Justice Raffles' in 1921 and 'The Pipes of Pan' again with Alma Taylor in 1923. The final film that she worked on with Cecil Hepworth was "Comin Thro The Rye", in 1923. After this film she never worked with Hepworth again and the next director that she worked with was Fred LeRoy Granville on his film "The Sins Ye Do", in 1924. Dennes last film appearance was as Lucy in 'The Squire of Long Hadley' with Brian Aherne for the Stoll Film Co in 1925. Between 1919 and 1925, she appeared in a dozen silent films, then her movie career petered out. In retrospect, it's amazing how many Irish actors contributed to the silent-movie era in Hollywood, which flourished for a mere 15 years.

Selected filmography
 The Unforeseen (1917) - Ethel Fielding
 Her Sister (1917) - Jane Alderson
 Sheba (1917) -  Bessie Saxton
 The Forest on the Hill (1919) - Audrey Leaman
 Alf's Button (1919) - Lady Isobel Fitzpeter
 Once Aboard the Lugger (1920) - Mary Humfray
 John Forrest Finds Himself (1920) - The Pet
 Mrs. Erricker's Reputation (1920) - Lady Lettice Erricker
 Great Snakes (1920) - Bella Parkinson
 The Tinted Venus (1920) - Bella Parkinson
 Wild Heather (1921) - Dolly
 Tansy (1921) - Vicar's Daughter
 Mr. Justice Raffles (1921) - Camilla Belsize
 Tit for Tat (1921) - Clove
 The Pipes of Pan (1921) - Enid Markham
 Strangling Threads (1923) - Miss Debb
 Comin' Thro the Rye (1923)- Sylvia Fleming
 The Sins Ye Do (1923)- Lady Eslin
 Peeps Into Puzzleland (Short) - 1924 - Mother
 A Dear Liar (Short) - 1924
 The Squire of Long Hadley (1925) - Lucy

References

External links

1898 births
1991 deaths
Year of death unknown
Irish silent film actresses
20th-century Irish actresses
Actresses from Dublin (city)
Irish expatriates in the United States

Eileen Dennes


The Audience Council Wales  was created upon establishment of the BBC Trust in January 2007. It replaced the Broadcasting Council for Wales which had many responsibilities the present council now has, and was set up in 1953 as a result of a White Paper on broadcasting published by the Conservative government of the time. ACW was created in order to represent the interests of BBC audiences in Wales, and in helping the BBC Trust understand the needs, interests and concerns of audiences. There are other councils for the other three nations in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It has 11 members from across the principality.

Role and remit
The Audience Council Wales scrutinises the BBC's services on behalf of BBC audiences in Wales and on behalf of BBC audiences across the UK alongside the other Councils in Scotland, Northern Ireland and England. The role and responsibilities of the Audience Councils are set out in the BBC Charter.

Key areas of responsibility

The Audience Council Wales' responsibilities are defined as:

To scrutinise the BBC's performance on behalf of audiences living in Wales, and to advise the Trust on issues relating to BBC audiences and services at a Wales level.
To undertake a continuing assessment of BBC programmes and services in Wales and the extent to which the BBC's network output and other activities reflect the diversity of the UK and its nations, regions and communities. Such work will include the identification of audience priorities for BBC (based on feedback and research in Wales) and the assessment of the BBC's performance.

The Audience Council's programme of work will be aligned to the Trust's business cycle, but flexible enough to respond to the needs and concerns of audiences in Wales.

Membership of the Audience Council Wales

The Chair of the Audience Council is the BBC's National Trustee for Wales, Elan Closs Stephens, who also sits on the BBC Trust. As well as the chair there are twelve other members of Council, appointed on the recommendation of the Trust's Selection Panel for Wales. They will be appointed for initial terms of up to three years, with the option of an extension of tenure for up to a further 2 years. Employees of the BBC are not eligible for appointment.

Meetings of the Audience Council

The council holds at least eight meetings every year, usually in Cardiff, but also, on occasion, in other parts of Wales. Meetings discuss Council's input on behalf of audiences in Wales to the BBC Trust's accountability activities; and presentations on strategic plans for BBC services or genres by members of BBC Wales Board of Management and/or the BBC Management centrally are frequently given.

Current ACW members
Elan Closs Stephens Chair and National Trustee for Wales
Carol Adams
Joni Ayn Alexander
Rhian Connick
Ryan Davies
Pamela Hunt
Pamela Hunt
Aled Jones-Griffith
Ian Stevens
Ceri Stradling
Alun Williams
Marjorie Williams

References

Mass media in Wales
BBC
2007 establishments in Wales
Organizations established in 2007
Organisations based in Wales

Audience Council Wales


Battelle Riverfront Park is a  park in downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States, near Columbus City Hall. The park was established in 1983. It is named after Gordon Battelle and was funded by the Battelle Memorial Institute.

Features
The park features the James W. Barney Pickaweekee Story Grove (moved from a nearby children's park) amid several monuments and memorials, including the Columbus Firefighters Memorial (1958), Spanish–American War Memorial (1937), Their Spirits Circle the Earth (1987), and To Honor the Immigrants (1992). Alfred Tibor's sculpture Freedom (1985) is also installed in the park.

Several of the park's monuments and memorials were moved here from the Harry E. Richter Workers Memorial Park in 2016. That park, built in 2000, held a memorial originally placed in Franklin Park in 1992. The Richter Workers Memorial Park was replaced in 2016 with the Michael B. Coleman Government Center, which opened two years later.

The Santa Maria Ship & Museum, a replica of Christopher Columbus's Santa María, was docked on the Scioto River by the park beginning in 1991, as part of the city's 1992 Christopher Columbus Quincentennial Jubilee, celebrating the 500th anniversary of Columbus's voyage to the Americas. The ship's presence was aimed to draw people to the Columbus riverfront, though it had limited success, and attendance dropped over the years. The nonprofit tourist organization that operated it closed in 2011, and the Columbus Recreation and Parks Department inherited it. $5-6 million was estimated for its repairs, and with the extensive renovation of the Scioto's riverfront, the ship had to be relocated. It was removed in 2014, and remains in a city-owned lot in the South Side, in ten pieces. Environmental Protection Agency rules no longer permit it back on the Scioto River, and nobody has expressed interest in restoring the ship given the expense.

Gallery

See also

 List of parks in Columbus, Ohio

References

External links

 Scioto Mile page

1983 establishments in Ohio
Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio)
Downtown Columbus, Ohio
Buildings and structures completed in 1983
Parks established in the 1980s
Protected areas established in 1983
Parks in Columbus, Ohio

Battelle Riverfront Park


The Hamburger Segel-Club (Hamburg Sailing Club) (HSC), is one of the oldest and most active sailing clubs in Germany. The club is located by the shores of Lake Außenalster, in the heart of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

HSC is one of the organizers of the Kiel Week together with the Yacht Club of Kiel, the Verein Seglerhaus am Wannsee and the Norddeutscher Regattaverein. Taking place in the Bay of Kiel, this annual event is one of the largest and most prestigious sailing regattas in the world. The HSC also assists the Yacht Club of Lübeck and the Norddeutscher Regattaverein in the organization of the Travemünder Woche.

History
The predecessor of the present-day HSC was the Hamburger Yacht-Club, established in October 1892, out of which a group split in 1895. In 1926 this group merged with the Hamburger Segel-Verein. In 1927 it was registered as the Hamburger Segel-Club at the registry in Hamburg.

The founders of the original Hamburger Yacht-Club were yacht racing and cruising enthusiasts who joined the Deutscher Segler-Verband four weeks after establishing the club.

In 1925 the club organized the North Sea Week (Nordseewoche) sailing competition off Heligoland. In 1927 it helped to organize the Travemünder Woche for the first time and since 1928 the Kieler Woche (Kiel Week) as well.

Five years after having been established the club had 343 members and 87 boats; 46 competitions had been organized in which a total of 922 sailcraft took part.
The best yachts of the club at the time were the Freya, the Ingeborg VIII and Otto Schümann's Carla IV.

Between 1934 and 1935, during Nazi times, all sailing clubs in Germany lost their autonomy and were arbitrarily joined to departments of the Deutscher Reichsbund für Leibesübungen (DRL), later renamed Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen (NSRL), like the Wassersportverband (Watersports Association).

Since the NSRL, as a Nazi organization, was disbanded after Germany's defeat in World War II, the Hamburger Sailing Club had to be established anew, like other yacht clubs in West Germany at that time. Carl Georg Gewers led the club through the difficult postwar and rebuilding years. Among other achievements, he was able to convince the British occupation authorities to give back the seized sailing craft to the club.

In 1950 the Hamburger Sailing Club helped to organize the Kieler Woche (Kiel Week) again. After that the club was able to grow and expand until today.

See also
Norddeutscher Regattaverein

References

Norddeutscher Regatta Verein site
Akademischer Segler-Verein in Kiel - Transtlantic races
Akademischer Seglerverein zu Hannover

1927 establishments in Germany
Sport in Hamburg
Yacht clubs in Germany

Hamburger Segel-Club


Dulkaninna Station is a pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station but now operates as a cattle station in outback South Australia.

It is along the Birdsville Track approximately  north of Marree at the southern end of the Tirari Desert. The property is composed of a variety of land systems including gibber plains, black soil flood plains, sand-hill country, table land country and creek systems. Lake Gregory is in the north-east corner of the property. It shares a boundary with Clayton Station to the south-west, Murnpeowie to the south-east and Etadunna Station to the north.

The property occupies an area of  and runs beef cattle; it is a certified organic producer. The Bell family own the property and have down so for over 110 years. The property runs a herd of Poll Hereford crossed with Black Angus and also breeds stock and quarter horses.

Geological surveys were conducted in the area in 1885 with bores also being sunk in the area at the same time.

Once part of the Mundowdna run that was owned by Sidney Kidman, a  block called Dulkaninna North East, was resumed by the Department of Lands in 1896, and the lease was acquired by George William Barrett. In 1914 the property was owned by Messrs Sinclair, Scott and Company with both sheep and cattle being run at the station.

The property was abandoned in 1920. By 1923 the property was owned by the Avon Downs Pastoral Company. The Bell family acquired the property in 1933. In 1935 the property was suffering a dry spell with D. D. Bell, the owner, intending to start breeding horses at Dulkaninna again. Bell had a pedal wireless installed in the homestead at some time prior to 1929.

George Bell, who had arrived at the station at age 13, died after in 2007 at age 87 after working the  for all of his working life. His son Daryl took over the property.

The land occupying the extent of the Dulkaninna pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality in April 2013 under the name 'Dulkaninna'.

See also
List of ranches and stations

References

Stations in South Australia
Far North (South Australia)

Dulkaninna


CBS Innertube was a broadband video channel launched by CBS in May 2006. The channel offered original web-only shows, as well as rebroadcasts of CBS's regular shows. The service was only available in the United States. It was rebranded as CBS.com a year later. In 2008, under the CBS.com name, CBS began adding classic television series such as Hawaii Five-O, The Ed Sullivan Show and The Twilight Zone to its selection (also including shows such as Melrose Place, MacGyver and Star Trek: The Original Series, which never aired on CBS but are owned by CBS Television Distribution).

Advertising on Innertube was different and independent from CBS. Sponsors who had network coverage had to purchase Innertube advertising separately. These spots were sold in 15 and 30 second increment, similar to the network version. Although the goal of Innertube was to attract newer, more technologically advanced viewers, CBS had also hoped to gain some overlap from network viewers wishing to watch rebroadcasts of network shows. Finally, CBS planned to include special one-on-one interviews with celebrities.

Nearly a year after its launch, Innertube was not attracting the numbers that had been hoped for. Network executives realized that not many viewers were going to the site and decided to rebrand "Innertube" as "CBS.com", a more recognizable site for its viewers. Much of Innertube's library content is now part of CBS's paid service Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access).

References

External links
 Index of CBS Innertube Clips and Episodes

CBS Television Network
Internet television channels
Defunct CBS Interactive websites
Internet properties established in 2006
Internet properties disestablished in 2007

CBS Innertube


The Alpine Club Museum () in Innsbruck, Austria is a museum dedicated to the history of alpinism. Located in the Hofburg in the Altstadt section of the city, the museum is owned by the Austrian Alpine Club (ÖAV). In 2009, the museum was assessed as "excellent" for the Tyrolean and Austrian Museum Prizes, and was also nominated for the European Museum Prize in 2010.

History
The Alpine Club Museum was opened in 1911 in a former villa on the River Isar in Munich as the "Alpine Museum", following a key resolution by the German and Austrian Alpine Club in 1907. In 1944 it was destroyed by shelling, but fortunately the majority of the collection had already been moved to Tyrol in Austria. It was not until 1973, however, that the ÖAV had a part of the collection displayed in the Palace of Thurn and Taxis in Maria Theresia Straße. From 1977 the museum was located on the third floor of the newly built Alpine Club house in Wilhelm Greil Straße. In 1993 the exhibition floor was changed structurally and in 1996 they began to produce their own exhibitions. In 2002, the "Year of the Mountains", an exhibition was displayed for the first time in the public arena ("Vertical - The Innsbruck Northern Mountain Chain. An Exhibition in the City"). After the Alpine Club had moved to a new building in 2008 the old exhibition area was no longer available and a cooperative agreement was reached with the Hofburg whereby the permanent exhibition, "Mountains - an Incomprehensible Passion" ("Berge, eine unverständliche Leidenschaft"), would be displayed on an area of 700 m² on the first floor until 2012.

See also
 Messner Mountain Museum
 Swiss Alpine Museum

Sources and Literature
 AV-Jahrbuch Berg 2011
 Bergauf 01/2011; pages 3, 5–8, 14–17

External links
 OEAV: Ausstellung des Alpenverein-Museums in der Hofburg Innsbruck
 Kultur.tirol.at: Alpenverein-Museum Innsbruck
 Historisches Alpenarchiv
 Ausstellungsfolder

References

Alpine clubs
Natural history museums in Austria
Alps museums
Sports museums
Mountaineering in Austria
Museums in Innsbruck
History of mountaineering

Alpine Club Museum


The Battle of Ballon took place on 27 March 845 between the forces of Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, and Nominoë, Duke of Brittany. Nominoë was appropriating border territory and opposing Charles' attempt to impose Frankish authority. Nominoë defeated Charles, initiating a period of Breton expansion and consolidation of power.

Background
Following the death of Louis the Pious, Nominoë initially supported Charles the Bald in the dispute between him and his brothers over control of Frankish territory. However, when Count Ricuin of Nantes was killed at the Battle of Fontenoy, Charles refused to accept Lambert II as his successor, since Lambert's father, Lambert I, had fought against Charles. Charles replaced him with his supporter Renaud, Count of Herbauge. While Nominoë was ill, Renaud attacked Breton territory, but was killed in battle by the Bretons led by Erispoe, Nominoë's son, in alliance with Lambert. This allowed Lambert to occupy Nantes with the support of Nominoë. Recovered from his illness, Nominoë hoped to take advantage of the disorder to expand into Frankish territory.

On campaign in Aquitaine, Charles was initially unable to respond to the incursions. Learning of Charles's difficult military position in Toulouse, Nominoë continued his offensive, raiding Maine.

In 845, Charles concluded a peace with Pepin II of Aquitaine and was reconciled with Lambert II of Nantes, freeing him to deal with the threat from Nominoë. In November, he had intended to participate in a religious festival in Tours, but he decided to strike against Nominoë instead, having heard that a faction of discontented Bretons would defect to him if he hastened to their aid.

The battle
Charles quickly assembled an army of around 3,000 men. Nominoë's men were probably much fewer in number, comprising mostly a highly-mobile light cavalry.

Nominoë lured the king into marshland at the confluence of the Oust and the Aff between Redon and Bains-sur-Oust, near Ballon Abbey - hence the name of the battle. The Bretons were then able to exploit their knowledge of this treacherous wetland territory.

Details of the events of the actual battle are sketchy. Reports simply state that Charles was defeated. According to the Annals of Saint-Bertin:

"Charles had recklessly attacked Gallic Britain [Brittany] with limited forces, slipping up by a reversal of fortune..."

According to First Annales de Fontenelle:

"The Franks entered Brittany and engaged in battle with the Bretons, November 22. Helped by the difficulty of the wetland location, the Bretons proved the better."

Aftermath and significance
Following his defeat, rumors circulated that Charles had been killed, forcing him to make a quick public appearance in Maine. While there, he rebuilt his army and headed back towards Brittany late in 846. There he concluded a treaty with Nominoë, though the exact content of the agreement is unknown. Despite this a "cold war" persisted, and Breton raids continued into Frankish territory at Christmas of that year. Nevertheless, the agreement remained unbroken until 849.

This relatively minor battle is often confused with the much more decisive Battle of Jengland won by Nominoë's son Erispoe against Charles in 851. This confusion dates to Arthur de la Borderie's 1894 History of Brittany and has been repeated many times since. However, it is to the battle of Ballon that some date the birth of a unified and independent Brittany, behind a single sovereign: Nominoë. The expansionist policy of Nominoë, by the conquest of the former Marches of Brittany, a Frankish buffer zone, was continued by Erispoe, who consolidated the borders of medieval Brittany.

In the twentieth century the battle was given emblematic status by Breton nationalists. In 1952 the battle was commemorated by the nationalist group Koun Breizh, who funded the erection of a statue of Nominoë by the artist Raffig Tullou in Bains-sur-Oust, near the site of the victory. Another nationalist group, Bretagne 845, founded in 1982, was named from the date of the battle. It merged with Koun Breizh in 1994.

References

Battles involving the Carolingian Empire
Battles involving France
Military history of Brittany
9th century in West Francia
840s conflicts
845

Battle of Ballon


Painkiller or analgesic is a group of drugs.

Painkillers or pain killer may also refer to:

Games
 Painkiller (video game), a 2004 first-person shooter for the PC and Xbox
 Painkiller: Resurrection, an expansion pack for the 2004 game
 Painkiller: Hell & Damnation, a remake of the 2004 game

Music

Bands
 Painkiller (band), a band led by John Zorn and Bill Laswell

Albums
 Pain Killer (Energy Orchard album), 1995
 Pain Killer (Krokus album), 1978
 Pain Killer (Little Big Town album), 2014
 Pain Killer (Moumoon album), 2013
 Painkiller (Jim Bianco album), 2006
 Painkiller (Judas Priest album), 1990
 Painkiller, a 2012 re-release edition of the EP Russian Roulette, or the song

Songs
 "Pain Killer" (Iceage song), 2018
 "Painkillerr" a song by Polish band Mech
 "Pain Killer" (Little Big Town song), 2015
 "Pain Killer" (Turin Brakes song), 2003
 "Painkiller" (Freestylers song), 2006
 "Painkiller" (Jason Derulo song), 2015
 "Painkiller" (Judas Priest song), 1990
 "Painkiller" (Ruel song), 2019
 "Painkiller" (Three Days Grace song), 2014
 "Painkiller", a song by Depeche Mode, the B-side of "Barrel of a Gun"
 "Painkiller", a song by Dreamers from This Album Does Not Exist

Television
 Painkiller (TV series), a 2023 American drama limited series
 "Painkiller" (Black Lightning episode)
 Painkiller (Arrowverse)

Other uses
 Painkiller (cocktail), a rum cocktail
 Painkiller (comics), a fictional DC Comics supervillain
 Painkiller (magazine), a Chinese heavy metal music magazine
 The Painkiller (play), by Sean Foley, adapted from Francis Veber's Le Contract
 Painkiller (film), a 2011 short film starring Benedict Wong
 Painkillers (film), a 2018 film directed by Roxy Shih

Painkiller (disambiguation)


Lingo is a Canadian game show that ran for 439 episodes on Télévision de Radio-Canada across Canada, from 1998 to 2001. It was hosted by longtime actor and radio/TV host Paul Houde. The show's format combined the structure of the game of chance known as bingo with a word guessing game; contestants took turns guessing five-letter words and tried to guess enough of them to fill in enough spaces on a five-by-five card to form a line.

Main game
The object of the game is to score points by taking five guesses at a mystery five-letter word puzzle. If at any time a team makes a mistake, such as taking too long at a guess, misspelling a word, spelling a word that doesn't exist, spelling a word that is not five letters in length, repeats a word already guessed, or the word does not start with the established first letter, control passes over to the other team, who are given a free letter unless only one is missing. The team that guesses the correct word received $50.

Lingo board
At the start of the match, both teams receive a Lingo board, with the red team playing with odd numbers and the green team playing with even numbers. 8 numbers are marked off each of their boards. Once a team successfully completes a word puzzle, they get the chance to pull two numbered balls (one per player) out of a hopper. Once they complete their Lingo board, by getting 5 in a row across, up or down, or diagonally, they get $100. If however they pull a black ball from the hopper, they lose their turn and control passes over to the other side. (The black ball is called in French "L'infâme boule noire!", which translates to "infamous black ball".)

End of match
At some point during the match, a bell rang, signifying the match will end after the current puzzle in play. After the puzzle is solved and two balls pulled out, the team with the most money became the day's champions and goes on to the "No Lingo" bonus game. (The match will also end when either: (A) a team solves the puzzle but cannot make a Lingo as a new board requires Lingo to be made in as few as 3 pulls, or (B) when nobody solves the puzzle.) The runners-up receive a consolation prize.

Tiebreaker
If the match ends in a tie, another five-letter puzzle will be played with the teams alternating lines until one of them correctly guesses the word and wins the match.

No Lingo
The winners play the "No Lingo" bonus game in which they are presented with a new Lingo board with 12 numbers marked off. Before the first puzzle, they are guaranteed $50 regardless of what happens afterward. That $50 is doubled to $100 for the first puzzle. Puzzles in this part of the game are again 5-letter words with 2 letters given, the first letter of the word and a second letter somewhere else in the word. Each line used adds a Lingo ball to be drawn. If they fail to guess the word after the fifth line, they have to draw 6 balls (1 per each line plus an additional penalty ball because they completely missed the word). Once they make the required number of draws without getting Lingo, or getting a gold ball (known in French as "boule d'or") at any time (which ends that round of draws, but the ball goes back in the hopper for a future draw), they are given the option to take the $100 and quit, or continue on and play for double, going through the same procedure as before, right on up to the $1600 level. Should they avoid getting a Lingo at this point, they will return the next day to defend their championship. If there is any time left in the show, a "sprint" game for $100 a word will be played with only the first letter of each puzzle showing. However, if they do get a Lingo, they lose all the money they accumulated and go all the way back to $50, and then play the "sprint" game to build up as much money as possible until show's end. Also, by virtue of getting a Lingo here, they are retired as champions and two new teams compete the next day.

See also
 Lingo (U.S. game show)

Notes
 Champions can stay on the show until they get a Lingo in the end game, they bail out in the end game, or are defeated by their opponents in the main game.
 This particular version of Lingo ended at around the time when Game Show Network commissioned a new version in English with Chuck Woolery as host, with this Québécois version's main game rules (points) as the basis of its rules.
 The most any one team managed to win was $8900.
 A few changes in the main game later in the run saw the addition of wild card balls that corresponded to the team's colors (green ball for the green team, red ball for the red team). When drawn, they can take any number off the Lingo board, giving them a better shot at completing their card.  (The current GSN version has a similar rule with question-mark balls.)
 Black balls in this version were red on the current GSN edition (which were called "stoppers", perhaps owing to a previous Woolery-hosted series, Scrabble).
 At one time, the completely gold ball used in the end game became a regular blue ball with a gold star.
 The dictionary used most often in the entire run was Le Petit Robert, which is a French-language dictionary.
 The judge's first name, seen on occasion for much of the run, was Roger (pronounced similar to that of "Roget's Thesaurus").
 The sprint record is 13; this occurred as the team "lingoed" during the first level of the bonus round, giving them ample time to play sprints.
 On at least one occasion time ran out for the day, before the team even had a chance to play the 5 levels of the bonus round. When this happens the team is given an exception and gets to return as champions despite not winning the $1,600 prize.

1990s Canadian game shows
2000s Canadian game shows
1998 Canadian television series debuts
2001 Canadian television series endings
Bingo
Ici Radio-Canada Télé original programming
Television shows filmed in Montreal

Lingo (Canadian game show)


Ivan "Ivica" Šerfezi (1 December 1935 – 29 May 2004) was a Croatian pop singer hailing from Zagreb.

Ivan "Ivica" Šerfezi started singing in dance halls, and his first real success was a duet with Domenico Modugno at the Maksimir Stadium, Zagreb (Modugno had a worldwide hit song, "Volare"). In the 1960s and the 1970s Šerfezi made many tours throughout Yugoslavia, East Germany, as well as the Soviet Union, and his concerts filled up 150 venues.

His songs were often influenced by Mexican and Greek folk music. The primary composers of his songs were Ivica Krajač and Nikica Kalogjera. Some of his hit songs included "Suze liju plave oči" (Croatian version of the Willie Nelson classic, "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain"), "Ruže su crvene" (Croatian version of the Bobby Vinton classic, "Roses are Red"), "Ksimeroni", "Elada", etc.

His career lasted for 46 years and he had 15 gold records. He also sang many duets with the very popular female Macedonian singer, Ljupka Dimitrovska.

Šerfezi was nicknamed Šerfa, and called "the golden boy of home show business". He was an avid tennis and golf player, and in later years also a politician. In 2001, as a longtime supporter of the Croatian Peasant Party, he ran as that party's candidate on the elections for Zagreb City Assembly, but his list failed to enter the Assembly.

Šerfezi died in May 2004, just months after he had been diagnosed with stomach cancer.

Lyrics

References

External links
Suze liju plave oči
Ivica Šerfezi
Ivica Šerfezi
Ivica Šerfezi  (Discogs catalogue)

1935 births
2004 deaths
Croatian pop singers
20th-century Croatian male singers
Yugoslav male singers
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Deaths from stomach cancer
Musicians from Zagreb
Deaths from cancer in Croatia

Ivica Šerfezi


Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (12 August 1831 – 8 May 1891) was a Russian born occultist. At the age of 17 she married a Russian nobleman, Nikifvor Blavatsky, but soon divorced.

In 1875, Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott established a research and publishing institute called the Theosophical Society. Blavatsky defined Theosophy as "the archaic Wisdom-Religion, the esoteric doctrine once known in every ancient country having claims to civilization". One of the main purposes of the Theosophical Society was "to form a nucleus of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color". Madame Blavatsky saw herself as a missionary of this ancient knowledge. She travelled the world and wrote books about the occult including Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine.

The Theosophical Society had an influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements, and the spread of those modernised versions in the west.  Blavatsky was important in the Western transmission and revival of Theravada Buddhism.

References

1831 births
1891 deaths
Russian writers
Occultists

Helena Blavatsky


Peter Richard Legh, 4th Baron Newton (6 April 1915 – 16 June 1992), was a British Conservative politician who held junior ministerial positions during the 1950s and 1960s.

Newton was born in Chelsea, London, in 1915, the son of Richard Legh, 3rd Baron Newton and Helen Winifred Meysey-Thompson, daughter of Henry Meysey-Thompson, 1st Baron Knaresborough. His grandfather Thomas Wodehouse Legh, 2nd Baron Newton was also a Conservative politician and served as Paymaster General during the First World War

Newton was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and served in the Second World War as a Major in the Grenadier Guards. After the war Newton was a member of the Hampshire County Council from 1949 to 1952 and from 1954 to 1955. In 1951 he was elected Member of Parliament for Petersfield, and served in the Conservative administrations of Churchill, Eden and Macmillan as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Financial Secretary to the Treasury John Boyd-Carpenter from 1952 to 1953, as an Assistant Government Whip from 1953 to 1955, as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from 1955 to 1957, as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1957 to 1959 and as Treasurer of the Household from 1959 to 1960. In 1960 Newton succeeded his father as 4th Baron Newton and took his seat in the House of Lords, causing a by-election in Petersfield which was won by the Conservative candidate, Joan Quennell.

He continued to serve under Macmillan and later Home as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard and Assistant Chief Whip in the House of Lords from 1960 to 1962, as Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health from 1962 to 1964 and as Minister of State for Education and Science in 1964.

In 1948 Newton married Priscilla Warburton, daughter of Captain John Egerton Warburton and widow of Major William Matthew Palmer, Viscount Wolmer, son and heir of Roundell Palmer, 3rd Earl of Selborne. They had two sons. Lord Newton died in Droxford on 16 June 1992, aged 77. He was succeeded in the Barony by his elder son Richard Thomas Legh.

Arms

References

External links

1915 births
1992 deaths
Legh, Peter
Grenadier Guards officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Legh, Peter
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Treasurers of the Household
Legh, Peter
Legh, Peter
Legh, Peter
Newton, B4
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
People from Petersfield
Ministers in the Eden government, 1955–1957
Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964

Peter Legh, 4th Baron Newton


The Egerton family (pronunciation: "edge-er-ton") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence. The Egerton family motto is Virtuti non armis fido ("I put my faith in valour not arms").

History

The Egertons are an ancient Cheshire family, seated at Oulton Park near Tarporley since the Middle Ages. An ancestor of the 1st Baronet, William le Belward, took the surname of Egerton from the lordship of Egerton, which he inherited. In 1617, Roland Egerton was created a baronet (see Grey Egerton baronets). He later represented Wootton Bassett in Parliament and married Bridget, sister and co-heir of Thomas Grey, 15th Baron Grey de Wilton. In 1784, the 7th Baronet was created Baron Grey de Wilton and in 1801 he was further created Viscount Grey de Wilton and Earl of Wilton. These titles were created with special remainder to the second and the younger sons successively of his daughter Lady Eleanor Egerton, who married Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster. On Lord Wilton's death in 1814 the barony became extinct, while he was succeeded in the viscountcy and earldom according to the special remainder by his grandson Thomas Grosvenor (1799–1882), who assumed the surname of Egerton. The Grey Egerton baronetcy passed to a distant relative, the 8th Baronet. The ninth Baronet was in 1825 granted by Royal Warrant the right to assume for themselves only the additional surname of Grey and the arms and supporters of Grey de Wilton. The viscountcy and earldom of Wilton continued to descend in this branch of the family until the death of the 7th Earl in 1999. When he died without children, his titles passed to  Francis Grosvenor, 6th Baron Ebury (b. 1934), a descendant of Robert Grosvenor (1801–1893), 1st Baron Ebury, the third son of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster and his wife Eleanora Egerton, daughter of the 1st Earl of Wilton.

From another branch of the family, Thomas Egerton (1540–1617) held the office of Lord Chancellor from 1603 to 1617; he was created  Baron Ellesmere in 1603 and Viscount Brackley in 1616. The 2nd Viscount (1579–1649) was created Earl of Bridgewater in 1617 and the 4th Earl (1681–1745) was made Duke of Bridgewater in 1720. On the death of the 3rd Duke (1736–1803), the dukedom became extinct. The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater was buried in the Egerton family vault in Little Gaddesden Church, close to Ashridge. The earldom of Bridgewater passed on to the late Duke's cousin John Egerton (1753–1823), who became the 7th Earl. The earldom of Bridgewater eventually became extinct on the death of his younger brother, the 8th Earl, in 1829. On the death of the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater in 1803, his  substantial estates were inherited by Lord Francis Leveson-Gower, second son of 1st Duke of Sutherland. He was the grandson of Lady Louisa Egerton, daughter of the 1st Duke of Bridgewater. Lord Francis Leveson-Gower assumed by Royal licence the surname of Egerton in lieu of his patronymic and was created Viscount Brackley and Earl of Ellesmere in 1846. The 5th Earl of Ellesmere(1915–2000) succeeded as 6th Duke of Sutherland in 1963.

After a lengthy lawsuit, the  8th Earl of Bridgewater's estates were inherited by John Egerton-Cust, 2nd Earl Brownlow, great-great-grandson of Lady Amelia Egerton, sister of the seventh and eighth Earls of Bridgewater. However, he died childless at an early age and was succeeded by his younger brother, the 3rd Earl Brownlow, who retained his original family surname of Brownlow-Cust.

The Barons and Earls Egerton were members of another branch of the family, descended from William Tatton (who assumed the surname of Egerton in lieu of his patronymic), husband of Hester, granddaughter of the Hon. Thomas Egerton, youngest son of the 2nd Earl of Bridgewater.

Members of the family

Grey Egerton branch

Egerton baronets (1617)

Sir Roland Egerton, 1st Baronet (died 1646)
Sir John Egerton, 2nd Baronet (died 1674)
Sir John Egerton, 3rd Baronet (–1729)
Sir Holland Egerton, 4th Baronet (c. 1689–1730)
Sir Edward Egerton, 5th Baronet (c. 1719–1744)
Sir Thomas Grey Egerton, 6th Baronet (c. 1721–1756)
Sir Thomas Grey Egerton, 7th Baronet (1749–1814) (created Baron Grey de Wilton in 1784 and Earl of Wilton in 1801)
Sir John Grey Egerton, 8th Baronet (1766–1825)
Sir Philip Grey Egerton, 9th Baronet (1767–1829)
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, 10th Baronet (1806–1881)
Sir Philip le Belward Grey Egerton, 11th Baronet (1833–1891)
Sir Philip Henry Brian Grey-Egerton, 12th Baronet (1864–1937)
Sir Brooke de Malpas Grey Egerton, 13th Baronet (1845–1945)
Sir Philip Reginald le Belward Grey Egerton, 14th Baronet (1885–1962)
Sir (Philip) John Caledon Grey Egerton, 15th Baronet (1920–2008)
General Sir David Boswell Egerton, 16th Baronet (1914–2010)
Sir William de Malpas Egerton, 17th Baronet (born 1949)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Matthew Robert Egerton (born 1977).

Barons Grey de Wilton (1784)
Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton (1749–1814) (created Earl of Wilton in 1801)
 succeeded as Earl of Wilton according to the special remainder by his grandson Thomas (1799–1882)

Earls of Wilton (1801)

Other titles: Viscount Grey de Wilton (1801)

Thomas Egerton, 1st Earl of Wilton (1749–1814)
Thomas Egerton, 2nd Earl of Wilton (1799–1882)
Arthur Grey Egerton, 3rd Earl of Wilton (1833–1885)
Seymour John Grey Egerton, 4th Earl of Wilton (1839–1898)
Arthur George Egerton, 5th Earl of Wilton (1863–1915)
Seymour Edward Egerton, 6th Earl of Wilton (1896–1927)
Seymour William Egerton, 7th Earl of Wilton (1921–1999) who died without children after which the earldom passed to Francis Grosvenor, 6th Baron Ebury.
 Francis Egerton Grosvenor, 8th Earl of Wilton, 6th Baron Ebury (b. 1934)
The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Julian Francis Martin Grosvenor, Viscount Grey de Wilton (b. 1959)

Bridgewater branch

Barons Ellesmere (1603)

Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere (1540–1617) (created Viscount Brackley in 1616)

Merged with title of Earl of Bridgewater in 1617

Viscounts Brackley (1616)

Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley (1540–1617)
John Egerton, 2nd Viscount Brackley (1579–1649) (created Earl of Bridgewater in 1617)

Merged with title of Earl of Bridgewater in 1617

Earls of Bridgewater (1617)
Other titles: Baron Ellesmere (1603), Viscount Brackley (1616)

John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater (1579–1649)
John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater (1623–1686)
John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater (1646–1701)
Scroop Egerton, 4th Earl of Bridgewater (1681–1745) (created Duke of Bridgewater in 1720)
John Egerton, 2nd Duke, 5th Earl of Bridgewater (1727–1748)
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke, 6th Earl of Bridgewater (1736–1803)
John William Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater (1753–1823)
Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater (1756–1829)

Dukes of Bridgewater (1720)
Other titles: Marquess of Brackley (1720)

Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgewater (1681–1745)
John Egerton, 2nd Duke of Bridgewater (1727–1748)
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (1736–1803)

Earl of Ellesmere (1846)
Other titles: Viscount Brackley (1846)

Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (1800–1857)
George Granville Francis Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere (1823–1862)
Francis Charles Granville Egerton, 3rd Earl of Ellesmere (1847–1914)
John Francis Granville Scrope Egerton, 4th Earl of Ellesmere (1872–1944)
John Sutherland Egerton, 5th Earl of Ellesmere (1915–2000) (succeeded as Duke of Sutherland in 1963)

Duke of Sutherland (1833)

John Sutherland Egerton, 5th Earl of Ellesmere (1915–2000), succeeded as 6th Duke of Sutherland in 1963, died without issue
Francis Ronald Egerton, 7th Duke of Sutherland (b. 1940), first cousin once removed of the 6th Duke
The heir apparent is the present holder's eldest son, James Granville Egerton, Marquess of Stafford (b. 1975). He has four daughters. The second in line is Lord Henry Alexander Egerton (b. 1977), younger son of the 7th Duke, who has three daughters.( Reference ;- Debretts Peerage 2019 Edition)

Succession to the dukedom

Order of succession
James Granville Egerton, Marquess of Stafford (b. 1975). Elder son of the 7th Duke
Lord Henry Alexander Egerton (b. 1977). Younger son of the 7th Duke
Simon Francis Cavendish Egerton (b. 1949, see below). Great-great-great-grandson of the 1st Earl of Ellesmere through his second son Francis (1824-1895).
Nicholas Egerton (b. 1967, see below). Son of Michael Egerton (1924-1979), the younger brother of Anthony Egerton (1921-1985).
Frank Egerton (b. 1959, see below). Son of David Egerton (1930-2012)

Genealogy of succession
Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (1800–1857), had issue, including:
George Granville Francis Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere (1823–1862), from whom the present Duke descends.
Admiral Francis Egerton (1824–1895), who had issue, including:
William Francis Egerton (1868–1949), who had a son:
Captain Francis Egerton (1896–1935). He had issue, including three sons:
Anthony Francis Egerton (1921–1985). He had two sons:
Simon Francis Cavendish Egerton (b. 1949, currently 3rd in line of succession)
Fulke Charles Granville Egerton (1952–2017), Debretts Peerage (2019 Edition)
Michael Godolphin Egerton (1924–1979), who had three sons:
Mark William Godolphin Egerton (1958–2005)
Robin Michael Bowring Egerton (1962–1988)
Nicholas Egerton (b. 1967, currently 4th in line of succession)
David William Egerton (1930–2012), who had a son:
Francis David Egerton (b. 1959, currently 5th in line of succession)

Tatton branch

This branch of the Egerton family descended in the female line from the Hon. Thomas Egerton, of Tatton Park in Cheshire, the youngest son of John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater. His granddaughter Hester (died  1780) married William Tatton, and in 1780 they assumed by Royal licence the surname of Egerton in lieu of Tatton. In 1859 William Egerton (1806–1883), a major landowner in the Manchester area, was created Baron Egerton. He was succeeded by his eldest son Wilbraham (1832–1909), who was created Viscount Salford and Earl Egerton in 1897. On his death in 1909 the viscountcy and earldom became extinct. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, the 3rd Baron Egerton (1845–1920). When he died the titles passed to his son, Maurice Egerton, the fourth Baron. Maurice did not marry and on his death in 1958 the barony became extinct, and Tatton Park was given to the National Trust.

Barons Egerton (1859)

William Tatton Egerton, 1st Baron Egerton (1806–1883)
Wilbraham Egerton, 2nd Baron Egerton (1832–1909) (created Earl Egerton in 1897)
Alan de Tatton Egerton, 3rd Baron Egerton (1845–1920)
Maurice Egerton, 4th Baron Egerton (1874–1958)

Earl Egerton (1897)
Wilbraham Egerton, 1st Earl Egerton (1832–1909)

Other notable members

Several other members of the Egerton family have also gained distinction:

Sir Ralph Egerton (died 1528), was the standard bearer for King Henry VIII

Caledon Richard Egerton, fifth son of the ninth Baronet, was a Major-General in the British Army. His third son, Sir Charles Comyn Egerton, was a Field Marshal in the British Army. His son Wion de Malpas Egerton (1879–1943), a Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy, was killed in action in the Second World War. His son Sir David Egerton (1914–2010), a Major-General in the Royal Artillery, was awarded the Military Cross and later succeeded as sixteenth Baronet in 2008. Sir Reginald Arthur Egerton, another son of the aforementioned Major-General Caledon Egerton (died 1930), was Private Secretary to the Postmaster-General, Surveyor to the General Post Office, London and Secretary-General to the GPO, Dublin.

Admiral Sir George Egerton, KCB (1852 – 1940) was a senior Royal Navy officer who rose to become Second Sea Lord. He was a grandson of The Rev Sir Philip Grey-Egerton,  9th Baronet.

Henry Egerton (died 1746), a younger son of John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, was a clergyman. He was Bishop of Hereford between 1723 and his death in 1746. He married Lady Elizabeth Adriana, daughter of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland. Their son, John Egerton, became Bishop of Durham and was the father of the seventh and eighth Earls of Bridgewater.

Sir Stephen Loftus Egerton (1932–2006) (son of William le Belward Egerton, son of William Egerton, son of Philip Henry Egerton, son of William Egerton, third son of Philip Egerton, father of the eighth and ninth Baronets), was a prominent diplomat; he served as HM Ambassador to Iraq from 1980 to 1982 and Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1986 to 1989.

Sir Robert Eyles Egerton (1827–1912), youngest son of William Egerton, third son of Philip Egerton, father of the eighth and ninth Baronets, was Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab. His son Sir Raleigh Gilbert Egerton (1860–1931) was a Lieutenant-General in the British Army.

Rowland Egerton-Warburton (1804–1891) was a landowner from in Cheshire; he was the eldest son of Rev. Rowland Egerton BA and his wife, Emma. His father was the seventh son of Philip Egerton, the 9th baronet of Egerton and Oulton. Through his mother he inherited Arley and Warburton.  He rebuilt Arley Hall and its chapel, and helped to improve the village of Great Budworth. His younger brother, Colonel Peter Egerton-Warburton, CMG (1813–1889) settled in Australia; one of his descendants is Richard Egerton-Warburton, AO LVO, while another branch founded the Mount Barker winery in Western Australia.

References

External links
 Egerton Bridgewater Mausoleum
 Egerton family: Little Gaddesden
 Little Gaddesden and Egerton family
 The Gaddesden Society Parochial Parish Church
 St. Peter and St. Paul, Little Gaddesden
 Egerton of Tatton Muniments, John Rylands Library, University of Manchester.

English families
Noble families of the United Kingdom
People from Little Gaddesden

Egerton family