Warren Mercer Oates (July 5, 1928 – April 3, 1982) was an American actor best known for his performances in several films directed by Sam Peckinpah, including The Wild Bunch (1969) and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974). Another of his most acclaimed performances was as officer Sam Wood in In the Heat of the Night  (1967). Oates starred in numerous films during the early 1970s that have since achieved cult status, such as The Hired Hand (1971), Two-Lane Blacktop (1971), and Race with the Devil (1975). Oates also portrayed John Dillinger in the biopic Dillinger (1973) and as the supporting character U.S. Army Sergeant Hulka in the military comedy Stripes (1981). Another notable appearance was in the classic New Zealand film Sleeping Dogs (1977), in which he played the commander of the American forces in the country.

Early life
Warren Oates was born and reared in Depoy, a tiny rural community in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, located just a few miles west of Greenville, the county seat.  According to the federal census of 1940, he was the younger of two sons born to Sarah Alice (née Mercer) and Bayless Earle Oates, who owned a general store.  His brother, Gordon, was five years his senior.  On his father's side, Warren was of English, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. He attended Louisville Male High School in Louisville, Kentucky, until 1945, but did not graduate from that institution.  He did, however, later earn a high-school equivalency diploma. After high school, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps for two years (1946-1948), serving in its air wing as an aircraft mechanic and reaching the rank of corporal. Oates became interested in theater while attending the University of Louisville, where in 1953, he starred in several plays produced by the school's Little Theater Company.  Four years later, in New York City, he got an opportunity to star in a live production of the television series Studio One.

Career
Oates moved to Los Angeles, where in the 1950s, he began to establish himself in guest roles in weekly television Westerns, including Wagon Train, Tombstone Territory, Buckskin, Rawhide, Trackdown, Tate, The Rebel, Wanted Dead or Alive, The Virginian, Have Gun – Will Travel, Lawman, The Big Valley, Bat Masterson, and Gunsmoke.

In the episode "Subterranean City" (October 14, 1958) of the syndicated Rescue 8, Oates played a gang member, Pete, who is the nephew of series character Skip Johnson (Lang Jeffries). In the story line, rescuers Johnson and Wes Cameron (Jim Davis) search for a lost girl in the sewer tunnels and encounter three criminals hiding out underground. Pete soon breaks with his gang companions and joins the firemen Wes and Skip in locating the missing child.

In 1961, Oates guest-starred in the episode "Artie Moon" in NBC's The Lawless Years crime drama about the 1920s. In 1962, he appeared as Ves Painter in the short-lived ABC series Stoney Burke, co-starring Jack Lord, a program about rodeo contestants.

Oates also played in a number of guest roles on The Twilight Zone (in "The Purple Testament" and "The 7th Is Made Up of Phantoms", in which he costarred with Randy Boone and Ron Foster), The Outer Limits ("The Mutant" [1964]), Combat! ("The Pillbox" [1964]) and Lost in Space ("Welcome Stranger" [1965]). During the 1960s and 1970s, he guest-starred on such shows as Twelve O'Clock High ("The Hotshot" [1965]), Lancer, and The Virginian. While making a guest appearance on a segment of the Western television series Dundee and the Culhane, Oates managed to steal the show with his off-camera antics and bloopers that had everyone on the set rolling. After a long day of filming, he headed over and set his footprints in concrete along with all the other stars who appeared at Apacheland Movie Ranch.

"There were 40 [Western] series, and I went from one to the other. I started out playing the third bad guy on a horse and worked my way up to the number-one bad guy," Oates once quipped. Oates did play the good guy once as Deke Bassop in the title role of the episode "The Bassops" on Gunsmoke in 1964.

Oates first met Peckinpah when he played a variety of guest roles in The Rifleman (1958–1963), a popular television series co-created and sometimes directed by Peckinpah. He also played a supporting role in Peckinpah's short-lived series The Westerner in 1960. The collaboration continued as he worked in Peckinpah's early films Ride the High Country (1962) and Major Dundee (1965) and resulted in two of his most famous film roles. In the 1969 Western classic The Wild Bunch, he portrayed Lyle Gorch, a long-time outlaw who chooses to die with his friends during the film's violent conclusion. According to his wife at the time, Teddy, Oates had the choice of starring in Support Your Local Sheriff!, to be filmed in Los Angeles, or The Wild Bunch in Mexico. "He had done Return of the Seven in Mexico; he got hepatitis, plus dysentery, but off he went again with Sam [Peckinpah]. He loved going on location. He loved the adventure of it. He had great admiration for Sam." In Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia, the dark 1974 action/tragedy also filmed in Mexico, Oates played the lead role of Bennie, a hard-drinking, down-on-his-luck musician and bartender hoping to make a final score. The character was reportedly based on Peckinpah. For authenticity, Oates wore the director's sunglasses while filming scenes of the production.

Although the Peckinpah film roles are his best-known, his most critically acclaimed role is GTO in Monte Hellman's 1971 cult classic Two-Lane Blacktop. The film, although a failure at the box office, is studied in film schools as a treasure of the 1970s, in large part due to Oates' performance. Film critic Leonard Maltin remarked that Oates' performance as GTO was as good as any he had seen and should have won the Oscar. Oates had a close relationship with Hellman, and worked with him on three other films: the western film The Shooting (1966), co-starring a young Jack Nicholson, Cockfighter (1974), and China 9, Liberty 37 (1978), in which Peckinpah, who was also a friend of Hellman's, featured in a rare acting role. Oates' wife Teddy said, "Sam Peckinpah and Monte Hellman were the two directors with whom Warren would work anytime, anywhere."

In addition to Peckinpah and Hellman, Oates worked with several major directors of his era, including Leslie Stevens in the 1960 film Private Property, his first starring role; Norman Jewison in In the Heat of the Night (1967); Joseph L. Mankiewicz in There Was a Crooked Man... (1970); John Milius in Dillinger (1973); Terrence Malick in Badlands (1973); Philip Kaufman in The White Dawn (1974); William Friedkin in The Brink's Job (1978); and Steven Spielberg in 1941 (1979).

He appeared in the Sherman Brothers' musical version of Tom Sawyer (1973), as Muff Potter, the town drunk. He also starred in The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960), Return of the Seven (1966), The Split (1968), The Thief Who Came to Dinner (1973), Drum (1976), and played the title role in a 1971 crime drama, Chandler. Oates costarred three times with friend Peter Fonda in The Hired Hand (1971), Race with the Devil (1975), and 92 in the Shade (1975).

Oates was cast in Roger Donaldson's 1977 New Zealand film Sleeping Dogs together with New Zealand actor Sam Neill. A political thriller with action film elements, Sleeping Dogs follows the lead character "Smith" (Neill) as New Zealand plunges into a police state, as a fascist government institutes martial law after industrial disputes flare into violence. Smith gets caught between the special police and a growing resistance movement, and reluctantly becomes involved. Oates plays the role of Willoughby, commander of the American forces stationed in New Zealand and working with the New Zealand fascist government to find and subdue "rebels" (the resistance movement).

A year before his death, Oates costarred with Bill Murray in the 1981 military comedy Stripes. In the role of the drill sergeant, Sgt. Hulka, Oates played the straight man to Murray's comedic character. The film was a huge financial success, earning $85 million at the box office. In 1982, he costarred opposite Jack Nicholson in director Tony Richardson's The Border.

In 1981, Oates also costarred as a fanatical Southern preacher-turned-Confederate officer in The Blue and the Gray, a CBS TV miniseries that aired in November 1982. His last two films were not released until 1983: Blue Thunder and Tough Enough, both filmed in late 1981. Both films are dedicated to him, along with Monte Hellman's 1988 film Iguana, which ends with the titles "For Warren".

Death
Oates was ill with influenza in the weeks before his death.  On April 3, 1982, at the age of 53, he died of a heart attack while taking an afternoon nap at his home in Los Angeles, after having experienced chest pains and shortness of breath earlier that day. An autopsy determined that he had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After his funeral, in accordance with Oates' wishes, his body was cremated and his ashes were scattered at his ranch in Montana.

Legacy
Oates has a dedicated cult following because of his performances in Peckinpah's studio films and television shows, Monte Hellman's independent works, his films with Peter Fonda, and in a number of B movies from the 1970s. During a screening of Hellman's Two-Lane Blacktop, Richard Linklater introduced the film, and gave 16 reasons why viewers should love it. The sixth was: "Because there was once a god who walked the Earth named Warren Oates."

The documentary film Warren Oates: Across the Border was produced by Tom Thurman in 1993 as a tribute to the actor's career.

Oates was the subject of a 2009 biography, Warren Oates: A Wild Life, written by Susan Compo.

Filmography

Films

Television films

Television

 1956 The United States Steel Hour ("Operation Three R's") as Private Lear
 1956 The Big Story ("Reunion") as Danny (Adult)
 1957 Kraft Television Theatre ("Gun at a Fair One") as Milkman
 1956–1958 Westinghouse Studio One as 2nd Card Player
 1958–1967 Gunsmoke as Al Tresh / Chris Kelly / Deke Bassop / Speeler / Lafe / Tate Crocker / Billy 'Sweet Billy' Cathcart / Jep Galloway / Jed Hakes / Seth Pickett
 1958–1961 Wanted Dead Or Alive as Jesse Cox / Billy Clegg / George Aswell / Clem Robinson. Note: wrongly credited as "Warren Oats" as Jesse Cox in "Die by the Gun," Season 1, Episode 14, first aired 12/6/1958.
 1958 Rescue 8 ("Subterranean City") as Pete
 1958 The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin ("The Epidemic") as Deke
 1958 Playhouse 90 ("Seven Against The Wall") as Ted Ryan
 1958 Black Saddle ("Client: Steele") as Deputy Simms
 1958–1960 Tombstone Territory as Joe Clinton / Bob Pickett / Vic Reel
 1958–1960 Have Gun – Will Travel as John Bosworth / Harrison
 1959 Buckskin ("Charlie, My Boy") as Charlie
 1959 The Rough Riders ("The Rifle") as Frank Day
 1959 Trackdown as 'Lute' Borden / Kelly Hooker / Deputy Norvil
 1959 Wagon Train ("The Martha Barham Story") as Private Silas Carpenter
 1959 The Rebel ("School Days") as Troy Armbruster
 1959–1961 Bat Masterson as Sonny Parsons / 'Cat' Crail
 1960 Hotel de Paree ("Hard Luck for Sundance") as Charlie Aiken
 1960 Bronco ("Every Man a Hero") as Private Hurd Maple
 1960–1965 Rawhide as Marco / Charlie 'Rabbit' Waters / Weed / Jesse Gufler
 1960 Johnny Ringo ("Single Debt"), as Burt Scanlon
 1960 Tate ("Before Sunup) as Cowpoke
 1960 Wrangler ("Affair at the Trading Post") as Shep Martin
 1960 Outlaws ("Thirty a Month") as Bill Hooton
 1960 The Westerner ("Jeff") as Drunk
 1960 Lawman ("The Second Son") as Al May
 1960 Hawaiian Eye ("The Contenders") as Al
 1960 Michael Shayne ("Murder 'Round My Wrist") as Frank Hobbes
 1960 The Case of the Dangerous Robin ("Baubles and Bullets") as Unknown
 1961–1962 Target: The Corruptors! ("Mr. Megalomania" and "Journey into Mourning") as Unknown
 1961 Bat Masterson ("Members of Mimbres") as 'Cat' Craig, JB Villain
 1961 Laramie ("Two for the Gallows") as Pete Dixson
 1961 Stagecoach West as Billy Joe / Trooper Haig / Tom Lochlin
 1961 The Lawless Years ("Artie Moon") as Charlie Brown
 1961 The Dick Powell Show ("Somebody's Waiting") as Bruno
 1958–1962 The Rifleman ("The Day of Reckoning", "The Marshall", "Bloodlines", "The Prodigal") as Willie Breen / Andrew Sheltin / Jed Malakie
 1960–1962 Thriller ("Knock Three-One-Two" & "The Hollow Watcher") as Unknown
 1960–1962 77 Sunset Strip as 'Dink' Strahman / Orville
 1962 Bonanza ("The Mountain Girl") as Unknown
 1962 The Untouchables ("Pressure") as Artie Krebs
 1962–1963 Stoney Burke as Ves Painter (Oates' only regular role on a television series)
 1963 The Twilight Zone "The Purple Testament" & "The 7th Is Made Up of Phantoms" as Unknown
 1963 The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters ("The Day of the First Suitor") as Eldon Bishop
 1963–1966 The Virginian as Corbie / Roy Judd / Bowers / Buxton
 1964 Combat! ("The Pillbox") as Soldier Stark
 1964 The Outer Limits ("The Mutant")  as Reese Fowler
 1964 The Fugitive ("Devil's Carnival" & "Rat in a Corner") as Hanes McClure / Herbie Grant
 1964 The Reporter ("No Comment") as Mickroe
 1965 Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre ("The War" & "Eric Kurtz") as Joe Grover
 1965 Branded ("Judge Not") as Pierce / Frank
 1965 A Man Called Shenandoah ("The Fort") as Sergeant Ryder
 1965 Slattery's People as Eugene Henson / Stu Burns
 1965 Twelve O'Clock High as Lieutenant Colonel Troper
 1965 Lost in Space ("Welcome Stranger") as Jimmy Hapgood
 1965–1966 The Big Valley as Korby Kyles / Duke
 1966 The Monroes as Nick Beresford
 1966 Shane as Kemp Spicer
 1967 Dundee and the Culhane as Lafe Doolin
 1967 The Iron Horse as Hode Avery
 1967 Cimarron Strip as Mobeetie
 1968 Run for Your Life as Deputy Potter
 1968 Disneyland as John Blythe
 1969–1970 Lancer as Sheriff Val Crawford / Drago
 1971 The F.B.I. as Richie Billings
 1971 The Name of the Game as John Lew Weatherford
 1978 Black Beauty as Jerry Barker
 1973 Police Story as Richey Neptune
 1979 Insight as Unknown
 1981 East of Eden as Cyrus Trask
 1982 The Blue and the Gray as Major 'Preacher' Welles (released posthumously)
 1985 Tales of the Unexpected as Harry (filmed in 1981; released posthumously; final role)

References

External links

Warren Oates at the TCM Movie Database

 Time magazine interview

1928 births
1982 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of English descent
American people of Scottish descent
American people of Welsh descent
Ranchers from Montana
Male actors from Kentucky
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Male Western (genre) film actors
People from Muhlenberg County, Kentucky
United States Marines
University of Louisville alumni
Louisville Male High School alumni
Western (genre) television actors

Warren Oates


The Marucelliana Library or Biblioteca Marucelliana, is a public library, founded by the mid-18th century, and located on Via Camillo Cavour # 43, in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy.

History
The library  was opened to the public on September 18, 1752. It was willed by Abbot Francesco Marucelli, (died in Rome, 1703), as a library of general knowledge open to a wide audience, as indicated by the inscription on the facade: "Marucellorum Bibliotheca publicae maxime pauperum utilitati". The core of the collection derives from the library of Abbot Francesco.

Funded by the income of various abbeys, Francesco lived in Rome, where he was sometimes consulted as an expert in the Canon Law. His only publication, was a bibliographic compendium in fifteen volumes, Mare Magnum, of the contents of his library and or those of his acquaintance.

The building was commissioned by the grandson of the founder, Alessandro Marucelli (died 1751). Also a bibliophile himself, Alessandro expanded the entries in Mare Magnum to 24 volumes, and fulfilled his grandfather's will by selecting the site for the library on Via Condotti. He also donated his own books and appointed Angelo Maria Bandini as first librarian, a post he held for the fifty years. Alessandro died before the construction was complete. The original collection numbered about 6000 manuscripts, in all disciplines.

Bandini established the first alphabetic catalogues of the works, by author and by title. Mare Magnum was expanded to 111 volumes. Bandini concurrently served as the librarian for the Biblioteca Laurenziana in Florence. In 1776, the suppression of the Jesuits, brought their large collections into the library, consisting of more than one hundred and fifty works, including a dozen manuscripts.  In 1783, Bandini brought into the collection the drawings and prints of Francesco di Ruberto, and also those of the Marucelli family. He purchased the manuscript collection of Anton Francesco Gori, and obtained the library of the naturalist Antonio Cocchi and a portion of the library of the antiquarian Filippo Stosch.

The second librarian, Francesco Del Furia (1777-1856), held the post for the next fifty years. In the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the next century by collections from the Martelli and Bonamici families and the correspondence of Nencioni, as well as many other documents and manuscripts. The 19th century suppressions of convents also enlarged their collections, including most of their sixteenth-century incunabula.

The late nineteenth-century English novelist George Gissing used the library on a number of occasions in early January 1889.

In 1910, a law demanded that nearly all printed public works from Florence and nearby provinces also be deposited in the Marucelliana.

Art and architecture
The edifice was built to house the library. A public contest to create the design had two main submissions, one by the Roman architect Alessandro Dori, and by the Florentine architect Giovanni Filippo Ciocchi. Dori had chosen Via Cavour as a main entrance, while Ciocchi chose a side street. A committee, which had access to the compelling wooden model, ultimately chose the less costly Dori model.

Construction (1747–1751) was directed by Dori; and by the late eighteenth century, space appeared tight. Currently, the complex has expanded beyond the original premises, into the adjacent Palaces Della Stufa and Pegna, and the ground floor of the Palazzo Fenzi Dardinelli.

The wooden model of the Library is on display, 104 cm high, 55 wide and 135 long. The model is detailed complete with the interior plans, including the Reading Room, as well as that of the access staircase.

The main reading room has a bust of Francesco Marucelli (1749) by Pietro Bracci and a plaster portrait of Giacomo Leopardi (1885) by Adriano Cecioni. A portrait of Francesco Marucelli has been attributed to Davide Canoniche.

At the base of the grand staircase there is a marble statue of Minerva, donated to the library by Giovanni Filippo Marucelli, bailiff of Malta.

Collections
The library presently contains over a million volumes, including 490 incunabula and 7,995 cinquecentine, 2,927 manuscripts, and 69,345 personal letters and papers of interest. It contains nearly 53,000 etchings, and 3,200 drawings from the 16th-19th centuries, and 9,000 librettos of melodrammas, and numerous series of journals and newspapers. Among its treasures are the papers of the anatomist Francesco Redi, the naturalist Giacinto Cestoni, and some of the letters of Antonio Vallisneri. The collection includes the "Luigi Beuf" Italian Cryptogamic Herbarium, with nearly 3000 independent samples of dried cryptogams.

References

Infrastructure completed in 1751
Libraries in Florence
Neoclassical architecture in Florence
1751 establishments in Europe
Libraries established in 1752

Biblioteca Marucelliana


Hellboy: The Crooked Man and Others is the tenth collected edition of Mike Mignola's comic book series Hellboy, collecting Hellboy: The Crooked Man #1–3, Hellboy: In the Chapel of Moloch, Hellboy: They That Go Down to the Sea in Ships and the story "The Mole" from "Free Comic Book Day 2008: Hellboy."  The collected edition features an introduction by Gahan Wilson. As with Hellboy stories generally, it was published by Dark Horse Comics.

The Crooked Man
The Crooked Man, scripted by Mignola with art by Richard Corben, was first published from July 2008 through September 2008 as issues 1–3 of an eponymous  limited series.  The issues were numbered 33 through 35 of the overarching Hellboy series.

Wandering in the Appalachian Mountains in 1958 (after "finishing up some stuff down South"), Hellboy encounters Tom Ferrell, a native of the region returning for the first time in decades to atone for his youthful initiation as a witch. Ferrell has never practiced magic but carries a "witch-bone" which has gotten him safely through his travels and his service in World War II. They befriend Cora Fisher, a witch driven to magic by personal tragedy, and encounter Effie Kolb, the youthful-appearing witch who first initiated Tom, who brought Tom his dying father whom she turned into a horse that she rode to death. Tom resolves to take his father's corpse to a church up in "The Hurricane," a part of the mountain dominated by "The Crooked Man," an eighteenth-century miser and war profiteer named Jeremiah Witkins who was hanged for his crimes yet returned from Hell as the region's resident Devil. Tom invites Hellboy to accompany him and Cora, helping to save the girl's soul while knowing he can never escape the Crooked Man.

Tom and Hellboy discuss the latter's burden as being many times worse than Tom's but which he hasn't started to feel yet. They try to take Cora through a region of coal mines, but it was infested with deformed cannibal witches descended from the Roanoke colony since the mines' collapse in 1902. Cora can hear the witches calling her, Tom assuring her that they are safe during the day despite the Hurricane being "on the devil's time" and night falls immediately. Cora explodes into a shower of small demonic animals from whom Tom and Hellboy are only saved by Tom's first use of his witch-bone. They arrive at the church to find Cora's ghost waiting for them, and the church's pastor, blind Reverend Watts, who tries to persuade Tom that his soul can still be saved. Effie and the region's witches surround the church grounds which they cannot enter, calling to Ferrell to join them as the Crooked Man arrives and demand Tom to pay his debt.

The Crooked Man attempted to tempt Watt's assistance with gold, youth and sight and then appeal to Hellboy's demonic nature, revealing he is after the bone in Tom's possession. After Watts infuses the holy spirit into the bone, he and Tom burn a cross onto a shovel's spade for Hellboy to use to dispatch the Crooked Man with the witches fleeing. The morning after Tom's father is given a properly burial, Tom and Hellboy go up to Witkins' mansion to finish him off. Witkins – appearing in his true form as a monstrous, demonic crab creature – sits clutching the souls of his victims which appear as gold coins in jars. Tom tosses him his witchbone which sends him back to Hell, later finding Effie reduced to a feeble old woman from losing her power. Tom ignores her pleas for mercy and puts the magic bridle on her, turning her into a nag with "BEWARE! I AM A WITCH!" painted on her side.

"They That Go Down to the Sea in Ships"
"They That Go Down to the Sea in Ships", written by Mignola and Josh Dysart with art by Jason Shawn Alexander, was published by Dark Horse in 2007 for limited free distribution to promote Konami's Hellboy: The Science of Evil video game.  The story pits Hellboy and Abe Sapien against the ghost of the pirate Blackbeard.  The title is from Psalm 107: "They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters/These see the works of the LORD, and his wonders in the deep."

Newburyport, Massachusetts, 1986 – Marc Arrow, a waterfront fortune teller, finds a truncated skull in an antique shop when the cabinet containing it spontaneously topples over – touching it brings him his first legitimate psychic vision and so he kills the proprietor with a handy sextant and steals it. A month later the BPRD are staking out North Carolina's Ocracoke Island, the antique dealer's ghost (communicating via medium) having tipped them off to the theft of what they realize is the skull of the legendary pirate. A walkie-talkie carrying Abe Sapien encounters a robed figure sitting on the beach which legend has haunted by Blackbeard's headless body, while in a motorboat approaching the beach a local historian fills Hellboy in on the known history of Blackbeard's death and of his skull, passed down from owner to owner as a macabre drinking goblet. Marc has partnered with criminal Whitey Pacelli to bring him to the island – the ghost appears, and when Marc insists on negotiating with it himself, Whitey shoots him.  His partner dead, Whitey attempts to hold the head for ransom but Blackbeard's body bisects him with a cutlass. Hellboy confronts the re-formed Blackbeard and is shot in the shoulder.  Meanwhile, Abe finds he is talking to the undead body of one of Blackbeard's victims, as more gather in the surf.  They swim off after Blackbeard and Abe follows.  Hellboy punches off Blackbeard's head and the body nearly kills the historian when he reaches for it.  Hellboy and Blackbeard fight in the water and Blackbeard invites Hellboy to join him as a pirate, to which Hellboy replies with a deadpan "Let me think about it."  Blackbeard's dead victims rise around Blackbeard and drag him into the water – Abe, who has swum to the location, sees Blackbeard's body pulled into the depths, its head dragged behind it in one hand and screaming a stream of bubbles. Abe greets Hellboy who comments "Everybody loves a pirate," and they head back to the mainland.

 In the Chapel of Moloch In The Chapel of Moloch, story and art by Mignola, was first published in October 2008 as a one-shot issue of Hellboy (numbered Hellboy issue #36 on the inside front cover).

Tavira, Portugal, 1992. Hellboy and a New York art promoter visit the home which the latter has rented for his friend and protégé Jerry, an American painter meant to be preparing work for an important gallery show.  Jerry has been working in the old chapel attached to the premises, but has stopped painting and turned to sculpting a gigantic bull-headed humanoid in clay which (based on his now-incoherent mumblings) depicts the deity Moloch. At night when the sculpts, the non-lockable chapel doors will nevertheless not open. Jerry is asleep in the house as they investigate the chapel, full of Jerry's paintings, and Hellboy notes that Jerry is "ripping off Goya," prompting the promoter's retort that Jerry, in reappropriating Goya for relevant modern work, is "saving Goya's ass!" which Hellboy seems to find unconvincing.

Hellboy investigates the sculpture whose clay bleeds when poked with a trowel.  Elsewhere in the chapel he finds a mark of the Knights of St. Hagan (a fictional analogue to the Knights Templar) of the sort left by their investigators at sites where they've stamped out serious occult practice.  The two wait inside the chapel for Jerry to arrive. When he does, a minuscule hunched corpse climbs up onto his shoulders from out of a hole in the floor.  As it whispers to Jerry (who begins to decorate the sculpture's base with a motif of corpses in fire), Hellboy produces a relic from his pockets, "a silver button from the coat Bishop Zrinyi was wearing when he fought the Carpathian goat" and tosses it into the corpse's eye, lighting up the inside of its skull and making it run about in agony.

As the corpse topples senseless back into its hole, the Moloch statue comes to life and Hellboy readies to destroy it while a re-awakened Jerry shouts "No! Don't do it!  The paintings aren't working!  I'm just ripping off Goya!"  When Hellboy shatters the sculpture a giant beating heart is revealed whose aortas and ventricles start to extend into tentacles as (over Jerry's protesting screams) Hellboy shoots it.  Jerry laments that he'll never paint again, to Hellboy's immediate and expressed approval. "Also stay away from sculpture."  He tells Jerry's friend to have their landlord do something about the hole in the floor.

 "The Mole"
"The Mole", written by Mignola with art by Duncan Fegredo, was first published as a story in the 2008 Free Comic Book Day free Hellboy comic. It takes place shortly before Hellboy: Darkness Calls.

England, the home of Darkness Calls' Harry Middleton. A drunken Hellboy is playing cards with Middleton and two other ghosts, who notice a mole on his hand. He wakes up alone at the table to find that the mole has gotten bigger. It rapidly swells to his own size and bursts to reveal another demon, who emerges from the boil leaving nothing of Hellboy but his empty skin and his apocalyptically powerful stone right hand. Hellboy's skin tears away from the hand and blows out the window, finally coming to rest on a weathervane across town. Left alone in the room, the demon takes the stone hand and begins to use it to end the world.  At that moment Hellboy awakens, for real this time, back at the table. He empties his shotglass, and, reassuring himself that it was "just a dream", refills it.

 Addenda
The collected edition featured a section of Dysart's, Mignola's and Corben's preparatory sketches for the collected stories, and an essay by John Pelan entitled "Manly Wade Wellman: American Mythmaker," introducing readers to the pulp writer to whom The Crooked Man was written in tribute.

Film adaptation

In February 2023, Millennium Media announced plans for a new live-action reboot titled Hellboy: The Crooked Man'', the first in a potential series of films. Production was scheduled to begin in March 2023 in Bulgaria with Brian Taylor directing from a script by Mignola and Christopher Golden, based on the 2008 comic of the same name. The film is to be co-produced between Nu Boyana and Campbell Grobman Film and is presented by Millennium Media in association with Dark Horse Entertainment. Taylor expressed his intentions to "reset" the film series and depict a younger and wandering version of Hellboy with a folk horror influence similar to the comics; Taylor also confirmed that the film would be R-rated in order to embrace the "dark and scary and violent and adult" elements of the comics. The following month, Jack Kesy was announced to portray Hellboy, and Jefferson White and Adeline Rudolph were cast as Tom Ferrell and Bobbie Jo Song.

References

2008 in comics
Fiction set in 1958
Fiction set in 1986
Fiction set in 1992
Hellboy titles
Fantasy comics
Cultural depictions of Blackbeard
Appalachia in fiction
Comics set in Massachusetts
North Carolina in fiction
Portugal in fiction
Moloch in literature and popular culture
Comics set in England

Hellboy: The Crooked Man and Others


Richard Waring (born Brian Barton-Chapple, 26 June 1925 – 5 December 1994) was a British television scriptwriter.

Waring was the author of numerous domestic sitcoms from the early 1960s, he worked for both the BBC and ITV. His first success was Marriage Lines (1961–66) with Richard Briers and Prunella Scales. In Not in Front of the Children (1967–70), Wendy Craig's dizzy housewife made her first appearance. Waring created ...And Mother Makes Three (1971–73), and its sequel ...And Mother Makes Five (1974–76), also featuring Craig in a similar role, but he did not write all of the episodes. Other series written by Waring include My Wife Next Door (created by Brian Clemens, 1972), Miss Jones and Son (1977–78) and Rings on Their Fingers (1978–80).

In 1957, Waring married Hermione Harvey, with whom he had two sons. He later married Virginia Brooke-White. His brother was the actor Derek Waring.

References

External links

1925 births
1994 deaths
British radio writers
British television writers
20th-century British screenwriters

Richard Waring (writer)


Daniel McCauley (1839–1894) was an American politician and Union Army office during the American Civil War.

Born in New York in September 1839, Daniel Macauley (sometimes misspelled as McCauley) immigrated to Indianapolis, Indiana sometime prior to 1861. Macauley enlisted in the 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment on 22 April 1861 as a 2nd Lieutenant in Company E. He was quickly advanced to the position of regimental Adjutant and part of the staff of Colonel Lew Wallace. After service in Virginia, the 11th Indiana returned home to Indiana and mustered out in August 1861.

Macauley was proffered a commission as the Adjutant of the reorganized 11th Indiana, which he accepted on 31 August 1861. He was quickly promoted as the regimental major on 21 April 1862 in the aftermath of Shiloh. During the summer of 1862, the regiment participated in operations in Arkansas and Mississippi, during which time Macauley was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 4 September 1862. Lieutenant Colonel Macauley took command of the 11th Indiana on 29 November 1862, and was subsequently promoted to colonel on 10 March 1863.

Soon thereafter, Macauley led the 11th during Union operations to take Vicksburg. In the first battle of the campaign, Macauley led his men in capturing a Rebel battery at Port Gibson. On 19 May 1863, the regiment was heavily engaged at Champion Hill, with Colonel Macauley among the 167 casualties suffered during the battle.

After recovering from his injuries, Colonel Macauley rejoined his regiment in conducting operations through Louisiana, which lasted until January 1864. After a veteran's furlough, the 11th Indiana returned to New Orleans until July 1864, after which it was redeployed to Virginia. During the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the Shenandoah Valley, the regiment fought several skirmishes and in all the major battles of the campaign.

While commanding the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division of the XIX Army Corps, Colonel Macauley fell grievously wounded during the battle of Cedar Creek in October 1864. The severity of his wounds precluded field service, so Macauley was detailed as the Colonel of the 9th Regiment of the Veteran's Reserve Corps, then garrisoning Baltimore. On 11 July 1865, Macauley was awarded a brevet for Brigadier General backdated to 19 October 1864, the date of his wounding at Cedar Creek.

Soon thereafter on 26 July 1865, Brigadier General Macauley was mustered out and returned home to Indianapolis.

He entered politics and was elected the 10th mayor of Indianapolis in 1867, where he served until 1873.

General Macauley died in 1894 and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

References

Mayors of Indianapolis
Indiana Republicans
People of Indiana in the American Civil War
Union Army colonels
1839 births
1894 deaths
19th-century American politicians

Daniel McCauley


The Bandwagon is a live album by pianist/composer Jason Moran recorded at the Village Vanguard in 2002 and released on the Blue Note label.

The album is notable for the variety of source material for its songs. In addition to covers of classical, jazz, and popular music, The Bandwagon includes original music built on several voice recordings, including a Turkish telephone conversation ("Straight Outta Istanbul") and Chinese stock reports ("Infospace").

Reception

The AllMusic review by Steve Loewy stated "You cannot help but look forward to each new release from Jason Moran, whose fertile imagination toys with established ways just enough to raise some eyebrows. He is more than an eyebrow-raiser, of course, and his prodigious technique coupled with a tendency to gently push the borders leads to sometimes riveting and almost always interesting results. These tracks are taken from a six-day live gig at New York's Village Vanguard ... Though still young when this was recorded, Moran enters and confronts a world that few have dared to challenge, yet he emerges as a stylist and technician with loads to say. Rather than resting on the laurels of the past, Moran stakes a future that incorporates a new jazz mainstream that is not afraid to challenge and define its own way: thankful, yet not beholden to the past, with one ear hooked to the future".

All About Jazz reviewer Mark F. Turner said, "Jason Moran's Bandwagon forges a path of individuality that is in stark contrast to typical jazz piano trios. The artist is well known for his prodigious talent and his much-earned respect for being both unconventional and progressive in his approach. The new release is not an exception. While the true essence of recorded live performances can be difficult to capture, Moran's concert at the Village Vanguard gives an aural picture of one of today's most dynamic musicians. The new live recording may seem somewhat unusual, but the essence of the talent and wonder of the Jason Moran are intact".

The PopMatters review by Scott Hreha observed "The Bandwagon isn't Moran's attempt to jump aboard the tried-and-true, but rather a document of his working trio's stay at New York's Village Vanguard during Thanksgiving week of 2002 ... The Bandwagon is still without question one of the year's best jazz records -- a thrilling ride for anyone adventurous enough to jump on".

Track listing
All compositions by Jason Moran except where noted
 Intro (ABR.) – 0:12
 "Another One" (Tarus Mateen) – 8:13
 "Intermezzo, Op. 118, No. 2" (Johannes Brahms) – 6:39
 "Ringing My Phone (Straight Outta Istanbul)" – 8:15
 "Out Front" (Jaki Byard) – 7:57
 "Gentle Shifts South (My Folks' Folks)" – 4:41
 "Gangsterism on Stages" – 5:10
 "Body & Soul" (Johnny Green, Frank Eyton, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) – 4:14
 "Infospace" – 3:41
 "Planet Rock" (Arthur Baker, John Robie, Afrika Bambaataa, Soulsonic Force) – 9:27

Personnel
 Jason Moran – piano
 Tarus Mateen – bass, double bass
 Nasheet Waits – drums

References

2003 live albums
Jason Moran (musician) live albums
Blue Note Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Village Vanguard

The Bandwagon (album)


Violeta Urmanavičiūtė-Urmana (born 19 August 1961) is a Lithuanian opera singer who has sung leading mezzo-soprano and soprano roles in the opera houses of Europe and North America.

Life and career
Urmana was born in Kazlų Rūda, a small town in Lithuania's Marijampolė County. She studied piano and singing at the Lithuania Academy of Music and Theater in Vilnius and continued her vocal studies in Munich at Hochschule für Musik und Theater München with Josef Loibl. Between 1991 and 1993, she was a member the Bavarian State Opera's Opera Studio program for young singers where she studied under Astrid Varnay and would begin her stage career at the opera house.

Urmana originally sang mezzo-soprano roles but from 2001 began singing dramatic soprano roles. She sang Madeleine di Coigny in Andrea Chénier at the Vienna State Opera in 2003, Isolde in Tristan und Isolde in Rome in 2004 and Leonora in La forza del destino in London that same year.

She is married to the Italian opera singer, Alfredo Nigro. The couple met when she was singing the title role in Gluck's Iphigénie en Aulide at La Scala in 2002.

Roles
Roles sung by Urmana in the course of her career include:
 Medea in Medea
 Waldtaube/Tove in Gurre-Lieder
 Aida/Amneris in Aida
 Azucena in Il trovatore
 Amelia in Ein Maskenball
 Ariadne in Ariadne auf Naxos
 Brünnhilde in Siegfried
 Elisabetta/Eboli in Don Carlos
 Isolde/Brangäne in Tristan und Isolde
 Judith in Herzog Blaubarts Burg
 Ortrud in Lohengrin
 Kundry in Parsifal
 Lady Macbeth in Macbeth
 Norma/Adalgisa in Norma
 Sieglinde, Fricka, Brünnhilde in Die Walküre
 Tosca in Tosca
 Wally in La Wally
 La Gioconda in La Gioconda
 Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana
 Venus in Tannhäuser
 Waltraute, Brünnhilde in Götterdämmerung
 Soprano/mezzo-soprano in Requiem by Verdi

Awards (selection)
 2001 Woman of the Year (Lithuania)
 2001 Female Singer of the Year (Lithuania)
 2001 National Prize of the Republic of Lithuania for the Arts (Lithuania)
 2002 Franco Abbiati Prize Premio Franco Abbiati della Critica Musicale Italiana, Italy
 2002 L'Opera Award Italy
 2002 Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award (Great Britain)
 2007 Honorary citizenship of Violeta Urmana's home town Marijampole (Lithuania)
 2007 LT-Tapatybe Award in the arts category for the reputation of Lithuania abroad (Lithuania)
 2007 World Intellectual Property Organization Creativity Award
 2009 Austrian title of Kammersängerin
 2011 Highest Honour bestowed by the Lithuanian Ministry of Culture
 2011 "Shine Your Light and Hope Award" by Carson J. Spencer Foundation (Denver, USA)
 2012 Granting of the title of honorary doctor at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
 2014 Commendatore dell'Ordine della Stella d'Italia
 2016 Designated as a UNESCO Artist for Peace

Discography (selection)
 Das Lied von der Erde, Rückert-Lieder (Gustav Mahler): Deutsche Grammophon
 Best of Wiener Philharmoniker Vol. VII: Deutsche Grammophon
 Andrea Chénier: Decca
 Messa da Requiem Soprano: Naxos
 Messa da Requiem Mezzo-soprano : EMI
 Violeta Urmana singt Lieder von List, Strauss, Berg: FARAO
 La Gioconda: EMI
 Oberto: Philips
 Tristan und Isolde: EMI
 Puccini ritrovato (famous arias und ensembles by Puccini): Deutsche Grammophon

DVDs (selection)
 Aida – Metropolitan Opera, New York: Decca
 Macbeth: Bel Air Classiques
 La canzone dei ricordi (Giuseppe Martucci) medici arts
 Aida – Teatro alla Scala, Milan (Italy) Decca
 La forza del destino – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino Arthaus – Rai Trade
 Cavalleria rusticana Opus Arte
 Un ballo in maschera – Teatro Real Opus Arte
 Don Carlos Opus Arte
 Le rossignol EMI
 Parsifal'' Arthaus

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
People from Marijampolė County
Lithuanian operatic sopranos
Österreichischer Kammersänger
20th-century women opera singers
21st-century women opera singers
20th-century Lithuanian women singers
21st-century Lithuanian women singers
Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
University of Music and Performing Arts Munich alumni

Violeta Urmana


Clemens Maria Franz (Friedrich) Freiherr (Baron) von Bönninghausen (Herinckhave near Fleringen, 12 March 1785 – Münster, 26 January 1864) was a lawyer, Dutch and Prussian civil servant, agriculturalist, botanist, physician and pioneer in the field of homeopathy.

He was decorated as Knight in the Légion d'honneur.

Life
Von Bönninghausen was born on the estate Herinckhave near Fleringen in the province of Overijssel in the Netherlands as descendant of an old titled family. His father was Lodewijk Ernst von Bönninghausen, representative of the people from Overijssel, officer and chamberlain of the Prince-Bishop from Köln. His mother was Theresia von Weichs zur Wenne. He attended the Gymnasium Paulinum in Münster, studied law at the University of Groningen and graduated on Roman and old-Dutch law in 1806.

Von Bönninghausen held various positions, including auditor and privy council of the King, general secretary of the taxes, Royal Librarian, treasurer of the pensions and head of the Topographical Institutes. All in service of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Holland, till his abdication in 1810. Von Bönninghausen was shocked by the forced departure of his extremely kind and benevolent master and he refused all further employment. He returned to his native ground and accepted the position of president at the court in Almelo. At that time he married first with Franziska Sofia von Schade zu Ahausen and after her death with Amalia von Hamm.

Further career

When his father died in 1812 von Bönninghausen moved to his family estate in Darup, just across the border in Kreis Coesfeld, Prussia. He graduated as architect and devoted himself to the study of medicine, agriculture and botany. He published numerous articles about his experiences and discoveries, which resulted in international fame. In 1816, at the reorganization of the provinces Rhineland and Westphalia, he was appointed as president of the Court of Justice and General Commissaries of the land register of North Rhine-Westphalia. The many travels with this position gave him an excellent opportunity to study the flora and he published a book about it, named: Prodromus florae Monasteriensis Westphalorum, Phanerogamia.

The very same year King Frederick William III of Prussia appointed him as first commissary at the Council of Kreis Coesfeld. Von Bönninghausen was founder and head of the medical society in North Rhine-Westphalia. He was appointed head of the Botanical Gardens in Münster from 1826 till 1845 and taught at what would later become the University of Münster. He also led the constitutional commission of experts in the investigation of the nun Anne Catherine Emmerick. They concluded that her wounds were mechanically inflicted and not supernatural. However, her beatification in 2004 by Paus Johannes Paulus II was based on a supernatural origin.

Sickness and recovery
In 1827, Bönninghausen contracted tuberculosis, followed by an intractable lung disease. Certain that he was about to die, he began writing farewell letters to his friends.  One of them, friend and fellow botanist Carl Ernst August Weihe, urged him to use the herb Pulsatilla, believed to be the cure of his ailment. Von Bönninghausen was cured, and thus became a convert to the new therapy. In less than two years he wrote seven extensive works.

He became a close associate and confidant of his teacher Samuel Hahnemann, founder of the homeopathy, who admired Bönninghausen's ability to systematize the expanding homeopathic knowledge of materia medica. Hahnemann was so enthusiastic that he called him his Lieblingsschüler (Favourite student). He said: "Am I to become sick myself, then I would trust no other physician in the world, except for him."

Scientific career

Bönninghausen's Therapeutic Pocketbook of 1846 was the first homeopathic repertory to grade individual remedies by their strength of relationship with each symptom, and each other. This so-called von Bönninghausen (or von Boenninghausen)-method has remained in use until the present day. He proposed that disparate symptoms associated with a remedy could be grouped as a single overarching tendency, hence the importance of generalities and modalities in his system of case analysis. His method was sometimes misunderstood by later homeopaths such as C. Hering and J.T. Kent. Latter did this on purpose, just to promote his own repertory. However, recent translations and revisions point to a revival of interest in Bönninghausen's approach. An early advocate of high potencies, he conducted a successful prospective trial of 200C in domestic animals and livestock, reasoning that veterinary homeopathy was harder to dismiss as a placebo effect.

Because of his own miraculous healing and thanks to his public fame the people massively sought well-being at the doctor. Practising homeopathy successfully on a small scale without a medical degree, fascinated and ultimately led to von Bönninghausen receiving a medical licence by personal royal degree from Frederick William IV, King of Prussia in 1843. This made him a doctor and ensured that he could effectively treat patients.

Among his growing international clientele, he saw some notable patients. One of the first was the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. She was cured of tuberculosis. Also among them was the French Empress Eugénie de Montijo, wife of Napoleon III. In 1854 von Bönninghausen received an honorary degree from the Medical College in Cleveland (North America). And in 1861 the French Emperor Napoleon III decorated him as Knight in the Légion d'honneur.

The standard author abbreviation Boenn. is used to indicate von Bönninghausen as the author when citing a botanical name. A list of plants discovered by him can be found in the IPNI.

Descendants
The two oldest of his seven sons became a homeopath as well. Karl von Bönninghausen, the eldest, went to Paris where he had access to the private library and manuscripts of Hahnemann and married Sophie, the adopted daughter of Melanie Hahnemann (Hahnemann's widow).

Post mortem
His grave on the old Hörster graveyard in Münster was destroyed in a bombardment during the Second World War. Nowadays the scholar is being remembered at this very place with a sandstone monument displaying a picture of the baron. Also, several streets and plants are named after him, like the Boenninghausenia altiflora, Boeninghausia vincentina and a genus of the Rutaceae, Boenninghausenia.

In 1990 the Clemens von Bönninghausen Academy was founded, and in 2009 the Von Bönninghausen Institute. A memorial to von Bönninghausen was installed in 2005 at the University of Münster, on the celebration of the 250th birthday of Samuel Hahnemann's birth.

Publications
A small selection of his works:
 Prodromus florae Monasteriensis Westphalorum, Phanerogamia., Monasterii, F. Regensberg, 1824.
 The Cure of Cholera and its Preventatives, Münster, 1831.
 Systematisch-alphabetisches Repertorium der homöopathischen Arzneien, Vol. 1&2 . Münster, Coppenrath, 1833-1835 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Eigenthümlichkeien aller bisher vollständiger geprüften homöopathischen Arzneien [Contributions to a Knowledge of the Peculiarities of Homoeopathic Remedies], Münster, 1833 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 Repertory of the Medicines which are not Anti Psoric, Münster 1835
 Therapeutisches Taschenbuch, für homöopathische Ärzte, zum Gebrauche am Krankenbette und beim Studium der reinen Arzneimittellehre [Therapeutic Pocketbook, For Homeopathic Physicians, for the Use at the Sickbed and For the Study of the Pure Materia Medica], Münster, 1846.
 Der homöopathische Hausarzt [The Hom. Domestic Physician in Brief Therapeutic Diagnoses], Münster, 1853.
 Die Körperseiten und Verwandtschaften [The Two Sides of the Human Body and Relationships. Homoeopathic Studies], Münster 1853.
 Die homöopathische Behandlung des Keuchhustens [The Homœopathic Treatment of Whooping Cough in its Various Forms], Münster 1860.
 Die Aphorismen des Hippokrates  [The Aphorisms of Hippocrates, with Notes by a Homoeopath], Leipzig, 1863
 Versuch einer Homöopathischen Therapie der Wechsel- und anderer Fieber. 1. Theil. Die Pyrexie. 2. Aufl [Attempt at a homoeopathic Therapy of Intermittent and Other Fevers, Second augmented and l revised edition. Part 1. The Pyrexy.], – Leipzig 1864
 Archiv für die homöopatische Heilkunst [Archive for the Homeopathy], Münster
 Über die Twentische Roggenwirtschaft [About the rye economy of Twente]

Notes

References
 Friedrich Kottwitz, Bönninghausens Leben:  Hahnemanns Lieblingsschüler [Bönninghausen's Life: Hahnemann's Favourite Student], Berg am Starnberger See, 1985
 Martin Stahl, Der Briefwechsel zwischen Samuel Hahnemann und Clemens von Bönninghausen [The writings between Samuel Hahnemann and Clemens von Bönninghausen], Heidelberg, 1997
 De Twentse roggebouw / door Freiherr Von Bönninghausen [The Twent rye economy by Freiherr Von Bönninghausen], revision 1988, Stichting Heemkunde Albergen,
 Marijke Gijswijt-Hofstra, Grenzen van genezing: gezondheid, ziekte en genezen in Nederland, zestiende tot begin twintigste eeuw [Boundaries of Healthcare: health, sickness and curing in the Netherlands, 16th till the beginning of the 20th century], Hilversum, 1993
 Bönninghausens Kleine medizinische Schriften [Lesser Medical Writings] (ed. Klaus H. Gypser), Heidelberg, 1984
 Julian Winston, The Heritage of Homeopathic Literature, Tawa, NZ, 2001
 Ernst Friedländer, Bönninghausen, Clemens Maria Franz von, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Band 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig, 1876, Pag. 131–132.
 Rolf Wiermann, Der Botanische Garten der Universität Münster [Münster University Botanic Garden], Münster, 2003
 Willy Schmitz, Die preußischen Landräte des Kreises Coesfeld 1816–1945 [The prussian government of Kreis Coesfeld 1816–1945], Coesfeld, 1974
 Tubantia, Twentenaar aan de wieg van de homeopathie [Twent at the cradle (very heart) of the Homeopathy], 28 January 2004

External links
 Clemens Maria Franz Von Boenninghausen (English, French and German)
 Clemens Maria Franz, Baron von Boenninghausen 1785 – 1864
 Biography Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen (Extensive)
 The life of Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen (German – short)
 Online Biography of Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen (German)

1785 births
1864 deaths
People from Tubbergen
19th-century Dutch physicians
19th-century Dutch botanists
Dutch homeopaths
University of Groningen alumni
Immigrants to Prussia

Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen


Pseudorontium is a genus of flowering plants with one species, Pseudorontium cyathiferum (syn. Antirrhinum cyathiferum), a New World snapdragon known by the common names dog's-mouth and Deep Canyon snapdragon. It is native to the deserts of northern Mexico and adjacent California and Arizona. It is an annual herb producing a hairy, erect, non-climbing stem with many oval-shaped leaves. The solitary flowers are dark-veined deep purple and white, often with some yellow in the throat, and are about a centimeter long. Previously considered to belong among the New World Antirrhinum species, it is now considered the sole member of the related genus Pseudorontium.

References

External links
The Plant List
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

Plantaginaceae genera
Monotypic Lamiales genera
Plantaginaceae

Pseudorontium


OhmyNews is a South Korean online news website. It was founded by Oh Yeon Ho on 22 February 2000.

The site's motto is "Every Citizen is a Reporter", which reflects its status as the first news website in Korea to accept, edit, and publish articles from its readers in an open source-style. About 20% of the site's content is written by the 55-person staff; most articles are written by freelance contributors.

Political position
OhmyNews is consistently considered liberal and progressive. This is in contrast to the somewhat more moderate liberal Hankyoreh and Kyunghyang.

It is also considered anti-imperialist, anti-racist, and anti-xenophobic. However, anti-China/anti-Japan government left-wing nationalist media is common among South Korean liberals. The site is also generally critical of the 'hegemonic nationalism' of the Chinese and Japanese governments, and supports 'resistance nationalism'. The site strongly criticizes and opposes anti-Japanese and anti-Chinese sentiment that is expressed as racism rather than anti-imperialism. OhmyNews is not anti-American, but often criticizes U.S. foreign policy.

It opposes improving Japan-South Korea relations and is particularly negative about cooperation in the military sector. In 2022, an article on OhmyNews criticized the U.S. effort to improve Japan-South Korea relations to counter China as sacrificing South Korea.

History

OhmyNews was influential in determining the outcome of the 2002 South Korean presidential election. After being elected, President Roh Moo-hyun granted his first interview to OhmyNews.

OhmyNews International is an English language online newspaper that features "citizen reporter" articles written by contributors from all over the globe. Its content is almost 100% citizen reporter.

On 22 February 2006, OhmyNews and Japanese firm Softbank signed an investment contract valued at US$11 million. In 2006 OhmyNews started to build a Japan-based citizen-participatory journalism site called OhmyNews Japan, launched on 28 August with a famous Japanese journalist and 22 other employees working under ten reporters. These journalists' articles were the object of much criticism; on 17 November 2006, the newspaper ended the citizen-participation aspect of the paper. The South Korean newspaper admitted that OhmyNews Japan had failed. In July 2008, all staff of OhmyNews Japan were dismissed, and by the end of August operations had ceased on the site.

The 2nd Citizen Reporters' Forum was held by OhmyNews in Seoul, Korea from 12–15 July 2006. The 3rd International Citizen Reporters Forum was held by OhmyNews in Seoul from 27–29 June 2007.

On 24 November 2007, OhmyNews opened a "citizen journalism school" to serve as a "collaborative knowledge center" for classes in journalism, digital cameras and photojournalism. It is located 90 minutes from Seoul in the refurbished building of an elementary school. The faculty will include OhmyNews editors and other journalists from print, radio and television. There is in-school lodging and dining capacity for 50 guests.

On 1 August 2010, OhmyNews of South Korea announced a change in its format from an "edited citizen journalist news site" to a "blog dedicated to covering and discussing the world of citizen journalism itself," starting the following month.

"Curators are important to our operation. They are given a great deal of trust. In order to maintain credibility amongst our team members, new curators join through recommendations of existing curators. And even amongst the curators we have different levels depending on their experience and contributions. This is to maintain a steady level of quality and credibility with our readers."

Financing
Critics argue that OhmyNews is losing original features as alternative–independent media in financial independence. Oh Yeon-ho said, "70 to 80 percent of our revenue came from corporate advertising and sponsorships. In contrast, contributions from readers only totaled five percent of total revenue." Oh also said, "We have not received a cent from Lee Myung-bak government for central government advertising." However a government report to National Assembly in 2009 revealed that OhmyNews received 120 million won (approximately 100,000 dollars) for government advertising from February 2008 to July 2009. An OhmyNews report also indicated that they had received about 870 million won (approximately 900,000 dollars) for government advertising from 2003 to 2007 by introducing government official reports to National Assembly.

An alternative medium Pressian reported Oh's comments, "I respect Samsung as major business partner," and introduced about 20 percent of the total advertising and cooperation revenue of OhmyNews is coming from Samsung for years, the biggest business corporate of Korea.

On 8 July 2009, Oh Yeon-ho revealed that OhmyNews was losing up to 700 million won yearly, and appealed to website users to join a voluntary subscription scheme.

OhmyNews International
In September 2010, OhmyNews International changed its format from citizen journalism to becoming a forum about citizen journalism. Verifying facts from around the world became too difficult. The old site is an archive and does not accept new articles.

See also

 Culture of South Korea
 Media in South Korea

References

Further reading
 International press react to OhmyNews
 TIME magazine profile of contributor Kim Hye-won
 Giants of Citizen Media Meet Up The Tyee, October 24, 2007
 OhmyNews Citizen Journalism School Opens, OhmyNews, November 24, 2007
 The End of OhmyNews Japan, Global Voices Online, September 18, 2008

External links

2000 establishments in South Korea
Asian news websites
Anti-racist organizations in Asia
Anti-imperialist organizations
Jongno District
Korean nationalist organizations
Left-wing nationalism in South Korea
Left-wing newspapers
Liberal media in South Korea
Magazines published in South Korea
Newspapers published in South Korea
Online companies of South Korea
Progressivism in South Korea
Publications established in 2000
Internet properties established in 2000
South Korean news websites

OhmyNews


Hyperledger (or the Hyperledger Project) is an umbrella project of open source blockchains and related tools that the Linux Foundation started in December 2015. IBM, Intel, and SAP Ariba have contributed to support the collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. It was renamed the Hyperledger Foundation in October 2021.

History and aims

In December 2015, the Linux Foundation announced the creation of the Hyperledger Project. The founding project members were announced in February 2016, with ten further members and the governing board announced a month later on March 29. On May 19, Brian Behlendorf was appointed the project's executive director.

The project's objective is to advance cross-industry collaboration by developing blockchains and distributed ledgers, focusing on improving the systems' performance and reliability (compared to cryptocurrency designs) so they can support global business transactions by major technological, financial, and supply chain companies. The project integrates independent open protocols and standards in a framework for use-specific modules, including blockchains with their own consensus and storage routines, and services for identity, access control and smart contracts. There was some debate about whether the Hyperledger would develop its own bitcoin-type cryptocurrency, but Behlendorf clearly stated the Hyperledger Project would never build its own cryptocurrency.

In early 2016, the project began accepting proposals for incubation of codebases and other technologies as core elements. One of the first proposals was for a codebase combining previous work by Digital Asset, Blockstream's libconsensus and IBM's OpenBlockchain. This was later named Fabric. In May, Intel's distributed ledger, named Sawtooth, was incubated.

In January 2018, Hyperledger released the production-ready Sawtooth 1.0. In January 2019, the first long-term-support version of Hyperledger Fabric (v1.4) was announced.

Daniela Barbosa was named executive director of Hyperledger Foundation in October 2021.

Members and governance
Early members of the initiative included blockchain ISVs, (Blockchain, ConsenSys, Digital Asset, R3, Onchain), well-known technology platform companies (Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, NEC, NTT DATA, Red Hat, VMware), financial services firms (ABN AMRO, ANZ Bank, BNY Mellon, CLS Group, CME Group, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), Deutsche Börse Group, J.P. Morgan, State Street, SWIFT, Wells Fargo, Sberbank), business software companies like SAP, academic institutions (Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Blockchain at Columbia, UCLA Blockchain Lab), systems integrators and others (Accenture, Calastone, Wipro, Credits, Guardtime, IntellectEU, Nxt Foundation, Symbiont, Smart Block Laboratory).

The governing board of the Hyperledger Project consists of ten members chaired by Robert Palatnick, (managing director and chief technology architect for DTCC), and a fifteen-member Technical Steering Committee chaired by Tracy Kuhrt, Associate Director, Blockchain and Multiparty Systems Architecture, at Accenture.

Notable frameworks

Hyperledger Besu
Besu is an enterprise-grade Ethereum codebase.

Hyperledger Fabric
Hyperledger Fabric is a permissioned blockchain infrastructure, originally contributed by IBM and Digital Asset, providing a modular architecture with a delineation of roles between the nodes in the infrastructure, execution of Smart Contracts (called "chaincode" in Fabric) and configurable consensus and membership services. A Fabric Network comprises (1) "Peer nodes", which execute chaincode, access ledger data, endorse transactions and interface with applications; (2) "Orderer nodes" which ensure the consistency of the blockchain and deliver the endorsed transactions to the peers of the network; and (3) Membership Service Providers (MSPs), each generally implemented as a Certificate Authority, managing X.509 certificates which are used to authenticate member identity and roles. Hyperledger Fabric allows for use of different consensus algorithms, but the consensus algorithm that is most commonly used with the platform is Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT).

Fabric is primarily aimed at integration projects, in which a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is required, offering no user facing services other than an SDK for Node.js, Java and Go.

Fabric supports chaincode in Go and JavaScript (via Hyperledger Composer, or natively since v1.1) out-of-the-box, and other languages such as Java by installing appropriate modules. It is therefore potentially more flexible than competitors that only support a closed Smart Contract language.

Hyperledger Sawtooth
Originally contributed by Intel, Sawtooth includes a dynamic consensus feature enabling hot swapping consensus algorithms in a running network. Among the consensus options is a novel consensus protocol known as "Proof of Elapsed Time," a lottery-design consensus protocol that optionally builds on trusted execution environments provided by Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX). Sawtooth supports Ethereum smart contracts via "seth" (a Sawtooth transaction processor integrating the Hyperledger Burrow EVM). In addition to Solidity support, Sawtooth includes SDKs for Python, Go, Javascript, Rust, Java, and C++.

Tools

Hyperledger Aries
Hyperledger Aries is a toolkit for decentralized identity solutions. It supports issuance, storage, and presentations of verifiable credentials, providing the functionality to create and manage decentralized, self-sovereign identities. It supports secure, peer-to-peer messaging using a variety of protocols. Aries includes implementations in Python, Go, .NET, and JavaScript. Hyperledger Aries interacts with other Hyperledger projects like Indy and Ursa. Indy provides the ledger technology, and Ursa provides shared cryptographic functions.

Hyperledger Caliper
Hyperledger Caliper is a blockchain benchmark tool and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by The Linux Foundation. Hyperledger Caliper allows users to measure the performance of a specific blockchain implementation with a set of predefined use cases. Hyperledger Caliper will produce reports containing a number of performance indicators, such as TPS (Transactions Per Second), transaction latency, resource utilization etc. The intent is for Caliper results to be used by other Hyperledger projects as they build out their frameworks, and as a reference in supporting the choice of a blockchain implementation suitable for a user's specific needs. Hyperledger Caliper was initially contributed by developers from Huawei, Hyperchain, Oracle, Bitwise, Soramitsu, IBM and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

Hyperledger Cello
Hyperledger Cello is a blockchain module toolkit and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by The Linux Foundation. Hyperledger Cello aims to bring the on-demand "as-a-service" deployment model to the blockchain ecosystem to reduce the effort required for creating, managing and terminating blockchains. It provides a multi-tenant chain service efficiently and automatically on top of various infrastructures, e.g., baremetal, virtual machine, and more container platforms. Hyperledger Cello was initially contributed by IBM, with sponsors from Soramitsu, Huawei and Intel.

Baohua Yang and Haitao Yue from IBM Research are committed part-time to developing and maintaining the project.

Hyperledger Composer
Hyperledger Composer was a set of collaboration tools for building blockchain business networks that make it simple and fast for business owners and developers to create smart contracts and blockchain applications to solve business problems. Built with JavaScript, leveraging modern tools including node.js, npm, CLI and popular editors, Composer offered business-centric abstractions as well as sample apps with easy to test DevOps processes to create robust blockchain solutions that drive alignment across business requirements with technical development.

Blockchain package management tooling contributed by IBM. Composer was a user-facing rapid prototyping tooling, running on top of Hyperledger Fabric, which allows the easy management of Assets (data stored on the blockchain), Participants (identity management, or member services) and Transactions (Chaincode, a.k.a. Smart Contracts, which operate on Assets on the behalf of a Participant). The resulting application can be exported as a package (a BNA file) which may be executed on a Hyperledger Fabric instance, with the support of a Node.js application (based on the Loopback application framework) and provide a REST interface to external applications.

Composer provided a GUI user interface "Playground" for the creation of applications, and therefore represents an excellent starting point for Proof of Concept work.

On the 27th of April, 2020 the Hyperledger Technical Steering Committee moved Hyperledger Composer to the "End of Life" lifecycle stage, ending new development.

Hyperledger Explorer
Hyperledger Explorer is a blockchain module and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by The Linux Foundation. Designed to create a user-friendly Web application, Hyperledger Explorer can view, invoke, deploy or query blocks, transactions and associated data, network information (name, status, list of nodes), chain codes and transaction families, as well as any other relevant information stored in the ledger. Hyperledger Explorer was initially contributed by IBM, Intel and DTCC.

Hyperledger Quilt
Hyperledger Quilt is a business blockchain tool and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by The Linux Foundation. Hyperledger Quilt offers interoperability between ledger systems by implementing the Interledger protocol (also known as ILP), which is primarily a payments protocol and is designed to transfer value across distributed ledgers and non-distributed ledgers. The Interledger protocol provides atomic swaps between ledgers (even non-blockchain or distributed ledgers) and a single account namespace for accounts within each ledger. With the addition of Quilt to Hyperledger, The Linux Foundation now hosts both the Java (Quilt) and JavaScript (Interledger.js) Interledger implementations. Hyperledger Quilt was initially contributed by NTT Data and Ripple.

See also
Confidential Consortium Framework

References

External links

Blockchain entities
Linux Foundation projects
Organizations established in 2015

Hyperledger


Air Tahiti is a French airline company which operates in French Polynesia. Its main hub is Faa'a International Airport. It is the largest private employer in French Polynesia.

Company history

Early seaplane operations
The company was founded in July 1950 by Jean Arbelot and Marcel Lasserre, operating between Papeete, Raiatea, and Bora Bora using a 7-seater seaplane, a Grumman Widgeon J-4F.

In 1951, the French Ministry for the Overseas purchased on behalf of the Territory a Grumman Mallard amphibian aircraft, which the airline was allowed to use. In May 1951 it inaugurated a fortnightly mail service between Papeete and Aitutaki in the Cook Islands, only for the first flight to be turned away due to concerns about Polio. The route was discontinued in June 1952 when TEAL extended its service to Papeete. The airline temporarily ceased all operations in July 1952 after a crash injured its only pilot, but services resumed in April 1953 after an Australian pilot was recruited. Gradually, Air Tahiti spread its wings to all the islands of French Polynesia. In 1953 the first landing in the Gambier archipelago was achieved. In October 1953, the first flight to the Marquesas islands took place with a sea-landing at Taiohae / Nuku Hiva.

RAI
In July 1953 the Territory reallocated the Grumman Mallard to Régie Aérienne Interinsulaire (RAI, "interisland aviation board"), a subsidiary of Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux, which took over air transport in French Polynesia. The Air Tahiti brand then disappeared. RAI acquired two Consolidated PBY Catalina seaplanes to expand links between the islands of French Polynesia. Originally operating in an orange livery, these aircraft later adopted green and blue. The network was expanded, and in 1955, the Austral archipelagos inaugurated seaplane service with the opening of routes to Tubuai and Raivavae.

In 1958 RAI rebranded as the Réseau Aérien Interinsulaire (Inter-Island Aviation Network). It continued to operate seaplanes, and expanded its network to include the Tuamotus. It also operated a Short Sandringham "Bermuda" flying boat connecting the main runway at Bora-Bora with Papeete. The construction of Papeete's Faa'a International Airport in 1960 was followed by a vast construction program of runways across French Polynesia, and RAI's fleet shifted away from seaplanes towards conventional aircraft.

Air Polynésie
In 1970, RAI rebranded again as Air Polynésie. Nicknamed "Air Po" by Polynesians, the company asserted more of its Polynesian identity and implemented regular services throughout French Polynesia and especially to the more remote islands.  The airline had a "virtual monopoly" due to a convention with the territorial government. Initially operating a Short Sandringham "Bermuda" flying boat, a Douglas DC-4 propliner and a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprop, it later added a Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander and two Fokker F27 Friendships. It began operations to Huahine in April 1971. In late 1984, faced with a need for new capital to purchase modern aircraft, it threatened to wind itself up unless a loan was guaranteed by the territorial government.

Air Tahiti again
In 1985, the former UTA (by then absorbed by Air France) sold a majority of Air Polynesia shares, with 25% being given to the French Polynesian government and the remaining 45% sold to local investors. In 1987 the airline was again rebranded as Air Tahiti, using a fleet of ATR 42 regional turboprop aircraft. Between 1987 and 2007 it quadrupled its passenger-kilometres travelled, from 75 million to 315 million.

Destinations
Air Tahiti covers a network of 48 destinations, most of which are in French Polynesia, although one is available in the Cook Islands.

Fleet

As of September 2018, the Air Tahiti fleet consists of:

Accidents and incidents
 On April 18, 1991, Air Tahiti Flight 805 was on approach to Nuku Hiva Airport, when the aircraft, a Dornier 228, suffered an engine failure and attempted to ditch near the coast. 10 of the 20 occupants in the aircraft were killed.

References

External links

Official Air Tahiti Website
 Aircraft manufacturer ATR website
 SEAC State Department of Civil Aviation Website

Airlines of France
Airlines of French Polynesia
Airlines established in 1953
1953 establishments in French Polynesia
Former seaplane operators

Air Tahiti


Kendal Mint Cake is a sugar-based confection flavoured with peppermint.  It originates from Kendal in Cumbria, England. Kendal Mint Cake is popular among climbers and mountaineers, especially those from the United Kingdom, as a source of energy.

History
Kendal Mint Cake is based on a traditional recipe known as mint cake, peppermint tablet, and various other names. Three companies still produce Kendal Mint Cake. The origin of the cake is allegedly a batch of glacier mint sweets that went wrong. In 1869, Joseph Wiper, who married into the Thompson family of confectioners based in Kendal, supposedly left the boiled solution for glacier mints overnight and it turned cloudy and solidified. The resulting 'mint cake' was discovered in the morning.

Wiper began producing mint cake, with several other confectioneries following suit. After Joseph Wiper emigrated to Canada in 1912 his great-nephew, Robert Wiper, took over the family business. Robert marketed Kendal mint cake as an energy snack used on famous expeditions, including the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton, which largely led to its rise in international popularity amongst mountaineers and hikers.

Quiggin's

Quiggin's Kendal Mint Cake is the oldest surviving mint cake company. The Quiggin family has been making confectionery since 1840 in the Isle of Man. When one of the four sons, Daniel Quiggin, moved to Kendal in 1880, the mint cake company was formed.

In the BBC TV programme Great British Menu, series 5, Lisa Allen visited Quiggin's factory and used Quiggin's Kendal Mint Cake in her Strawberries with Meringue & Kendal Mint Cake Water Ice dessert.

In the BBC TV programme Great British Railway Journeys (Series 7, Episode 2), Michael Portillo visited Quiggin's factory.

Romney's

Romney's was founded in 1918, and used an old recipe to create mint cake. This mint cake was sold in Kendal and sent by train to other areas of the north-west for sale. In 1987, Romney's bought Wiper's Mint Cake from Harry Wiper, who had inherited ownership of Wiper's in 1960 when his father Robert Wiper died.

In 2016, Romney's collaborated with fashion site Lyst to create a limited run of "Kendall Mint Cakes" to celebrate Kendall Jenner's 21st birthday on 3 November. 200 limited edition cakes were given away on social media.

More recently, Romney's have appeared on the hit BBC programme 'Inside The Factory' and Gold UK's Ricky & Ralf's Great Northern Road Trip. 2020 also saw the launch of Monopoly - The Lakes Edition, where Romney's feature on the board, a dedicated chance card and the front of the box alongside other iconic Lake District companies.

Wilson's
Wilson's Mint Cake was founded in 1913, when James Wilson purchased a factory in the Stricklandgate area of the town. He had previously made and distributed types of toffee, but he decided to instead concentrate on mint cake. In 1966, the firm moved to a location in the Cross Lane area of Kendal. Wilson's was licensed to sell a Beatrix Potter range of sweets.
As of 2007, the factory was run by the grandson of James, Andrew Wilson, and mint cake was no longer the major product of the company as chocolate confectionery took up 90% of orders.

After moving from Kendal to Holme in 2013, it was reported in 2016 that the company had closed down. However, the company actually changed hands and is now run by W McClures Ltd, a family-run business that was established in Windermere in 1945, and Kendal Mint Cake is still for sale from their website.

Manufacturing process
Kendal Mint Cake is made from sugar, glucose, water, and peppermint oil. Although the exact recipe and method of manufacturing mint cake is kept secret, it is known that it is created in the following way:
The sugar, glucose, water and peppermint oil are boiled in a copper pan.
The mixture is continuously stirred (without stirring, the resultant product would be clear).
The mixture is then poured into moulds and allowed to set, after which it is broken into individual bars.

Numerous types of mint cake are now available. Mint cake made with white sugar, mint cake made with brown sugar, and mint cake enrobed in chocolate are the most popular varieties.

Notable uses
Kendal Mint Cake has been used on many expeditions around the world as a source of energy:
Wiper's Kendal Mint Cake was provided for the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917, which was led by Sir Ernest Shackleton.
Sir Edmund Hillary and his team carried Romney's Kendal Mint Cake with them on the first successful ascent of Mount Everest in 1953. The packaging currently includes the following: "'We sat on the snow and looked at the country far below us … we nibbled Kendal Mint Cake.' A member of the successful Everest expedition wrote – 'It was easily the most popular item on our high altitude ration – our only criticism was that we did not have enough of it.'"
Chris Bonington also used Quiggin's Kendal Mint Cake on his 1975 Everest expedition.
Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman included mint cake in their supplies for their 2004 motorcycle trip around the world in Long Way Round.

See also
 Mint
 York Peppermint Pattie

References

External links

The Story of Kendal Mint Cake
The History of Mint Cake (spoof)
Quiggin's Mint Cake
Romney's Mint Cake
Wilson's Mint Cake (archived October 2019)

Food brands of the United Kingdom
British confectionery
Candy bars
Kendal
Cumbrian cuisine

Kendal Mint Cake


Lake Taneycomo is a man-made lake or reservoir on the White River in the Ozark Mountains of Taney County, Missouri. The reservoir is named for the county in which it is located:  Taney County, MO. It flows through the city of Branson, Missouri. Tanycomo is the third of four reservoirs on the White River before it enters the Mississippi River. The other three are Beaver Lake, Table Rock Lake and Bull Shoals Lake.

History

Lake Taneycomo widened out to be a lake with the completion of the Powersite Dam, near Forsyth, Missouri, in 1913. From 1913 until 1958 it was a warm water lake. The United States Army Corps of Engineers completed the Table Rock Dam in 1958. This changed Tanycomo from a warm water lake to a very cold 58 degrees Farenheit (maximum). Gone were the Smallmouth bass the White River was famous for. But it turned Lake Tanycomo into a world class trout fishery.

In 1957, the Missouri Department of Conservation constructed the Shepherd of the Hills Fish Hatchery. It provides
between 350,000 and 400,000 pounds of rainbow and brown trout per year, most of which goes into Lake Tanycomo. In 2001, while doing a survey of the lake, Missouri Department of Conservation biologists captured a 36.5 inch long trout they estimated weighed 37 pounds. The trout was promptly released. In 2009, Scott Sandusky, caught the Missouri state record Brown Trout which was 37 inches long and 24.75 inches in girth. It weighed 28.8 pounds and was taken on a spinning rod with 4 pound test line.

Recreation

Lake Taneycomo is both a river and a lake. The shallow colder water, located near the Table Rock Dam, averages 48 degrees F. Here it resembles a river and allows fishing from the banks of the river. Moving downsteam the temperature of the water gets warmer and the lake deepens to more than  near the Powersite Dam in Forsyth. The current can be very strong when Table Rock dam is generating power. The water temperature also drops. At this time the fishing tends to be very good. All methods of trout fishing — fly fishing, fishing lures, and live bait fishing — may be used year-round to catch trout that inhabit the waters of Lake Taneycomo.

Lake Taneycomo offers a variety of recreational activities including hiking, sightseeing, hunting, fishing, boating, and waterskiing. People coming to Lake Taneycomo are able to visit area restaurants, shopping, and shows in the Branson area.

Notes

References

Other websites

 Showmelakes: Lake Taneycomo

Geography of Missouri
Ozarks
Lakes of the United States

Lake Taneycomo


A carrier battle group (CVBG) is a naval fleet that includes an aircraft carrier and a group of other ships that work together to help the carrier complete its mission.  The CV in CVBG is the United States Navy classification code for an aircraft carrier.

The first naval fleets built around carriers were seen at the beginning of World War II.  The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the first to put many carriers into one task force.  This task force was used in the attack on Pearl Harbor.  It was the IJN's main carrier battle group until four of its carriers were sunk at the Battle of Midway.  The United States Navy deployed its carriers in separate formations. Each carrier was put with its own cruiser and destroyer escorts.  These single-carrier fleets would often work together for certain assignments. The most notable examples of this are the Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway.  By 1943, there was a large number of fleet and smaller carriers became available. This led to them using larger formations of three or four carriers.  These groups became the Fast Carrier Task Force. They are the primary battle unit of the U.S. Third and Fifth Fleets.

With the construction of the large "supercarriers" of the Cold War era, the use of each carrier in a single formation was brought back.  During this time, the main role of the CVBG in battle with the Soviet Union would have been to protect Atlantic supply routes between the United States and its NATO allies in Europe.  The Soviet Union had no large carriers of its own. Aircraft carriers fighting each other would have been unlikely. A main mission of the Soviet Navy's attack submarines was to track every allied battle group. If war started, their mission was to sink the carriers.  Knowing this, the CVBG put much of its resources in its own anti-submarine warfare mission.
Naval ships of the United States
Military aviation
Military of Japan

Carrier battle group


Central Office Building  is a historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District. It is located in the center of a block with other historic structures. It now houses loft apartments.

History
The Central Office Building was built in two phases. The western half of the building is the oldest section of the structure that began in the 1850s as a brick church. It was remodeled into a 4-story building sometime between 1866 and 1881 by the Woeber Brothers for their carriage production facility and showroom. In 1887, Henry F. Petersen, who owned the J.H.C. Petersen's Sons' Store on Second and Main Streets, had the carriage building remodeled for a furniture store. Petersen was prominent in wholesale and retail goods in the city and his buildings housed his various interests. In 1904, Gustav Hansen designed the first phase of Petersen's Central Office Building for $24,000. Two years later Clausen & Clausen designed the second phase. The building was constructed with retail businesses housed on the street level and office space above. Some of the early businesses included Spencer Furniture Company, Schiller Piano Company, and the Huebotter Furniture Company. Multiple retailers continue to fill the street level. Architectural firm Clausen & Kruse, formerly known as Clausen & Clausen, had offices on the third floor of the Central Office Building. The upper floors have subsequently been converted into loft apartments.

Architecture
The building is four stories and constructed of brick. The façade is divided into seven bays with three bays on either side of a central bay that contains a stairwell to serve the upper floors. The pier and spandrel facade suggests the building's structural system, and it was used again in the J.H.C. Petersen's Sons Wholesale Building and that was also built by Petersen and designed by Clausen & Clausen. While it appears symmetrical at first closer inspection reveals that it is not. The bays on the west are sized to accommodate groups of three double-hung windows. The bays of the east are narrower and are designed to accommodate a pair of double-hung windows. The building also features pilasters with rolled edges and homed gargoyles that run through the upper elevation of the building. A simple cornice tops the building and raised parapets mark the two portions of the building.

The building shows elements of the Victorian and the Chicago Commercial styles. The cornice and the grotesques on the capitals are all Victorian while the expression of the structure in the façade reflects the Commercial.

References

Office buildings completed in 1906
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Davenport, Iowa
Office buildings in Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Davenport, Iowa
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Iowa

Central Office Building


The former Auburn Post Office building is located in the City of Auburn, 20 Auburn Avenue NE at First Street NE. This is one block north Main Street, the historic business and commercial center. The main entrance is the west face on Auburn Avenue.

Exterior
The former Post Office is a small, single-purpose building. Constructed in 1937 as a one-story building,  wide by  long, with a covered loading platform in back. The exterior is red brick on a poured concrete foundation with sandstone trim elements.  These include a horizontal band below the cornice, and engaged sandstone piers adjacent to the main entry.

In the center of the front façade are five granite steps flanked by original wrought-iron ornamental lampposts.  The wooden double entry doors have a transom windows above and large rectangular windows on either side. The remaining windows are gently arched wood windows with divided lights and poured concrete sills. Each features a soldier course of red brick at the headers.

The roof is a lateral hip, with a metal cupola featuring glass panes and a weathervane. An east-facing skylight with operable windows runs along the base of the hipped roof. The original roof was tile. A raised, covered loading dock was constructed at the rear of the building. A cornerstone on the northwest corner of the front facade provides the names of the architect and the supervising engineer, the Postmaster General, and the Secretary of the Treasury that year.

Interior
The building has an L-shaped lobby,  wide and  on the front and  on the back or south side. The postal clerk's counter and windows ran nearly the length of the lobby with the post box area located at the south end. A full wall with grilled postal clerk windows separated the public and private functions of the post office. Interior finish materials in the lobby area included Alaskan marble wainscoting, mahogany window and door trim, and terrazzo flooring. The building contained 11 rooms, including restrooms, work rooms and Postmaster's office, and a full basement with storage, fuel and boiler rooms.

Present appearance

The former Auburn Post Office building was purchased by the King County Department of Public Health and remodeled for use as a health clinic in 1964. The exterior alterations include construction of a  long by  deep brick addition to the rear covered loading dock; construction of an ADA accessible ramp along the north side leading to a basement entrance; installation of an arched fabric awning over the primary building entrance; and the addition of new building signage. The changes are not visible from the front. The roof has been changed from tile to asphalt shingles but the original cupola still crowns the building.

The building interior was extensively remodeled in 1964. Spaces were sub-divided to create smaller offices and exam rooms, the lobby/reception area was reconfigured as the wall originally separating the post office lobby area from the back-of-the-house was removed and replaced with a reception counter, and the rear addition was added to create a nurse's work room. The buildings interior bears little resemblance to its historic use as a post office.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in King County, Washington

References

Bibliography
Abel, Don G. The Works Program of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Washington, A Narrative Report to the People of Our State. Report by Works Progress Administrator, 1937.
"Auburn Historic Main Street Tour." (Brochure) Auburn: City of Auburn Planning and Community Development Department, 1991.
"Auburn Historic Sites Tour," (Brochure) Auburn: City of Auburn Planning and Community Development Department, 1991.
Bagley, Clarence B. History of King County Washington, Vol. 1. Chicago: SJ. Clarke Publishing Co., 1929
Bruns, James H. Great American Post Offices. Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press; New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.
Dorpat, Paul and Genevieve McCoy. Building Washington: A History of Washington State Public Works. Seattle: Tartu Publications, 1998.
Grosvenor, Beth. National Register of Historic Places Bulletin 13: How to Apply National Register Criteria to Post Offices. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fall 1984.
Kolva, H. J. and Steve Franks. Historic U.S. Post Offices in Washington 1893-1941. National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. August, 1989.
Morley, Roberta C., Ed. City of Auburn 1891-1976. Auburn: City of Auburn, 1976.
Park, Marlene and Gerald Markowitz. Democratic Vistas: Post Offices and Public Art in the New Deal. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984.
U.S. Public Works Administration. America Builds: The Record of the PWA. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1939.
Vine, Josephine Emmons. Auburn—A Look Down Main Street. Auburn: City of Auburn, 1991.
Williams, J. Kerwin. Grants-In-Aid Under the Public Works Administration: A Study in Federal-State-Local Relations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939.
Local Newspaper Articles:
"Treasury Calls for Bids on Post Office Sites in Auburn." The Auburn News, 20 November 1936.
"Treasury Dept. Asks Bids for P.O. Location." Auburn Globe Republican, 20 November 1936.
"Public Hearing Held in Regard to P.O. Site." The Auburn News, 11 December 1936.
"Postal Department Scans Sites for New Building." Auburn Globe Republican, 11 December 1936.
"Lots in Ballard Addition Selected for P.O. Site." The Auburn News, 22 January 1937.
"To Open Post Office Bldg. Bids July 9th." The Auburn News, 4 June 1937.
"Eastern Firm Low Bidder on P.O. Building." The Auburn News, 16 July 1937.
"Construction Supt. for P.O. Building Arrives." The Auburn News, 13 August 1937.
"Start Work on New Post Office Building." The Auburn News, 20 August 1937.
"Parley to Lay Cornerstone Here." The Auburn News, 15 October 1937.
"Parley Scheduled to Lay new Post Office Cornerstone at 11:55 o'Clock This Morning." Auburn Globe Republican, 15 October 1937.
"Parley Speaks to 2,000 Here at P.O. Rites." Auburn Globe Republican, 22 October 1937. '
"Open for Public Inspection Tuesday Night: Auburn's New Post Office Building." The Auburn News, 25 March 1938.
Mary G. Wilkinson. "History of the Auburn Post Office." Auburn Globe Republican, 25 March 1938.
"New Post Office Building Ready for Inspection Here Tuesday: Program Arranged." Auburn Globe Republican, 1 April 1938.

External links

1937 establishments in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Auburn, Washington
Government buildings completed in 1937
Modern Movement architecture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in King County, Washington
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)

Auburn Post Office


Stefano Farina (19 September 1962 – 23 May 2017) was an Italian football referee. He was born in Ovada, Italy.

Farina has refereed several high-profile matches in Serie A and the UEFA Champions League, including the 2006 UEFA Super Cup in Monaco.

Farina officiated in qualifiers for the 2004 and 2008 European Championships, as well as preliminary matches for the 2002 and 2006 World Cups. He was known to have served as a FIFA referee during the period from 2001 to 2007.

He retired internationally in 2007 after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 45.

Farina died suddenly in Genova, Italy on 23 May 2017 from a suspected heart attack, aged 54.

References

1962 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Italian football referees

Stefano Farina


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Gary Kinder (born October 25, 1962) is a U.S. Olympian who participated in the 1988 decathlon. Kinder made the team by finishing first in the 1988 Olympic trials in a PR 8293pts. Kinder finished 12th in the 1987 World Championships of track and field with 8030 points beating teammate Rob Muzzio by 13 points.

Kinder, 6'1" 190 lbs, attended the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) and was coached by (still) head coach Joe Walker. He transferred to the University of New Mexico and finished 2nd at the 1985 NCAA championships in the decathlon.
Kinder still holds Ole Miss school records in the decathlon (7565 pts.) and javelin (old style-224'3"). He stands 5th on the list in the pole vault with 16' 1/4". Kinder also remains the decathlon record holder at the University of New Mexico where he scored 7965 in placing second in the 1985 NCAA Track and field Championships.

Kinder first appeared on the U.S. list in 1985 with a #6 ranking and had reached as high as #2 in 1988. Kinder was ranked in the top 10 United States Decathletes continuously from 1985 through 1990. His finishes at the U.S. championships are as follows:
1985: 6th 7654 (w)
1986: 3rd 7857
1987: 3rd 8053 berth in 1987 World Championships.
1988: 1st 8293 Olympic team member
1989: 3rd 8155 (w)
1997: 12th 7695
Kinder currently stands as #96 on the World all-time list in decathlon with his 8293.

In June 1991, Kinder was suspended for a doping violation by the governing body of U.S.A. track and field, for two years. However, the ruling was immediately overturned by an arbitration panel of USA Track and Field when flaws in the testing protocol were discovered in this case. Kinder went on to compete in the 1992 Olympic Trials as well as 2 more United States Decathlon Championships.

He coached high school track and field at Brentwood, Tennessee and is founder of KinderSport.

He also served coaching stints at The University of New Mexico and University of Virginia.

References

1962 births
Living people
American male decathletes
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Ole Miss Rebels men's track and field athletes
New Mexico Lobos men's track and field athletes
Virginia Cavaliers track and field coaches
New Mexico Lobos track and field coaches
Place of birth missing (living people)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Gary Kinder