Scholar's Aid is a shareware reference management software package. The project seems to idle. There have been no updates since September 2010.

Structure

Scholar's Aid program package includes a bibliographical data manager called Library, an importing/exporting manager called DataRetriever, and a notes/information manager called Notes.

Operation

Library manages bibliographical data drawn from a wide range of sources (books, articles, Internet web sites, etc.) and generates the common forms of citations (i.e., footnotes, endnotes, etc.) and bibliographies. The format of the resulting reference can conform to one of the standard styles (e.g., Chicago, APA, etc.) or to a style designed by users to meet their own specific requirements.

Notes manages quotes, notes, web pages, and other information in a hierarchical structure. Each note can be linked to its source in the Library module in such a way that, when a user transfers any text from the note into a word processing program, Notes automatically makes a citation with the text transferred in the open document.

DataRetriever transforms external data such as z39.50 data to Scholar's Aid data and exports Scholar's Aid data as various formats such as XML and plain text.

Issues

DataRetriever works with Windows Vista & Windows7.

Scholar's Aid, which has no Windows7 version, is probably incompatible with Windows7. However it can be installed (along with a companion file of updates) and run in the XP mode that can be downloaded for free from Microsoft and added to Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, or Ultimate editions.

See also

Reference management software

Scholar's Aid


Lloyd Parks is an American R&B/soul singer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. He is an original member of the Philadelphia International Records group, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. Lloyd is noted for his high tenor and falsetto vocal leads and harmonies. He is also a founding member of the Epsilons who backed Arthur Conley on his Atco Records hit single "Sweet Soul Music".

Early career
Parks started his career in music in the mid-1960s performing with various local Philadelphia vocal groups including the Emanons who hit with "One Heart" on "Phila Of Soul" Records.  He later merged with friends Gene McFadden and John Whitehead to form the Epsilons.  The group was managed by soul singer Otis Redding, and were soon signed to the Stax Records label. They toured for two years with Redding and backed label mate Arthur Conley on his 1967 recording "Sweet Soul Music".  The single reached No.2 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard R&B charts.  The following year the Epsilons a quintet that included Allen Beatty and James Knight released "The Echo."  The group disbanded following the death of their mentor Otis Redding.  Parks joined another local act the Broadway Express while McFadden and Whitehead reformed the Epsilons as the group Talk of the Town.

Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes
In 1971, Lloyd Parks was recruited to join the Philadelphia doo-wop group the Blue Notes reformed and renamed Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. He was joined by Teddy Pendergrass, Lawrence Brown, Bernie Wilson, and group leader Harold Melvin.  The Blue Notes were signed to Gamble & Huff's Philadelphia International Records in 1972.  "I Miss You (Part 1)" (No.7 R&B) was their initial Billboard chart hit as Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. Lloyd Parks falsetto vocal runs open the song which is led by Teddy Pendergrass with spoken word from Melvin. The next single "If You Don't Know Me By Now" released in 1972 is the group's first No. 1 R&B hit and was nominated for a Grammy Award. The album Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes featured both singles and reached No.4 R&B and No. 53 Pop. Parks next album with group Black & Blue reached the R&B Top Five and contained the hit singles "The Love I Lost (Part 1)", No.  1 R&B,  No. 7 Billboard Hot 100; "Satisfaction Guaranteed (Or Take Your Love Back)" and "I'm Weak For You." The hits for Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes continued with "Bad Luck (Part 1)", "Don't Leave Me This Way" and "Wake Up Everybody (Part 1)."

The Blue Notes
In the mid-1970s, Lloyd Parks departed the line-up and formed the Blue Notes.  He was later joined by Lawrence Brown, Bernie Wilson and John Atkins all former members of Harold's group.  Ali-Ollie Woodson of the Temptations was added to the line-up.  The group cut an album and singles for Fantasy Records.  The songs "Disco Explosion" backed by a remake of the Temptations' "All I Need" were released as a two-sided disco single in 1978. Lloyd toured for a brief period in the late 1990s with the Blue Notes, as a trio with Bernie Wilson and Gil Saunders.  He is the last surviving original member of the Sound of Philadelphia soul era line-up.

Discography

Solo singles
 "One Heart" (1967) - The Emanons
 "Sweet Soul Music" (1967) - Arthur Conley with Lloyd Parks & the Epsilons
 "The Echo" (1968) - The Epsilons single, Stax Records

Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes

Billboard albums chart
 Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes (1972) - (Gold)
 Black & Blue (1973) - (Gold)
 Collectors Item: All Their Greatest Hits (1976) - (Gold)
 Blue Notes & Ballads (1998)
 Ultimate Blue Notes (2001)

Billboard singles chart
 "I Miss You (Part 1)" (1972) - Number 7 R&B
 "If You Don't Know Me By Now" (1972) - No. 1 R&B, U.S. Number 3 Pop (Gold)
 "Yesterday I Had the Blues" (1972) - Number 12
 "The Love I Lost (Part 1)" (1973) - No. 1 R&B, U.S. Number 7 Pop (Gold)
 "I'm Weak For You" (1974) - Number 87
 "Satisfaction Guaranteed (Or Take Your Love Back)" (1974) - No. 6 R&B, Number 87
 "Disco Explosion"  / "All I Need" (1978) - The Blue Notes (Fantasy Records)

Personal life
He has a daughter named Ellie, also a singer, residing in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.

References

Living people
American rhythm and blues singers
Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes members
Singers from Philadelphia
Year of birth missing (living people)

Lloyd Parks (R&B singer)


Cost may mean:
 The amount of money needed to buy something
 Something other than money that is used up.  Example: "Going to jail cost 5 years of my life".  This usage is a metaphor.
 Cost function
 Cost of living, the amount of money it costs just to live in a certain place. It includes food, housing, etc.
 Opportunity cost, the value of the next best thing you give up whenever you make a decision.

Cost


David Lawrence McKay (September 30, 1901 – October 27, 1993) was the eighth general superintendent of the Sunday School of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1966 to 1971. McKay was a member of the general superintendency of that organization from 1949 to 1971.

McKay was born in Ogden, Utah, the oldest son of future LDS Church apostle and church president, David O. McKay. David Lawrence McKay became the second assistant to George R. Hill, the general superintendent of the Deseret Sunday School Union in 1949. In 1952, he became Hill's first assistant, where he served until 1966 when succeeded Hill as general superintendent. McKay was released in 1971 and was succeeded by Russell M. Nelson.

In the late 1960s, when his father was president of the LDS Church and ill, McKay often read his father's sermons in general conference. He also served as a mission president in the church's Eastern States Mission, based in New York City. While in this capacity he represented the church at a hearing on a constitutional amendment to overturn Roe v. Wade, expressing the church's support for the amendment.

McKay died in Salt Lake City, Utah, at the age of 92. He was married to Mildred Dean Calderwood.

See also
A. Hamer Reiser
Royden G. Derrick

References
 Arnold K. Garr, Donald Q. Cannon & Richard O. Cowan (eds.) (2000).  Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book)

External links
 David Oman McKay papers, 1897-1983

1901 births
1993 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
Counselors in the General Presidency of the Sunday School (LDS Church)
McKay family
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
General Presidents of the Sunday School (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Utah

David Lawrence McKay


Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, which is now southwest Germany. He started Hegelianism and is a part of German Idealism. He influenced many writers and philosophers, including those who agreed with him (Bradley, Sartre, Küng, Bauer, Stirner, Marx), and those who did not agree with him (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling). Hegel's books are difficult to read and deal with many different ideas at the same time. He has written about history, politics, religion, art, logic and metaphysics.

Major works
 Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes Sometimes translated as Phenomenology of Mind) 1807 (This gives an example of the problem: The English translators of the Phänomenologie des Geistes are not sure if they should translate "Geist" by "Spirit" or by "Mind", although the terms "Spirit" and "Mind" are sharply distinct in the English language.)
 Science of Logic (Wissenschaft der Logik) 1812–1816 (last edition of the first part 1831)
 Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (Enzyklopaedie der philosophischen Wissenschaften) 1817–1830
 Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts) 1821
 Lectures on Aesthetics
 Lectures on the Philosophy of History (also translated as Lectures on the Philosophy of World History) 1830
 Lectures on Philosophy of Religion
 Lectures on the History of Philosophy

Secondary literature
 Theodor W. Adorno, 1994. Hegel: Three Studies. MIT Press. Translated by Shierry M. Nicholsen, with an introduction by Nicholsen and Jeremy J. Shapiro, . Essays on Hegel's concept of spirit/mind, Hegel's concept of experience, and why Hegel is difficult to read.
 Avineri, Shlomo, 1974. Hegel's Theory of the Modern State. Cambridge University Press. Best introduction to Hegel's political philosophy.
 Frederick C. Beiser, ed., 1993. The Cambridge Companion to Hegel. Cambridge University Press. . The Cambridge Companions are a good way to start learning about a particular philosopher; this one is no exception.

Other websites

 The new HegelWiki
 Hegel.net - resources available under the GNU FDL
 Hegel.net  - wiki article on Hegel
 Alicia Farinati -  Hegelian Works  Several articles on Hegel. Available in English, Spanish and French
 Commented link list
 Hegel mailing lists in the internet
 Explanation of Hegel, mostly in German
 The Hegel Society of America
 Hegel in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 http://www.gwfhegel.org/
 Hegel page in 'The History Guide'
 Is Hegel a Christian?
 Rethinking the Place of Philosophy with Hegel - Call for Papers for Cosmos and History

Hegel texts online

 Philosophy of History Introduction
 Hegel's The Philosophy of Right
 Hegel's The Philosophy of History
 Hegel by HyperText reference archive

Continental philosophers
German philosophers
Writers from Stuttgart
Deaths from cholera
1770 births
1831 deaths

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel


Ancestor is a science fiction thriller novel by American writer Scott Sigler. The novel was released in podcast format in 2006, with it also being released in print via Dragon Moon Press in 2007. Ancestor was later re-released by Crown Publishing in 2010.

Plot
Ancestor follows PJ Colding as he and his crew are tasked with transporting a team of scientists to a remote snow-covered landscape to finish their project: to recreate the ancestor of all humanity in order to provide life-saving organs that would be compatible with all people. As a snow storm threatens to trap them on the island, the scientists succeed beyond their wildest expectations. The result, however, might just bring humanity to extinction.

Reception
Critical reception for the 2010 re-release of Ancestor has been positive, with Nerdist writing "It's like Michael Crichton and Stephen King had a fabulous, bouncing baby". The Guardian criticized the prose and characterisation as "rudimentary" but praised the pacing and denouement. BookReporter also praised the novel, citing its characters as a highlight.

Of the 2009 print release, HorrorNews.net wrote "I can see how this format was appealing for the more imaginative podcast format – but avid readers who enjoy fast-paced and exciting sci-fi thrillers will be disappointed by the print version of this effort."

References

2007 American novels
2007 science fiction novels
American biopunk novels
American thriller novels
Novels by Scott Sigler

Ancestor (novel)


Ameen Mohammad Albakri (أمين محمد البكري) is held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Bagram Theater Internment Facility.

The New York Times reports that Ameen had been held in the facility since 2003, and that he had been held in secret extrajudicial detention in the CIA's network of black sites, prior to his transfer to Bagram.
In 2008, the Yafie tribe of Yemen declared their "solidarity" with al-Bakri, and petitioned  President Ali Abdullah Saleh to recognise his constitutional duty to demand the release of al-Bakri to Yemeni authorities.

According to a habeas corpus petition filed on his behalf he was held in CIA custody for six months, in 2003, prior to being transferred to Bagram.
{{quotation|Though only Respondents know where Mr. Al Bakri was held during the first six months of his detention, it is likely that he was held in one or more CIA "black sites," where agents of the United States subjected him to torture, including terrorization with dogs, electric shocks, beatings with rifle butts, prolonged suspension, stress positions, and solitary confinement in "dog boxes."}}

Life and arrest

Born in al-Menorah, al-Bakri married and had two sons and a daughter. He became a shrimp merchant, who also dealt in gemstones.

He disappeared while on a business trip to Bangkok, and his family anxiously contact authorities for six months about his disappearance, until an article in Al-Sharq Al-Awsat reported that he had been kidnapped by American agents.

His brothers hired private investigators to trace his location, and were given a report that he had arrived in Bangkok and checked into a hotel, before disappearing.

A year after his disappearance, his family received a letter from the Red Cross informing them  that they had visited al-Bakri at Bagram Airbase and he was in good health, and hoped his family would take care of his three children.

 Habeas corpus submissions

Ameen Mohammad Albkri is one of the sixteen Guantanamo captives whose amalgamated habeas corpus submissions were heard by
US District Court Judge Reggie B. Walton on January 31, 2007.

On April 2, 2009 US District Court Judge John D. Bates ruled that Ameen, and several other captives held in Bagram, who were not captured in Afghanistan, were entitled to the same access to habeas corpus and other protections of the United States Civilian Justice system as those accorded to the captives held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.

Ramzi Kassem, a law professor at City University of New York, who volunteered to work on Ameen's behalf, has called for the original Bagram facility to be preserved as a crime scene.
According to The New York Times, Kassem explained his call for the preservation of Bagram: "What took place at Bagram is at the heart of many, if not most, Guantanamo cases. That facility is relevant to accounts of torture and coercion raised by many (Guantanamo Bay) prisoners -- and by present Bagram prisoners -- in their various cases before the military commissions and in criminal and habeas proceedings in federal court.''"
A new facility to replace the interim facility, which has been in use since 2001, was recently completed, and the current captives are planned to have been transferred to it by January 16, 2009. The DoD plans to demolish the hangars the old facility was housed in, in order to build a new headquarters.

References

Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
Living people
Bagram Theater Internment Facility detainees
1969 births

Ameen Mohammad Albakri


Epiphanius of Pavia (438–496), later venerated as Saint Epiphanius of Pavia, was Bishop of Pavia from 466 until his death in 496. Epiphanius additionally held the offices of lector, subdeacon and deacon.

During his lifetime, Epiphanius undertook several church-related missions and exploits. Two of the most significant of these were his journey, as an emissary for the emperor Julius Nepos, to the Visigothic king Euric; and his journey to Ravenna, where he confronted Theodoric the Great shortly after his defeat of Odoacer, and pleaded for the restoration of the civic rights of Roman aristocrats who had supported Odoacer.

Biography
Our primary source for Epiphanius' life is the Vita Epifanius written by Magnus Felix Ennodius, who knew him personally, travelling with the bishop on his mission to king Gundobad of the Burgundians in 494–6. According to Ennodius, Epiphanius' father was Maurus and his mother Focaria, who was related to Mirocles bishop of Milan (304-326). He joined the household of bishop Crispinus at the age of eight and became a lector, learning to read and write, as well as stenography. At the age of 18 he was consecrated subdeacon, and deacon at 20. Then Bishop Crispinus, as he lay dying, appointed Epiphanius as his successor in the presence of the ex-consul Flavius Rusticus. Although he resisted the ordination, Epiphanius was made bishop in Milan in his 28th year.

Shortly after becoming bishop, Epiphanius was asked to intervene between Anthemius and the barbarian leader Ricimer, appealing to both parties for peace. However, history shows that Epiphanius' efforts were in vain, for violence broke out between Ricimer and Anthemius; Anthemius was besieged in the part of Rome he controlled until his supporters deserted him, and he was caught attempting to flee the city disguised as a supplicant at the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, where he was beheaded.

Most of these confrontations and speakings to high-ranking figures proved to be successful endeavors; religious dignitaries such as Epiphanius had wide-ranging influence on the rulers and aristocrats during this period. In the eighth year of his episcopate (spring 475), the emperor Julius Nepos sent him on a diplomatic mission to Euric about Visigothic incursions. A peace was concluded, although Nepos was deposed by Orestes shortly after.

Cook notes that of "the thirteen years of Odoacer's matery in Italy, from the defeat of Orestes in A.D. 476 to the coming of Thodoric, A.D. 489 -- a period which embraced nearly half of the episcopate of Epiphanius -- Ennodius devotes but eight sections of the vita (101 - 107), five of which are taken up with the account of the restoration of churches." The only other incident Ennodius recorded during these 13 years was his successful petition to Odoacer to alleviate the rapacious demands of the praetorian prefect Pelagius.

Another success was Epiphanius' successful negotiations over the ransom of his sister Honorata, who had been abducted from the monastery of St. Vincent in Pavia, during the war between Theodoric the Great and Odoacer. After Theodoric had prevailed, one of his acts was to punish the Romans who had supported Odoacer by depriving them of their civic rights; Epiphanius went to the Ostragothic king and pleaded for their restoration. Theodoric granted the bishop's petition, on condition that Epiphanius act on his behalf and negotiate with the Burgundians to ransom the captives they took when they raided Liguria during the war between Theodoric and Odoacer in 489.

Epiphanius died following the rigors of his winter journey to Burgundy, on 21 January 496, in his fifty-eighth year.<ref>August Neander, [http://christianbookshelf.org/neander/light_in_the_dark_places/epiphanius_of_pavia.htm 'Allgemeine Geschichte der christlichen Religion und Kirche): '"Epiphanius of Pavia"]</ref> That particular year marked thirty years of his service to the church.

Veneration
Following Epiphanius' death,  Ennodius, his successor as bishop of Pavia, wrote a Vita'' or "Life" of Epiphanius; based on internal evidence dates its composition between 501 and 504. Epiphanius' relics were translated to Hildesheim in 963, where they are conserved in a grand reliquary chasse in the Dom. Despite the extensive evidence for the removal of his remains, there was in Pavia a persistent belief in possessing Epiphanius' remains. So strong was this belief that in the 18th century they reinterred what they considered the bishop's corpse in the church of San Francesco da Paola; later these relics were translated to the church of San Francesco Grande. In 1834, Bishop Tosi of Pavia formally recognized the authenticity of these remains.

References

Medieval Italian saints
Bishops of Pavia
5th-century Italian bishops
438 births
496 deaths
Burials at Hildesheim Cathedral
5th-century Christian saints

Epiphanius of Pavia


Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2.  This gas has no color. The gas was used as a weapon during World War I. It is responsible for most of the deaths related to poison gas during the war. Today, phosgene is used as a tool. It is used for organic synthesis.  When there is a small amount in the air, the smell is similar to that of freshly cut hay or grass.  Some soldiers during the First World War have stated that it smelled a little like May Blossom. When some compounds of chlorine and carbon burn or break down, small amounts of phosgene are given off.

Uses
Today, most phosgene is used to produce isocyanates. The most important isocanates in this context are toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Both are precursors to polyurethanes. Large amounts are also used to produce polycarbonates. Polycarbonate is produced from its reaction with bisphenol A.  Polycarbonates are an important class of engineering thermoplastic. They can be found in lenses in eyeglasses.

Safety
Phosgene is a strong poison. Its smell may not be noticed. Signs of exposure may sometimes be detected slowly.
Phosgene can be seen at 0.4 parts per million.  This amount is four times the safe amount.  Its high ability to poison doesn't come from the hydrogen chloride released by a process. It comes from the action of the phosgene on the proteins in the pulmonary sac of the lungs.  The sacs are where the oxygen goes into the body. Their damage makes it hard for the blood and air move oxygen and carbon.  This will make breathing very hard.  Badges are worn by those at risk of exposure.

Sodium bicarbonate may be used to make spills of phosgene harmless. Gas spills may be made harmless with a special liquid spray.

Other websites
 Davy's account of his discovery of phosgene
 International Chemical Safety Card 0007
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 U.S. CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response
 U.S. EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
 Regime For Schedule 3 Chemicals And Facilities Related To Such Chemicals , OPCW website
 CBWInfo website
 Use of Phosgene in WWII and in modern-day warfare (Refer to Section 4.C of the article)
 Phosgene -Citizendium

References

Chemical compounds

Phosgene


Amat Antono (born 5 October 1958) is an Indonesian politician who served as the regent of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java for two terms, 2001–2006 and 2011–2016. Initially elected as regent of his home regency through a legislative vote, he lost in its first direct election to his deputy Siti Qomariyah before defeating her in 2011.

Background
Amat Antono was born in Tegaldowo village, Tirto subdistrict, Pekalongan Regency on 5 October 1958. He graduated from Diponegoro University with a bachelor's degree in 1984, and later a master's degree in 2006. His wife Arini Harimurti was elected as vice regent in the 2016 local election. The couple has two children.

Career
Before entering politics, Antono was a bureaucrat, working in the transmigration body at West Kalimantan's Sambas Regency. In 2001, he ran as a regent for his home regency with local academician Siti Qomariyah as his running mate, and the pair was voted 27-18 into office following a heated two-stage vote at the regency's legislative council. In 2006, he ran for reelection against Qomariyah in Pekalongan's first direct regency election. Although he received the support of a coalition of 15 political parties including his party PDI-P, he would lose to Qomariyah, winning 207,705 votes to Qomariyah's 227,137.

Between his terms, he served in several offices, including head of an inter-regency coordination body, briefly as the acting regent of Tegal Regency, and as a special staff to the governor. He ran once more in 2011 and this time won 254,762 votes (54.75%), defeating Qomariyah following a campaign which strongly focused on infrastructure development programs.

During his second term, he released a legislation prohibiting the hunting of snakes. His second term expired on 27 June 2016, as he could not run for reelection due to term limits.

In the 2019 legislative election, Antono ran as a Nasdem Party candidate for the People's Representative Council from Central Java's 10th electoral district.

References

1958 births
People from Pekalongan
Politicians from Central Java
Mayors and regents of places in Central Java
Nasdem Party politicians
Living people
Regents of places in Indonesia

Amat Antono


State Route 54 (SR 54) is a west–east rural highway in West Tennessee, which runs from Covington to just north of Paris.

Route description

Covington to Alamo
SR 54 begins in downtown Covington in Tipton County at an intersection with US 51/SR 3. It then goes to a junction with SR 384. Shortly afterwards, it has a junction with SR 179. SR 54 then exits Covington and continues to the east, passing through Glenn and having an intersection with SR 14, which is its northern terminus. SR 54 then continues east and crosses into Haywood County. It then enters Brownsville and intersects SR 19, just a short distance away from its junction with US 70. It continues into town and has a junction with SR 1 (Old US 70) and begins a short concurrency together, and comes to a junction in the center of town with SR 76 and SR 369 and turns north to become concurrent with them, separating from SR 1. Just outside of town, SR 54 separates from SR 76/SR 369 and continues north. It then goes through Belle Eagle and crosses into Crockett County. It then comes to a junction with SR 88 and turns east to become concurrent with it and intersects with SR 188 almost immediately. It then comes to an interchange with US 412/SR 20 before entering Alamo. In the center of downtown, SR 54/SR 88 has an intersection with SR 221 and turns north, separating from SR 88. SR 54 continues north and has a junction SR 152 before entering Gibson County.

Gibson County
After entering Gibson County, SR 54 then goes through Frog Jump and intersects SR 457 before entering Trenton. There, SR 54 has a junction with SR 367. It continues and has a junction with US 45W/SR 5, turning north to run concurrently with it, and has a junction with SR 186. They continue north and have an intersection with SR 77/SR 104. US 45W and SR 54 separate, with SR 54 turning northeast and exiting Trenton. It then intersects SR 185. It then enters Bradford and comes to an intersection with US 45E/SR 43, turns north, and runs concurrently with it, bypassing Bradford to the east. It then comes to a junction with SR 105 (Old US 45E), and exits Bradford.

Weakley and Henry Counties
SR 54 then enters Weakley County and enters Greenfield. in downtown, it intersects with SR 124. SR 54 then separates from US 45E and turns east, and exits Greenfield. It then curves to the northeast, then north, and enters Dresden, immediately having an intersection with SR 22. A Short distance away, it has a junction with SR 89/SR 239, with SR 239 ending and SR 89 running concurrently with SR 54. They continue into downtown, then turn east, and intersect SR 118. They continue east together before separating and SR 54 continues east alone, having an intersection and short concurrency with SR 217 shortly afterwards. Further east it has an intersection and short concurrency with SR 190, and continuing east. SR 54 then crosses into Henry County, enters Como, and intersects with SR 140. It then continues east and has a junction with SR 218 before entering Paris. In Paris, it becomes concurrent with SR 69, and continues into downtown, where it comes to an intersection with US 641 and SR 356, with SR 69 turning south on US 641, SR 356 continuing straight, and SR 54 becomes the unsigned companion of US 641. They run north together to Puryear, where there is another intersection with SR 140. They continue north to the Kentucky state line just south of Hazel, KY, where US 641 crosses into Kentucky while SR 54 ends there.

The route's concurrencies include:
 from Brims Corner to Alamo,
 through the city of Trenton,
 from Bradford to Greenfield,
 through the city of Dresden, and
 (hidden designation) from Paris to the Kentucky state line.

Major intersections

References

054
054
054
054
054
054
054

Tennessee State Route 54


John Milton Brannan (July 1, 1819 – December 16, 1892) was a career United States Army artillery officer who served in the Mexican–American War and as a Union brigadier general of volunteers in the American Civil War, in command of the Department of Key West in Florida and assigned to Fort Zachary Taylor. Most notably, he served as a division commander of the Union XIV Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.

Brannan was scandalized by the highly publicized disappearance of his first wife, Eliza Crane Brannan, daughter of Colonel Ichabod Bennet Crane, in 1858; she mysteriously disappeared after taking a ferry from Staten Island to Lower Manhattan and was initially presumed to have committed suicide or been murdered, but it was later discovered that she had secretly fled to Europe and married another United States Army artillery officer, First Lieutenant Powell Wyman.

Early life and military career
Brannan was born in Washington, D.C., and was a messenger in the United States House of Representatives when he received his appointment to the United States Military Academy from Ratliff Boon, the U.S. representative from Indiana in 1837. His appointment was supported by 114 other Congressmen.

He graduated from West Point, ranked 23rd of 52 cadets in the Class of 1841, and was assigned to the 1st U.S. Artillery Regiment. Following graduation, Brannan served at Plattsburgh, New York, during the border dispute with Canada.

During the Mexican–American War, Brannan participated in skirmishing at La Hoya and the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras and Churubusco. He was brevetted to captain for gallantry for Contreras and Churubusco, and was severely wounded during the battle for Mexico City.

After the war with Mexico, Brannan served in Florida during the Third Seminole War. He remained in the American Southeast at various forts and posts from 1856 until the beginning of the Civil War.

Civil War service
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Brannan was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers and placed in command of the Department of Key West.

In October 1862, he fought in the Battle of Saint John's Bluff where he led infantry troops in the expedition on the St. Johns River against Confederate positions for control of Jacksonville, Florida. Also in the same month, Brannan was placed in command of the Department of the South (which at that time was co-terminus with the command of the X Corps) after Ormsby Mitchel's death. He was brevetted a lieutenant colonel for his service during the battle for Jacksonville, Florida. He served as department commander until January 1863.

In 1863, Brannan led an infantry division under Major General William Rosecrans in the Tullahoma Campaign where he fought at Hoover's Gap. He then fought under Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas during the Chickamauga Campaign in the XIV Corps. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Brannan's division was heavily engaged and he subsequently lost 38 percent of his command. Nevertheless, he was awarded a Regular Army brevet promotion to colonel for meritorious service.

When Rosecrans was relieved by Ulysses S. Grant, Brannan was reassigned from infantry back to artillery. He was promoted to the rank of major in the Regular Army in August 1863.

From October 1863 until June 1865, Brannan was chief of artillery of the Department of the Cumberland, where he oversaw the defenses at Chattanooga. He served in the Battle of Missionary Ridge and in the Atlanta Campaign, where he participated in the Battle of Resaca, the Battle of Dallas and the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. He was also present at the siege and surrender of Atlanta. He was promoted to brevet major general in both the Regular Army and in the volunteer forces for gallant and meritorious services in the Atlanta Campaign and in the field during the Rebellion."

From July 10 to September 25, 1865, Brannan was in command of the District of Savannah and the 1st Division, Department of Georgia, and of the District of Savannah from October 5 to December 19, 1865, and of the Department of Georgia from December 19, 1865, to May 31, 1866.

Postbellum career
thumb|Portrait
After the Civil War, Brannan mustered out of the volunteer forces and reverted to the Regular Army rank of major with the 1st U.S. Artillery Regiment. He was assigned to artillery duties at Fort Trumbull, Connecticut, Fort Wadsworth, New York, and Ogdensburg, New York.

While posted at Ogdensburg, he was part of the U.S. Army's response to the Fenian raids into Canada.

During the railroad riots of 1877, Brannan was briefly detached from his post at Fort Trumbull for duty in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was in command of three engineer companies, an artillery company (Battery C, 3rd U.S.), and a detachment of United States Marines. He left Fort Trumbull on July 23, 1877, and returned to command of the post on August 16.

Brannan transferred to the 4th U.S. Artillery Regiment in 1877. He retired from the U.S. Army with the rank of colonel on April 19, 1882, and moved to New York City.

Brannan was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Brannan died in New York and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, later reinterred at the West Point Cemetery.

An Endicott Era coast artillery mortar battery at Fort Worden was named after Brannan in 1904.

Personal life

Disappearance of Eliza Brannan
Brannan was married to Eliza Crane, daughter of Colonel Ichabod Bennet Crane (colonel of the 1st U.S. Artillery), on September 16, 1850.

While Brannan was posted in Key West, Florida from 1856, his wife lived in Staten Island with her young daughter and mother.

On July 20, 1858, Eliza Brannan disappeared while she was out shopping in New York City. After days of searching for the missing woman, it was believed by officials that she was dead. Captain Brannan himself reportedly feared she had committed suicide in a moment of temporary insanity. In 1860, however, Eliza Brannan contacted her brother (Dr. Charles Crane) and notified him that she was, in fact, alive: having originally fled to Italy, she was now remarried and living in Paris, France. Dr. Crane notified Captain Brannan of the news that his wife still lived.

Brannan soon learned that the man who Eliza had remarried was Powell Tremlett Wyman. A career artillery officer of the 1st U.S. Artillery regiment, Wyman met Mrs. Brannan through a mutual acquaintance and the two corresponded after her flight to Europe. In 1860, First Lieutenant Wyman was denied a leave of absence to visit his lover, and instead resigned his commission and traveled to Italy to join (and later marry) Eliza Brannan. At some point between 1860 and 1862, Wyman and Eliza Brannan returned to the United States, where they lived openly as a married couple.

With the advent of the American Civil War, the matter was set aside: John Brannan remained in Key West throughout 1860 and the first half of 1861, soon accepting a commission as a brigadier general of volunteers and engaged in action throughout the duration of the war. Meanwhile, Powell Wyman accepted a volunteer commission as colonel of the 16th Massachusetts Infantry in August 1861, and he was killed in action in June 1862 at the Battle of Glendale.

John Brannan never reconciled with his wife; he obtained a decree of divorce in 1863, and remarried in 1870.

See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Hubbell, John T., James W. Geary, and Jon L. Wakelyn, eds. Biographical Dictionary of the Union: Northern Leaders of the Civil War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. .
 Johnson, Rossiter, and John Howard Brown, eds. The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. 10 vols. Boston: The Biographical Society, 1904. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. .
 Wilson, James Grant, and John Fiske, eds. Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 6 vols. New York: D. Appleton and Co, 1887. .

External links

1819 births
1892 deaths
United States Military Academy alumni
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Members of the Aztec Club of 1847
Union Army generals
People of the Fenian raids
People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
Burials at West Point Cemetery
Crane family of New Jersey

John Milton Brannan


Mukhed taluka is a taluka in Nanded district of Maharashtra an Indian state.

Nanded district
There were 16 talukas in Nanded district as of November 2014, viz. Nanded, Ardhapur, Bhokar, Biloli, Deglur, Dharmabad, Hadgaon,  Himayatnagar, Kandhar, Kinwat, Loha, Mahur, Mudkhed, Mukhed, Naigaon, and Umri. In 1981, there were eight talukas in the district, viz. Nanded, Hadgaon, Kinwat, Bhokar, Biloli, Deglur (Degloor), Mukhed and Kandhar.

References

Talukas in Maharashtra
Talukas in Nanded district

Mukhed taluka


A mora (plural morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a unit in phonology that determines syllable weight, which in some languages determines stress or timing. The definition of a mora varies. In 1968, American linguist James D. McCawley defined it as "something of which a long syllable consists of two and a short syllable consists of one". The term comes from the Latin word for "linger, delay", which was also used to translate the Greek word chronos (time) in its metrical sense.

Monomoraic syllables have one mora, bimoraic syllables have two, and trimoraic syllables have three, although this last type is relatively rare.

ကိုးကား

မိုရ (ဘာသာဗေဒ)


A SIM box (also called a SIM bank) is device used as part of a VoIP gateway installation. It contains a number of SIM cards, which are linked to the gateway but housed and stored separately from it. A SIM box can have SIM cards of different mobile operators installed, permitting it to operate with several GSM gateways located in different places.

Usage and detection

The SIM box operator can route calls through the VoIP connection and connect the call as local traffic, allowing the box's operator to bypass high international rates and to reduce prices charged by local mobile network operators (MNO). In voice communications, typically a private exchange is used receive traffic from a local area, and the calls are routed over the internet to a SIM box in a remote region.  This business model of operation is commonly used to avoid higher tolls for non-mobile long distance calls, particularly those associated with lesser-developed countries.

SIM boxes are often used for lower rate VoIP to MNO termination purposes, including avoidance of high tolls in violation of carriers' acceptable use policies and the sending of mobile text messaging spam.

Some carriers attempt to detect and deny service to SIM boxes through various means, including cancellation or restriction of service to identified SIMs. SIM box operators often swap SIMs to replace restricted ones. They may also rewrite the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) of the SIM box, often using randomized IMEIs in ranges of or those assigned to common mobile phones to evade detection.

The use of SIM boxes is often legal, but the use may constitute competition of carrier contracts. One example is that of the country of Ghana, where the government use to challenge the use of SIM boxes. In some jurisdictions the common practice of rewriting or omitting an IMEI use to be challenged.

Telecommunications companies have failed to illegalize VoIP simboxes or any type VoIP operations globally, no country has achieved passing a bill or act to ban the use of simboxes and VoIP in general.

Call quality
As the normal mobile network are sometimes using a very outdated and low quality sound codecs (such as the GSM HR and FR codecs), a SIM box may provide local connectivity with superior sound quality.

References

VoIP hardware
Mobile technology

SIM box


Call of Duty: Vanguard is a first-person shooter video game developed by Sledgehammer Games and published by Activision. It is the eighteenth installment in the overall Call of Duty series. Vanguard's storyline is about the creation of special forces to fight an emerging threat at the end of World War II.

Shooter video games

Call of Duty: Vanguard


Morgan Lindstrøm (born 29 April 1956 in Oslo) is a Norwegian artist, composer, and synthesizer-performer.

Lindstrøm was a member of the synth-duo Langsomt Mot Nord during their "Westrveg" period.

His style has been described as "... rock propelled with influences from Norwegian folk and classical music, the synth work sometimes taking on the Michael Garrison wall-of-sound feel, with the finesse of early Vangelis".

Before Langsomt Mot Nord, Lindstrøm was a member of the band "Ixi". Ixi participated on a record released by NRK radio in 1982, containing the chosen bands from "Ungdommens Radioavis Rockemønstring", a competition of upcoming bands. Ixi was later seen in the renowned Club 7 in Oslo.

He is the brother of another Norwegian artist, Rune Lindstrøm of deLillos.

In 2007 Lindstøm started an electropop-band called SoulSheen, with Kaja Norum (lead vocals), Madeleine Schee (vocals) and Mikjel Helmers and Lindstrøm on synthesizers. The band have websites on http://www.soulsheen.com/ and http://www.myspace.com/soulsheen.

Lindstrøm have produced remixes under the alias Morganix for the Norwegian electronica-groups Schnodig, Substaat (2016) and Electro Spectre (2018), in partnership with singer Kjersti Helene Larsen.

References

Sources in Norwegian
 Morgan G. Lindstrøm Rockipedia

External links
 Langsomt Mot Nord Official Page

1956 births
Living people
Norwegian composers
Norwegian male composers
Norwegian keyboardists

Morgan Lindstrøm


Jessica Campbell-Jones-Cage, professionally known as Jessica Jones, is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Michael Gaydos and first appeared in Alias #1 (November 2001), as part of Marvel's Max, an imprint for more mature content, and was later retroactively established to have first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #4 (June 1963) in the Silver Age of Comic Books as an originally unnamed classmate of Peter Parker, created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko. Within the context of Marvel's shared universe, Jones is a former superhero who becomes the owner (and usually sole employee) of Alias Private Investigations. Bendis envisioned the series as centered on Jessica Drew and only decided to create Jones once he realized that the main character he was writing had a distinct-enough voice and background to differentiate her from Drew, though deciding to still name the character after her on the basis of how "two [people] can have the same first name".

Jones has since starred in three ongoing series: Alias, The Pulse, and Jessica Jones. Alias ran for 28 issues before ending in 2004, while The Pulse ran for 14 issues from April 2004 to May 2006, and Jessica Jones debuted in October 2016, published as a tie-in with the self-titled television series. She became a member of the New Avengers, alongside her husband, Luke Cage/Power Man, during Marvel's 2010 Heroic Age campaign. She has used various aliases throughout her history, including Jewel, Knightress, Mrs. Cage, and Power Woman. Jessica Jones has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful female heroes.

Krysten Ritter portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) streaming television series Jessica Jones and The Defenders, with Elizabeth Cappuccino portraying a young Jessica in the first and second seasons of Jessica Jones. Tara Strong voices the character in the video games Lego Marvel's Avengers, Marvel Heroes, and Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, while Michelle Phan voices a Vietnamese American version of the character in the video game Marvel Avengers Academy.

Creation
Jessica Jones debuted in the Marvel MAX imprint series Alias in November 2001. The character and series were created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Michael Gaydos. While Jones was created in 2001, she was retroactively established to have appeared earlier: in Alias #22, it is revealed that Jones appears just off-panel in the events of Amazing Fantasy #15, the first appearance of Spider-Man, and Bendis's New Avengers #51 retroactively establishes her to have first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #4 (June 1963) as an originally unnamed classmate of Peter Parker. Alias ran for 28 issues from 2001 to 2004, with most covers drawn by David W. Mack. After the end of the series, Jones and other characters from the series moved to Bendis' subsequent series, The Pulse. In a 2005 interview, Bendis claimed "Originally, Alias was going to star Jessica Drew, but it became something else entirely. Which is good, because had we used Jessica, it would have been off continuity and bad storytelling." Previously, Bendis commented:

 I was at one time toying with doing Jessica Drew because she has the best hair of any superhero in comics, but this book is entirely different than what that idea was to be. This character is totally different in every way but sexual gender. And there's that Jessica name that's not going to help me convince anyone. Any writer can tell you that the development process can be a sparkling and surprising one. You start in one place and end up in an entirely different one. I was also toying with a pornographic version of Dial H for Hero, doesn't mean that this is that book either.

By the time Bendis was actively developing the title, Jones was his central character, one with a distinct background and voice from Drew's.

Jessica Jones appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010–2013 New Avengers series, from issue #1 (August 2010) through its final issue #34 (January 2013). In a Marvel Comics podcast, Bendis expressed his desire to incorporate Jones into the parallel universe Ultimate Marvel imprint, an alternate Jessica consequentially appears as a senior at the Ultimate Peter Parker's high school in Ultimate Spider-Man #106, becoming a reoccurring supporting character in the series.

Fictional character biography

Origin
Midtown High student Jessica Campbell goes to school with Peter Parker, on whom she has a crush and is present when he is bitten by the irradiated spider which gives him his powers. She attempts to talk to him at that moment only to flee out of shyness after he reacts from his spider bite.

Jessica's father receives tickets for Disney World from his boss Tony Stark. On the way home, their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals. Her family is killed, and she spends several months in a coma. Upon waking, she is placed in an orphanage and adopted by the Jones family. Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength, limited invulnerability, and flight.

Jessica's adoptive parents re-enroll her at Midtown High, where she is ostracized by her classmates, especially Flash Thompson. Peter Parker (who has since become Spider-Man and lost his Uncle Ben) senses in Jessica a kindred spirit—someone who has also lost her family due to a tragic circumstance. Jessica mistakes his kind attention for pity and lashes out at him. She later witnesses a fight between Spider-Man and the villain Sandman in her school. This inspires her to use her abilities for positive ends.

Early years

As Jewel, Jones has a fairly uneventful superhero career until she intervenes in a disturbance at a restaurant involving Zebediah Killgrave, the Purple Man. Killgrave uses his power of mind control to place Jones under his command, psychologically torturing her and forcing her to aid his criminal schemes. After Killgrave sends her to kill Daredevil at the Avengers Mansion, Jones is rescued by Carol Danvers, the only Avenger who actually knows her. Jones undergoes psychic therapy with Jean Grey of the X-Men, who places a special mental command in Jones's subconscious to protect her from further mind control. During this time, Jones develops a brief romantic relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Clay Quartermain.

Due to the traumatic violation of her mind by Killgrave and the fact that she was barely noticed missing for eight months, a demoralized and depressed Jones gives up her costumed superhero life. She briefly adopts a darker identity as the Knightress and interrupts a crime meeting between the Owl and a mafioso, through which she meets up with fellow superhero Luke Cage. After defeating the Owl, she and Cage develop a lasting friendship. No longer a superhero, Jones opens a private detective agency. Longtime friend Carol Danvers sets Jones up with Scott Lang (the second Ant-Man), and the two date for several months. She also has an off-and-on affair with Cage.

Killgrave, still obsessed with Jones, escapes from high-security incarceration, but with the mental defenses Grey gave her, Jones breaks his control and knocks him out.

Later, Cage and Jones admit their feelings for each other. After she becomes pregnant with their child, they commit to their relationship.

The Pulse and Young Avengers

Jones takes a leave from the detective business and joins the staff of the Daily Bugle newspaper as a superhero correspondent and consultant, becoming a main character of the comic book The Pulse and a contributor to the same-name fictional newspaper supplement within. A pregnant Jones is attacked by the Green Goblin after the Bugle reported that he was secretly industrialist Norman Osborn. In response, Cage retaliates, and Osborn is exposed as the Goblin upon his defeat and incarceration.

Jones quits her job with the Bugle after publisher J. Jonah Jameson uses the paper to smear the New Avengers. Jones and Cage are living together when she gives birth to their child, whom they name Danielle after Luke's best friend, Danny Rand. Cage and Jones marry.

Jones appears as a supporting character in Young Avengers until the series ended. She returns in Avengers: The Children's Crusade #6 in which she, Beast, and Hawkeye attempted to defuse the situation between the Avengers and X-Men who were fighting over who was to punish the Scarlet Witch. She helps fight Doctor Doom and is present when Stature and the Vision are killed. She is seen hugging Hulkling in the final panel when the team is declared full-fledged Avengers by Captain America.

"Civil War", "Secret Invasion" and "Dark Reign"
In Marvel's 2006–2007 crossover storyline "Civil War", Jones and Cage reject Iron Man and Ms. Marvel's offer to join the Superhuman Registration Act. As part of the New Avengers, Jones moves into Doctor Strange's Sanctum Sanctorum, but after an attack involving the demonic villain the Hood, Jones is shaken by the experience. Desperate to protect her child, she leaves the New Avengers and registers for the Superhuman Registration Act, ending her relationship with Luke Cage. Jones is among the heroes who emerge from the crashed Skrull ship wearing her Jewel costume, although it is later revealed this Jones was a Skrull. The real Jessica Jones appears in Secret Invasion #7, in which she joins in the heroes' fight against the Skrulls and is reunited with her husband. After the Skrulls surrender, the Skrull impersonating Jarvis disappears with their daughter, leaving Jessica desperate.

Jessica is unaware that Luke has asked Norman Osborn for help in their search for Danielle. Osborn helps Luke recover Danielle, and Luke gives the baby back to Jessica. Spider-Man reveals himself as Peter Parker to the New Avengers, leaving Jones shocked to see that her former classmate is Spider-Man. She then tells Peter of her former crush on him, only to find out that he did not recognize her all this time, let alone remember her name, only remembering her as "Coma Girl", upsetting her. She later assists the Avengers in rescuing Clint after being captured by Norman Osborn. Jessica reveals that she was inspired to become a superheroine after witnessing an early battle between Spider-Man and the Sandman. Peter then tries to convince Jessica to return to the life of a superhero, suggesting that she could provide a better example for her daughter by going into action as a hero rather than simply telling her daughter about her old career.

2010–present

During the storylines of Marvel's 2010 "Heroic Age" branding campaign, Jessica returns to her costumed identity of Jewel and becomes a member of the New Avengers when the title relaunched in June 2010. She and Luke began searching for a nanny, interviewing characters featured from other comics set in the Marvel Universe. Ultimately, Squirrel Girl is chosen as Danielle's nanny. In The New Avengers #8, Jessica takes the name Power Woman to both honor her husband, Power Man (Luke Cage), and to be a role model for their daughter. However, following several incidents revolving around Thule Society attacking Avengers Mansion, and Norman Osborn's threat, Jessica quits the team and goes into hiding, realizing that it is too dangerous for Danielle to remain in Avengers Mansion due to the numerous potential threats.

Jessica later appears as an ally to the Mighty Avengers team formed by Luke Cage. Jessica and Danielle lived in the apartment of the Gem Theater, which was serving as the Mighty Avenger's base of operations. She and Luke would later be confronted by the Superior Spider-Man and his Spider Robots, who offered her a place on a different type of Avengers team that was to be run by him. Jessica swiftly found a babysitter for her child and refused before delivering a powerful punch to Spider-Man's face for his threat. The group was later backed up by She-Hulk and she and Jessica decided to go out for coffee. Jessica and Luke later switched apartments with an old friend of Luke's named David Griffiths. While moving in, Jessica spoke to the Blue Marvel about what it is like to raise a child of superheroes and expressed both her support and annoyance at her husband's choice to start another team of Avengers.

During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Jessica Jones became a member of the Defenders alongside Daredevil, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage. Alongside Cloak and Dagger, Doctor Strange, and Spider-Woman, she fought the Army of Evil during Hydra's rise to power where they were defeated by Nitro. Jessica Jones and those with him were trapped in the Darkforce dome by Blackout when his powers were enhanced by Baron Helmut Zemo using the Darkhold.

In October 2016, Jessica Jones, a new ongoing series, debuted. Another title, Defenders, was launched in 2017. Jessica is one of its main characters.

During the "Hunt for Wolverine" storyline, Jessica Jones and Luke Cage assist Iron Man and Spider-Man in searching for Wolverine when his body has gone missing from his unmarked grave where they attend an underworld auction and fight Mister Sinister. After the mission ends, Jessica and Luke learn from Tony Stark what he found in Mister Sinister's database as he informs them that one of the X-Men members is not a mutant and is a genetically-altered sleeper agent.

In 2022, The Variants, a five-issue limited series by writer Gail Simone and artist Phil Noto, began.  The series is about Jessica taking on a case that leads her to meet alternate universe versions of herself.

Powers and abilities
After coming into contact with experimental chemicals and spending some time in a coma, Jessica emerged with superhuman abilities. She possesses superhuman strength and durability, as well as flight, and can block mind control. She shows the capacity to lift a two-ton police car with little effort. Her strength has allowed her to lift up a giant-sized Goliath by the nostrils and toss him a short distance, break Atlas's nose, and render her fellow superheroine Jessica Drew unconscious with a single punch to the face. She later withstood being punched by a human on Mutant-Growth Hormone, sustained only mild bruising and a bloody nose, and was able to recover in moments, after being shocked by Jessica Drew's venom blasts. Despite this resistance to harm, Jessica sustained severe injuries, including a damaged spine and neck, a detached retina, and a broken nose after being attacked by both the Vision and Iron Man.

The character is also able to heal faster and more effectively than normal rate.

Jessica is also able to fly, and while she was able to fly quite well during her early years as a heroine, she has admitted that her flying ability degenerated while she was no longer an active hero. She has since displayed improved flying ability after joining the New Avengers.

After her ordeal at the hands of the Purple Man, Jessica was given a degree of psionic protection by Jean Grey of the X-Men. This psionic protection was sufficient to protect Jessica against a second attack by the Purple Man, though she had to "trigger" this resistance on her own.

In addition to her superhuman powers, Jessica is a skilled detective and investigative journalist.

Cultural impact and legacy

Critical reception
George Marston of Newsarama called Jessica Jones one of the "best female superheroes of all time," asserting, "Jessica Jones isn't your typical superhero – like her husband, Luke Cage, she doesn't even have a superhero codename that's stuck. But that's part of what makes her so great, and so unique among not just female superheroes, but superheroes in general. Gifted (or cursed, when you consider how she got her powers) with super-strength, flight, and invulnerability, Jessica got her powers as a teen when a chemical truck collided with her family's car, killing her parents and putting her in a coma. Though the development of her powers led to personal struggles through her early life (including a notoriously horrific kidnapping by the mind-controlling Purple Man), Jessica eventually became an Avenger, and one of the defining heroes of a certain era of the Marvel Universe. She's also a superhero mom, and even though that's caused its share of troubles for her, Jessica has fought through it all as a committed family woman as well as a hero." Gavia Baker-Whitelaw of The Daily Dot referred to Jessica Jones as one "greatest female superheroes of all time," stating, "A truly modern subversion of the superhero genre. Jessica Jones is a recent addition to Marvel canon, created for the adult-rated comic Alias. She's a hard-drinking private detective with super strength and a dark past. She used to be a traditional costumed superheroine named Jewel. However, she dropped the persona after being brainwashed and abused by the mind-controlling supervillain Kilgrave. Now struggling with PTSD and alcoholism, she's a private eye in New York. Best known for her acclaimed Netflix series, Jessica Jones is married to Luke Cage. She often teams up with the Avengers and other street-level New York superheroes in the comics." Riya Hotchandani of Sportskeeda named Jessica Jones one of the "most skilled detectives in comics," saying, "Jessica Jones is widely known among comic book fans as one of the greatest detectives in the Marvel universe. From her first appearance as a private detective in Alias Investigations to being an Avenger after marrying Luke Cage, Jones has solved many challenging cases. She is clever and street smart and possesses a range of powers like superhuman strength, superhuman durability, telepathic resistance, and accelerated healing. Apart from being a star PI, Jessica has also been an investigative journalist for The Pulse, which has made her skills shine in front of the world." Deirdre Kaye of Scary Mommy of described Jessica Jones as one of the "most popular and well-loved female Marvel characters," writing, "What's not to love about the surly and sarcastic Jessica Jones? You may remember her from the brilliant Netflix series. She has a pretty average comic book existence: Dead parents, run-in with a super serum that gives her special powers… you know the drill. The difference with Jessica Jones really lies in her personality. She's like a female Wolverine — leather jacket and all. While she spent some time in full superhero mode as Jewel, fighting with the Avengers, that level of optimism just wasn't her speed. Jessica is a private detective a la Veronica Mars."

Shawn S. Lealos of Screen Rant referred to Jessica Jones as a "huge star," stating, "Jessica Jones became a household name when her Marvel Netflix series was a critical hit. The character is a relative newcomer to the Marvel Universe, debuting in 2001, but she ended up as an important street-level hero and was quickly a member of the Avengers shortly after her introduction into the comics. While the Netflix series followed her as a private investigator, she actually has a rich history in Marvel Comics, although it was always behind the scenes until her official debut. The hero has gone on to marry one of Marvel's strongest heroes and has been part of some of the biggest crossover storylines in the company since her debut, giving her a history that is much deeper than her short time in comics might indicate. [...] Jessica Jones has done a lot since she made her debut in Marvel Comics. However, she has also paid it forward. In much the same way that Captain Marvel helped save Jessica and set her on the path to recovery, Jones saw some teenage heroes in need of direction and was instrumental in helping the Young Avengers form." Gary Walker of CBR.com called Jessica Jones one of Marvel's "most seasoned street-level heroes," stating, "Jessica Jones has the abilities of someone who should be helping out Captain Marvel or even the Guardians of the Galaxy. She had issues learning to fly initially, though this has since been mastered. Her strength and durability would allow her to hold court among the chief Avengers. This is not Jessica's calling however. She's done a great job battling her own inner demons, trying to become a better person and hero. Her bond with Luke Cage elevated not only her own self-confidence but made both partners better by association. Using her private investigator skill-set, she's one hell of a vigilante and one resourceful mother!" Rosie Knight of Nerdist described Jessica Jones as one of the "most brilliant women who solve crimes in the pages of your fave comic," writing, "Now a very famous sorta-superhero due to her very own show, Jessica Jones began as an unconventional comic book from Brian Michael Bendis and Michael Gaydos under Marvel's mature Max imprint. The story of a retired lesser-known superhero named Jewel who becomes a private eye, the explicit comic explored the harsh realities of being a hero. Jessica tries to uncover the secrets of her past and deal with her trauma all while brushing with other Marvel characters like Captain America, J. Jonah Jameson, and Rick Jones." Ned Beauman of The Guardian asserted, "There's still a very long way to go - and you might feel that, if you want to see female characters treated with any respect by their creators, the male-dominated world of superhero comics is just not for you. But there are exceptions. Two of Marvel's most entertaining writers - Buffy creator Joss Whedon and Lost staff writer Brian K Vaughn - have casts full of believable women. (Try Whedon's Astonishing X Men Volume 1: Gifted or Vaughn's Runaways Volume 1: Pride and Joy.) But perhaps the greatest female superhero of recent years is Brian Michael Bendis's Jessica Jones. Formerly a flying crime-fighter called Jewel, Jones hangs up her cape to become a private investigator. For more than 40 issues - now collected in a series of paperbacks starting with Alias Volume 1 - Bendis took us inside her head, creating one of the bravest, wittiest and most sensitive portraits of a female character that superhero comics have ever seen. Plus, she had a realistic body and didn't try to battle evil in a gold bikini and stiletto heels."

Accolades

 In 2016, The Hollywood Reporter ranked Jessica Jones 28th in their "50 Favorite Female Characters" list.
 In 2016, Entertainment Weekly ranked Jessica Jones 39th in their "Most Powerful Superheroes" list.
 In 2017, The Daily Dot  ranked Jessica Jones 21st in their "Top 33 female superheroes of all time" list.
 In 2018, CBR.com ranked Jessica Jones 7th in their "Marvel's 20 Most Seasoned Street-Level Heroes" list.
 In 2018, GameSpot ranked Jessica Jones 25th in their "50 Most Important Superheroes" list.
 In 2019, ComicBook.com ranked Jessica Jones 23rd in their "50 Most Important Superheroes Ever" list.
 In 2019, CBR.com ranked Jessica Jones 6th in their "Marvel: 10 Best Street Level Heroes" list.
 In 2020, Scary Mommy ranked Jessica Jones 4th in their "Looking For A Role Model? These 195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.
 In 2020, CBR.com ranked Jessica Jones 3rd in their "10 Best Detectives In Marvel Comics" list.
 In 2020, TheWrap included Jessica Jones in their "24 Badass Female Superheroes" list.
 In 2021, CBR.com ranked Jessica Jones 16th in their "20 Most Powerful Female Members Of The Avengers" list and 20th in their "20 Strongest Female Superheroes" list.
 In 2022, Newsarama ranked Jessica Jones 22nd in their "Best female superheroes" list.
 In 2022, The A.V. Club ranked Jessica Jones 16th in their "100 best Marvel characters" list.
 In 2022, Sportskeeda ranked Jessica Jones 5th in their "Ten best detectives in comics" list.
 In 2022, Bustle ranked Jessica Jones 18th in their "35 Best Female Marvel Characters Who Dominate The MCU & Comics" list.
 In 2022, Nerdist included Jessica Jones in their "8 Awesome Women Detectives in Comics" list.
 In 2022, CBR.com ranked Jessica Jones and Luke Cage 2nd in their "10 Healthiest Marvel Couples" list and 4th in their "10 Best Marvel Couples" list.
 In 2022, Screen Rant included Jessica Jones in their "10 Best Street-Level Heroes In Marvel Comics" list.

Literary reception

Volumes

Alias - 2003
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Alias #19 was the 63rd best selling comic book in February 2003. Alias #28 was the 73rd best selling comic book in November 2003.

Graeme Mcmillian of Wired stated, "The comic book that introduced Jessica Jones launched Marvel's "R-rated" Max imprint, finally letting fans know that their favorite superheroes did, in fact, know how to swear, they just felt very uncomfortable doing it. Taking full advantage of the freedoms offered by the imprint, creators Brian Michael Bendis and Michael Gaydos created Jones to be one of the company's most well-rounded female characters: flawed, bitter, self-destructive, and far more optimistic than she would ever allow anyone else to see. The roots of Jessica Jones are all here." Guillermo Kurten of Screen Rant ranked the Alias comic book series 5th in their "Brian Michael Bendis' best comic books" list, saying, "Alias was Bendis' gritty run alongside artist Michael Gaydos on superhero-turned-private investigator Jessica Jones. In this series, Jessica Jones was once known as the superhero Jewel but turned away from that life. Alias was praised for its approach as a psychological character study, with the series unraveling pieces of Jessica Jones' past and developing her character as she learns to heal from her trauma."

Jessica Jones - 2016

Vol. 1
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Jessica Jones #1 was the 22nd best selling comic book in October 2016.

Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave Jessica Jones #1 a grade of 8.8 out of 10. The issue features Bendis's writing and Gaydos' "heavy black lines and generally moody style," Schedeen writes. "The book has a vague noir quality, but also a humble slice-of-life one as well. This is a series that can showcase the shining heroes of the Marvel Universe and its most ordinary citizens. It's been a long time coming, but Jessica Jones has the solo book she deserves again. ... The fact that so much about Jessica's life has reverted to the old status quo isn't a drawback, but rather one of the book's main selling points." Blair Marnell of Nerdist gave Jessica Jones #1 a grade of 4 out of 5, stating, "It is a lot of fun to see her back in action, even if she doesn't quite have the same edge that she did in her original run. There's some minor swearing in the issue, but it feels a little tame ... If we didn't know that Gaydos drew these pages within the last year, we'd swear that this was a lost story from his original run."

Vol. 2
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Jessica Jones #2 was the 78th best selling comic book in November 2016. Sean Edgar of Paste included the issue in the magazine's "Best Comic Book Covers of November 2016" list.; and
Joe Ruggirello of IGN gave Jessica Jones #2 a grade of 8.9 out of 10, asserting, "It just feels right to have the Bendis/Gaydos version of Jessica Jones back ... for a series that seems to pick up right where we left off 12 years ago. ... [T]his new series wouldn't be the same without Michael Gaydos. His rendering of past Luke and Jessica is made poignant by their current state, the passage of time and damage done clearly expressed in their eyes."

Jessica Jones - Marvel Digital Original (Jessica Jones: Blind Spot - 2018)
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Jessica Jones - Marvel Digital Original #1 was the 460th best selling graphic novel in 2018.

Chase Magnett of ComicBook.com gave Jessica Jones - Marvel Digital Original #1 a grade of 5 out of 5, saying, "Jessica Jones is in very good hands. This first, surprise issue nails everything that readers have come to want from the character. The dialogue is pitch perfect, taking readers on a tour of the Marvel universe with plenty of small jokes, affectionate exchanges, and banter. There is a great detective story that plays out like a Chandler novel with an excellent added touch of drawing out details with inset panels. Most of all, there is a lot of heart both in Jessica's attitude and the family she has built. There is simply a lot to like about this comic that serves as both an introduction and continuation of one of Marvel's best. What a pleasant surprise." Jesse Schedeen of IGN included the Jessica Jones - Marvel Digital Original comic book series in their "Top Comics to Buy This Week" list in the week of October 29, 2019, stating, "Jessica Jones is one of the many major new characters Brian Bendis co-created during his long tenure at Marvel, and a heroine in need of a new steward now that Bendis has moved to DC. She found that in Kelly Thompson, the Marvel writer perhaps best suited to continue Jessica's troubled journey. For better or worse, Marvel elected to publish Thompson and Mattia De Lulis' Jessica Jones miniseries in digital-only form earlier this year. Whether it flew under the radar at the time or you simply prefer print to digital, now's your chance to see Jessica flourish under a new creative team." Sam Stone of CBR.com called the Jessica Jones - Marvel Digital Original comic book series one of the "best Jessica Jones stories," asserting, "Arriving in 2018, Jessica Jones: Blind Spot was a three-issue Marvel Digital series by Kelly Thompson and Mattia De Lulis. This was a new team to take on the character, but they smartly kept the private investigation aspects of her story and added a new look. In this, Jessica investigated a serial killer in New York City killing women with powers. When someone framed Jessica, she went to Doctor Strange for help and the body count began to rise. This kept Jones at her street-level best, telling a hard-boiled detective story."

Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter - 2019
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter #1 was the 321st best selling graphic novel in 2019.

Peyton Hinckle of ComicsVerse wrote, "You can't really talk about Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter without talking about the art and, more specifically, the artist. Mattia De Iulis pulls out what might be his best work for this series. Realistic, yet distinctive, Iulis has a style that naturally lends itself to darker comics (like Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter). An artist with heavily stylized linework just wouldn't have given the series the same weight and sense of reality. Part of the reason why we feel like Jessica's life really is falling apart is because she has a relatable face. Iulis' work is so realistic that it almost feels like readers are peaking into Jessica's non-fictitious story. As emotions run high for Jessica, emotions run high for readers as well. The second artist, Filipe Andrade, penciled the fake reality scene, where Jessica briefly thinks she's an idyllic little housewife. Iulis' realistic style definitely wouldn't have worked for this portion of the story. Andrade's heavily stylized linework perfectly emphasizes the distance Jessica has from reality at this point in the plot. This series flew under a lot of comic fans' radar. Since it's an online-only series, it didn't get publicity from LCBS or an array of variant covers. It's not nearly as flashy as most of Marvel's recent publications but, quality wise, it's better. From the storyline to the art, this series excels in almost every way. If you've never read Jessica Jones, Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter is for you…and, honestly, if you've read tons of Jessica Jones' arcs, Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter is still for you. It's what so few comics are nowadays: complex, entertaining, and visually stunning. Don't miss out on it." Christian Jones of Stardust gave Jessica Jones: Purple Daughter #1 a 9-star rating, saying, "Kelly Thompson expertly establishes the event that has torn Luke and Jessica's lives apart and the ensuing trauma of that. As a reader, you feel the doubt, the anger and the helplessness that these characters feel. As a mother, Jessica is placed in the most horrifying position that a parent can be placed in. Absolute and unconditional love for her child whilst having to face her worst nightmare every time she looks at her baby. Jessica Jones creator Brian Michael Bendis' great talent was humanising his characters, but Thompson has taken it to a whole other level. The artwork by Mattia de Lulis is simply wonderful. There's a photographic realism to his work that suits the story and characters perfectly. The characters are the focus of every panel with the background being less distinct unless it serves the scene. This allows the reader to be really drawn in by the story without becoming distracted by superfluous details. The use of colour, shading, and lighting is also used to the utmost effect, creating a truly convincing piece of neo-noir on the printed page. If Marvel Comics should ever revisit the Noir universe, a Jessica Jones caper set amongst seedy whiskey-soaked, smoke-filled bars in New York's criminal underworld is a must. After Brian Michael Bendis' triumphant run, Kelly Thompson's assured direction of Jessica Jones looks set to flourish. Bendis created a cynical, flawed, world-weary, reluctant superhero. It's exciting to see what facets Thompson will bring to one of Marvel Comics most interesting characters."

Jessica Jones: Blind Spot - 2020
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Jessica Jones: Blind Spot #1 was the 128th best selling comic book in January 2020. Jessica Jones: Blind Spot #2 was the 150th best selling comic book in January 2020.

Grace wright of Screen Rant called Jessica Jones: Blind Spot #1 a "brilliant new take", saying, "While Blind Spot is significant for a number of reasons, Thompson hits on one of the biggest in a letter at the end of the first issue: it's the first time Jessica Jones's original creative team, Bendis and Gaydos, have passed the torch to a new writer and artist in a solo book. Jessica Jones made her first appearance in Alias #1 almost two decades ago, and has been making expletive-filled waves in the Marvel Universe ever since. Jessica has certainly come a long way from her days begging for an audience at the front gates of the Avengers mansion, with her marriage to Luke Cage and the birth of their daughter, Dani Cage. Bendis and Gaydos have seen her through a number of trials and evolutions, but Thompson and De Iulis are ready to grab the character's reins and take her back to... a new sort of origin. Blind Spot successfully gives readers a new insight into Jessica Jones, without trodding on any of the character's development in years past. In fact, before one of Jessica's many haunting decisions reappears, she is more intently focused on her domestic life than any sort of imminent doom. Jessica seems to have grown, picking out the correctly-shaped cereal for her toddler, as opposed to whiskey for herself. While that isn't where Jessica is going to stay, it's a nice acknowledgment of Bendis and Gaydos' work, setting the tone for Thompson and De Iulis as they undertake the mighty feat of forging their own path in Jessica's story."

The Variants - 2022
According to Diamond Comic Distributors,The Variants #1 was the 94th best selling comic book in June 2022.

Hannah Rose of CBR.com called The Variants #1 an "intriguing first issue", stating, "Simone captures Jessica's essence well, balancing her hardened if heavy-handed cynicism with her vulnerability and humanity. The sequence where Jess tries on varying shades of lipstick under the watchful eye of the sales clerk is one of the best instances of this softer, more insecure, and human side of the otherwise badass and uncompromising character. Similarly, her more compassionate side is forced out by Daredevil as both hero and attorney, calling on her to assist one of his clients, a girl similarly manipulated by the Purple Man. Jess and Daredevil's relationship here is an uneasy one, their trust in one another is tested thanks to Daredevil's lie-detecting powers, yet the respect between them is plain as day. Powerhouse artist Phil Noto takes the reigns in Variants #1. His line art is elegant, smooth, fluid, and pretty to look at. He sticks to realistic body proportions with just enough stylistic liberty to keep everything easy on the eye and purely in the realm of fiction. He uses a soft, muted color palette with occasional washes of color, especially blue and fuschia. But, for the most part, he keeps things grounded with an appropriately sad, drab beige. Variants #1 demonstrates an excellent understanding of an often underutilized character, exploring her mindset and morals in the aftermath of a harrowing event. Unfortunately, its use of the multiverse leaves viewers wanting more. Time will tell if these different versions of Jessica's character and the alternate worlds they inhabit can be given the attention they deserve." Jenna Anderson of ComicBook.com gave The Variants #1 a grade of 5 out of 5, asserting, "The Variants #1 is not only a beautifully-constructed new look at the Marvel multiverse that fans know and love, it's a truly stunning and revolutionary new chapter in the ongoing story of Jessica Jones. Gail Simone's script brings the heartfelt, but world-weary tone that Jessica uniquely embodies, while laying the groundwork for a fascinating new twist on doppelgangers from another universe. When coupled with Phil Noto's effortlessly cool and timeless art, The Variants is an absolute knockout for Marvel Comics, and I could not be more excited to see what else it has in store."

Other versions

Multiple versions of Jessica Jones have appeared in Marvel's multiverse.

House of M

In the 2005 "House of M" storyline, Jessica was apparently dating Scott Lang.

What If

In What If Jessica Jones Had Joined the Avengers?, Jones accepted Captain America's offer to work for The Avengers. Perceiving that something was amiss with Wanda Maximoff (the Scarlet Witch), she alerted the other Avengers to her supervillainry, ensuring that the catastrophic events depicted in "Avengers Disassembled" and "House of M" would never occur. Jessica then married Captain America.

Ultimate Spider-Man

In Ultimate Spider-Man, Jones appeared as a senior student in the school Peter Parker attended. She was the executive producer of the school's television network. She later became jealous of Mary Jane Watson's superior film skills, and attempted to deduce Spider-Man's secret identity for the school newspaper, becoming suspicious of Peter Parker. Later on, after the events of Ultimatum, she claimed to have abandoned her attempts to figure out who Spider-Man was and instead wanted to focus on his heroics.

Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane

In Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane, Jessica was a student at Mary Jane's high school and was a former friend of Mary Jane until she became a goth. Mary Jane spent more time with Jessica after her breakup with Ned Leeds and became more goth-like until Jessica told Mary Jane it did not fit her.

Infinity Wars

During the events of "Infinity Wars", Gamora used the Infinity Stones to fold the universe in half, resulting in the creation of Warp World, where characters and histories were merged. Jessica Jones merged with Janice Lincoln and became this universe's version of the Beetle. She was also the fiancé of Scott Banner aka Little Monster (an amalgamation of Scott Lang and Bruce Banner).

Spider-Man: Life Story

In Spider-Man: Life Story, Jessica briefly dated Peter Parker after his split with Mary Jane and helped him track down the elderly Norman Osborn. Much like her Earth-616 counterpart, Jessica Jones of this universe also began a private investigator and founder of Alias Investigations.

Secret Wars

During the "Secret Wars" storyline, different versions of Jessica Jones existed in each of the Battleworld domains:
 In the Battleworld domain of Arcadia, Luke Cage and Jessica Jones assisted in fighting a horde of zombies from the Deadlands after the female Loki attacked part of the Shield.
 In the Battleworld domain of the Walled City of New York, Luke Cage and Jessica Jones are married and live in their residence in Harlem.

In other media

Television

Jessica Jones appears in Marvel's Netflix television series, portrayed by Krysten Ritter as an adult and by Elizabeth Cappuccino as a teenager.
 Introduced in a self-titled series,  this version was involved in a childhood car accident that killed her parents and put her in a coma. After she regained consciousness, Jessica was adopted by talent agent Dorothy Walker, befriended her adopted sister Trish Walker, and went on to graduate from Midtown School of Science and Technology in Queens years before Peter Parker attended. As an adult, Jones encountered Kilgrave, who enslaved her for eight months until she broke free after killing Luke Cage's wife Reva Connors on Kilgrave's orders.
 Jones appears in The Defenders, in which she and Cage help found the eponymous group to combat the Hand.

Video games

 Jessica Jones appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Alliance.
 Jessica Jones appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Future Fight.
 Jessica Jones appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Tara Strong.
 Jessica Jones appears in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Michelle Phan.
 Jessica Jones appears in Marvel Heroes, voiced again by Tara Strong. She was one of the Heroes for Hire that Luke Cage could summon in-game.
 Jessica Jones appears in Marvel War of Heroes.
 Alias Investigations appears in Spider-Man.
 Jessica Jones appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.
 Jessica Jones, based on the MCU incarnation, appears as a playable character in Marvel Strike Force. This version is a member of the Defenders and A-Force.
 Jessica Jones appears as a NPC in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, voiced again by Tara Strong. This version is a member of the Defenders.
 Jessica Jones appears in Marvel Snap.

References

External links
 Jessica Jones at Marvel.com
 Bendis Interview at Comic Book Resources (August 2005)
 Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed: Which Jessica for Alias?

Avengers (comics) characters
Characters created by Brian Michael Bendis
Comics characters introduced in 2001
Fictional alcohol abusers
Fictional characters from New York City
Fictional characters with post-traumatic stress disorder
Fictional private investigators
Fictional reporters
Fictional sole survivors
Marvel Comics American superheroes
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Marvel Comics mutates
Marvel Comics orphans
Superheroes who are adopted
American female characters in television

Jessica Jones


Systematic hierarchical approach for resilient process screening (SHARPS) is a cost-screening technique to assist designers achieve a desired investment payback period during preliminary design of water-using systems.  Heuristics involving equipment substitution and intensification are used to guide process changes.  SHARPS method has been used to yield cost-effective minimum water network for water-intensive facilities.

See also
Water management hierarchy
Cost-effective minimum water network

References

Mechanical engineering
Chemical engineering
Building engineering


"Elegy" is episode 20 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. It originally aired on February 19, 1960, on CBS. The episode was based on a short story by Charles Beaumont published in the February 1953 issue of Imagination: Stories of Science and Fantasy.

Opening narration

Plot
In September 2185, while on a routine geological mission, astronauts Meyers, Webber, and Kirby land their spaceship on a remote asteroid 655 million miles away from Earth after running low on fuel. They find that the atmosphere and gravity are identical to Earth's. Opening the hatch to the spaceship, they find they have landed near a farm. They initially think they have traveled back in time, due to the old tractor they find, although they notice that there are two suns in the sky. They find a farmer gazing off into the distance and try to get his attention, but realize he is just a statue.

They hear band music in the distance, and follow it to a town to find the music is being played on a speaker; the band is also just statues. The astronauts are disturbed by their surroundings as everything and everyone is eerily motionless. They hypothesize that time may pass at a different rate, but a nearby grandfather clock without hands leads them to believe that time passes normally and that there is some other reason for everyone's motionlessness. They are further confused as the statues appear to feel like flesh, or something similar to it. They decide to split up to explore it. One astronaut finds an odd beauty contest where an unattractive woman has been crowned the winner. After the astronaut departs, a man in the audience turns and smiles.

Converging on the center of town, they are startled to find someone who does move: "Jeremy Wickwire", the caretaker of this place. He is told by the men that a nuclear war destroyed much of the Earth in 1985, and that it has taken two hundred years to recover from it. Wickwire explains to the astronauts that the asteroid they have landed on is an exclusive cemetery called "Happy Glades", founded in 1973, where rich people can live out their life's greatest fantasy after they die. The town is one of many areas where people may be placed; others include the Roman era, the Egyptian era, and the Wild West. This town is the most popular because it represents a time in American culture where creature comforts were most abundant.

Wickwire serves the three men wine and asks each man what his greatest wish is. All three reply that they wish they were on their ship heading for home. Wickwire misunderstood who the astronauts were, thinking they were from the Happy Glades organization. He explains the reason Happy Glades exists is because it's not possible to have peace on Earth. Wickwire (who explains that he is a robot that has been deactivated for "about 200 years" and only turns on for occasional duties) apologizes to them, and explains that it is his job to ensure peace and tranquility at "Happy Glades". Suddenly, they realize that their drinks have been poisoned with what Wickwire refers to as "eternifying fluid". As the men are dying, the astronaut pleads for an antidote, and that they mean no harm. Wickwire responds that they "are men, and while there are men, there can be no peace."

Later, Wickwire re-installs the embalmed astronauts in their ship, posing them at their posts as if they were on their way home.

Closing narration

Episode notes
Inside the spaceship, "equipment" originally constructed for the film Forbidden Planet was reused for this episode, and shows up in a number of other Twilight Zone episodes. The sound effects heard inside the spaceship will be used again six years later as some of the sounds on the bridge of the starship USS Enterprise, in the original Star Trek television series. The song played in the scene with the frozen marching band is "Hot Time" by the University of Wisconsin's marching band. The set of the room of the frozen mayor addressing the crowd had been used in the previous episodes "The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine" as part of Barbara Trenton's home, as well as in "The Purple Testament" as the lobby of an Army hospital. It would be used again as a hallway of a college campus in "Long Live Walter Jameson" The scene with the couple dancing and the band playing 'Fascination' is a throwback to the movie 'Love in the Afternoon' starring Gary Cooper and Audrey Hepburn.

Further reading
DeVoe, Bill. (2008). Trivia from The Twilight Zone. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media.
Grams, Martin. (2008). The Twilight Zone: Unlocking the Door to a Television Classic. Churchville, MD: OTR Publishing.
Zicree, Marc Scott (2018) The Twilight Zone Companion 3rd Expanded and Revised ed. Silman-James Press

External links

 Text of original short story

Television episodes about death
The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series season 1) episodes
1960 American television episodes
Fiction set in 1973
Fiction set in 1985
Television episodes set in the 22nd century
Television episodes about nuclear war and weapons
Television shows written by Charles Beaumont
Works about astronauts
Television episodes directed by Douglas Heyes
Television episodes set in the 1970s
Television episodes set in the 1980s

Elegy (The Twilight Zone)


Joseph Beaulieu (21 May 1895 – 1 October 1965) was a Canadian composer, folklorist, and music educator. He traveled extensively throughout Canada collecting folk songs, which he compiled in several published books. As a composer, his works reflect his strong interest in folk music in there structure and melody. He wrote over 200 works, most of them folk-inspired songs or sacred songs. Also of note is his operetta Le Trésor du pauvre and his mass for four mixed voices, the Vatican II Mass, which was written for ceremonies held during the Second Vatican Council. A number of his pieces have been published by La Bonne Chanson and Thompson.

Life
Born in Mattawa, Ontario, Beaulieu began his musical training at the relatively late age of 20, studying piano with Oscar O'Brien and Amédée Tremblay in Ottawa. He soon after began performing in evening entertainments with his teachers and baritone Charles Marchand. With Marchand he traveled throughout the provinces of Ontario and Quebec giving concerts of folk music. During these travels, he began collecting Canadian folksongs which became a lifelong passion of his.

In the early 1920s, Beaulieu pursued further training at the Canadian Conservatory of Music where he was a student of Harry Puddicombe, ultimately joining the conservatory's faculty. After the conservatory closed in 1937, he joined the faculty of the University of Ottawa where he taught courses in piano, singing, and business. In 1942 he became a voice teacher at the Benedictines of St-Benoît-du-Lac.

In 1931 Beaulieu founded the Petits Chanteurs céciliens, a musical ensemble dedicated to performing Canadian folk music. He served as the ensemble's director through 1943 and for this group he arranged many Canadian folk songs from his collection. He published several books of Canadian folk song collections, including Chantez, les petits (Thompson 1960), the eight-volume series Mon école chante (La Bonne Chanson 1956–64), Gerbes de chansons nouvelles and Chantez petits et grands.

In 1943 Beaulieu moved to Toronto to assume the role of assistant director in charge of music education for the Ontario Ministry of Education. He remained in that post for the next 22 years. He was also highly active teaching in the North Bay area where he died in 1965 at the age of 70.

References

1895 births
1965 deaths
Canadian classical composers
Canadian male classical composers
Canadian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Canadian Conservatory of Music alumni
Academic staff of the Canadian Conservatory of Music
Canadian folklorists
Canadian music educators
Canadian opera composers
Male opera composers
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
20th-century classical composers
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century Canadian pianists
Canadian male pianists
20th-century Canadian male musicians

Joseph Beaulieu


{{DISPLAYTITLE:NRCs Best Dutch novels}}NRCs Best Dutch novels is a list of the most popular Dutch-language novels as of 2007.

This list is based on an internet survey on books, carried out by the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad in the beginning of 2007. The Dutch public originally voted for their best-loved books from a "long-list". The long-list also contained Flemish authors like Louis Paul Boon, Hugo Claus and Willem Elsschot. From this, a "short-list" of ten books was drawn up for further voting. In March 2007 the final voting as shown below was presented on the Dutch national television.

The list comprises 9 novels. The works by Nescio are three novellas which have been published together. The list no longer contains Flemish (Belgian) authors.

The 10 books
Harry Mulisch, The Discovery of Heaven; (1992)
Kader Abdolah, The House of the Mosque; (2005)
Multatuli, Max Havelaar; (1860)
J. Bernlef, ; (1984)
Willem Frederik Hermans, The Darkroom of Damocles; (1958)
Willem Frederik Hermans, Beyond Sleep; (1966)
J. J. Voskuil, ; (series; 1996 - 2000)
Nescio, , , ; (three novellas; 1911-1918)
Gerard Reve, De avonden (The evenings); (1947)
Thomas Rosenboom, Publieke werken; (1999)

See also

References

Dutch novels

Lists of novels
Top book lists

NRC's Best Dutch novels


The Honda Ridgeline is a mid sized pickup truck produced by Honda. The first model year for this truck was 2006; it has undergone several changes in design since being introduced. Unlike a traditional body-on-frame truck, the Ridgeline uses a closed box unibody frame similar to the one used on the Accord, Pilot and Odyssey. Despite good sales Honda pulled the truck in 2015. A second generation model was introduced in 2017. It shares much of its platform with the Honda Pilot three-row SUV, suitably beefed up for work and play.

For the 2020 model year, a nine-speed transmission replaced the outgoing six-speed. Also, thanks to independent rear suspension, it provides superior ride quality and handling. The spacious crew cab is comfortable and handsomely finished. Besides, it has a unique two-way tailgate and a large lockable in-bed trunk. For now, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and Honda Sensing safety features are packed as standard. The manufacturer suggested price for the new 2020 Honda Ridgeline varies from $33,900 to $43,520 depending on the trim.

Sources

2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Honda automobiles

Honda Ridgeline