Bradfield House is a Grade I listed country house situated in the parish of Uffculme, Devon, England,  south-west of the village of Uffculme.

It is one of the largest mansions in Devon, having been substantially enlarged in about 1860 by Sir John Walrond Walrond, 1st Baronet (1818–1889), to the design of the architect John Hayward, and incorporates within the Victorian structure the original mediaeval  great hall, one of the largest, most ornate  and best preserved in the county.

Description
The mediaeval great hall forms the core of the house and its tall windows are visible in the centre of the eastern front. The drawing room and Spanish Room were added as projecting gable wings to the south and north ends respectively in the 16th century, and these project forward beyond the original external wall of the hall. A small square porch and Oriel Room were added in 1604 and 1592 respectively and sit within the two corners formed by the projecting gables. In about 1860 a major expansion was made, by the addition of a service wing to the west, almost doubling the size of the house, and a new entrance front, with three storey central porch, was created on the south side.

Interior

The house contains several remarkable features. The Great Hall with an early 16th-century hammerbeam roof, one of the most ornate in Devon, comparable to those at Weare Giffard Hall and Orleigh Court. It was repaired in 1860. On the wall is linen-fold paneling and a frieze of Renaissance-period heads within square panels. Several heraldic shields of members of the Walrond family impaled with the armorials of their wives are painted on the walls. The Music Room, as it was called by the Walrond family in 1910, Parlour or "Spanish Room" contains a  highly decorated plasterwork ceiling with ribs and pendants and exceptionally elaborately carved woodwork. Above the paneling is a frieze of Spanish leather.

Grounds
The house is surrounded by parkland which retains many magnificent specimen cedar trees. The gate lodge at the entrance to the south drive remains, but is in separate ownership following the 1990s dismemberment of the estate. Nearby is the former Home Farm, with a long brick facade pierced by a tall arch leading into the yard. A stable block with bell-tower and clock is located to the west of the house. In 1875, the Walronds built All Saints Chapel, designed by Hayward,   to the east of the house with roadside access, slightly to the south of the eastern entrance gate.

Bradfield Manor
The manor of Bradfield was from the 13th century until the early 20th century the principal seat of the Walrond family. Devon seats of cadet lines of this family included Bovey House in the parish of Beer, purchased c. 1670 from Sir William Pole of Shute and inherited from his first wife by John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (died 1842)of Bicton, Dunchideock House, the inheritance of Elizabeth Pitman the wife of the 2nd Baron Waleran, and  Tidwell House in East Budleigh, from about 1730. In 1876 the Walrond baronetcy "of Bradfield" was created for Sir John Walrond Walrond, 1st Baronet (1818–1899) and the title Baron Waleran, with variant spelling, was created for his son William Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran (1849–1925). On the death of his son the second baron in 1966, the titles became extinct and the family became extinct in the male line.

Descent of the manor

Walrond

Risdon, writing in about 1630, states that the first occupier of Bradfell was Robert de Bradfell, but by the reign of King Henry III (1216–1272) Richard Walrond was lord of the manor. They added to their holding through the acquisition of the manor of Hurst. The manor of Wood came to the family through their marriage to the heiress Agnes Whiting. The descent of Walrond of Bradfield is thus:
Richard Walrond, tempore King Henry III (1216–1272). He was the son of Richard de Bradfelle, living tempore King Richard (1189–1199)
William Walrond (son)
John Walrond (son)
John Walrond (son), married Joan Stofford, daughter and heiress of John Stoffard of Stoffard
William Walrond (son), married a certain Juliana, of unknown family.
John Walrond (son), married Alice Ufflett, daughter and heiress of John Ufflett by his wife Agnes Fishaker, daughter and heiress of Sir Martyn Fishaker.
John Walrond (son), married Margaret Moore, daughter of John Moore (died 1510) of nearby Moor Hayes in the parish of Cullompton, by his wife Elizabeth Clivedon (died 1515), whose monument exists in Cullompton (?) Church,  daughter and co-heiress of John Clivedon of Willond Burlescombe, a nearby parish. Margaret's brother was Richard More (died 1516), Archdeacon of Exeter and Treasurer of Exeter Cathedral, where his monument exists. John IV's 2nd son Humphry Walrond founded the Walrond family of Clist.
John Walrond (eldest son)
Humphrey Walrond, married Elinor Ogan, daughter of Henry Ogan of Saltwinch, Somerset.
Henry Walrond (died 1550) (son), married Agnes Whitinge, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of John Whitinge (died 1529) of Woode, in the nearby parish of Kentisbeare. John Whitinge was a member of the Merchant Venturers and his elaborately panelled chest tomb survives in Kentisbeare Church, in the chapel at the east end of the south aisle, which he built. The two monumental brasses which were originally affixed to the monument are now lost, but his armorials survive sculpted on the wooden screen. John Whiting left four daughters and co-heiresses. Wood passed to the Walrond family, and appears to have been used as a secondary residence and dower house as several members of the family were subsequently buried in Kentisbeare Church.
Humphrey Walrond (died 1586) (son), married Mary Willoughby (died 1556), daughter of Sir Thomas Willoughby, Justice of the Common Pleas
William Walrond (1558 – c. 1627) (son), married Mary Sandford (died 1587), daughter of Nicholas Sandford and widow of John Warre of Somerset
Henry Walrond (1584–1650) (son), a lawyer admitted to the Inner Temple in 1603, married Penelope Sydenham, daughter of Humphry Sydenham of Dulverton, Somerset. He was buried at Kentisbeare. He had 4 sons and 9 daughters, one of whom, Anne Walrond, in 1646 married Robert Shapcote (b. 1621),  four times Member of Parliament for Tiverton in 1646–1649, 1654, 1656 and 1660 and Attorney-General for Ireland.
William Walrond (1610-1667/9) (eldest son), who in 1637 married Ursula Specott (died 1698), daughter of Humphrey Specott of Launcells in Cornwall. Ursula was buried at Kentisbeare. A chest tomb exists in Bradfield Chapel, north aisle, Uffculme Church. The arms above the relief bust figure on the right are those of Specott (Or, on a bend gules three millrinds of the first) and the bust portrays William. His grandfather, also William, is shown on the left side in a relief bust  below a cartouche with the Walrond arms.   Five standing female figures are shown, at the west end, a blindfolded Justice, also Faith Hope & Charity. The chest tomb is complete in itself, and the half-figures presently placed on top of it belong to a former now broken up monument, probably that of the reclining Sir William Walrond (died 1689), whose effigy now occupied the window-ledge above. On the top slab is inscribed:
"This lowe built chamber to each obvious  eye
Seemes like a little chapell where he lye
Here in this tumbe my flesh shall rest in hope
When ere I dye this is my aime & scope".
On the front edge of the top slab is written: "1663 ffalax saepe fides testam. vota peribunt constitues tumulum si sapis ipse tuum fulim? 1663" (faith often fails, testamentary vows perish, ....).
Sir William Walrond (1639–1689) (son), served as a Cavalier, was knighted on 25 May 1671 at Bedford and served as Sheriff of Devon. He built the chapel, no longer existing, to the north side of the house, as evidenced by a deed quoted in the "Walrond Papers" (1913): "Licence to publicly read morning and evening prayer in the chapel newly erected by William Walrond, knight, at Bradfield". He died unmarried but clearly intended at some time to marry  Dinah Mompesson, daughter of Thomas Mompesson, Esquire, of Corton, Wiltshire, as is evidenced by the existence of a marriage settlement dated 1671/2. The Walrond Papers state that no marriage took place but rather only a romance, from which there survived in 1910 a letter written on gold leaf enclosed in a petit-point jewelled envelope, with the top part of a gauntlet glove with some lady's gloves. Sir William Walrond  appears to be represented by the reclining effigy dressed in a full wig and full armour in the Bradfield Chapel, Uffculme Church, which now occupies the window ledge, but was no doubt originally surrounded by an elaborate canopy, long since dismantled. His heir was his younger brother Henry.

Col. Henry Walrond (died 1724) (brother), who succeeded his elder brother Sir William Waldron (1639–1689). He trained as a lawyer and was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1662. He was the owner of Bradfield House when William of Orange landed at Torbay on 6 November 1688. One of the Prince's generals used the house for his headquarters as is evidenced by a report written in Dutch addressed to unknown persons: "We have taken up our quarters in the house of Col. Hendric Waldron which quarters we desire shall be kept open as long as the troops of his highness shall remain in this town or neighbourhood. We have also left in the care of the aforesaid Col. Hendric Waldron two black horses and one grey mare which shall be kept for us. Signed by Sir Van Ginkel, Lt-General of the cavalry of the United Netherlands, in the service of his highness William Prince of Orange". He married  twice, firstly in 1698 to Elizabeth Strode, a daughter by his 1st wife of Sir William Strode (1614–1676), MP, of Newnham, Plympton St Mary and widow of Joseph (or Capt. Francis)Maynard of Tavistock, only surviving son of Sir John Maynard. He married secondly Elizabeth Floyer (died 1749), daughter of William Floyer of Floyer Hayes in the parish of St Thomas, Exeter, and widow of James Holway of Uffculme. The marriage was without children. The Floyer armorials are Sable, a chevron between three arrows argent and can be seen impaled with Walrond sculpted on the wooded pulpit in Uffculme Church, and on the chest-tomb presumed to be of his father William Walrond (died 1667/9).
William Walrond (died 1745/6) (son), married Ann Courtenay, a daughter of Francis Courtenay (1652–1699) of Powderham and Forde House, Wolborough, by his wife Mary Bovey. The Courtenays were the leading gentry family of Devon. Francis was the eldest son of Sir William Courtenay, 1st Baronet (died 1702), but predeceased his father and thus did not inherit the baronetcy.
Courtenay Walrond (died 1761) (eldest son), married the daughter of a certain Mr Saunders of Bradninch but died without children. His heir was his younger brother Henry.
Rev. Henry Walrond (died 1787) (brother), Rector of Woolfardisworthy, married Dorothy Milford.
William Henry Walrond (1762–1845) (son), married in 1759 Mary Alford of Sandford in Devon, who left no male children but two  daughters his co-heiresses, Margaret the youngest who died unmarried and Frances Walrond who in 1815 married Benjamin Bowden Dickinson (1793–1851), JP, DL, Sheriff of Devon in 1824, the son of John Dickinson (died 1813), by his wife Harriet Bowden, a wealthy Tiverton merchant,  who assumed by royal licence on the death in 1845 of his father-in-law, the name and arms of Walrond. John Dickinson was the son of Benjamin Dickinson (1737–1806), three times mayor of Tiverton, who opened the first bank in that town near St George's Church, which he played a part in the construction of and where is located his mural monument. Benjamin's mother was of the Peard family, the sister of Oliver Peard (1700–1764), three times mayor, "the greatest merchant who ever lived in Tiverton". He was a serge trader via Topsham with the Netherlands. In 1764 Peard tore up his will and "blasted his face off with a blunderbuss" in Fore Street, where his business was based. His fortune passed to his sister Mary, and thence to the Dickinson family.

Dickinson / Walrond

Sir John Walrond Walrond, 1st Baronet (1818–1889) (son), Conservative MP for Tiverton in 1866, born John Walrond Dickinson, who assumed the surname and arms of Walrond in 1845 at the same time as did his father. He was the son of  Benjamin Bowden Dickinson (1793–1851) by his wife the heiress Frances Walrond. He was created a baronet "of Bradfield" in 1876. He married Hon. Frances Caroline Hood, daughter of Samuel Hood, 2nd Baron Bridport (1788–1868). On inheriting Bradfield House he found it in a state of disrepair and decided to restore it. In about 1860 he greatly expanded the house by adding the west service wing, at the same time he restored the Tudor aspect of the east front. In 1867, perhaps to assist in financing his works, he sold the Knightshayes estate, long a Dickinson possession, to the Amory family. He was a benefactor of the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital in Exeter and served as its president in 1874. His portrait by George Frederic Watts  (1817–1904) survives in the hospital's collection.
William Hood Walrond, 1st Baron Waleran (1849–1925) (son), Captain, Grenadier Guards, Lt- Col. of the Devon Rifle Volunteers, MP for East Devon in 1880, created "Baron Waleran of Uffculme" in 1905. His eldest son Hon. William Lionel Thomas Waleran (1876–1915), MP, predeceased him.
William George Hood Walrond, 2nd Baron Waleran (1905–1966), grandson of Sir John Walrond, 1st Bt. He died without male issue, whereupon the titles and male line of Walrond of Bradfield became extinct.

Recent ownership
After having been vacated by the Walrond family, Mr Lytebaum established at Bradfield a boys' school, known as "Bradfield House School" which it remained until its closure on 23 July 1997 It was a residential boys' schools catering for boys with emotional and behavioural problems, the last establishment having been run by Devon County Council. In 1996 the police with child protection officers opened   an investigation into allegations of sexual and physical abuse in the school, but no evidence was discovered to support such claims.  In 1997, the year it of its closure, Government statistics revealed that of all youths appearing at nearby Cullompton Magistrates' Court, one third  gave Bradfield House as their address. The once ornate formal topiary gardens were destroyed during this period. The house is now maintained as a private residence.

References

Sources
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 768–770, pedigree of Walrond
Pevsner, N., & Cherry,  B., The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, pp. 197–9
Listed Building text, Bradfield House

Further reading
Bradfield House photographic collection, c. 1850-1880, record of Victorian building works. Held by English Heritage National Monuments Record
Hayward, John (architect), Account of building works carried out at Bradfield House, Devon c. 1860, published in: Transactions of the Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society, vol. 1, 1867, pp. 79–84
Worthy, Charles, Devonshire Wills: A Collection of Annotated Testamentary Abstracts together with the Family History and Genealogy of Many of the Most Ancient Gentle Houses of the West of England, London, 1896, pp. 447–453, Walrond of Bradfield

Country houses in Devon
Grade I listed buildings in Devon
Grade I listed houses in Devon

Bradfield House


Gamma globulins are a class of globulins, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis.  The most significant gamma globulins are immunoglobulins (antibodies), although some immunoglobulins are not gamma globulins, and some gamma globulins are not immunoglobulins.

Use as medical treatment

Gamma globulin injections are usually given in an attempt to temporarily boost a patient's immunity against disease.

Injections are most commonly used on patients having been exposed to hepatitis A or measles, or to make a kidney donor and a recipient compatible regardless of blood type or tissue match. Injections are also used to boost immunity in patients unable to produce gamma globulins naturally because of an immune deficiency, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia and hyper IgM syndrome.  Such injections are less common in modern medical practice than they were previously, and injections of gamma globulin previously recommended for travelers have largely been replaced by the use of hepatitis A vaccine.

Gamma globulin infusions are also used to treat some immunological diseases, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), a disease in which the platelets are being attacked by antibodies, leading to seriously low platelet counts.  It appears that gamma globulin causes the spleen to ignore the antibody-tagged platelets, thus allowing them to survive and function.

Another theory on how gamma globulin administration works in autoimmune disease is by overloading the mechanisms that degrade gamma globulins. Overloading the degradation mechanism causes the harmful gamma globulins to have a much shorter half of the life in sera.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used in Kawasaki disease.

In 1953, gamma globulin was shown to prevent paralytic polio.

Being a product derived from bone marrow and lymph gland cells, gamma globulin injections, along with blood transfusions and intravenous drug use, can pass hepatitis C to their recipients. Once hepatitis C was identified in 1989, blood banks began screening all blood donors for the presence of the virus in their bloodstream. However, since hepatitis C is known to have been present since at least the 1940s, a gamma globulin shot received prior to the early 1990s put the recipient at risk of being infected.

Intravenous gamma globulin was FDA-approved in 2004 to reduce antibodies in a patient with kidney failure to allow that person to accept a kidney from a donor with a different blood type (ABO-incompatible), or who is an unacceptable tissue match.  Stanley Jordan at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles pioneered this treatment.

Pathology
An excess is known as hypergammaglobulinemia. A deficiency is known as hypogammaglobulinemia.

A disease of gamma globulins is called a "gammopathy" (for example, in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance).

Brutton's agammaglobulinemia is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by recurrent infections in the early-post natal period attributable to failure of pre-B cells to mature. Unless treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulins, patients often die.

References

External links

Blood proteins

de:Gammaglobulin
pt:Imunoglobina

Gamma globulin


Theodore Seton Dury (12 June 1854 – 20 March 1932) was an English first-class cricketer, who played seven games for Oxford University, and thirteen matches for Yorkshire from 1878 to 1881, both as an amateur. He also appeared in matches for the England XI, Gentlemen of England, Gentlemen of the North and Marylebone Cricket Club.

Born in Ripley, Yorkshire, England, Dury was educated at Harrow School, playing for the cricket eleven in 1870. He went up to St John's College, Oxford, playing for them in 1875 and 1876, when he gained his blue. He also represented his University at rackets.

A right-handed batsman, he scored 565 runs in all first-class cricket, with a best of 46 against I Zingari, at an average of 13.78.  A right-arm medium roundarm bowler, he took three wickets at 52.66, with a best of 2 for 38 against Middlesex.

He gained his Bachelor of Arts in 1877 and became a solicitor, working first for the London and South Western Railway, and then for the School Board for London. He later became a Taxing Master at the Supreme Court in London and was Chief Master when he retired in 1930. He died in March 1932, in Earl's Court, Kensington, London. His son Guy Dury was also a first-class cricketer, as well as a British Army officer.

References

External links
Cricinfo Profile
Cricket Archive Statistics

Yorkshire cricketers
1854 births
1932 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
People from the Borough of Harrogate
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Gentlemen of the North cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Masters of the High Court (England and Wales)

Theodore Dury


Onaway State Park is a public recreation area covering  on the southeast shore of Black Lake in North Allis Township, Presque Isle County, Michigan. The state parks sits at the end of M-211 five miles north of Onaway. It contains sand and cobblestone beaches, large rock outcroppings, a campground, and nature trail highlighting a diversity of trees. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

History
Dedicated in 1921, Onaway was one of 13 parks established in 1920 after the Michigan State Park Commission was created to acquire lands for state parks in 1919. In 1920, Presque Isle County deeded 150 acres of land to the state for this purpose. The acreage included a city park then known as "The Indian Orchard" and some surrounding private lands. In 1921, the state began developing the park, adding two small bathhouses and toilet facilities to the picnic pavilion already in place. The two existing farmhouses were remodeled for use as a park store and manager's residence. In 1924, an entranceway and campgrounds were installed, and in 1927, a campground loop road was installed. A new residence was constructed after the original one burned in 1931.

In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) established a camp at Black Lake, with 15 men assigned to Onaway State Park. They regraded the entrance road and installed a foot trail, and the next year began excavation of a basement for the already existing pavilion. In 1935 and 1936, a 100-space parking area was created and a stone campground toilet, designed by Ralph B. Herrick, was erected. In 1937, the pavilion was remodeled (also to a design by Ralph B. Herrick) and stone shelters added. In 1942, the campground was expanded.

After the CCC disbanded, sanitation infrastructure was added in the 1960s, and more campsites were added in 1969. The roads were paved  in 1970.

Description
Onaway State Park consists of a picnic area, a beach and day use area, and a campground. The campground area is divided into two sections. The lower campground was created in 1923, and campsite separation barriers (of logs, boulders, or concrete) were installed by CCC workers in the 1930s. A 1937 toilet building in the lower campground is constructed with limestone lower walls and log upper walls. The 1942 upper campground is located atop a bluff above the lower campground. The sites are heavily shaded, and the drives are angled.

The picnic area has picnic tables and grills scattered through a shady grass area. The beach contains a pavilion/bathhouse dating from c. 1917. It is a log structure with a hipped roof and wraparound porch. A basement beneath was excavated in 1934, and is constructed of stone. Additional exterior renovations by the CCC added a stone fireplace and modified the porch.

The park also contains the remnants of an Indian burial ground, called the Rainy River Cemetery (20PI35). No archaeological investigation of this site has been performed.

Activities and amenities
The park offers fishing, swimming, picnicking facilities, boat launch, three miles of hiking trails, playground, cabin, and 96-site campground.

References

External links

Onaway State Park Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Onaway State Park Park Michigan Department of Natural Resources

State parks of Michigan
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan
Protected areas of Presque Isle County, Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Presque Isle County, Michigan
Protected areas established in 1920
1920 establishments in Michigan
IUCN Category III

Onaway State Park


Arnold Duckwitz (27 January 1802 in Bremen Germany – 19 March 1881 in Bremen) was a German statesman and merchant who served as Minister of Trade and of the Navy in the provisional government of the Frankfurt Assembly of 1848–49, and as mayor of Bremen.

From early to mid-1848, he participated as an expert in the economic committee of the Frankfurt National Assembly. As Commissioner of Bremen he advised on German trade relations. Subsequently, he was in July 1848 appointed Reich Minister for Trade (Reichsminister für Handel) of the all-Germany 'Provisional Central Power' (Provisorische Zentralgewalt), headed by Archduke John of Austria as regent (Reichsverweser). He later became also  Minister for Navy Affairs (Minister für Marineangelegenheiten). He managed to create in a short time a small navy (Reichsseewehr or Reichsflotte) for limited use in the Second Schleswig War (1849) against the superior Danish fleet.

He was also a city senator (Bremer Senats) from 1841 and mayor of the Hanseatic city of Bremen 1857–1863, and 1866–1869.  He was then a city senator until he retired in 1875.

Further reading

Wer liegt wo? Prominente auf Bremer Friedhöfen by Thomas Schaefer;Siepmann und Kurze. Bremen, 1998
Ehmck: Arnold Duckwitz. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 48, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 133–140.
Friedrich Prüser: Arnold Duckwitz. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, p. 151 f.

External links
 Radio Bremen (RealMedia) – As Time Goes By (Arnold Duckwitz)

1802 births
1881 deaths
Mayors of Bremen (city)
German merchants
19th-century German businesspeople

Arnold Duckwitz


Cornelius Hendrik "Case" Vanderwolf (1935 – June 16, 2015) was a Canadian neuroscientist.

Raised in the rural community of Glenevis, Alberta, Vanderwolf went on to earn a BSc from the University of Alberta and completed graduate work with Donald Hebb at McGill University, completing his PhD in 1962 (Buzsaki and Bland 2015). Following completion of his PhD, Case spent a year at the California Institute of Technology with Roger Sperry (1962–1963) and another year with Konrad Akert, the Founder of the Brain Research Institute of the University of Zurich (1963–1964).

Vanderwolf spent over 30 years at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, during which time he published over 140 papers on the relation of hippocampal, neocortical, and pyriform cortical activity to behavior and the dependence of many of these brain-behavior relations on the activity of central neurons that release the transmitter substances acetylcholine and serotonin (Whishaw and Bland 1998; Buzsaki and Bland 2015). As early as 1964, he was among the first investigators to carefully study the correlation between observable motor activity and brain waves.
Recording from the thalamus and hippocampus of the behaving rat, he found a reliable relationship between 'voluntary movement' and rhythmic (theta) EEG activity. This early paper (Vanderwolf and Heron, 1964) was followed up by a detailed account of a variety of motor behaviors and hippocampal theta oscillation (Vanderwolf 1969). He showed that in the waking rat, hippocampal EEG is dominated by thetaoscillations (6 to 10 Hz; for this he coined a new term, rhythmic slow activity or RSA) during locomotion, rearing, exploratory head turning, and sniffing. In contrast, in other observable behaviors such as eating, drinking, grooming, and immobility, theta is replaced by "large amplitude irregular activity" (LIA).

He published two books, An Odyssey Through the Brain, Behavior and Mind and The Evolving Brain: The Mind and the Neural Control of Behavior, that provide an overview of his academic career and research findings. In 2000, he was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Lethbridge.

He died unexpectedly in his home on June 16, 2015, in London, Ontario, at the age of 79.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110728034949/http://www.societyforqualityeducation.org/reports/SQE_Science_Report.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110706201924/http://psyc.queensu.ca/~psyc371/pdf%20papers/vanderwolf98.pdf
http://communications.uwo.ca/com/western_news/stories/psychology_professor_to_receive_honorary_degree_20000317430553/

Canadian neuroscientists
Academic staff of the University of Western Ontario
University of Alberta alumni
McGill University alumni
People from Lac Ste. Anne County
Canadian people of Dutch descent
1935 births
2015 deaths

Case Vanderwolf


Gilbert Lawford Dalton (1904–1963) was a British children's writer and comics writer. He was most prolific as an author of stories for British boys' comics for DC Thomson publications.

He wrote under several pseudonyms so the extent of his writing may not be entirely clear, but is believed to include Wilson the Wonder Athlete, Alf Tupper and Matt Braddock.

Clive James wrote that he enjoyed the stories of Matt Braddock and Alf Tupper as a boy, without realising at the time that they were intended as fantasy figures for working-class readers.

References

British comics writers
British children's writers
1904 births
1963 deaths

Gilbert Lawford Dalton


Cranial kinesis is the term for significant movement of skull bones relative to each other in addition to movement at the joint between the upper and lower jaws. It is usually taken to mean relative movement between the upper jaw and the braincase.

Most vertebrates have some form of a kinetic skull. Cranial kinesis, or lack thereof, is usually linked to feeding.  Animals which must exert powerful bite forces, such as crocodiles, often have rigid skulls with little or no kinesis, for maximum strength.  Animals which swallow large prey whole (snakes), which grip awkwardly shaped food items (parrots eating nuts), or, most often, which feed in the water via suction feeding often have very kinetic skulls, frequently with numerous mobile joints. In the case of mammals, which have akinetic skulls (except perhaps hares), the lack of kinesis is most likely to be related to the secondary palate, which prevents relative movement. This in turn is a consequence of the need to be able to create a suction during suckling.

Ancestry also plays a role in limiting or enabling cranial kinesis. Significant cranial kinesis is rare in mammals (the human skull shows no cranial kinesis at all). Birds have varying degrees of cranial kinesis, with parrots exhibiting the greatest degree. Among reptiles, crocodilians and turtles lack cranial kinesis, while lizards possess some, often minor, degree of kinesis. Snakes possess the most exceptional cranial kinesis of any tetrapod. In amphibians, cranial kinesis varies, but has yet to be observed in frogs and is rare in salamanders. Almost all fish have highly kinetic skulls, and teleost fish have developed the most kinetic skulls of any living organism.

Joints are often simple syndesmosis joints, but in some organisms, some joints may be synovial, permitting a greater range of movement.

Types of kinesis
Versluys (1910, 1912, 1936) classified types of cranial kinesis based on the location of the joint in the dorsal part of the skull.
 Metakinesis is jointing between the dermatocranium and occipital segment
 Mesokinesis is jointing more rostral in the skull.
Hofer (1949) further partitioned mesokinesis into
 Mesokinesis proper, which occurs within the braincase (the frontoparietal joint), e.g., many lizards
 Prokinesis, which occurs between the braincase and the facial skeleton (the nasofrontal joint, or within the nasals), e.g. birds.
Streptostyly is the fore-aft movement of the quadrate about the otic joint (quadratosquamosal joint), although transverse movements may also be  possible. Many hypothesized types of kinesis require basal joint kinesis (neurokinesis of Iordansky, 1990), that is, movement between the braincase and palate at the basipterygoid joint.

Fish

The first example of cranial kinesis was in the chondrichthyans, such as sharks. There is no attachment between the hyomandibular and the quadrate, and instead the hyoid arch suspends the two sets of jaws like pendulums. This allows sharks to swing their jaws outwards and forwards over the prey, allowing for the synchronous meeting of the jaws and avoiding deflecting the prey when it comes close.

Actinopterygian fish
Actinopterygii (ray finned fish) possess a huge range of kinetic mechanisms. As a general trend through phylogenetic trees, there is a tendency to liberate more and more bony elements to allow greater skull motility. Most actinopts use kinesis to rapidly expand their buccal cavity, to create suction for suction feeding.

Sarcopterygian fish
Early Dipnoi (lungfishes) had upper jaws fused to their braincase, which implies feeding on hard substrates. Many crossopterygian fishes had kinesis also.

Amphibians

Early tetrapods inherited much of their suction feeding ability from their crossopterygian ancestors. The skulls of modern Lissamphibians are greatly simplified, with many bones fused or otherwise reduced. They have mobility in the premaxilla of the snout, allowing amphibians to open and close their nasal openings. In caecilians, the gap between the parietal bone and squamosal bone enables the skull to bend, which aids the animal in burrowing. Caecilians are the only extant amphibian known to exhibit streptostyly, and their quadrate bone moves even after death.

Modern reptiles

Different groups of reptiles exhibit varying degrees of cranial kinesis, ranging from akinetic, meaning there is very little movement between skull bones, to highly kinetic.

Crocodilians
Alligators and crocodiles possess highly sutured (or akinetic) skulls. This is thought to allow them to have a stronger bite.

Lizards
Three forms of cranial kinesis exist within lizards: metakinesis, mesokinesis, and streptostyly.

 Metakinesis - Movement of the skeletal braincase relative to the rest of the skull
 Mesokinesis - Movement of the front portion of the skull relative to the back portion of the skull. The hinge where the movement occurs is present at the frontal-parietal suture.
 Streptostyly - Movement of the quadrate, where it moves in a back and forth motion, allowing the jaw to swing backwards and forwards.

Different lizards possess different degrees of kinesis, with chameleons, agamids, phrynosomatids, and amphisbaenians possessing the least kinetic skulls.

Snakes

Snakes use highly kinetic joints to allow a huge gape; it is these highly kinetic joints that allow the wide gape and not the "unhinging" of joints, as many believe. Snakes engage in high amounts of cranial kinesis that help them perform important tasks such as eating. Studies done in cottonmouth snakes suggests that the process of eating, as it relates to movement of the cranial bones, can be situated into three parts: hold, advance, and close. The phases document the ways in which the cranial bones shift according to the action being performed on the prey, specifically when the prey is passing through the gape. Similarly observed in the banded water snake, a prey's height acts on the maxillary and quadrate bones of the snake's skull by displacing them in a way that allows for the prey to enter the mouth more smoothly.

Tuatara
The tuatara possesses an akinetic skull. Some researchers think that juvenile tuatara may have somewhat kinetic skulls, and the bones only fuse later in adults.

Dinosaurs
The three principle types of kinesis found in Dinosaurs are:
 Streptostyly; forwards and back movement of the quadrate, seen in most lizards, snakes and birds. In dinosaurs, this is seen in Ankylosaurs, and possibly in many theropods, such as  Carnotaurus,Coelophysis, and Allosaurus. It is also seen in  Hypsilophodon and Massospondylus.
 Metakinesis; jointing between the neurocranium and the dermatocranium, seen in some lizards. Dromaeosaurus and Hypsilophodon show a metakinetic joint.
 Prokinesis; a joint in the facial area, such as modern snakes and birds. This is seen in a variety of dinosaurs.
Some show a combination of the two, such as streptostyly and prokinesis (Shuvuuia). Many, on the other hand, have at various points been thought to show akinesis, such as sauropods, ankylosaurs, and ceratopsians. It can be very difficult to prove that skulls were akinetic, and many of the above examples are contentious.

Pleurokinesis in ornithopods
Pleurokinesis refers to the complex multiple jointing thought to occur in ornithopods, such as hadrosaurs. Ornithopod jaws are isognathic (meet simultaneously), working like a guillotine to slice plant material which can be manipulated with their teeth. However, because of the wedge shape of their teeth, the occlusional plane is tilted away from the centre of the head, causing the jaws to lock together and, due to the lack of a secondary palate, the force of this would not be braced. Because of this, Norman and Weishampel proposed a pleurokinetic skull. Here, there are four (or perhaps even more) kinetic parts of the skull,
 Maxillojugal Unit
 Dentary-predentary
 Quadratojugal
 Quadrate
As the lower jaw closes, the maxillojugal units move laterally producing a power stroke. These motions were later proved by a microwear analysis on an Edmontosaurus jaw.

Birds
Birds show a vast range of cranial kinetic hinges in their skulls. Zusi recognised three basic forms of cranial kinesis in birds,
 Prokinesis, where the upper beak moves at the point where it is hinged with the bird's skull
 Amphikinesis. Unlike prokinesis, the narial openings extend back almost to the level of the craniofacial hinge, and the dorsal and ventral bars are flexible near the symphysis. In addition, the lateral bar is flexible near its junction with the dorsal bar. As a result, protraction and retraction forces are transmitted primarily to the symphysis via the lateral and ventral bars. During protraction, the entire upper jaw is raised and the tip of the jaw is bent up. Additionally, in retraction, the tip bends down with respect to the rest of the upper jaw.
 Rhynchokinesis (see below)
Rhynchokinesis is further subdivided into double, distal, proximal, central and extensive. The older terms "schizorhynal" and "holorhynal" are generally synonymous with rhynchokinesis. In schizorhinal birds and most rhynchokinetic birds, the presence of two hinge axes at the base of the upper jaw imposes a requirement of bending within the jaw during kinesis. Bending takes different forms according to the number of hinges and their geometric configuration within the upper jaw. Proximal rhynchokinesis and distal rhynchokinesis apparently evolved from double rhynchokinesis by loss of different hinges. Extensive rhynchokinesis is an unusual and probably specialized variant. Kinesis in hummingbirds is still little understood.

Rhynchokinesis
Rhynchokinesis is an ability possessed by some birds to flex their upper beak or rhinotheca. Rhynchokinesis involves flexing at a point some way along the upper beak — either upwards, in which case the upper beak and lower beak or gnathotheca diverge, resembling a yawn, or downwards, in which case the tips of the beaks remain together while a gap opens up between them at their midpoint.

Unlike prokinesis, which is widespread in birds, rhynchokinesis is only known in cranes, shorebirds, swifts and hummingbirds. The adaptive significance of rhynchokinesis in certain non-probing birds is not yet known. It is hypothesized that the schizorhinal skull in proximally rhynchokinetic birds reflects ancestry, but has no adaptive explanation, in many living species.

Species in which this has been recorded photographically include the following species: short-billed dowitcher, marbled godwit, least sandpiper, common snipe, long-billed curlew, pectoral sandpiper, semipalmated sandpiper, Eurasian oystercatcher and bar-tailed godwit (see Chandler 2002 and external links).

Either prokinesis or some form of rhynchokinesis could be primitive for birds. Rhynchokinesis is not compatible with the presence of teeth in the bending zone of the ventral bar of the upper Jaw, and it probably evolved after their loss. Neognathous rhynchokinesis, however, probably evolved from prokinesis. The evolutionary origin of rhynchokinesis from prokinesis required selection for morphological changes that produced two hinge axes at the base of the upper jaw. Once evolved, the properties of these axes were subject to selection in relation to their effects on kinesis. The various forms of kinesis are hypothesized to have evolved by simple steps. In neognathous birds, prokinesis was probably ancestral to amphikinesis, and amphikinesis to rhynchokinesis in most cases, but prokinesis has also evolved secondarily.

Hares
In hares or "jackrabbits" (but not in their ancestors), there is a suture between regions in the fetal braincase that remains open in the adult, forming what is thought to be an intracranial joint, permitting relative motion between the anterior and posterior part of the braincase. It is thought that this helps absorb the force of impact as the hare strikes the ground.

See also
Snake skull

References
Notes

Bibliography
 A functional and evolutionary analysis of rhynchokinesis in birds by Richard L Zusi, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1984.
 Chandler, Richard (2002) PhotoSpot - Rhynchokinesis in waders British Birds Vol 95 p395

External links
Photographs of birds performing rhynchokinesis can be found here:
  - a short-billed dowitcher
  - a marbled godwit
  - a least sandpiper
A very clear animation of pleurokinesis in Hadrosaurs can be found here:

Musculoskeletal system
Skull

Cranial kinesis


Salvatore "Sal" Murdocca (born April 26, 1943) is an American children's book illustrator. He is best known as Sal Murdocca, illustrator of the Magic Tree House series written by Mary Pope Osborne (from 1992) and the nonfiction Magic Tree House Fact Checkers by Osborne and collaborators (from 2000)—about 50 and 30 volumes respectively to 2014.

Murdocca grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City, majoring in illustration.  After graduating in 1960, he spent another year studying at the Art Students League while apprenticing in a commercial art studio.

After a successful nine-year career as an advertising and magazine illustrator, Mr. Murdocca gradually turned to children's book illustration.

Since 1970, Mr. Murdocca has authored ten books and illustrated hundreds of education, mass market, and trade books. He has illustrated books by such noted authors as Elizabeth Winthrop (Dancing Granny, Marshall Cavendish, 2003), Eve Bunting, Bill Martin Jr., Olivia Newton-John, Charles Grodin, Alan Benjamin, Laura Numeroff, Edward Packard, Jeanne Bendick, and Mary Pope Osborne.

He has also illustrated several series, including George E. Stanley's Third-Grade Detectives, Scaredy Cats, and Mary Pope Osborne's Magic Tree House series.

In the early 1980s, Mr. Murdocca taught writing and illustration for two years at the Parsons School of Design.
He has written the libretto for an opera inspired by his own book, The Hero of Hamblett, published in 1972.

His art work has been recognized by The Society of Illustrators, the Art Director's Club in NYC and the Children's Book Council. His writing has been recognized by the Literary Guild.  He was a winner in an international short story competition in 1978.

Mr. Murdocca is also an award-winning fine artist who has participated in many one-man and group shows of his watercolor and acrylic paintings. His fine art has been represented by galleries in Nyack, NY, SOHO, NYC, and in France.

External links
 Salvatore Murdocca at Simon & Schuster
 S&S is the publisher of Third-Grade Detectives by George E. Stanley (10 volumes) and Landry News by Andrew Clements

Living people
1943 births
American children's book illustrators
Artists from Brooklyn
Art Students League of New York alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
High School of Art and Design alumni

Salvatore Murdocca


André-Philippe Futa (August 26, 1943 – October 1, 2009) was a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was originally from Miabi in Tshilenge District.

Biography
André-Philippe Futa Mudiumbula Tshitumbu Tshipadi was born in Miabi, Tshilenge District, Democratic Republic of Congo as the only son of Kabongo wa Mfuta wa Kalubi and Tshiambuaya Marie-Madeleine. He was a member of the royal family of Bena Mbayi and Bakwa Dishi.

Futa was admitted to the Official University of Congo (UOC), where he studied agronomic sciences and graduated with distinctive honors as an agricultural engineer. He then moved to Kamina, where he became the head of the regional Companie des Grands Elevages de Katongola. In 1972, he became assistant professor at Université National du Zaïre.

He then attended the University of Florida, earning a master's degree in Food and Resources Economy in 1976. In 1979, he obtained his Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University.

In 1980, he was employed by the African Development Bank (ADB) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, where he spent most of his career. In 1997, he was dispatched to the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) as Director. Two years later, he returned to the ADB as the East Africa Representative Director in the regional office of Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.

In April 2001, Futa returned to Kinshasa when he was called by the President of the Democratic Republic of Congo to join his government as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock. President Joseph Kabila again showed his trust in Futa by appointing him to the Ministry of Economy in November 2002. At the conclusion of the peace negotiations, a Government of National Unity was put in place in June 2003, in which Futa was successively named Minister of Industry and then Minister of Finance. He occupied the latter post until November 2005. During his term as Minister of Finance, Futa was elected Chairman of the Board of Governors of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

During the National Convention of the National Alliance Party for Unity (PANU) in March 2006, he was elected President of the Party.

Dr. Futa was a member of several professional organizations, including Omicron Delta Epsilon and the International Association of Agricultural Economists. He has published works on economic development.

He died on October 1, 2009, in Paris.

References

1943 births
2009 deaths
People from Kasaï-Oriental
Luba people
National Alliance Party for Unity politicians
Finance ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Government ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
University of Florida alumni
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people

André-Philippe Futa


Paying the Piper is a 1949 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. The short was released on March 12, 1949, and stars Porky Pig.

It is a parody of the fairy tale The Pied Piper and it involves Porky trying to stop a cat that disguises himself as the last rat to bring the rats back for the local cats, and later, to get the reward money back from the cat, by playing a clarinet. It has Porky in the role of the piper character.

Plot
The people of the town of Hamelin are celebrating the high rat population being driven from the town. The cats hearing the news understand that they do not bode well for them as it means their main food source is gone. In panic, they decide to go to the Supreme Cat for a solution to the problem. Supreme tells to the crowd of cats that his plan is to get the rats back by sabotaging the Piper's reward collecting with a rat suit.

While wearing the rat suit, Supreme sneaks into the town hall. Supreme arrives at the town hall as Porky is going to get his reward money from the mayor. Supreme walks straight into the mayor's office and does a Last of the Mohicans impression and the mayor tells Porky he won't be getting the money until that rat is gone.

Around the town, Supreme bothers Porky by running around in the rat costume and momentarily removes it to trip and insult Porky in various ways. Porky eventually grabs the rat suit and Supreme deliberately loses it. Porky takes the empty costume back to the town hall to get the reward money. Just when the mayor gets the reward money from the vault, Supreme pops out and steals it. Porky chases after him to get it back, which he does by tricking the cat to come out of hiding by pretending to bring the rats back. Finally Porky gets the reward money and insults the cat back before he leaves playing his clarinet and walks into the distance.

References

External links

1949 animated films
1949 short films
Looney Tunes shorts
Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films
Films directed by Robert McKimson
Films based on Pied Piper of Hamelin
Porky Pig films
1949 films
Animated films about cats
Films about pigs
Films scored by Carl Stalling
1940s Warner Bros. animated short films
1940s English-language films

Paying the Piper


Clerow "Flip" Wilson Jr. (December 8, 1933 – November 25, 1998) was an American comedian and actor best known for his television appearances during the late 1960s and 1970s. From 1970 to 1974, Wilson hosted his own weekly variety series The Flip Wilson Show, and introduced viewers to his recurring character Geraldine. The series earned Wilson a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards, and it was the second highest-rated show on network television for a time.

Wilson was the first African American to host a successful TV variety show. In January 1972, Time magazine featured Wilson's image on its cover and named him "TV's first black superstar". He released a number of comedy albums in the 1960s and 1970s and won a Grammy Award for his 1970 album The Devil Made Me Buy This Dress.

Wilson kept performing and acting until the 1990s, though at a reduced schedule, up until his death from cancer in 1998. He hosted a short-lived revival of People Are Funny in 1984, and he had the lead role in the 1985–1986 sitcom Charlie & Co.

Early life
Born Clerow Wilson Jr. in Jersey City, New Jersey, he was one of ten children born to Cornelia Bullock and Clerow Wilson Sr. His father worked as a handyman but, because of the Great Depression, was often out of work. When Wilson was seven years old, his mother abandoned the family. His father was unable to care for the children alone and he placed many of them in foster homes.

After bouncing from foster homes to reform school, sixteen-year-old Wilson lied about his age and joined the United States Air Force. His outgoing personality and funny stories made him popular; he was even asked to tour military bases to cheer up other servicemen. Claiming that he was always "flipped out", Wilson's barracks mates gave him the nickname "Flip", which he used as his stage name.

Discharged from the Air Force in 1954, Wilson started working as a bellhop in San Francisco's Manor Plaza Hotel. At the Plaza's nightclub, Wilson found extra work playing a drunken patron between regularly scheduled acts. His inebriated character proved popular and Wilson began performing it in clubs throughout California. At first Wilson would simply ad-lib onstage, but eventually he added written material and his act became more sophisticated.

Career
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Wilson toured regularly through nightclubs with a black clientele in the so-called "Chitlin' Circuit". During the 1960s, Wilson became a regular at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. An unexpected break came in 1965, when comedian Redd Foxx was a guest on The Tonight Show and host Johnny Carson asked him who the funniest comedian at the time was; Foxx answered, "Flip Wilson". Carson then booked Wilson to appear on The Tonight Show and Wilson became a favorite guest on that show as well as on The Ed Sullivan Show. Wilson later singled out Sullivan as providing his biggest career boost. Wilson also made guest appearances on numerous TV comedies and variety shows, such as Here's Lucy (in which he played the role of "Prissy" in a spoof of Gone with the Wind with Lucille Ball as Scarlett), Laugh-In, and The Dean Martin Show, among others.

Wilson's warm and ebullient personality was infectious. Richard Pryor told Wilson, "You're the only performer that I've ever seen who goes on the stage and the audience hopes that you like them."

A routine titled "Columbus", from the 1967 album Cowboys and Colored People, brought Wilson to Hollywood industry attention. In this bit, Wilson retells the story of Christopher Columbus from an anachronistic urbanized viewpoint in which Columbus convinces the Spanish monarchs to fund his voyage by noting that discovering America means that he can also discover Ray Charles. Hearing this, Queen "Isabel Johnson", whose voice is an early version of Wilson's eventual "Geraldine" character, says that "Chris" can have "all the money you want, honey – You go find Ray Charles!"  When Columbus departs from the dock, an inebriated Isabella is there, testifying to one and all that "Chris gonna find Ray Charles!"

In 1970, Wilson won a Grammy Award for his comedy album The Devil Made Me Buy This Dress. He was also a regular cast member on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In. DePatie-Freleng Enterprises featured Wilson in two animated TV specials, Clerow Wilson and the Miracle of P.S. 14 and Clerow Wilson's Great Escape.

The Flip Wilson Show

In 1970, Wilson's variety series, The Flip Wilson Show, debuted on NBC. He performed in comedy sketches and played host to many African-American entertainers, including Lena Horne, Harry Belafonte, Diahann Carroll, the Supremes, the Jackson Five, Aretha Franklin, the Temptations, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Redd Foxx, boxer Muhammad Ali and basketball player Bill Russell. He greeted all his guests with the "Flip Wilson Handshake": four hand slaps, two elbow bumps, finishing with two hip-bumps. George Carlin was one of the show's writers, and Carlin also made frequent appearances on the show, as the two would expand Carlin's news-weather-sports satire. Wilson's characters included Reverend Leroy, the materialistic pastor of the "Church of What's Happening Now", and his most popular character, Geraldine Jones, who frequently referred to her unseen boyfriend, "Killer", and whose lines "The devil made me do it" as well as "What you see is what you get" became national catchphrases.

The Flip Wilson Show aired through 1974, generating high ratings and popularity among viewers and winning strong critical acclaim, with eleven Emmy Award nominations during its run, winning two. Wilson also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series.

Later years
Wilson acted in TV and theatrical movies, including Uptown Saturday Night and The Fish that Saved Pittsburgh. In 1976, he appeared as the Fox in a television musical adaptation of Pinocchio, starring Sandy Duncan in the title role and Danny Kaye as Geppetto, with songs by Laugh-In composer Billy Barnes. In 1981 he made a guest appearance on The Love Boat.

During March–July 1984, Wilson hosted a revival of People are Funny. In 1985–1986, Wilson played the lead role in the CBS sitcom Charlie & Co. Two of his last TV appearances were cameos on the sitcoms Living Single in 1993, and The Drew Carey Show in 1996.

Personal life
Wilson was married twice. In 1957, he married Lavenia Patricia "Peaches" Wilson (née Dean); they divorced in 1967. He had four children with his common-law wife Blonell Pitman. After winning custody of his children in 1979, Wilson performed less in order to spend more time with them. In 1979, he married Tuanchai "Cookie" MacKenzie, with whom he had one child; they divorced in 1984.

In March 1981, Wilson was arrested and charged with possession of a small quantity of cocaine.

In 1993, a motorcycle accident left Wilson's son David paralyzed.

Death
On November 25, 1998, Wilson died from metastatic biliary cancer in Malibu, California. He was cremated at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery and his ashes were scattered off Malibu Beach.

Discography
 1961 — Flippin''' (Minit)
 1964 — Flip Wilson's Pot Luck (Scepter, reissued as Funny and Live at the Village Gate, Springboard)
 1967 — Cowboys and Colored People (Atlantic)
 1968 — You Devil You (Atlantic)
 1970 — The Devil Made Me Buy This Dress (Little David)
 1970 — The Flip Wilson Show (Little David)
 1970 — Flipped Out (Sunset Records)
 1972 — Geraldine'' (Little David)

In popular culture
Wilson popularized the phrase "The devil made me do it." The catchphrase "What you see is what you get," often used by Wilson's Geraldine character, inspired researchers at PARC (and elsewhere) to create the acronym WYSIWYG for computer software.

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

External links

1933 births
1998 deaths
20th-century African-American writers
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
African-American male actors
African-American male comedians
African-American television writers
African-American male writers
African-American United States Air Force personnel
African Americans in the Korean War
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male television writers
American stand-up comedians
American television personalities
Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from liver cancer
Grammy Award winners
Male actors from Jersey City, New Jersey
Military personnel from New Jersey
Minit Records artists
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Screenwriters from New Jersey
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War

Flip Wilson


Jurgensen or Jürgensen is a surname of Danish origin. The name refers to:
 Dennis Jürgensen (b. 1961), Danish author of children's stories
 Eric Jurgensen (contemporary), general manager and programming director of America Television in Peru
 Jacob Dahl Jurgensen (b. 1975), Danish artist and sculptor living in London, England
 Nicola Jürgensen (b. 1975), German clarinetist and academic teacher
 Shane Jurgensen (b. 1978), Australian professional cricket player
 Sonny Jurgensen (b. 1934), American professional football player

Danish-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names

Jurgensen


Stephen Wayne Yeager (born November 24, 1948) is an American former professional baseball catcher. Yeager spent 14 of the 15 seasons of his Major League Baseball career, from 1972 through 1985, with the Los Angeles Dodgers. His last year, 1986, he played for the Seattle Mariners. From 2012 to 2018, Yeager was the catching coach for the Dodgers. He was co-MVP of the 1981 World Series.

Early and personal life
Yeager was born in Huntington, West Virginia.  He attended Meadowdale High School in Dayton, Ohio.  Yeager hit two grand slams in a single game while playing for Meadowdale.

He is the cousin of the late test pilot Chuck Yeager.  Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley was the best man at his wedding to local rock musician Gloria Giaone.  Yeager is Jewish, having converted to Judaism when his career was over. He later moved to Granada Hills, California.

Minor league career
He was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 6, 1967, in the 4th round of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft, when he was 18 years old. After one game with the rookie level Ogden Spikers of the Pioneer League, Yeager was sent to the Dodgers' Single-A affiliate, the Dubuque Packers of the Midwest League. The following season, in 1968, Yeager played 59 games for the Single-A Daytona Beach Dodgers of the Florida State League. In 1969, he played 22 games for the Bakersfield Dodgers, the Dodgers' Single-A affiliate in the California League, where he threw out 26 runners from behind the plate. That season he suffered a fractured leg in a first-inning collision with a runner at home plate, but was not aware how bad his injury was, and finished the game.

Yeager was promoted to Double-A before the end of the 1969 season, playing in one game for the Albuquerque Dodgers of the Texas League. He spent the next two-and-2/3 seasons with the Double-A franchise. In 162 games played over the 1970 and 1971 seasons, he hit .276, with 77 RBIs in 490 at bats. He threw out 84 runners, second in the league that year, and was named to the Texas League All-Star team as a catcher in 1971.

In spring training in 1972 he won the Dodgers writers' Dearie Mulvey Memorial Trophy as the best rookie. With the Dukes becoming the new Pacific Coast League Triple-A affiliate for the Dodgers in 1972, Yeager was promoted while remaining in Albuquerque for another season. "You won't beat that arm of his," Tommy Lasorda said that season. With the Triple-A Dukes, he played 82 games, batting .280 with 45 RBIs and a slugging percentage of .502, in 257 at bats.

Major league career

Los Angeles Dodgers (1972-85)
Yeager made his Major League debut with the Dodgers on August 2, 1972, and went on to play 15 seasons in the major leagues.  He started 34 games that season and batted .274/.374/.406. In the winter before the 1973 season he was named to the Dominican League All Star team. He backed up Joe Ferguson in 1973, and split time with Ferguson for the pennant-winning 1974 club as he hit .266 with 12 home runs.  Thereafter, Yeager was the starting catcher for the Dodgers and became an integral part of the Dodgers' success in the 1970s and early 1980s.

In 1976, he led NL catchers in assists, with 77. In 1977, he came in second in voting for the Gold Glove Award. He led NL catchers in baserunners caught stealing percentage in both 1978 (46.7%) and 1982 (43.1%).

Yeager helped the Dodgers get to the World Series in 1974, 1977, 1978, and 1981. In the '81 Series against the New York Yankees, he shared the World Series Most Valuable Player award with teammates Pedro Guerrero and Ron Cey. Yeager, who was backing up Mike Scioscia by that time, did not have overwhelming stats for the Series, as he went 4-for-14 (.286), but one of his hits was a double and two were home runs. One of the homers, off Ron Guidry, turned out to be the game-winner in Game 5.

While with the Dodgers, Yeager caught Jerry Reuss' no-hitter on June 27, 1980.

Yeager injured his knee in 1982 and broke his wrist the next year, which severely limited his playing time.

Seattle Mariners (1986)
He was traded from the Dodgers to the Seattle Mariners for Ed Vande Berg on December 11, 1985. He retired after hitting .208 in 130 at bats in 1986.

Characteristics
Lou Brock called Yeager "the best-throwing catcher in the game." His specialty was defense and his command of the game on the field. In one nationally televised game, he made a putout to second base – and the radar gun in place to record pitches caught his throw to second (from a crouch) at 98 mph. He was very good at managing the game from his position and was even more highly regarded for his abilities with young pitchers. In 1974, he had 806 putouts, the most in the National League. This compensated for his overall subpar offense, as illustrated by arguably his best offensive year occurring in 1974 when he batted .266 in fewer than 100 games. Despite this reputation, Yeager was still somewhat of a clutch hitter as he had an average of .321 when hitting with the bases loaded during his career, as well as hitting 4 home runs in 21 World Series games. He also had success hitting off pitcher Ken Forsch. While never hitting more than two home runs off any other pitcher, he managed to hit 5 against Forsch in his career.

With the Dodgers, whenever knuckleballer Charlie Hough pitched, Yeager would use a special enlarged catcher's mitt and would hold it in a cupped style, palm facing upward, instead of the normal upright "target" position.

Throat protector
In 1976, Yeager was injured when teammate Bill Russell's bat shattered as he hit a ground ball and a large, jagged piece from the heavy end of the bat slammed into the throat of Yeager, who was in the on-deck circle. The wood hit him in the neck and pierced his esophagus, necessitating surgery. After the incident, at Yeager's urging Dodger trainer Bill Buhler invented and patented a device that hangs from the catcher's mask to protect the throat. It was soon worn by most catchers throughout the Majors and other leagues.

Coaching career
Steve Yeager coached the Dodgers catchers from 2012–2018.

Minor league coaching career
In 1999, Yeager was the hitting coach for the Dodgers' Single-A San Bernardino Stampede, which won the California League championship. He managed the Long Beach Breakers in the independent (now-defunct) Western Baseball League in 2001. The team won the league championship in their inaugural season that year, beating the Chico Heat 3 games to 2. He was the Jacksonville Suns hitting coach in 2004, when the team won the championship, and in 2005-06 he was the hitting instructor/coach for the Dodgers AAA farm club, the Las Vegas 51s. He later joined the A Dodgers affiliate Inland Empire 66'ers and became the hitting coach in 2007.

Yeager was instrumental in the conversion of Russell Martin from third base to behind the plate.

In 2007, he became the manager for the Long Beach Armada of the independent Golden Baseball League.

Personal life
In September 1979, he and his family appeared on an episode of Family Feud. They played for a total of 6 days.

In 1982, Yeager posed semi-nude in a Playgirl magazine.

In 1991, Yeager filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

In July 1996, Yeager was sued by the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for allegedly misleading dozens of investors into donating between $2,900 and $3,500 into a fraudulent sports card brokering business. He was sued for the same scheme in November of that year in Illinois and in 1997 in California.

By 1997, Yeager had been divorced three times.

Yeager served as a technical advisor and also played a small role as Coach Duke Temple, in Major League, Major League II, and Major League: Back to the Minors.

In 2008, Yeager sued two filmmaking companies for nonpayment of $50,000 allegedly promised to him to serve as a technical advisor on the film Playing with the Enemy: A Baseball Prodigy, a World at War and a Field of Broken Dreams. Yeager allegedly had been hired to teach the film's lead actor to play baseball like a convincing professional ballplayer.

Yeager is a co-owner of a Jersey Mike's Subs franchise.

See also
List of select Jewish baseball players

References

External links

Steve Yeager Biography
Baseball Almanac bio
Famous (one of National Geographic 100 best) picture of Yeager kissing coach Monty Basgall
Yeager (with Garvey, Fingers, & Buckner) on the cover of Sports Illustrated for the 1974 World Series issue
"Minor league baseball:  Yeager is managing Breakers day by day", 8/29/01

1948 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dodgers players
Albuquerque Dukes players
American people of German descent
Bakersfield Dodgers players
Baseball players from Dayton, Ohio
Baseball players from West Virginia
Converts to Judaism
Daytona Beach Dodgers players
Dubuque Packers players
Jewish American baseball coaches
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Los Angeles Dodgers coaches
Los Angeles Dodgers Legend Bureau
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball catchers
Minor league baseball managers
Ogden Dodgers players
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from Huntington, West Virginia
World Series Most Valuable Player Award winners
21st-century American Jews

Steve Yeager


The W. H. Jones Mansion was built in 1889 at 731 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio as the residence of dry goods store owner William H. Jones and his wife Josephine. The original cost to build it was $11,250. He lived there until 1923. Jones modelled the house after another mansion in Barnesville, Ohio. The Olde Towne East Neighborhood Association successfully prevented it from being demolished to make way for a Long John Silver's restaurant. The home is an example of Queen Anne style architecture, with a corner turret, third story ballroom and a carriage house in the rear. Its foundation is high ashlar stone, its roof is slate, and the main body of the building is made of red pressed brick.

Since the Jones' occupancy, the building has also been home to a doctor's office as well as the Schorr-Ketner Furniture Company. The mansion was previously leased to community advocate Local Matters. The site is now home to the alternative school Columbus Learning Cooperative, a local alternative to traditional education. They serve students ages 10 to 18, providing resources for the self-directed education model.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbus, Ohio

References

External links

 Columbus Dispatch story featuring the house

Houses in Columbus, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Columbus, Ohio
Columbus Register properties
Olde Towne East
Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio)

W.H. Jones Mansion