The Ontario Northland Railway  is a Canadian railway operated by the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission, a provincial Crown agency of the government of Ontario.

Originally built to develop the Lake Timiskaming and Lake Nipissing areas, the railway soon became a major factor in the economic growth of the province. After decades of difficult construction through the Canadian Shield, workers reached James Bay in 1932. While blasting the route through the shield, geologists discovered deposits of valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper and nickel. The railway also made it possible to exploit the timber resources of Northern Ontario.

Its north–south mainline is located entirely in Ontario, starting at its southern terminus at North Bay, running northward through Cobalt, New Liskeard, Cochrane, and on to its northern terminus at Moosonee on the Moose River, about  south of the shore of James Bay. There is one major branchline running eastward from Swastika through Kirkland Lake and over the Quebec border to end at Rouyn-Noranda. The railway's branch from Swastika to Rouyn-Noranda, including 40 kilometres of track in Quebec, is operated by a subsidiary, the Nipissing Central Railway.

Shorter spur lines also exist running west from Rock Junction to Sherman Mine, south-west from Porquis Junction to Kidd Creek Mine, about 22 km east of Timmins, north-east from Porquis to Iroquois Falls and south from Opaz Junction to Agrium mine site. Several other mining spurs opened and closed with the mines they served. Since 1993, the ONR operates a section of the National Transcontinental Railway running west from Cochrane to Calstock.

History

James Bay Railway

The line was originally chartered as the Lake Nipissing And James Bay Railway in 1884. The original route ran roughly northward from Callander to Moose River on James Bay. However, in 1902, before construction started, the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) took over the charter and used it as the basis for a new line running northwest from Parry Sound to Sudbury, with an additional line running from Parry Sound south to Toronto. The section running south to Toronto opened on November 6, 1906. The northern section was completed in 1908, although by this time it had been rechartered as part of the Canadian Northern Ontario Railway (CNOR).

Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway (1902–46)
With the original plans having been dropped, and a railway on this route still desired, the new Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway was incorporated on 17 March 1902, by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act of the Ontario parliament. The railway was to be a provincial Crown corporation overseen by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission. Construction on the railway started in 1903, and the settlement of Redwater in the municipality of Temagami began as a small request stop when the railway reached the area of the Lower and Upper Redwater Lakes.

As it passed by Long Lake, near the 103 mile marker, the largest silver rush in Canada was sparked by workers looking for trees for railway ties. The town of Cobalt grew out of the fortunes of silver taken from the grounds. By 1905, it reached New Liskeard in the Lake Timiskaming area. The railway reached Englehart in 1906 and Cochrane in 1909. In the next few years, several branch lines were built.

In 1921, construction on a line north to James Bay was started. In 1923, the new Conservative premier of Ontario, Howard Ferguson, halted further construction, saying that it would be unprofitable. For four years the terminus of the line remained at Fraserdale, near Abitibi Canyon, where the Abitibi Canyon Generating Station was being built on the Abitibi River. Between 1928 and 1930 the railway was extended north at a slow pace. The pace of construction was quickened in 1930 as a make-work project due to the depression. The extension to James Bay was opened on July 15, 1932. The terminus of the railway was at the mouth of the Moose River near the old trading post of Revillon Frères. It was named Moosonee, from the Cree meaning "at the moose".

A name change for the railway was first proposed in 1942 by Arthur Cavanagh, who was chairman of the commission between 1940 and 1944. He noted that it would have the advantage of associating the railway with the province, not just the District of Timiskaming. A name change would also avoid confusion with the Texas and New Orleans Railway, which had the same initials. The Ontario railway often had boxcars misdirected in the United States, while receiving invoices that should have gone to Texas. The railway's name was changed to the Ontario Northland Railway on April 5, 1946, when a bill amending the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act received assent.

1946–2010

Three new mines were opened in Northern Ontario in the 1960s. Sherman Mine in Temagami was opened in 1968, Adams Mine in Kirkland Lake in 1963, and Kidd Creek Mine in Timmins in 1967. The Ontario Northland Railway built spurs to serve these mines.

In 1993, CN applied to abandon sections of its underused former National Transcontinental Railway mainline across northern Ontario (it had previously abandoned the portion of the line between Calstock and Nakina in 1988). The portion between Calstock and Cochrane was sold to ONR.

In December 2000, the Ontario government announced that it would be privatizing the railway. CN submitted a bid in March 2002, and in October the government gave it exclusive rights to negotiate a purchase of the railway. However, the deal fell through on July 2, 2003, over the government's insistence on job guarantees, and the railway remained in public hands. On February 25, 2005, CN and ONR signed a routing agreement in which ONR would transport CN's freight traffic between Noranda and either Hearst or North Bay.

On April 14, 2010, there was news of a proposed Ontario Northland takeover of the controversial Ottawa Valley rail tracks. However, this development never came to fruition.

Proposed divestment, end of the Northlander, restructuring (2012–2014)
On March 23, 2012, the Ontario government announced that it would begin to wind down the ONTC, citing increased costs to the government and stagnant ridership. ONR passenger train service between Toronto and Cochrane (the Northlander) was withdrawn and replaced with an augmented bus service, and all of the corporation's assets were to be sold off.  On August 16, the Ontario Government announced that Northlander train service would end on September 28, 2012, and Ontera will be sold off.

Northern Ontario municipal leaders had continued to express their fears regarding the divestment. They indicated that the ONR provides a fundamental link to many remote and rural communities and provides freight transport to many companies, including mining and forestry, allowing them to thrive.  They indicate that the government maintained its funding to the GO Transit network in Southern Ontario and it is important to not forget about the important service the ONR provides to Northern Ontario residents.  In February 2014, the new premier of Ontario, Kathleen Wynne, met with northern community leaders and the head of the company and union to discuss the future of the company. They decided the union and management would present a reconstruction plan to the government for consideration.

In late February 2014 a report to restructure the ONTC was delivered to the Minister of Northern Development and Mines.  The proposal detailed how the organization could be modernized both culturally and in job reductions through attrition.  The report was well received by the minister who appreciated how management and labour come together to explore options for the corporation.

In April 2014 the provincial government concluded the company would remain in public hands.  However, Ontera (its telecommunication division) would be sold off to Bell Aliant.  The government would reinvest in the company to purchase new coaches and refurbish rolling stock for the Polar Bear Express.  This decision was supported by other members of Provincial Parliament after the auditor general's review cited that it would have cost the taxpayer $820 million instead of saving $265.9 million over three years had the divestment proceeded.

Plans to resume passenger service
In May 2021, the provincial government announced  plans for Ontario Northland and Metrolinx to resume passenger operations between Toronto and northeastern Ontario with a 13-stop route to begin service by the mid-2020s. In November 2021, the decision was made to make the new terminus Timmins (previously Cochrane) due to its size and the fact that it serves as a regional transportation hub. A test run was conducted in March 2021, and again in November of 2021 where several northern Ontario mayors, MPPs, and local residents were taken from North Bay to Toronto's Union station.

In December 2022, the provincial government announced that it would purchase 3 new train sets from Siemens Mobility Limited at a cost of $140million. Each train set would consist of a Charger locomotive and three Venture passenger cars. The train sets are for the restoration of Northlander train service between Toronto and Cochrane, which would operate four to seven times per week depending on season. There would be 16 stops: Toronto (Union Station), Langstaff, Gormley, Washago, Gravenhurst, Bracebridge, Huntsville, South River, North Bay, Temagami, Temiskaming Shores, Englehart, Kirkland Lake/Swastika, Matheson, Timmins and Cochrane.

Passenger trains

ONR operates or operated the following passenger services:
 the Northlander ran from Cochrane to Toronto, 6 days per week, year-round until  September 28, 2012 when the Ontario Liberal Government discontinued it and replaced it with bus service. However, in May 2021 it announced plans for a resumption of passenger operations to begin sometime in the mid-2020s
 the Polar Bear Express from Cochrane to Moosonee, 5 days per week, year-round, and 6 days per week in the summer. This is a flag stop train.  The Ontario government has stated its intention to preserve this service even as the ONTC winds down, saying that it will "develop ... a new model to provide ongoing support for essential transportation services, such as the Polar Bear Express."
 the Dream Catcher Express from North Bay to Temagami, an early fall excursion service. This service ended in 2012.

In June 2007 the Polar Bear Express was expanded from a seasonal excursion service to a year-round passenger train, replacing the Little Bear mixed freight/passenger train, which had operated 3 days per week. The new train carries some equipment not commonly found on passenger trains, including chain cars (flat cars) for passenger vehicles and boxcars.

In April 2022 the Ontario Government announced that it would invest $75-million (CAD), into infrastructure and towards resuming service between Toronto and Timmins.

Freight services

Connections with other railway systems are made as follows:
 North Bay (CN and Ottawa Valley Railway, which connects to CP)
 Hearst (Algoma Central Railway)
 Rouyn-Noranda (CN)

There are a series of regular runs including:
North Bay to Cochrane – Weekdays
North Bay to Timmins (Hallnor) – Weekdays
North Bay to Rouyn, QC – Daily (except Saturday)
Cochrane to Hearst – Weekdays
Cochrane to Moosonee – Tuesday and Friday
Hearst to Agrium Mine Site – Daily

Locomotives and rolling stock

The railway currently owns about 25 diesel locomotives and roughly 700 items of rolling stock. One of its more unusual pieces of rolling stock is a canoe car, which is in service in the summer as part of the Polar Bear Express passenger train. The car can hold up to 18 canoes. Canoeists can put canoes on this car as part of their baggage, although canoes are often stowed in boxcars. It is the only known train car specifically designed for transporting canoes and kayaks.

In 1977, the railway purchased four RAm/DE train sets retired from the Trans Europ Express by the Dutch and Swiss railways, for use on its Northlander train. However, the experiment was not entirely successful. The locomotives were scrapped in 1984, although the passenger cars survived until the early 1990s. These surviving passenger cars were pulled by rebuilt Canadian locomotives (EMD FP7). The rear end of the locomotives was altered to fit to original cars. With the Canadian locomotives, the control car / DVT lost their function.

Many passenger cars used on ONR trains today are former single-level GO Transit cars that were extensively refurbished after being used for commuter service around Toronto.

In 2004, Ontario Northland purchased ten passenger cars, including dome cars, from BC Rail and has used some of them on the Polar Bear Express service between Cochrane and Moosonee.

 Highball steam engine – ex-Temiskaming & Northern Ontario  (later as 219) built in 1907 and Normetal 1938, then acquired by ONR in 1975 and sold to Northern Ontario Railway Museum
 4-6-2 steam engine () – stored in Englehart
 Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) F7B
 General Motors Diesel (GMD) FP7
 GMD GP9
 GMD GP38-2
 GMD GP40-2
 GMD SD40-2
 GMD SD75I
 EMD F40PH converted to Auxiliary Power Control Units (APCU)
 Montreal Locomotive Works
 MLW RS-10
 MLW RS-2
 MLW RS-3
 MLW S-4
 MLW S-2
 American Locomotive Company (Alco) RS-2
 Hawker Siddeley Canada corrugated coach – single deck coach acquired from GO Transit
 PM-class coach
 Budd dome coach
 Budd lounge car
 Budd lunch counter car
 Werkspoor/Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft TEE Trainset (No longer on roster, some cars have been shipped back to Europe, currently based in the Netherlands)

Facilities

 North Bay Yard – on the west side of the ONR Head Office and stores most of the ONR's cars. Ontario Northland's Refurbishment Division at the yard was contracted by GO Transit to overhaul some bilevel cars.
 Cochrane Yard – a small yard located next to Cochrane station at 3rd Avenue and 2nd Street (not the larger one to the east). Also site of ONR Freight Services.
 Temagami Work Shed – located north of the Temagami Station (1907) to handle freight
 Moosonee Yard – small yard to store box/rail cars and diesel locomotives, diesel shed
 Hearst Yard – a small yard in the core of the city

See also

 Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services
 Canadian National Railway
 Canadian Pacific Railway
 List of Ontario railways
 Rail transport in Ontario

References

Further reading

External links

 ONR Gallery Photos and Articles
 Ontario Northland in Moosonee
 Ontario Northland Railways Historical and Technical Society

Ontario railways
Passenger railways in Ontario
Railway
Companies based in North Bay, Ontario
Rail transport in North Bay, Ontario
Rail transport in Cochrane District
Rail transport in Timiskaming District
Railway companies established in 1902
1902 establishments in Ontario
Standard gauge railways in Canada

Ontario Northland Railway


Oxyosteus is a genus of trout-sized, highly compressed arthrodire placoderms from the Late Devonian of Europe: The two described species are restricted to the Late Frasnian-aged Kellwasserkalk Fauna of Bad Wildungen, while a median dorsal plate of an unnamed species is known from the Middle Frasnian Holy Cross Mountains of Poland.

Species have, in cross section, an extremely compressed body, a pointed, highly elongated snout, and tremendous orbits.  The living animals would have superficially resembled modern-day needlefish or houndfish.  As per the family, the trunk shield is short.  The genus is distinguished from other members of the family in that the plates are very thin, and the dermal surface is typically covered in small, closely packed tubercles.  The genus was originally placed in its own family, but was then later determined to be closely related to Brachydeirus and Synauchenia, and was then merged into the family Brachydeiridae.

Species

O. rostratus
The type species is the smaller of the two described species.  It has a stout, triangular shaped rostrum, and very small tubercles.  O. rostratus differs from O. magnus in that the former has a short antero-ventral process on its anterior lateral plate, and has a long and narrow anterior ventro-lateral plate.  Skull lengths range from 11 to 13 cm.

O. magnus
O. magnus is the larger of the two described species from Bad Wildungen; the skull length of the holotype is 18 cm long.  In addition to size, O. magnus differs from O. rostratus by having a very thin, needle-like rostrum, an anterior lateral plate with a long antero-ventral process, and a broad and short anterior ventro-lateral plate.

O. sp.
This unnamed species is based on an incomplete median dorsal plate suggestive of Oxyosteus.  The plate was found in the Middle Frasnian portion of the Late Devonian strata of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland.

See also
List of placoderms

References

Brachydeiridae
Placoderms of Europe
Fossils of Poland

Oxyosteus


The Hard Word (released in some regions as The Australian Job) is a 2002 Australian crime film about three bank-robbing brothers who are offered a role in a bold heist while serving time in prison. The film was written and directed by Scott Roberts, and stars Guy Pearce and Rachel Griffiths.

Plot
The plot centers around three brothers, sophisticated armed robbers led by the shrewd Dale who work with their long-time lawyer, Frank and corrupt police to pull off the biggest heist in Australian history. Matters become complicated when Dale begins to realize that while he's been in jail his wife, Carol has been sleeping with Frank, who has schemes of his own.

The major heist is a reworking of the 1976 Great Bookie Robbery, with a number of variations, including the murders of several people.

Box office
The Hard Word grossed $2,957,456 at the box office in Australia.

Butcher talk
A few times Butcher talk ("Rechtub klat") is spoken. At those times hard coded subtitles are used.

References

External links

2002 films
2000s crime comedy films
2002 black comedy films
2000s heist films
Adultery in films
Australian black comedy films
Films about brothers
Films set in Australia
Films set in prison
Films shot in Melbourne
Films shot in Sydney
Australian crime comedy films
2002 comedy films
2000s English-language films

The Hard Word


The Empire of the East series is composed of four science fiction/fantasy novels by Fred Saberhagen.

Premise
Some time in the future, a nuclear holocaust is averted by a computer named ARDNEH (Automatic Restoration Director – National Executive Headquarters), which initiates what is intended to be a temporary modification (later called "The Change") to the laws of physics to make nuclear explosions impossible. However, the enemy has a similar device, and when the two expanding wavefronts of The Change collide, the effect unexpectedly becomes permanent.

Following The Change, most technology ceases to function, while magic now works. Magical beings are also created. Demons are born from acts of violence at the time of The Change; the most powerful is Orcus, born of a nuclear bomb caught by a wavefront at the exact moment of exploding. After eliminating potential rivals, it establishes and rules the evil Empire of the East. Eventually, it is tricked and overthrown by John Ominor, its human second-in-command, who then becomes Emperor of the East. However, the tyranny remains the same. Orcus is locked away in a magical dungeon by Ominor and Wood, his most powerful wizard (who goes on to become the main antagonist of the subsequent Swords series set thousands of years further in the future).

On one continent, a resistance movement fights on under the leadership of Duncan, but is gradually being ground down by the greatly superior military and magical strength of the Empire. Rolf, a peasant farmer with an untapped knack for technology, joins the resistance after his parents are killed and his sister kidnapped by soldiers of the Empire. He is contacted by Ardneh (made sentient by The Change and the actual leader of the West), who uses Rolf's technological talents to effect repairs to and enhancements of itself. Rolf obtains a power unit that makes Ardneh much stronger. Ultimately, he becomes the conduit for Ardneh's plans to bring about the West's salvation.

Rolf helps destroy a regional tyrant in The Broken Land by driving a long-lost super-tank.  In The Black Mountains, he plays a part in defeating a much more powerful leader, Som the Dead.

In Changeling Earth, the war between East and West comes to a climax. Ardneh helps Orcus escape its prison. Orcus sees its main danger lies with its rescuer, not Ominor, so it attacks Ardneh. They are evenly matched in strength, and neither can kill the other, but Ardneh is immobile. Orcus orders the Eastern armies to converge on and assault the place where Ardneh's hardware is hidden. Duncan's weaker force defends Ardneh, but Ardneh tells Duncan to retreat when the situation becomes hopeless. Ardneh's components are captured piecemeal and destroyed ... which is just what Ardneh has planned. Too late, Orcus realizes its peril and tries to flee, but Ardneh holds it fast. When enough of Ardneh is disabled, The Change is partially undone or weakened. Orcus reverts to the nuclear bomb it was originally, and the resulting explosion devastates the armies of the East and kills Ominor.

Written in the 1960s and 70s, the books have a significant Cold War theme and the parallels between the American perspective of the evil east and the west are obvious.  The dominance of magic makes for a strong fantasy flavor, but remnants of the advanced weapons and technology of the old world appear throughout the series (the lake of life for wounded soldiers for example).

Written more than 30 years later, and taking place a thousand years after Rolf lived, Ardneh's Sword tells of how one of Rolf's descendants finds technology that Ardneh created but never used.  When this is activated, the Gods who feature in the Swords books are born.

Novels
The Broken Lands (1968)
The Black Mountains (1971)
Changeling Earth (1973), also titled Ardneh's World
Ardneh's Sword (2006)

The first three books are tightly connected, dealing with the West's struggle to bring down the Empire, in which Rolf plays a vital role. The fourth novel is set much later.

The first three books were substantially re-written and re-issued as an omnibus edition Empire of the East in 1979.

Reception
Greg Costikyan reviewed Empire of the East in Ares Magazine #1. Costikyan commented that "in Empire of the East, [Saberhagen] has produced an extremely interesting fantasy work. [...] Empire of the East is extremely cleanly written, moves along rapidly, and is fun."

See also
Books of the Swords, a related Saberhagen series

References

Fantasy novel series
Science fiction book series

Empire of the East series


Castell was a county of northern Bavaria, Germany, ruling a string of territories in the historical region of Franconia, both east and west of Würzburg. Little is known about the noble Counts of Castell, although they were the counts of Kreis Gerolzhofen, Regierungsbezirk, and Unterfranken of Bavaria. They were a member of the Fränkische Grafenkolleg ("Franconian Counts College").

The two main branches of the House of Castell were Protestant Castell-Remlingen (later split into Castell-Castell) and Protestant and Catholic Castell-Rüdenhausen.

Castell was composed of three territories (Flecken) and 28 villages, with about 10,000 inhabitants at the time of mediatisation. The County of Castell joined Bavaria in 1806.

Partitions of Castell
Castell-Remlingen (1597–1806)
Castell-Castell (1668–1806)
Castell-Rüdenhausen (1597–1806)

Castell, County of
Franconian Circle
1709 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

de:Castell (Unterfranken)
pl:Castell (wieś)
ru:Кастелль (Нижняя Франкония)

County of Castell


Pierre St-Jean (September 23, 1833 – May 6, 1900) was a Canadian doctor and politician.

St-Jean was born in Bytown in 1833. During the 1840s, he established a French language literary society there with J.B. Turgeon. He studied medicine at McGill College in Montreal and received his license to practice medicine in 1855. He worked for a while with another doctor in Ottawa and then practiced in Saint-Denis, Quebec. He married there but his wife died in childbirth in 1857 and he returned to Ottawa in 1858. He was one of only three Franco-Ontarian doctors in Ottawa at the time. He became part of the staff at the hospital operated by Élisabeth Bruyère`s Sisters of Charity, later the Ottawa General Hospital. He served four terms as president of the L'Institut canadien-français d'Ottawa.

In 1874, he became the first French-speaking member from Ontario in the House of Commons of Canada, representing Ottawa City. He was mayor of Ottawa from 1882 to 1883 being the first to have been born in it. During his term as mayor, the Canada Atlantic Railway link to Ottawa was completed.

Following his term as mayor, he remained on staff at the Ottawa General Hospital until 1898 and also worked at the Department of Public Works.

He died in Ottawa in 1900.

External links

References

Bibliography

1833 births
1900 deaths
Mayors of Ottawa
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Franco-Ontarian people

Pierre St. Jean


Chianti (), in Italy also referred to as Monti del Chianti ("Chianti Mountains") or Colline del Chianti ("Chianti Hills"), is a mountainous area of Tuscany in the provinces of Florence, Siena and Arezzo, composed mainly of hills and mountains. It is known for the wine produced in and named for the region, Chianti.

History

The territory of Chianti was initially limited, in the thirteenth century, by the municipalities of Gaiole in Chianti, Radda in Chianti and Castellina in Chianti and thus defined the "Chianti League" (Lega di Chianti).

Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, even decided in 1716 to issue an edict in which he officially recognized the boundaries of the Chianti district, which was the first legal document in the world to define a wine production area.

The villages of Chianti are often characterized by Romanesque churches and fortified medieval castles, signs of the ancient wars between Siena and Florence or as Monteriggioni, a fortified village north of Siena, on the ancient Via Cassia that leads to Florence.

In 1932, the wine designation specified the production limits for Chianti Classico, which is a DOCG (in Italian "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita", governed by Italian regulations).

Geography
In addition to the cities already mentioned at the origin of this region, the city of Greve in Chianti radically expresses its connection directly in its name or as Impruneta which claims the name Impruneta in Chianti although it is not an official designation.

Agriculture
Like all rural regions of Tuscany, there is no monoculture and there are vineyards, olive trees, cereals and potatoes.

Silviculture
In the lower hills, there is the exploitation of oak woods, on the higher hills those of chestnut and holm oaks. Everywhere there are cypresses.

Viticulture

The name of Chianti wine refers to a region strictly located in the provinces of Florence, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia, Pisa and Prato.

Cities in the region with explicit reference in their names:
Greve in Chianti and its hamlets: Panzano in Chianti, San Polo in Chianti
Radda in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti
Castellina in Chianti

See also
 Chiantishire

References

External links

Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
Geography of Tuscany
Wine regions of Italy

Chianti (region)


Films of the Golden Age is a quarterly magazine devoted to films and movie stars from the 1910–1960 film era in Hollywood. It is published by the Muscatine Journal division of Lee Enterprises, Inc., the same publishers of the monthly Classic Images magazine. Bob King has been its editor and general manager since its inception. As of August 2022, there have been 109 issue of Films of the Golden Age published.

History and profile
Films of the Golden Age was founded in 1962. The magazine is based in Muscatine, Iowa. Each issue typically profiles a half dozen performers from classic films, major stars and supporting players as well as less-remembered individuals in the film industry during the era. Most issues also have an article or two devoted to a specific film from the period.

Among the many performers who have been covered by the magazine over the years were Tyrone Power, Butterfly McQueen, Olivia de Havilland, Betty Hutton, Robert Mitchum, Noël Coward, Anita Page, Conway Tearle, Edna May Oliver, James Dean, Dorothy Dandridge, Gene Kelly, Esther Williams, Una Merkel, and directors Michael Curtiz, and W. S. Van Dyke.

The late Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne proclaimed Films of the Golden Age as one of his favorite magazines.

See also
 List of film periodicals

References

External links
 Films of the Golden Age website

Film magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1962
Magazines published in Iowa

Films of the Golden Age


Bryce Aron Max Harper (born October 16, 1992) is an American professional baseball right fielder and first baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Washington Nationals from 2012 through 2018.

One of the most heavily touted draft players in recent history, Harper has been cited as a "five-tool player." He left Las Vegas High School after his sophomore year so that he could attend the College of Southern Nevada, where he won the 2010 Golden Spikes Award. The Nationals selected Harper as the first overall pick in the 2010 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with the Nationals on April 28, 2012, at 19 years old. Harper was selected for the 2012 All-Star Game, becoming the youngest position player to play in an All-Star Game.

Harper won the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award in 2012 and tied for the NL lead in home runs in 2015. He was named the NL Most Valuable Player for 2015 by unanimous decision of the Baseball Writers' Association of America; at age 22, he was the youngest MLB  player to win the award. As a free agent during the 2018–19 offseason, he signed a 13-year, $330 million contract with the Phillies, the richest contract in the history of North American sports at the time, until being eclipsed shortly after by Mike Trout. He won his second NL MVP award in 2021 with the Phillies. The next season, he helped lead the Phillies to their first postseason appearance in 11 years, and was instrumental in helping the team win its first pennant since 2009, winning the NLCS MVP in the process.

Early life
Harper attended Las Vegas High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. In May 2009, Sports Illustrated featured Harper in a cover story, comparing him with LeBron James by similarly calling him his sport's "Chosen One". That same spring, he won Baseball America's high school player of the year award.

College career
He earned his GED in October 2009 in his junior year, reclassifying and making him eligible earlier for the Major League Baseball (MLB) draft in June 2010.

For the 2010 college season, 17-year-old Harper enrolled at the College of Southern Nevada of the Scenic West Athletic Conference (SWAC) in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), where he was a catcher. His older brother Bryan, who had been his teammate at Las Vegas High School, was one of the Southern Nevada Coyotes' starting pitchers, and the brothers often worked as a battery. An advantage for Harper in his eventual transition to his MLB career was that the SWAC, like MLB, uses wooden bats in conference play. In 66 games, he hit 31 home runs with 98 RBIs, hitting .443 with a .526 OBP, and a .987 SLG. Harper's 31 home runs in 2010 broke the school's previous record of 12, and he was named the 2010 SWAC Player of the Year.

In the Western district finals of the 2010 NJCAA World Series, Harper went 6-for-7 with five RBIs and hit for the cycle. The next day, in a doubleheader, he went 2-for-5 with a three-run double in the first game. In the second game, he went 6-for-6 with four home runs, a triple, and a double.

On June 2 that year, Harper was ejected from a National Junior College World Series game by home plate umpire Don Gilmore for disputing a called third strike. Harper drew a line in the dirt with his bat as he left the plate, presumably to show where he thought the pitch was. It was Harper's second ejection of the year and resulted in a two-game suspension. The suspension ended his amateur career, and Southern Nevada lost the game from which Harper was ejected. With Harper suspended, the team also lost their next game, which eliminated them from the tournament. Harper won the 2010 Golden Spikes Award, given to the best amateur baseball player in the nation.

Professional career

Draft and minor leagues
The Washington Nationals chose Harper with the first overall selection of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft. Although Harper had previously and predominantly played catcher, the Nationals drafted him as an outfielder to extend his career and to accelerate his player development so that he could debut in MLB earlier.

At the signing deadline, Harper and the Nationals agreed to a five-year contract worth $9.9 million, including a $6.25 million signing bonus and eight semesters of college tuition. When asked about the signing, Nationals President Stan Kasten said, "The truth is, with a full minute to go, Mike and I both thought we were not going to have a deal." Asked what changed in that final minute, Nationals General Manager Mike Rizzo replied, "It was both sides compromising and knowing that we were so close, it would be fruitless not to get a deal done." On August 26, 2010, Harper was introduced by the Nationals. He said he chose to wear No. 34 because "I always loved Mickey Mantle, three and four equals seven."

After batting .319 with a .407 OBP (and leading his team in hits, home runs, RBIs, and walks) in the Nationals' fall instructional league, Harper was selected to participate in the Arizona Fall League (AFL) as a member of the Scottsdale Scorpions taxi-squad, the second-youngest player in the history of the league (two days older than when Mets' prospect Fernando Martínez appeared in the league in 2006). He batted .343 and slugged .729. On November 20, Harper and the Scottsdale Scorpions won the 2010 AFL Championship.

After batting .399 in spring training, Harper began his minor league career when the Nationals optioned him to the Hagerstown Suns of the Class-A South Atlantic League. In April 2011, after a slow start in the minor leagues, Harper visited optometrist Dr. Keith Smithson, who reportedly told him, "I don't know how you ever hit before. You have some of the worst eyes I've ever seen." In his first 20 games after receiving contact lenses, Harper hit .480, collecting seven home runs, 10 doubles and 23 RBIs.

Harper was selected to represent the United States in the 2011 All-Star Futures Game during the 2011 All-Star Game weekend. He was promoted to the Harrisburg Senators of the Class AA Eastern League on July 4. Harper went 2-for-3 in his AA debut with two singles, a run, and a walk.

On August 18, 2011, Harper injured his hamstring while running from second to third on an extra-base hit. The injury was severe enough for him to be carried off the field by his coaches. He was placed on the seven-day disabled list and the injury ended Harper's season. Harper began the 2012 season with the Syracuse Chiefs of the Class AAA International League.

Washington Nationals (2012–2018)

2012 season: NL Rookie of the Year

The Nationals promoted Harper to the major leagues on April 27, 2012, after Ryan Zimmerman was placed on the disabled list. He made his MLB debut with the Nationals the next day against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Harper grounded out to pitcher Chad Billingsley in his first major league at-bat. He recorded his first major league hit, a double, in his third at-bat against Billingsley and got his first RBI on a sacrifice fly in the top of the ninth against Javy Guerra.

After being hit by a pitch by Cole Hamels in the first inning of a game against the Phillies on May 6, Harper eventually advanced to third, then stole home plate, becoming the first teenager to steal home plate since 1964. Hamels later admitted that he intentionally hit Harper and was suspended for five games by MLB. On May 14, Harper was 19 when he hit his first career Major League home run, connecting off of San Diego Padres pitcher Tim Stauffer. He was the youngest player to homer in the major leagues since Adrián Beltré did in 1998. He was named National League Rookie of the Month for May.

Harper earned his first walk-off hit on June 5 with an RBI single in the bottom of the 12th inning against the New York Mets.

During a game against the Toronto Blue Jays on June 12, Harper hit a deep home run to center field that struck an advertising banner adjacent to the restaurant in the second tier of seats at the Rogers Centre, estimated to travel 438 feet. After the game, a reporter asked if Harper would take advantage of Ontario's lower drinking age (19, versus 21 in the U.S.) by drinking a celebratory beer with his teammates. Harper replied, "I'm not going to answer that. That's a clown question, bro." The comment quickly developed into an Internet meme, and the phrase itself repeated, in response to a question, by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. Harper filed an application to trademark the phrase.

Harper was named a candidate in the All-Star Final Vote, with the winner being added to the All-Star Game roster. Harper finished third behind David Freese and Michael Bourn. However, Bourn would make the roster after Ian Desmond sustained an injury and Harper would become the youngest position player (and third-youngest player, behind Dwight Gooden and Bob Feller) to ever make an All-Star roster when it was announced Giancarlo Stanton would undergo knee surgery. "I don't have words to explain it right now. It's exciting to go. I'm excited to get there and be around all the top guys in the country, of course, and the top guys in baseball. I'm going to take it all in and try to enjoy it with my family and just be as mellow and as calm as I can," Harper stated. He went 0-for-1 with a strikeout and a walk.

Harper struggled in the games following the All-Star break, hitting .176 with 26 strikeouts in his first 116 plate appearances in the second half of the season. Manager Davey Johnson began to give Harper days off due to his poor play and visible on-field frustration. Johnson said that Harper had become "overly aggressive" at the plate.

Harper's play began to improve in late August. He hit two home runs in a game against the Miami Marlins on August 29, his first career multi-homer game, and received his first major league ejection after throwing his helmet down in the ninth inning in response to hitting into a double play. He had a second multi-homer game on September 5, against the Chicago Cubs. Harper was named Rookie of the Month again in September after hitting .330 with seven home runs. Harper's 254 total bases and 57 extra base hits were the most ever for a player under age 20, while his 22 home runs, 98 runs scored, .340 on-base percentage, .477 slugging percentage, and .817 on base-plus-slugging were the best regular season totals for a teenager in the past 45 years.

In Game 5 of the 2012 NLDS against the St. Louis Cardinals, Harper hit his first postseason home run. The Nationals would eventually lose the game 7–9 despite leading by 6 runs. He finished his first postseason appearance with a .130 batting average.

Harper was named the National League Rookie of the Year. He received 112 votes, 16 of them first-place votes, beating Arizona's Wade Miley (105 votes, 12 first-place) and Cincinnati's Todd Frazier.

2013 season
Harper hit two home runs against the Miami Marlins on Opening Day of the 2013 season. At age 20, he became the youngest major league player to hit two home runs in his team's first game of the season. He was voted a starter for the MLB All-Star Game, his second career All-Star selection.

After hitting 13 home runs in just 58 games, Harper was selected to participate in the 2013 Home Run Derby. Harper hit a total of 16 home runs in the first two rounds to advance to the final round, in which he faced Yoenis Céspedes, an outfielder for the Oakland Athletics. Although he lost 9–8 in the finals, Harper was the second-youngest player to participate in the Home Run Derby, and the youngest to ever make it to the final round. Harper hit his 17th homer of the season on August 6, the 39th of his career, passing Ken Griffey Jr. for most home runs by a player younger than 21. Only two other players hit more home runs than Harper before turning 21. In 118 games, he hit .274/.368/.486 with 20 home runs, 58 RBIs, and 47 extra base hits. During the 2013 off-season, Harper successfully underwent left knee surgery to remove a bursa sac.

2014 season
During a game against the San Diego Padres on April 25, 2014, Harper suffered a left thumb injury when he slid into third base on a 3-run triple. He was placed on the 15-day disabled list the next day. An MRI revealed that the thumb had a torn ulnar collateral ligament. On April 28, it was announced that Harper would require surgery to repair the ligament tear in the thumb. During a rehab game with the Double-A Harrisburg Senators on June 28, Harper hit 3 home runs in a single game. Harper returned to the Majors on June 30. In 100 games during the season, Harper batted .273 with 13 home runs and 32 RBI.

After the 2014 season, Harper planned to travel to Japan to participate in the 2014 Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series, but later withdrew.

2015 season: First NL MVP

On April 18, 2015, Harper hit the longest home run of his MLB career with a 461-foot drive over the center field wall against the Philadelphia Phillies. On May 6, Harper hit three home runs in a single game for the first time in his career. He did it against Tom Koehler, with one of the shots going 442 feet to the second deck in a 7–5 victory over the Miami Marlins. He became the youngest player to accomplish this feat since Joe Lahoud in 1969. Harper was later awarded the Player of the Month Award for May for the first time in his career.

Measured by adjusted OPS (OPS+), Harper's 2015 was a top-5 hitting season (since 1900) for all players under the age of 23, and the best season of any hitter since Barry Bonds a decade earlier. He also led the majors in WAR and tied for the NL home run title with 42. Harper also became the youngest player ever with at least 40 home runs and 120 walks in one season, a distinction previously held by Babe Ruth.

Baseball America named Bryce the 2015 player of the year. On October 31, Harper was named the National League winner of the 2015 Hank Aaron Award. On November 19, Harper was selected as the 2015 National League Most Valuable Player by unanimous decision. With his MVP win at age 23, Harper became the youngest player to unanimously win the award. Harper also became the first player in Nationals/Expos history to win an MVP award and the first player that played for a Washington team to win one. ESPN chose him as their 2015 MLB Person of the Year.

2016 season
On April 14, 2016, Harper hit his first career grand slam for his 100th career home run in a game against the Atlanta Braves. Three days later, he hit a home run for a fourth straight game, setting a new career streak for most consecutive games with a home run. He was named National League Player of the Week on April 18, after driving in 12 runs, tying a club record for home runs in consecutive games and becoming the eighth-youngest player in major league history to reach 100 home runs.

On May 8, Harper was walked six times in a game against the Chicago Cubs, tying the MLB record for most walks in a game. Harper also reached base seven times (besides the six walks he was also hit by a pitch), becoming the first player in over 100 years to reach base seven times without recording an at-bat. In total, Harper was walked 13 times in the four-game series, setting a new MLB record for most walks in a series. On May 9, Harper was ejected from the dugout for yelling at home plate umpire Brian Knight when teammate Danny Espinosa was called out on strikes. Harper returned to the field to celebrate the win with his teammates and was caught shouting profanity towards Knight. Two days later, Harper was given a one-game suspension and an undisclosed fine, but Harper appealed the same day. On May 14, Harper dropped his appeal and began serving the one-game suspension. In 147 games of 2016, Harper finished with a .243 batting average, 24 home runs, and 86 RBI. He also walked 108 times, and 20 of them were intentional that led MLB.

The Nationals finished the season with a 95–67 record, clinching the NL East division, but lost to the Dodgers in the 2016 NLDS.

2017 season
On Opening Day, April 3, 2017, Harper hit a solo home run, struck out, and walked against the Miami Marlins. His home run was the fifth of his career in a season opener, the most by a player younger than 25. He set the MLB record for runs scored in the month of April with 32, surpassing Larry Walker's 29 in 1997.

On May 13, Harper and the Nationals avoided arbitration in 2018 by agreeing to a one-year, $21.625-million contract. That night, he hit a walk-off home run versus the Philadelphia Phillies for the second time in the 2017 season, after doing it on April 16 as well.

On May 16, Harper hit a home run at PNC Park, which meant in his career he had hit a home run in all 15 National League ballparks.

On May 29, in a game against the San Francisco Giants, Harper was hit by a pitch from Hunter Strickland. Harper had hit two home runs off of Strickland in the 2014 National League Division Series (a series the Giants won), leading Harper to believe Strickland was seeking revenge. Harper slammed down his bat and charged the mound, throwing his helmet wide of Strickland before the two players exchanged punches, starting a bench-clearing brawl in which Giants first baseman Michael Morse, one of several former Nationals teammates of Harper on the Giants team, suffered a serious concussion in a collision with Giants pitcher Jeff Samardzija, which would go on to end his career. Both Harper and Strickland were ejected for their roles in the brawl. The next day, on May 30, Harper was suspended four games. Harper appealed, and his suspension was reduced to three games. Harper credited Morse with preventing him from injury during the scrum, as Morse had absorbed a body blow from Samardzija that appeared to be aimed at Harper, telling a MASN reporter, "I'm very thankful for Mikey Mo."

Harper was the top overall vote-getter for the National League to start in the 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game and received the most votes of any one player overall. As the starting right fielder for the National League All-Stars, he went 1-for-1 with a walk and made a diving catch to rob American League catcher Salvador Pérez of a base hit. He wore cleats for the All-Star Game in honor of the late Miami Marlins ace José Fernández, a division rival pitcher who had held Harper to a career .211 batting average against him; Fernández had been killed in a September 2016 boat crash.

On July 27, Harper hit one of four consecutive home runs by Nationals hitters off Milwaukee Brewers starter Michael Blazek; this was the first time that the feat had been accomplished in Major League Baseball since the 2011 season. On August 7, he hit his 150th home run. He was 24 years and 295 days old when he accomplished this feat, exactly the same age as Los Angeles Angels superstar Mike Trout when he hit his 150th home run. On August 12, Harper suffered a hyperextended left knee after reaching first base; the injury forced him to leave the game. It was later revealed that his left knee had a significant bone bruise, but no ligament damage, sending him to the disabled list but prompting team officials to say they were confident he could return before the end of the season. On September 27, Bryce was reactivated off of the DL against the Philadelphia Phillies.
On October 13, Harper went 2–4 with an RBI in Game 5 of the NLDS, and made the last out of the game by striking out against Chicago Cubs' closer, Wade Davis, ending the Nationals' NLCS bid.

2018 season
Harper began the 2018 season by drawing more walks than in previous years. He was batting .219 with 21 home runs and 50 RBIs when he was named a starting outfielder for the 2018 MLB All-Star Game, where he also won the homerun derby. He finished the season with a career-high 130 walks, 34 home runs, a .249 batting average, and 100 RBIs, marking his first season reaching triple-digit RBIs. He became a free agent after the 2018 season.

Philadelphia Phillies (2019–present)

Initially the Nationals sought to offer Harper a new contract with the team; however he later rejected two offers, describing them as disappointing. Numerous reports had also linked Harper to possibly sign a $45 million annual contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers, Despite the offer from the Dodgers, Harper signed a 13-year, $330 million contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on March 2, 2019. This deal set the record for the largest MLB contract until Mike Trout signed a 12-year, $430 million contract extension with the Los Angeles Angels.  Harper chose to wear No. 3 with the club, as the number he wore with the Nationals (34) was being considered for retirement by the Phillies in honor of the late Roy Halladay. At his first press conference, Harper misspoke, saying, "We want to bring a title back to D.C." The Nationals won the 2019 World Series in Harper's absence.

2019 season

Harper's first hit as a member of the Phillies was a 465-foot home run to the second deck of the right field bleachers at Citizens Bank Park on March 30, 2019, off Jesse Biddle of the Atlanta Braves. On August 15, 2019, Harper hit a walk-off grand slam against the Chicago Cubs. On September 3, 2019, Harper would bat his 100th RBI of the season for the second consecutive year and was the first Philadelphia Phillies player since Ryan Howard in 2011 to hit for 100 RBIs or more in a season. However, the Phillies missed the playoffs, being eliminated officially on September 24 by losing to the eventual World Series champions and Harper's former team, the Washington Nationals.

2020 season
In March 2020, the MLB season was suspended indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 15, Harper took to Instagram and suggested a potential 135-game season that would last from July through November. MLB eventually settled on a 60-game season that began on July 24. Harper hit .268/.420/.542 with 13 home runs and 33 RBIs and led the majors with 49 walks during the season.

2021 season: Second NL MVP
In 2021, Harper batted .309/.429/.615 with 35 home runs and 84 RBIs in 141 games. His slugging percentage led the major leagues. He also led the National League with 78 extra-base hits and tied for the major league lead with 42 doubles. He won his second career National League MVP award. He is the second player in MLB history to win a league MVP with two different teams before the age of 30, joining Barry Bonds.

2022 season: NLCS MVP and first World Series appearance
On May 12, Harper was diagnosed with a small tear in the ulnar collateral ligament of his right elbow. He received a platelet-rich plasma injection to alleviate the pain on May 15, but was not allowed to throw in the outfield for at least six weeks. He was used exclusively as a designated hitter to avoid further damage. While playing against the San Diego Padres on June 25, Harper was hit by a pitch from Blake Snell. In the aftermath, Harper suffered a fractured left thumb and ruled out indefinitely. He underwent surgery on his thumb on July 6 with three pins being inserted to stabilize the area.

In August, Harper was designated to the Lehigh Valley IronPigs in Allentown, the Phillies' Triple-A affiliate, as a final step in his rehabilitation stint from his thumb fracture in June. IronPigs' fans in Allentown greeted Harper's appearance enthusiastically, and Coca-Cola Park quickly sold out to its 10,100 capacity for Harper's appearance against the Gwinnett Stripers. In his August 23 appearance with the IronPigs, Harper homered twice. The Phillies surged in the second half to reach the playoffs, their first appearance since 2011.

In the 2022 regular season, Harper batted .286/.364/.514 in 370 at bats, with 63 runs, 18 home runs, 65 RBIs, 7 sacrifice flies (6th in the NL), and 9 intentional walks (9th), as he had the ninth-highest salary in baseball ($27.5 million). He played 90 games at DH, and eight games in right field.

In Harper's first postseason series since 2017, he hit a home run in Game 2 of the NL Wild Card Series vs St. Louis in an eventual 2–0 victory. With their advancement to the NLDS, Harper finally won a postseason series. He batted 8 for 16 in the NLDS against the defending champion Atlanta Braves, helping the Phillies win the series 3–1 and advance to the NLCS for the first time since 2010.

On October 23, 2022, during game 5 of the National League Championship Series, Harper hit a go-ahead two-run home run in the bottom of the eighth inning off of Padres right-handed reliever Robert Suárez. It would prove to be the game-winning hit, sending the Phillies to the 2022 World Series against the Houston Astros. At the end of the game, Harper was voted 2022 NLCS MVP.

During his first World Series, Harper went 4 for 20 at bats, scoring a run each in Games 1 and 3. Most notably, in Game 3, Harper hit the first of five homers from the Phillies against Lance McCullers, Jr., with the game tying the record for most home runs from a single team in one World Series game. The Phillies lost against the Astros four games to two.

2023 season
On November 23, 2022, Harper underwent Tommy John surgery for his ligament tear and was expected to be able to return as the Phillies' everyday designated hitter at around the All-Star break. Harper rejoined the team earlier than expected, in early May, brandishing a large arm brace. In July, Harper made his first career start as a first baseman.

International career
Harper played for the United States U-18 baseball team in 2008, before he was drafted by the Nationals. In 2009, he represented the United States at the Pan American U-18 Baseball Championship, in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, where the team won gold.

On August 12, 2022, Harper announced that he would join the United States national baseball team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, joining fellow Phillies J. T. Realmuto and Trea Turner. However, Harper was unable to play due to rehabbing from Tommy John surgery in the offseason.

Harper later expressed his hope that MLB players would be allowed to participate in the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles after it was announced in 2023 that baseball would return as a competition sport. "I'm going to be old at that point, so I don't know if they're going to want me on the team, but it's always a dream... I would love to put 'USA' on my chest and represent it at the highest level. I know the WBC, and everyone loves that and it's great for the game, but it's not the Olympics."

Career accomplishments

 2× NL Most Valuable Player (2015, 2021)
 7× MLB All-Star selection (2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022)
 National League Rookie of the Year (2012)
 2× NL Hank Aaron Award (2015, 2021)
 Silver Slugger Award (2015, 2021)
 NLCS MVP (2022)
 ESPN MLB Person of the Year (2015)
 All-Star Futures Game selection (2011)
 Golden Spikes Award (2010)
 SWAC Player of the Year (2010)
 Baseball America High School Player of the Year (2009)

Personal life
Harper resides in Henderson, Nevada, during the off-season. His father, Ron, is an ironworker in Las Vegas and his mother is Sherilyn Harper. Harper attributes his work ethic to the lessons he learned from watching his father: "I wanted to come out and I wanted to work hard because he worked hard. He did it for over 25 years." Harper's older brother, Bryan, also played in the Washington Nationals organization. While playing on different teams within the Nationals organization, the Harper brothers spoke by phone "almost every day" during the baseball season, according to Bryce. When he was a youth in Las Vegas, he also played alongside Joey Gallo and Kris Bryant.

Harper is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Though serving a mission is strongly encouraged for male members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who are between the ages of 18 and 26, it is not required.  In a 2016 interview, he said, "Coming up to the draft and trying to make that decision, I always thought that my Heavenly Father upstairs always just wanted me to be a walking Book of Mormon, you could say," [...] "I knew that I could touch a lot of people's lives playing and trying to be the best Mormon that I can be on and off the field."

Harper and his girlfriend Kayla Varner were engaged in 2014, but their wedding that was set for January 2015 did not take place. In July 2016, Kayla announced the couple's reconciliation and re-engagement. They were married at the San Diego California Temple in December 2016. Their first child, a son, was born in Las Vegas on August 22, 2019, while Harper was with his wife on paternity leave. Their second child, a daughter, was born in November 2020.

In 2018, the Washington Nationals Dream Foundation and the District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation renovated a baseball field in the Takoma neighborhood of Washington, D.C., and named it Bryce Harper Field.

Harper is a fan of the Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL. He dropped the puck before a game in their inaugural season and put the Golden Knights' logo on his bat during their run to the Stanley Cup Finals in 2018. After his first son's birth, the Vegas Golden Knights gifted him a personalized jersey.

Endorsements and other media appearances
Harper was featured in an episode of ESPN E:60. He was featured naked in ESPN's The Magazine 2015 Body Issue. Harper has appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on two occasions, the first in 2016 to play Catch Phrase with Fallon, Andy Samberg and Gigi Hadid, and the second in 2019 to play the video game MLB The Show 19 with Fallon, the latter of which featured Harper as the cover athlete. In 2016, Harper signed a 10-year extension with apparel company Under Armour, at the time the largest endorsement deal in history for a baseball player.

See also

 List of largest sports contracts
 List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career games played as a right fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders
 List of National League annual slugging percentage leaders
 List of people from Las Vegas
 List of Philadelphia Phillies award winners and league leaders
 List of Washington Nationals team records

References

External links

Bryce Harper at Baseball Almanac
Bryce Harper  at Baseball Gauge

1992 births
Living people
Baseball players from Las Vegas
Hagerstown Suns players
Harrisburg Senators players
Las Vegas High School alumni
Latter Day Saints from Nevada
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Major League Baseball right fielders
National League All-Stars
National League Championship Series MVPs
National League Most Valuable Player Award winners
National League home run champions
Philadelphia Phillies players
Potomac Nationals players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Silver Slugger Award winners
Southern Nevada Coyotes baseball players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Twitch (service) streamers
Washington Nationals players

Bryce Harper


Köhler is a German occupational surname literlly meaning "charcoal burner"

People
Horst Köhler, real name of the singer Guildo Horn (born 1963)
Ilse Köhler, the maiden name of Ilse Koch, (1906–1967), Nazi war criminal
Alban Köhler (1874–1947), German radiologist. Born in Petsa (Thuringia), he discovered a rare foot disorder found in children which was named Köhler disease in his honour. He died in Niederselters
August Köhler (1866–1948), microscopist and inventor of the Köhler illumination
Axel Köhler (born 1959), German countertenor and opera director. In 1994, he won the Handel Prize. Since 2009, he has been Artistic Director of the Halle Opera House
Bedřich Köhler (born 1985), Czech professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Zlín in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season
Benjamin Köhler (born 1980), football player
Christian Köhler (1809–1861), German painter
Dirk Köhler (1968–1994), German sport shooter who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born in Karlsruhe
Emmy Köhler (1858–1925), born 22 May 1858 in Stockholm, Sweden, dead 2 February 1925 in Fresta, Sweden was a Swedish hymnwriter and writer
Erich Köhler (1892–1958), German politician. President of the Bundestag, 7 September 1949–18 October 1950
Ernesto Köhler (1849–1907), flute player and composer
Eva Köhler (born 1947), First Lady of Germany 2004–2010
Franz Köhler (1901–1982), Austrian football manager and former player. He managed the Icelandic national team from 1953 to 1954
Frauke Köhler (born 1983), German State attorney
Georg Köhler (1900–1972), German international footballer
Georges J. F. Köhler (1946–1995), biologist and 1984 Nobel laureate in Medicine
Gundolf Köhler (1959–1980), right-wing extremist
Heinrich Köhler (1878–1949), German politician who served as the fifth and eighth State President of Baden and the eleventh Minister of Finance in the Weimar Republic
Hermann Köhler (born 1950), former sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres. He represented West Germany and competed for the club TV Wattenscheid
Hilding Köhler (1888–1982), professor of Meteorology at the University of Uppsala in Uppsala, Sweden who performed groundbreaking research in cloud physics
Horst Köhler (born 1943), President of Germany (2004–2010)
Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler (1818–1873), Dutch colonial Major General
Johann David Köhler (1684–1755), library and information scientist
Juliane Köhler (born 1965), German actress
Jörn Köhler (born 1970), German Herpetologist. His main research focus is on tropical amphibians and reptiles, mainly in South America and Africa. He works for the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt and published in a number of scientific magazines
Jürgen Köhler (born 1946), former East German slalom canoeist who competed in the 1960s and 1970s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (C-1 team: 1971), a silver (C-1 team: 1967) and a bronze (C-2 team: 1973)
Katarina Köhler (born 1954), Swedish politician
Koos Köhler (1905–1965), Dutch water polo player. He competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics, where the Dutch team shared fifth place. Köhler played all three matches, together with his cousin Sjaak, and scored seven goals
Kristina Schröder (née Köhler, born 1977), German politician
Louis Köhler (1820–1886), German composer
Lukas Köhler (born 1986), German politician
Manuel Köhler (born 1969), Austrian slalom canoer who competed from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s (decade). He won a bronze medal in the K-1 team event at the 1996 European Championships in Augsburg
Maria João Köhler, Portuguese tennis player
Michael Köhler (born 1944), East German luger who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won two medals in the men's doubles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a silver in 1970 and a bronze in 1969
René Köhler, a non-existent conductor invented by William Barrington-Coupe as part of a fraud in which he passed off numerous plagiarised recordings of classical pianists as the work of his wife, Joyce Hatto
Rolf Köhler (1951–2007), German singer, musician and record producer
Siegfried Köhler (disambiguation)
Siegfried Köhler (conductor) (1923–2017), German conductor, composer and academic teacher
Siegfried Köhler (cyclist) (born 1935), German cyclist
Sven Köhler (footballer, born 1966), former German footballer who currently manages Chemnitzer FC
Sven Köhler (footballer, born 1996), German footballer
Thomas Köhler (born 1940), East German former luger who competed during the 1960s
Ulrich Köhler (1838–1903), German archaeologist
Walter Köhler (died 1989), Minister President of Baden, Germany during the Nazi regime
Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967), psychologist

See also
 Köhler's Medicinal Plants, a German medicinal guide published by Franz Eugen Köhler in 1887
 Köhler theory, describes the process in which water vapor condenses and forms liquid cloud drops
 Köhler disease, a rare bone disorder of the foot found in children between six and nine years of age. The disease typically affects boys, but it can also affect girls. It was first described in 1908 by Alban Köhler (1874–1947), a German radiologist
 Köhler illumination, a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy
 Köhler & Son, London horn makers

German-language surnames
Occupational surnames

Köhler


Saskia Laroo (born 31 July 1959 in Amsterdam), is a Dutch jazz musician who has been dubbed the "Lady Miles Davis". Her music style can be described as a combination of jazz, pop, electronic dance music, Latin and world music.

Biography

The beginning

Laroo was born in de Jordaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands as the eldest of four daughters. When she was six the family moved to Den Ilp, a nearby village.  A year later she started with general music lessons and lessons on soprano recorder, later also alto recorder at the music school in Purmerend. In Den Ilp she started age 8 to play the cornet in fanfare orchestra . Laroo went in 1971 at age 11 to secondary school: het Zaanlands Lyceum, Zaandam. She switched from recorder to cello and took lessons for 3 years with cellist Olof Groesz, who became cellist of the Metropole Orchestra. When she was fifteen Saskia became interested in learning guitar and self-studied classical and folk music on the instrument for a year.  A year later she was introduced to jazz music by the newly founded bigband on her high school and became member of the trumpet section. This bigband was conducted by pianist Jan Molenaar, who is owner of Molenaar Muziekuitgeverij. She got her first lessons in jazz improvisation with this band  and heard for the first time bebop trumpet soloing by Peter Kuyt, then age 17 and also member of the bigband's trumpet section.  After high school graduation in 1977, Saskia moved back to Amsterdam to study mathematics at the University of Amsterdam, but instead soon got involved in the city's music scene, and switched from cornet to trumpet. A year later she stopped her mathematics study and went to the Muziekpedagogische Academie Alkmaar where she studied  for two years with main subject classical trumpet with trumpeter Jan Schut and secondary instruments classical piano and upright bass; then continued her music studies with focus on improvised music at the Conservatory of Amsterdam, then named Sweelinck Conservatorium. She had trumpet lessons in improvised music with trumpeter Boy Raaijmaker, then member of the Willem Breuker Kollektief, continued her studies classical trumpet with trumpeter Dick Jonker, then member of the Amsterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, took jazz piano lessons and classical upright bass lessons with bassist Hans Krul. In 1982 she was released from the school but took up her studies a year later at the Muziekpedagogische Academie Hilversum, current part of the Conservatory of Amsterdam. There she studied jazz trumpet with trumpeter Ack van Rooyen, and continued with jazz piano and classical upright bass lessons. In 1985, when she was 25, she graduated as a jazz trumpet music teacher after two years

Later years

In 1982 she made her first recordings that were released on LP with the band Fra Fra Sound and the reggae band PI Man & Memre Buku. In 1985 she played a solo on the song Don't you leave me Baby for Billy Preston's album: You can't keep a good man down. In 1994 she founded her own record label, Laroo Records.
Her first CD album It's Like Jazz(1994), was co-produced by her and Rob Gaasterland, and was released in more than fifteen countries, amongst others in Japan, and speeded up the development of her international career.
She toured with her own formations, amongst others with the Saskia Laroo Band, Jazzkia and Duo Laroo/Byrd with Warren Byrd to countries such as the USA; Canada; South Africa in 1996 and 2007; Brazil, China in 2004 and 2007 and she went for multiple tours to India.
She played on international festivals, like the Montreux Jazzfestival in 2006 and again in 2007 after receiving the Montreux Jazz Award.
She received in 2010 an Indian peace prize, the Karmaveer Puraskaar of the iCongo organisation in New Delhi, India.
In 2013 she recorded a DVD Live in Zimbabwe with her eight piece Saskia laroo Band at the Harare International Festival of the Arts. This DVD was released on 28 March 2014 and a limited edition on CD on 15 October, both in Paradiso, Amsterdam. In 2019 she celebrates 40 years performing live on stage, 25 years her record label Laroo Records and 25 years the Saskia Laroo Band. A new album release Trumpets Around The World is scheduled in the Netherlands for 1 November 2019 in het Concertgebouw, Amsterdam and in the US on 29 November 2019 at The Buttonwood Tree, Middletown, Connecticut.

Bands
Laroo's first performances started around 1978 with pop, fusion and dixieland bands. She was part of the all-female band Alice in Dixieland, played around 1981 in the Surinamese band Fra Fra Sound and was part of the free jazz workshop orchestra De Boventoon, she started working with American blues vocalist and saxophonist Rosa King, with Dutch saxophonist Hans Dulfer, and his daughter Candy Dulfer, with Edsel Juliet's group Saljuco, toured with Dutch Connection, an avant-garde project with American conductor/trumpeter/composer Butch Morris, and with Heleen Schuttevaer's all female jazzpop band Five Times A Lady.

Later on in her career she performed with jazz greats such as Teddy Edwards and Ernie Andrews and performs currently with Warren Byrd's group The Byrdspeak Ensemble, as well as Warren Byrd and David Chevan's group The Afro-Semitic Experience. She did dance cross-overs with 100% Isis, Ken Ishii, DJ Dimitri, Ronald Molendijk and has done recent performances with Hungarian DJ and producer Dansor, Israelian Dj and bassist Oded Nir

Own formations
1982 – 1986: Salsa Caliente

1986 – 1990: Caribbean Express

1990 – 1994: Caribbean Colours

1993–present: Salsabop

1993–present: Saskia's Solo Act

1994–present: The Saskia Laroo Band, at first named: the Laroo Colour

1996–present: Jazzkia

2009–present: Duo Laroo/Byrd

Performances
2020: India (World Jazz Fest in Mumbai and Goa), the Netherlands, the US

2019: Burundi (Dutch Kings Day), the Netherlands, Thailand (Krabi Naga Fest), the US

2018: the Netherlands, the US, Vietnam (Dutch Kings Day, 45-year relations Holland-Vietnam

2017: Serbia (Dutch Kings Day), South Korea, the Netherlands, the US

2016: Belgium, China Tour, Croatia Tour, France, India Tour, Indonesia tour, the Netherlands, the US.

2015: Bangla Desh, Italy, India, Lithuenia (Klaipeda Jazz Festival), Poland, the Netherlands (Aalsmeer Jazz Weekend, Amersfoort & Apeldoorn Jazzfestivals), Russia, the US (a.o. Cape Cod, MA; Carlyle, PA)

2014: Germany, the Netherlands, Poland (Jelenia Gora Jazzfest), the US (a.o. Atlanta, GA; Winston Salem, NC; Sacramento, GA)

2013: DR Congo (Jazzkif Fest), Thailand (a.o. Bangkok Festivals), the Netherlands (a.o. festivals Amersfoort, Zandvoort), the US, Zimbabwe (a.o. HIFA)

2012: Mexico & Guatemala (a.o. Eurojazz), Oman (Sohar Music Festival), US (a.o. Distinctively Dutch Tour), the Netherlands (a.o. Festivals Breda, Leeuwarden, Oisterwijk )

2011: Belgium (a.o. Gouvy Jazz), Brazil (Rio das Ostras Jazz e Blues Fest), Canada (Sunfest), Croatia, Finland (Imatra Big Band Fest), India, the Netherlands, the US.

2010: Belgium, Bulgaria (Balcik Fest), Chile (8 concerts a.o. Bicentenario, International jazzfest Puerto Montt), Georgia, Germany (Women in Jazz Festival, Halle), Hong Kong (Music Beyond Borders), India, Italy, Moldavia, the Netherlands (jazzfests Amersfoort, Apeldoorn, Heiloo etc), Poland, Russia, Serbia (Nisville Jazzfest), Thailand (Koh Samui JF, Jazzup Bangkok), the US.

2009: ao Bahrain jazzfest, France (Hotel de Ville, Paris), India (jazz Utsav Fest), Kuwait jazzfest, Netherlands (jazzfestivals Almere; Amersfoort; Breda; Hoofddorp), Oman (Sohar Music Fest), Qatar jazzfest, the US (ao Hartford, CT; Chicago, MI; New York; Nedfest, Nederland, Colorado; Boston; Detroit).

2008: Brazil (ao Sampa Jazz Festival /Sao Paulo, Olinda Jazz Fest), Germany (Women in Jazz Festival, Halle), India (Chivas Jazz Fest 4 cities), Moldavia (Ethno Jazzfest), Netherlands, Poland (Era Jazzu), Russia, Singapore (Mosaic Festival), Senegal, Taiwan (Taichung Jazzfest, Holland Days Tainan), Ukraine, the US (Nedfest).

2007: Austria (Steyr Jazzfest), Brazil, China, Croatia (festivals Osijek, Histria), India(2 tours: Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Pune), Italy (Lucca Donna Jazz Fest), Netherlands, Poland (Bielska Zadymka Jazzowa), Ukraine, Russia, South Africa (Cape Town Jazzfest),  Swiss (Montreux Jazzfestival), Taiwan, Thailand (Bangkok Festivals), the US (Rochester Jazzfest / Parkville Bluesfest/Montreux-Atlanta Jazzfestival)

2006: Belgium, Croatia (Jazzfestivals Zadar & Losinj), France, Italy (Women Jazz series), Germany, Nepal (Garden of Dreams Jazz Affair), the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia (Festival Lent), Swiss (Montreux Jazzfestival), Ukraine (Koktebel Jazzfestival), the US.

2005: Austria, Croatia (Split Jazz Festival), Czech Republic (Prague Jazz Festival), France, Indonesia (Java Jazz Festival), Japan, Lebanon (Grand Hills Jazz Festival), the Netherlands, Nicaragua (Tolerancia Festival), Poland (Ladies Festival), Russia, Surinam (Surinam Jazz Festival), the US.

2004: China, Croatia, Czech Republic (Prague Jazz Festival), France, India (Jazz Yatra Festival), Indonesia (Bali Jazz Festival), Kuwait Jazz Festival, Lithuania (Gaida Contemporary Music Festival), the Netherlands, Poland.

2003: Croatia (several international festivals), the Netherlands, Poland (several international festivals), Russia.

2002: Baltic States (Mama Jazz Festival), Croatia, Curacao (Curacao Jazz Festival), France, Germany, the Netherlands, the US.

2001: Germany (Burghause Jazzwoche), the Netherlands, Switzerland, the US (Atlanta & Savannah Jazz Festivals).

2000: Belgium, Colombia, Dutch Antilles tour (5 islands), Germany, Japan (Sunset Jazz Festival), the Netherlands (North Sea Jazz Festival), Spain, the US.

1999: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria (Sofia Jazz Festival), France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands (North Sea Jazz Festival), Spain, Switzerland, Russia, the US.

1998: France, the Netherlands (North Sea Jazz Festival), Switzerland

1997: Bulgaria (Sofia Jazz Festival), Lebanon (Hamra Jazz Festival), Lithuania, the Netherlands, Russia.

1996: Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain

1995: Czech Republic, the Netherlands (North Sea Jazz Festival), the Philippines, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea.

Discography on Laroo Records

Albums
 Saskia Laroo – It's Like Jazz (1994; CD album)
 Saskia Laroo – Bodymusic (1998; CD album)
 Saskia Laroo – Jazzkia (1999; CD album)
 Saskia Laroo meets Teddy Edwards feat. Ernie Andrews – Sunset Eyes 2000 (1999; CD album)
 Saskia Laroo – Really Jazzy (2008; CD album)
 Duo Saskia Laroo and Warren Byrd – Two of a Kind (2011; CD album)
 Saskia Laroo Band – Live in Zimbabwe (2014; DVD)
 Saskia Laroo Band – Live in Zimbabwe (2014; CD album)
Saskia Laroo – Trumpets Around The World (2019; LP)
Saskia Laroo – Trumpets Around The World (2019; CD album)

External links
 Detailed biography at Muziek Encyclopedie

References

1959 births
Living people
Nu jazz musicians
Dutch jazz trumpeters
Dutch jazz saxophonists
Dutch jazz double-bassists
Musicians from Amsterdam
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century double-bassists
Women saxophonists

Saskia Laroo