This is a list of religious organizations by faith.

As it can be a matter of rebuttal as to whether an organization is in fact religious, organizations only appear on this list where the organization itself claims or has claimed to be a religious organization.

Buddhist organizations

International
International Buddhist Confederation
International Network of Engaged Buddhists
Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women
World Buddhist Forum
World Buddhist Sangha Council
World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood
World Fellowship of Buddhists
General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist

Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bauddha Kristi Prachar Sangha

Europe
Buddhist Congregation Dharmaling (Slovenia)
Buddhist Federation of Norway
Buddhist Society (UK)
Deutsche Buddhistische Union
Diamond Way Buddhism
European Buddhist Union
Federación de Comunidades Budistas de España (Spain)
Finnish Buddhist Union
German Dharmaduta Society
Italian Buddhist Union
Network of Buddhist Organisations (UK)
Swedish Buddhist Community
Triratna Buddhist Community
Union Bouddhiste de France

Hong Kong
Hong Kong Buddhist Association

India
Bengal Buddhist Association
Buddhist Society of India

Japan
Reiyūkai
Risshō Kōsei Kai
Ryomo Kyokai
Soka Gakkai International

Ladakh
Ladakh Buddhist Association
Ladakh Nuns Association

Myanmar
Buddha Sāsana Nuggaha
International Meditation Centre
Pa-Auk Society
Young Men's Buddhist Association (Burma)

North Korea
Korea Buddhist Federation

People's Republic of China
Buddhist Association of China

Singapore
Buddhist Research Society
Singapore Buddhist Lodge
Ti-Sarana Buddhist Association
Vipassana Meditation Centre

South America
South America Hongwanji Mission

South Korea
Kwan Um School of Zen

Sri Lanka
Buddhist Publication Society
Maha Bodhi Society
Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery
Young Men's Buddhist Association

Taiwan
Buddha's Light International Association
Chung Tai Shan
Dharma Drum Mountain
Fo Guang Shan
Tzu Chi

Thailand
Dhamma Society Fund
Sangha Supreme Council

United States
American Zen Teachers Association
Buddhist Churches of America
Buddhist Global Relief
Buddhist Peace Fellowship
Buddhist Women's Association
Cambridge Buddhist Association
Dharma Realm Buddhist Association
Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition
Insight Meditation Society
Plum Village Community of Engaged Buddhism
Soto Zen Buddhist Association
Young Buddhist Association
Zen Peacemakers
Zen Studies Society

Vietnam
Vietnam Buddhist Sangha
Vietnamese Buddhist Youth Association

Christian organizations

Christian organizations by denominational family affiliation

Adventist
Advent Christian Church
Adventist Church of Promise
Church of the Blessed Hope
Church of God General Conference
Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church
General Association of Davidian Seventh-day Adventists
General Conference Corporation of Seventh-day Adventists (Seventh-day Adventist Church)
List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities
List of Seventh-day Adventist secondary schools
List of Seventh-day Adventist periodicals
Media ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
General Conference of the Church of God (Seventh-Day)
International Missionary Society of Seventh-Day Adventist Church Reform Movement
Sabbath Rest Advent Church
SDARM General Conference (Adventist Reform Movement)
United Sabbath-Day Adventist Church
United Seventh-Day Brethren

Anabaptist

Anglican

List of Anglican dioceses
List of dioceses of the Anglican Church of Canada
List of dioceses of the Episcopal Church, United States
List of Anglo-Catholic churches
List of colleges and seminaries affiliated with the Episcopal Church
List of Anglican devotional societies

Baptist

List of Baptist schools in the United States
List of Baptist colleges and universities in the United Kingdom
List of Baptist colleges and universities in the United States

Catholic

List of Carthusian monasteries
List of Roman Catholic missions in Africa
Dioceses
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view)
List of Roman Catholic archdioceses
List of French dioceses in the 19th and 20th century
Congregations
List of Roman Catholic churches in the Diocese of Charleston
List of parishes in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno
List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu
Parishes of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain
Parishes of the Apostolic Exarchate in Germany and Scandinavia for the Ukrainians
Orders and societies
List of Ecclesial movements
Knights of Columbus
Knights of St. George
Schools
List of Roman Catholic seminaries
List of Eastern Catholic seminaries
List of Catholic schools in the Philippines
Roman Catholic universities and colleges in the United States
List of independent Catholic schools in the United States
Other
American Catholic Philosophical Association
Catholic Biblical Federation

Christian Scientists

Church of Christ, Scientist
First Church of Christ, Scientist

Church of the East

Dioceses of the Church of the East
Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552
Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552
Ecclesiastical Provinces
Adiabene (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Beth Garmaï (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Beth Huzaye (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Maishan (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Nisibis (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Province of the Patriarch (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Fars (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Hulwan (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Merv (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Rai (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
Salmas (Chaldean Archdiocese)
Shemsdin (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)

Eastern Orthodox

List of Eastern Orthodox dioceses and archdioceses
List of the dioceses of the Orthodox Church in America
Congregations
Orthodox parishes in the United States
List of Eastern Orthodox parishes in Alaska
Eastern Orthodoxy in Hawaii

Evangelical

List of evangelical seminaries and theological colleges

Lutheran

List of Lutheran denominations
List of Lutheran dioceses and archdioceses
Nordic churches in London
List of ELCA seminaries
Seminaries of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod

Methodist

List of African Methodist Episcopal Churches

Oriental Orthodox

List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in the United States
List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in Canada
List of Eritrean Orthodox monasteries

Oriental Orthodox dioceses
Seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria
Coptic Diocese of Faras

Syriac Orthodox Church
Malabar Diocese (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church)
Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople
Catholicos of Armenia
Holy See of Cilicia
Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople
Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem

Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan
Angamali West Orthodox Diocese
Angamaly Orthodox Diocese
Kolkata Orthodox Diocese
Syriac Orthodox Church
Dioceses of the Syriac Orthodox Church
Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church

Pentecostal

Presbyterian

List of Church of Scotland parishes

Protestant
List of the largest Protestant churches of the world
List of Protestant mission societies in Africa

Quaker

List of Friends schools

Reformed (Calvinist)

List of Calvinist educational institutions

Stone-Campbell movement
List of universities and colleges affiliated with the Churches of Christ
List of universities and colleges affiliated with the Christian churches and churches of Christ

Organizations of miscellaneous denominational families
List of Messianic Jewish organizations

Christian organizations by purpose

Bible societies

American Bible Society
Association of Theologically Trained Women of India
Bible Society In Australia
Bible Society in New Zealand
Bible Society NSW
Bible Society of India
British and Foreign Bible Society
Catholic Biblical Federation
Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
Gideons International
Holman Bible Outreach International
International Bible Society

Jesus' Disciples
Japan Bible Society
Norwegian Bible Society
Pioneer Bible Translators
Pakistan Bible Society
Russian Bible Society
Scottish Bible Society
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
Society of Biblical Literature
Thailand Bible Society
Ukrainian Bible Society
United Bible Societies
Wycliffe Bible Translators

Humanitarian aid
World Vision International
Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Europa
Caritas Oceania

Congregations by country

List of churches in Taungoo, Burma
Congregations in Canada
List of cathedrals in Canada
List of Ottawa churches
List of cathedrals in India
Congregations in France
List of basilicas in France
List of cathedrals in France
List of cathedrals in Ireland
Congregations in Italy
List of cathedrals in Italy
List of basilicas in Italy
List of churches in Florence
List of churches in Venice
List of churches in Malta
List of cathedrals in New Zealand
List of churches in Pakistan
List of churches in Moscow, Russia
List of churches in Sweden
Congregations in the United Kingdom
List of collegiate churches in England
List of collegiate churches in Scotland
List of cathedrals in the United Kingdom
List of churches in Bristol
List of churches in Cheshire
List of churches in Gloucestershire
List of churches in Greater Manchester
List of churches in Hampshire
List of churches in Harrogate
List of churches in Kent
List of churches in Lincolnshire
List of churches in London
List of churches in Oxford
List of churches in Salford
Congregations in the United States
List of churches that are National Historic Landmarks in the United States
List of churches in Philadelphia
List of cathedrals in the United States

Dioceses
List of Anglican dioceses
See List of religious organizations#Catholic
See List of religious organizations#Church of the East
List of Eastern Orthodox dioceses and archdioceses
List of Lutheran dioceses and archdioceses
See List of religious organizations#Oriental Orthodox

Christian media organizations

Mission organizations

 List of Christian mission hospitals
 List of Spanish missions
 Billy Graham Evangelistic Association
 Samaritan's Purse
 Team Expansion
 WEC International
 World Vision United States
 Youth With A Mission

Monasteries, abbeys, priories, and friaries

List of monasteries, abbeys, and priories

List of Christian religious houses in Austria
List of Christian religious houses in Belgium
List of Christian monasteries in Denmark
List of Christian religious houses in France
List of Benedictine monasteries in France
List of Cistercian monasteries in France
List of Premonstratensian monasteries in France
List of Christian religious houses in Germany
List of Christian religious houses in Brandenburg
List of Christian religious houses in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
List of Christian religious houses in North Rhine-Westphalia
List of Christian religious houses in Saxony
List of Christian religious houses in Saxony-Anhalt
List of Christian religious houses in Schleswig-Holstein
List of Imperial abbeys
List of Christian religious houses in the Republic of Ireland
List of Christian monasteries in Norway
List of Christian monasteries in Sweden
List of Christian religious houses in Switzerland
List of Christian religious houses in Syria
Lists of Christian monasteries in the United Kingdom
List of abbeys and priories in England, (see also map link by county)
List of abbeys and priories in Scotland
List of abbeys and priories in Wales
List of abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland
List of abbeys and priories on the Isle of Man
List of monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII of England

Christian orders and societies

Christian political organizations

Christian relief organizations

International
Association of Gospel Rescue Missions
Samaritan's Purse
World Relief
World Vision
The Salvation Army
Cross International
Caritas Internationalis
Hospitals
List of Christian mission hospitals
List of Christian hospitals in China

Christian schools and colleges

Association of Christian Universities and Colleges in Asia
List of schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
List of SVD schools

Christian sports organizations

Christian trade unions and labor organizations
Christian Trade Union Federation of Germany
Christian Workers' Union
French Confederation of Christian Workers
Solidarity (South African trade union)
World Confederation of Labour
World Movement of Christian Workers
Young Christian Workers

Christian youth organizations

Miscellaneous Christian organizations

List of parachurch organizations
 Christian Vegetarian Association
 Society of Christian Philosophers
 Promise Keepers

Confucian organizations
Holy Confucian Church
Phoenix churches
Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia
Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue

Dharmic organizations

Kesari Seva
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Janani Bharat
Dharmic Society
Seva International

Hindu organizations

Adi Brahmo Samaj & Sadharan Brahmo Samaj
Brahmo Conference Organisation
Rammohan College
World Brahmo Council
Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
Akonir Namghar
All World Gayatri Pariwar
American Meditation Institute
Ananda Ashrama
Ananda Marga Pracaraka Samgha
Ananda World Brotherhood Colonies
Antarashtriya Hindu Parishad
Arsha Vidya Gurukulam
Art of Living Foundation
Arya Samaj
Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Fiji
D.A.V. College Managing Committee
Gurukul Kangri University
Bharat Sevashram Sangha
Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal
 Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha
Brahma Kumaris
Adhyatmik Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya
Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University
Chinmaya Mission
Devaswom boards in Kerala
Divine Life Society
Divine Light Mission
Gaudiya Math
Gaudiya Mission
Gita Press
Hanuman Foundation
Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
Hindu Aikya Vedi
Hindu Army
Hindu American Foundation
Hindu Council of Russia
Hindu Dharmika Sena
Hindu Dharma Samudaya of Bhutan
Hindu Forum of Britain
Hindu Janajagruti Samiti
Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)
Hindu Munnani
Hindu Rights Action Force
Hindu Samhati
Hindu Sena
Hindu Students Council
Hindu Yuva Vahini
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
International Swaminarayan Satsang Mandal
International Swaminarayan Satsang Organisation
International Vedanta Society
Isha Foundation
Italian Hindu Union
Jagadguru Kripalu Parishat
Radha Madhav Dham
Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog
Kaginele Kanaka Guru Peetha
Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham
Malaysia Hindudharma Mamandram
Mata Amritanandamayi Math
Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal
National Council of Hindu Temples
National Hindu Students' Forum
Nikhil Manipuri Hindu Mahasabha
Pakistan Hindu Council
Pakistan Hindu Panchayat
Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia
Patanjali Yogpeeth
Radha Soami Satsang Beas
Radha Soami Satsang Sabha
Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod
Ramakrishna Math (a.k.a. Vedanta Society)
Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center
Vedanta Society of New York
Vedanta Society of Southern California
Ramakrishna Mission
Ramakrishna Mission Institute of culture
Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (a.k.a. Sangh Parivar)
Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
Bajrang Dal
Bharat Vikas Parishad
Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
Ekal Vidyalaya
Hindu Jagran Manch
Saiva Siddhanta Church
Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha
Sanatan Sanstha
Santhigiri Ashram
Sathya Sai Organization
Satsang (Deoghar)
Science of Identity Foundation
Science of Spirituality (a.k.a. Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission)
Self-Realization Fellowship
Yogoda Satsanga Society of India
Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha
Siddha Yoga Dham Associates Foundation
Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres
Society of Abidance in Truth
Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
Alwaye Advaita Ashram
Sree Narayana Trust
Sri Aurobindo Ashram
Auroville Foundation
Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Rewa
Sri Aurobindo International School, Hyderabad
Sri Chinmoy Centres
Sri Ramana Ashram
Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust
Sringeri Sharada Peetham
Swadhyay Parivar
Durga Vahini
Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha
Vishva Hindu Parishad
Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat
Vishwa Nirmala Dharma
World Vaisnava Association

Islamic organizations

International
 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

India
 Samastha
 Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK group)
 All India Sunni Jem-iyyathul Ulama
 All India Muslim Students Federation
 All-India Muslim League
 Sunni Students Federation
 Muslim Students Federation (Kerala unit)
 Muslim Students Federation (I. U. M. L.)
 Indian Union Muslim League
  Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
 Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
 Muslim Jamaat
 Dakshina Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama
 Samastha Kerala Sunni Students Federation

Bangladesh
 Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala
 Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
 Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
 Islami Oikya Jote
 Islamic Foundation Bangladesh

China
 Islamic Association of China
 Islamic Association of Macau

Egypt
 Muslim Brotherhood

Great Britain
 Mosques & Imams National Advisory Board
 Islamic Forum of Europe
 Young Muslim Organisation
 Muslim Council of Britain
 British Muslim Forum
 Islamic Society of Britain
 Minhaj-ul-Quran UK
 Muslim Association of Britain
 Muslim Educational Trust
 Muslim Parliament of Great Britain
 Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK
 Sufi Muslim Council
 UK Islamic Mission
 World Islamic Mission

Hong Kong
 Chinese Muslim Cultural and Fraternal Association
 Hong Kong Islamic Youth Association
 Incorporated Trustees of the Islamic Community Fund of Hong Kong
 Islamic Cultural Association (Hong Kong)
 United Muslims Association of Hong Kong

Macau
 Islamic Association of Macau

Nigeria
 Jama'atu Nasril Islam
 Muslim Students Society of Nigeria
 Izala Society

India West Bengal
 Haqqani Anjuman

India
 Jamaat-e-Islami Hind

Indonesia
Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
Al-Mukmin Islamic school
Alkhairaat
Hidayatullah (Islamic organization)
Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
Indonesian Ulema Council
International Center For Islam and Pluralism
Islamic Defenders Front
Jamiat Kheir
Jaringan Islam Liberal
Majelis Rasulullah
Muhammadiyah
Aisyiyah
Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)
Nahdlatul Ulama
Ansor Youth Movement
Banser
Nahdlatul Wathan
PERSIS (organization)
Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah
The Wahid Institute

Iran
 Islamic International Foundation of Cooperation

Pakistan
 Tableeghi Jamat
 Tanzeem-e-Islami
 Dawat-e-Islami
 Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
 Minhaj-ul-Quran
 Jamaat-ul-Muslimeen

Singapore
 Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura

Taiwan
 Chinese Islamic Cultural and Educational Foundation
 Chinese Muslim Association
 Chinese Muslim Youth League
 Taiwan Halal Integrity Development Association

Trinidad and Tobago
 Anjuman Sunnat-ul-Jamaat Association

Jewish organizations

Jewish organizations by movement affiliation

Orthodox

Haredi (ultra-Orthodox)
Edah HaChareidis
Union of Orthodox Rabbis
World Agudath Israel
Agudath Israel of America

Hasidic
Chabad
Agudas Chasidei Chabad
North Eastern US Aleph Institute
Chabad.org
Colel Chabad
Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS
Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia
Friendship Circle (organization)
Gan Israel
Rohr Jewish Learning Institute
Jewish Learning Network
Jewish Released Time
Jewish Relief Agency
Kehot Publication Society
Lubavitch Youth Organization
Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch
Machneh Israel (Chabad)
N'shei Chabad
National Committee for the Furtherance of Jewish Education
Ohr Avner Foundation
Tzivos Hashem
Vaad Talmidei Hatmimim Haolami
Satmar
Central Rabbinical Congress

Misnagdim
Congress of the Jewish Religious Organizations and Associations in Russia

Modern Orthodox
International Rabbinic Fellowship
Khal Adath Jeshurun
Orthodox Union
Rabbinical Council of America
Religious Zionist
Amana (organization)
Arutz Sheva
Bnei Akiva
Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
Gush Emunim
Makor Rishon
Midrasha Zionit
Mizrachi (religious Zionism)
Religious Zionists of America
Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avodah
The Temple Institute

Conservadox
Union for Traditional Judaism
Institute of Traditional Judaism

Conservative
Camp Ramah
Fuchsberg Jerusalem Center for Conservative Judaism
Jewish Theological Seminary of America
List College
Rabbinical Assembly
Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
United Synagogue Youth
Kadima (youth group)

Humanistic
Society for Humanistic Judaism

Reconstructionist
Jewish Reconstructionist Federation
Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association
Reconstructionist Rabbinical College

Reform
American Council for Judaism
World Union for Progressive Judaism
Communauté Juive Libérale
Israel Movement for Reform and Progressive Judaism
Liberal Jewish Movement of France
Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)
Movement for Reform Judaism
Nederlands Verbond voor Progressief Jodendom
Netzer Olami
South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ)
Union of Progressive Jews in Germany
Union for Progressive Judaism
Union for Reform Judaism
Society for Classical Reform Judaism

Messianic

 Chosen People Ministries
 Jews for Jesus
 Messianic Jewish Alliance of America
 Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations

Non-denominational
Academy for Jewish Religion (California)
Academy for Jewish Religion (New York)
Havurat Shalom
High Council of B'nei Noah
IKAR (Jewish congregation)
International Federation of Rabbis
Kabbalah Centre

Jewish organizations by purpose

Campus organizations
Chabad on Campus International Foundation
Hillel International

Educational institutions

Outreach
Aish HaTorah
Association for Jewish Outreach Programs
Chabad.org
Gateways (organization)
Kiruv Organization (Mizrachi)
Oorah (organization)
Project Genesis (organization)

Rabbinical organizations

Synagogues

Youth organizations

Bnei Akiva
Netzer Olami
Tzivos Hashem
United Synagogue Youth
Kadima (youth group)

Miscellaneous Jewish organizations
Chaverim (literally "Friends"), roadside assistance squads
Chesed Shel Emes (literally "Kindness of Truth"), body recovery and burial assistance
Misaskim (literally "People who Get Involved"), services for the care of the dead and the needs of mourners
Shomrim (literally "Watchers"), neighborhood patrol
ZAKA or "Zihuy Korbanot Ason" (literally, "Disaster Victim Identification") identification of victims of terrorist, accidents, or other disasters

Meitei organizations

Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board

Pagan organizations

Church of All Worlds
Circle Sanctuary
Covenant of the Goddess
Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans
European Congress of Ethnic Religions
Foundation for Traditional Religions
Pagan Federation
St. Priapus Church
Unitarian Earth Spirit Network
THE NEW PAGAN DAWN

Caucasian
Council of Priests of Abkhazia

Baltic
Romuva

Celtic
Ar nDraiocht Fein
Dun Ailline Druid Brotherhood
Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
Reformed Druids of North America

Chinese
Chinese Folk Temples' Management Association

Germanic
Armanen-Orden
Ásatrú Alliance
Asatru Folk Assembly
Ásatrúarfélagið
Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost
Eldaring
Forn Siðr — Ásatrú and Vanatrú Association in Denmark
Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft
Gylfilites' Guild
Heathen Front
National Socialist Kindred
Nordic Asa-Community
Odin Brotherhood
Odinic Rite
Odinist Community of Spain – Ásatrú
Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed
Swedish Forn Sed Assembly
The Troth
Verein für germanisches Heidentum
Vigrid (Norway)
The Odinic Rite Romania
Asatru Rite Romania

Italic
Nova Roma
Roman Traditional Movement

Slavic

Commonwealth of Pagan Communities of Siberia–Siberian Veche
Native Polish Church
Rodnover Confederation
Rodzima Wiara
Russian Public Movement "Course of Truth and Unity"
Russian Public Movement of Renaissance–Golden Age
Tezaurus Spiritual Union
Union of Slavic Native Belief Communities

Turkic

Aiyy Faith
Tengir Ordo

Wiccan
Aquarian Tabernacle Church
Church and School of Wicca
Church of Universal Eclectic Wicca
Circle Sanctuary
Covenant of the Goddess
Doreen Valiente Foundation
New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn
Panthean temple
The Rowan Tree Church
SpiralScouts International
Wiccan church
Witch School
Wiccan Society

Satanist organizations
The Satanic Temple
The Church of Satan
Joy of Satan Ministries
Disciples of Darkness (Ucenicii Întunericului)

Shinto organizations
Association of Shinto Shrines

Jain organizations

Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha
Vishwa Jain Sangathan
Digambar Jain Mahasabha
JAINA
Padampura Digamber Jain Atishay kshetral

Sikh organizations

British Sikh Report
Chief Khalsa Diwan
City Sikhs
Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
Gurudwara Khalsa Sabha, Matunga
Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha
Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
Kamber Darbar
Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver
Nishkam SWAT
Pakistan Sikh Council
Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee
President of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
Rashtriya Sikh Sangat
Sachkhoj Academy
Shiromani Akali Dal
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
Sikhs for Justice
Sri Guru Singh Sabha
Tat Khalsa
United Sikhs
World Sikh Organization
3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization)

Sikh sects
Radha Soami
Radha Soami Satsang Beas
Radha Soami Satsang Sabha
Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod
Science of Spirituality
Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission

Taoist organisations
 Chinese Taoist Association
 Fung Loy Kok Institute of Taoism
 Hong Kong Taoist Association
 Singapore Taoist Federation
 Singapore Taoist Mission
 Taoist Church of Italy

Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist
 International Council of Unitarians and Universalists
 Australia and New Zealand Unitarian Universalist Association
 Canadian Unitarian Council (Young Religious Unitarian Universalists)
 Deutsche Unitarier Religionsgemeinschaft
 European Unitarian Universalists
 General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (Unitarian Christian Association; Unitarian Earth Spirit Network)
 Unitarian Church of Transylvania
 Unitarian Universalist Association (Church of the Larger Fellowship; Church of the Younger Fellowship; Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans))
 Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans
 Meadville Lombard Theological School
 Starr King School for the Ministry
 Southeast Unitarian Universalist Summer Institute
 Unitarian Universalist Buddhist Fellowship
 Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship
 National Church of Iceland (In contact organization)
 Christian Universalist Association
 The Unitarian Christian Emerging Church

Organizations of new religious movements

Aetherius Society
African Theological Archministry
Ausar Auset Society
Church of the Creator
Church of Satan
Eckankar
Elan Vital, formerly Divine Light Mission
Messiah Foundation International
Kalki Avatar Foundation
Never Ending Gardens
John Templeton Foundation
Joy of Satan Ministries
Sri Viswa Viznana Vidya Adhyatmika Peetham
Temple of Set
The Satanic Temple
Universal Life Church

New Age organizations
Association for Research and Enlightenment
The Family
Findhorn Foundation

Rosicrucian organizations
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis
Rosicrucian Fellowship

Theosophical organizations
Lucis Trust
New Acropolis
Theosophical Society Adyar
Theosophical Society Pasadena
Theosophical Society Point Loma-Covina
United Lodge of Theosophists

Interreligious organizations

 Association for Consciousness Exploration
 Center for Religion, Ethics and Social Policy
 The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty
 Berkeley Psychic Institute
 European Congress of Ethnic Religions
 Institute on Religion in an Age of Science
 Interfaith Worker Justice
 National African Religion Congress
 Partners for Sacred Places
 Sea of Faith
 Society for the Arts, Religion and Contemporary culture
 The World Peace Prayer Society

Inter-Abrahamic organizations
Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
The Coexistence Trust
Faith & Values Media
International Catholic–Jewish Liaison Committee
International Council of Christians and Jews
International Fellowship of Christians and Jews
Interreligious Coordinating Council in Israel
Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice

See also
 List of religions and spiritual traditions
 Major religious groups

List of religious organizations


Douglas Norman Cotler (born October 2, 1949) is a Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter and composer based in Los Angeles, California.

Cotler tours the United States sharing his music with Jewish communities.

Cotler's composed the symphony, The Golem, which was performed by Seattle Philharmonic Orchestra. He performs country, pop and rock music with artists such as John Denver, Jerry Jeff Walker and Mason Williams. He recorded five original Jewish music albums. Cotler's 1984 Grammy was awarded for writing "Manhunt", a song featured in the soundtrack and movie, Flashdance. Cotler is the musical producer of the Reform Movement's National Biennial Conventions.

With his father, a Cantor, providing training from age nine, Cotler's professional career began at 14, singing in Southern California synagogues and Jewish Community Centers. When Doug's father died, he assumed his father's position as Cantor at a large reform congregation in the San Francisco Bay Area.

His album Listen contains the song, "Standing on the Shoulders".  This song is used as a theme for conventions, films and religious services. Cotler's other albums include It's So Amazing!, Whispers in the Wind and Down Home. His cover album Echoes contains Jewish-American popular classics. His newest albums are A Rose in December, which reflects songs of healing and peace, a live concert recording, Everyone's Invited – Doug Cotler LIVE! and Funny Jewish Songs, a collection of Jewish musical humor.

Doug is the Cantorial Soloist at Congregation Or Ami, in Calabasas, California.

Personal life
A native Californian and resident of Woodland Hills, California, Doug and his wife Gail, have two sons, Kyle and Noah.

Discography
Partial; see discography for the list on his website.

 Listen
 It's So Amazing! – Songs for Jewish Children
 Whispers in the Wind
 Echoes
 Funny Jewish Songs
 Everyone's Invited – Doug Cotler Live
 My 'Magination – Children's Songs featuring Pobba
 Rose in December

Gallery

External links
 Doug Cotler's Website

1949 births
Living people
Jewish American musicians
Jewish folk singers
Grammy Award winners
21st-century American Jews

Doug Cotler


Namazga-Tepe or Namazga-depe, is a Bronze Age (BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, some 100 km east of Aşgabat, near the border to Iran. Excavated by Vadim Mikhailovich Masson, Viktor Sarianidi, and I. N. Khlopin from the 1950s, the site set the chronology for the Bronze Age sites in Turkmenistan (Namazga III-VI).

Namazga culture was preceded in the area by Jeitun culture.

Chronology
It is believed that Anau culture of Turkmenistan considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period (c. 4000–3500 BC), is considered contemporary with Anau IB2 period.

Namazga III (c. 3200–2800) as a village settlement in Late Chalcolithic phase, and Namazga IV (c. 2800–2400 BC) as a proto-urban site, both belong to the Late Regionalization Era.

Namazga V (c. 2400–2000 BC), is in the Integration Era or the period of "urban revolution" following the Anatolian model with little or no irrigation. Namazga-Tepe emerges as the production and probable governmental center, covering some 60 hectares, with Altyndepe likely a secondary capital. Around 1600 BC, Altyndepe is abandoned, and Namazga-Tepe shrinks to a fraction of its former size.

Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800–1500 BC), as part of the Localization Era is characterized by the incursion of nomadic pastoralists from the Alekseyevka culture and/or Srubna culture.

There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site.

The following table clarifies the chronology of Namazga culture.

See also
 South Turkmenistan Complex Archaeological Expedition

References

Bibliography

V. M. Masson and V. I. Sarianidi, Central Asia: Turkmenia before the Achaemenids (trans. Tringham, 1972); review: Charles C. Kolb, American Anthropologist (1973), 1945–1948.

External links
Altin Tepe entry in Encyclopaedia Iranica

Tells (archaeology)
Archaeological sites in Turkmenistan
Former populated places in Turkmenistan
Ahal Region

Namazga-Tepe


Centum Cellas, also referred to as Centum Cellæ, Centum Celli, or Centum Cœli (and in ), is a Roman villa rustica that dates back to the 1st century AD, located in the Mount of Santo Antão in Belmonte, Castelo Branco District, Portugal.

History
In the context of the Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, the Villa was supposedly the property of a Lúcio Cecílio (in Latin: LVCIVS CÆCILIVS), a wealthy Roman citizen, a tradesman of tin (an abundant metal in the Iberian Peninsula) who ordered its construction in the 1st century AD. Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal) was one of if not the richest Roman province in the case of mineral ore from around the first century BC. Containing deposits of the metals (gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury), it was very rich in resources. The Romans realised this, and there is evidence of large-scale mining and processing in the region. From its acquisition during the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome, Iberia continued to produce a significant amount of Roman metals. Tin was especially  important being mined only in Iberia, Persia and Britannia. According to certain archeological sources, it was partially destroyed in the 3rd century AD but rebuilt right after. In the Middle Ages, over the remnant parts, a chapel was built in homage to Pope Cornelius. However, there are no traces of it today. It is also possible that during this time, due to its proximity with the Kingdom of León, the tower was used as a military outpost.
In 1188, the place, then named Centuncelli, received a foral by king Sancho I of Portugal. 19th century Portuguese historian Pinho Leal wrote that the tower was renovated in order to be used as a watchtower in either the 13th or 14th centuries.

Structure

The tower-like structure is one of the best preserved Roman monuments in the country. The core building has a rectangular floor plan (13.3 m × 15.5 m) and was two-storey; the second floor is probably a medieval addition. It has multiple entrances with different sizes. Two friezes separate the floors. The tower is 12 m high and originally stood in a building complex (the villa rustica). On three sides it was surrounded by extensions, of which only the foundations are visible. The sides were surrounded by rows of three chambers. At the front was the pillared portico of an open courtyard. The construction is of blocks (granite), which is quite unusual in Europe and reminiscent of Syria and North Africa. The position of the outer openings was dominated by the view that results from this point, located on a Roman road on the one kilometer distant confluence of the rivers Zêzere and Gaia.

Listing
Centum Cellas is listed as a National Monument by the Portuguese Government under the decree nº 14 425, of 15 October 1927, published in the Government's Diary nº 136.

Myths
Much mystery surrounds the function this tower served, having fomented many folk tales and theories throughout the centuries. One of the traditions claims that it was used as a prison.
Regarding its primitive function, it is believed that it could have been a prætorium (a Roman military camp). Meanwhile, several archeological prospection campaigns in the surrounding areas, carried out during the 1960s and 1990s, indicate that the tower was most likely a villa, being  an integral part of the pars urbana. Excavations are still ongoing.

See also
Roman villa of Centcelles

References

 Pinho Leal, Augusto Soares d'Azevedo Barbosa de. Portugal antigo e moderno: diccionario geographico, estatistico, chorographico, heraldico, archeologico, historico, biographico e etymologico de todas as cidades, villas e freguezias de Portugal e de grande número de aldeias… (12 vols.). Lisboa: 1872 e segs.

External links
Arqueologia patrimoniocultural

Portugal in the Roman era
Lusitania
Roman sites in Portugal
National monuments in Castelo Branco District

Centum Cellas


The 1950 U.S. Open was the 50th U.S. Open, held June 8–11 at the East Course of Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia. In what became known as the "Miracle at Merion," 1948 champion Ben Hogan won the second of his four U.S. Open titles in an 18-hole playoff over 1946 champion Lloyd Mangrum and George Fazio, just 16 months after being severely injured in an automobile accident. It was the fourth of Hogan's nine major titles.

Lee Mackey established a new tournament record by shooting a 64 in the first round, but followed that up with an 81 and finished in 25th place. His score of 64 was not bettered in any other major championship for 23 years, until Johnny Miller closed with a 63 at the U.S. Open in 1973 to win at Oakmont. Tommy Armour, three-time major champion and winner in 1927, played in his final major and missed the cut.

This was the second U.S. Open played at Merion's East Course, which previously hosted sixteen years earlier in 1934, won by Olin Dutra. Opened in 1912, the course was the site of the U.S. Amateur in 1916, 1924, and 1930; the first was the debut of Bobby Jones at age 14 (quarterfinalist) and the latter two he won. The 1930 victory was the fourth and final leg of his grand slam.

Hogan made his U.S. Open debut at Merion in 1934 at age 21. He shot 79 (+9) twice and missed the 36-hole cut by three strokes. He made his first cut at the U.S. Open in 1939 and did not miss another; his last was in 1967 at age 54.

Course

East Course

Source:

Round summaries

First round
Thursday, June 8, 1950

Source:

Scorecard

Source:

Second round
Friday, June 9, 1950

Source:

Third round
Saturday, June 10, 1950   (morning)

Source:

Final round
Saturday, June 10, 1950   (afternoon)

Mangrum began the final round with a one-shot lead over Dutch Harrison and a two-stroke lead over Hogan, defending champion Cary Middlecoff, and Johnny Palmer. Fazio was the first to post 287 (+7) after an even-par 70. Mangrum struggled early in his round, carding six bogeys on the first seven holes and shot 76 (+6), which also left him at 287. Hogan had a chance to win the tournament in regulation  but missed a short putt for par at 15 and then bogeyed the par-3 17th. In a three-way tie for the lead going to the difficult 18th, Hogan hit one of his most famous shots, a 1-iron approach to . He two-putted for par to join Mangrum and Fazio in the Sunday playoff. Middlecoff and Palmer both shot 79 and fell to tenth place.

Source:

Scorecard

Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par
Source:

Playoff
Sunday, June 11, 1950

The three players were within one stroke of each other as late as the 13th hole, with Hogan at even par and Fazio and Mangrum at one-over. Fazio bogeyed four of the last five holes to fall out of contention, while Hogan led Mangrum by a single stroke through 15. Mangrum's tee shot at 16 went into heavy rough but his third shot stopped  from the hole. As he putted to save par, he picked up his ball to remove a bug that had landed on it, a violation of the rules (then rule 10, paragraph 2). Mangrum rolled it in, but was assessed a two-stroke penalty at the next tee; the double-bogey allowed Hogan to cruise to a four-stroke victory. Hogan had just one bogey, while Fazio had seven and Mangrum four, plus the double-bogey for the rules violation.

Source:
 This was the final three-way playoff at the U.S. Open that determined a third-place finisher; at the next in 1963, non-winners tied for second.

Scorecard

{|class="wikitable" span = 50 style="font-size:85%;
|-
|style="background: Pink;" width=10|
|Birdie
|style="background: PaleGreen;" width=10|
|Bogey
|style="background: Green;" width=10|
|Double bogey
|}
Source:

References

External links

USGA Championship Database
USOpen.com – 1950
Trenham Golf History – 1950 U.S. Open

U.S. Open (golf)
Golf in Pennsylvania
U.S. Open
U.S. Open
U.S. Open golf
U.S. Open golf

1950 U.S. Open (golf)


The Chinese Union (Traditional Chinese 福漢會 Simplified Chinese 福汉会) was an early Chinese Protestant Christian missionary society that was  involved in preaching to Chinese and sending Chinese workers to Mainland China  during the late Qing Dynasty. It was founded by Karl Gützlaff in 1844, Hong Kong. Some leaders of Taiping Rebellion was members of this society. The society disbanded after 1855.

Notes

Christian missionary societies
Christian missions in China
Religious organizations established in 1844
1844 establishments in Hong Kong
Taiping Rebellion

The Chinese Union


Debbie Wasserman Schultz (born September 27, 1966) is the U.S. Representative for  since 2005. She was the Chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee, the leader the Democratic Party from 2011 until she resigned in 2016. From 1993 to 2004, she served in the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate.

Her district covers parts of Broward and Miami-Dade counties. Her district includes the cities of Fort Lauderdale and Miami Beach.

Early life, education and career
She was born Deborah Wasserman in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City. She grew up on Long Island. She received a Bachelor of Arts in 1988 and a Master of Arts with certificate in political campaigning in 1990, both in Political Science, from the University of Florida, in Gainesville.

At the University of Florida, Schultz was in student government. She was President of the Student Senate as well as founder and President of the Rawlings Area Council Government. She was also a member of the Omicron Delta Kappa honor society, the James C. Grimm chapter of the National Residence Hall Honorary, and the union Graduate Assistants United. She served as President of the Graduate Student Council. She said that student politics developed her "love for politics and the political process."

Florida House of Representatives
In 1988 Schultz became an aide to Peter Deutsch at the beginning of his state legislative career. In 1992, Deutsch won election to the United States House of Representatives, which made his Florida post vancant. Schultz recalled getting a call from Deutsch at the time: "It was really amazing. He called me at home one day in the middle of the legislative session and he said, 'You could run in my race, your house is in my district.'" She had lived in the district for only three years. Schultz then won 53 percent of the vote in a six-way Democratic primary and avoided a runoff. She went on to win the general election and succeeded Deutsch in Florida's House of Representatives. At the age of 26, she became the youngest female legislator in Florida's history.

She served in the Florida State House of Representatives for eight years. State term limits required Schultz to leave the House. In addition to her work as a state legislator, she became an adjunct instructor of political science at Broward Community College. She also worked as a public policy curriculum specialist at Nova Southeastern University. She was elected to the Florida State Senate in 2000. She was considered one of the most liberal members of Florida's state legislature. She supported legislation requiring gender price parity for dry cleaning. She supported bills to require that an equal number of men and women were appointed to state boards. She pushed through several bills including the Florida Residential Swimming Pool Safety Act and one creating a Children's Services Council for Broward County. The Save The Manatee Club gave Schultz an award for her work in the state senate to protect manatees.

U.S. House of Representatives

Committee assignments
She serves on the following committees:
 Committee on the Budget
 Committee on the Judiciary
 Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet
 Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security

Party leadership
She is Chief Deputy Whip for the House Democrats. Schultz is a member of the New Democrat Coalition.

Schultz was appointed to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee in her first term in Congress. During the 2006 elections, she raised over seventeen million dollars in campaign contributions for her Democratic colleagues. The only two congressmen to raise more money that year were Nancy Pelosi and Rahm Emanuel. Democrats in the House of Representatives chose her to be Chief Deputy Whip. They appointed her to the Appropriations Committee. (This was a very good job for a congresswoman with only two years of experience.)

She is a member of Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi's "30 Something" Working Group, which consists of congressional Democrats under age 40. The group concentrates on issues affecting young people, including Social Security. She also has joined the bipartisan Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus. According to the Congress.org 2008 Power Rankings, she was the 24th most powerful member of the House and 22nd most powerful Democratic representative (also most powerful Florida representative).

Chair of the Democratic National Committee
In April 2011, Tim Kaine resigned as Democratic National Committee (DNC) Chairman in order to run for the United States Senate. On April 5, 2011, President Barack Obama chose Schultz to succeed Kaine as the 52nd Chairman of the DNC. Between Kaine's resignation and the next DNC meeting, current DNC Vice-Chair Donna Brazile served as the interim Chair of the Democratic National Committee. On May 4, 2011, the DNC met and elected Schultz as its chair. Schultz became the third female DNC chief in history and the first in over 15 years.

Wikileaks scandal and resignation
On July 24, 2016, it was announced that she would resign her position as chairperson of the Democratic National Committee following the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Leaked emails provided by WikiLeaks showed Schultz and other members of the DNC staff mocking and attempting to sabotage the presidential campaign of Senator Bernie Sanders in favor of Clinton's campaign.

The Clinton campaign announced the same day that Wasserman Schultz would act as honorary chair of an effort to elect Democrats across the United States in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election.

Personal life
Schultz currently lives in Weston outside Fort Lauderdale. She has three children and is married to Steve Schultz. She is an active member of the National Jewish Democratic Council, Planned Parenthood and Hadassah.

In March 2009, she said that she went through seven surgeries related to breast cancer in 2008, while remaining a member of the House. That year, she promoted efforts for early screening for breast cancer.

Awards
 Giraffe award, Women's Advocacy Majority Minority (WAMM), 1993
 Outstanding Family Advocacy award, Dade County Psychol. Assn., 1993
 Rosemary Barkett award, Academy of Florida Trial Lawyers, 1995
 Woman of the Year, AMIT, 1994
 Outstanding Legislator of the year, Florida Federation of Business & Professional Women, 1994
 Quality Floridian, Florida League of Cities, 1994
 Woman of Vision, Weizmann Institute of Science
 One of Six Most Unstoppable Women, South Florida Magazine, 1994.

References

Other websites

 Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz  official U.S. House site
 Debbie Wasserman Schultz for Congress official campaign site

|-

|-

1966 births
Living people
Jewish American politicians
Jewish politicians
People from Queens
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from Florida
University of Florida alumni
Democratic Party (United States) politicians

Debbie Wasserman Schultz


Strauss Is Playing Today () is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Conrad Wiene and starring Alfred Abel, Hermine Sterler and Imre Ráday. The film was made at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. It portrays the relationship between the father and son Austrian composers Johann Strauss I and Johann Strauss II.

Cast
Alfred Abel as Johann Strauss father
Hermine Sterler as Anna, his wife
Imre Ráday as Johann Strauss son
Antonie Jaeckel as Deisinger's wife
Willy Schmieder as Deisinger
Lilian Ellis as Liesl
Ferdinand Bonn as Drechsler
Trude Hesterberg as Trampusch
Jakob Tiedtke as Wieß
Paul Hörbiger as Lamperlhirsch
Eugen Neufeld as Grand Duke
John Mylong as Mödlinger

See also
A Waltz by Strauss (1931)

References

External links

Films of the Weimar Republic
German silent feature films
German historical drama films
1920s historical drama films
Biographical films about musicians
Films about classical music and musicians
Films about composers
Films directed by Conrad Wiene
Films set in Vienna
Films set in the 19th century
Films shot in Berlin
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios
German black-and-white films
Cultural depictions of Johann Strauss I
Cultural depictions of Johann Strauss II
1928 drama films
Silent historical drama films
1920s German films
1920s German-language films

Strauss Is Playing Today


Alexander Gordon Cowie (27 February 1889 – 7 April 1916) was an English first-class cricketer, soldier and poet.

Cowie was educated at Charterhouse School and Caius College, Cambridge. A tall, strongly built right-arm fast bowler who could bowl "alarmingly fast", he made his first-class debut for Cambridge University in 1910 and was awarded his blue.

He made nine first-class appearances for Cambridge University in the 1910 and 1911 seasons, taking 43 wickets at an average of 23.25. His best figures were 6 for 87 off 18.5 overs against Sussex in his second match; five of his victims were bowled. In his next match, immediately afterwards, he took 5 for 64 and 4 for 89 (match figures of 37.4–7–153–9) to lead Cambridge to a nine-wicket victory over Yorkshire. Later in 1910 he played two matches for Hampshire in the County Championship, taking 5 for 94 in Lancashire's first innings in the second match. He lost form in 1911.

With the onset of the First World War Cowie was commissioned in the British Army. He became a captain in the Seaforth Highlanders. He was wounded in 1915, but returned to active duty. He died on 7 April 1916 after being fatally wounded while serving in Mesopotamia. A short poem of his, titled "Lines by Captain Alexander Gordon Cowie, Seaforth Highlanders", appeared after his death in The Lotus Magazine and has since been anthologized in books of war poetry.

References

External links

Alexander Cowie at Cricinfo
Alexander Cowie at CricketArchive

1889 births
1916 deaths
People from Lymington
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
British Army cricketers
British Army personnel of World War I
Seaforth Highlanders officers
British military personnel killed in World War I
Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricketers
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
English World War I poets
Military personnel from Hampshire
Cricketers from Hampshire

Alexander Cowie


Art Wander (born 1927) is a television and radio sports analyst, and former radio format programmer, from Buffalo, New York.

Life and career
Raised on the East Side of Buffalo to a Polish-American family, Wander took an early interest in radio, skipping classes to watch Foster Brooks and Buffalo Bob Smith perform their radio show on WGR live from the W. T. Grant department store.

After serving in the U.S. Navy, he produced radio programs for the Veterans Administration hospital system.  In 1956 he joined WKBW as a news reporter, and in 1958 hired a young Irwin Weinstein, who returned to Western New York after a stint in West Virginia, as his assistant. Weinstein, later shortening his name to "Irv," eventually became an iconic Buffalo news anchor.

Wander went on to program radio stations in New York City, Chicago, Boston, Dallas, Baltimore, Atlanta, Tampa and Memphis.  At WOR-FM in New York he met the Beatles and became a friend of Brian Epstein, their manager.

In the 1980s Wander returned to Buffalo radio as a programmer and as an on-air personality in sports radio at WGKT where he earned the nicknames "the Tiny Tot of the Kilowatt" and "your private pope", which was inspired by a fan made theme song. After a quarrel with Buffalo Bills general manager Bill Polian, Wander was hired by WGR for a sports talk show, and, starting in 1996, worked in television for Empire Sports Network (and eventually Empire's radio arm, WNSA). He retired from Empire and WNSA in 2002.

Wander was inducted into the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2008.

For much of the early 2010s, Wander appeared regularly as an analyst on the WBBZ-TV program "All Sports WNY" (hosted and managed by his former boss at Empire, Bob Koshinski) and writes commentary for the program's website; his last commentary is from March, 2017.

References

External links
 Art Wander columns on "All Sports WNY"

1927 births
Living people
Sports commentators
Radio personalities from Buffalo, New York

Art Wander


Fleet may mean:

Vehicles
A fleet is a collection of ships or vehicles:
Fleet vehicles, two or more vehicles
Fishing fleet
Naval fleet, large group of warships
A group of small ships or flotilla
A group of racing sailboats
Starfleet, fictional group in Star Trek
Ugs fleet, a collection of military ground sensors.

Places
Fleet, Kent, a waterway in the Thames marshes, England
Fleet, Dorset, England
Fleet, Hampshire, England
River Fleet, river in London, England
Fleet, Lincolnshire, England
Gatehouse of Fleet, small town in Scotland
Water of Fleet, a river in Scotland
Fleet, Alberta, Canada

People
Beth Van Fleet (born 1977), American volleyball player
Charles Browne Fleet (1843-1916), American pharmacist
David Fleet (born 1954), Canadian politician
Frank Fleet (1848-1900), American baseball player
Frederick Fleet (1887-1965), British sailor and Titanic survivor
Greg Fleet (born 1960), Australian comedian
James Fleet (born 1954), British actor
James Van Fleet (1892-1992), American general
Jo Van Fleet (1914-1996), American actress
Pat Fleet (born 1943), American voice actress
Preston Fleet (1934-1995), American businessman
Reuben Fleet (1887-1975), American aviation pioneer
Stephan Szpak-Fleet (born 1979), Polish-born American actor
Stephen Fleet (1936-2006), British administrator
William Van Fleet (1852-1923), American judge

Other uses
Fleet Aircraft
FleetBoston Financial, financial institution
Fleet Farm, American farm and ranch supply store chain
Fleet Foxes, American band
Fleet (laxative), brand name for bisacody
Fleet services, English motorway service station
Fleet Spurs F.C.
Ebbsfleet United F.C., whose nickname is The Fleet
Fleet (boardgame), a strategy card game published by Eagle Games

Fleet


ABii National is a Savings and Loans Company in Ghana that provides financial service to the general public.

ABii National was established as a Savings and Loans company, as defined in Ghanaian law, in 2011. In February 2013, the Bank of Ghana granted the company a provisional license as a bank and in September of that year this was converted into a full license. By that time, it had six branches. A seventh branch was opened at Takoradi in  March 2015, by which time the company had nearly 10,000 customers.

Based in Accra, the company is a subsidiary of Tobinco.

References

External links

Banks of Ghana
Companies based in Accra
Banks established in 2011
Ghanaian companies established in 2011

ABii National


Doctor Zhivago () is a 1965 epic historical romance film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt, based on the 1957 novel by Boris Pasternak. The story is set in Russia during World War I and the Russian Civil War. The film stars Omar Sharif in the title role as Yuri Zhivago, a married physician and poet whose life is altered by the Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war, and Julie Christie as his love interest Lara Antipova. Geraldine Chaplin, Tom Courtenay, Rod Steiger, Alec Guinness, Ralph Richardson, Siobhán McKenna, and Rita Tushingham play supporting roles.

While immensely popular in the West, Pasternak's book was banned in the Soviet Union for decades. For this reason, the film could not be made in the Soviet Union and was instead filmed mostly in Francoist Spain. It was an international co-production between Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Italian producer Carlo Ponti.

Contemporary critics were critical of its length at over three hours and claimed that it trivialized history, but acknowledged the intensity of the love story and the film's treatment of human themes. At the 38th Academy Awards, Doctor Zhivago won five Oscars: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design. It was nominated for five others (including Best Picture and Best Director), but lost four of these five to The Sound of Music. It also won five awards at the 23rd Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture - Drama and Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama for Sharif.

, it is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the United States and Canada, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. It is also one of the top ten highest-grossing films worldwide after adjusting for inflation. In 1998, it was ranked by the American Film Institute 39th on their 100 Years... 100 Movies list, and by the British Film Institute the following year as the 27th greatest British film of all time.

Plot

Part one

Against a backdrop of World War I, the 1917 Russian Revolution and ensuing civil war, the film uses a narrative framing device set later, involving NKVD Lieutenant General Yevgraf Zhivago's search for the daughter of his half-brother Dr Yuri Zhivago and Larissa ("Lara") Antipova. Yevgraf believes a young worker, Tanya Komarova, may be his niece and explains why.

After his mother's burial, the orphaned child Yuri, who owns only an inherited balalaika, was taken by family friends Alexander and Anna Gromeko to Moscow. In 1913, Zhivago, now a doctor and a poet, becomes engaged to the Gromekos' daughter Tonya after her schooling in Paris.

Lara, 17 years old, is seduced by her mother's much older friend/lover, the well-connected Victor Komarovsky. Lara's friend, the idealistic Pasha Antipov, who wishes to marry her, is wounded by mounted police at a peaceful demonstration. Pasha's wound is treated by Lara, who hides a gun he picked up.

Learning of Lara's relationship with Komarovsky, her mother attempts suicide. Komarovsky attempts to dissuade Lara from marrying Pasha. She refuses and he rapes her. A traumatised Lara later follows Komarovsky to a party; she shoots him in the arm, and is escorted out by Pasha. Pasha marries her, despite now knowing about her relationship with Komarovsky. They leave Moscow.

During World War I Yuri, now married to Tonya, becomes a battlefield doctor. Pasha joins up, but is reported missing. Lara enlists as a nurse to search for him and encounters Zhivago. For the next six months, they serve at a field hospital, as unrest grows in Russia after exiled Vladimir Lenin returns. Zhivago and Lara fall in love, but Zhivago remains faithful to Tonya.

After Russia leaves the war, Yuri returns to Tonya, their son Sasha and the widowed Alexander Gromeko in their Moscow house, which had been confiscated by the Soviet government and now houses many other people. Yevgraf, now a Cheka officer, tells Yuri that his poems have been condemned as anti-communist. Yevgraf provides documents so the family can travel to the Gromekos' country home, "Varykino", located in the Urals near Yuriatin. On a heavily guarded train they travel through contested territory where the Bolshevik commander Strelnikov is fighting anti-Communist White forces.

Part two

The train makes a stop close to Strelnikov's armoured train. Yuri gets out, is captured and taken to Strelnikov. Yuri recognises Strelnikov as Pasha. Strelnikov mentions that Lara is living in Yuriatin, now occupied by the Whites. Strelnikov allows Zhivago to return to his train. They find the main house at Varykino seized and sealed up by the Bolsheviks; the family settle into a cottage next door. In Yuriatin, Yuri sees Lara, and they begin an affair. When Tonya is about to give birth to a second child, Yuri breaks off with Lara but is then abducted by Communist partisans and forced to join them.

After two years, Yuri deserts and returns to Yuriatin. Lara says that Tonya contacted her while searching for Yuri. Leaving his belongings with Lara, she returned to Moscow. Tonya later sent Lara a sealed letter for Yuri. Tonya had given birth to a daughter, and she, her father, and her two children are living in Paris following deportation.

Yuri and Lara become lovers again but Komarovsky arrives. Cheka agents have been watching them due to Lara's marriage to Strelnikov. Komarovsky offers them help to leave Russia, but they refuse, instead going to Varykino, and hiding in the main house. Yuri begins the "Lara" poems, which will later bring him popular fame but government disapproval. Komarovsky arrives with troops. Recently appointed as an official in the Far Eastern Republic, he says that the Cheka only allowed Lara to remain in the area to lure Strelnikov; he had been captured five miles away, and committed suicide. They now intend to arrest Lara. Komarovsky's offer of safe passage is accepted, but once Lara is on her way, Yuri does not follow. On the train, Lara tells Komarovsky that she is pregnant with Yuri's child.

Years later, Yevgraf finds a Moscow medical job for his now frail half-brother. Yuri sees Lara in the street. He has a fatal heart attack before reaching her. At Yuri's funeral Lara asks Yevgraf for help to find her daughter by Yuri, who was lost during the civil war. Yevgraf helps her search the orphanages, in vain. Lara then disappears and Yevgraf believes she died in a labour camp.

Yevgraf believes that Tanya Komarova is Yuri and Lara's daughter; she remains unconvinced. After being asked how she came to be lost, Tanya finally answers that her "father" (i.e. Komarovsky) had let go of her hand when they were running from the chaos of war. Yevgraf responds that a real father would not have let go. Tanya promises to consider what Yevgraf says. Tanya's husband arrives, and she leaves with him. Yevgraf notices Tanya is carrying a balalaika. He asks if she can play it, to which her husband responds that she can and "is an artist".

Cast

 Omar Sharif as Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago
 Tarek Sharif as young Yuri
 Julie Christie as Larissa Ameliava "Lara" Antipova
 Geraldine Chaplin as Tonya Gromeko
 Rod Steiger as Victor Ippolitovich Komarovsky
 Alec Guinness as Yevgraf Andreyevich Zhivago
 Tom Courtenay as Pavel "Pasha" Antipov / Strelnikov
 Siobhán McKenna as Anna Gromeko
 Ralph Richardson as Alexander Maximovich Gromeko
 Rita Tushingham as Tanya Komarova
 Jeffrey Rockland as Sasha Antipov
 Klaus Kinski as Kostoyed Amoursky
 Bernard Kay as Kuril
 Gérard Tichy as Liberius Mikulitsyn
 Jack MacGowran as Petya
 Noel Willman as Razin
 Geoffrey Keen as Professor Boris Kurt
 Adrienne Corri as Amelia
 Mark Eden as Bakunin

Production

Background
Boris Pasternak's novel was published in the West amidst celebration and controversy. Parts of Pasternak's book had been known in Samizdat since some time after World War II. However, the novel was not completed until 1956. The book had to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by an Italian called D'Angelo to be delivered to Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, a left-wing Italian publisher who published it shortly thereafter, in 1957. Helped by a Soviet campaign against the novel, it became a sensation throughout the non-communist world. It spent 26 weeks atop The New York Times best-seller list.

Pasternak was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize for Literature. While the citation noted his poetry, it was speculated that the prize was mainly for Doctor Zhivago, which the Soviet government saw as an anti-Soviet work, thus interpreting the award of the Nobel Prize as a gesture hostile to the Soviet Union. A target of the Soviet government's fervent campaign to label him a traitor, Pasternak felt compelled to refuse the Prize. The situation became an international cause célèbre and made Pasternak a Cold War symbol of resistance to Soviet communism.

Development and casting
The film treatment by David Lean was proposed for various reasons. Pasternak's novel had been an international success, and producer Carlo Ponti was interested in adapting it as a vehicle for his wife, Sophia Loren. Lean, coming off the huge success of Lawrence of Arabia (1962), wanted to make a more intimate, romantic film to balance the action- and adventure-oriented tone of his previous film. One of the first actors signed onboard was Omar Sharif, who had played Lawrence's right-hand man Sherif Ali in Lawrence of Arabia. Sharif loved the novel, and when he heard Lean was making a film adaptation, he requested to be cast in the role of Pasha (which ultimately went to Tom Courtenay).

Sharif was quite surprised when Lean suggested that he play Zhivago. Peter O'Toole, star of Lawrence of Arabia, was Lean's original choice for Zhivago, but turned the part down; Max von Sydow and Paul Newman also were considered. Rod Taylor was offered the role but turned it down. Michael Caine tells in his autobiography that he also read for Zhivago and participated in the screen shots with Christie, but (after watching the results with David Lean) was the one who suggested Omar Sharif. Rod Steiger was cast as Komarovsky after Marlon Brando and James Mason turned the part down. Audrey Hepburn was considered for Tonya, and Robert Bolt lobbied for Albert Finney to play Pasha.

Lean convinced Ponti that Loren was not right for the role of Lara, saying she was "too tall" (and confiding in screenwriter Robert Bolt that he could not accept Loren as a virgin for the early parts of the film), and Jeanne Moreau, Yvette Mimieux, Sarah Miles and Jane Fonda were considered for the role. Ultimately, Julie Christie was cast based on her appearance in Billy Liar (1963) and the recommendation of John Ford, who directed her in Young Cassidy (1965). Sharif's son Tarek was cast as the young Zhivago, and Sharif directed his son as a way to get closer to his character.

Filming

Lean's experience filming a part of Lawrence of Arabia in Spain, access to CEA Studios, and the guarantee of snow in some parts of Spain led to his choosing the country as the primary location for filming. However, the weather predictions failed and David Lean's team experienced Spain's warmest winter in 50 years. As a result, some scenes were filmed in interiors with artificial snow made with dust from a nearby marble quarry. The team filmed some locations with heavy snow, such as the snowy landscape in Strelnikov's train sequence, somewhere in Campo de Gómara near Soria.

Nicolas Roeg was the original director of photography and worked on some scenes but, after an argument with Lean, he left and was replaced by Freddie Young. The film was shot over ten months, with the entire Moscow set being built from scratch outside Madrid. Most of the scenes covering Zhivago's and Lara's service in World War I were filmed in Soria, as was the Varykino estate.  The "ice-palace" at Varykino was filmed in Soria as well, a house filled with frozen beeswax. The charge of the partisans across the frozen lake was also filmed in Spain; a cast iron sheet was placed over a dried river-bed, and fake snow (mostly marble dust) was added on top. Some of the winter scenes were filmed in summer with warm temperatures, sometimes of up to 25 °C (77 °F). Other locations include Madrid-Delicias railway station in Madrid and the Moncayo Range. The initial and final scenes were shot at the Aldeadávila Dam between Spain and Portugal. Although uncredited, most of those scenes were shot on the Portuguese side of the river, overlooking the Spanish side.

Other winter sequences, mostly landscape scenes and Yuri's escape from the partisans, were filmed in Finland. Winter scenes of the family traveling to Yuriatin by rail were filmed in Canada. The locomotives seen in the film are Spanish locomotives like the RENFE Class 240 (ex-1400 MZA), and Strelnikov's armoured train is towed by the RENFE Class 141F Mikado locomotive.

One train scene became notorious for the supposed fate that befell Lili Muráti, a Hungarian actress, who slipped clambering onto a moving train. Although she fell under the wagon, she escaped serious injury and returned to work within three weeks (and did not perish or lose a limb). Lean appears to have used part of her accident in the film's final cut.

Music

Release

Theatrical
Released theatrically on 22 December 1965, the film went on to gross $111.7 million in the United States and Canada across all of its releases, becoming the second highest-grossing film of 1965. It is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time adjusted for inflation. The film sold an estimated 124.1 million tickets in the United States and Canada, equivalent to $1.1 billion adjusted for inflation as of 2018.

In addition, it is the ninth highest-grossing film worldwide after adjusting for inflation. The film sold an estimated 248.2million tickets worldwide, equivalent to  adjusted for inflation as of 2014. It is the most popular film of all time in Italy with 22.9 million admissions. It was the highest-grossing film in Germany with theatrical rentals of 39 million Deutschmarks from 12.75 million admissions and also the most popular film of all time in Switzerland with over 1 million admissions. In the United Kingdom, it was the most popular film of the year with 11.2 million admissions and was the third-highest-grossing film of all time in Australia with theatrical rentals of A$2.5 million. The film's 2015 limited re-release in the United Kingdom grossed $138,493.

In May 1966, the film was entered into competition at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

Home media
On 24 September 2002, the 35th Anniversary version of Doctor Zhivago  was issued on DVD (two-disc set), and another Anniversary Edition in 2010 on Blu-ray (a three-disc set that includes a book).

Critical reception
Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt that the film's focus on the love story between Zhivago and Lara trivialized the events of the Russian Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, but was impressed by the film's visuals. Also critical of the film was The Guardian'''s Richard Roud, who wrote: In the film the revolution is reduced to a series of rather annoying occurrences; getting firewood, finding a seat on a train, and a lot of nasty proles being tiresome. Whatever one thinks of the Russian Revolution it was certainly more than a series of consumer problems. At least it was to Zhivago himself. The whole point of the book was that even though Zhivago disapproved of the course the revolution took, he had approved of it in principle. Had he not, there would have been no tragedy. Brendan Gill of The New Yorker called the film a grievous disappointment ... these able actors have been given almost nothing to do except wear costumes and engage in banal small talk. Doctor Zhivago is one of the stillest motion pictures of all time, and an occasional bumpy train ride or crudely inserted cavalry charge only points up its essential immobility. The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: The best one can say of Doctor Zhivago is that it is an honest failure. Boris Pasternak's sprawling, complex, elusive novel is held together by its unity of style, by the driving force of its narrative, by the passionate voice of a poet who weaves a mass of diverse characters into a single tapestry. And this is precisely what David Lean's film lacks. Somewhere in the two years of the film's making the spirit of the novel has been lost.Among the positive reviews, Time magazine called the film "literate, old-fashioned, soul-filling and thoroughly romantic". Arthur D. Murphy of Variety declared, The sweep and scope of the Russian revolution, as reflected in the personalities of those who either adapted or were crushed, has been captured by David Lean in 'Doctor Zhivago,' frequently with soaring dramatic intensity. Director [David Lean] has accomplished one of the most meticulously designed and executed films—superior in several visual respects to his 'Lawrence of Arabia.' Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times called the film as throat-catchingly magnificent as the screen could be, the apotheosis of the cinema as art. With Spain and Finland doubling, absolutely incredibly, for Moscow and the Urals in all seasons, we are transplanted to another land and time ... if you will brace yourself for an inordinately lengthy session—intermission notwithstanding—in a theater seat, I can promise you some fine film-making.Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it "Visually beautiful and finely acted." He identified the film's length as its "greatest drawback" but wrote that "we weary of the long train ride or become impatient with individual scenes, but, thinking back on them, we perceive their proper intent." Clifford Terry of the Chicago Tribune wrote that director David Lean and screenwriter Robert Bolt "have fashioned out of a rambling book, a well controlled film highlighted by excellent acting and brilliant production."

Reviewing it for its 30th anniversary, film critic Roger Ebert regarded it as "an example of superb old-style craftsmanship at the service of a soppy romantic vision", and wrote that "the story, especially as it has been simplified by Lean and his screenwriter, Robert Bolt, seems political in the same sense Gone with the Wind is political, as spectacle and backdrop, without ideology", concluding that the political content is treated mostly as a "sideshow". Geoffrey Macnab of The Independent reviewed the film for its 50th anniversary and noted director David Lean's "extraordinary artistry" but found the film bordering on "kitsch". Macnab also felt that the musical score by Maurice Jarre still stood up but criticised the English accents.

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating 84% based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 7.60/10. The critical consensus reads: It may not be the best of David Lean's epics, but Dr. Zhivago is still brilliantly photographed and sweepingly romantic.In 2013, Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck cited Doctor Zhivago as an influence on the 2013 film Frozen.

Awards and nominations
Both Doctor Zhivago and The Sound of Music received the most nominations at the 38th Academy Awards (ten each). Both films won five Academy Awards apiece, but The Sound of Music won Best Picture and Best Director. Julie Christie was not nominated for her role in Doctor Zhivago, but won Best Actress in the same year, for her performance in Darling''.

American Film Institute recognition
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – No. 39
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions – No. 7

See also
 BFI Top 100 British films

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

1965 films
1965 war films
1960s Russian-language films
1965 romantic drama films
American epic films
American war films
American romantic drama films
British epic films
Epic films based on actual events
British romantic drama films
British war drama films
Italian epic films
Italian war films
English-language Italian films
Italian romantic drama films
Adultery in films
Anti-war films
Political controversies in film
Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners
Films scored by Maurice Jarre
Films about Soviet repression
Films based on Russian novels
Films directed by David Lean
Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance
Films produced by Carlo Ponti
Films set in Russia
Films set in the 1890s
Films set in the 1900s
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in the 1920s
Films set in the 1930s
Films set in the 1940s
Films shot in Finland
Films shot in Madrid
Films shot in Spain
Films that won the Best Costume Design Academy Award
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award
Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe
Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award
1960s historical romance films
British historical romance films
Rail transport films
Romantic epic films
Russian Revolution films
Russian Civil War films
Films with screenplays by Robert Bolt
War romance films
World War I films set on the Eastern Front
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1960s war drama films
Historical epic films
Films shot in Canada
Films about the Soviet Union in the Stalin era
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
1960s British films
1960s Italian films

Doctor Zhivago (film)


Curse of the Mummy is a single-player roleplaying gamebook, written by Jonathan Green, illustrated by Martin McKenna and originally published in 1995 by Puffin Books. It was later republished by Wizard Books in 2007. It forms part of Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone's Fighting Fantasy series. It is the 59th (and last) in the original Puffin series () and 27th in the modern Wizard series (). The adventure was slightly edited for the Wizard edition.

Story

The player must defeat Akharis, an evil ruler from a former age, before he is resurrected. If the player fails, he will enslave all of Allansia. The player must search for Akharis' tomb in the Desert of Skulls in a race against time.

Wizard edition
The Wizard editions of Curse of the Mummy and Spellbreaker have been revised in order to make them more playable. Several enemies have lower SKILL scores in the Wizard version of this book, however this has resulted in several errors in the text as other numbers that should have been changed as a result of the edits have remained the same. The description of a certain item has also been changed. The Wizard edition of Curse of the Mummy is the second to keep the cover from the original Puffin version.

External links
Changes to Curse of the Mummy

Official sites:

1995 fiction books
Fighting Fantasy gamebooks
Books by Jonathan Green (speculative fiction writer)
Puffin Books books

Curse of the Mummy


Nartaki (Dancer) is a 1940 film directed by Debaki Bose for New Theatres Ltd, Calcutta.
A bilingual made in Hindi and in Bengali, it had story and screenplay written by Bose, with cinematography by Yusuf Mulji. Music was composed by Pankaj Mullick. The cast had actress Leela Desai playing the title role of Nartaki. Najam also called Najam-Ul-Hasain or Najmul Hussain had left Bombay Talkies following his affair and elopement with Devika Rani, had now joined New Theatres Ltd, where he was cast in films like Anath Ashram (1937), Dushman (1939), Kapal Kundala (1939), and Nartaki.  The rest of the main cast included Jagdish Sethi, Wasti and Pankaj Mullick in the Hindi version.

The story was a sixteenth century period costume drama about a courtesan who with the help of the king tries to avenge her insult against the priest of a temple monastery.

Plot
Roopkumari (Leela Desai) a famous court dancer is forbidden entry into a temple monastery run by a strict disciplinarian Priest, Gyananandji (Wasti), who demands celibacy from his monks. To avenge her insult she gets the help of the king but fails in her mission to enter the temple. She then tries to seduce the priest's son, Satyasundar, who is set to take the main priest's place as the chief priest. Roopkumari and Satyasundar fall in love and the priest turns his son out of the monastery. Roopkumari takes him to her house and nurses the now ill Satyasundar back to health. In the process she too undergoes a spiritual transformation, looking for a divine love. Satyasundar finally leaves Roopkumari and returns to the monastery.

Cast

Hindi
Cast:
 Leela Desai as the dancer Roopkumari
 Najam as Satyasundar
 Jagdish Sethi as Seth Hiralal
 Wasti as Gyananandji
 Pankaj Mullick as Kaviraj
 R. P. Kapoor as Swamiji
 Nand Kishore as Bhootnath
 Rajani Rani as Ganga
 Kalabati as Jumna
 Bikram Kapoor
 Panna Kapoor
 Mohammed Siddique

Bengali
Cast:
 Leela Desai as Roopkumari the dancer
 Bhanu Bannerjee as Satyasundar
 Chhabi Biswas as Swamiji
 Sailen Chowdhury as Seth Hiralal
 Utpal Sen as Sage Gyananando
 Pankaj Mullick as Kabi
 Indu Mukherjee as Bhoothnath
 Naresh Bose as Kishore
 Jyoti as jamuna

Review and reception
The film was released on 24 December 1940 at Minerva Cinema, Bombay. In the Bombay Calling column of Filmindia, January 1940, mention was made of a Gujarati journal being mishandled during the shooting of the film at the studios. Baburao Patel, editor of Filmindia commented on taking bodyguard of girls with him to protect him from Debaki Bose, who had newly arrived in Bombay from Calcutta.

The review of Nartaki by Baburao Patel titled, "Debaki Bose Runs Amok", described the story as "too poor in development and almost beggarly in intellectual conception". The cast was criticised for their disappointing performances except for Wasti, who played the master monk. Yusuf Mulji's camera-work was commended as was the music score by Pankaj Mullick.

The film went on to become a commercial success and was recommended as one of the top films of 1940. It is cited as the first "major cinematic-essay" on a dancer's life.

Soundtrack
With music composed by Pankaj Mullick who also appeared as Kaviraj in the film, it had lyrics by Arzu Lucknawi. One of the classic notable song was "Yeh Kaun Aaj Aaya Savere Savere" sung by Mullick. The other popular song, which helped him achieve "mass-appeal" was "Madabhari Rut Jawan Hai". The songs were sung by Leela Desai, Pankaj Mullick, and Radha Rani.

Songlist

References

External links

www.pankajmullick.com - Comprehensive Resource Website, offering preview of all his songs, including those from Bengali & Hindi version of Nartaki.

1940 films
1940s Hindi-language films
Indian black-and-white films
Films scored by Pankaj Mullick

Nartaki (1940 film)


Ian Charles Bostridge CBE is an English tenor, well known for his performances as an opera and lieder singer.

Early life and education
Bostridge was born in London, the son of Leslie Bostridge and Lillian (née Clark). His father was a chartered surveyor. Bostridge is the brother of writer and critic Mark Bostridge, and they are the great-grandsons of the Tottenham Hotspur goalkeeper from the early twentieth century, John "Tiny" Joyce.

He was a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School. He attended St John's College, Oxford, where he secured a First in modern history and St John's College, Cambridge, where he received an M.Phil. degree in the history and philosophy of science. He was awarded his D.Phil. degree in history from Oxford in 1990, on the significance of witchcraft in English public life from 1650 to 1750, supervised by Sir Keith Thomas. He worked in television current affairs and documentaries for two years in London before becoming a British Academy post-doctoral fellow at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, teaching political theory and eighteenth-century British history. His book Witchcraft and Its Transformations, c. 1650–1750 was published as an Oxford Historical Monograph in 1997. This book, "the most sophisticated and original of all recent histories of early modern demonology", according to Professor Stuart Clark, has been influential in the study of the pre-Enlightenment. It "achiev[es] that rarest of feats in the scholarly world: taking a well-worn subject and ensuring that it will never be looked at in quite the same way again" (Noel Malcolm, TLS). In 1991 he won the National Federation of Music Societies Award and from 1992 received support from the Young Concert Artists Trust.

Career

Debuts
Bostridge began singing professionally only at age 27. He made his Wigmore Hall debut in 1993, followed by an acclaimed Winterreise at the Purcell Room and his Aldeburgh Festival debut in 1994. In 1995, he gave his first solo recital in the Wigmore Hall (winning the Royal Philharmonic Society's Debut Award). He gave recitals in Lyon, Cologne, London and at the Aldeburgh, Cheltenham and Edinburgh Festivals in 1996 and at the Alte Oper, Frankfurt in 1997.

On the concert platform, he has appeared with the London Symphony Orchestra under Sir Colin Davis and Mstislav Rostropovich, the Scottish Chamber Orchestra under Sir Charles Mackerras, and the City of Birmingham Symphony and Berlin Philharmonic under Sir Simon Rattle.

His first solo-featured recording was for Hyperion Records, a Britten song recital, The Red Cockatoo with Graham Johnson. His subsequent recording of Die schöne Müllerin in Hyperion's Franz Schubert Edition won the Gramophone's Solo Vocal Award for 1996. He won the prize again in 1998 for a recording of Robert Schumann Lieder with his regular collaborator, the pianist Julius Drake and again in 2003 for Schumann's Myrthen and duets with Dorothea Röschmann and Graham Johnson, as part of the Hyperion Schumann edition.

An EMI Classics exclusive artist since 1996, he is a 15-time Grammy Award nominee and 3-time winner. His CDs have won all of the major record prizes including Grammy, Edison, Japanese Recording Academy, Brit, South Bank Show Award, Diapason d'Or de l'Année, Choc de l'Année, Echo Klassik and Deutsche Schallplattenpreis. His recording of Schubert's "Die Forelle" with Julius Drake forms part of the soundtrack of the 2011 film Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. His album of Shakespeare Song for Warner Classics won the 2017 Grammy award and the Echo Klassik award for solo vocal.

Bostridge made his operatic debut in 1994, aged 29, as Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream with Opera Australia at the Edinburgh Festival, directed by Baz Luhrmann. In 1996, he made his debut with the English National Opera, singing his first Tamino (The Magic Flute). In 1997, he sang Quint in Deborah Warner's new production of The Turn of the Screw under Sir Colin Davis for the Royal Opera. He has recorded Flute (Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream) with Sir Colin Davis for Philips Classics; Belmonte (Die Entführung aus dem Serail) with William Christie for Erato; Tom Rakewell (The Rake's Progress) under John Eliot Gardiner for Deutsche Grammophon (Grammy Award); and Captain Vere (Billy Budd) (Grammy Award) with Daniel Harding. In 2007 he appeared at the ENO in the role of Aschenbach in Britten's Death in Venice, in a production by Deborah Warner.

1997–1999
In 1997, he made a film of Schubert's Winterreise for Channel 4 directed by David Alden; he has been the subject of a South Bank Show profile documentary on ITV and presented the BBC 4 film The Diary of One Who Disappeared about Czech composer Leoš Janáček. He has written for The New York Review of Books, The New York Times,The Guardian, The Times, Financial Times,The Times Literary Supplement, Opernwelt, Gramophone, BBC Music Magazine, Opera Now and The Independent.

Later engagements included recitals in Paris, Stockholm, Lisbon, Brussels, Amsterdam and the Vienna Konzerthaus. In North America he appeared in recitals in New York City at the Frick Collection in 1998 and Alice Tully Hall in 1999 and made his Carnegie Hall debut under Sir Neville Marriner. Also in 1998, he sang Vasek in a new production of The Bartered Bride under Bernard Haitink for the Royal Opera and made his debut at the Munich Festival as Nerone (L'incoronazione di Poppea) and in recital (Winterreise at the Cuvilliés Theatre). In 1999, he made his debut with the Vienna Philharmonic under Sir Roger Norrington. He works regularly with the pianists Julius Drake, Graham Johnson, Mitsuko Uchida, composer Thomas Adès and Covent Garden music director Antonio Pappano. Other partners at the piano have included Leif Ove Andsnes, Håvard Gimse, Saskia Giorgini, Igor Levit, and Lars Vogt.

Since 2000
In the summer of 2000 Bostridge gave the fifth annual Edinburgh University Festival Lecture entitled "Music and Magic".

In 2004, Bostridge was made CBE for his services to music. He is an Hon RAM, honorary fellow of Corpus Christi College,  St John's College, and Wolfson College Oxford, and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of St Andrews in 2003. He was Humanitas Professor of Classical Music and Education at the University of Oxford, 2014–15 (part of the Humanitas Programme). In 2020/21 he was a visiting professor at Munich's Hochschule for Music and Theatre. From 2022 on he is giving courses on Schubert Lieder at the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna.

He gave the inaugural Nicholas Breakspear lecture, "Classical Attitudes: Latin and music through the ages" at the University of Trondheim in 2015; and the annual BIRTHA lecture, "Humanity in Song: Schubert's Winter Journey" at the University of Bristol in the same year. He delivered the Lincoln Kirstein Lecture, "Song and Dance", at NYU in 2016. He gave the Berlin Family Lectures at the University of Chicago in April 2021.

Bostridge had his own year-long Perspectives series at Carnegie Hall in 2005/6, and a twelve-month residency at the Barbican in 2008, "Homeward Bound". He has had a Carte Blanche season at the Concertgebouw and further artistic residencies in Luxembourg, Hamburg, the Schubertiade Schwarzenberg and the Wigmore Hall.

On 11 November 2009 Bostridge sang Agnus Dei from Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, at the Armistice Day service in Westminster Abbey.  This uses the words of war poet Wilfred Owen's "At a Calvary near the Ancre". The service marked the loss of the WWI generation, whose last members died earlier the same year. Bostridge performed Kurt Weill's anti-war Four Walt Whitman Songs in 2014. He also has a long history with directing and performing The Threepenny Opera.

In 2013, he performed as part of the Barbican Britten centenary festival in London, and released a new recording of the composer's War Requiem.

Bostridge was for a time the music columnist for Standpoint magazine, the monthly publication launched in 2008 "to celebrate Western civilisation" and served on the magazine's advisory board. He has been Prospect magazine's classical columnist since 2023. He is a Youth Music Ambassador, a patron of the Music Libraries Trust and of the Macmillan Cancer Support Guards Chapel Carol Concert. Since 2023 he has been a trustee of the newly-founded London Centre for the Humanities.

A collection of his writings on music, A Singer's Notebook, was published by Faber and Faber in September 2011. It was described by philosopher Michael Tanner, in BBC Music Magazine: "A consistently lively, learned, urbane and passionate book, once opened not likely to be closed until you have read it all."

His bestselling book Schubert's Winter Journey: Anatomy of an Obsession was published by Faber and Faber in the UK and by Knopf in the US in January 2015. It has been published in German, Finnish, Dutch, Korean, Japanese, Italian, Swedish, Polish, Mandarin, simplified Chinese, Mandarin, French, Russian, and Spanish editions. It won the Duff Cooper Prize for non-fiction for 2015, the Prix Littéraire des Musiciens in 2018 and was named the best music book of the year in the Prix de la Critique 2017/18 (Association Professionelle de la Critique de Théâtre, Musique et Danse). It went on to win the Grand Prix France Musique des Muses in 2019.

In 2023 he sang the Evangelist role in a performance of J. S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion with the French ensemble Les Talens Lyriques and the Chœur de chambre de Namur conducted by Christophe Rousset, and also gave concerts of Shakespeare's songs.

His book Song and Self: A Singer's Reflections on Music and Performance was published in 2023 by Chicago University Press in the USA, Faber and Faber in the UK and C.H Beck in Germany (das Lied und das Ich); and will be published by Acantilado in Spain, Il Saggiatore in Italy and Artes in Japan.

Personal life
In 1992, Bostridge married the writer and publisher Lucasta Miller, and they have a son and a daughter. His brother is the  biographer and critic Mark Bostridge.

He lists his hobbies as reading, cooking, and looking at pictures.

Bibliography

Books

Song and Self: a singer's reflections on music and performance. Chicago University Press/Faber and Faber 2023

Book reviews

Critical studies and reviews of Bostridge's work
 Reviews Witchcraft and its transformations, c.1650–1750.

Select discography
The Folly of Desire with Brad Mehldau (Pentatone 2023)
Schubert: Schwanengesang with Lars Vogt (Pentatone 2022)
Tormento d'Amore with Antonio Florio and Cappella Neapolitana (Warner 2022)
Respighi, Songs with Saskia Giorgini (Pentatone 2021)
Schubert, Die schöne Müllerin with Saskia Giorgini (Pentatone 2020)
Beethoven: Songs and Folksongs with Antonio Pappano (Warner Classics 2020)
Schubert, Winterreise with Thomas Adès (Pentatone 2019)
Handel, Ode for St Cecilia's Day with Dunedin Consort (Linn 2019)
Berlioz, "Les Nuits d'Eté"; Ravel, "Shéhérazade"; Debussy/Adams, "Le Livre de Baudelaire", conducted by Ludovic Morlot with Seattle Symphony, (Seattle Symphony Media, 2019)
 Requiem (Butterworth, Stephan, Mahler, Weill) with Antonio Pappano (Warner Classics 2018)
 Schubert Songs 4 with Julius Drake (Wigmore Live 2018)
Schubert Songs 3 with Julius Drake (Wigmore Live 2017)
 Songs from Our Ancestors with Xuefei Yang (Globe Music, 2016)
 Shakespeare Songs with Antonio Pappano (Warner Classics, 2016)
 Brahms: the complete songs, volume 6 with Graham Johnson (Hyperion, 2015)
Schubert Songs 2 with Julius Drake (Wigmore Live, 2015)
Schubert Songs 1 with Julius Drake (Wigmore Live, 2014)
Bach: St John Passion with Stephen Layton, Polyphony and the OAE (Hyperion, 2013)
Britten: War Requiem" with Antonio Pappano, Anna Netrebko, Thomas Hampson, Accademia di Santa Cecilia (Warner Classics, 2013)
Britten: The Rape of Lucretia with Oliver Knussen (EMI Classics, 2013)
Britten Songs with Antonio Pappano and Xuefei Yang (EMI Classics, 2013)
Three Baroque Tenors Arias for Beard, Borosini and Fabri. Bernard Labadie (EMI Classics 2010)
Adès: The Tempest with Thomas Adès (EMI Classics, 2009)
Schubert: Schwanengesang with Antonio Pappano (EMI Classics, 2009)
Schubert: The Wanderer: Lieder and Fragments with Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI Classics, 2008)
Great Handel with Harry Bicket (EMI Classics, 2007)
Schubert: Lieder and Sonata with Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI Classics, 2007)
Wolf: Lieder with Antonio Pappano (EMI Classics, 2006)
Britten: Les Illuminations, Serenade, Nocturne with Simon Rattle (EMI Classics, 2005)
Schubert: 25 Lieder with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 2005)
Wagner: Tristan und Isolde with Antonio Pappano (EMI Classics, 2005)
Schubert: die Schöne Müllerin with Mitsuko Uchida (EMI Classics, 2005)
Schubert: Lieder and Sonata No.21 with Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI Classics, 2005)
Schubert: Winterreise with Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI Classics, 2004)
Monteverdi: Orfeo with Emmanuelle Haïm (Virgin Classics, 2004)
Purcell: Dido and Aeneas with Emmanuelle Haïm (Virgin Classics, 2003)
Vaughan Williams: On Wenlock Edge with Bernard Haitink (EMI Classics, 2003)
Schubert: Lieder and Sonata D850 with Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI Classics, 2003)
Mozart: Idomeneo with Charles Mackerras (EMI Classics, 2002)
Britten: Canticles & Folksongs with Julius Drake (Virgin Classics, 2002)
Britten: Turn of the Screw with Daniel Harding (Virgin Classics, 2002)
The Songs of Robert Schumann, Vol.7 with Dorothea Röschmann and Graham Johnson (Hyperion, 2002)
The Noël Coward Songbook with Jeffrey Tate (EMI Classics, 2002)
Schubert: Lieder volume II with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 2001)
Henze: Songs with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 2001)
Bach: Cantatas and Arias with Fabio Biondi (Virgin Classics, 2000)
Handel: L'allegro, il penseroso ed il moderato with John Nelson (Virgin Classics, 2000)
The English Songbook with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 1999)
Stravinsky: The Rake's Progress with John Eliot Gardiner (Deutsche Grammophon, 1999)
Bach: St Matthew Passion (Evangelist) with Philippe Herreweghe (Harmonia Mundi, 1999)
Schumann: Liederkreis & Dichterliebe etc. with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 1998)
Schubert: Lieder volume I with Julius Drake (EMI Classics, 1998)
Britten: Our Hunting Fathers with Daniel Harding, Britten Sinfonia (Warner Classics, 1998)
Schubert: Die schöne Müllerin (Schubert Edition, Vol.25) with Graham Johnson and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (Hyperion, 1996)
Britten: The Red Cockatoo & Other Songs with Graham Johnson (Hyperion, 1995)
Nyman: Noises, Sounds & Sweet Airs with Dominique Debart (Argo, 1995)
Vaughan Williams: Over Hill, Over Dale with Holst Singers and Michael George (Hyperion, 1995)

References

External links
Witchcraft and Its Transformations, c.1650-c.1750 (Doctoral thesis, at amazon.com)
About Ian Bostridge
FT profile May 2011
Guardian profile September 2011
Warner Classics artist page
Interview with Ian Bostridge by Bruce Duffie, 12 October 2000
Lunch with the FT
Askonas Holt artist page
Singing Schubert (YouTube).
Interview on The Next Track podcast

1964 births
Living people
British historians
British music journalists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English operatic tenors
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Grammy Award winners
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
People educated at Westminster School, London
The New York Review of Books people
Writers from London
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge

Ian Bostridge


Daniel Schneidermann (born April 5, 1958 in Paris) is a French journalist. He mainly reports about televised media. He is most active in weekly columns. Schneidermann has written in Le Monde and is presently in Libération. He also can be seen on the television program Arrêt sur images (Freeze-frame), broadcast by the public television channel France 5.

1958 births
Living people
Writers from Paris
French journalists

Daniel Schneidermann


The second family of the United States is the family of the vice president of the United States, who is second highest executive officer of the federal government of the United States. Members of the second family consist of the vice president, the second lady or second gentleman of the United States, and any of their children.

In the United States, the term "second family" in casual reference to the vice president's immediate family, is most often used by the media.

Kamala Harris, the 49th and current vice president of the United States and her immediate family is the current second family of the United States since January 20, 2021.

Residence

The second family is designated to live in the Number One Observatory Circle as the vice president's family, as well as for the sake of their protection and safety.

Protection

The second family is immediately entitled to Secret Service protection as the family of the vice president. Individually, each member of the first family is designated a Secret Service codename by the United States Secret Service. Used by special agents, these code names uniquely identify members of the first family for their ongoing protection.
American families

1960 births
Vice presidents of the United States

Second Family of the United States


Call of Duty: World at War is a first-person shooter video game. It was developed by Treyarch and published by Activision for the Playstation 2, Playstation 3, Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii and the PC. The game is set during World War II and is the fifth game in the popular Call of Duty series.

Call of Duty series
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
PlayStation 3 games

Call of Duty: World at War