Millom Heritage and Arts Centre, formerly known as the Millom Folk Museum and Millom Discovery Centre, is located in Millom, Cumbria, England. The museum has a full-scale drift mine exhibit and also houses information about the local poet Norman Nicholson, the Hodbarrow iron ore mines and social history all relating to Millom and nearby surrounding areas. The mining being responsible for the rapid growth of the village of Holborn Hill into the town of Millom by more than doubling the size of the settlement. It now has a RAF display, set up by the original founder of Haverigg RAF Museum, John Nixon. It also shows the men who died in World War 2 and has information about them

The museum is housed in Millom railway station buildings.

External links
 Millom Heritage and Arts - official site
 Entry in the 24 Hour Museum
 Visit Cumbria information
 Millom information website
The Cumbria Directory - Millom Folk Museum

Museums in Cumbria
Local museums in Cumbria
Millom

Millom Discovery Centre


The Yarımburgaz train disaster was a head-on collision of two trains that occurred near Yarımburgaz, Küçükçekmece, west of Istanbul in Turkey on 20 October 1957. With 95 dead and 150 wounded people, it is the worst train accident so far in the country.

Accident
At 22:45 hours local time on 20 October 1957, two passenger trains collided head-on on the single railway line at  west of İstanbul Sirkeci Terminal between the railway stations Yarımburgaz and Ispartakule. The east-bound motor train with the train number 3, composed of three diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars, departed from Edirne railway station at 16:00 hours local time heading for Istanbul. The west-bound train, the Simplon-Orient Express with train number 8, left Istanbul Sirkeci Terminal at 21:50 hours local time heading for Paris, France. It was composed of ten cars consisting of sleeper cars, couchette cars and saloon cars, and was pulled by a 2-8-0 steam locomotive, number 45501 of TCDD 45171 Class.

The signalman at Yarimburgaz railway station, Baki İnözü, cabled the movement of the west-bound train number 8 to the signaller at Ispartakule railway station, Cahit Fırat. As Fırat received the message, he knew immediately that both trains were in the same occupied block section, and a head-on collision would be inevitable, because he had just allowed the east-bound motor train to pass. Both signalmen hastily informed authorized officials around by phone about a possible collision, and requested sending of rescue teams to the railway line position at .

The collision occurred at  on the railway line from Istanbul Sirkeci Terminal, and almost completely wrecked the motor train. The cars meshed and bent accordion-like, and overturned. The express train suffered damage only in the front part of its first car. The crash was heard by a guard of the munition depot in the nearby 213th Infantry Regiment.

All the deaths and injuries were among the crew and passengers of the motor train. The passengers of the express train sustained relatively less harm.
95 people including five crew members of the motor train were killed and 150 passengers were injured.

Rescue
The operation management at Sirkeci Terminal ordered a rescue train to the accident scene as soon as they received the information about the accident. Fire engines were deployed from nearby Bakırköy Fire Department for fire risk on the spot. The fireman of the steam locomotive prevented a possible fire by removing the ember from the accident scene. The governor of Istanbul Fahrettin Kerim Gökay, Istanbul Chief of Police Hayrettin Nakipoğlu, Bakırköy District Prosecutor and Sirkeci Terminal Operations Deputy Director arrived at the crash scene right after the midnight to administer the rescue efforts. The prosecutor and the commander of the local gendarmerie started with investigation works. Both signalmen were arrested and sent to Bakırköy Court, charged for the main responsible persons of the accident.

Military units from around were ordered to take part in the rescue efforts. The smashed train wreckage had to be cut apart by oxy-fuel welding in order to recover the bodies of the dead and injured. The corpses were lined up beside the railway to enable their identification by the relatives. People with severe and less severe injuries were picked up and transported to the next Halkalı railway station by a train, which was specially sent to the accident scene at 23:30 hours local time. They were then advanced in ambulances to ten different major hospitals within Istanbul. 50 passengers, who received outpatient treatment, were released soon. The day after the accident, the newspapers published the names of the dead and injured. Some of the severely injured people died later in hospital.

Following the completion of the works for wreckage removal, the railway line was re-opened to traffic at 20:00 hours local time the next day.

Investigation and trial
An inspector of the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) prepared an accident investigation expertise for the court, in which the following failures were outlined:
 the steam locomotive of the Simplon-Orient-Express was not equipped with headlights,
 the cars of the motor train were old and wooden. They broke easily during the accident and contributed to the increased death toll, and
 the cars of the express train made an early braking impossible.

On 26 March 1959 the First Criminal Court in Istanbul found the signalmen Cahit Fırat 60% and Baki İnözü 40% of guilty, and sentenced them to three years and two-and-half-years in prison respectively. In addition, they were punished to fines of 2,250  and 2,000  respectively. The court ruled further that the TCDD pay compensation to the injured and relatives of the dead.

Legacy
The steam locomotive number 45501, which was involved in the deadliest train accident in Turkey, is exhibited at the outdoor Çamlık Railway Museum in Çamlık village of Selçuk district, Izmir Province.

References

1957 in Turkey
Accidents and incidents involving Turkish State Railways
History of Istanbul Province
Küçükçekmece
October 1957 events in Europe
Passenger rail transport in Turkey
Railway accidents in 1957
Train collisions in Turkey

Yarımburgaz train disaster


Ravicherla is a village in Nuzvid Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a peaceful village with about 1300 people living in it. Most of the people living here work on agriculture. The main crops are mango and paddi. This village has different religions including Hinduism, Christianity and Islam.

In recent times, youths in this village are very interested in Information techology (IT) and getting good education and income in this field. Its a great place to learn many things in life. No of people are settled in IT profession from this small village. There are MBA's, MCA's and B.tech minds which come from this village, mainly favouritism for Tekugu Desam Partty and Nandamuri fans especially for Junior NTR

Villages in Andhra Pradesh

Ravicherla


Smith v. Allwright  (1944), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The decision made it unconstitutional to keep African Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. By extension it covered white primaries in all states. It overturned Grovey v. Townsend (1935) which had allowed the Democratic party to hold all-white primaries that excluded black voters.

The all-white primary
The Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution gave African Americans freedom from slavery, citizenship and the right to vote. But many former slave states came up with ways to keep blacks from voting. These included poll taxes, literacy tests and complex voter registration laws. While these worked in most southern states, it did not work in Texas. The party needed the Hispanic vote but wanted to exclude blacks. They needed also to split the black and hispanic vote. Texas, like most southern states, was a one-party state. The Democratic party controlled politics. The state and local primary elections decided which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Democrats in Texas used the "white primary" to serve their purposes. It prohibited non-whites from joining the Democratic party and taking part in primary elections. It could be used also to exclude Mexican Americans in areas of the state where the party did not need them. The Reconstruction Amendments applied to the state. But in Grovey v. Townsend the state of Texas was allowed to pass on its responsibility for protecting black voter rights to a private organization—the Democratic party. This allowed Texas to use the all-white primary.

The case
In another decision, Grovey v. Townsend (1935), the Supreme Court decided that the Democratic Party was a private organization. Their state convention could decide who can be a member. Lonnie E. Smith, a Houston dentist, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) decided to fight this decision.

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the court overturned the Grovey ruling. A majority of the justices decided that the Democratic party was more than a private organization. It was a part of the election process in Texas. For this reason the court said that it was  unconstitutional to stop African Americans from voting in the Democratic primary.

References

Other websites
 Smith v. Allwright - Impact
 Smith v. Allwright, The Oyez Project

United States Supreme Court cases

Smith v. Allwright


The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet is a 2013 adventure-drama film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and co-written with Guillaume Laurant, an adaptation of the 2009 book The Selected Works of T. S. Spivet written by Reif Larsen. The film stars Helena Bonham Carter, Judy Davis, Callum Keith Rennie, and Kyle Catlett.

Plot

T.S. Spivet is a 10-year-old boy and budding cartographer living on a secluded, rural Montana ranch with his moody older sister, his pretentious entomologist mother, and his emotionally distant and quiet wannabe cowboy father. Lonely and often ignored and belittled by the people around him – even his own teacher, who envies the boy's talent – T.S. spends most of his time playing, making amateur inventions, and meandering around the ranch with the family dog, Tapioca. T.S. reveals that he had a fraternal twin brother, Layton, who was much more into cowboy-themed things, like his father, but not as scientifically inclined as T.S. was. A tragedy unfolds as T.S. describes how he and his brother were out playing in an old barn on the property.

T.S. receives notice from the Smithsonian Institution, all the way across the country in Washington, that he has won the Baird Award for inventing a perpetual motion machine. Ms. Jibsen, the museum director, believes that T.S. is a grown man, and that the little boy on the telephone is the son of the prize-winner. Initially reluctant, T.S. decides that the best course of action is to run away from home to receive the prize. Before leaving, he packs a suitcase and takes one last look at Layton's old bedroom, a shrine of dusty toys and furniture that his parents are unable to bring themselves to throw away. T.S. passes his sister and his father upon leaving, who are both too wrapped up in their own daily routines to notice him.

That day, T.S. travels initially by train, hitching a ride in one of the rail cars, where he plays and imagines that Layton is still there with him, clear enough for a conversation. After nearly being caught by a guard at the train station, T.S. realizes that he needs to be careful, opting to sleep in an auction show camper that's being transported (there's a life-sized cardboard stencil of a family eating dinner that he can mimic so a guard looking in thinks he's just part of the art). He only leaves the camper at night, in search of food, where he meets a hobo going by the moniker "Two Clouds". Two Clouds tells the boy a whimsical story of a sparrow and a pine tree, suggesting that everybody reaches the right destination for themselves eventually. T.S. contemplates using a nearby payphone to call his family, but he can't bring himself to do it.

The next day, T.S. walks along the railroad tracks with his backpack (having stored his suitcase in a nearby electrical grid box), when a fat, mean-spirited policeman begins chasing him and shouting profanities at him. T.S. is forced to climb atop a separating bridge where a boat is passing through. Realizing that maybe he went too far, the policeman panics when T.S. nearly falls to his death, instructing him on how to climb back up to safety, but once T.S. is safe, he goes right back to chasing him again. T.S. eventually loses him, where he hitchhikes with a friendly trucker named Rick, a man who enjoys meeting people and chronicling this in photography. T.S. realizes, after inquiring about a photo of Rick in military garb pointing a machine gun at an Arab man's head, that Rick was a soldier post-9/11. Rick tries to downplay the experience with dark humour. Allowing T.S. to sleep on the truck, he notices that the boy is injured from nearly falling off the bridge earlier that day, and advises him to see a doctor.

After Rick drops him off in Washington, T.S. meets Ms. Jibsen at the Smithsonian. Skeptical that the boy could possibly be the one who invented the motion machine, T.S. proves her wrong by describing his scientific process. T.S. fibs and says he's an orphan, fearing that his parents will show up and be angry at him if they discover where he is. Ms. Jibsen, basking in T.S.'s spotlight, insists on being his new guardian and accompanying him to the conference where he'll be given the Baird Award. She often speaks over him though, much like most of the adults in his life do, which annoys him. He sits at a table alone during the conference, but is suddenly swarmed by a crowd of admirers when it's discovered that he's the boy who made the prizewinning invention.

T.S. gives a speech, where he eventually reveals that Layton shot himself in the barn, bringing his audience to tears. He admits, sobbing, that nobody ever even talks about Layton anymore, as if his brother never even existed. Unbeknownst to him, his mother watches from the rafters, having driven to Washington to find him. When T.S. appears on a sensationalist talk show later on, the host, Roy, is interrupted by T.S.'s mother, much to Ms. Jibsen's anger when she realizes that she can't be in charge of T.S. anymore. After a tense reunion, T.S. hugs his mother, but as they both leave, Roy and Ms. Jibsen chase after them. Ms. Jibsen, having gotten herself drunk, swears at T.S. and insults him. T.S.'s father appears and punches out Roy for harassing his son, while T.S.'s mother punches Ms. Jibsen. T.S. apologizes for hurting his father's feelings, but his father smiles at him and gives him a piggyback ride, letting the boy wear his favourite cowboy hat.

Back at home, it's revealed through T.S. in an epilogue that his mother just gave birth to a new baby. T.S. puts his skills to the test and invents an even better perpetual motion machine than the last one, and shows how it's used to rock his new infant sibling's cradle on the front porch.

Cast

Production
After writing and directing Micmacs, Jeunet preferred his next film to be based on an existing story. Before Larsen's book was published, he had shortlisted several of his favourite directors to make a film based on the book, and was contacted by Jeunet. Filming was done from June to October 2012, mainly in Quebec and Alberta, Canada, with some scenes in Washington, D.C., and Chicago. The Franco-Canadian production was Jeunet's first 3D film. Also, a track from the videogame Mass Effect 3 called "Leaving Earth" was used during TS's speech at the Institute.

Release
Rights for the 2015 U.S. release were sold to Harvey Weinstein. Weinstein had requested cuts to the film which the director refused to make. Jeunet claims that the release was hobbled by Weinstein, and as a result, the film did not do as well as it should have.

Reception

Box office
In France, the film was released on 16 October 2013. It collects 676,900 entries during its theatrical run.  The film was released in the United States on 31 July 2015. In total, the film accumulated just over $7.6 million in worldwide box office, including approximately $5.6 million in France and approximately $100,000 in the United States, for a budget of $26 million.

Critical response
The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet received generally positive reviews from critics. , the film holds a 76% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 51 reviews with an average rating of 6.02/10. The site's critical consensus reads "The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet brings its bestselling source material beautifully to life, offering a blend of visual thrills and poignant pathos that help tie the film together despite an occasional surfeit of quirk." On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 53 out of 100, based on 11 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Awards
At the 39th César Awards, the film won the award for Best Cinematography.

Home media
The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 4 June 2014 in France, and on 3 November 2015 in the United States. It was also released on Blu-ray in Hong Kong in 2015. Only the French and Hong Kong Blu-ray releases contain the 3D viewing option.

References

External links

2013 films
2010s English-language films
2010s adventure drama films
French adventure drama films
Canadian adventure drama films
Cross Creek Pictures films
Films directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet
Films based on American novels
Films shot in Alberta
IMAX films
English-language French films
English-language Canadian films
2013 drama films
2010s Canadian films
2010s French films
Foreign films set in the United States

The Young and Prodigious T. S. Spivet


The following is a list of characters from the sci-fi/drama Quantum Leap, created by Donald P. Bellisario.

Character duration

Main characters

Dr. Samuel Beckett
 Dr. Samuel Beckett (Scott Bakula) – The mastermind behind Project Quantum Leap who leaps back and forth within his own lifetime, putting things right that once went wrong. See main article for more.

Admiral Albert Calavicci
 Rear Admiral Albert Calavicci (Dean Stockwell) – Sam's right-hand man who appears in the form of a hologram that only Sam can see and hear. See main article for more.

Ziggy
 Ziggy (voiced by Deborah Pratt) – The supercomputer Sam designed to run Project Quantum Leap. The computer has a feminine personality and a massive ego; the latter feature is an accomplishment Sam is particularly proud of, as it makes Ziggy much more than a simple number-crunching machine. In early episodes, it is suggested that Ziggy is the computer's operator. But when Sam speaks to Ziggy directly, it shows that Ziggy is a self-operating computer who is capable of recognizing and expressing human emotions. Ziggy is programmed with historical information through Sam's life and has access to outside databases, and is able to project the likely effect of Sam's actions on history. While Al is with Sam, he gets information from Ziggy through a faulty handheld device. Al can get information from Ziggy through this device, or by simply asking out loud (Al sees whatever location Sam is in as a holographic projection and is always physically in close proximity to Ziggy).

Recurring characters

Project Quantum Leap

 Dr. Donna Eleese (Teri Hatcher, age 19 / Mimi Kuzyk, age 45) – Born Donna Wojohowitz, she is Sam's wife and director of Project Quantum Leap in her husband's absence. Originally, Donna was not involved with the project, until Sam altered history, thus ensuring her involvement and getting rid of the Committee (see below).
 Dr. Irving "Gooshie" Gushman (Dennis Wolfberg) – Project Quantum Leap's head computer programmer and senior operations coordinator. A quirky man, Gooshie is often described as "a little guy with bad breath". He is the butt of jokes between Sam and (especially) Al. When he is seen, he tends to be in a state of worry due to Sam's present situation. Gooshie once filled in for Al as Sam's holographic contact when Al was busy attempting to track down a murderer who escaped the waiting room.
 Dr. Verbena Beeks (Candy Ann Brown) – The project's head psychiatrist. It is her job to work directly with the person Sam displaces when he leaps as they are often in a state of shock and panic when they arrive.
 Tina Martinez (Gigi Rice) – Tina is a medical technician that works on the Project. No one can enter the Imaging Chamber or the Accelerator Chamber without first being inspected by her. She is Al's girlfriend and is also having a secret affair with Gooshie. In the episode where Sam accidentally erased Al from existence, she was married to Gooshie.
Edward St. John V (Roddy McDowall) – When Sam changed history and accidentally erased Al from existence, Edward St. John V appeared as his holographic contact. After correcting the error, Al reappeared. Whether or not St. John works on the Project outside of that alternate timeline is unknown.
 Samantha Josephine "Sammy Jo" Fuller (Kimberly Cullum, age 11) – Project technician who works on the project. She is the biological daughter of Sam and Abigail Fuller, conceived during a leap into Abigail's fiancé in 1966. Only the child-version of Sammy Jo is ever seen. Sammy Jo spends her life believing that Abigail's former fiancée is her biological father, and she is never told anything different. Sam figures out that Sammy Jo is his daughter, and Al confirms this through Ziggy. Child Sammy Jo resembles Abigail at the same age, but with Sam's hair colour. She has a fascination with time travel and has a photographic memory, and bonds easily with Sam. Sam has no memory of meeting adult Sammy Jo, even though she works on the project with him. Ziggy's prediction that Sam will forget this secret when he has his next leap comes true. This means that only Al knows the truth about Sammy Jo's parentage.
 Senator (Warren Frost) – The head of a government oversight committee that tried to shut down Project Quantum Leap when Sam failed to stop the downing of a U-2 spy plane.
 Senator Diane McBride (Alice Adair) – Although he failed to stop the U-2, Sam did change history and Senator Diane McBride became the head of the oversight committee and ruled to continue the Project's funding. Al witnesses the former Senator change into Diane. He immediately realizes that this was the result of Sam changing the timeline, but is the only person who is aware of it. He never mentions what he witnessed to anyone.
 The Committee – Led by men named Weitzman and Bartlett, the committee oversaw Project Quantum Leap until Sam altered history, bringing Donna onto the Project, assuring government funding and eliminating the need for the Committee.

Friends and Family
 John Samuel Beckett (Newell Alexander/Scott Bakula) – Sam's father, a gruff but kind dairy farmer in Elk Ridge, Indiana. He was named after his grandfather, a Civil War officer. When Sam leaps into his teenage self, he recalls that his father had died a few years later due to poor health. Sam fails in getting him to quit smoking and eat better.
 Thelma Louise Beckett (Caroline Kava) – Sam's mother. After her husband's death, she moved to Hawaii to live with her daughter and her second husband.
 Lieutenant Thomas "Tom" Beckett (David Newsom) – Sam's older brother who was killed in Vietnam on April 8, 1970, until Sam changed history and kept his brother alive. However, this resulted in Al not being rescued and being held as a prisoner of war. His first wife then believed Al to have been killed in action and moved on with another husband, not knowing that Al was trying to get back to her.
  Katherine "Katie" Beckett (Olivia Burnette) – Sam's younger sister. To get away from trouble at home, she married an abusive alcoholic named Chuck at a young age. Years later she divorced him and eventually married an Air Force officer, Lieutenant Jim Bonick. After John Beckett's death, Thelma lived with Katie and Jim.
 Beth Calavicci (Susan Diol) – Al's first wife and the only woman he ever truly loved. When Sam meets Beth during a Season 2 leap, she believes that she is widowed as her husband, who was serving in military action in the Vietnam war, had been reported missing in action and presumed dead. Al pressures Sam into stopping her forming a relationship with another man, insisting that "her husband" was still alive. Sam figures out Beth's identity and refuses to fulfill Al's request, deeming it to be selfish. In his next two leaps, Sam tries to save his own brother in the Vietnam war. This accidentally thwarts a rescue attempt that would have rescued Al, causing him to become a war prisoner. When Al is freed and returns home, he learns that Beth thought he was dead and had remarried, so he chooses to leave her alone. Sam is given a chance to put this right, and then assures Beth that her husband Al is alive and is trying to get back to her.
 Sammy Jo Fuller – Sam's daughter due to his leaping. See 'Project Quantum Leap' above.
 Captain John Beckett (Scott Bakula) – Captain John Beckett is a civil war officer and Sam's great-great grandfather. Sam leaps into him, making him the only leapee to have existed outside of Sam's own time. While he represents the North, he is taken hostage by a supporter of the Southern Army. Al confirms through Ziggy that his abductor is the Captain's future wife and Sam's great-great grandmother, who must ensure that she falls in love with the Captain. Otherwise Sam would prevent his own birth and potentially stop Project Quantum Leap from ever beginning and undoing every change Sam ever made.

Antagonists
In Season 5, Sam discovers a leaper from another project. This leaper project seems to follow the same structure and scientific principles as Quantum Leap, but is dedicated to the opposite goal of putting wrong what once went right. The participants sometimes make reference to unspecified authority figures who torture them greatly if they fail.

 Alia (Renée Coleman) – Sam's counterpart, a beautiful and deadly woman who is leaping around in time, committing terrible acts in an attempt to get home. Alia and Sam see each other as their respective leapees until they make physical contact. The first time Sam touches Alia, their genuine identities are revealed simultaneously.  After meeting and failing to kill Sam twice, Alia abandons her old ways and tries to escape the ones controlling her leaping with Sam's help. At the end of "Revenge of the Evil Leaper" her leap is accompanied by a blue hue rather than her usual red hue, implying she has escaped the Evil Leaper project. It is implied that Alia was an unwilling participant in the project.
 Zoey (Carolyn Seymour) – Alia's holographic partner. She is a cruel and sadistic woman who, after Alia breaks free of their project's control on her, leaps back in an attempt to kill Alia herself. Unlike Sam and Al, Zoey is clearly in charge of her respective pairings. She manipulates Alia and cares little about her feelings. While Zoey is a hologram, she can see Sam if Alia can (due to her being tuned in to Alia's brainwaves), but Sam remains unable to see or hear her.
 Thames (Hinton Battle) – When Zoey leaped, a darkly comical man named Thames became her hologram.
 Lothos – The other project's computer system, analogous to Ziggy, though unlike her seems to have more control over his respective project and their members.  Though never seen on the screen he had a rather strong influence on the Evil Leaper project as those who worked under him regarded him as knowing everything and never making mistakes.  Like Ziggy however he seemed to have some sort of ego as he was capable of regret as it was said he regretted sending Alia as the Leaper and regarded it as a mistake.  Lothos seemed capable of having direct control over the leapers as Zoey once claimed to Alia that he could send her "back to her worst nightmare", and Alia once feared that he himself put her in the women's prison.  He also was capable of causing simultaneous torture to both Alia and Zoey through two points in time.  However he was not all powerful as he was unable to stop Sam from rescuing Alia from the project, and was once Jammed from performing a search and lock due to special circumstances.

Guest characters
Below is a list of all of the people displaced during Project Quantum Leap, commonly referred to as "Leapees" by fans of the show.

Season 1
 Captain Thomas "Tom" Stratton (Layne Beamer) – Air Force test pilot on a program to break faster than Mach 3. Appeared in "Genesis Part 1" and first half of "Genesis Part 2".
 Timothy "Tim" Fox (Tim Martin) – A minor league baseball player near the end of his career. Appeared in the second half of "Genesis Part 2"
 Dr. Gerald Bryant (John Tayloe) – A once-respected English Lit. professor having an affair with one of his students. Appeared in "Star-Crossed".
 Clarence "Kid" Cody (Michael Strasser) – A professional boxer on the take from the mafia.
 Dr. Daniel Young (Sloan Fischer) – A large animal veterinarian in rural Texas.
 Frankie La Palma (Page Mosely) – A handsome Mafia hitman.
 Geno Frascotti (Michael Genovese) – A feared Mafia don.
 Jesse Tyler (Howard Matthew Johnson) – A black chauffeur/houseman to a wealthy, elderly Southern woman.
 Cameron Wilson (Scott Menville) – A teenaged gearhead.
 Nick Allen (Tony Heller) – A private investigator in love with his late partner's wife.

Season 2
 A firefighter – A firefighter rescuing an old woman's cat from a tree.
 Lieutenant Thomas "Tom" McBride (Ron Chabidon) – A New York police detective on his honeymoon to Niagara Falls.
 Chad Stone (Kevin Light) – A professional movie stuntman.
 Charlie MacKenzie (Bill Arnold) – A recently discharged sailor returning home with a Japanese war bride.
 Samantha "Sam" Stormer (LaReine Chabut) – A professional secretary at a Detroit automotive manufacturing company.
 Andrew Ross (Bill Burdin) – A blind classical concert pianist.
 Chick Howell (Douglas Ibold) – A deejay at a rock-n-roll radio station.
 Rabbi David K. Basch (John J. Reiner) – A rabbi trying to guide his family through a difficult time.
 James "Jimmy" LaMotta ‡ (Brad Silverman) – A dockworker with Down syndrome.
 Leonard Dancey (Travis Michael Holder) – A lawyer defending a black woman accused of murdering her white lover.
 Raymond "Ray" Hutton (Michael Carl) – An actor traveling with a road show of Man of La Mancha.
 Dr. Timothy Mintz (Donald P. Bellisario) – A paranormal researcher investigating a possible haunting.
 Knut "Wild Thing" Wileton (Jeff Benson) – A college student, fraternity president and all-around party animal.
 Linda Bruckner (Molly Meeker) – A real estate agent and single mother.
 Eddie Vega (Corey Smith) – A high school football quarterback.
 Peter Langly (Mark Marigian) – An FBI Agent guarding a federal witness.
 George Washakie (Jim Jaimes) – A Native American man who is on the run with his dying grandfather.
 Melvin Spooner (Marvyn Byrkett) – A mortician/coroner investigating the death of a young woman.
 Charlie "Black Magic" Waters (Robert "Rags" Woods) – An ageing professional pool shark.
 Victor Panzini (Ted Nordblum) – A performer in a once-famous aerial act.
 "Buster" (Jay Boryea) – A bouncer helping his girlfriend kidnap a baby.
 Phillip Dumont (Kent Phillips) – A man trying to win back his ex-wife from her mafia fiancé.
 Detective Jacob "Jake" Rawlins (Doug Bauer) – A San Diego narcotics detective.

Season 3
 Sam Beckett (Adam Affonso) – Sam's 16-year-old self.
 Herbert "Magic" Williams (Christopher Kirby) – Navy SEAL stationed in Vietnam.
 Father Frank Pistano (Bud Sabatino) – A recently ordained Catholic priest.
 Karl Granson (Danny McCoy, Jr.) – A professional fashion photographer.
 Joshua Rey (Chris Ruppenthal) – A horror novelist.
 Darlene Monty (Theresa Ring) – Miss Sugar Belle, a contestant in the Miss Deep South pageant.
 Raymond "Ray" Harper (Garon Grigsby) – A black medical school student with a white girlfriend.
 Harry Spontini (Dan Birch) – A professional magician fighting for custody of his daughter.
 Shane "Funny Bone" Thomas (Kristopher Logan) – A member of a roving motorcycle gang.
 Reginald Pearson (Milan Nicksic) – The personal assistant to a ruthless businessman.
 "Butchie" Rickett (Buff Borin) – A 13-year-old boy on vacation with his family.
 Billie Jean Crockett (Priscilla Weems) – A pregnant teenager estranged from her father.
 Kenny Sharpe (Matt Marfoglia) – An actor on the children's television series Time Patrol.
 Rod McCarty (Chris Solari) – A performer with the Chippendales dance company.
 Joey DeNardo (Sam Clay) – A lounge musician working under the name Chuck Danner.
 Gilbert LaBonte (Richard White) – The owner and proprietor of the LaBonte Quilting and Sewing Academy (a front for a brothel).
 Jeffrey "Tonic" Mole (Bruce Michael Paine) – The lead singer of a glitter rock band, King Thunder.
 Gordon O'Reilly (Ken Kells) – A professional bounty hunter.
 Jesus Ortega (Stephen Domingas) – A death row inmate.
 Terry Sammis (Jeff Hochendoner) – A wrestler performing under the name Nikolai Russkie.
 Eddie Elroy (Patrick M. Bruneau) – A college student and part-time atom bomb shelter salesman.
 Sam Bederman – A depression patient at a mental hospital.

Season 4
 Captain Thomas "Tom" Jarret 1 (Dean Denton) – A recently liberated WWII prisoner of war.
 A stand-up comic – An entertainer working the Catskills dealing with a bitter custody hearing.
 Lester Fuller (Owen Rutledge) – A minor league baseball player trying to get back into the majors.
 Archie Necaise (Bob Hamilton) – A police deputy working in a town in the path of a hurricane.
 Clyde (Glenn Edden) – A civil servant and recent inductee into the Ku Klux Klan.
 Frank Bianca (Robert Jacobs) – A professional hairdresser born Maurice Liptschitz.
 Katie McBain (Cheryl Pollak) – A rape victim.
 Bobo (a chimpanzee) – A chimpanzee in the early stages of Project Mercury.
 Detective Jack Stone (David Garrison) – A police detective working on a gruesome murder investigation.
 William "Billy" Beaumont (Ted Baader) – A con-artist claiming that he can make rain.
 Chance Cole (Mark Kemble) – A prisoner being held past his sentence at a forced labor camp.
 Joseph "Joe" Thurlow (Will Schaub) – A young actor in a relationship with an attractive older woman.
 Thomas "Tommy" York (Beau Windham) – A Naval cadet under investigation for being a homosexual.
 Dylan Powell (Harker Wade) – An aging television reporter covering the story of a serial murder.
 Tyler Means (Paul Bordman) – A former Old West gunslinger with an old partner who has come looking for revenge.
 Cherea (Tiffany Jameson) – A member of a rhythm and blues girl group.
 Eddie Brackett (Mark McPherson) – The co-pilot of a small aircraft over the Bermuda Triangle.
 Roberto Guttierrez (Andrew Roa) – A sensationalist reporter with a bizarre talk show.
 Max Greenman (Ross Partridge) – A taxi driver ferrying a woman claiming to be an angel.
 Kyle Hart (Patrick Lowe) – A soap opera actor kidnapped by an obsessed fan.
 Dr. Dale Conway (Rodger LaRue) – An archeologist uncovering a cursed tomb in Egypt.
 Davey Parker (Rafe Battiste) – A stand-up comedian with a loud-mouthed partner.
 Ensign Al "Bingo" Calavicci (Jamie Walters) – A Naval pilot on trial for the murder of a superior officer's wife.

Season 5
 Lee Harvey Oswald (Willie Garson) – An emotionally disturbed man believed to be the sole assassin of President John F. Kennedy.
 Clint Hill (Himself (archival photographs)) – A Secret Service agent on President Kennedy's protection detail.
 Nikos Stathatos (Socrates Alafouzos) – A sailor marooned on an island with a beautiful but shrewish heiress.
 Ronald Miller (Michael Carpenter) – A double-amputee recovering at a military hospital.
 Leon Stiles (Cameron Dye) – A serial killer holding a woman and her daughter hostage.
 Maxwell "Max" Stoddard (Douglas Stark) – An old man with a UFO fixation.
 James "Jimmy" LaMotta (Brad Silverman) – a previous Leapee with Down syndrome.
 Connie LaMotta ² (Laura Harrington) – Homemaker and sister-in-law to Jimmy LaMotta
 Sheriff Clayton Fuller (James Whitmore, Jr.) – Small town sheriff with a troubled but loving daughter.
 Deputy Sheriff William "Will" Kinman (Travis Fine) – Deputy sheriff trying to protect his fiancée from an angry mob.
 Lawrence "Larry" Stanton III (W.K. Stratton) – Lawyer defending a woman for the murder of her long-time aggressor.
 William "Willie" Walters, Jr. (Daniel Engstrom) – Part of a trio of bank robbers with a room full of hostages.
 Martin "Marty" Elroy – A traveling salesman with two wives and families on the verge of meeting.
 Margaret Sanders – A homemaker and casual participant in the Women's Liberation Movement.
 Dr. Ruth Westheimer (herself) – Famous sex therapist.
 Lord Nigel Corrington (Robert MacKenzie) – Eccentric artist and occultist believed to be a vampire.
 Arnold Watkins (Tristan Tait) – A college student moonlighting as a heroic vigilante, the Midnight Marauder.
 Dawn Taylor ² (Raquel Krelle) – A college student dating the head of a fraternity.
 Elizabeth "Liz" Tate (Cynthia Steele) – A prison inmate accused of murdering another inmate.
 Angela Jensen ² (Laura O'Loughlin) – A prison inmate accused of murdering another inmate.
 Clifton Myers ³ (Sam Scarber) – The warder of a women's prison that sexually abuses the prisoners.
 Dennis Boardman (Stephen Bowers) – Bodyguard to Marilyn Monroe.
 Henry Adams (Mike Jolly) – A Vietnam veteran living in isolation in the mountains.
 Captain John Beckett (Rob Hyland) – Sam's ancestor fighting in the Civil War.
 Elvis Presley (Michael St. Gerard) – 19-year-old amateur musician on the verge of getting discovered.

‡ Sam leaped into Jimmy again at a later date.
1 Displaced by Al and later by Sam.
² Displaced by Alia.
³ Displaced by Zoey.

References

External links

Quantum L

List of Quantum Leap characters


Philip IV (French: Philippe IV; 23 June 1268 — 29 November 1314) nicknamed the Fair (French: le Bel), the Handsome (French: le Beau), and the Iron King (French: le Roi Fer) was the King of France from 1285 until his death in 1314. As a result of his marriage to Queen Joan I of Navarre, he was also the King of Navarre and Count of Champagne (as Philip I) from their marriage in 1284 until Joan's death in 1305. He was the second son of King Philip III of France and Isabella of France. As the second son, he was never expected to become king. However, his older brother Louis died in 1276 when Philip was eight years old. Therefore, Philip became the Dauphin. In 1285, his father died and Philip became king.

Philip, seeking to reduce the wealth and power of the nobility and clergy, relied instead on skillful civil servants, such as Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny, to govern the kingdom. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his upstart vassals by wars and restricted their feudal privileges, paving the way for the transformation of France from a feudal country to a centralized early modern state. Internationally, Philip's ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs, and for much of his reign he sought to place his relatives on foreign thrones. Princes from his house ruled in Hungary, and he tried and failed to make another relative the Holy Roman Emperor.

The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include a dispute with the English over King Edward I's fiefs in southwestern France, and a war with the County of Flanders, who had rebelled against French royal authority and humiliated Philip at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302. The war with the Flemish resulted in Philip's ultimate victory, after which he received a significant portion of Flemish cities, which were added to the crown lands along with a vast sum of money.

Domestically, his reign was marked by struggles with the Jews and the Knights Templar. In heavy debt to both groups, Philip saw them as a "state within the state" and a recurring threat to royal power. In 1306 Philip expelled the Jews from France, followed by the total destruction of the Knights Templar the next year in 1307. To further strengthen the monarchy, Philip tried to tax and take control of the French clergy, leading to a violent dispute with Pope Boniface VIII. The ensuing conflict saw the pope's residence at Anagni attacked in September 1303 by French forces with the support of the Colonna family. Boniface was captured and held hostage for a number of days. This eventually resulted in the transfer of the papal court to the  enclave of Avignon in 1309.

His final year saw a scandal amongst the royal family, known as the Tour de Nesle affair, in which Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused of adultery. His three sons were successively kings of France: Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. Their rapid successive deaths without surviving sons of their own would compromise the future of the French royal house, which had until then seemed secure, precipitating a succession crisis that would eventually lead to the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).

Philip was a successful king. His long struggle with the Roman papacy ended with the transfer of the Curia to Avignon, France, beginning the Avignon Papacy (1309–77). He also secured French royal power by wars on barons and neighbours and by restriction of feudal usages.

He was, by all accounts, an impressive ruler. Some Italian writers detested him and his line, but most contemporaries acknowledged his piety and good intentions, although many of them disapproved of his wars, his taxes, and his influential advisers. He left behind a stable and a powerful country.

1268 births
1314 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
People from Fontainebleau

Philip IV of France


Pack Up Your Troubles is a 1932 pre-Code Laurel and Hardy film directed by George Marshall and Raymond McCarey, named after the World War I song "Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit-Bag, and Smile, Smile, Smile". It is the team's second feature-length film.

Plot
In 1917, Stan and Ollie are drafted into the American Expeditionary Force to fight in World War I. Their ineptitude during basic training antagonizes the drill sergeant and they are assigned to kitchen duties. When they ask the cook where they should put the garbage cans he sarcastically tells them to take them to the general. They take him at his word and put them in the general's private dining room. The cook, who is thrown in the stockade with them, curses their "snitching" and threatens them with violence after they are released. They escape his wrath when they are shipped to the trenches in France.

Serving close to the front line, they befriend soldier Eddie Smith, who received a Dear John letter from his wife before shipping out. When Eddie is killed in action, the boys determine to rescue Eddie's daughter from her brutal foster father and deliver her to Eddie's parents, with whom he was estranged. Meanwhile they distinguish themselves in combat by losing control of a tank and accidentally forcing a German platoon into the open where they are captured.

After the Armistice, Stan and Ollie venture to New York City to retrieve the girl and look for Eddie's parents. Using the city telephone directory, the task proves both monumental and problematic (Smith being the most common surname) as the boys blindly attempt to visit each Smith until they find the grandparents. After taking punches from an annoyed prizefighter and disrupting a society wedding, they resort to telephoning first.

While operating their lunch wagon, the boys are approached by an unpleasant civil servant who demands Eddie's child so that she can be placed in an orphanage. The boys refuse, and the man says he will return with the police to have the boys arrested.

They try to secure a loan with their lunch wagon to finance their escape to another city, but the banker says that he'd have to be unconscious to make such a deal. While laughing, he topples a bust onto his own head and knocks himself out. Taking this as approval, the boys take what they need from the bank vault.

Tailed to their apartment by the police, the boys unsuccessfully try to hide Eddie's daughter in a dumbwaiter. The police bring the three of them to the banker for identification, but when they turn out their pockets the banker finds a photograph of Stan and Ollie with Eddie and recognizes him as his own son. The banker is the Smith they have been seeking all along! On learning that the little girl is his granddaughter, the banker drops the charges and invites them as his guests for dinner. The cook storms out of the kitchen to tell his boss that he will not adjust the service on a moment's notice, and recognizes Laurel and Hardy as the "snitches". The cook chases them away with a large kitchen knife.

Cast
 Stan Laurel as Stan
 Oliver Hardy as Ollie
 Don Dillaway as Eddie Smith
 Jacquie Lyn as Eddie's Baby
 Mary Carr as Old Woman With Letter
 James Finlayson as General
 Richard Cramer as Uncle Jack
 Adele Watson as Annie
 Tom Kennedy as Recruiting Sergeant
 Charles Middleton as Welfare Assistance Officer
 Richard Tucker as Mr. Smith Sr
 Muriel Evans as Wrong Eddie's Bride
 Grady Sutton as The Wrong Eddie
 C. Montague Shaw as Wrong Eddie's Father
 Billy Gilbert as Mr. Hathaway
 Charley Rogers as Rogers
 George Marshall as Pierre (uncredited)

Production

References

External links

 Spanish lobby poster(archived)

1932 films
1930s war comedy films
American war comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by George Marshall
Films directed by Ray McCarey
Laurel and Hardy (film series)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Military humor in film
Western Front (World War I) films
Films about the United States Army
1932 comedy films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
English-language war comedy films

Pack Up Your Troubles (1932 film)


The TF-2000-class destroyer is a projected anti-air warfare guided-missile destroyer currently undergoing development by the Turkish Naval Institute. The class will provide survivability in the presence of aerial threat and also support mission functions such as command, control, and communications, reconnaissance, early warning, surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare and electronic warfare. Moreover, once in service, the TF-2000s are slated to be an integral part of Türkiye's expeditionary strike groups centered around the TCG Anadolu LHD and the country's future aircraft carrier(s). The TCG Anadolu is to be followed up by the TCG Trakya light aircraft carrier and President Erdoğan has also hinted at the construction of a larger aircraft carrier that is to be designed in cooperation with Spain. These capital vessels require destroyer escorts to defend them against enemy aircraft, ships and submarines; in other words, the perfect role for the TF-2000s once these new designs are slated for operational service by 2038. On 5 December 2007, Defence Industry Executive Committee approved plans to build six ships of this class (4 fixed, 2 optional). In January 2013, it was announced that Turkey was planning to acquire a total of 8 TF-2000 destroyers, which was confirmed at the  International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2021. With the realization of the project, it is intended to improve the anti-air warfare (AAW) capabilities of the Turkish Navy.

Description
At the moment, preliminary studies are conducted and configuration of the platform is being evaluated. The project necessitates high-level engineering and technology applications and also a long term realisation period with novel project management processes. Meanwhile, in-country development of the main sensor, multi-function phased array radar is targeted to be achieved with the aim of maximum local content contribution, in close cooperation with universities, defense industry and national research institutions. With a similar project management approach implemented in the MILGEM project, the entire realisation period of the TF-2000 project also purposes to nurture the in-country technology and engineering applications as well as the nationalisation of the critical systems for the national defence industry. In February 2011, the feasibility studies of the submitted RFI documents were completed, stepping forward to the development of a project model.

Armament
These warships are multi-mission destroyers able to conduct anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) with SIPER surface-to-air missiles; tactical land strikes with GEZGIN cruise missiles; anti-submarine warfare (ASW) with towed array sonar, anti-submarine rockets, and ASW helicopters; and anti-surface warfare (ASuW) with Atmaca missiles.

The TF-2000 will incorporate almost every technological achievement made by Türkiye in the field of naval systems in the last decade, including an indigenous vertical launch system (VLS) fitted with domestic surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and Gezgin land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs) and (notably) directed-energy weapons including high-energy lasers (HELs).

These capabilities would allow the TF-2000 to engage high-value targets at ranges over 1000 kilometres away using its land-attack cruise missiles, to establish anti-access/area denial zones with up to 64 150+km-ranged SAMs and sixteen 220+km-ranged anti-ship missiles (AShMs) and defend friendly ships against enemy AShMs using its onboard high-energy lasers. The TF-2000s can also act as host platforms for unmanned systems including up to four missile-toting armed unmanned surface vessels (AUSVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). The TF-2000 will also likely be the first Turkish naval ship class to operationally deploy the indigenous Şahi-209 electromagnetic rail gun. The TF-2000 will boast an indigenous 127mm main gun, sixteen 220 km-ranged Atmaca AShMs, 64 VLS cells for 150+km-ranged SIPER surface-to-air missiles (among other SAMs) and 1000+km-ranged Gezgin land-attack cruise missiles, 324mm Orka lightweight torpedoes, two Aselsan 35mm Gökdeniz CIWS, two Meteksan Nazar high-energy lasers, chaff decoy systems, two weapon stations for UMTAS anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and four remote weapon stations.

Passive defences
The class will feature an extensive radar and sensor suite of domestic origin to detect enemy targets so that missiles can be directed towards them, including towed array sonar, multi-function radar, illumination/fire control radar, long range radar and electronic scanning systems.

Missiles under evaluation
Atmaca (SSM)
RIM-156 SM-2 Block IV (SAM)
RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (SAM)
RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile (CIWS-PDMS)
VL ASROC (ASW)
ROKETSAN Gezgin Land Attack (Cruise) Missile
G-40 Surface To Air Missile
Naval version of Hisar-U with extended range
Aselsan STAMP
Electromagnetic Railgun or 127 mm Naval Gun

Countermeasures under evaluation
Directed Energy Weapons
Directional Infrared Counter Measures

Sensors under evaluation
 ASELSAN ÇAFRAD ÇFR (Çok Fonksiyonlu Radar) / (Multi-function radar)
 ASELSAN ÇAFRAD AYR (Aydınlatma Radarı) / (Illumination/fire-control radar)
 ASELSAN ÇAFRAD UMR (Uzun Menzilli Radar) / (Long range radar)
 ASELSAN ÇAFRAD IFF (Elektronik Taramalı IFF)

Aircraft
Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

See also
 Guided missile frigate
 Anti-air warfare

References

External links
 Turkish Navy R&D Projects *
 Turkish Navy Official Website
 Bosphorus Naval News

Tf2000 Class Destroyer
Tf2000 Class Destroyer
Destroyer classes

TF-2000-class destroyer


Phir Hera Pheri () is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language comedy film written and directed by Neeraj Vora. It serves as the sequel to Hera Pheri (2000) and second installment of the Hera Pheri franchise. It stars Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty and Paresh Rawal reprising their roles from the previous film with Bipasha Basu, Rimi Sen, Johnny Lever and Rajpal Yadav. The plot follows, a twist of fate changes the lives of Raju, Shyam and Baburao when they get cheated by a fraudster Anuradha. They must now find another way to repay the loan taken from a dreaded gangster called Tiwari. The central plot is copied from the 1998 film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and  The Circus.

Upon its release on 9 June 2006, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the 8th highest grosser of the year.

Over the years, the film has attained a cult status and significant fan following across generations owing to Akshay Kumar's comic timing as well its supporting casts like Rawal, Lever and Yadav. It is now considered a milestone in comedy films, as well as one of the best sequels ever made.

Plot
Hera Pheri ended with the trio of Raju, Ghanshyam alias Shyam, and Baburao Ganpatrao Apte (fondly called as Babu Bhaiya); rich and rolling in money. Phir Hera Pheri tells the story of what happens after they become wealthy.

The film opens with a prologue bringing the audience up to raisin, stating that each has suffered a personal loss despite their new riches. Shyam lost his only love Anuradha Shivshanker Panikar in an accident, Raju lost his ailing mother, and Babu Bhaiya - having nothing to lose in the first place - lost the little traces of common sense that he did possess.

The three men are living a lavish life in a massive mansion and splurging on various luxuries. Raju hears about an idea for doubling his wealth in 21 days from a con woman, Anuradha, who is claiming to be a bank manager, and she convinces Shyam and Babu Bhaiya to go along with it. Raju first arranges for ₹30 lakh from Shyam and Babu Bhaiya and then a further ₹50 lakh by selling their bungalow. He convinces a small-time goon, Pappu, to contribute the remaining balance of ₹20 lakh so that he can come up with the minimum deposit of ₹1 crore, which Anuradha has promised to double.

The trio invests the money and three weeks later realizes that it was all a scam and that they are now penniless. To make matters worse, they do not even have possession of their bungalow, which Raju had sold off to arrange the last bit of money needed, and have to live in a chawl (tenement). Pappu shows up at the bungalow the next day to pick up his portion of the money but is shocked to learn that Raju has left and the bungalow is now in possession of a Parsi gun collector. Pappu is now in trouble because he had borrowed money from a lisping but dreaded gangster, Tiwari, who will kill him if he doesn't pay up.

He comes across Raju one day, and upon hearing of the scam pretends to be sympathetic. He tricks him and brings the three to his boss, telling him that they are the ones who took the money. Tiwari threatens them and tells them they have to come up with the money or else they will die. As they are being taken home by some of Tiwari's goons, the three manage to escape. Raju, Shyam, and Babu Bhaiya are about to leave the city when Raju remembers that he owes money to a woman named Anjali Patekar. The three head over to her house and are surprised to find that she is Pappu's sister. Tiwari's goons show up and kidnap Anjali because Pappu has not returned the money. Feeling guilty that he is the one who got Anjali in trouble, Raju decides that he will go to Tiwari and try to get her freed. Shyam and Babu Bhaiya refuse to leave without them and decide to stay as well. The three go back to Tiwari to ask him to release Anjali, and Tiwari tells them to bring the money, releasing Anjali.

Raju, Shyam, and Babu Bhaiya now have three days to come up with ₹40 lakh to pay back the goon, or else they will themselves be killed. Raju overhears the neighbor, Munna Bhai, plotting to steal drugs from another gangster, Nanji Bhai, and wrongly assumes they are talking about stealing money. Raju hatches a plan for the three of them to steal from Munna Bhai. The three manage to succeed barely but are confused when they do not find money inside. Raju recognizes stuff like drugs and tells them that they are worth at least ₹3 crores (thirty million). They think that if they can sell them to Kachra Seth and pay off Tiwari, they can also become rich. They then run into Anuradha, and she tells them that the entire scam was hatched by Kabira (the gangster from the first Hera Pheri) and his close aide Chhota Chetan to get revenge on the trio and that the only reason she went along with it was that they were holding her niece hostage (Anuradha's sister was Kabira's gang member and part of the first film's kidnapping plot). Their money was converted to diamonds to pay the ransom, but she fled with them once she discovered her niece had escaped and hid them under a decoration of a circus train (named "Kook-Doo-Koo"). Meanwhile, Munna's men find the drugs the trio stole and take it back. Tiwari's men then reach to collect the money at the same time the trio return with Anjali and Anuradha, who Tiwari's men then kidnap. After planning on using fake suitcases to trick Nanji Bhai into giving them money and then pay off Tiwari's loan with that money, the trio summon Tiwari and his men and Nanji Bhai and his men to arrive at Royal Circus; Pappu and his men, Munna Bhai and his men and Chhota Chetan and his men all overhear and travel to Royal Circus. The Parsi gun collector sees Munna with his guns and follows him to the circus as well, while the group of actors that drop the trio off to the circus hear about the money there and decide to follow as well.

The trio first trick Nanji Bhai and his men with the empty suitcases and take the money, which they open to discover it's fake. With no other choice, they decide to give it to Tiwari, hoping he will assume it's fake. He does, and frees Anuradha and Anjali, but after Nanji discovers the empty suitcase, he confronts the trio and gets into an argument with Babu Bhaiya, who mistakenly reveals the money is fake. Munnai Bhai and his men, Pappu and his men, Chhota Chetan and his men, the Parsi gun collector and the group of actors all reach. The trio take the drugs and run away from them all as a chase ensues. During the chase, everyone hears about Anuradha's diamonds and begin to look for it, but they are strewn all over the ground in public by a gorilla. Soon the cops reach the spot, and they arrest Tiwari, Pappu, Kachra Seth, Nanji Bhai and Chhota Chetan. Raju, Shyam, and Babu Bhaiya flee along with Anjali, Anuradha, and her niece. Raju escapes with the bag containing the three antique guns with him, not knowing the bag also has Pappu's cellphone.

Pappu informs Shyam and Babu Bhaiya that the guns are worth 6 crores, guns, after which they try to call Raju on Pappu's cellphone. The film ends on a cliffhanger as Raju, not knowing the value of the guns, attempts to throw them while Pappu's cellphone, which he discovered earlier, rings in his mouth.

Cast
Akshay Kumar as Raju
Suniel Shetty as Ghanshyam ″Shyam″
Paresh Rawal as Baburao Ganpatrao Apte (Babu Bhaiya)
Bipasha Basu as Anuradha
Rimi Sen as Anjali Patekar, Pappu's sister
Johnny Lever as Goon Munna / Dhotar Chor
Sharat Saxena as Gangster Tiwari / Totla Seth, Pappu's boss
Manoj Joshi as Kachra Seth
Milind Gunaji as Nanji Bhai
Rajpal Yadav as Pappu Patekar, Anjali's brother
Ravi Kishan as Gangster Chhote, Tiwari's sidekick
Suresh Menon as Peter Singh, Nanji's most trusted sidekick & Munna's secret informer
Dinesh Hingoo as Parsi Gun Collector
Tiku Talsania as Police Officer (special appearance)
Javed Khan Amrohi as Khetwadi Police Chowki Constable
Razak Khan as Chhota Chetan, Kabeera's sidekick
Gulshan Grover as Gangster Kabeera (archive footage)
Kashmira Shah as Kabeera's Gang Member and Anuradha's sister (archive footage)
Sunil Pal as Kishan Verma, Munna's sidekick
Kiku Sharda as Kanji Singh, Munna's sidekick
Viju Khote as Ravana from Ram-Leela, troupe member
Madan Singh as Tiwari's tall henchman (voice dubbed by Shailendra Pandey)
Manmouji as Ram-Leela Troupe Member
Jagdeep Singh as Headless Giant
Mukesh Ahuja as Circus Magician
Nana Patekar as Narrator
Diya Mirza as an Item Girl in the song "Pyaar Ki Chatni" (special appearance)
Neeraj Vora as the Bus Passenger speaking on the Phone (special appearance)
Ghanshyam Rohera as Bus Conductor (special appearance)

Soundtrack

The music was composed by Himesh Reshammiya, with lyrics written by Sameer. The soundtrack album was released by T-Series.

The song "Aye Meri Zohrajabeen" was only seen in the end title credits. The song became so popular that it was added in the movie later. The dream sequence of Rawal was added following the song.

According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 10,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fifteenth highest-selling.

Track listing

Awards

Box Office
Film received positive reviews from critics and earned 70 Crore INR at the end of its theatrical run & it was a box-office blockbuster.

Sequel
A sequel titled Hera Pheri 3 is planned, but the production was postponed after director Neeraj Vora died on 14 December 2017 after a prolonged illness. After the response from Firoz Nadiadwala, the sequel is under production and will be released soon.

On 23 May 2018, it was confirmed that Hera Pheri 3 will now be directed by Indra Kumar and star the same team of Akshay Kumar, Sunil Shetty, and Paresh Rawal in the lead. It was reported that the film will be shot on a start-to-finish schedule and Kumar confirmed to The Indian Express that the film will be ready for release in the second half of 2019 (but it didn't release in 2019). The film will continue the story of the previous two. Later, Indra Kumar left the project for unknown reasons and confirmed that Priyadarshan, who directed the first movie, will return as the director of the third.

On 21 February 2023, Sudden news of  much awaited Hera Pheri 3 came into light directed by Farhad Samji, Later a picture gone viral which is said to be from promo set. Hera Pheri 3 is starring the legendary trio of Akshay Kumar as Raju,Sunil Shetty as Shyam and Paresh Rawal as Baburao.

References

External links

2006 films
2000s Hindi-language films
Indian sequel films
Indian buddy comedy films
Indian films about cannabis
2000s buddy comedy films
Films about the illegal drug trade
Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya
Films directed by Neeraj Vora
2006 comedy films
Circus films
Indian crime comedy films

Phir Hera Pheri


was the pen-name of a scholar and translator of French literature in Taishō and Shōwa period Japan. His real name was Komaki Ōmiya.

Early life
Komaki was born in Tsuchizaki-Minato town, Akita prefecture, as the son of a politician. He dropped out of middle school in order to accompany his father to an international conference of legislators in France, and stayed on, working his way through the Law Department of Paris University. He was greatly influenced by the philosophy of Romain Rolland and the Clarté ("Clarity") movement of the French novelist, Henri Barbusse, which encouraged him to participate in pacifist activities.

Literary career
Komaki returned to Japan in 1919 and founded the literary magazine Tane Maku Hito ("The Sowers") in October 1921, named after the famous painting by the French artist Jean-François Millet. He used this as his platform to promote his pacifist and Marxist ideals through poems and essays, many of which he wrote. He was one of the first Japanese members of Comintern, and a pioneer in the Proletarian literature movement. The movement attracted the attention of Arishima Takeo, and other noted leftist writers. In 1924 another literary magazine Bungei Sensen ("Literary Battlefront") spun out from the original Tane Maku Hito group.

When Komaki had spare time from promoting communist revolution and avoiding the thought police, he worked at translating works of French literature into Japanese. His most noted works are translations of Charles-Louis Philippe's Dans la Petite Ville and André Gide's biography, Charles-Louis Philippe.

After World War II, Komaki became a professor at Hosei University, and continued to pursue his pacifist and Marxist philosophies.

His works include Ikoku no Senso (Other Countries' Wars) and Furansu Kakumei Yobanashi (Evening Conversations on the French Revolution).

Komaki relocated from Tokyo to Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture in 1925. He later spent some years in French Indochina, but returned after World War II to Kamakura, where he lived until his death in 1978 at the age of 84.

See also
Japanese literature
List of Japanese authors

References
 Hojo, Tsunehisa. Tane maku hito Komaki Omi no seishun. Chikuma Shobo (1995).  (Japanese)
 Keene, Donald. Dawn to the West. Columbia University Press (1998).

1894 births
1978 deaths
Comintern people
Japanese communists
Japanese essayists
Japanese pacifists
Japanese translators
Japanese writers
Marxist writers
Academic staff of Hosei University
Writers from Akita Prefecture
People from Akita (city)
20th-century translators
Proletarian literature
20th-century essayists

Ōmi Komaki


Afonso Henrique da Costa Guimarães, known as Alphonsus de Guimaraens; (July 24, 1870 in Ouro Preto – July 15, 1921 in Mariana) was a Brazilian poet.

The poetry of Alphonsus de Guimaraes is substantially mystical and involved with Catholicism. His sonnets display a classical structure, and are profoundly religious. They become increasingly sensitive as he explores the meaning of death, of the impossible love, of solitude and of his inadequacy regarding the world. However, the mystical tone marks in his works a feeling of acceptance and of resignation towards life, suffering and pain. Another characteristic aspect of his work ids the use of spirituality in relation to the feminine figure, which is considered to be an angel, or a celestial being. As a result of that, Guimaraes shows himself not one as a Symbolist but also a follower of Neo-romanticism.

His works, predominantly poetic, made him one of the main Symbolist authors in Brazil. In reference to the city he spent most of his life in, he is also called the "loner of Mariana", his "ivory tower of Symbolism" ("o solitário de Mariana" and "torre de marfim do Simbolismo", respectively, in Portuguese).

Biography

Afonso Henriques da Costa Guimarães was born on July 24, 1870, in the city of Ouro Preto in Minas Gerais. He was son of a Portuguese trader, Albino da Costa Guimarães and Francisca de Paula Guimarães Alvim, niece of the Romantic writer Bernardo Guimarães. He enrolled in 1887 in the engineering course of his city. During his early life he suffered the premature loss of his cousin and fiancée, Constança, a fact that deeply affected him emotionally and physically.

Sick, he moved to São Paulo in 1891 to study Law in the University Largo do Francisco. There he collaborated with the local newspapers Diário Mercantil, Comércio de São Paulo, Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo and A Gazeta and attended Vila Kyrial, where the young Symbolists gathered. After three years, he returned to Ouro Preto, graduating in Law in 1894. In 1895, in the city Rio de Janeiro, Guimaraes met João da Cruz e Sousa, a poet whom he already admired, and became a close friend of him. In 1897, he marries Zenaide de Oliveira.

In the year of 1899, he premiered in literature with two volumes of verses: Septenário das Dores de Nossa Senhora e Câmara Ardente and Dona Mística; both showing clear Symbolistic influences. In 1902 he published Kiriale, under the pseudonym of Alphonsus de Guimaraens; this opened opportunities in the literary world, giving him recognition, however restricted. He had been working as substitute judge in Conceição do Serro, but in 1903 he lost his position, which led him to grave financial difficulties.

After refusing a prominent position in the newspaper A Gazeta, Alphonsus de Guimaraens was appointed to direct the political newspaper of Conceição do Serro, where he would collaborate with his brother Archangelus de Guimaraens, Cruz e Souza and José Severino de Resende. In 1906, he became judge of Mariana, a job he would exercise for the rest of his life.

He lived his last years with his wife Zenaide de Oliveira, with whom he had 14 children. He was occasionally visited by a few friends and admirers, until his death on July 15, 1921, in Mariana.

Works
 Septenário das Dores de Nossa Senhora e Câmara Ardente (1899)
 Dona Mística (1899)
 Kiriale (1902)
 Pauvre Lyre

Posthumous
 Pastoral aos crentes do amor e da morte (1923)
 Escada de Jacó
 Pulvis
 Salmos da noite
 Poesias (1938).
 Jesus eu sei que ela morreu, Viceja...
 Teste

References

External links

1870 births
1921 deaths
19th-century Brazilian male writers
19th-century Brazilian poets
20th-century Brazilian male writers
20th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
Brazilian Roman Catholics
University of São Paulo alumni
People from Ouro Preto

Alphonsus de Guimaraens


The Church of St Mary and St Edward is an Anglican parish church in Barrow Gurney, Somerset, England. It was built in the 12th century, but largely rebuilt in the 1880s, and has been designated as a Grade II* listed building.

The church was originally connected to the neighbouring Barrow Gurney Nunnery which became Barrow Court. It was originally built in the 12th century but was virtually rebuilt by Henry Woodyer 1887–90 for Henry Martin Gibbs son of William Gibbs of Tyntesfield.

It has a three-stage west tower surmounted by pinnacles and a spirelet. There is a two bay chancel, with a Cosmati work floor and four bay nave.

In 2013 an appeal was made for funds to help make repairs to the church including redecoration and servicing of the organ, which was largely unchanged since its construction by Vowles of Bristol around 1890.

The parish is part of the benefice of Long Ashton with Barrow Gurney and Flax Bourton within the deanery of Portishead, and the archdeaconry of Bath.

See also
 List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells

References

12th-century church buildings in England
Church of England church buildings in North Somerset
Grade II* listed churches in Somerset
Grade II* listed buildings in North Somerset

Church of St Mary and St Edward, Barrow Gurney


See also 1714 in piracy, other events in 1715, 1716 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.

Events

Caribbean Sea
 December, 27th- Henry Jennings and five vessels from the Bahamas (including Charles Vane's) attack Spanish salvage teams recovering the remains of the Spanish 1715 Treasure Fleet, plundering 350,000 pieces of eight.  Threatened with prosecution by Jamaica governor Lord Archibald Hamilton on account of their piracy, Jennings and his men reoccupy the abandoned island of New Providence in the Bahamas.
 Undated - Spanish forces attack and disperse logwood cutters at Campeche and British Honduras; many of the ousted loggers turn pirate.

Deaths
William Dampier, buccaneer and triple world-circumnavigator (born 1651).

References

Piracy
Piracy by year
1715 in military history

1715 in piracy


Gornji Suhor pri Metliki (; ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Metlika in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia, right on the border with Croatia. The entire area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Gornji Suhor to Gornji Suhor pri Metliki in 1953. The name literally means 'upper Suhor near Metlike', distinguishing the settlement from neighboring Dolnji Suhor pri Metliki (literally, 'lower Suhor near Metlike'). The settlement was attested in written sources in 1477 as Suchar (and as Gornÿ Zwhor in 1593, and Ober Süchor in 1610). The name Suhor is derived from the adjective suh 'dry'. This most likely refers to a dry creek rather than reference to a hypocorism. The settlement was known as Obersuchor bei Möttling in German in the past.

History
In 1610, the village had eight farms and it belonged to the Dominion of Metlika. During the Second World War, after the Italian base in Dolnji Suhor pri Metliki was destroyed, the Partisans set up a regional committee and a shoe-making workshop in Gornji Suhor pri Metliki because of its more secluded location. The commands of various Partisan units also bivouacked in the settlement. Water mains were installed in the village in 1956.

References

External links
Gornji Suhor pri Metliki on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Metlika

Gornji Suhor pri Metliki


Józef Zaremba (c.1731 - 1774) was a Polish noble (of the Zaremba coat of arms) and general. He fought on the side of the Bar Confederation. he took part in the siege of Częstochowa, battle of Kościan and the battle of Widawa. Defeated in 1772 at the battle of Piotrków he surrendered to the king. He received the rank of the general afterwards, but did not see any action before his death.

He died as a result of burns he sustained in a new, thermic bath.

1731 births
1774 deaths
Bar confederates
Polish generals

Józef Zaremba


The LaFayette Motors Corporation was a United States-based automobile manufacturer. Founded in 1919, LaFayette Motors was named in honor of the Marquis de la Fayette, and LaFayette autos had a cameo of the Marquis as their logo.

History
LaFayette was originally headquartered in Mars Hill, Indianapolis, Indiana, and made luxury motor cars, beginning in 1920. LaFayette innovations include the first electric clock in an auto. In 1921, Charles W. Nash became president of LaFayette. Nash was already president of Nash Motors, but for a time the two brands remained separate companies, although Nash Motors was the principal LaFayette Motors stock holder. In the 1920s rumors circulated about Pierce-Arrow merging with LaFayette, Rolls-Royce or General Motors.

In 1922, LaFayette's facilities were moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

In 1924, Nash Motors became full owner of LaFayette Motors, and the name was retired soon after. Its factories were quickly put to a new, more profitable use: the manufacture of Ajax motor cars.

In 1934, Nash re-introduced the LaFayette name, this time for a line of smaller, less expensive autos. In 1935, Nash introduced a series known as the "Nash 400" to fill the perceived price gap between the LaFayette and the Nash. By 1937, it was determined that this perceived gap wasn't so important after all, and that Nash Motors was marketing too many models. The LaFayette and the Nash 400 were combined into a single model called the Nash LaFayette 400 for 1937, and the LaFayette ceased to be regarded as a separate make of car. For 1938, this became simply the Nash LaFayette, and the LaFayette line continued as Nash's lowest-priced offering through 1940. For 1941, the LaFayette was replaced by the all-new unibody Nash 600.

See also
List of automobile manufacturers

References

External links

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Indianapolis
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Wisconsin
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1919
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
Nash Motors
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana
1920s cars
Vintage vehicles
Pre-war vehicles

LaFayette Motors


Of Unknown Origin is a 1983 psychological horror film directed by George P. Cosmatos, and starring Peter Weller, Jennifer Dale, Lawrence Dane, Maury Chaykin, and Shannon Tweed. Based on the 1979 novel The Visitor by Chauncey G. Parker III, it focuses on a mild-mannered Manhattan banker who becomes increasingly obsessive and destructive in his attempts to kill a rat loose in his renovated brownstone. The film's title refers to the misconception (repeated in the film) that rats have no known origin.

A co-production between Canada and the United States, the film was primarily shot in Montreal, with some additional shooting taking place in New York City. The film was released theatrically on November 24, 1983 by Warner Bros.

Plot
Bart Hughes, a mild-mannered investment banker in New York City, moves with his wife Meg and their son Peter into a brownstone he helped to renovate. Meg's wealthy father invites the family to a vacation in Vermont, but Bart declines, preferring to work on a project that should get him a promotion. Shortly after his wife and child leave, Bart learns that the project has been assigned to another employee, James Hall. Bart is outraged, until his boss, Eliot Riverton, assigns him the important task of writing a reorganization plan for the company's branch offices, due in two weeks. Eliot also invites Bart to join him at a dinner party for the bank's Los Angeles branch manager the following Thursday.

That evening, Bart discovers a leak from the dishwasher that floods his kitchen floor. Clete, the superintendent of a neighboring apartment building, determines that the hole in the drainage hose was caused by a rat. He also informs Bart that rats can survive almost anything, including an atomic explosion, and warns that the females are twice as vicious as their male counterparts. Bart sets traps for the critter that evening, but when he examines them the next day, the bait has been removed and the traps are badly damaged. He spends his lunch break at the library researching rat behavior, and although he is horrified by the revelations, he shares them at the dinner party that evening, ruining the appetites of the other guests.

Unable to find an exterminator on short notice, Bart seeks help from a hardware salesman, who recommends the use of poison. Meanwhile, the rat creeps through the house, leaving behind a path of destruction. Bart wakes in the middle of the night and is terrified by the sight of the rat inside the toilet bowl. He flushes the toilet, but the animal survives and makes its way back into the house. The next evening, Bart searches for his nemesis in the basement, and finds a litter of newborn rat pups; confirming the rat is indeed female. When Bart kills the pups, he narrowly escapes the mother rat's retaliation.

At the office, Eliot compliments Bart on the quality of his work, but asks if the tight deadline is causing him stress. Bart assures Eliot that his troubles are not work-related, and they will soon be under control. After work, Bart shares a taxicab with his secretary, Lorrie Wells, and invites her into his home. Lorrie expresses admiration for Bart's handiwork, then asks if his recent troubles are related to his marriage. Bart responds by kissing Lorrie, but she is distracted by the sound of the scurrying rat and is anxious to leave. Afterward, Bart notices a stray cat outside the front door and takes it in; hoping it will eliminate the invader. Days later, when he discovers the brutally cat slaughtered, Bart makes another unsuccessful attempt to hire an exterminator. He telephones Meg, begging for her return, but she has no desire to shorten her vacation.

The next morning, Bart enters the basement, armed with a baseball bat; but quickly retreats, realizing he is no match for the creature. Bart is further daunted upon finding the report he has been preparing for the last week, chewed to pieces. Unshaven and disheveled, Bart approaches Eliot in the lobby of the office building, and declares that his first priority is to address his troubles at home. Eliot asks only that Bart not allow the other employees to see him in his current condition.

Bart injures his hand while retrieving a rattrap, and drinks whiskey in the bathtub until he falls asleep. He dreams of a happy reunion with his family, interrupted by the rat attacking Meg, and Peter accidentally ingesting poison. As Bart regains consciousness, the creature descends from the ceiling, forcing him to take refuge on a hammock suspended above the bedroom floor. Meg attempts to reach him by telephone, as does Eliot, but neither is successful; as the rat has severed the line. Donning leg and arm pads, and reinforcing his baseball bat with nails and the jaws of broken rattraps, Bart enters the basement to face his nemesis. He swings wildly at the rat, rupturing pipes and flooding the basement. Bart continues his pursuit as the rat enters a scale model of the house, which he pummels with the bat until the creature is dead. He walks through his vandalized living room to the front door, as Meg and Peter return home. When Meg inquires about the damage to their home, Bart replies, "I had a party."

Cast

Production

Development
The screenplay is based on the 1979 novel The Visitor by Chauncey G. Parker, which focuses on a rat that takes control of a banker's home. Screenwriter Brian Taggert was hired by executive producer Pierre David to adapt the novel for the screen. Taggert had previously written the slasher film Visiting Hours (1982) for David, and had been hired for that project after producer and assistant Denise Di Novi saw one of Taggert's plays being performed in Los Angeles.

Taggert based the character of Bart Hughes on his own stepfather, whom he described as being obsessed with cleanliness and order. He devised the title based on a Webster's Dictionary definition of "rat", which denoted the species as being of "unknown origin."

Casting
Director George P. Comsatos convinced Peter Weller to star in the film, which he pitched as a survival story. "Both stories parallel each other," Weller said. "The ambition of the guy with his job draws comparisons to the guy who is trying to kill this rat at the expense of his house. The theme of it all is to survive at all costs."

The film marked the acting debuts of both Shannon Tweed and Aimée Castle.

Filming
Principal photography began November 16, 1982 in Montreal, with a few days of location shooting in New York City. The majority of the film was shot on a 7,000 square foot set, recreating the interior of a Manhattan brownstone, created by production designer Anne Pritchard. The majority of the film was shot in-sequence, so that the set could be systematically "maimed" as the story progressed.

Release

Box office
Of Unknown Origin was given a limited regional release in Fresno, California, beginning September 30, 1983. It later premiered in New York City and Los Angeles on November 23, 1983, and opened in Canada on November 25, 1983. During its opening November 23 weekend in the United States, the film earned $540,446. It ultimately grossed $1,080,470 in the United States.

Critical response

Vincent Canby of The New York Times had nothing but disdain for the movie, but lightly praised Weller's performance and opens his review: "Peter Weller, one of our best young stage and screen actors, is not at all bad in a rather terrible, Canadian suspense-horror film mysteriously titled Of Unknown Origin." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times praised the film, describing it as "a visual tour de force... Of Unknown Origin is just fast, taut and darkly comic enough not to seem preposterous. Instead, it takes on the credibility of a nightmare. As a result, it is amazingly well sustained."

Writer Stephen King is a fan of Of Unknown Origin, and has named it one of his favorite horror films.

, the film holds a 68% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on eight critical reviews.

Accolades
Peter Weller won the Best Actor Award at the 1983 Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film, for his performance, with director George P. Cosmatos winning the Grand Prix prize for Best Feature.

Home media
Warner Bros. released the film on DVD in 2003. Scream Factory released the film on Blu-ray for the first time on May 22, 2018, featuring a new 2K scan from an interpositive element.

See also
 List of films featuring home invasions

References

Sources

External links

1983 horror films
1983 films
1980s psychological horror films
1980s English-language films
1980s Canadian films
Canadian natural horror films
Canadian psychological horror films
English-language Canadian films
Films about finance
Films about mice and rats
Films based on American novels
Films directed by George P. Cosmatos
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Montreal
Films shot in New York City
Warner Bros. films

Of Unknown Origin


Photonics is the science of and technology using photons, the fundamental particle of light. The word's etymology comes from the Greek word "phos", meaning light, and the suffix "-ics", meaning 'matters relevant to'. The etymology is similar to that of the field of Electronics, in which electrons are the main physical particle used in the science and technology.

Photonics technologies respond to the needs of humankind by providing access to information, promoting sustainable development, and increasing societal health and well-being. It has many applications across medicine, communications, entertainment and culture. In recognition of this, UNESCO proclaimed 2015 the International Year of Light  and since 2018, 16 May the International Day of Light.

References

Light

Photonics


Kabir Ali (born 24 November 1980) is an English former cricketer. A right-arm seam bowler and useful lower-order right-handed batsman, he played one Test match for England in 2003, while also earning 14 ODI caps between 2003 and 2006.

He started his playing career in 1999 at Worcestershire, spending 12 years in the first-team squad, before stints at Hampshire and Lancashire, where he retired in 2015. He is the first cousin of fellow cricketers Kadeer Ali and Moeen Ali, both of whom used to play alongside Kabir for Worcestershire, and is currently employed as the assistant coach of Yorkshire.

Early life and career
Kabir is the first cousin of cricketers Kadeer Ali and Moeen Ali, both of whom used to play alongside Kabir for Worcestershire. After serving his apprenticeship in Worcestershire's Second XI and for the county's Board XI in the 38-County Cup for a couple of years, Kabir Ali made his first-class debut in a drawn game against Middlesex in September 1999. He bowled respectably enough, taking 2–36 and 1–22, but the match's lateness in the season robbed him of the chance to push for a regular place in the first team. Despite several appearances in the Benson & Hedges Cup in April 2000, including an impressive 4–29 on List A debut, Kabir spent most of the first part of that season still in the second team, although by the summer he had pushed his way into the full XI. Also in 2000, Kabir was awarded the NBC Denis Compton Award for the most promising young Worcestershire player.

Domestic success and international selection
Over the following few years, Kabir gradually established himself as a hard-working bowler who was dedicated to his craft. His best period to date has been 2002–3; he took 138 first-class wickets in those two English seasons, including eight five-wicket innings hauls. International recognition first came during the 2002-3 winter, when he was invited to tour Australia with the ECB National Academy. It was thus unsurprising that he was selected to play for England in 2003, making his One Day International debut against Zimbabwe that July – although the game was a washout and Kabir had no chance to make an impression.

He was also selected for the Fourth Test against South Africa at Headingley in August 2003, taking a wicket in his first over (Neil McKenzie, caught behind by Alec Stewart off Kabir's fifth ball). He took five wickets in the match: 3–80 in the first innings and 2–56 in the second, including the key wicket of Gary Kirsten (for 130 and 60) in both innings. Nonetheless, England were soundly beaten and the selectors rang the changes, bringing in Steve Harmison and Ashley Giles for Kabir and James Kirtley. The Headingley match was Kabir's solitary Test appearance, although he made a number of further appearances at ODI level. His greatest success came against South Africa in 2004/05, when he took more wickets (13) than any other England bowler, and at Bloemfontein somehow conjured a tie from nowhere.

Domestic career
Kabir first came to national prominence when he took a second-innings 5–48 (and eight wickets in the match) against the touring Zimbabwe side in May 2003; in a precursor to his final-over heroics at Bloemfontein, Kabir claimed the final two wickets with the scores level to tie the match. Kabir's life was touched by tragedy in July 2003, when his two-week-old nephew died. However, his father wished him to play for Worcestershire against Derbyshire a few days later, and he put in a magnificent display. After a quiet first innings with the ball, he scored a quickfire 68, putting on 104 with Steve Rhodes for the eighth wicket to help rescue his team from deep trouble at 190/7, and then ripped through the Derbyshire batting line-up to take 8–53, at the time the best innings analysis of his career. Thanks to Kabir's heroics, Worcestershire won the game by an innings. Kabir further demonstrated his batting credentials in September 2003, hitting 92 from 93 balls in a 45-over National Cricket League match against Essex, his maiden limited-overs fifty.

The 2004 season began frustratingly for Kabir, as injury prevented him from playing until the end of May. However, some good performances in midsummer brought him a place in the squad for the Champions Trophy tournament in September, and he retained his place for the winter tour of South Africa (see above). Kabir's performances in early 2005 were unspectacular, but nevertheless he was named in the 14-man squad for that summer's triangular one-day series with Australia and Bangladesh. He played in none of the games, however, and was replaced by Matt Prior for the three-game ODI series against Australia which immediately followed.

Kabir was not in England contention during the 2006 season, and for the winter of 2006–07 he turned out for Rajasthan in the Ranji Trophy along with teammate Vikram Solanki. Worcestershire's 2007 season began poorly, but Kabir claimed a career-best 8–50 in a rain-affected match against Lancashire in May. These were the best figures at Old Trafford for 13 years. On 15 August 2009 Hampshire confirmed they had signed Ali on a 3-year deal, subject to resolving Worcestershires demands for compensation of £60,000. Hampshire were not willing to meet Worcestershire's demands for compensation, making it seem as if Ali would have to honour the remaining year on his Worcestershire contract. In January 2010 Ali's dispute with Worcestershire was intensified, with Ali failing to report for pre-season training.

Ali was released from his contract at Worcestershire on 21 January 2010. It is widely expected that Ali will take up the three-year contract he had agreed with Hampshire in 2009. The following day Ali confirmed he had joined Hampshire, signing a three-year contract at the Rose Bowl.

Kabir Ali joined Barisal Burners of the Bangladesh Premier League, a Bangladeshi Twenty20 league, in February 2012.

On 2 November 2012, Kabir Ali joined Lancashire, who had recently been relegated to the second division of the County Championship, on a two-year contract. Kabir became an integral part of Lancashire's immediate return to the Championship top flight. He was often the death bowler in t20 games for the side, usually bowling the 18th and 20th overs, limiting batsmen and picking up useful wickets. In May 2015, he announced his retirement from cricket due to ongoing injuries.

Coaching career
In January 2022, Kabir worked as a bowling consultant at Warwickshire while the Bears conducted a search for a replacement for departed bowling coach Graeme Welch. In February 2022, Kabir joined Yorkshire as assistant coach.

See also
One Test Wonder

References

1980 births
Fortune Barishal cricketers
British Asian cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Test cricketers
English cricketers
English people of Mirpuri descent
English people of Pakistani descent
Hampshire cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Living people
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
People from Moseley
Rajasthan cricketers
Worcestershire Cricket Board cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Cricketers from the West Midlands

Kabir Ali


Angel Exhaust is a British poetry magazine founded by Steve Pereira and Adrian Clarke in the late 1970s. Andrew Duncan took over as editor in 1992, and by 1993 it was one of the first poetry magazines to appear regularly on the internet. The magazine is headquartered in  Nottingham.

History
Angel Exhaust was started in 1979. The magazine emerged from the Islington Poetry Workshop run by Steve Pereira, and the first two issues were run off on office photocopiers. The initial editors were Pereira and Adrian Clarke. By issue three the magazine had an Arts Council grant and was printed at the Poetry Society. These early issues had featured work by Bob Cobbing and Maggie O'Sullivan.
The fourth issue gained attention and established the magazine's reputation. It was duplicated on Bob Cobbing's duplicator and contained so many pages that it needed to be nailed together. During the initial phase the magazine was based in London and Cambridge.

The contributor list ranged across the spectrum of poets writing in Britain in the late 1970s / early 1980s and included: Roy Fuller, Chris Torrance, Allen Fisher, Andrew Crozier, Peter Finch, and Roy Fisher. There were interviews with Bob Cobbing and Eric Mottram, and a range of reviews in which the contributors themselves were criticised. The impression was of a snapshot of poetic activity in Britain at that time.

There was a break after the fourth issue. The magazine returned in 1986 with issue six - the "Authority" issue, with contributions and interviews with Eric Mottram, Kathy Acker, Allen Fisher and Roy Fuller. Issue five never appeared.

After another break the magazine returned with Andrew Duncan and Adrian Clarke as editors in 1992.

Editors
The various editors of Angel Exhaust have been: Steven Pereira; Adrian Clarke; Robert Sheppard; Andrew Duncan; Scott Thurston; Helen Macdonald; Michael Gardiner; Simon Smith; John Goodby; Maurice Scully.

Internet appearance
Though starting out as a print magazine, Angel Exhaust later also became influential through the  online version, and was one of the first poetry magazines to appear online in 1993.

References

External links
Pinko.org

Angel Exhaust Issue 3 to 18

1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
British Poetry Revival
Literary magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1979
Magazines published in London
Mass media in Cambridge
Mass media in Nottingham
Online literary magazines
Online magazines published in the United Kingdom
Poetry magazines published in the United Kingdom

Angel Exhaust


Henry Brewis  (1932–2000) was a Northumberland born farmer, who developed his artistic talents into a successful side-line as a writer of tales, poems, artist, cartoonist and illustrator.

Henry Brewis  was born near Alnwick, Northumberland in 1932. He was one of the old style farmers, locally well known, and spent much of his life farming a mixed arable and livestock business at Hartburn, near Morpeth, Northumberland.

He began his artistic work of drawings, sketches, cartoons etc. in the 1970s and these together with his writings became very popular, and featured regularly in the farming magazines, particularly the West Cumberland Farmers Journal, regional NFU journals and Livestock Farming.
His book, Funnywayt'mekalivin' was a great success at the 1983 Smithfield Show with Henry Brewis in great demand to sign copies of the book.

He eventually sold his property on a lease-back arrangement so that he could spend more time on his side-line which by now had developed into a not so small local industry with the addition of greetings cards, decorated beer mugs and Tee shirts etc., audio tapes and prints of his cartoons. He had by this time even converted a byre into a studio.
Henry Brewis died in 2000 leaving three children and two grandchildren.

Works

Books
 Chewing the Cud – The sheep are on the road again, the cows are in the corn, the bank is on the telephone, the pigs are on the lawn. Etc
 Clarts and Calamities – A fictional year in the life of a bloke who'll never drive a Porsche, seldom wear a tie, and doesn't commute to work, because he's there already
 Country Dance – A wryly humorous fable of the changes one traditional farm and village underwent as farming declined in the 1990s
 Don't laugh till he's out of sight – A selection of stories, poems and cartoons from the early 1980s
 Funnywayt'mekalivin – A book from 1983, containing 130 cartoons on timeless subjects
 Last Round-Up – When life has calmed down a bit... time to reflect and occasionally see the daftness of it all
 Goodbye Clartiehole
 Harvey and the Handy Lads
 Night Shift
  A Stroll in the Country
 Little Bit O'Nonsense About Sheep  – A fresh look at the mule yow

Audio
 Rural Stew and Country Casserole – CD1 – Amusing stories and verse written and narrated by Brewis himself
 Shepherd's Pie – CD2 – Yet amusing stories and verse written and narrated by Brewis
 Second Helping – CD3 – Yet more stories, first released in the 1980s

He also illustrated several books for other authors including Robert Allen's Canny Bit Verse.

See also
 Geordie dialect words
 Robert Allen (poet)

References

English humorists
English cartoonists
English illustrators
People from Alnwick
2000 deaths
1932 births
Geordie songwriters
20th-century English poets
20th-century English musicians

Henry Brewis


Capparis decidua is commonly known as karir, kair, kirir, karril, Teent etc. It is either a small tree with many branches or a shrub of the Thar desert and other hot and dry regions in southern Asia. It has a lot of thin, leafless branches, the small  leaves being found only on young shoots. It rarely grows above a height of 5 meters (15 feet).
These unripe fruits were used as a major dietary food item by the majority of people due to its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties.
The berries can be eaten and mixed with sangri (beans from the tree Prosopis cineraria) form a vegetable dish called "Kair sangri" in Rajasthan, India, which is a delicacy to many.khair is also used for preparing pickle and can be stored for long time .
They are highly tolerant to salinity of soil (8 mmhos) .
These plants grow in extremely scarce condition of water ( xerophytes )   like ber .

Capparaceae
Plants of Pakistan

Capparis decidua