Armand van Helden (born February 16, 1970) is an American DJ, record producer, remixer and songwriter from Boston. He is considered one of house music's most revered figures, with a career spanning three decades.

Van Helden's best-known singles are "You Don't Know Me", "I Want Your Soul", "My My My" featuring Tara McDonald, and "Bonkers" featuring Dizzee Rascal, all of which became #1 on the UK Dance Chart and reached as high as #2 on the Billboard Dance Chart.

In 2009, van Helden formed the DJ duo Duck Sauce with Canadian DJ A-Trak, receiving a nomination at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best Dance Recording for their song "Barbra Streisand" which topped the charts in 12 countries. The duo also released the singles "Anyway" which reached No. 1 the UK Dance Chart, "Big Bad Wolf' and "NRG".

Although much of his chart success has been in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom, van Helden has been closely linked to the electronic music scene of New York since the early-mid 1990s where he was considered one of the best remixers in the business and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording in 1998. Van Helden often remixes and uses samples of funk, soul, R&B and hip hop. He also uses filters and dub progressions, as in NYC beat, dancehall and reggae samples. Among his greatest remixes have been the remix of the song "Spin Spin Sugar" by Sneaker Pimps, The Bomb! (These Sounds Fall into My Mind) by The Bucketheads, Sugar Is Sweeter by C. J. Bolland and "Professional Widow" by Tori Amos.

Van Helden is widely regarded as the pioneer of the speed garage genre and has continued remixing various artists such as Katy Perry, Van Halen, Daft Punk, Pharrell Williams, Britney Spears, Enrique Iglesias, David Guetta, Sam Smith, Bloc Party, Janet Jackson, Juliet Roberts and KRS-One among others with this musical style. Recent releases include the singles "I Need a Painkiller" and "Wings" produced in 2018 and 2016 respectively.

Biography
Van Helden was born to an Indo (Dutch and Indonesian descent) father and a mother of French and Lebanese ancestry. He moved around the world as a child, spending time in the Netherlands, Latvia, Turkey, and Italy as his father was a member of the U.S. Air Force. At the age of 13, he bought a drum machine and started DJing two years later.

From circa 1986–1988, van Helden was in a rap group named "Define" because they considered themselves "de finest around" and accordingly "defined" rap music. His name was DJ AVH, along with fellow crew members: Sir Beat, and Lopoka. They performed across Europe and helped hone his DJ skills.

Van Helden returned to Boston in 1988, moonlighting as a DJ in Boston clubs. He attended college in Boston. He quit his legal-review job in 1991 to work as a remixer under the management of Neil Petricone and X-Mix. He took up a DJ residency at the Loft, a top Boston nightclub at the time. He released his first official single, a mix of Deep Creed's "Stay On My Mind" through Nervous Records.

Van Helden released "Move It To the Left" (credited to Sultans of Swing) in 1992 on the Strictly Rhythm label, which became a moderate club hit and led to a string of singles released under several monikers for that label. His first track to make the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart was "Witch Doktor", which made the top 5 in 1994, and led to opportunities to remix acts such as New Order, Deep Forest, Jimmy Somerville, Deee-Lite, and Faithless.

However, it was the "Professional Widow" remix that established van Helden and became a dance hit around the world and as a number-one hit in the United Kingdom. Van Helden stated of his compensation for the remix: "it was like $10,000, and that was a little below what I was making back then for a remix, but I had the time." However, it led to work remixing the Rolling Stones, Janet Jackson, Katy Perry, Britney Spears, Puff Daddy, Daft Punk and Sneaker Pimps, adding to his reputation as one of the world's top house-music musicians.

In 1996, van Helden collaborated with Thomas Bangalter of Daft Punk, Van Helden and Junior Sanchez as Da Mongoloids, releasing "Spark da Meth" on the Strictly Rhythm label. A year later van Helden's track "Ten Minutes of Funk" was featured on the Daft Punk live album Alive 1997.

"Cha Cha" was another top-ten dance hit from van Helden's first album, Old School Junkies: The Album, which was released in 1996, along with "The Funk Phenomena". A greatest hits album appeared the next year, followed by a breakbeat album later in 1997. "You Don't Know Me" was a number two hit on the Billboard dance chart, a number one hit in the United Kingdom, and a top 20 single on the pop charts in Australia and Canada. The song was the breakout track from his 2Future4U album, which was released stateside on Armand's own label, Armed Records.

Van Helden released the Killing Puritans album in 2000 (also on Armed Records), which contained the hit "Koochy". The track was based around Gary Numan's five times UK chart hit, "Cars". His single "Why Can't You Free Some Time" made it to number 34 in the UK in 2001. His New York: A Mix Odyssey album released in March 2004 produced two hits: "Hear My Name", a collaboration with Spalding Rockwell that reached number 7 on the Billboard dance chart, number 34 in the UK, and the top 40 in Australia; and "My My My" featuring Tara McDonald, which reached number 4 on the world internet charts, number 5 in the Belgian and Dutch charts, number 6 in Australia, number 15 in the UK, and top 30 in the world dance charts. In April 2004, he provided a mix for BBC Radio 1's Essential Mix show.

In 2005, van Helden released the album Nympho, featuring the singles "Into Your Eyes", "My My My", "Hear My Name", and "When the Lights Go Down". The album reached the top 30 in Australia, and number 48 in the UK. "When The Lights Go Down" reached No. 52 on the ARIA Charts in Australia, and was a dance and club hit.

Van Helden was the featured DJ in the Southern Fried tent at Get Loaded in the Park at Clapham Common on the August Bank Holiday in 2005.

In 2006, van Helden re-released "My My My" featuring the British singer Tara McDonald, which reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK dance charts. Remixes included the Funktuary radio edit and Stonebridge remix. In 2007, Van Helden released his new album, Ghettoblaster, from which he released the singles "NYC Beat," which reached number 22 on the UK chart, and "I Want Your Soul," which reached number 19. In 2008, Van Helden gained more commercial success by remixing "INSPIRE", a No. 1 hit by the Japanese pop star Ayumi Hamasaki. This remix was released on the album Ayu-mi-x 6: Gold. Also in 2008, Van Helden released two albums, You Don't Know Me: The Best of Armand Van Helden and a mix album titled New York: a Mix Odyssey 2. When discussing this mix in a 2009 interview with 5mag.net, Armand said, "I just went back to hip-hop. I put my head where I used to be when I was 19. It was a blast making it. Hip-house was just so great."

In May 2009, Van Helden collaborated with British rapper Dizzee Rascal on his single "Bonkers". It peaked at number one in the United Kingdom, where it stayed for two weeks and became Van Helden's third chart-topper in Britain. Later in 2009, Van Helden worked with A-Trak to create "aNYway" which was released in October under the name Duck Sauce. The duo later gained chart success with the song "Barbra Streisand", which peaked at number three in the United Kingdom and within the top ten of the charts in other European markets.

Van Helden teamed up with American DJ/producer Steve Aoki in 2011 to produce the song "Brrrat!", which featured on Godskitchen's eclectic album. In early 2011, van Helden stated that he had planned an album for 2014.

Van Helden teamed up with fellow DJ/producer A-Trak in 2011 to form Duck Sauce. The duo scored hits with "Barbra Streisand" and "The Big Bad Wolf". In 2013, Duck Sauce released the song "It's You", a hit on the dancefloor throughout the world, and has been nominated for the MTV Video Awards. In October of the same year, they presented two new songs, "Stereo Radio" with Duck Sauce and "I Know A Place" (featuring Spank Rock). In 2014, Van Helden collaborated with Cheap Thrills label boss and DJ Hervé to release their recent song "Power of Bass" Duck Sauce, released their debut album, Quack, released on April 15 through Fool's Gold Records. The album features the duo's long chain of singles. The new Duck Sauce video for "NRG" is filmed as an infomercial.

In August 2014, Sam Smith's "I'm Not the Only One" featured a remix by van Helden. In September 2014, van Helden remixed for Jungle 70 and Majestic with Creeping In The Dark.

In April 2015, London-based Snakehips released Forever Pt. II EP, which spurred a series of well-received remixes, including a Duck Sauce remix of their song "Forever".

Van Helden returned in 2020 with a new song, "Give Me Your Loving" with Lorne.

Discography

Studio albums
 Old School Junkies: The Album (1996)
 Sampleslaya: Enter the Meatmarket (1997)
 2 Future 4 U (1998)
 Killing Puritans (2000)
 Gandhi Khan (2002)
 Nympho (2005)
 Ghettoblaster (2007)
 Extra Dimensional (2016)

Awards and nominations

International Dance Music Awards

|-
||1998
|Armand van Helden
|Best Remixer
|
|-
||2005
|My My My
|Best House/Garage Track
|
|-
||2011
|Brrrat! w/Steve Aoki
|Best Underground House Track
|
|-
||2011
|Brrrat! w/Steve Aoki
|Best Electro Tech/House Track
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011
| rowspan="3"|"Barbra Streisand"
| Best Break-Through Artist
|
|-
| Best Best House/Garage Track
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|Best Underground Dance Track
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2012
| rowspan="3"|"Big Bad Wolf"
|
|-
| Best Music Video
|
|-
| Best Artist - Group
|
|-
||2015
|NRG
|Best Dubstep/Drum & Bass Track
|
|}

Grammy Awards

|-
|1998
|Armand van Helden
|Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical
|
|-
|2012
|"Barbra Streisand"
|Best Dance Recording
|
|}

MTV Video Music Awards

|-
|rowspan="2"| 2012
|rowspan="2"| "Big Bad Wolf"
| Best Electronic Dance Music Video
|
|-
| Best Direction
|
|-
| 2013
| "It's You"
| Best Visual Effects
|

UK Music Video Awards

|-
| 2011
| "Barbra Streisand"
| rowspan="2" | Best Dance Video - International
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| rowspan="3" | "Big Bad Wolf"
|
|-
| Best Art Direction
|
|-
| Best VFX
|

DJ Magazine Top 100 DJs

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Club DJs
Remixers
American house musicians
American garage house musicians
American electronic musicians
American people of Dutch-Indonesian descent
American musicians of Indonesian descent
American people of French descent
American people of Lebanese descent
Musicians from Boston
Record producers from Massachusetts
Boston University alumni
FFRR Records artists
Sony Music Publishing artists
PIAS Recordings artists
Deep house musicians
Speed garage musicians
Electronic dance music DJs

Armand van Helden


Captain Satellite was an afternoon TV program on KTVU-2 in Oakland, California.  Like many kids' shows of this period, it took advantage of the interest engendered by science fiction and the early space program. The Captain was played by Bob March, a local TV personality. His signature outfit was a helmet and a dark uniform under a light-colored, triangular vest that had a thunderbolt passing through a globe. The set was a cutaway rocket ship called the Starfinder II that blasted off each day. Guest children would co-pilot under Captain Satellite's supervision. As the ship orbited on auto-pilot, the children would participate in games to win prizes (found in the "Space Locker"), and in live promotions. Old Thirties cartoons like Scrappy and serials would be introduced between breaks, and occasionally there were special appearances, as when The Three Stooges came to visit the Starfinder II.

There were changes in format, but the show ran for a decade. The last episode aired on April 25, 1969. In or about early 1966, "Captain Satellite" announced that the Starfinder-II was being mothballed and the series would get a new "flying saucer" style spaceship. The show had a naming contest and they settled on the name "Laser-II," rather than the Jupiter-II from "Lost In Space" lore. (It is said that when the new spaceship was named, it was originally called Laser 7, so that the L would touch the top of the 7 creating a lightning bolt. Unfortunately, it seemed to refer to KGO Channel 7 in San Francisco rather than KTVU Channel 2, where the show actually originated, so it was changed to Laser II.) The latter sci-fi show on the CBS network seems to have changed the spaceship format to a flying-saucer type craft. The "Space Locker" had a new entry system – computer punch cards – instead of keys. Three of the five cards inserted into the locker would flash: "need more data" on the screen –– giving the contestant extra attempts to open up the "Space Locker." The winning card would open the locker, while the losing card would give the answer: "does not compute!" (probably borrowed from the robot in the "Lost In Space" series).

After the show folded, Captain Satellite continued to make guest appearances throughout the San Francisco Bay Area at various events like sci-fi movie openings at theaters and at amusement parks.

Bob March also played cameo or bit roles in Hollywood films.  One was as a reporter in the 1968 Steve McQueen movie, Bullitt.  Another was as a councilman in the second Dirty Harry film, Magnum Force,  starring Clint Eastwood.

March retired in 1995, and lived in Auburn, California.

March died on August 6, 2020, at his home near Sacramento, California.  He was 93.

References

External links
Senior Net article
TV Party entry
KTVU recordings of last episodes
Obituary

Local children's television programming in the United States
History of Oakland, California
Culture of Oakland, California

Captain Satellite


Bamboo Airways is a Vietnamese airline. The headquarters are in Hanoi. The center of activity is from Phu Cat Airport in Qui Nhon. The company was founded in 2017. VietJet Air will begin operation in October 2018. It will have flights to most of airports in Vietnam and some international airports. On 26th March 2016, it signed a purchase order with Airbus to buy 24 Airbus A320neo, signed a purchase order with Boeing to buy 20 Boeing 787. The aircraft will be delivered from 2020.
It will mainly serve tourists to resort towns in Vietnam, where its parent company FLC Group has resorts (Ha Long, Thanh Hoa, Dong Hoi, Nha Trang, Phu Quoc).

References

Airlines of Vietnam

Bamboo Airways


The Dome, subtitled consecutively "A Quarterly Containing Examples of All the Arts" and "An Illustrated Monthly Magazine and Review", was a literary periodical associated with the "Nineties" scene, edited by Ernest J. Oldmeadow, publisher and manager of The Unicorn Press based in London at 7 Cecil Court. It ran for three years, from March 1897 to July 1900. It is usually considered to be the last more or less successful attempt to deliver a valuable literary magazine with a considerable circulation, yet working from an Aestheticist rationale, according to Walter Pater's concepts.

Even more than its decadent movement predecessors The Yellow Book (published 1884–97) and The Savoy (1896), The Dome dealt with both visual and verbal art, and it also covered music and theatre. It was known for its in-depth studies of painters which rose above the level of mere appreciations, and often championed promising talents such as Edward Elgar. The magazine was the last example of British avant-garde publications which focused on aesthetics since the future avant-garde magazines would focus on modernism.

Notable contributors
Laurence Binyon - a story "The Paralytic" (No. 4, 1898)
Lucas Cranach - woodcuts "The Annunciation", "A Saxon Prince on Horseback" (No. 2, 1897)
Edward Gordon Craig
Campbell Dodgson
Albert Dürer - an engraving "St. Hubert" (No. 2, 1897)

Edward Elgar -  a piano solo Minuet (No. 2, 1897); a song Love alone will stay (No. 4, 1898)
Roger Fry
Althea Gyles – illustrations, including "Aided Cloinne Uisnigh" (The Violent Death of the Children of Uisnigh), 1897
Hiroshige - a colour print "The Wave" (No. 4, 1898)
Hokusai - a print "Fuji through Rain" (No. 4, 1898)
Laurence Housman - stories "The Troubling of the Waters" (No. 2, 1897); "Little Saint Michael" (No. 4, 1898)
Liza Lehmann - a song "Aus Mirza Schaffy" (No. 2, 1897)
Will G. Mein
Alice Meynell
G. B. Piranesi - drawings and etchings (No. 4, 1898)
D. G. Rossetti - a painting "The Sea-Spell" (No. 2, 1897)
Martin Schongauer
William Strang
Arthur Symons
Francis Thompson
Ethel Rolt Wheeler
William Butler Yeats - a poem "The Desire of Man and of Woman" (No. 2, 1897)

References

Bibliography
Darcy, Cornelius P. "The Dome" in British Literary Magazines: The Victorian and Edwardian Age, 1837-1913. Ed. Alvin Sullivan. London: Greenwood Press (1984)
Jackson, Jeffrey B. and Dana L. Jemison, eds. The Dome: Complete Index, 1897-1900. San Francisco, Calif.: Quat'z'Arts Press, 2007.

External links
The Dome: A Quarterly Containing Examples of All the Arts at The Modernist Journals Project: searchable digital edition of series 1 (March 1897 - May 1898). PDFs of these five issues can be downloaded for free from the MJP website.
Jeffrey B. Jackson, Dana Jemison, A Complete Index to the Dome at berkeley.edu

1897 establishments in the United Kingdom
1900 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1897
Magazines disestablished in 1900
Avant-garde magazines

The Dome (periodical)


The War of the Worlds is an 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people, who thought it was real even though there was a warning at the start telling people it was fiction.

Plot
The book is set in Britain at the turn of the 19th century and is told by a first-person narrator. The Martians are jealous of Earth's more livable environment and launch themselves to Earth in capsules fired from cannons. They easily defeat the human military with their giant war machines, aircraft, poison gas, and heat rays. The narrator travels through the now ruined Britain and encounters invasive alien plants, Martian robots, and the Martians themselves- who are strange slug-like beings with tentacles who feed on human blood. Eventually, the Martian invasion is stopped when the Martians become infected by Earth germs that they have no immunity to and die.

1898 books
Science fiction books
Books by H. G. Wells

The War of the Worlds


The Basilica of the Royal Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Candelaria ( or simply Basílica de la Candelaria) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica, the first Marian shrine of the Canary Islands, located in the municipality and city of Candelaria on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It is located some  south of the island's capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

The basilica is dedicated to the Virgin of Candelaria (Patron of the Canary Islands). Designed by architect José Enrique Marrero Regalado, it is listed as a Site of cultural interest by the Government of the Canary Islands.

The Virgin of Candelaria is a black Madonna.

History
In 1390, Candelaria was a solitary place frequented by guanches herders of the menceyato de Güímar (pre-Hispanic kingdom). One evening, two natives leading their cattle, saw some goats refusing to come to the mouth of the ravine; they sent forward one of them thinking that there were people who wanted to steal them and they found, on a rock, the statue of the Virgin of Candelaria (later declared principal patron of the Canary Islands).

The statue was found in a beach near to Candelaria. It was initially taken to the cave of Chinguaro, which was the palace of the king (mencey) of Güímar. Later the Guanches moved her to the cave of Achbinico in Candelaria, and from then on it was venerated there. At first the Guanches identified it with their goddess Chaxiraxi (the mother of the gods), but later the Christian conquerors identified it as the statue of the Virgin Mary. Shortly after, a chapel was built. This cave was also used as a cemetery for Christian devotees of the Virgin. In 1596, king Philip III was declared protector of the Virgin of Candelaria. After ascending the throne, the Spanish monarch gave the title of "Royal" to the sanctuary of the Candelaria. Therefore, it is also the first sanctuary in the Canary Islands to have received that title.

Later, the present basilica was built over an old church that was destroyed by fire in 1789. However, the actual construction of the temple was postponed several times for various reasons: the economic crisis of 1931 following the proclamation of the Second Republic and later by World War II and the Spanish Civil War. Finally, the bishop of Tenerife, Domingo Pérez Cáceres promoted the construction, commissioning the architect Jose Enrique Marrero Regalado. The new sanctuary would be a neo-Canarian eclectic mix of all styles that have occurred in the Canary Islands. Several donations came from all the islands, the basilica would take almost a decade to finish. Finally, on February 1, 1959, the basilica was consecrated in a large religious ceremony. Nowadays Candelaria is the main Catholic centre of pilgrimage in the Canary Islands and one of the main ones in Spain; the basilica receives more than 2.5 million visitors annually. The Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria can host up to 5,000 people.

Among the most significant figures who have visited the basilica include heads of state or government, as well as the most prominent figures of the Church, military, politics, sports, art, etc. Among them are the former kings of Spain, Juan Carlos I de Borbón and Sofia of Greece, who visited while still being princes, and later as kings, in 1977.

The church holds the title and dignity of a minor basilica, bestowed upon it by Pope Benedict XVI on 24 January 2011. That title was officially celebrated on 2 February of that year, coinciding with the feast of Candlemas.

Currently, this Marian shrine attracts not only pilgrims and devout Catholics, but also followers of other religions. Among the latter are some people from the Hindu community in Tenerife, who donated some robes for the Virgin's statue. Every year in May is celebrated in the Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias, the Festival Intercultural India - Canarias (Intercultural Festival India - Canary Islands), which aims to present the Hindu customs through gastronomy and folklore.

Interior of the basilica

Another feature of the basilica are the mural paintings that are mostly found on the altar. These paintings usually represent angels and other canarian saints who were devotees of the Virgin of Candelaria. On one side of the main altar is the flag of the Vatican City, referring to the close relationship of the sanctuary with the Pope because of its status as a minor basilica. Above the altar is the statue of the Virgin.

The Camarín de la Virgen de Candelaria, a room just behind the altar, is the location of the wooden statue of the Virgin of Candelaria. It is opened after mass.
The Capilla del Sagrario is located next to the sacristy, features a mural depicting the Last Supper of Jesus with his apostles, by José Aguiar. Also found in the chapel windows with scenes from the apparition of the Virgin to the Guanches.
The Capilla del Cristo de la Reconciliación was blessed on April 19, 1996. It features an image of the crucified Christ made by artist Ricardo Rivera Martínez in 1936. The Chapel of the Holy Christ of Reconciliation is the penitential chapel of the basilica, dedicated to the confessions. This image of Jesus Christ is inspired by the Shroud of Turin primarily by the position of the nails in his hands.
The Sala de las Velas next to the main entrance to the basilica. Takes its name from offerings of candles and flowers placed inside the faithful. Here is the painting of the Canonical Coronation of the Virgin of Candelaria. In the room there are phrases that tell the story of the Virgin and her temple.

Festivity and schedule
Every 14 and 15 August this basilica houses  pilgrims who come to celebrate the Virgin of Candelaria (Patron of the Canary Islands) the day of her festival. Stresses on August 14 the "Romeria" and the representation of the appearance of the Virgin. Day 15 is made the solemn Mass and procession subsequent presence of the Principal authorities, religious, political, civil and military de Canarias.

Also, every February 2, pilgrims came to the basilica to celebrate the Fiesta de la Candelaria. Day 1 is celebrated by a torchlight procession around the basilica. Day 2 is performed again a Mass and procession presided by the Bishop of Tenerife and the highest authorities.

The Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria is open every day of the year, the opening of the basilica and masses celebrated in it are the following:

Basilica:
Closed Monday morning.
Monday afternoon, from 15:00 to 19:00 h.
From Tuesday to Sunday and holidays from 07:30 to 19:30 h.
Masses:
Monday at 18:00 h.
From Tuesday to Saturday at 08:00 and at 18:00 h.
Sundays and holy days at 08:00, 10:00, 12:00 and 18:00 h.

Gallery

See also

 Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna
 Virgin of Candelaria
 Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias
 Cathedral of La Laguna
 Real Santuario del Santísimo Cristo de La Laguna
 Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria (Medellín, Colombia)

References

External links
Official website of the Basilica of Candelaria
The Black Madonna: Virgin of Candelaria
Webcam live from the Square of the Basilica of Candelaria

Catholic Church in the Canary Islands
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1959
Basilica churches in Spain
Churches in Tenerife
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain

Basilica of Candelaria


Theodore B. Basselin (1851–1914) was an American lumber magnate, best remembered for an endowed scholarship he created at the Theological College of the Catholic University of America. The Basselin scholarship has funded the philosophical education of many notable American churchmen.

Biography
Basselin was born on March 24, 1851, in Grostenchen, now Grostenquin, a village in Lorraine, France. He emigrated to the United States at the age of three with his parents, Dominique Basselin and his mother, Anna Basselin (née Pierson). His father died when he was ten years old, and his mother raised him in the principles of business as he ran the family's general store. Basselin attended Niagara University, graduating at the age of twenty-two before returning to his home town of Croghan, New York, and becoming involved in the timber trade.

He quickly accumulated a fortune in the lumber trade, owning several thousands of acres of timberland and employing hundreds of people at the time of his death. An innovation which contributed to his success was his practice of using felled hemlock logs left to rot after they had been stripped of their bark for use in leather production. This allowed him to turn a waste product into a source of income. He diversified his business interests later in life, becoming involved in furniture production, the Lowville and Beaver River Railroad Company, a paper company, an electric power company, and banking.

Basselin was active in the Democratic party and served two terms as Croghan town supervisor.  He was a friend of David B. Hill who served as Governor from 1885 to 1891.   In 1885 the state legislature created a Forest Commission which was one of the first state forestry agencies in the United States.   Governor Hill appointed Basselin as one of three Commissioners to run the new agency.  The Forest Commission had charge of the state Forest Preserve lands in the Adirondacks and Catskills and the responsibility of promoting forestry and forest fire protection statewide.    He served on the Forest Commission for six years.  During his tenure important progress was made in forest fire prevention, protection of state lands, and the establishment of the Adirondack Park.

Basselin died at his home in Croghan on April 21, 1914, from Bright's disease.

Legacy
Basselin died a millionaire, and left a generous will. He gave each of his two cousins, his only living relatives, $100,000 each. He left money to support his nurse, housekeeper, and barn man for the rest of their lives. He was especially generous to the Roman Catholic Church, leaving $100,000 to the Order of Friars Minor in Croghan for the creation of a college in the town.

He is primarily remembered today for the endowment he created at Theological College at the Catholic University of America for the construction of a building and a department for the education of young seminarians studying for the Catholic priesthood. One hundred and ten thousand dollars went to erect Basselin Hall, while $500,000 was set aside to fund a scholarship for "the very best and brightest" seminarians. The Basselin scholarship still exists today; notable recipients include the scripture scholar Father Raymond E. Brown, philosophers Monsignor John F. Wippel and Monsignor Robert Sokolowski, as well as Raymond Cardinal Burke, Daniel Cardinal DiNardo, Donald Cardinal Wuerl, Bishop Michael F. Olson, Bishop Robert Barron, Mitchell Carson, and Daniel Sessions.

Basselin is also remembered as one of the most influential citizens of Croghan, New York. His mansion and family cemetery still stand as landmarks in the town today.

References

External links
Theological College's Basselin Program
The Basselin Foundation of the Catholic University of America

1851 births
1914 deaths
People from Moselle (department)
Niagara University alumni
Catholic University of America people
American businesspeople in timber
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Deaths from kidney disease
French emigrants to the United States
German emigrants to the United States
19th-century American philanthropists
People from Lewis County, New York
New York (state) Democrats

Theodore B. Basselin


Westron Wynde is an early 16th-century song whose tune was used as the basis (cantus firmus) of Masses by English composers John Taverner, Christopher Tye and John Sheppard. The tune first appears with words in a partbook of around 1530, catalogued by the British Library as Royal Appendix MS 58. Historians believe that the lyrics are a few hundred years older ('Middle English') and the words are a fragment of medieval poetry.

Lyrics

The lyrics of the original, as transcribed by Charles Frey:

 Westron wynde when wyll thow blow
 the smalle rayne downe can Rayne
 Cryst yf my love were in my Armys
 And I yn my bed Agayne.

Music

Recovering the original tune of Westron Wynde that was used in these Masses is not entirely straightforward.  There is a version that uses the secular words, but with rather different notes:

The version used by the three Mass composers can only be inferred by what they put into their Masses.  In programme notes (see below), Peter Phillips offers the following reconstruction:

But this is not always exactly what appears in the Masses; thus the New Grove quotes the following sequence from Taverner's Mass:

For the words being sung here, see Mass (music).

Reworkings and Recordings
Westron Wynde was put to music by Igor Stravinsky as a movement (Westron Wind) of his Cantata (1952).

The American folk group The Limeliters (Louis Gottlieb, Alex Hassilev, and Glenn Yarbrough) recorded a version using a variation of the first tune above, with modern English stanzas interpolated. Both the variation and the interpolated stanzas were most likely written by the Limeliters themselves, one of whom (Gottlieb) was a musicologist and would have been familiar with the original song.

The British guitarist John Renbourn recorded his own arrangement of the tune for two guitars on his 1970 album The Lady and the Unicorn. The song has been recorded by Maddy Prior and Tim Hart on the album Summer Solstice and by Barbara Dickson on Full Circle.

The British band Current 93 recorded an extended and modified version of the song sometime between 1982 and 1995, adding various new lines. This version, however, was not released until 2010.

Susan McKeown and The Chanting House perform poet Robert Burns's version of the song entitled "Westlin Winds" on the 1995 album "Bones."

British composer Roger Jackson used the text and added a new verse in an entirely new setting in 2014.
"Eye of Heaven, pray gently smile,
And though the cold wind blow,
Soft, may you warm and mind my love
That I do love her so"

New Zealand composer Douglas Lilburn wrote a string quartet in 1939 entitled Phantasy based on a reworking of Westron Wynde. He undoubtedly modelled the work on his teacher Ralph Vaughan Williams' Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (Lilburn was studying with Vaughan Williams at the time).

Versions
Both simplified and distorted versions of this poem have been printed over the past many years. These include both tampered and accurately modernized versions. For example William Chappell inserted 'O' at the start of the poem and replaced the word 'Cryst' with 'Oh' in his 1859 version. The latter was probably done to make it a safe reading for women and children in the 19th century context. He also included 'doth' between 'down' and 'rayne' based on his probable interpretation that the wind did blow the rain away. Some modernization of spellings was done by other editors to make the poem accessible for modern reading.

In popular culture
The poem is used by:

Ernest Hemingway in his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929).
Virginia Woolf in her novel The Waves (1931).
Wilbur Daniel Steele in his short story How Beautiful with Shoes.
Madeleine L'Engle in her novel The Small Rain (1945).
Louis Zukofsky includes the poem in A Test of Poetry (1948).
Charles Olson quotes the poem in "Projective Verse" (1950).
Thomas Pynchon for the title of his first published story, The Small Rain (1959).
Ezra Pound includes the poem in Confucius to Cummings, edited with Marcella Spann (1964).
George Oppen alludes to the poem in "O Western Wind" (1962),"The Little Pin: Fragment" (1975) and "Disasters" (1976).
Walter Tevis in his novel Mockingbird (1980).
Marta Randall in her book Dangerous Games (1980).
The character Thierry (Judge Reinhold) in the 1991 thriller Zandalee.
Robert Stone (novelist) in Outerbridge Reach (1992)
The character Mary Boleyn (Scarlett Johansson) in the 2008 film The Other Boleyn Girl.
Barbelle (Web Series) fictitious band from the web series of the same name in the song Clear Cut (2017).

References

Sources
Peter Phillips's reconstruction is taken from his programme notes for his recording Western Wind Masses:  Taverner, Tye Sheppard, released 1993 on compact disc by Gimell Records, 454 927-2.
The remaining musical examples above are adapted from versions given in the online version (2004) of the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.

Further reading

British songs
Anonymous musical compositions
Renaissance chansons
16th-century songs

Westron Wynde


Aimar August Sørenssen (6 January 1823 - 2 June 1908) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1862, representing the constituency of Smaalenenes Amt. He was a farmer there. He was re-elected in 1865, 1868, 1871, 1874 and 1877. By the last term he had become bailiff ().

When the Sverdrup cabinet assumed office in 1884, Sørenssen was brought in as a part of the executive branch of government. He was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police on 26 June. He left on 31 August 1887 to become a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm the next day. He left this position exactly one year later, having in the meantime served as Minister of Labour from 17 February to 4 March 1888.

References

1823 births
1908 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Members of the Storting
Østfold politicians
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Ministers of Justice of Norway

Aimar August Sørenssen


Delbert Bernard Unser (born December 9, 1944) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a center fielder and utility player from  to , most prominently with the Philadelphia Phillies, where he was a member of the 1980 World Series winning team. He also played for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets and the Montreal Expos.

College
Unser attended St. Teresa High School and played baseball at Eastern Illinois University and Mississippi State University. He was a three-year starter for Mississippi State, and was first team All-SEC as an outfielder in 1965 and 1966. In both seasons he helped Mississippi State to a conference championship, but 1966 may have been a breakout year. He led the team runs with 31, hits with 39, and his .333 batting average. That same year he was named a Sporting News All-American. In 1997, the university inducted Unser into the school's hall of fame.

Pro career
The Minnesota Twins had selected Unser in the June draft in 1965, but Unser did not sign with them, nor did he sign with the Pittsburgh Pirates after they selected him in the winter draft in 1966. However, Unser was drafted in the first round of the June 1966 draft by the Washington Senators and signed with them, reporting to their Double-A team, the York White Roses of the Eastern League. Unser struggled his first season, in the minors, batting only .220. However, management in Washington saw something in Unser, and in 1968, he made the leap from double-A to the majors. At the age of 23, on April 10, 1968, Unser made his MLB debut, against the team that had drafted him a year earlier, the Minnesota Twins. Unser got a hit in his major league debut.

Unser played for the Washington Senators from 1968 to 1971. In his first season, he had a five-hit game (four singles and a home run) against the Oakland Athletics on August 20, 1968. In the 1969 season, he led the American League in triples, with 8. The franchise was moved to the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and rebranded as the Texas Rangers, but Unser would not be part of the transition as he was dealt along with Denny Riddleberger, Terry Ley and Gary Jones to the Cleveland Indians for Roy Foster, Rich Hand, Mike Paul and Ken Suarez at the Winter Meetings on December 2, 1971.

Unser was traded again after one season in Cleveland, this time to the Philadelphia Phillies along with minor league third baseman Terry Wedgewood for Oscar Gamble and Roger Freed on December 1, 1972. He also played for the Phillies from 1973 to 1974. After a season batting .264 with 11 homers, Unser was dealt along with John Stearns and Mac Scarce from the Phillies to the New York Mets for Tug McGraw, Don Hahn and Dave Schneck at the Winter Meetings on December 3, 1974. He hit .294 for the Mets in 1975, and might have hit .300 that year, but sustained a late-season rib injury which affected his swing. He was hit by a pitch early in the 1976 season and sustained an arm injury, then was traded to the Montreal Expos on July 21.

In 1977, he began to be used primarily as a pinch-hitter, and also split his time on the field between the outfield and first base, and in winter of 1978 became a free agent, returning to the Phillies from 1979 to 1982.

Unser played a key role in the Phillies' 1980 World Series victory over the Kansas City Royals, getting crucial doubles to drive in runs as a pinch hitter in the late innings of Games 2 and 5.  The first cut the Royals' lead from 4-2 to 4–3 in the bottom of the 8th inning, and scored the tying run before Mike Schmidt drove in the winning run with a double for a 2-0 Series lead for Philadelphia.  In Game 5 in Kansas City and with the series tied at two games apiece, the Phillies were at bat in the top of the ninth and trailing by a score of 3–2.  After Schmidt led off with a single, Unser again delivered a double to score Schmidt with the tying run. He later scored the go-ahead run on Manny Trillo's single as the Phillies won the game 4-3 to take a 3–2 lead in the World Series back to Philadelphia, where they closed it out in the 6th game.

Unser played a few more years in Philadelphia after that World Series win. However, on June 8, 1982, the Phillies released Unser, ending his stay in the major leagues.

Unser's career totals include 1,799 games played, 1,344 hits, 87 home runs, 481 runs batted in, and a lifetime batting average of .258. Unser, along with Lee Lacy, is one of two players to hit three pinch-hit home runs in consecutive at-bats.

His father was major league catcher Al Unser.

Post career
When Unser played in the minors, one of his coaches was the legendary Harry Walker, aka "Harry The Hat". Though Unser never hit in professional baseball the way he did in college, he was a star on defense. After he was released by the Phillies, Unser ran a sporting goods store, then returned to baseball as a coach, returning to the city of Philadelphia.

Unser was hired in 1983 by Phillies President Bill Giles to be a roving minor league instructor. When John Felske became the manager in 1985, Unser was offered the role of first base coach and hitting coach and jumped at the chance for the role. After a few years of being a coach, Phillies general manager Lee Thomas offered Unser the role of farm director, a position he would hold for the next nine seasons. Unser oversaw the development of future Phillies stars like Mike Lieberthal, Jimmy Rollins and Scott Rolen. After being the farm director, he became a scout for the Phillies.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
 List of second-generation Major League Baseball players

References

External links

Del Unser at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Del Unser at Ultimate Mets Database
Del Unser at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1944 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from Illinois
Baseball players from Illinois
Cleveland Indians players
Eastern Illinois Panthers baseball players
Florida Instructional League Astros/Senators players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Mississippi State Bulldogs baseball players
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Philadelphia Phillies coaches
Philadelphia Phillies executives
Philadelphia Phillies players
Philadelphia Phillies scouts
Sportspeople from Decatur, Illinois
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Washington Senators (1961–1971) players
York White Roses players

Del Unser


A nutmeg, also known by dozens of national and regional variations, is a skill used mainly in association football, but also in field hockey, ice hockey, and basketball. The aim is to kick, roll, dribble, throw, or push the ball (or puck) between an opponent's legs (feet). This might be done to pass or when shooting the ball, but a nutmeg is more commonly associated with the skill of dribbling where it enables a player to get behind a defender.

Exponents in football

Kicking the ball through an opponent's legs in order to get the ball past them and back to the original player is a dribbling skill that is commonly used among football players. Owing to its effectiveness and being visually impressive, it is very popular among players and can be frequently seen being attempted multiple times throughout a game, whether by a single player or many different players. Some of the most notable practitioners include Riquelme, Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Robinho, Cristiano Ronaldo, Neymar, Luis Suárez, Lionel Messi, Eden Hazard and Tobin Heath. Suárez in particular is known for having a penchant for executing it constantly, which led to the banner and saying "Suárez can nutmeg a Mermaid" during his time at Liverpool.

Street football game
There is also a street football game, originating in the Netherlands, which is called panna (Sranan Tongo for gate). This game depends on usage of this technique.

In France and other french-speaking regions, children, (mainly boys) sometimes play a game called petit pont massacreur or "petit pont-baston" (= nutmeg slaughter or nutmeg rumble). During this game, any player that gets a nutmeg becomes the target of all other players, who are then allowed to kick the player, until he touches a predefinite object in the game area. The violence of this game got it to be highly mediatised during the 2000s, after children were hospitalized because of it.

Etymology
An early use of the term is in the novel A bad lot by Brian Glanville (1977). According to Alex Leith's book Over the Moon, Brian - The Language of Football, "nuts refers to the testicles of the player through whose legs the ball has been passed and nutmeg is just a development from this". The use of the word nutmeg to mean leg, in Cockney rhyming slang, has also been put forward as an explanation.

Another theory, supported by the OED, was postulated by Peter Seddon in his book, Football Talk - The Language And Folklore Of The World's Greatest Game. The word, he suggests, arose because of a sharp practice used in nutmeg exports in the 19th century between North America and England. "Nutmegs were such a valuable commodity that unscrupulous exporters were to pull a fast one by mixing a helping of wooden replicas into the sacks being shipped to England," writes Seddon. "Being nutmegged soon came to imply stupidity on the part of the duped victim and cleverness on the part of the trickster." While such a ploy would surely not be able to be employed more than once, Seddon alleges it soon caught on in football, implying that the player whose legs the ball had been played through had been tricked, or, nutmegged.

In other sports
In the National Basketball Association, Manu Ginóbili and Jamaal Tinsley employ the pass between the legs variant. Some commentators also use the term "five-hole" when this happens; the term arose in ice hockey for when the puck passes between the goalie's legs into the goal.

In cricket, England's Nat Sciver had the "Natmeg" shot named after her, when she hit a cricket ball through her legs during a game.

In other languages

Nutmeg is the British English name for this technique.
 In Spanish speaking countries like Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Spain and Mexico, it is called "caño" (spout, pipe), "túnel" (tunnel), or "cocina" (kitchen).
 In Albania it is called "kaush" (cornet) or "mes shalëve", meaning "between the thighs".
 In Algeria it is called "qerƐa" (قرعة), meaning "bottle".
 In Angola it is called "caguero" or "Iona".
 In Australia it is called a "nutmeg" or "megs".
 In Austria it is called "Gurkerl", meaning "small cucumber".
 In Botswana it is called "kitchen" or "keafeta".
 In Brazil it is called a "caneta" (pen), "janelinha" (little window), "rolinho" (little roll), "ovinho" (little egg) or tabaca.
 In Brunei it is called "lasut" or "ole".
 In Bulgaria it is called "мрежичка", meaning "a small net".
 In Cameroon it is referred to as "n'zolo".
 In Cape Verde it is called "lavagem" meaning wash.
 In Catalan speaking countries like Catalonia or Andorra it is called "tunel" or "sotana", meaning "tunnel" or "cassock" in English.
 In China it is called "Chuandang" (穿裆).
 In Cyprus it is called "Παττίχα" meaning "watermelon".
 In Czech Republic it is usually called "jesle" (hay rack) or "housle" (violin).
 In Denmark, Sweden and Norway it is called "tunnel".
 In Dutch it is known by the verb "poorten" (lit. 'gating') and the Surinamese word "panna".
 In Ecuador it is called "galleta" (Cookie).
 In Egypt and Saudi Arabia  it is called "kobry" (كوبري), meaning "bridge (n)".
 In Ethiopia it is called "lochie", or "weled" in Tigrigna.
 In Finland it is called "länget" (horse collar) or "puikot" (sticks).
 In France it is called "petit pont" (little bridge).
 In Germany it is called "Tunnel" (tunnel), "Beini" or "Beinschuss" (leg shot).
 In Ghana it is called "SULIA".
 In Greece it is called "podia" (ποδιά) meaning "apron".
 In Hong Kong (Cantonese) it is called "通坑渠" (drainage cleaning).
 In Hungary it is called "kötény" (apron), "szoknya" (skirt) or "bőr" (skin)
 In Iceland it is called "klobbi" literally meaning a crotch.
 In India it is called "Galla", derived from 'gali' meaning narrow lane. In some parts of India it is also called "Pana" literally meaning a spanner.
 In Malayalam it is called "nada" meaning "through the middle", e.g. "Messi avante nada eduthu" means "Messi has nutmegged him".
 In Indonesia it is called kolong meaning "pit".
 In Iran it is called "laayee" (لایی) meaning "in between", or "the one that goes between (the legs)".
 In Ireland it is called "megs".
 In Israel it is called "השחלת חוט במחט" (lit. "threading a needle") or "הברשה" (brushing).
 In Italy it is called "busta, meaning bag".
 In Jamaican English it is known as "salad".
 In Japan it is called "Mata nuki" (lit. 'crotch punching').
 In Jordan it is called "balaḥa" (بلحة), meaning "date (n)".
 In Kenya it is commonly known as "chobo" or "chobwe" - kupigwa chobo (nutmegged)
 In Korea it is called "Alggagi (알 까기)" (hatching an egg).
 In Lebanon it is called "Bayda" (بيضة), which means egg or testicle.
 in Libya it is called "bomshi" which is a kind of stones.
 In Lithuanian it is called "sijonas", which means skirt, or "klynas", which means space between your legs.
 In Luxembourg it is called "petit pont" (little bridge).
 In Malawi it is called Kalulu meaning "the hare" or "the rabbit"
 In Malaysia and Singapore it is known as an "olé" or "50sen".
 In Malta it is called "cracker tat-tazza" meaning "cup cracker".
 In Mandarin it is called "穿裆" (chuāndāng), meaning "through the crotch".
 In Mauritania it is called "Yali".
 In Morocco it is called "Bayda" (بيضة), which means egg.
 In Myanmar it is called "phaung gyar hte' htae".
 In Namibia it is called "Junkie" or "Kootjie"
 In Nepal it is also called "अन्डा पार्नु" (lay egg).
 In New Zealand, it is generally referred to as ''nutmegged'' or ''megged".
 In Nigeria It is referred to as "Toros" or "Da Pata" or "Kolo" a Yoruba word which is used to refer to a local piggy bank and ''okpuru'' in Igbo, a word which directly translates to under. In northern Nigeria, it is also called OC(Oh see).
 In Norway it is called "Tunnel". In the same meaning as in English. It can also be referred to as "luke" (hatch).
 In Pakistan it is called "Chadda" or "panna".
 In Papua New Guinea it is called "one-kina", after the coin which has a hole in the middle. It is pronounced in English.
 In Peru it is called "huacha".
 In Polish it is called "siata" (net), "kanał" (canal) or "dziurka" (hole).
 In Portugal it is usually called a "túnel" (tunnel), "cueca" (underpants), "rata" or "ova" (roe).
 In Quebec, Canada it is called "toilette" (toilet), "tasse de café" (cup of coffee) implying that someone has been served.
 In Romania it is called "urechi", meaning "ears", or "craci", meaning "legs".
 In Russia it is called "mezhdu nog" (между ног), "otverstiye" (отверстие) or "ochko" (очко), meaning "hole".
 In Senegal it is called "yalli".
 In Sierra Leone it is called "under waise" or "under cellar"
 In South Africa it is also known as a "iShibobo".And also "Spy two".
 In Sweden it is called "tunnel" (noun) and "tunnla" (verb).
 In Tanzania it is called "tobo" or more accurately "kupigwa tobo" (nutmegged).
 In Thai it is called "ลอดดาก" or "ดากไหม้".
 In Trinidad and Tobago it is called "breed".
 In Tunisia it is called "Ɛeḍma" (عظمة), meaning "egg".
 In Turkey it is called "beşik" (cradle), "beşlik" (5-pointer), "bacak arası" ("from between the legs") or (for the defender) "yumurtlamak" (lay eggs).
 In Uganda it is: "Okubiika Eggi" meaning "to lay an egg" or "okuzaala abalongo" which is giving birth to twins.
 In Ukraine it is called "p'yatdesyat kopiyok" (п'ятдесят копійок, fifty cents), which is derived from the comedic idea that if a player nutmegs you, you owe them 50 cents.
 In Uzbekistan it is called "Чотакай" (groin).
 In Vietnam it is called "xỏ háng" (lit. "pierced groin") or "xâu kim" (lit. "threading the needle").
 In Zambia it is called a "pomo or Olilo"
 In Zimbabwe it is called "deya, window or umbhoko"
 In Yemen it is called "طاقة" or "طوقي" meaning "window".
 In many other European/Latin and African countries it is called "panna", a Surinamese word.

See also

 Dribbling

References

Further reading
  — stills of a player executing a nutmeg, demonstrating the trick of pulling the ball back in order to force the defender to open his legs.
  — A well-positioned goalkeeper may be vulnerable to a nutmeg.

Association football skills
Association football terminology
Street football games

de:Finte
it:Dribbling (calcio)#Tunnel

Nutmeg (association football)


Tanel Sokk (born 20 January 1985) is an Estonian professional basketball player who plays for TalTech Basketball Team of the Latvian–Estonian Basketball League. Standing at 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in), he plays at the point guard position. He also represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

Professional career
Sokk began playing basketball in his father's, Tiit Sokk's, basketball school. He began his professional career in 2002 with Nybit of the Korvpalli Meistriliiga, coached by his father. On his first season in the KML, Sokk averaged 13.12 points per game and won the KML Best Young Player Award.

Dalkia/Nybit finished the 2005–06 season in third place. Sokk averaged 14.22 points per game and was named to the All-KML Team.

In 2006, Sokk signed for Kalev/Cramo. He won his first Estonian Championship in the 2008–09 season, when Kalev/Cramo defeated TÜ/Rock 4 games to 2 in the KML Finals. From 2011 to 2014, Sokk won four consecutive Estonian Championships with Kalev/Cramo. In 2012 and 2013, he won the KML Finals Most Valuable Player Award and was named to the All-KML Team.

Sokk joined TÜ/Rock for the 2014–15 season but had to postpone his debut for the team until 17 October 2014 due to an injury. He won his sixth Estonian Championship, after TÜ/Rock defeated his former team Kalev/Cramo in the KML Finals, winning the series 4 games to 1.

Estonian national team
As a member of the senior Estonian national basketball team, Sokk competed at the EuroBasket 2015, averaging 1 point and 0.5 rebounds per game, in 8.5 minutes. Estonia finished the tournament in 20th place.

Personal life
Sokk's father, Tiit Sokk, is a basketball coach and a retired professional basketball player who won a gold medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics with the Soviet Union national basketball team. His younger brother, Sten, is also a professional basketball player and represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

Awards and accomplishments

Professional career
Kalev/Cramo
 6× Estonian League champion: 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2019
 3× Estonian Cup champion: 2006, 2007, 2008

University of Tartu
 Estonian League champion: 2015
 Estonian Cup champion: 2014

Individual
 2× KML Finals Most Valuable Player Award: 2012, 2013
 KML Best Young Player Award: 2003
 3× All-KML Team: 2006, 2012, 2013
 VTB United League Top Estonian Player: 2013

References

External links
 Tanel Sokk at basket.ee
 Tanel Sokk at fiba.com

1985 births
Living people
Basketball players from Tallinn
Estonian men's basketball players
Point guards
Korvpalli Meistriliiga players
BC Kalev/Cramo players
University of Tartu basketball team players

Tanel Sokk


Bandwan is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Manbazar subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History

Background
The Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen mahajanapadas and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of the Jungle Mahals district, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to Purulia. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of Bihar, efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum). In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act of 1956.

Maoist activities
Banduan, along with certain other areas such as Manbazar, Jhalda, and Jaipur, was part of the area affected by the violent activities of Indian Maoists, also referred to as Naxalites.

Red corridor
106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of the left wing extremism activities, constitutes the Red corridor. In West Bengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents of Maoist related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years.

The CPI (Maoist) extremism affected CD blocks in the Purulia district were: Jhalda I, Jhalda II, Arsha, Baghmundi, Balarampur, Barabazar, Manbazar II and Bandwan. Certain reports also included Manbazar I and Joypur CD Blocks and some times indicted the whole of Purulia district.

The Lalgarh movement, which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of the Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas. The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was Lalgarh, it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of CRPF and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the 2011 state assembly elections and change of government in West Bengal. The death of Kishenji, the Maoist commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.

Geography

Bandwan is located at .

The Bandwan CD block is located in the south-eastern part of the district. The Bagmundi-Bandwan uplands is an area that has descended from the Ranchi Plateau.

The Bandwan CD block is bounded by the Manbazar II CD block on the north, the Ranibandh CD block, in the Bankura district, and the Binpur II CD block, in the Paschim Medinipur district, on the east, the Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai and Ghatshila CD blocks, in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, on the south and the Patamda CD block, in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, on the west.

The Bandwan CD block has an area of 351.25 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 8 gram panchayats, 69 gram sansads (village councils), 135 mouzas and 131 inhabited villages. Bandwan police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block are at Bandwan.

Gram panchayats of the Bandwan block/ panchayat samiti are Bandwan, Chirudih, Dhadka, Gurur, Kuilapal, Kumra, Kunchia and Supudih.

Demographics

Population
According to the 2011 Census of India the Bandwan CD block had a total population of 94,929, of which 88,936 were rural and 5,993 were urban. There were 47,798 (50%) males and 47,131 (50%) females. There were 12,150 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 5,630 (5.93%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 49,232 (51.86%).

According to the 2001 census, the Bandwan block had a total population of 83,678, out of which 42,246 inhabitants were males and 41,427 were females. The Bandwan block registered a population growth of 14.55 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.

Census towns in the Bandwan CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Bandoan (5,993).

Villages in the Bandwan CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Dhadka (1,896), Kunchia (2,279), Kumra (631), Chirudih (1,415), Supudih (2,567), Gurur (1,500) and Kuilapal (985).

Literacy
According to the 2011 census the total number of literates in the Bandwan CD block was 50,810 (61.38% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 31,016 (74.61% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,794 (48.03%) of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rate was 26.58%.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 52,950 and formed 55.78% of the population in Bandwan CD Block. Muslims numbered 558 and formed 0.59% of the population. Others numbered 41,431 and formed 43.64% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 60.64%, Muslims 0.75% and tribal religions 38.25% of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 census, 57.22% of the population spoke Bengali, 29.55% Santali, 10.34% Kurmali and 1.13% Mundari as their first language.

Rural poverty
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were BPL families in Purulia district. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.

Economy

Livelihood

In the Bandwan CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,752 and formed 18.47%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,834 and formed 52.40%, household industry workers numbered 4,776 and formed 10.08% and other workers numbered 9,034 and formed 19.06%. Total workers numbered 47,396 and formed 49.93% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 47,533 and formed 50.07% of the population.

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

Infrastructure
There are 131 inhabited villages in the Bandwan CD block, as per the District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 20 villages (15.27%) have post offices. 75 villages (57.25%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 42 villages (32.06%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 28 villages (21.37%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (3.05%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (5.34%) have banks.

Agriculture
In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Bandwan CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 0.56%, patta (document) holders 10.40%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.00%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 40.37% and agricultural labourers 42.67%.

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Bandwan CD block was 7,334.14 hectares, out of which 1,694.00 hectares were by canal irrigation, 4,833.90 hectares by tank water, 58.84 hectares by river lift irrigation, 122.80 hectares by open dug wells and 624.60 hectares by other means.

In 2013-14, the Bandwan CD block produced 3,533 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,739 hectares, 29 tonnes of Boro paddy, the summer crop, from 16 hectares, 18 tonnes of wheat from 9 hectares, 2,286 tonnes of maize from 1,636 hectares and 10,574 tonnes of potato from 372 hectares. It also produced khesari, and mustard.

Banking
In 2013-14, the Bandwan CD block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.

Backward Regions Grant Fund
The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.

Transport
In 2013-14, the Bandwan CD block had 4 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station was 29 km from the CD Block headquarters.

State Highway 5 running from Rupnarayanpur (in the Bardhaman district) to Junput (in the Purba Medinipur district) passes through this block.

Education
In 2013-14, the Bandwan CD block had 133 primary schools with 8,505 students, 19 middle schools with 442 students, 2 high schools with 868 students and 11 higher secondary schools with 9,109 students. Bandwan CD Block had 1 general college with 500 students, 1 professional/ technical institution with 62 students and 314 institutions with 6,967 students for special and non-formal education.

See also – Education in India

According to the 2011 census, in Bandwan CD block, amongst the 131 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 35 villages had two or more  primary schools, 28 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 12 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.

Bandwan Mahavidyalaya was established in 2010 at Bandwan.

Healthcare
In 2014, the Bandwan CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres, with total 48 beds and 6 doctors. 10,609 patients were treated indoor and 177,339 patients were treated outdoor in the health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.

Bandwan Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Bandwan, is the major government medical facility in the Bandwan CD block. There are primary health centres at Chirudih (with 10 beds), Latapara (with 2 beds) and Gurpur (with 6 beds).

References

Community development blocks in Purulia district

Bandwan (community development block)


Lisa Unger (; born April 26, 1970) is an American author of contemporary fiction, primarily psychological thrillers.

Biography
Miscione was born in New Haven, Connecticut but grew up in the Netherlands, England and New Jersey. She spent her teens in the Long Valley section of Washington Township, Morris County, New Jersey. Miscione moved to New York City after high school, where she graduated from the New School for Social Research and spent a decade working in publishing in New York. After a vacation in Florida, where she met her future husband who was vacationing from Detroit, she changed direction. She married Jeff Unger, resigned her job, moved to Florida and gave herself a year to sell her first novel. Fairly quickly she found an agent and sold a deal to produce four crime novels.

Unger published ten books and became an internationally bestselling author with her books being translated into twenty-six languages, with around 2 million sales. Her first four books were published in her maiden name of Lisa Miscione. Her first release as Lisa Unger was Beautiful Lies in 2006. In the Blood won the 2015 Silver Falchion Award for Best Novel (Crime Thriller). and was a Goodreads Choice Awards Nominee for Best Mystery & Thriller 2014.

Novels
Novels
 Beautiful Lies (2006) – Ridley Jones #1
 Sliver of Truth (2007) – Ridley Jones #2
 Black Out (2008) – Standalone
 Die for You (2009) – Standalone
 Fragile (2010) – Jones Cooper #1 (The Hollows book 1)
 Darkness, My Old Friend (2011) – Jones Cooper #2 (The Hollows book 2)
 Heartbroken (2012) – Standalone
 In the Blood (2014) – Standalone (The Hollows book 3)
 Crazy Love You (February 2015) – Standalone (The Hollows book 4)
 Ink and Bone (June 2016) – Jones Cooper #3  (The Hollows book 5)
 The Red Hunter (April 2017) – Standalone
 Under My Skin (Oct. 2018) – Standalone
 The Stranger Inside (Sep 2019) - Standalone
 Confessions on the 7:45 (Sept. 2020) – Standalone
 All My Darkest Impulses (May 2021) – House of Crows #1
 Fog Descending (May 2021) – House of Crows #2
 Circling the Drain (May 2021) – House of Crows #3
 Love the Way You Lie (May 2021) – House of Crows #4
 Last Girl Ghosted (Oct. 2021) – Standalone
 Secluded Cabin Sleeps Six (Nov. 2022) - Standalone

Writing as Lisa Miscione. Re-released in 2011 by Crown Publishing Group:
 Angel Fire (2002) – Lydia Strong #1
 The Darkness Gathers (2003) – Lydia Strong #2
 Twice (2004) – Lydia Strong #3
 Smoke (2005) – Lydia Strong #4

Novellas
 The Whispering Hollows (2016) (The Hollows series)

References

External links
Lisa Unger's website
Lisa Unger on a Comfort Junkie's Resistance to Adventure Travel (The Wall Street Journal March 2015)
Lisa Unger's Official Wattpad Profile
Interview with Publishers Weekly
Do Some Damage Interview
Interview with ITW's The Big Thrill
Interview with Booklist
Interview with Suicide Girls

1970 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American mystery writers
American thriller writers
American women novelists
Women mystery writers
21st-century American women writers
Women thriller writers
People from Washington Township, Morris County, New Jersey

Lisa Unger


Stoney Creek Bridge is a Canadian Pacific Railway (CP)  truss arch in southeastern British Columbia. This single-track crossing over Stoney Creek is in Glacier National Park, between Revelstoke and Golden.

1885 wooden bridge
Stoney Creek was the highest timber bridge ever built, and at the time was the second highest bridge in North America with reference to deck height, rather than structural height. Deck height is the maximum vertical drop from the bridge deck to the ground or water surface below. However, various sources yield a range of height measurements for this wooden structure.

The heights of the three towers were , , and . Recalculating the measurement using the planning and photographic evidence indicates an  deck height. Howe trusses, measuring  and , spanned the three piers.

The confined workspace of the narrow gulch and the unstable rock foundation slowed construction. A flash flood, which buried the foundations of the high tower, cost two days of work. After a forest fire consumed 14 cars of lumber for the bridge, loggers had to fell additional trees to replace the loss. Completed in early August 1885, construction took seven weeks, which included ten days lost owing to the death of two workers and wet weather. Although each of the very high bridges on the east slope of the Selkirk Mountains had been construction challenges, this final one proved the most problematic.

No other railway has ever matched CP in building as many high timber bridges as were required to initially conquer the mountainous terrain of eastern British Columbia.

1894 steel bridge

Construction
In 1893, 3,000 carloads of rock were railed from a Salmon Arm quarry. During construction, a carpenter struck by dislodged rock sustained fatal injuries on falling to the bottom of the ravine. A Hamilton Bridge Co. employee fell to his death later that year. This company replaced the existing crossing with an
 high,  long structure, incorporating a  steel arch span. After load testing, work was suspended until the spring 1894 completion and opening. The design could comfortably support the combined weight of two mountain region locomotives.

Strengthening
To handle heavier locomotives, CP proposed to replace the structure with a new  cantilever deck truss with  flanking anchor spans, built adjacent to the existing bridge. However, the unsuitable rock foundation of the canyon made the idea uneconomical. Instead, truss arches, positioned outside of the existing ones, would widen each side by .

In 1929, the Canadian Bridge Co. undertook the installation, and replaced the deck lattice girder spans with deck plate girders. The design could support four locomotives with a combined weight of 1,100 tons. In 1970, the load capacity was re-evaluated for the introduction of bulk commodity unit trains. In 1999, another strength evaluation was conducted. The western approach comprises a sharp bend in the track to cross the gorge at its narrowest point. This track curvature places considerably greater centrifugal forces on the west end of the structure, which limits current train speeds to .

Since the opening of the lower Macdonald Track in 1988 for westbound traffic, the Stoney Creek arch on the Connaught Track has primarily handled the lighter eastbound trains. Although fatigue damage during the prior 15 years was considerable, the bridge maintains an expected long life. However, to safely sustain present and future train loads, some deficient parts may require strengthening.

Accident
In 2015, six cars of a westbound freight derailed on the bridge. The train had diverted to the eastbound route because the Mount Macdonald Tunnel was being vented. The incident occurred when the train lost momentum on the steeper grade and stopped with the cars on the bridge. However, restarting on the curve caused the heavier cars at the front and rear of the train to lift the lighter middle cars from the track.

Notability
When opened, the 1894 bridge ranked seventh in height: Garabit Viaduct (1885)  Loa Viaduct (1888)  Pecos River High Bridge (1892)  Malleco Viaduct (1890) Kinzua Viaduct (1882) Young's High Bridge (1889) Stoney Creek Bridge (1894)

Although no longer world rating, the crossing ranks second to Lethbridge Viaduct (1909)  in Western Canada.

The bridge and its locale have been the subject of numerous CP promotional photographs that have gained iconic status. Among the most recognized are those by CP special photographer Nicholas Morant featuring The Canadian when it was the railway's flagship streamliner. In the mid-1980s, several television commercials to promote the railway were filmed at the bridge site.

Siding
Stoney Creek is a  siding at Mile 77.7, Mountain Subdivision. Adjacent to the west is Glacier (Mile 85.5), and east is Griffith (Mile 71.7). The bridge (Mile 76.2) is immediately northwest in an overall eastward direction.

1988 bridge
Downstream, and about  below the Connaught Track bridge, is the seven-span  long Macdonald Track bridge. Completed in fall 1986, the spans for the John Fox viaduct were unloaded at the south end of this bridge from early July 1987. On December 12, 1988, the first revenue train, hauling coal, passed over the bridge, and reduced an hour of the journey.

References

References

Bridges completed in 1885
Bridges completed in 1894
Canadian Pacific Railway bridges in Canada
Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in Canada
Railway bridges in British Columbia
Steel bridges in Canada
Truss arch bridges in Canada
Truss bridges in Canada

Stoney Creek Bridge


Major General Arthur Thomas Moore,  (20 September 1830 – 25 April 1913) was a Bombay Army officer and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
Moore was born in Carlingford, County Louth and educated at the East India Company College. He was 26 years old, and a lieutenant in the 3rd Bombay Light Cavalry, Indian Army during the Persian War when the following deed took place for which he and John Grant Malcolmson were awarded the VC.

On 8 February 1857 at the Battle of Khushab, Persia, Lieutenant Moore who was Adjutant of the Regiment, was probably the first in the attack, but his horse, on leaping into the square, fell dead, crushing his rider and breaking his sword. Lieutenant Moore extricated himself, but he would almost certainly have lost his life had not Lieutenant John Grant Malcolmson fought his way to his dismounted comrade and carried him to safety. In this battle Lieutenant Moore also charged an infantry square of 500 Persians at the head of his regiment and jumped his horse over the enemy's bayonets.

He later achieved the rank of major general. He died 8 Waterloo Place, Dublin, 25 April 1913 and is buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery.

See also
 List of Persian War Victoria Cross recipients

References

External links

News Item "Arthur Moore's Victoria Cross sold at auction"

Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross
British Indian Army generals
British East India Company Army officers
People from Carlingford, County Louth
1830 births
1913 deaths
19th-century Irish military personnel
Irish soldiers in the British East India Company Army
British military personnel of the Anglo-Persian War
Burials at Mount Jerome Cemetery and Crematorium
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Deaths from influenza
Infectious disease deaths in Ireland
Bombay Staff Corps officers
Military personnel from County Louth

Arthur Thomas Moore


The Architecture and Urbanism College, University of São Paulo (Portuguese: Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo) (usually called FAU, or FAUUSP) is an architecture and design school in the University of São Paulo in Brazil. It was founded in 1948 by a group of teachers from Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo.

The current school building was designed by João Batista Vilanova Artigas.  It contains a central atrium representing the power of collaboration, with a main ramp up through the building, and skylights. The atrium was designed both to host political and cultural events, and to foster conversation. Classrooms are around the outside edge of the building. It was built in 1968, and designed to reflect austerity rather than consumerism. It was inaugurated in 1969 and is considered one of the main representatives of architectural modernism in Brazil.

Vilanova Artigas was a faculty member of the school, and also helped create the original school's curriculum, a Bauhaus-style program giving equal footing to technical skills, history, and design. During the early 2000s, there were internal discussions in the University that led to the creation of the Design course in 2006.

References

1948 establishments in Brazil
Universities and colleges established in 1948
University of São Paulo
Brutalist architecture in Brazil
Architecture schools in Brazil

Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo


Bachendri Pal (born 24 May 1954) is an Indian mountaineer. In 1984, she became the first Indian woman to climb the summit of the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest. She was awarded the third highest civilian award in India, Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2019.

Early life
Bachendri Pal was born to a Bhotiya family on 24 May 1954 in Nakuri village, in the Uttarkashi district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. She was one of five children to Hansa Devi, and Shri Kishan Singh Pal, – a border tradesman who supplied groceries from India to Tibet. She was born only five days prior to the first anniversary of the original ascension of Mount Everest by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary. She completed her M.A. and B.Ed. from D.A.V. Post Graduate College, Dehradun. She started mountaineering at the age of 12 when, along with her friends, she scaled a  high peak during a school picnic. On the invitation of her school principal, she was sent to college for higher studies and, during her course at Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, became the first female to climb Mount Gangotri  and Mount Rudragaria  in 1982. In that time, she became an instructor at the National Adventure Foundation (NAF), which had set up an adventure school for training women to learn mountaineering.

Pal encountered stiff opposition from her family and relatives when she chose a career as a professional mountaineer rather than a schoolteacher. However, she soon found success in her chosen field when, after summiting a number of smaller peaks, she was selected to join India's first mixed-gender team to attempt an expedition to Mount Everest in 1984.

Ascent
In 1984, India scheduled its fourth expedition to Mount Everest, christened "Everest '84". Bachendri Pal was selected as one of the members of the group of six Indian women and eleven men to attempt the ascent of Mount Everest (Sagarmatha in Nepalese). The team was flown to Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, in March 1984, and from there the team moved onwards. Recalling her first glimpse of Mount Everest, Bachendri reminisced, "We, the hill people, have always worshipped the mountains... my overpowering emotion at this awe-inspiring spectacle was, therefore, devotional." The team commenced its ascent in May 1984. Her team almost met disaster when an avalanche buried its camp, and more than half the group abandoned the attempt because of injury or fatigue. Bachendri Pal and the remainder of the team pressed on to reach the summit. Bachendri Pal recalled, "I was sleeping in one of the tents with my teammates at Camp III at an altitude of . On the night of 15–16 May 1984, at around 00:30 hours IST, I was jolted awake; something had hit me hard; I also heard a deafening sound and soon after I found myself being enveloped within a very cold mass of material."

On 22 May 1984, Ang Dorje (the Sherpa sirdar) and some other climbers joined the team to ascend to the summit of Mount Everest; Bachendri was the only woman in this group. They reached the South Col and spent the night there at Camp IV at the altitude of . At 6:20 a.m. on 23 May 1984, they continued the ascent, climbing "vertical sheets of frozen ice"; cold winds were blowing at the speed of about  and temperatures touching . On 23 May 1984, the team reached the summit of Mount Everest at 1:07 p.m. and Bachendri Pal created history. She achieved this feat on the day before her 30th birthday, and six days before the 31st anniversary of the first ascension of Mount Everest.

After
Bachendri Pal continued to be active after ascending the highest peak in the world. She successfully led:
An "Indo-Nepalese Women's Mount Everest Expedition – 1993" team comprising only women, which set benchmarks for Indian mountaineering when 18 people reached the summit including 7 women.
All women team of rafters in "The Great Indian Women's Rafting Voyage – 1994", which had 18 women in 3 rafts. It was a pioneering effort by women in successfully completing the journey in the river Ganges from Haridwar to Calcutta, covering  in 39 days.
The "First Indian Women Trans-Himalayan Expedition – 1997", which was an effort by 8 women, who completed the trekking journey from the eastern part  Jhajjar of the Himalayas from Arunachal Pradesh to the western part of the Himalayas at Siachen Glacier reaching Indira Col – the northernmost tip of India at the altitude of , covering more than  in '225' days by crossing more than 40 high Mountain passes. This is the first success by any country.

Social service
Bachendri Pal, along with Premlata Agarwal and a group of ace climbers including Mount Everest summiteers, arrived in Uttarkashi and carried out relief and rescue operations in the remotest high altitude villages of the Himalayas that had been ravaged in the 2013 North India floods.

Awards and accolades
Bachendri Pal has been conferred with following awards and accolades:

Gold Medal for Excellence in Mountaineering by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation (1984)
Padma Shri – the fourth highest civilian award of the Republic of India (1984)
Gold Medal by the Department of Education, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India (1985)
Arjuna Award by the Government of India (1986)
Calcutta Ladies Study Group Award (1986)
Listed in the Guinness Book of World Records (1990)
National Adventure Award by the Government of India (1994)
Yash Bharti Award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, India (1995)
Honorary Doctorate from the Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (formerly known as Garhwal University) (1997)
She is the first recipient of the Virangana Lakshmibai Rashtriya Samman 2013–14, which was given by the Ministry of Culture, Government of Madhya Pradesh, India at Gwalior on 18 June 2013 for her personal achievement in adventure sports and women's upliftment in the country.
Padma Bhushan – the third highest civilian award of the Republic of India (2019)
 Bharat Gaurav Award by East Bengal Club: 2014

Books and publications
Everest – My Journey to the Top, an autobiography published By National Book Trust, Delhi,

Further reading

See also
List of Mount Everest records of India
List of Mount Everest records
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit
H. P. S. Ahluwalia
Women in India –Status of women in India

List of Indian women athletes
List of 20th-century summiters of Mount Everest

References

External links
Bachendri Pal Biography
Indian Autograph's profile

1954 births
Living people
Indian female mountain climbers
Indian mountain climbers
People from Uttarkashi district
Indian summiters of Mount Everest
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award
20th-century Indian women
20th-century Indian people
Sportswomen from Uttarakhand
Mountain climbers from Uttarakhand
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in sports
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Recipients of Indian Mountaineering Foundation's Gold Medal
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University alumni

Bachendri Pal


Gomishan (, also Romanized as Gomīshān and Gumshān; formerly, Gomish Tepe (), also Romanized as Gomesh Tappeh, Gomīsh Tappeh, and Gumish Tepe; also formerly known as Gomish Tepe Jik (), also Romanized as Gomīsh Tappeh Jīk; ) is a city and capital of Gomishan District, in Torkaman County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census its population was 15,639, in 3,236 families.

The city's Turkmen name, Kümüş depe, means "Silver Hill".

References

Cities in Iran
Golestan Province

Gomishan


The American Indoor Soccer League was a semi-professional indoor soccer league founded in 2002 and folded in 2008.

History
Founded in 2002, the AISL's headquarters were in West Springfield, Massachusetts, but the media relations office was in Cleveland, Ohio. The 2005–06 season started with promise, starting with six teams, but the New Mexico Storm and Detroit-Windsor Border Stars decided not to play in the AISL just before the season got under way. In 2006, the league announced the membership of the Canton Crusaders, but the team's membership was revoked after the ownership was unable to fulfill its financial obligations.

In 2008 with the Cincinnati Excite going on hiatus, and the Massachusetts Twisters and Rockford Rampage moving to the National Indoor Soccer League, the 2008–09 campaign was canceled. On December 23, 2008, all news stories were dropped from the website.

Rules
Like many other indoor soccer leagues, the AISL also had their own variations on the generally-followed indoor soccer rules. Some of these variations were:
A point system that consisted of 1, 2, and 3 point goals, depending on how far away from the net the shot was taken.
No three lines rule.
One timeout per half per team.
 Similar to the MSL, a goalkeeper could "...not use his hands when team-mate passes the ball back. Only after a shot from the opposing team, can you pass back to the keepers hands inside your third line. ( Rebounds, etc...) No direct pass back to keeper outside the third of field to hands."
The clock did not stop unless the ball went out of play in the last two minutes of the fourth quarter.

Teams

Previous champions

Notable names
Connally Edozien formerly of the Nigeria national football team's youth system and New England Revolution. Edozien has played in the USL with the Rochester Raging Rhinos and is on contract with the Carolina RailHawks FC.
Oscar Albuquerque current owner of the Rockford Thunder franchise played for Canada's 1980 Olympic qualifying team and in the National Professional Soccer League.
Dayton O'Brien formerly with the University of Memphis, O'Brien was drafted by the Columbus Crew in 2006. O'Brien signed with the Memphis Mojo for the 2006/2007 season.
Everson Maciel of the Western Mass Pioneers signed with the Massachusetts Twisters for the 2006/2007 season after good season in the USL Second Division earned Maciel a spot on the USL 2 All League Team.
Michael Todd of the New York Surf was selected by the Kansas City Wizards in the first round of the 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft.
Gary Flood of the New York Surf was also selected in the 2007 Supplemental but in the second round by the New England Revolution.

See also
Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL)

References

Defunct indoor soccer leagues in the United States
2002 establishments in the United States
2008 disestablishments in the United States
2002 in American soccer leagues
2003 in American soccer leagues
2004 in American soccer leagues
2005 in American soccer leagues
2006 in American soccer leagues
2007 in American soccer leagues

American Indoor Soccer League