Naked (Nackt in German) is a German comedy film about the relationship problems of three young couples in Berlin, who meet for a dinner party which does not go well. Released in 2002, it was directed by Doris Dörrie who also wrote the screenplay.

Plot

Three couples aged around 30, who were close friends when younger, meet for a dinner party. But nothing is as uncomplicated as it used to be and tension is felt from the first moment.

Emilia and Felix have recently separated and she has let herself go. She has cut off her hair, wears grungy clothes and her flat is a mess. Though the two never minded not having much money, she admits to an affair with the now-rich Dylan, their host for the evening. Their friends Annette and Boris do not have much money either and their relationship is always edgy, so much so that Boris can never find the right moment to hand over the engagement ring he has bought. The third couple of Charlotte and Dylan are married, and the business Dylan has built up has made him a millionaire. With an ostentatious new house full of designer kitsch and no need to work, Charlotte is deeply unhappy. She feels that their wealth has trapped them both.

When their four old friends turn up, the atmosphere is not relaxed and sharp remarks are exchanged. After the meal, Felix suggests replicating an experiment conducted at the university where Emilia works. The other two couples must place bets that once stripped and blindfolded they will be able to pick out their partner by touch alone. Any sound is forbidden and all are sprayed with the same perfume to mask differences in smell. Emilia and Felix, not being a couple, will be referees.

When the blindfolds are removed, Annette has been selected by Dylan and his wife Charlotte by Boris. Recriminations follow, ending in insults and blows. Left alone, Dylan tries to placate the hurt and furious Charlotte, ultimately suggesting that the answer to their problems would be a baby. Walking home together, Annette (who fancies Dylan) takes such a philosophical attitude to the mix-up that Boris at last feels able to propose to her with the ring he always carries. Felix sees Emilia to her flat and she tries to go to bed, but he wants to talk about past happy times. In the end, she agrees to strip and play the blindfold game with him.

Cast
Heike Makatsch: Emilia
Benno Fürmann: Felix
Alexandra Maria Lara: Annette
Jürgen Vogel: Boris
Nina Hoss: Charlotte
Mehmet Kurtuluş: Dylan

References

External links

San Francisco Gazette

 2002 films
2000s German-language films
2002 comedy films
Films about games
German comedy films
2000s German films

Naked (2002 film)


Boaz was a man from the Book of Ruth. He was related to Ruth's husband who had died without any children so she asked Boaz to marry her. He told her that there was a man who was more closely related to her husband than he was so she should try him first.  Then Boaz told the person known as Ploni Almoni this and Ploni Almoni spit in a shoe so he would not have to marry Ruth. Then Boaz married Ruth and she gave birth to a son Obed. Obed became the father of Jesse and Jesse became the father of David.

Old Testament people

Boaz


The Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB) is a research and teaching institute located in the International Tech Park, Bangalore. Its mission is to help grow the biotech industry. In order to fulfill this mission, it has adopted the strategies of education, research and promoting entrepreneurship.

Brief history

The Department of Information Technology and Biotechnology of the Government of Karnataka, and ICICI Bank, established the Institute in 2001. The institute has received overwhelming support from academic and industry scientists, primarily those in Bangalore. Its programmes would not be possible without this ongoing support.

IBAB's first Director, Prof. Manju Bansal is a professor at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. She was with the institute for the first 3 years. She was succeeded by Prof. N. Yathindra of the University of Madras.

Although currently located in 15,700 sq. ft. at the International Tech Park, the institute will be moving to its own buildings soon. The academic block of the new campus will have (in its first phase) 60,000 sq. ft. There will also be hostel accommodation and a dining block.

Funding support

The institute continues to be supported by the Government of Karnataka. It has been funded under DST's FIST programme, and has received research funding from the Ministry of IT and Dept. of Biotechnology, both of the Government of India. It has received faculty chairs from AstraZeneca Research Foundation, Biocon and Merck & Co. and has also been funded by the Wadhwani Foundation. IBAB has received scholarship support from the Government of Karnataka, Accelrys, Merck & Co, Millipore, Sartorius and from an annonymous donor. Mrs. Sudha Murty of the Infosys Foundation has endowed medals to two of the best students of the graduating bioinformatics class each year. Several companies and individuals have supported the student's entrepreneurship activities.

Education

IBAB offers Postgraduate Diploma Courses in Bioinformatics (since 2002), Biotechniques (since 2003) and, spurred by an endowed chair by the AstraZeneca Research Foundation India, Cheminformatics (since 2007). The bioinformatics course involves 12 months of teaching and, in the third term, a 6-month practical placement in industry (or academia). The biotechniques course involves 8 months of teaching and an optional 6 month research project. There is ~95% placement rates after graduation. Aside from these main courses, the institute offers several modules of short courses to company personnel and others during a year.

Research

Research work by the faculty has led to a bioinformatics tool, ExPrimer, for primer design. It has also led to several publications in international journals such as Nature Biotechnology, Nucleic Acids Research, BMC Genomics, Bioinformatics and FEBS Journal. 4 articles in the area of Bio-business have appeared in Current Science.

Promoting entrepreneurship

In 2004, the institute received a prestigious grant from the Wadhwani Foundation to promote entrepreneurship. The bioinformatics students take a course in entrepreneurship. In addition, it does research in the areas of patents and company formation. Several companies have availed the incubation services of IBAB: CellWorks Group, Symbiosis Biowares, Novozymes R&D, BioCOS Life Sciences and Microtest Innovations.

बंगलौर
बंगलौर शोध संस्थान
Computer science institutes
Bioinformatics organizations
Organizations established in 2001
Organisations based in India

जैवसूचना एवं जैवप्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, बंगलौर


The Staten Island Range Light, also known as the Ambrose Channel Range Light, is the rear range light companion to the West Bank Lighthouse. Built in 1912, the 90-foot tower sits more than five miles northwest of the West Bank Lighthouse, on Staten Island's Richmond Hill (Lighthouse Hill), 141 feet above sea level.  It shows a fixed white light that can be seen for 18 miles, by all vessels bound to New York and New Jersey Ports coming in from the Atlantic Ocean (on range only).

The original hardware, including the  second magnitude Fresnel lens and glass reflector, remain in place.  However, the original mineral oil-burning lamp has since been replaced  with a 1000 watt General Electric-manufactured Airway Signal incandescent lamp, with the backup light, which automatically turns on in the event of primary lamp failure,  being the same. Many lighthouses have transitioned to LED systems, but this legacy equipment remains in use at this light.

The Staten Island Range Light also has a second light, the Swash Channel Rear Light. This light is also a steady white light beacon, and shines continuously 24 hours a day. The Swash Channel is not a major shipping lane like the Ambrose Channel. Rather, it is akin to a "secondary road," connecting the Ambrose Channel with the Sandy Hook Channel. This secondary light is not within the lantern room, as is the main light, the Rear Ambrose Channel Light.

Both the Ambrose Channel Light, as well as the Swash Channel Light, have backup lights independent from each of the main lighting systems (and the main systems' backup lamps). Neither light blinks or rotates, and each is only visible on range. Additionally, the Staten Island Range Light may be powered by banks of on-site batteries in the event of power failure.

It was designated a New York City Landmark in 1968 and remains a valuable aid to navigation for ships entering the Ambrose Channel in Lower New York Bay.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

See also
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island
National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond County, New York

References

External links

 Lighthouse Friends site (photo)
 National Lighthouse Museum (photo)
 USCG list of Fresnel lenses still in operation December 2008
Coast Guard list of Lighthouses
Coast Guard list of assets
National Park Service's Maritime Heritage Program's Inventory of Historic Light Stations
National Park Service's Maritime Heritage Program's Inventory of NY Historic Light Stations

Lighthouses completed in 1912
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Lighthouses in Staten Island
New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island
1912 establishments in New York City
National Register of Historic Places in Staten Island

Staten Island Light


Gabriel Markus (born 31 March 1970) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina.

Career
A clay court specialist, Markus was a quarter-finalist in the Boys' Singles event at the 1987 French Open and at his best was ranked second in the Argentine junior rankings.

The right-handed player made the fourth round of the US Open in 1991, the furthest he would reach in a Grand Slam. Along the way he defeated Diego Nargiso, Stefano Pescosolido and Jan Siemerink.

At the 1992 French Open he memorably pushed second seed Stefan Edberg to five sets in the second round, but was unable to register a win.

Markus won France's Phillips Open in 1992, his only title win on the ATP World Tour. He upset top seed Peter Sampras in the semi-finals.

He participated in two Davis Cup ties for the Argentine team. He defeated Denmark's Morten Christensen in their 1992 World Group encounter and beat both Uruguayan singles players when Argentina faced Uruguay in 1994.

Since retiring, Markus has been involved in coaching. He was coach of David Nalbandian when he reached the final of the 2002 Wimbledon Championships and was coaching Nicolás Massú at the 2004 Athens Olympics, where the Chilean won two gold medals. In 2010, he became coach of Richard Gasquet but they would part company before the year ended.

ATP career finals

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Doubles: 1 (1 title)

ATP Challenger and ITF Futures Finals

Singles: 12 (5–7)

Doubles: 4 (0–4)

Performance timeline

Singles

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Argentine male tennis players
Argentine tennis coaches
Tennis players from Buenos Aires

Gabriel Markus


Vijaya may refer to:

Places
 Vijaya (Champa), a city-state and former capital of the historic Champa in what is now Vietnam
 Vijayawada, a city in Andhra Pradesh, India

People
 Prince Vijaya of Sri Lanka (fl. 543–505 BC), earliest recorded king of Sri Lanka
 Vijaya (Satavahana) (c. 3rd century), Indian ruler of the Satavahana dynasty; successor of Yajna Sri Satakarni
 Vijaya Manikya I (r. 1488), king of Tripura
 Vijaya Manikya II (r. 1532–1563), king of Tripura
 Vijaya-Bhattarika (r. c. 650–655), regent of the Chalukya dynasty of southern India
 Vijaya Kumaratunga (1945–1988), Sri Lankan actor, social activist, politician
 Vijaya Nandasiri (1944–2016), Sri Lankan actor, director, producer, singer
 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Indian diplomat and politician

In Hindu mythology
 Vijaya (bow), the personal bow of Shiva and Karna
 Vijaya, daughter of Dyutimat, the king of Madra Kingdom
 Jaya-Vijaya, the door-keepers of Vaikuntha, the realm of the god Vishnu in Hindu mythology

Other uses
 Vijaya Vauhini Studios, a film studio based in Chennai, India
 Vijaya (film), a 1973 Tamil film
 House of Vijaya, a Sinhalese royal dynasty
 Vijaya (font), a font introduced in Windows 7

See also
 Vijaya College (disambiguation)

 Vijay (disambiguation)
 Vijayalakshmi (disambiguation)
 Vijaynagar (disambiguation)
 Wijaya (disambiguation)
 Widjaja (disambiguation)

Vijaya


The Mason Jar was a nightclub and music venue in Phoenix, Arizona. It featured rock music, alternative rock, punk rock, hip hop, and heavy metal in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Many famous bands such as Nirvana, Rob Zombie, The Ramones, Joan Jett, Stone Temple Pilots, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Pearl Jam, Tool, The Black Crowes, Los Lobos, Meat Puppets, and many others took the stage during its heyday.

Founder

The Mason Jar was founded in 1979. Early Arizona acts included the Spiffs, Blue Shoes, Llory McDonald, and the Schoolboys (later to become Capitol Records recording act Icon). It was founded by Clyde Shields and then sold to Franco Gagliano after a couple of years in business. Gagliano is credited with growing the club and making the small venue a success with national touring bands. Gagliano, originally from Sicily, managed the club from inception until 2000. Gagliano was known for his pizzazz, personality, his clog shoes, and his love-hate relationships with the bands that played at the Mason Jar.

Initial success
Many bands came to the Mason Jar on their way to Sunset Strip in Hollywood, California. Some simply ran out of money, never making it to Los Angeles, and others simply liked Phoenix and decided to stay and made it their permanent home. Whatever the reason for passing through Phoenix, the bands somehow made their way to the Mason Jar and the club became world-renowned in the process. Scores of bands played at the Mason Jar before they made it big, such as Tool, Los Lobos, Green Day, Kid Rock, Rage Against the Machine, Jane's Addiction, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Guns N' Roses. Local bands such as Billy Clone and the Same, The Beat Angels, Burning Flamingos, The Jetzons, Surgical Steel, Flotsam and Jetsam, Icon, The Results and Sacred Reich also played there. Jason Newsted of Flotsam and Jetsam, who later became the bass player for Metallica, was a regular at the Mason Jar. The Manic Street Preachers were scheduled to play the final gig of their 1995 U.S. tour at the Mason Jar before the tour was cancelled following the disappearance of Richey Edwards.

Resurgence
The Mason Jar experienced a resurgence as top Phoenix live music venue with the start of the new millennium, when the club was bought by local businessman Michael Manfredi aka "Mick" in year 2000. Mick gave The Mason Jar a badly needed facelift, a substantial sound system upgrade and a new contemporary list of rising stars to hit the stage like, Linkin Park, Disturbed, Papa Roach, Fall Out Boy, Jimmy Eat World, Opeth, 30 Seconds to Mars and many more. Mick's appetite for diversity brought The Mason Jar into new genres including country music with acts like David Allan Coe, Hank Williams III and Shooter Jennings. Mick honored The Mason Jar's roots by hosting acts like Megadeth, The Ramones, Rob Halford, Dishwalla, Frank Black, Vanilla Ice, Stephen Pearcy, Ice-T, Robby Krieger and many, many others.

The Mason Jar was a favorite launching ground of music industry execs like Jenna Adler of Creative Artist's Agency (Papa Roach, The Apex Theory) record labels like Sony and DreamWorks, management agencies like Sanctuary Music (Rob Halford) and of concert promoters like Danny Zelisko, owner of "Evening Star Productions" (later merged with Live Nation) Tom Lapenna and Wil Anderson of Lucky Man Concerts, Kim Larowe of 13th Floor Entertainment and many, many more.

On August 15, 2000 Linkin Park played their first live show with singer Chester Bennington at The Mason Jar, just two months before their debut record, Hybrid Theory.

It was not uncommon to see famous artists, professional athletes and politicians at the Mason Jar. Artists like Sammy Hagar and Michael Anthony (Van Halen) would stop in to jam when booked on tour through Phoenix. Local artists like Alice Cooper and Glen Campbell's kids made their debut on stage at The Mason Jar.

The Mason Jar was often awarded "Top Club for Rock" by the readers of The Phoenix New Times. It gave music fans in Phoenix a chance to experience live bands the way clubgoers in Los Angeles and other major cities could.

Closing
The Mason Jar closed for business on February 15, 2005 when Mick sold the license to an outside party that no longer operated as The Mason Jar. The Mason Jar experienced its busiest year ever in its last year of business (when Mick was owner), boasting over 30 bands per week and dozens of shows on sale at Ticketmaster every month.

In 2006 the club closed for remodeling and re-opened as a gay bar.

On September 20, 2013 the building was used for the [Legends Of The Mason Jar - One More Time].
event. Promoted by Glenn De Jongh, the night featured reunions of many past Mason Jar acts from the 1980s and 1990s. Acts included The Spiffs/Urge, Raven Payne, Schoolboys Again (with members of Icon, King Kobra and Lizzy Borden), Scratch & Sniff, Egomaniacs, Killer Pussy, Blue Shoes, Box Of Cherries/Einsteins & Scott Rowe. Long time owner, Franco introduced the bands.

In 2015, the site of old Mason Jar became a local musical venue once more when Stephen Chilton of Psyko Steve Presents re-opened it as The Rebel Lounge. The first show was The Atlas Moth, Take Over and Destroy, and Gatecreeper. The gay bar has moved and the site is once again promoting all kinds of musical performances. Rebel Lounge is a popular venue for emerging musical bands and DJs from all across America.

References

Nightclubs in the United States

The Mason Jar


Christa Winsloe (23 December 1888 – 10 June 1944), formerly Baroness Christa von Hatvany-Deutsch, was a German-Hungarian novelist, playwright and sculptor, best known for her play Gestern und heute (known under several titles, see below), filmed in 1931 as Mädchen in Uniform and the 1958 remake. Winsloe was the first to write a play on female homosexuality in the Weimar Republic, yet without a "radical critique of the social discrimination of lesbian women."

Early life
Christa Kate Winsloe was born in Darmstadt to the military officer Arthur Winsloe and his wife Katharina Elisabeth Scherz. Her mother died unexpectedly in 1900. Upon her death, Christa was sent to the Kaiserin-Augusta-Stift, a very strict boarding school in Potsdam. In this institution, the girls of the aristocracy were drilled to learn discipline and submission. The experience would inspire Winsloe's later body of work: "as an adult Winsloe had to write down this nightmare to get it off her chest."

In 1909, she studied sculpture in Munich (specifically, her interest was sculpting animals), against her family's consent. Sculpture-making was considered an "unfeminine" profession at the time.

In 1913, she married Baron  (1880–1961), a rich Hungarian writer and landowner. Thus, she became known as Baroness Christa von Hatvany-Deutsch. While married to Hatvany, Winsloe began to write Das Mädchen Manuela ("The Child Manuela"), a short novel based on her experiences at Kaiserin-Augusta but held off on publishing. Soon after, her marriage failed, but Hatvany made Winsloe a generous allowance after the divorce.

Winsloe was involved in a relationship with newspaper reporter Dorothy Thompson, probably before World War II when Thompson was reporting from Berlin.

Career
In 1930, Winsloe wrote the play 'Knight Nerestan' which was produced in Leipzig and then Berlin under the title Gestern und heute ('Yesterday and Today'). The play's success led to a 1931 film version called Mädchen in Uniform (Girls in Uniform) with Winsloe as one of the screenwriters. The play ends differently from the film. In the play, the young student, Manuela, is destroyed because of rejection by her teacher, Fräulein Elizabeth von Bernburg, who did not dare to side with Manuela against the headmistress or oppose the brutal educational methods. Manuela commits suicide. The film is more ambiguous, with von Bernburg attempting to defend the student and herself. The film version was also a  considerable success, both financially and critically. This was due to its ambitiously aesthetic form and the fact that only women performed in it. The lesbian aspect of the story was downplayed and depicted as an adolescent crush, even though Winsloe co-authored the script, and Leontine Sagan, who in the play had stressed the lesbian aspect, acted as director.

In response to the play and film's downplaying of the lesbian themes, Winsloe completed and published her novel Das Mädchen Manuela (The Child Manuela) in 1933. It was a bolder novelized version of the screenplay that emphasized the lesbian storyline.

Winsloe did not publish anymore after Das Mädchen Manuela because she did not want to write under the rules and conditions of the German Literature Department. Soon enough, all of Winsloe's books and articles were on the Nazi index of "undesired literature". The author was considered as "politically unreliable". During World War II, however, she wrote scripts for G.W. Pabst.

Personal life and death
On the strength of Mädchen in Uniform's acclaim, Winsloe moved to Berlin, where at the time there was a lesbian sub-culture. She had plenty of money (from her ex-husband's allowance), worked as an animal sculptor, and had a wide circle of friends. She was a member of the SPD (the German Social Democrats, then largely reform Marxist in orientation), and was open about her sexuality.

Early in World War II, Winsloe fled the Nazis with her partner, Dorothy Thompson (Thompson had warned against Hitler early on, and was one of the first women who interviewed Hitler). They spent time in Italy and then Winsloe followed Thompson to the U.S., but Winsloe did not like it there. Her scripts were rejected from Hollywood producers and she did not want to write in English, so she left Thompson and returned to Europe in 1935. She spent the next years travelling between Italy, France, Hungary, Austria, and Germany.

In October 1939, Winsloe moved south and settled in Cagnes, where she met the Swiss author Simone Gentet. They stayed together during the following years and Gentet translated some of Winsloe's works into French. The two women also offered temporary support and refuge for people fleeing the Nazis.

Following an immediate evacuation order on 10 June 1944, Winsloe and Gentet were falsely accused of being Nazi spies by four Frenchmen. They shot and killed the two women in a forest near the country town of Cluny.

Works

Plays

 Gestern und heute (1930)
 Published in English as Girls in Uniform (1932)

Films

 Mädchen in Uniform (1931)

Novels

 Das Mädchen Manuela (1933)
 Published in English as The Child Manuela (1934, translated by Agnes Neill Scott)
 Life Begins (1935)
 Also published in the U.S. as Girl Alone (1936)

Unpublished works

 Sylvia and Sybille (play, 1931)
 Die halbe Geige (novel, 1935, 'Half the Violin')

References

External links
Lespress: Christa Winsloe und die Mädchen in Uniform
Dykesvision: Kritik zu Mädchen in Uniform

1888 births
1944 deaths
Austrian baronesses
Bisexual artists
Bisexual women
Bisexual screenwriters
Bisexual dramatists and playwrights
Bisexual sculptors
Female resistance members of World War II
French Resistance members
German socialists
German LGBT screenwriters
German LGBT dramatists and playwrights
German LGBT sculptors
Writers from Darmstadt
20th-century German artists
20th-century German sculptors
German women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
German women screenwriters
20th-century German women writers
Hatvany family
20th-century German screenwriters
Mass media people from Darmstadt
German civilians killed in World War II

Christa Winsloe


The 1918 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team represented Oregon Agricultural College (now known as Oregon State University) in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1918 college football season. In their first season under head coach Homer Woodson Hargiss, the Aggies compiled a 2–4 record (0–2 against PCC opponents), finished in last place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 46 to 33. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon. Meier Newman was the team captain.

Schedule

References

Oregon Agricultural
Oregon State Beavers football seasons
Oregon Agricultural Aggies football


Alto Marañón is a region in Peru with an area of more than 30,000 square kilometres. It is located within the northeastern region of the Marañón. The region has five significant rivers and a population in excess of 40,000 people. The population is distributed across 240 communities of mainly indigenous people.  The settlers of the zone characterize themselves by a strong indigenous feeling, pride and participation at level of organization and political activity.

References

Regions of Peru
Geography of Peru

Alto Marañón


Mark Kriegel is an American author, journalist, and television commentator.

Early years
He is the son of author and essayist, Leonard Kriegel. He grew up in New York City, and attended Stuyvesant High School, Swarthmore College, and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

Author
Kriegel is the author of critically acclaimed New York Times bestsellers, Namath: A Biography, about Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Namath, and Pistol: the Life of Pete Maravich. His 2012 book, The Good Son: The Life of Ray "Boom Boom" Mancini – about a boxer's relationship with his father, and a man who died at his hands in the ring – was made into a documentary by the same name.

Kriegel's work often focuses on conflicts between fathers and sons in sports – especially boxing. A front-page column he wrote for the New York Post, detailing the relationship between boxing trainer Teddy Atlas, Mafia figure Sammy ("the Bull") Gravano, and Gravano's son, became the basis for his novel, Bless Me, Father, which drew praise from the writer Richard Price, and the Los Angeles Times (which called it "mesmerizing.")

Journalism
He worked as a general assignment reporter at The Miami Herald and The New York Daily News. In 1990, his piece for the Daily News Sunday Magazine, "The People's Court" – an examination of basketball culture in New York – was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in the Feature Writing category.

The following year, he became a sports columnist at the New York Post. From 1994 to 2001, he was a columnist at the Daily News. He has also been a national columnist at FOXSports.com, and a contributing writer for Esquire. His Esquire profile of boxer Oscar De Hoya – "The Great (Almost) White Hope" was anthologized in At the Fights: American Writers on Boxing and The Book of Boxing, edited by W.C. Heinz.

Television
In 2011–12, Kriegel hosted a sports-themed interview show, Barfly, for FOX Sports Net. In June, 2012, he joined the NFL Network as an analyst on the launch of its morning show, NFL AM. He now does essay pieces for the network's Total Access show and Sunday features for Game Day Morning. Kriegel also writes the Emmy-winning All Access series for Showtime. His All Access: Chávez, about the turbulent relationship between the great Mexican boxer, Julio César Chávez, and his son, Julio Jr., explores the same father-son themes Kriegel focused on as a biographer.

He has been part of Emmy-winning teams for the NFL Network (2013 for "Outstanding New Approaches") and Showtime (2015 for "Outstanding Sports Documentary Series")

In January, 2016, Showtime launched a digital series, "The Reveal with Mark Kriegel," featuring deep dive, often emotional interviews with boxers and other sports personalities."

In 2017, he wrote and co-produced a feature-length documentary about Prison Fight "Prison Fighters: 5 Rounds to Freedom," the story of a controversial government program that allows inmates to fight for their freedom in Muay Thai matches. The program, as Kriegel told the New York Post: "Can violent men redeem themselves through violent acts?"

In 2022, Kriegel narrated a tribute package for Shad Gaspard's posthumous induction into the WWE Hall of Fame as the class of 2022's Warrior Award recipient

"He's been a part of three Emmy-winning teams for the NFL Network and Showtime.

Personal
Kriegel lives in Santa Monica, California, with his daughter, Holiday.

References

External links
NFL.com Profile

Living people
American sports journalists
NFL Network people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Mark Kriegel


The ISEPIC from Starpoint Software in USA is an extension cartridge which was introduced in June 1985 for the Commodore 64. It offers the capability to memory dump software regardless of the implementation scheme or storage medium. The resulting snapshot can be tested before saving.

Snapshots require ISEPIC to run. The cartridge vanished at the end of 1985 but still sold 20,000 units around the world, mostly by word of mouth at local computer clubs and niche magazines.

A major factor is the 2 kB RAM that could be reprogrammed And thus allowed the user to change its functionality. The 2 kB RAM is memory banked into a 256-byte page at 0xDF00 – 0xDFFF.

Reception
Ahoy! in October 1985 stated that "the ramifications of [ISEPIC] are startling, to say the least". While warning readers against violating copyright, the magazine discussed the cartridge's ability to both produce snapshots that required the cartridge to boot, and help users modify snapshots to produce standalone versions of programs ("In the tradition of the true hacker, these routines also display the Isepic logo while booting the program"). In a review of two other memory dumpers in March 1986, the magazine stated that they were superior: "While ISEPIC did not do bad as a forerunner, it does not measure up to the products reviewed here" which, among other improvements, produced standalone snapshots.

See also
 Trilogic Expert Cartridge - A later cartridge with 8 kB RAM

References

External links
 c64.org - ISEPIC

Home computer peripherals
Commodore 64

ISEPIC


Compulsion may refer to:

Psychology
 Compulsive behavior, a psychological condition in which a person does a behavior compulsively, having an overwhelming feeling that they must do so.
 Obsessive–compulsive disorder, a mental disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce anxiety and by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing that anxiety.

Film and television
 Compulsion (1959 film), an American film based on Meyer Levin's novel (see below)
 Compulsion (2009 film), a British television drama inspired by the Jacobean tragedy The Changeling
 Compulsion (2013 film), a Canadian thriller directed by Egidio Coccimiglio
 Compulsion (2016 film), an erotic thriller film directed by Craig Goodwill
 "Compulsion" (CSI), a 2005 TV episode
 Compulsions, a 2009 American web series

Literature
 Compulsion (Hutson novel), a 2001 horror novel by Shaun Hutson
 Compulsion (Levin novel), a 1956 novel and 1957 adapted play by Meyer Levin
 Compulsion, a 2010 play about Levin, by Rinne Groff
 Compulsion, a 2008 Alex Delaware novel by Jonathan Kellerman

Music
 Compulsion (band), a 1990–1997 Irish punk rock band
 Compulsion (album), by Andrew Hill, 1966
 "Compulsion", a song by Joe Crow, covered by Martin Gore on Counterfeit EP, 1989
 "Compulsion", a song by Röyksopp from The Inevitable End, 2014

Video games
 Compulsion Games, a Canadian video game developer

See also

Compulsion


The London Low Emission Zone (LEZ) is an area of London in which an emissions standard based charge is applied to non-compliant commercial vehicles. Its aim is to reduce the exhaust emissions of diesel-powered vehicles in London. This scheme should not be confused with the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ), introduced in April 2019, which applies to all vehicles. Vehicles that do not conform to various emission standards are charged; the others may enter the controlled zone free of charge. The low emission zone started operating on 4 February 2008 with phased introduction of an increasingly stricter regime until 3 January 2012. The scheme is administered by the Transport for London executive agency within the Greater London Authority.

The current standard for large commercial vehicles (over 3.5 tonnes) is Euro VI, increased from Euro IV on 1 March 2021. Vehicles need to meet these standards or face a penalty of £100 per day. The new rules were due to come into force in October 2020 but were postponed due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

History
Since 1993, the London Air Quality Network of King's College London has coordinated the monitoring of air pollution across 30 London boroughs and Heathrow, and has noted that in 2005–2006 almost all road and kerbside monitoring sites across greater London exceeded the annual average limits for nitrogen dioxide of 40 μgm (21 ppb), with eleven sites exceeding the hourly limits of 200 μgm (105 ppb) on at least 18 occasions each.

In 2000 one measuring site exceeded EU limits for air pollution, pollution rose for two years prior to 2007. The Green Party reported that nine sites in London exceeded the EU limits for air pollution in 2007. The A23 at Brixton suffered the most consistently high levels for more than two-fifths of the period. Carbon monoxide levels had reduced rapidly during the late 1990s and been relatively stable since 2002.

In 2007 Transport for London (TfL) estimated that there were 1,000 premature deaths and a further 1,000 hospital admissions annually due to poor air quality from all causes.

Planning
Towards the end of 2006, the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, proposed changing the congestion charge fee, from being a flat rate for all qualifying vehicles, to being based on Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) bands.

VED bands for new vehicles are based on the results of a laboratory test, designed to calculate the theoretical potential emissions of the vehicle in grammes of CO2 per kilometre travelled, under ideal conditions. The lowest band, Band A, is for vehicles with a calculated CO2 value of up to 100 g/km, the highest band, Band G, is for vehicles with a CO2 value of greater than 225 g/km. These results were to be used to determine which band each vehicle falls into. The resulting figures were described by the editor-in-chief of What Car? magazine as "deeply flawed".

Under the proposed modifications to the scheme, vehicles falling into Band A would have a reduced, or even zero charge, whilst those in Band G would be charged at £25 per day. Certain categories of vehicle, such as electric vehicles, are already exempt from the charge. These proposals were put out to public consultation in August 2007.

In early 2006, consultations began on another charging scheme for motor vehicles entering London. Under this new scheme, a daily charge would be applied to the vehicles responsible for most of London's road traffic emissions, commercial vehicles—such as lorries, buses, and coaches, with diesel engines. Cars were explicitly excluded. The objective of the new scheme is to help London meet its European Union (EU) air pollution obligations—specifically the EU Air Quality Framework Directive—as part of the Mayor's programme to make London the greenest city in the world. Despite some opposition, on 9 May 2007 the Mayor confirmed that he would proceed with a London Low Emission Zone, focused entirely on vehicle emissions, that plans to reduce emissions overall by 16% by 2012.

Introduction

The LEZ came into operation on 4 February 2008 with a phased introduction of further provisions as increasingly tough emissions standards apply. Vehicles registered after October 2001 are generally compliant with the first stages of the zone when Euro 3 engine compliance was the mandatory requirement.

The regulations were tightened in July 2008 with more vehicles types included.

On 2 February 2009 the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, announced his intention to cancel the third phase of the LEZ covering vans from 2010, subject to the outcome of a public consultation later in the year. The Freight Transport Association welcomed this move in its 3 February press release. The scheme was fully implemented on 3 January 2012.

For London Buses, since January 2012 a new Low Emission Zone (LEZ) was adopted, with those older buses selectively phasing out (those with no electronic destination displays and more than 12 years old) and the remaining buses were converted to Euro 3 or 4 standards. The new Low Emission Zone (LEZ) rules will be implemented from 2015, thus allowing all the Euro II vehicles and Euro III without catalytic standards to be removed. In July 2016 the last bus not meeting the standards was withdrawn.

Tougher standards from 2021
From 1 March 2021, all large commercial vehicles in London need to meet Euro VI standards or face a penalty of £100 per day. Commercial vehicles which do not meet the older standards (Euro IV) are charged £300 per day.

Statistics from TfL showed that the number of vehicles complying rose to nearly 90% upon the introduction of tougher standards in March 2021, up from 70% in May 2019. All buses in London meet the Euro VI standards, with an increasing number becoming zero emission.

Timeline
Applicable vehicles over the implementation phase:

Operation

The zone covers most of Greater London (with minor deviations to allow diversionary routes and facilities to turn around without entering the zone and the M25 motorway). The boundary of the zone, which operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, is marked by signs. The LEZ emissions standards are based on European emission standards relating to particulate matter (PM), which are emitted by vehicles, which have an effect on health. The following vehicles are not charged:
Lorries, buses, and coaches that meet the Euro 6 emission standard.
Vans and minibuses not exceeding 3.5 tonnes
All cars and motorcycles

Non-GB registered vehicles that meet the required LEZ standards will need to register with TfL; most compliant GB registered vehicles do not. Owners of vehicles that do not meet the above requirements have a number of options:
Fit a filter
Replace the vehicle
Reorganise their fleet to only use compliant vehicles in London
Convert to natural gas
Pay the charge (from £100 to £200 for each calendar day that the vehicle travels within the zone)

The zone is monitored using automatic number plate reading cameras (ANPR) to record number plates. Vehicles entering or moving around the zone are checked against the records of the DVLA to enable TfL to pursue owners of vehicles for which the charge has not been paid. For vehicles registered outside of Great Britain, an international debt recovery agency is used to obtain unpaid charges and fines. The scheme is operated on a day-to-day basis by IBM.

Reaction
The scheme was opposed during the consultation phase by a range of interested parties: The Freight Transport Association proposed an alternative scheme, reliant on a replacement cycle of vehicles, with lorries over eight years old being liable, with higher years for other vehicles. They also stated that the standards were different from the forthcoming Euro V requirements as well suggesting the scheme did not do anything to help reduce CO2 emissions. The Road Haulage Association opposed the scheme, stating the costs to hauliers and benefits to the environment did not justify its introduction. Schools and St John Ambulance have expressed concern about the additional costs that the scheme will bring them, particularly in light of the restricted budgets they operate under. London First, a business organisation, criticised aspects of the scheme with relation to the categorisation of vehicles, but supported the principle. The scheme has been supported by the British Lung Foundation and the British Heart Foundation.

Related schemes

T-Charge

In October 2017, London Mayor Sadiq Khan introduced a new £10 toxicity charge, known as the T-Charge, after London suffered record air pollution levels in January 2017, and the city was put on very high pollution alert for the first time ever, as cold and stationary weather failed to clear toxic pollutants emitted mainly by diesel vehicles. The T-Charge was levied on vehicles within Central London on top of the £11.50 congestion charge. The T-Charge was replaced by the ULEZ in April 2019.

Ultra Low Emission Zone

The ULEZ, which went into effect on 8 April 2019, initially covered the same area as the T-Charge but applies 24/7, 365 days a year, with charges of £12.50 a day for cars, vans and motorcycles, and £100 a day for lorries, buses and coaches. One month after its introduction, the number of the worst polluting vehicles entering the zone each day had dropped from 35,578 to 26,195. The zone was extended to the North Circular and South Circular roads on 25 October 2021. It was expanded again on 29 August 2023 to coincide with the low emission zone, covering almost all of Greater London.

See also

Ecopass (Milan)
Great Smog
London congestion charge
Low-emission zone
Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom
Road pricing in the United Kingdom

References

External links
TfL – Low Emission Zone website
TfL – Online compliance checker
TfL – List of compliant vehicles
Freight Transport Association – Low Emission Zone pages
London Air Quality Network
Drivers guide to LEZ

Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom
Road transport in London
Town and country planning in London
2008 introductions
2008 in London
Air pollution in the United Kingdom
Electronic toll collection

London low emission zone


"The Richest Duck in the World" is the last chapter of The life and times of Scrooge McDuck.

Plot
The chapter began like the movie Citizen Kane: opened at a huge dark mansion here somebody sit down on a chair say a word. At a street, Donald Duck and his nephews are watching TV: Scrooge is retired and lives in Manor McDuck, closed his empire. At Scrooge's mansion, Scrooge is irrited when Donald says that he spent most of his fortune into luxuries. To prove that he be wrong, Scrooge brings them up to Money Bin shows where his vault full of money. The Beagles try to steal the fortune but Scrooge and the boys pursuing us down the street and catch them. Scrooge decides to return to work and he vai begin to sell his mansion.

DuckTales

The Richest Duck in the World


Sweepstakes was an 1853 clipper ship in the California trade. She was known for a record passage from New York to Bombay, and for a race around the Horn with three other clippers.

Record set, New York to Bombay
Sweepstakes made a record passage from New York to Bombay in 1857, of 74 days, between May 9 and July 22. At the time, it was "one of the fastest passages on record between the two ports."

California clipper
Sweepstakes was built at the height of the clipper ship boom, in 1853, when there was a high demand for quick transportation to the California Gold Rush. Forty-eight clipper ships were built that year. Sweepstakes was the last clipper ship built by the Westervelt shipyard.

Just the year before, in autumn of 1852, "four splendid new clipper ships put to sea from New York, bound for California" in "the most celebrated and famous ship-race that has ever been run": Wild Pigeon, John Gilpin, Flying Fish and Trade Wind. "All ran against time; but the John Gilpin and the Flying Fish for the whole course, and the Wild Pigeon for part of it, ran neck and neck, the one against the other, and each against all. It was a sweepstake with these ships around Cape Horn and through both hemispheres."

Sweepstakes, though black-hulled like other clippers, bore a stripe of gold, found on only a few others like the N.B. Palmer, and was praised for her sleek lines and speed.
The clipper bow of Sweepstakes was an unusual form, with an upright, curved stem, a straight keel, and a rockered, arched forefoot.

A rather dramatic mishap occurred during the launch. The ship was sliding down the ways towards the water, when the rails gave way and spread out. The ship careened onto its side, and remained toppled over for three days, until Tuesday the 21st. The ship "struck the staging alongside and around the stern" of another clipper ship under construction, Kathay.  A "large number" of spectators viewing the launch from Kathay were pitched into the water, but all were recovered without incident.

With the help of steam tugs and two floating derricks, Sweepstakes was brought to Brooklyn Navy Yard for inspection and repairs.

Afterwards, the owners proposed a sweepstakes race for the new ship. "Messrs. Chambers & Heiser offer[ed] to sail the Sweepstakes, a clipper ship of 1600 tons, partially launched on June 18 from the ship-yard of Messrs. Westervelt & Sons, in this city, a race of 3000 miles, say 1500 out and return, each ship to pay an entrance of $10,000; the race to be subject to such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the New York Yacht Club.

Of the California clippers which sailed between 1850-1860, Sweepstakes was one of eighteen ships which made passages between New York and San Francisco in less than 100 days. The fastest trip between New York and San Francisco was 89 days; Sweepstakes came in seventh, with a passage of 94 days.

Sweepstakes'''  ports of call included New York, San Francisco, Shanghai, Manila, Macao, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Bombay.

In the preface to his autobiography, Master of the Show, Augustus Pitou, a Broadway producer who spent fifty years in theater as a manager, playwright, and actor, claimed to have sailed to Australia aboard Sweepstakes as a cabin boy.

Final voyageSweepstakes'' made its final voyage in 1862, from Adelaide to Batavia. The ship went aground on a reef in the Sunda Strait during this passage, and was damaged. It was drydocked for inspection, and condemned. The ship was sold for scrap on May 13, 1862, for 15,000 florins.

See also
 Jacob Aaron Westervelt

References

California clippers
Ships built by Westervelt & MacKay
Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States
Individual sailing vessels
Maritime incidents in July 1853
Maritime incidents in April 1862
1853 ships
Shipwrecks of Indonesia

Sweepstakes (clipper)


Dead On: Relentless II is a 1992 thriller film directed by Michael Schroeder. The tagline for the movie was: The first killer was unpredictable. This one is unstoppable. The movie was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It is the second installment in the Relentless series.

Plot
L.A. Detective Sam Dietz (Leo Rossi), struggling to emotionally survive his previous big case (from in the first Relentless film) is unwillingly paired with a shady FBI agent Kyle Valsone (Ray Sharkey), during a case tracking another serial killer (Miles O'Keeffe), who kills seemingly at random. But every time Dietz gets a lead, Valsone gets in the way and somewhat throws off the investigation. Suspecting more than meets the eye, Dietz goes around the law to learn the identity of the killer and find out what Valsone is hiding and his connection to the killer. Meanwhile, Dietz's wife Carol (Meg Foster) now estranged from him due to his long hours, tries to deal with her current situation and their uncertain future.

Cast
 Ray Sharkey as Kyle Valsone
 Leo Rossi as Sam Dietz
 Meg Foster as Carol Dietz
 Marc Poppel as Paul Taglia
 Dale Dye as Captain Rivers
 Miles O'Keeffe as Gregor
 Allan Rich as Grazinsky
 Cylk Cozart as detective at precinct
 Art Kimbro as Henry
 Sven-Ole Thorsen as Mechanic (Patrick Vergano)
 Dawn Mangrum as reporter
 Leilani Jones as Belinda Belos
 Frank Rossi as cop at Mechanic's apartment
 Mindy Seeger as Francine
 Barbara Anne Klein as the realtor
 Perry Lang as Ralph Boshi

Other films in the series
 Relentless (1989)
 Relentless 3 (1993)
 Relentless IV: Ashes to Ashes (1994)

References

External links

1992 films
1992 crime thriller films
American crime thriller films
American sequel films
CineTel Films films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Michael Schroeder
Films shot in Los Angeles
1990s American films

Dead On: Relentless II


Daniel "Cloud" Campos (born May 6, 1983) is an American dancer, director, and choreographer raised in San Diego, California, and Orlando, Florida.

Early life
Cloud started dancing as a b-boy when he was 11. He learned breaking from his oldest brother Kevin "Deft-1" Campos who is also a b-boy. He spent his early life in San Diego then moved to Florida when he was 12. During his time in Florida he toured with High Voltage extreme acrobatics dance team and became a member of Skill Methodz b-boy crew, which was founded in 1995 in Tampa under the name B-Boy Connection. He described what his b-boy name means in a 2011 interview with KoreanRoc.com:

Dance career
After moving to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the dance industry, he booked two tours with Madonna; first in 2004 on her Re-Invention World Tour and again in 2006 on her Confessions Tour. He also starred in Madonna's videos "Hung Up" in 2005 and "Sorry" in 2006. He also performed in the stage show Groovaloos. In 2009, he won first place with his crew Skill Methodz at the UK B-Boy Championships. Later the same year, he competed at Red Bull BC One and appeared in Shakira's music video "Did It Again" as the principal male dancer. In 2010, he appeared in the online series The LXD as The Illister and played the antagonist, Kid Darkness, in the film Step Up 3D. In 2011, he served as one of ten choreographers for Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour.

In October 2012, British blog The Next Hype ran an article about Cloud's appearances in two commercials by rivals Apple and Microsoft. In 2012, Cloud appeared as the lead dancer in a Microsoft Surface commercial directed by Jon M. Chu that went viral on YouTube. Three years earlier, he appeared in an iPod Nano commercial that advertised the release of the model's fifth generation, noted for the addition of a video camera. Although The Next Hype felt that Microsoft "...using [Cloud] as a figurehead for your new product after Apple used him 3 years ago is just sloppy", these instances were not the only times Cloud worked with either company. He has appeared in several iPod commercials and print ads dating back to 2004, and in 2013 he appeared as the lead dancer in another Jon Chu-directed Microsoft commercial that promoted the Surface Pro model.

Film career

Cloud first developed an interest in film-making when he was 17. He made his first short film (called The Paperboy) in an alleyway at Universal Studios Florida. He uploaded the film on YouTube and after generating positive responses he decided to continue film-making. His short film Heaven Awaits won the Grand Prize at the 2005 Filmerica Challenge. In 2011, he successfully raised over $50,000 in individual donations through Kickstarter to fund a musical called Today's the Day.

In 2013, Cloud directed the music videos "Stay the Night" by Zedd and "Now" by Paramore. He co-directed and co-choreographed the music video for "Cold Front", by singer Laura Welsh, with his then wife Tamara Levinson-Campos (with the two having since then divorced). Levinson-Campos is also the principal female dancer in the video. After being uploaded to Cloud's Vimeo channel, the website chose "Cold Front" as a Staff Pick.

In November 2014, Cloud directed the video for "Salt" by Bad Suns. Cloud has directed three music videos for Panic! at the Disco: "Emperor's New Clothes", "This Is Gospel", and "Say Amen (Saturday Night)". "This is Gospel" was also choreographed by Levinson-Campos.

In 2017, Campos was the assistant choreographer for The Greatest Showman, and earned some notice as the silent bartender who rhythmically serves drinks to Philip Carlyle (Zac Efron) and P.T. Barnum (Hugh Jackman) during the song "The Other Side".

In 2019, 2020 and 2022 respectively, Campos directed the video for "BULLET TO THE HEART", "100 Ways" and "Blow" by Jackson Wang.

References

External links

1983 births
American breakdancers
Living people
People from Orlando, Florida
American male dancers
American hip hop dancers
American music video directors
People from Cook County, Georgia

Cloud (dancer)


The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system is an electronic toll collection scheme adopted in Singapore to manage traffic by way of road pricing, and as a usage-based taxation mechanism to complement the purchase-based Certificate of Entitlement system.

The ERP was implemented by the Land Transport Authority on April 1, 1998 to replace the preceding Singapore Area Licensing Scheme (ALS) that was first introduced on 11 August 1974 after successfully stress-testing the system with vehicles running at high speed. The system uses open road tolling; vehicles do not stop or slow down to pay tolls.

Singapore was the first city in the world to implement an electronic road toll collection system for purposes of congestion pricing. Its use has inspired other cities around the world in adopting a similar  system, particularly London's Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) and Stockholm's congestion tax. It has also been proposed in New York City and San Francisco.

The system

The scheme consists of ERP gantries located at all roads linking into Singapore's Central Area. They are also located along the expressways and arterial roads with heavy traffic to discourage usage during peak hours. The gantry system is actually a system of sensors on 2 gantries, one in front of the other. Cameras are also attached to the gantries to capture the rear license plate numbers of vehicles. On 18 September 2018, there were 93 ERP gantries in Singapore. New gantries are implemented where congestion is severe, like expressways and other roads.

A device known as an In-vehicle Unit (IU) is affixed on the lower right corner of the front windscreen within sight of the driver, in which a stored-value card, the NETS CashCard, is inserted for payment of the road usage charges. The second generation IU accepts Contactless NETS FlashPay and EZ-Link. The cost of an IU is S$150. It is mandatory for all Singapore-registered vehicles to be fitted with an IU if they wish to use the priced roads.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd sold the IU technology to Singapore, and the project was spearheaded by a consortium comprising Philips Singapore Pte Ltd., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Miyoshi Electronic Corporation and CEI Systems and Engineering (now known as CSE Global Ltd.) in 1995 through an open tender.

When a vehicle equipped with an IU passes under an ERP gantry, a road usage charge is deducted from the CashCard in the IU. Sensors installed on the gantries communicate with the IU via a dedicated short-range communication system, and the deducted amount is displayed to the driver on an LCD screen of the IU.

The charge for passing through a gantry depends on the location and time, the peak hour being the most expensive. Examples include a trip from Woodlands to Raffles Place via Yishun – CTE – CBD will cost about S$15 during peak as the driver will pass about 5 gantries, whereas during lunchtime, it will cost about S$2. Foreign visitors driving foreign-registered private vehicles on priced roads, during the ERP operating hours, could choose to either rent an IU or pay a daily flat fee of S$5 regardless how many ERP gantries entered, the payment is done and information is stored by Autopass Card until the vehicle leaves Singapore. Foreign-registered commercial vehicles, however, are required to install an IU.

If a vehicle owner does not have sufficient value in their CashCard (or EZ-Link) when passing through an ERP, the owner receives a fine by post within two weeks. The violator must pay the ERP charges plus a $10 administration fee within two weeks of the notice. Online payment is allowed; listing just the Vehicle Registration Number is required. Otherwise, a penalty of S$70 is issued by registered post to the vehicle owner, which rises to S$1000, or one month in jail, if not settled within 30 days.

Improvements and adaptations

According to a paper presented in the World Roads Conference 2006, the Land Transport Authority has been testing a system based on the Global Positioning System that may eventually replace the current Electronic Road Pricing system. The proposed system overcomes the inflexibility of having physical gantries, which "are not so flexible when it comes to re-locating them".

A lightweight version of this same technology is implemented for use on parking, known as the Electronic Parking System (EPS). It has since been adopted in favour by several carpark operators, superseding the use of autopay tickets or parking coupons. These systems have also typically switched to charging by the minute.

Latest developments
In an effort to improve the pricing mechanism and to introduce real-time variable pricing, Singapore's Land Transport Authority, together with IBM, ran a pilot from December 2006 to April 2007, with a traffic estimation and prediction tool (TrEPS), which uses historical traffic data and real-time feeds with flow conditions from several sources, to predict the levels of congestion up to an hour in advance. By accurate estimating prevailing and emerging traffic conditions, this technology is expected to allow variable pricing, together with improved overall traffic management, including the provision of information in advance to alert drivers about conditions ahead, and the prices being charged at that moment.

This new system integrates with the various LTA's traffic management existing systems, such as the Green Link Determining System (GLIDE), TrafficScan, Expressway Monitoring Advisory System (EMAS), Junction Electronic Eyes (J-Eyes), and the Electronic Road Pricing system. The pilot results were successful, showing overall prediction results above 85 percent of accuracy. Furthermore, when more data was available, during peak hours, average accuracy raised near or above 90 percent from 10 minutes up to 60 minutes predictions in the future.

The Land Transport Authority will replace the normal ERP gantry with the islandwide ERP system that will show the pricing of the congested road. Subsequently, a tender was called and in 2016, NCS and MHI Engine System was awarded the contract to install the system at S$556 million, which is less than ST Electronics's bid of S$1.2 billion. The system also shows real-time traffic information, couponless parking and automatic payment. At that time, the Land Transport Authority said the system will start from 2020 with distance charging after the transitional period. Electronic Road Pricing was suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic heightened lockdowns; with ERP resumed on several gantries. As a result, satellite ERP will start later. There will be no need for big gantries when the system starts, with current IU systems replaced by onboard units (OBUs) with one-piece units for motorcycles and three-piece units for cars.

Impact
A study on the long-term effects of congestion pricing in Singapore claimed that "traffic congestion had not been eliminated—it had merely been shifted in time and location" and that the average travel time has increased.

In contrast, another report stated that road traffic decreased by nearly 25,000 vehicles during peak hours, with average road speeds increasing by about 20%. Within the restricted zone itself, traffic has gone down by about 13% during ERP operational hours, with vehicle numbers dropping from 270,000 to 235,000. It has been observed that car-pooling and public transport has increased, while the hours of peak vehicular traffic has also gradually eased and spread into off-peak hours, suggesting a more productive use of road space. In addition, it has been noted that average road speeds for expressways and major roads remained the same, despite rising traffic volumes over the years.

In some cases, the implementation of an ERP gantry along a road may move the traffic to outer roads or shift would-be car users towards public transport. One instance of this is that the ERP gantries have been said to have caused traffic to increase substantially in the arterial roads. In response, congestion on the East Coast Parkway was relieved with the opening of Marina Coastal Expressway on 29 December 2013. The rising traffic has prompted the LTA to encourage more Singaporeans to switch to public transport as part of the country's general "car-lite society" plan, by building more MRT train lines and introducing more bus services. The full completion of the Downtown MRT line on 21 October 2017 complements the Pan Island Expressway. The Thomson–East Coast MRT line also runs largely parallel to the Seletar Expressway and East Coast Parkway.

Adoptions by other metropolitan areas
In Ontario, Canada, an electronic road pricing system is used on Highway 407 to collect tolls electronically and billed to the owner of the car by taking a picture of its license plate.

The ERP system attracted the attention of transport planners and managers in other metropolitan areas, particularly those in Europe and the United States. For example, the London Congestion Charge was introduced on 17 February 2003, after London officials visited Singapore to study the ERP system, and used it as a reference for the London system. London's charge area was expanded in 2007.

The Stockholm congestion tax is also a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax which is levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Stockholm, Sweden. The congestion tax was implemented on a permanent basis on 1 August 2007, after a seven-month trial period was held between 3 January 2006 and 31 July 2006.

In 2007, Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, implemented a corridor congestion pricing scheme called Salik which works on similar principles. In January 2008, Milan introduced a traffic charge scheme as a one-year trial, called Ecopass, and exempts high emission standard vehicles and some alternate fuel vehicles. This tax was substituted in 2012 by the Area C system, which places a charge on nearly all vehicles entering the city centre during weekdays.

A similar system is expected to be operational on selected roads in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia by early 2019.

See also

 Road Pricing
 Congestion pricing
 Electronic toll collection
 Hong Kong Electronic Road Pricing
 Intelligent Transportation Systems
 Singapore Area Licensing Scheme
 London Congestion Charge
 Milan Area C
 New York congestion pricing
 San Francisco congestion pricing
 Stockholm congestion tax
 PAYD

References

External links

Land Transport Authority (Singapore): ERP
Integrated public transport in Singapore and Hong Kong, James Luk and Piotr Olszewski, Dec 2003
Schematic drawing of ERP system using pair of 2 gantries and 5 step detection sequence

Electronic toll collection
Road congestion charge schemes
Road traffic management
Singapore government policies
Road transport in Singapore

Electronic Road Pricing


Bittermens is an American producer of cocktail bitters and flavoring extracts.

The history of Bittermens dates back to 2007 when Avery and Janet Glasser, while living in San Francisco, were invited to a bitters-making event at the 209 Distillery. After receiving positive feedback from bartenders in San Francisco, New York and Boston, the Glassers started the process of registering as a Manufacturer of Nonbeverage (Alcohol) Products with the Bureau of Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. In 2010, after obtaining all of the necessary federal and state permits, Bittermens started production in a shared commercial kitchen in Somerville, MA. In 2011, Bittermens relocated to Brooklyn, NY. In 2013, Bittermens moved their operations down to Greater New Orleans, LA. In 2016, Bittermens relocated to Portland, Oregon.

As of January, 2013, Bittermens currently produces over 5000 bottles each month in the following flavors:

 Xocolatl Mole Bitters - The original chocolate and spice bitters (2007)
 Hopped Grapefruit Bitters (2007)
 'Elemakule Tiki Bitters - Allspice, Cinnamon, Clove and Citrus (2008)
 Boston Bittahs - Citrus and Chamomile (2008)
 Burlesque Bitters - Açai, Rosehips, Hibiscus and Long Pepper (2011)
 Orange Cream Citrate - Orange and Vanilla (2011)
 Orchard Street Celery Shrub - Celery, Ginger and Apple Cider Vinegar (2011)
 Hellfire Habanero Shrub - Habanero Pepper, Elderberries and Red Wine Vinegar (2011)

In 2011, Bittermens formed a new company, Bittermens Spirits, Inc. to launch a line of domestically produced bitter liqueurs. Later in 2012, Bittermens created and launched Bäska Snaps, a traditional Swedish-style bitter schnapps made with distilled wormwood, which started their foray into producing New Nordic Spirits. In 2015, Bittermens branched out into syrups with its new Speed Craft Syrups line, and in 2016, Bittermens launched its first six new bitters since 2011.

On March 3, 2017, Sazerac Company announced that it had purchased a "significant interest" in Bittermens.

References

Bitters
Food and drink companies established in 2011
American companies established in 2010
Distilleries in Oregon

Bittermens


Ava Lord is a fictional character in Frank Miller's Sin City universe, the title character in the graphic novel A Dame to Kill For. An ex-lover of Dwight McCarthy, she manipulates men with her good looks and an innocent facade for her own personal gain or amusement. An expert liar, she is considered a goddess by Manute, her towering manservant, and a "manipulative bitch" by Dwight. She represents the classic femme fatale, acting as a foil to Dwight's hard-boiled antihero.

Background

One night, Dwight McCarthy receives a call from Ava, asking him to meet her at a seedy bar called Kadie's Club Pecos. She had broken his heart nearly four years prior — a month or so before John Hartigan's release from prison in That Yellow Bastard — but he agrees to meet her. Marv is also there and greets Dwight. Ava arrives late and tries to persuade Dwight to take her back, claiming that her life is "a living Hell." Dwight refuses as Manute arrives, taking Ava away. Dwight goes home, but cannot sleep, so he decides to check up on Ava and her new husband, Damien Lord.

He hops a fence and, using his photography equipment, scopes out the estate. He is discovered and claims that he is a peeping tom. Manute seemingly doesn't recognize him, but beats him brutally anyway. Dwight calls Agamemnon for a ride home, and they stop to get pizza. As he arrives home, he finds his Ford Mustang returned and his door unlocked. In his bedroom is a nude Ava. They eventually reconcile and make love. Manute arrives and violently beats a naked Dwight. Dwight is knocked out of his upper story apartment window, where he blacks out momentarily. He awakens to find Manute driving off with Ava.

Dwight arrives at Kadie's, where Marv is in the middle of a squabble with some out-of-town punks. One of them pulls a gun on Marv, who knocks him flat. Dwight convinces Marv to help him storm Damien's estate. They drink together and watch Nancy Callahan dance. As they approach the mansion, Dwight insists Marv leave the punk's gun, which Marv has procured, in the car. Marv tackles the guards as a distraction and eventually takes on Manute. Marv rips Manute's right eye out and beats him savagely. With Manute occupied, Dwight makes his way to Damien. When he finds him, he beats him to death. Ava appears, and explains how Dwight was all a part of her plan to get Damien murdered so she could inherit his estate. She shoots Dwight six times, including once in the head. Dwight once again falls out of a window and is picked up by Marv.

Two detectives following up on Damien Lord's death, Mort and Bob, talk to Ava. She claims that Dwight was a stalker who killed Damien out of jealousy. They believe her story, and Mort starts sleeping with her. They interrogate Agamemnon, who defends Dwight as an upright man who went clean after a wild youth of alcoholism. When they speak with Dwight's landlady, she says she let Ava in the night of Damien's murder, and heard a loud fight. Bob doubts Ava considerably now, while Mort, still sleeping with Ava, becomes more on-edge towards his partner. This culminates with Mort killing Bob, then committing suicide.

Meanwhile, Dwight is recovering from his near-fatal wounds and calls Ava to inform her he's coming for her soon. Ava, with her late husband's financial assets, is joining her corporation with the mob boss Wallenquist. Wallenquist, unaffected by Ava's flirting, warns her not to flirt with him again and tells her to tie up her loose end with Dwight and has someone arriving from Phoenix soon to meet her about that.

Dwight, who now has a new face, poses as Wallenquist's man from Phoenix, accompanied by Gail and Miho. Once inside Ava's estate, Manute sees past the new face and captures Dwight. Gail and Miho strike from Dwight's car, and Dwight shoots Manute with a hidden .25 he had up his left sleeve. Six bullets fail to kill him, and Manute aims at Dwight as Ava grabs one of Manute's guns, shooting Manute in his shoulder. Manute falls through a window and upon landing, Miho stabs him in the arms, pinning him to the ground. Ava then tries telling Dwight that Manute had her under mind control to manipulate her and Damien and that it would be a cruel irony if he killed her now. Dwight finally sees through all the lies and kills Ava.

Film portrayal
Ava Lord appears in Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, the sequel to the 2005 movie Sin City, which was based on Miller's graphic novels, released in 2014.  She features prominently in the third and most substantial story of the film, A Dame to Kill For, which is based on the same story by Frank Miller.  In the film, Ava is portrayed by actress Eva Green, whose role was announced in January 2013.  Prior to Green's casting, actresses Rose McGowan and Salma Hayek were rumoured to play Ava, while director Robert Rodríguez and Miller had expressed interest in 2006 for Angelina Jolie to play Ava.

References

Comics characters introduced in 1993
Sin City characters
Female characters in comics
Fictional characters from Washington (state)
Crime film characters
Fictional socialites
Characters created by Frank Miller (comics)
Fictional criminals in films

Ava Lord


Grace Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American actress and royal. She later married Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and became Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco.

Early life
Grace Kelly was born at Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia on November 12 1929. Her father was an Irish American and her mother was a German American.

Acting career
Grace Kelly graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1949. She made her film debut in Fourteen Hours (1951) and gained stardom from her roles in Fred Zinnemann's western film High Noon (1952), and John Ford's adventure-romance Mogambo (1953). Other notable works include Dial M for Murder, Rear Window, and To Catch a Thief. In 1955 she won an Academy Award for The Country Girl. She was the first actress to appear on a postage stamp. She was also mentioned in Billy Joel's song "We Didn't Start the Fire" and in Mika's song "Grace Kelly" (2007).

The classic head-cover of a silk scarf crossed under the chin and knotted at the side or nape of the neck is universally known as the "Grace Kelly". This chic look is still copied by many female Hollywood stars when they wish to retain a degree of anonymity in the public eye.

Life as a royal
Grace Kelly retired from acting at age 26 to marry Rainier III of Monaco.

With Prince Rainier, she had three children:
 Princess Caroline of Monaco (born January 23, 1957)
 Albert II, Prince of Monaco (born March 14, 1958)
 Princess Stéphanie of Monaco (born February 1, 1965)
As Princess of Monaco, Grace Kelly was known for her charity work. In 1982, Kelly suffered a stroke which caused her to crash her car. She died in hospital the next day. Her son, Prince Albert, helped establish the Princess Grace Awards in 1984.

References

Other websites

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Philadelphia
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Road accident deaths
Deaths from stroke
1929 births
1982 deaths
Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi
Princes and princesses of Monaco

Grace Kelly


Mitchell College Historic District is a national historic district located at Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina.  It encompasses 336 contributing buildings  and 1 contributing site associated with Mitchell Community College and the surrounding residential area in Statesville.  The district includes notable examples of Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Classical Revival architecture dated between about 1885 and 1930. Located in the district is the oldest building and separately listed; the Main Building, Mitchell College (1854-1856). Other notable contributing resources are the Fourth Creek Burying Ground, George Anderson House (c. 1860), Friends Meeting House (c. 1875), Broad St. Methodist Church (1907), Congregation Emmanuel Synagogue (1891), McRorie House (c. 1880), Dr. Tom H. Anderson House (c. 1880), Dr. Julius Lowenstein House (c. 1890), Ludwig Ash House (c. 1910), L. N. Mills House (1925), Mills Apartment (c. 1930), R. A. Cooper House (1920), Statesville Woman's Club (1927), and the former Davis Hospital.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with a boundary increase in 2002.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Greek Revival architecture in North Carolina
Queen Anne architecture in North Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Geography of Iredell County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Iredell County, North Carolina

Mitchell College Historic District


Francisco Ricardo Oves-Fernandez (October 4, 1928 in Camagüey, Cuba – December 4, 1990 in El Paso, Texas, US) was the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Havana.

He studied in the Seminary of San Basilio Magno, El Cobre, Oriente, Cuba. He was later sent by the Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, Mons. Enrique Pérez-Serantes, to study at the Pontificia Universidad de Comillas in Spain.

He was ordained a priest on April 13, 1952, by Mons. Enrique Pérez-Serantes, archbishop of Santiago de Cuba, in the Cathedral of Camagüey. In the diocese of Camagüey he was assigned to the parish of Santa Cruz del Sur from 1952 to 1961 and director of TV programing. After the Cuban revolution of 1959, he was one of the first priests to realize the Marxist-Leninist orientation of the revolution. In April 1961, after the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, he was expelled from Camagüey along with other members of the clergy.  He took refuge in Havana along with Mons. Eduardo Boza-Masvidal, Auxiliary Bishop of Havana. In September 1961, he was exiled to Spain on the ship Covadonga along with Mons. Boza and more than another 150 priests.  He went to Rome with Mons. Boza and Father Agnelio Blanco and had an interview with Pope John XXIII.  While in Rome he received a Doctorate in Social Sciences from Pontificia Universidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino. In 1965, the head of mission of the Vatican in Cuba Mons. Cesare Zacchi, was able to get Father Oves returned to Cuba.  The Bishop of Camagüey, Mons. Adolfo Rodríguez-Herrera opposed his return to Cuba.  He was a professor at the San Carlos and San Ambrosio Seminary in Havana.

He was elevated as Titular Bishop of Montecorvino and named auxiliary bishop of Cienfuegos by Pope Paul VI on April 25, 1969. He was consecrated in the Cathedral of Cienfuegos on July 16, 1969, by Mons. Cesare Zacchi, Titular Bishop of Zella, and assisted by Mons. Alfredo Muller-San Martin, Bishop of Cienfuegos and Mons. Adolfo Rodríguez-Herrera, Bishop of Camagüey. He was promoted as Archbishop of Havana on January 26, 1970, succeeding Mons. Evelio Díaz-Cía. He later became sick from nerves and was taken to Rome in the beginning of 1980.  The Pope designated an apostolic administrator, sede plena, for the Archdiocese of Havana Mons. Pedro Meurice Estiu, on February 20, 1980. He resigned his position on March 28, 1981. He was succeeded by Mons. Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, the Bishop of the Diocese of Pinar del Río. In 1982, he went to live in El Paso, Texas, USA and was assigned to the parish of Santo Niño de Atocha.

He died on December 4, 1990, in El Paso, Texas, of a heart attack. His body was transferred to Miami, Florida and his body was displayed at the Shrine of Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Cobre on Sunday, December 8, 1990. The funeral took place at the Cathedral of Saint Mary the following day. The mass was celebrated by Mons. Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Archbishop of Havana, the successor of Mons. Oves, who traveled from Cuba to assist in the Mass, Mons. Agustin Roman, auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Miami, Mons. Enrique San Pedro, S.J., Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Galveston-Houston, Mons. Roberto Octavio González, O.F.M., Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston, and 44 other priests, mainly Cuban exiles. He was buried at Our Lady of Mercy Cemetery, in the area reserved for bishops and priests. A second funeral mass was celebrated in the Cathedral of Havana on December 13 presided by Archbishop Ortega.

References
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1928 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Croatia
Roman Catholic archbishops of Havana
Roman Catholic bishops of Cienfuegos
Roman Catholic bishops of Havana

Francisco Oves-Fernandez