Modern Talking was a German pop duo consisting of arranger, songwriter and producer Dieter Bohlen and singer Thomas Anders. They have been referred to as Germany's most successful pop duo, and have had a number of hit singles, reaching the top five in many countries. Their most popular singles are "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", "You Can Win If You Want", "Cheri, Cheri Lady", "Brother Louie", "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)" and "Geronimo's Cadillac".

Modern Talking worked together from 1983 to 1987, when the band disbanded. They made a successful comeback, recording and releasing music from 1998 to 2003. The duo released singles (many of which involved American rapper Eric Singleton) which again entered the top ten in Germany and elsewhere, one of which was a re-recorded version of "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", to whose title "'98" was added. By the duo's final break-up in 2003, their combined global sales (singles and albums) had reached 120 million.

History

1983–1987: Beginning

First formed in West Berlin in early 1983, they unexpectedly became popular at the beginning of 1985 with "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", with which they occupied top ten positions in 35 countries, including their homeland, where the single perched at the top of the charts for six consecutive weeks. The single would go on to sell eight million copies worldwide. It was followed by another chart-topping hit, "You Can Win If You Want", which was released in the middle of 1985 off the debut album The 1st Album. The album was certified platinum in Germany for selling over 500,000 units.

Soon after their second hit, Modern Talking released the single "Cheri, Cheri Lady" which also quickly climbed to number one in West Germany, Finland, Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Austria and Norway, and made it into the top ten in Denmark, Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands. As the sole track released from Let's Talk About Love, it procured that second album's platinum status in West Germany (for sales over 500,000). Success continued with two further number-one singles, "Brother Louie" and "Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)", from the third album, Ready for Romance. The duo also charted high with their sixth single, "Geronimo's Cadillac", from the fourth album, In the Middle of Nowhere, and "Jet Airliner" from their fifth album, Romantic Warriors.

Due to the lacklustre reception accorded the sixth album, Bohlen announced the project's termination in a German interview given while Anders was away in Los Angeles. The two had had a relationship that was quarrelsome, if not tumultuous, and this only worsened the animosity. Bohlen cited as the main reason for breaking up Anders' then wife Nora: she'd forbidden her husband from being interviewed by female reporters and repeatedly demanded major changes to shows, videos and recordings, a fact that Anders would admit to in his biography. After a last phone call, heavily laden with reciprocal invective, they broke off all contact for over ten years.

During their early era, Modern Talking knew success in Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and Iran. In Britain, however, they entered the top five only once, with "Brother Louie". In 1985, RCA signed Modern Talking for a US deal and released their first album there, but they remained virtually unknown there, and certainly didn't make the US charts.

They released two albums each year from 1985 to 1987, while also promoting their singles on television across Europe, eventually selling 65 million records in three years.

Notably, Modern Talking were one of the first Western bloc bands sale of whose records was allowed in the Soviet Union. After four decades of Cold War censorship and import restrictions, Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost reforms in the USSR in 1986 opened up the Soviet sphere to western bands, including Modern Talking at the height of their popularity. As a result, they nurtured a large, enduring fanbase in Eastern Europe.

Between 1987 and 1997
Immediately after the duo split in mid-1987, Bohlen formed his own project called Blue System and enjoyed several high chart positions, with tracks like "Sorry Little Sarah", "My Bed Is Too Big", "Under My Skin", "Love Suite", "Laila" and "Déjà vu". Meanwhile, Anders went solo, touring under the name Modern Talking on several continents until the beginning of 1989, when he started to record some of his new pop-like material in Los Angeles and London, as well as Germany. Anders recorded five solo albums in English (Different, Whispers, Down on Sunset, When Will I See You Again and Souled) and one in Spanish - Barcos de Cristal. He was more successful elsewhere than at home, even if he did achieve several hits in Germany. Overcoming past differences, Bohlen and Anders embarked on more amenable relations when Anders moved back to Koblenz, Germany, in 1994.

1998–2003: Reunion
At the beginning of 1998, the duo got back together, performing in the March on the German TV show Wetten, dass..?. They released a remixed version of their 1984 single "You're My Heart, You're My Soul", featuring Eric Singleton on rap vocals. Their first comeback album Back for Good, which included four new tracks, as well as all of the previous hits remixed with up-to-date techniques, took the number-one spot in 15 countries, occupying Germany's for five consecutive weeks. It would sell three million copies in Europe alone. The duo won Best Selling German Band at the World Music Awards that year. The follow-up album, Alone, also went straight to number one in Germany, and was very successful elsewhere: over one million sales in Europe alone.

Bohlen and Anders followed their 1980s practice of choosing to release two singles from an album. A series of singles and four further albums followed: Year of the Dragon, America, Victory and Universe. In 2003, after chalking up over 400 gold and platinum awards worldwide, Bohlen and Anders disbanded again, just before releasing another best-of compilation. This second break-up was reportedly sparked by Bohlen's negative portrayal of Anders in his autobiography, published 4 October 2003. The period of division between them was one in which Bohlen was involved with Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS), the German edition of the UK's TV talent show Pop Idol. 2003's compilation, entitled The Final Album, contained all of the duo's singles. Thomas Anders relaunched his solo career immediately after the end of Modern Talking, while Bohlen was devoting most of his time to new talent, especially those discovered on DSDS.

Musical style and production

In 1984, Bohlen cited the hit single "Precious Little Diamond" (by Fox the Fox) as his inspiration for using falsetto choruses. The studio vocal line-up of Rolf Köhler, Michael Scholz, Detlef Wiedeke and (on early albums) Birger Corleis, in addition to Bohlen and Anders, produced the high choruses characteristic of Modern Talking. Köhler, Scholz and Wiedeke later went on to work with Bohlen in Blue System, before joining with songwriter Thomas Widrat to form Systems in Blue. Köhler, Scholz and Wiedeke were never credited on the Modern Talking albums, and eventually went to court over the matter. They received an out of court settlement and Bohlen published a sleeve note for his next release (Obsession, by Blue System), acknowledging the trio's contribution.

Further influences include German-language schlager music, disco pop (the Bee Gees) and romantic English-language songs of Italian and French origin, like Gazebo's "I Like Chopin". After the 1998 reunion, Bohlen produced Eurodance as well as American-style MOR ballads.

Dieter Bohlen also composed for other artists while still in Modern Talking, such as for Chris Norman and Smokie, whose song "Midnight Lady" (1986) remains Bohlen's most popular composition. He also composed a large number of tracks for C. C. Catch, using an accelerated, less-romantic sound. Some English Bohlen songs such as "You're My Heart, You're My Soul" were also recorded with German lyrics by Mary Roos, using the same playback tracks. When Modern Talking disbanded in 1987, a number of tracks written for the last album were re-arranged and then transferred onto Bohlen's first solo album by Blue System. Modern Talking's sixth album was released about the same time as the first single from Blue System, "Sorry Little Sarah", where Bohlen competed on the charts against Modern Talking's "In 100 Years" hit song.

Global sales of Modern Talking when the duo definitively broke up in 2003 stood at 120 million singles and albums combined, making them the biggest-selling German music act in history.

Post years and legacy

In 2006, Bohlen included a secret message in his song "Bizarre Bizarre", which, when played backwards, is revealed as: "There will never be an end to Modern Talking." To which was added: "I meant to say that the music of Modern Talking will live forever." Anders has kept the Modern Talking songs in his repertoire and produced songs in a similar vein for his solo records ("Independent Girl"). In 2006, he produced an album Songs Forever of swing and jazz versions of popular songs (including Modern Talking's first hit). Bohlen has written two autobiographical books about Modern Talking's history from his perspective. The first book sold a million copies in Germany. The sequel was heavily criticised for his unfairness towards the people he worked with. As a result of that, Bohlen withdrew from the public for a year until 2006, when he said he regretted putting out the second book. Anders had not been the only one pressing charges against Bohlen and demanding that sections of the book be modified. Frank Farian was also angered by Bohlen's literary output and released a book in which he tried to expose Bohlen as a fraud. Bohlen's first book was the basis of an animated comedy film called Dieter: Der Film. The soundtrack of this film contains a new Modern Talking song "Shooting Star" which had been created using fragments of vocal recordings from previous Modern Talking titles from the "Year of the Dragon" album.

Music critics were unenthusiastic about Modern Talking and gave the band's music and performance lacklustre reviews. Although recognizing the catchiness and professional production of the songs, the lack of originality was criticized by British representatives of these genres of music, such as the Pet Shop Boys or Erasure. In particular, criticism was levelled at the "sameness" among many of their songs, something Bohlen himself conceded to Der Spiegel in 1989:

Production roles

Discography

Studio albums
The 1st Album (1985)
Let's Talk About Love (1985)
Ready for Romance (1986)
In the Middle of Nowhere (1986)
Romantic Warriors (1987)
In the Garden of Venus (1987)
Back for Good (1998)
Alone (1999)
Year of the Dragon (2000)
America (2001)
Victory (2002)
Universe (2003)

Awards and nominations

See also
 Blue System
 Dieter: Der Film

References

External links

1983 establishments in West Germany
2003 disestablishments in Germany
German musical duos
Dance-pop groups
German synthpop groups
Male musical duos
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups disestablished in 1987
Musical groups reestablished in 1998
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
Musical groups from Berlin
Eurodisco groups
Europop groups
Pop music duos
Ariola Records artists
Sony BMG artists
World Music Awards winners
Hansa Records artists
RCA Records artists

Modern Talking


Mohammed Ali Shehki (born  9 July 1957) is a Persian-Pakistani pop singer. Shehki entered the music scene in the 1970s with his originally composed and written songs, with a touch of Persian music. He later earned a name for himself in Pakistani pop music and as a playback singer.

Early life
Though Shehki is Persian by origin but has been living in Pakistan as a Pakistani national for most of his life. His family name 'Shehki' comes from his Iranian father who used to work at the Iranian Consulate in Karachi. His father married a half-Iranian half-Pashtun woman living in Karachi at the time.

He studied engineering at the NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan and graduated from there in 1981. Later, he made a career in aviation. Due to his originality, Shehki is the first ever pop singer receiving national awards for consecutive years by Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), film and other national and international awards and recognitions.

Playback singing
Shehki's passion for music took him to the forefront of the Pakistani show business. Sohail Rana, a well-known Pakistani film and television music composer, conducted an audition for PTV, Karachi television station in 1973. Many boys and girls including Shehki participated in that audition. In fact, Shehki was Sohail Rana's first choice because he had gained the top position in that audition.

Career
Shehki's debut song was 'Sambhal, sambhal kar chalna hai.' Music composer was Sohail Rana, the song was live telecast as an introduction by Karachi television station's program, 'Naghma Zaar'. Then a first full song "Mere pyaar ke tu sung sung" by TV music composer Niaz Ahmed and producer Ghazanfar Ali. Blessed with a good strong voice, trained in basics of music by his ustad Habib Ahmed Khan, and then Sohail Rana, Shehki soon gained public recognition. He lent his voice to Sehba Akhtar's national song (quomi naghma), 'Mein bhee Pakistan hoon, tu bhee Pakistan hai.' a big hit of the time and 'Aye Watan Tere Betay Hain' by music composer, Sohail Rana.

After doing a five years stint as a main feature in PTV Program "Jharney", produced by Shoaib Mansoor, he ended up as a highly popular artist, with many hits like "Meri Ankhon se iss dunya ko dekho, phir jo chaho tau chali jana", "Tumse bicharker", "Nazaray" and several other hit songs. He teamed up with Sultana Siddiqui doing a regular quarterly PTV show Dhanak as a singer and presenter.  Then with Sahira Kazimi in PTV show Rang Tarang again for a long span of time. From that show, he piled up his hit songs like "Mere Bachpan Ke Din, Kitnay Achay thay Din" and "Ye Pehli Pehli Barish".

He appeared with famous folk singer Allan Fakir to record this folk song, 'Teray ishq mein jo doob gaya, Allah, Allah kar bhaiyya". "Ham Raat Bohat Roi" written by the poet Ibn-e-Insha again earned him the national award as the best singer. Due to his origin and fluency in Persian language, he did all Persian poetry programs on PTV of Allama Iqbal with its true essence. His numerous film songs are still remembered fondly, especially songs composed by Indian composer Babul Bose for film "Raaz". In Pakistani TV film Shorr with actress Babra Sharif, written and directed by Ghazanfar Ali, Shehki, besides playing the lead, also did the music score and film songs.

Film career
In his film career, he acted in a total of 9 films, his films achieved some success at the box office but the industry was already on the decline, so he left films. His films are Dekh Tamasha (Piyar do ya maardo), Choron ka Badshah (1988 film) celebrated platinum jubilee, Son of Andata (1987), Zor Awar, Sonia, Guide, Wachan, TV film Shorr.

References

External links
Mohammad Ali Shehki on YouTube

Pakistani playback singers
Living people
1957 births
Pakistani pop singers
Muhajir people
Pakistani people of Iranian descent
Pakistani television people
Musicians from Karachi

Mohammed Ali Shehki


Heinrich Streintz (May 7, 1848 in Vienna – November 11, 1892 in Graz ) was an Austrian physicist.

Due to the frequent diseases of their son, the parents of Streintz moved to Graz. There, he visited High School which he passed with great success in 1868. Soon the mathematical abilities of Streintz were discovered, so he occupied the subjects mathematics, physics and chemistry at the University of Graz. Temporarily he studied also in Leipzig, Munich, and Zurich. In Graz he attained a doctorate in 1872, and then he studied for some time under Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Leo Königsberger in Heidelberg. Afterwards he worked in Vienna under Josef Stefan at the Physical Institute, where he finished the habilitation and became a private lecturer in 1873. In 1875, he was appointed as an extraordinary professor for mathematical physics to Graz, where he also became an ordinary professor in 1885. One of his colleagues in Graz was Ludwig Boltzmann.

In his scientific work (both theoretically and experimentally) Streintz was concerned with probability theory, elasticity, and electricity. Streintz also wrote many abstracts and reviews for the Deutsche Literaturzeitung and for Austrian High Schools. However, his most important paper was "The physical foundations of mechanics" (, 1883), where he criticized Newton's definitions of inertia, and introduced the expression "Fundamental body" () and "Fundamental Coordinate System" (), by which inertial motion should be defined more exactly. Similar considerations led shortly thereafter (1885) to the introduction of the term inertial frame of reference by Ludwig Lange.

See also
History of special relativity#Relativity principle and light constancy

References

Publications
Über die Änderungen der Elastizität und der Länge eines vom galvanischen Strome durchflossenen Drahtes, 1873.
Die elektrischen Nachströme transversal magnetisirter Eisenstäbe, 1877
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der elastischen Nachwirkung, 1879
Die physikalischen Grundlagen der Mechanik. 1883

External links

1848 births
1892 deaths
Austrian physicists

Heinrich Streintz


Sir Graham William Henry  (born 8 June 1946) is a New Zealand rugby union coach, and former head coach of the country's national team, the All Blacks. Nicknamed 'Ted', he led New Zealand to win the 2011 World Cup.

Henry played rugby union for Canterbury and cricket for Canterbury and Otago in the Plunket Shield. Before becoming a full-time coach, Henry worked as a school teacher and headmaster.

He coached successful Auckland and Auckland Blues teams in the 1990s, winning National Provincial Championship titles in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 with Auckland, and the first Super 12 title with the Blues in 1996. He coached Wales from 1998 to 2002, with some success, including an 11-match winning streak. He was head coach of the British & Irish Lions in their 2001 tour of Australia, in which they lost the test series 2–1.

He was appointed head coach of New Zealand in 2004, and had several successful seasons, including a series victory over the British & Irish Lions in 2005. Henry was heavily criticised following the All Blacks' quarter-final exit at the 2007 Rugby World Cup and was reappointed amid some controversy. He subsequently led the All Blacks to win the 2011 Rugby World Cup final. He stepped down as All Blacks coach in 2011 after 140 matches in a career that also included five Tri Nations titles.

In 2012, Henry joined Argentina as an advisor, and acted as an assistant coach to the Argentina national team. In 2013, he re-committed to Argentina for the 2013 Rugby Championship.

Early career
After attending Christchurch Boys' High School where he was tutored in part by John Graham, Henry studied at the University of Otago, gained a Diploma in Physical Education in 1969, and became a secondary school geography and physical education teacher. He taught at two schools known for their rugby prowess – Auckland Grammar School and Kelston Boys' High School. He coached both their first XVs. He began his career at Auckland Grammar School as a Physical Education Teacher in 1973 and remained there – while completing a Bachelor of Education at Massey University in 1979 until 1982, when he was appointed deputy headmaster of Kelston. Following the unexpected death of headmaster Jim Paton while jogging in 1987, Henry became headmaster. He held the job until resigning to become a full-time coach in 1996.

His first major role was as coach of the successful Auckland provincial rugby team from 1992 to 1997. During his tenure, the team won the National Provincial Championship (NPC) four years in a row (1993–1996). Henry also coached the Blues in the Super 12 – winning the title in 1996 and 1997, and losing the final in 1998. Remarkably, the only other occasion the Blues have won the title was when he briefly returned as technical adviser in the 2003 season.

Wales and Lions
After being overlooked for the All Blacks coaching position in 1998, Henry left New Zealand to coach Wales, at the time becoming the highest paid rugby union coach in the world for a reputed £250,000 per year. His success with Wales resulted in him being given the nickname "the Great Redeemer" in the media there after guiding his side to eleven consecutive victories in 1999. As a result, Henry gained celebrity status in Wales. He was appointed coach of the British and Irish Lions for their unsuccessful 2001 tour to Australia – this made him the first Lions' coach from outside the Home Nations. He left Wales in 2002 after a record defeat to Ireland in the Six Nations by 54–10, and returned to New Zealand where he was appointed defensive coach of the Blues during their successful 2003 Super 12 season.

All Blacks
Following the All Blacks' semi-final loss to Australia in the 2003 Rugby World Cup the All Blacks coaching job was advertised. Apart from incumbent coach John Mitchell, Henry was the only applicant and took the job in December of that year. Henry appointed his former Wales assistant Steve Hansen as forwards coach, Wayne Smith as attack coach, and having himself responsible for defence. Henry also recruited Sir Brian Lochore as a selector. The coaching team was often referred to by rugby commentators as the Three Wise Men due to their collective experience and success.

His first Test match as coach was against the Rugby World Cup 2003 winners England team in New Zealand in 2004. England, coached by Sir Clive Woodward were decisively defeated in both Tests. The success did not carry on into the 2004 Tri-Nations where the All Blacks won two, and lost two Tests – they eventually finished last in the tournament. Henry and his assistants were criticised in the New Zealand media for their insistence on using a flat backline approach in attack – which they blamed for a low number of tries. The 2004 end of year Tests where they played Northern Hemisphere opponents was more successful and culminated in a 45–6 defeat of France in Paris.

In 2005 he coached the All Blacks in their 3–0 series defeat of the British and Irish Lions. He then coached the All Blacks to 2005 Tri-Nations victory where they lost their only match of 2005 – against South Africa. He then coached them to only their second ever Grand Slam over the four Home Nations later that year. The All Blacks were named 2005 IRB International Team of the Year by the sport's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB). The IRB named Henry as Coach of the Year and first five-eighth Dan Carter as Player of the Year.

After winning the 2006 Tri-Nations and winning all end-of-year Tests in the tour of England, France and Wales, Henry won the IRB Coach of the Year again in 2006. The All Blacks were also named IRB International Team of the Year and captain Richie McCaw Player of the Year.

Despite such successes, Henry attracted controversy for his rotation policy. This policy means that players in the squad are rotated into and out of the starting team resulting in consecutive matches in the All Blacks 2005 Grand Slam fielding entirely different starting fifteens. An extreme competitiveness developed for all positions.

Henry's All Black coaching career was in question after New Zealand lost to France 20–18 in their 2007 World Cup quarter-final. This was New Zealand's worst-ever performance in a Rugby World Cup; they had made the last four of every previous tournament. In particular, Henry was blamed for instructing his men to press for a try in the final 10 minutes of the game instead of attempting a drop goal, with the All Blacks losing by only two points; the All Blacks' best option for a drop goal, centre Aaron Mauger, never got onto the pitch. Others criticised Henry for omitting experienced winger Doug Howlett, the All Blacks' leading scorer of tries in this tournament, starting lock Keith Robinson (who was both injured and had had minimum game time throughout the World Cup) as well as the injured flyhalf Daniel Carter (after earlier proclaiming that his team had enough depth not to force any injured players onto the field), and playing Mils Muliaina, widely considered one of the best fullbacks in rugby, out of position at outside centre.

Henry never stated that referee Wayne Barnes was culpable for the defeat, as Barnes not only allowed several French ruck infringements to go unpunished, but also sin-binned Luke McAlister and missed a forward pass in the buildup to the decisive French try scored by Yannick Jauzion.  This later led to him receiving a fair sportsmans award, the second New Zealander after Tana Umaga. After some speculation that he would leave, Henry applied for the post after it became vacant, competing with Robbie Deans.

On 7 December 2007, Henry's contract as All Blacks coach was extended for a further two years, beating Crusaders's coach Robbie Deans, who subsequently accepted the head coaching position of the Australian rugby union team, the Wallabies. The reappointment produced a mixed reception with the public, media and past players; some applauded the decision while others considered it a mistake. The move to reappoint Henry was also significant as it was the first time that an All Black coach was reappointed after defeat in the World Cup. This has been very divisive in New Zealand with many commentators declaring that it was a case of politics at work.

Upon his reappointment Henry stated that Richie McCaw would become the captain of the All Blacks, and declared that he would be looking for new tight forwards for the All Blacks.

In July 2009, Henry was reappointed as the coach of the All Blacks through until the end of 2011. This contract saw him coaching the All Blacks through the 2011 Rugby World Cup which was held in New Zealand and won by the All Blacks beating France 8–7 in the final.

During a series against France 2009 for contest of the Dave Gallagher Trophy he did not tell the All Blacks that they needed to win by a specified margin to secure the trophy. He said this was done because the All Blacks were "relatively young" and didn't need the extra pressure. This was not accepted as sound reasoning by all players.

At the IRB Awards in 2011, Henry and his team both captured awards. The All Blacks were named IRB International Team of the Year and Graham Henry IRB International Coach of the Year for the 5th time.

On 1 November 2011, Henry announced he would step down as coach, finishing his All Blacks career as one of the most successful rugby coaches of all time: he coached the All Blacks to 88 wins in 103 tests for a winning percentage of 85.4 percent. In February 2012, he took a two-year part-time position with the NZRU as a mentor for the country's Super Rugby and ITM Cup coaches. In April 2012, Henry began serving for one year in a similar role with the Argentina Rugby Union (UAR), primarily as a mentor to that country's high-level coaches and also as an assistant with the national team. His NZRU contract prohibits him from being part of the Pumas' coaching staff for their matches against New Zealand during the 2012 Rugby Championship, but the NZRU has given him its blessing to work with the UAR at other times.

Personal life

Henry met his wife Raewyn at university. She has also coached first class sports teams – the Auckland and Welsh netball teams. They reside in Waiheke Island, and have three children.

Henry was made a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (KNZM) in the 2012 New Year Honours, for services to rugby.

In 2020, he was the coach for the Match Fit squad, an old-boys team of former All Blacks for a one-off game against Barbarians. On the show, he admitted that he should not have taken the role as the Lions coach while being the Welsh coach in 2001. After the tour, he developed depression. He had recovered after leaving the Welsh coaching job in 2002, but also helped him cope with the loss at the 2007 World Cup. In 2021/22, he reprised the role in season 2. He, the late Va'aiga Tuigamala and Brad Mika were the only Auckland-based members in season 2.

References

External links
Wales profile
ESPN Profile

1946 births
Living people
Cricketers from Christchurch
People educated at Christchurch Boys' High School
University of Otago alumni
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union players from Christchurch
Canterbury rugby union players
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Otago cricketers
New Zealand schoolteachers
Massey University alumni
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England
Wales national rugby union team coaches
British & Irish Lions coaches
New Zealand national rugby union team coaches
New Zealand rugby union coaches
World Rugby Awards winners
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Rugby football people awarded knighthoods
Wicket-keepers

Graham Henry


In fiction, a plot hole is a part of a story that goes against something that has already been stated. These may include events that should not happen according for in-universe reasons, events that seem unlikely or events that contradict earlier events in the narrative.

The term can also be used to describe a situation that has not been resolved by the end of the plot, even though there will be no continuing story.

Related pages
 Plot (narrative)
 Continuity
 Deus ex machina

Fiction

Plot hole


Hi Fashion is an American electropop duo, consisting of Jen DM and Rick Gradone. The band's music features electronic, upbeat pop songs, many with ironic and humorous lyrics. DM and Gradone are both originally from New York but both are now based in Los Angeles.  Currently, Hi Fashion has released two Eps, their debut, "Sprechen Sie Hi Fashion?" and 2013 follow up "You Are Gorgeous."

Biography
Gradone and DM met in a gay bar in New York City. Gradone flirted with DM, thinking she was a man. After this, the pair became friends and DM invited Gradone to a benefit concert, where she was performing. Hearing DM sing, Gradone invited DM to form a band together, which she refused. Gradone then sent DM three tracks to listen to and asked again if she would work with him. DM had plans to start an all-woman metal band but agreed to join with Gradone, and thus Hi Fashion was formed.

Originally, the pair named the band "Hi-Fashion $5.99" and later changed it to "Hi-Fashion $9.99" and eventually dropped the price tag and became known simply as "Hi-Fashion".

Hi Fashion's first single, "Amazing" was released in July 2010, and their debut EP "Sprechen Sie Hi Fashion?" a year later, in July 2011. Since the release of said EP, Hi Fashion have released several singles on to iTunes with music videos to accompany them via YouTube.

A second EP by the duo was announced in April 2013, to be titled "You Are Gorgeous". The band ensued to raise the funds needed to support and produce the album by use of Kickstarter, where they successfully raised over $25,000. The album was released in July of that year.

The band's style is most noted in their music videos for their singles, demonstrating a lavish and outlandish fashion style, also strongly mirrored in their live performances. Many of the clothing items are made by the band themselves.

On November 16, 2017, the band announced on their Facebook page that they are disbanding.

Discography
 Studio albums
Sprechen Sie Hi Fashion? (July 2011)
You Are Gorgeous (July 2013)

 Singles
Amazing (July 2010)
You Tuk my Luk (March 2012)
Special Delivery Love (July 2012)
Eighteen (April 2013)
Lighthouse (July 2013)
Pupusa (October 2013)
Freak Your Halls (December 2013)
Where is the Party? (April 2015)
Mother Sister Father Brother (August 2015)

In popular culture
The first single, "Amazing", was featured on the teaser for RuPaul's Drag Race (season 6) which was released on December 9, 2013 and more recently on the 2015 film, The Duff.
"Lighthouse" was featured on the 2014 film, G.B.F., and also on the film's soundtrack.

References

External links
 Official Website
 Homorazzi Article
 MeetsObsession Article
 Nark Article

American musical duos
Electronic music duos
American electronic music groups
American LGBT musicians
Musical groups established in 2009

Hi Fashion


The CA-11 Woomera was a production development of the earlier CA-4 Wackett Bomber prototype, and was an Australian torpedo and dive bomber aircraft that was designed and constructed by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC) during World War II. The order for the Woomera was cancelled before it became operational with the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).

Design and development
In early 1939, the Australian Government ordered large numbers of Bristol Beaufort bombers, with major components to be built in a variety of locations, including railway workshops, and in doing so it by-passed the local aircraft company, the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation.

CAC, under Sir Lawrence Wackett, began work on its own design, hoping to out-perform the Beaufort by building a machine that could serve as both a torpedo-bomber and dive bomber. To keep down weight, Wackett dispensed with traditional self-sealing fuel tanks and opted to make the wing cavities liquid-tight, and thus serve as fuel storage. The Australian Government was initially uninterested in the CAC design. However, in mid-1940, cut off from the supply of British-made components for the Beaufort program (thanks to a British embargo on the export of aviation products, due to the need to maximise British production during the Battle of Britain), the Australian Government ordered a prototype of the CAC design, even before the Royal Australian Air Force had expressed a view about the machine. This prototype CA-4 Wackett Bomber took to the air on 19 September 1941. The CA-4 was a low-wing, twin-engined, multi-role bomber with a crew of three. It was armed with four nose-mounted .303 calibre machine guns and two remote-controlled twin machine-guns barbette mounted at the rear of the engine nacelles. It could carry either  bombs,  bombs or two torpedoes. It was originally powered by two Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp R-1830-S3C3-G radials. Unfortunately, the novel fuel tanks never proved reliable, and in January 1943 the CA-4 prototype was completely destroyed in a mid-air explosion, probably due to a fuel leak.

With a re-designed tail and rudder, and an improved nose armament of two 20 mm cannon and two .303 (7.7 mm) calibre machine guns, the CA-4 became the CA-11 Woomera.

Production
Faced with the crisis caused by the Japanese entry into the war in December 1941, the RAAF accepted the design even before testing was complete, and ordered 105 examples of the CAC bomber on 8 March 1942. However, after the loss of the CA-4 prototype, the redesigned CA-11 did not fly until June 1944. By the time production was due to commence, the dive-bombing concept had fallen into disfavour and the RAAF was filling the light bomber/reconnaissance/strike role with British-designed Bristol Beaufighters (which were being made in Australia by the Department of Aircraft Production); US-made bombers, including the B-25 Mitchell, had also become available. Consequently, the original Woomera order was reduced from 105 to 20. After the first CA-11 flew, the whole program was cancelled and the production capacity set aside for Woomeras at CAC was switched to P-51 Mustang fighters.  The only completed CA-11 Woomera, A23-1, was stripped for parts and scrapped in 1946.

Loss of CA-4
On 15 January 1943, the prototype CA-4 Wackett Bomber, A23-1001, crashed on a test flight to assess powerplant performance and evaluate aerodynamic effects of a new fixed leading edge slat. During the return to the CAC airfield at Fisherman's Bend, the pilot, Squadron Leader Jim Harper, had detected a fuel leak in the port Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engine. As the problem worsened he attempted to shut down the engine, feathering the propeller; however, the actuation of the feathering switch caused an explosion and uncontrollable fire. The three-man crew subsequently attempted evacuation at , yet only Harper succeeded in parachuting free, while the CAC test pilot Jim Carter and power plant group engineer Lionel Dudgeon were both killed. The airframe subsequently impacted  south-west of Kilmore, Victoria. The wreckage was recovered and used for components.

Operators

Royal Australian Air Force

Specifications

See also

Notes

Bibliography
 Ewer, Peter. Wounded Eagle: The Bombing of Darwin and Australia's Air Defence Scandal. Sydney: New Holland, 2009.
 Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft, Volume Seven. London: Macdonald, 1967. .
 Isaacs, Keith. "Wackett's Wonder". Air Enthusiast Quarterly, No. 1, n.d., pp. 52–65.

External links

adf-serials.com, 2003, "ADF Aircraft Serial Numbers RAAF A23 CAC CA-4/CA-11 Woomera"
War Time Plane Crash, Bylands, Vic. 1943

Woomera
1940s Australian bomber aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Australia
Aircraft first flown in 1941
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

CAC Woomera


The monopoly on the legal use of force, monopoly on violence or monopoly on legitimate violence is the property of a polity or government/state that differentiates it for all over organizations in a given territory. This monopoly upholds a government's sovereignty and jurisdiction and makes it the only organization that can legally imprison, tax, etc. Without such coercion, a state ceases to be a state. The social contract theory suggests a government's monopoly on the legal use of force is derived from the consent of the governed.

Violence
Political philosophy

Monopoly on violence


Sun Haven Studios was a movie company located on Weedon Island in St. Petersburg, Florida during the early 1930s. It produced only 3 movies: Playthings of Desire (1933), Hired Wife (1934) and Chloe (1934). All of the lead actors were minor players from Hollywood.

In addition to these three productions, the company had several adaptations from popular novels in development, including The Mad Dancer, Ermine and Rhinestones, Wings of Pride, Her Indiscretion and Madonnas and Men. Buster Keaton did come to the studios to work on revitalizing his career but left before making any movies. The studio was closed shortly thereafter.

In late 1933, pulp writer Eustace L. Adams, who wintered in the St. Petersburg area, was working on a script for the Sun Haven film Gambler's Throw, based on his 1930 Argosy magazine serial.

References

Mass media companies established in 1933
Mass media companies disestablished in 1934
Defunct American film studios
Film production companies of the United States
1933 establishments in Florida
1934 disestablishments in Florida

Sun Haven Studios


Meridian (BH 250) is a bronze sculpture by British artist Barbara Hepworth.  It is an early example of her public commissions, commissioned for State House, a new 16-storey office block constructed at 66–71 High Holborn, London, in the early 1960s.  The sculpture was made in 1958–59, and erected in 1960.  When the building was demolished in 1990, the sculpture was sold and moved to the Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens in Purchase, New York.

The sculpture resembles a distorted spiral with ribbons of bronze forming triangular loops.  Hepworth intended the fluid lines of the sculpture to contrast with the rigidity of the building's rectilinear architecture.  The title of the work refers either to an imaginary line of longitude (like the Greenwich meridian), or to the highest point reached by the Sun.  It was influenced by Tachism, a French style of abstract art, and it may have been inspired by a work titled 1953, August 11 (meridian) painted a few years before by Hepworth's former second husband, the artist Ben Nicholson.

Earlier in her career, Hepworth preferred to work directly in wood and stone, but from the mid-1950s she started to work more indirectly in bronze using preparatory models.  In 1958, Lilian Somerville of the British Council was organising an exhibition at the São Paulo Art Biennial in late 1959 (where Hepworth would win the Grand Prix).  Somerville suggested Hepworth to the architect Harold Mortimer from Trehearne & Norman Preston & Partners responsible for State House; he had been considering other sculptors, including Lynn Chadwick.  Mortimer commissioned Hepworth to create a sculpture to fill a space near the main entrance of the new building.

She made a first maquette – a plaster model (BH 245) – and then a second maquette – Maquette (Variation on a Theme) (BH 247) – each of which was later cast in bronze in an edition of 9.  She moved on to a one-third scale model, Garden Sculpture (Model for Meridian) (BH 246),  high, made using an armature of expanded aluminium covered with plaster, cast in an edition of 6 by Morris Singer in 1960.  Finally, from 1958, she constructed a full-size armature in wood at Lanham's Sale Rooms near her Trewyn Studio in St Ives, Cornwall, which was covered with plaster by early 1959.  A unique example was cast in bronze in several pieces and then assembled at the Susse Frères foundry in Paris later in 1959, and erected in London in 1960, standing in front of a curved guarding wall of Cornish granite beside the main entrance to State House.  The full-size sculpture stands  high (46 metres).  It was unveiled in March 1960 by Sir Philip Hendy, then Director of the National Gallery.

Hepworth made relatively little profit on the unique full-size sculpture, defrayed by selling bronzes of the maquettes, but the success of the sculpture led to the commission for Winged Figure, still displayed outside the John Lewis building in Oxford Street.

When State House was demolished in 1990 to make way for MidCity Place, the sculpture was sold and moved to the Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens at the world headquarters of PepsiCo in Purchase, New York (which also has an example of her 1970 sculpture Family of Man).

References
 Meridian, barbarahepworth.org.uk
 Maquette for State House (Meridian), Christie's, 6 June 2008
 Maquette for State House (Meridian), Christie's, 5 May 2011
 Maquette for State House (Meridian), Sotheby's, 15 November 2011
 Maquette for State House (Meridian), Christie's, 17 November 2011
 Garden Sculpture (Model for Meridian) 1958, Tate Gallery
 Variations on a Theme, British Council
 Maquette (Variation on a Theme), Christie's, 12 December 2012
 Maquette (Variation on a Theme), Sotheby's, 1 April 2014

1960 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in New York (state)
Sculptures by Barbara Hepworth

Meridian (Hepworth)


Salem Tavern is a historic museum property at 800 South Main Street in Old Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina. It was a tavern in the 18th-century town of Salem, which is now part of Winston-Salem. The tavern is owned by Old Salem Museums & Gardens and open as an Old Salem tour building to visitors. Built in 1784 and enlarged in 1815, it was the first entirely brick building in what is now Old Salem, and is one of the oldest surviving brick tavern buildings in the United States. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

Description
The Salem Tavern is located on the west side of South Main Street, between Blum and East Walnut Streets. It consists of two separate buildings, one brick and one wood frame. Both are  stories in height, and have gabled roofs. The brick building is set on a raised foundation, with a single-story shed-roof porch extending across the front, supported by square posts and accessed from the sidewalk by side-facing stairs. The front portion of the building houses public rooms on the ground floor, and sleeping quarters for guests above, with the kitchen and landlord's quarters in an ell to the rear. The adjacent wood-frame building housed additional sleeping quarters.

History
Constructed on the foundations of an earlier 1771 Tavern which burnt to the ground in 1784, the Salem Tavern was quickly rebuilt, because it formed an important function in the Moravian Church community which was a trade town. Constructed by mason Johann Gottlob Krause using bricks already on hand for another building, the Tavern reopened quickly. The Tavern complex was later expanded by the construction of a wooden building to the north in 1815, then a building connected the two was constructed in 1832. A two-story porch was run across the three buildings in 1838, but has since been removed. The Tavern was the lodgings for George Washington for two nights during his Southern Tour in 1791.

The Tavern and adjacent 1815 building have been restored to their original appearances.

Gallery

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places listings in Forsyth County, North Carolina

References

Sources
Old Salem: The Official Guidebook. Penelope Niven and Cornelia Wright. Old Salem Inc.: Winston-Salem, NC. 2000.

External links

Historic American Buildings Survey in North Carolina
Moravian settlement in North Carolina
National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina
Commercial buildings completed in 1784
Buildings and structures in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Museums in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Historic district contributing properties in North Carolina

Salem Tavern


Chancho en Piedra is a Chilean funk rock band, considered influential in the popularization of alternative rock in Latin America. They are commonly described as similar to the Red Hot Chili Peppers, but are also known for their unique sound and goofy style. Their participation in community related events - playing benefits for the Chilean National Commission of Scientific and Technological Investigation and contributing songs to the popular Chilean children's puppet show 31 Minutos - and their proliferation as artists - having released 11 albums since their debut in 1995 - has gained them widespread familiarity. Their popularity has spread not only in Latin America but internationally as well, allowing them to perform at Memphis' Beale Street Music Festival in May 2009.

Discography

Studio albums
Peor es mascar lauchas (1995)
 La dieta del lagarto (1997).
 Ríndanse terrícolas (1998)
 Marca Chancho (2000)
 El tinto elemento (2002)
 Chancho 6 (CD & DVD) (2004)
 Desde el Batiscafo (2005)
 Grandes éxitos de ayer y oink! (2007)
 Grandes videos de ayer y oink!(DVD) (2008)
 Cantata Rock Santa Maria De Iquique (2009)
 Combo Show (2009)
 Otra cosa es con guitarra (2011)
 Funkybarítico, Hedónico, Fantástico (2016)

Compilation albums
Grandes éxitos de ayer y oink! (2007)
Grandes videos de ayer y oink! (2008)

References

Chilean rock music groups

Chancho en Piedra


The Client (1993) is a legal thriller written by American author John Grisham, set mostly in Memphis, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana. It is Grisham's fourth novel.

Plot
Boyd Boyette, a United States Senator from Louisiana, goes missing. Because of his vocal opposition to a proposed major toxic landfill project by a company known to be Mafia-backed, murder is suspected. But no body can be found and Roy Foltrigg, United States Attorney in New Orleans, is desperate for a suspect. Barry "The Blade" Muldanno, a well-known thug and nephew of Johnny Sulari, acting boss of the New Orleans crime family is suspected. The FBI stalk Muldanno, hoping he'll lead them to the body.

Eleven-year-old Mark Sway, his younger brother Ricky, and their divorced mother Dianne live in a trailer park in Memphis. Mark and Ricky are smoking cigarettes in the woods near their home, when they encounter a man trying to commit suicide by piping exhaust fumes into his car. Trying to remove the hose, Mark is grabbed by the man and forced into the car. The man, under the influence of drugs and alcohol, reveals himself to be lawyer Jerome Clifford. Clifford tells Mark that he is about to kill himself to avoid being murdered by Muldanno, who has revealed to him the location of Boyette's body. Mark manages to escape, and Clifford then shoots himself.

Ricky becomes catatonic after witnessing the suicide and is hospitalized. Authorities—and the Mob—suspect that Clifford may have told Mark where the body is.

At the hospital, the FBI urgently want to talk to Mark. Street-smart beyond his years, he realizes that he will need a lawyer. By coincidence, he meets Regina "Reggie" Love, a lawyer specializing in child abuse cases, who agrees to represent him for a token retainer of one dollar. Reggie suspects that Mark has not told her the complete story, including the location of the body.

Two Mafia operatives, Bono and Pirini, are dispatched from New Orleans to Memphis to see what Mark knows; they hire local "security specialists," Nance and Sisson, to snoop at the hospital. Reggie represents Mark in an interview with the FBI, knowing that she does not have the full story. Roaming the hospital, Mark is cornered and threatened by Nance that he'll kill him if he talks.

Foltrigg, a glory-seeking lawyer with political aspirations, known as "Reverend Roy" because of his penchant for preaching to juries, arrives at the offices of George Ord, the United States attorney in Memphis, where he is less than welcome. Foltrigg and his staff plot methods to get Mark to reveal where the body is hidden, and also plot to get Reggie into court, hoping to pierce attorney-client confidentiality, assuming that Reggie actually knows the location of the body.

The FBI apply to Harry Roosevelt, a judge of the Juvenile Court, to arrange Mark's detention for his own protection. This is reluctantly approved by Roosevelt and Mark is arrested in the hospital room where Ricky is recovering.

Mark and Reggie appear before the judge, but, scared out of his wits, Mark "takes the Fifth" and refuses to reveal what he knows. He is returned to detention, and after faking a medical condition, is taken to the hospital, from which he escapes, eventually taking refuge with Reggie. The Sway family trailer is burned to the ground by Bono and Pirini; the family now have no home and little else.

Dianne loses her job in a minimum-wage sweatshop, but Reggie threatens the company president with a lawsuit, on condition that they keep sending her paycheck and fresh flowers to the hospital.

K. O. Lewis, Deputy Director of the FBI, is drawn into the case. He proposes a deal—if Mark reveals the location of the body, they will place the Sway family in the witness protection program.

Reggie and Mark drive to Clifford's house at the same time as Muldanno's accomplices. They start to dig up the body, which is buried under concrete in Clifford's boat shed, but a melee follows and they flee. Mark and Reggie discover the body and then also flee.

The deal is done and the Sway family agrees to enter witness protection. A special hospital is located to take Ricky; after his recovery, they will be moved elsewhere. As soon as the family flies off in an FBI plane, Reggie reveals the location of the body to the FBI.

Critical reception
The Chicago Tribune wrote that "the pace is plodding and because the book never gathers any momentum, it seems painfully overlong." Kirkus Reviews wrote that the book "opens with a neat hook into the reader's jaw- -and the tension never wavers."

Adaptations

A 1994 film based on the novel was directed by Joel Schumacher and starred Susan Sarandon, Tommy Lee Jones, Mary-Louise Parker, and newcomer Brad Renfro. The film was released on July 20, 1994.

For her work in the film, Susan Sarandon was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and Renfro won for an YoungStar Awards and Young Artist Awards.

The film was so successful that it spawned a television series of the same name, starring JoBeth Williams and John Heard. It ran for one season (1995–1996).

References

1993 American novels
American novels adapted into films
American novels adapted into television shows
Legal thriller novels
Novels by John Grisham
Novels set in courtrooms
Novels set in Memphis, Tennessee
Novels set in New Orleans
Works about witness protection

The Client (novel)


The thread snake or the slender blind snake (Leptotyphlops carlae) is the smallest known snake. They can be found in North America, South America, Asia and Africa.

They live in places like rainforests and dry areas like deserts, and are known to appear near ant and termite nests. This is the main source of their diet. Thread snakes lay eggs.

Snakes

Thread snake


A grow shop or growshop is a retail store that sells equipment and supplies for growing plants indoors. Types include stores selling hydroponic systems for horticulture, and those devoted to cannabis cultivation.

History
In the 1950s, marijuana became very popular amongst the college community of the United States and in the following decade grow shops were established to provide cannabis cultivation related products. Starting in the 1980s in Europe, with the proliferation of legal cannabis cultivation enthusiasts by home growers across several countries, like The Netherlands and later in Spain, a nearly new business was born in order to supply those market and the term "grow shop" was also adopted by them to refer to shops which sell cannabis cultivation products, including cannabis seeds. Grow shop is another terminology for stores which exclusively sell hydroponics systems and products.

Products and supplies
In a grow shop there are products for indoor growing of plants, including: lamps/light bulbs, ventilation fans, pollinators, pots, fertilizers, and many other products for indoor and outdoor growing. Typically, grow shops or hydroponic stores do not sell drug paraphernalia or anything relating to drugs like cannabis seeds. Some grow shops may sell books on cannabis cultivation. In a broad sense, the designation "grow shop" may refer to any shop which sells the equipment and supplies to grow indoors; this may range from hydroponic cultivation of vegetables to cannabis cultivation. The latter supplies (though with less variety than at a grow shop) may also be sold at a head shop, a counterculture retail store that sells drug paraphernalia and drug-related clothes and decorating items.

See also
 Growroom

References

External links

Cannabis cultivation
Hydroponics
Retailers by type of merchandise sold

Grow shop


Dev Anand (born Dharamdev Pishorimal Anand; 26 September 1923 – 3 December 2011) was an Indian actor, writer, director and producer known for his work in Hindi cinema. Anand is considered as one of the greatest and most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema. Through a career that spanned over six decades, he worked in more than 100 films. Anand is a recipient of four Filmfare Awards, including two for Best Actor. The Government of India honored him with Padma Bhushan, Indian third highest civilian honour in 2001 and with Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002.

In 1946, Anand debuted with a lead role in Prabhat Films's  Hum Ek Hain, a film about Hindu-Muslim unity. He had his first hit in Ziddi (1948) and gained widespread recognition with the superhit Baazi (1951), which is regarded as the forerunner of the spate of "Bombay Noir" films that followed in Bollywood in the 1950s. In later years, he starred in many successful films such as Jaal (1952), Taxi Driver (1954), Insaniyat (1955), Munimji (1955), C.I.D. (1956), Pocket Maar (1956), Funtoosh (1956), Paying Guest (1957), Kala Pani (1958) and Kala Bazar (1960). Anand acquired a romantic image with films such as Manzil (1960), Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai (1961), Hum Dono (1961), Asli-Naqli (1962) and Tere Ghar Ke Samne (1963).

The 1965 film Guide marked a major milestone in Anand's career. Based on the novel by R. K. Narayan, it became a highly successful movie; and was entered for Best Foreign Language Film at the 38th Academy Awards. He reunited with Vijay Anand for the movie Jewel Thief (1967), based on the thriller genre, it emerged a big hit at the box office. In the 70s, he forayed into direction with espionage drama Prem Pujari. Throughout the 70s and 80s, he starred in many box office hits such as  (1970), which was highest grosser of the year, Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971), Banarasi Babu (1973), Heera Panna (1973), Amir Garib (1974), Warrant (1975), Des Pardes (1978), Lootmaar (1980), Swami Dada (1982), Hum Naujawan (1985) and Lashkar (1989). The 2011 film Chargesheet was Anand's final film.

Anand's fast dialogue delivery and unique nodding style became the trademarks of his acting in movies. His style was often copied by other actors. Many of Dev Anand's films explored his cultural viewpoint of the world and often highlighted many socially relevant topics. Anand won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the films Kala Pani and Guide. Anand was married to actress Kalpana Kartik, with whom he had two children, including Suneil Anand.

Early life and family
Anand was born Dharamdev Pishorimal Anand on 26 September 1923 in the Shakargarh tehsil of the Gurdaspur district in Punjab.  His father Pishori Lal Anand was a well-to-do advocate in Gurdaspur District Court. Dev was the third of four sons born to Anand. One of Dev's younger sisters Sheel Kanta Kapur, is the mother of film director Shekhar Kapur. His older brothers were Manmohan Anand (Advocate, Gurdaspur Dist. Court), Chetan Anand and Vijay Anand. He did his schooling till matriculation from Sacred Heart School, Dalhousie (then in Punjab), and went to Government College Dharamshala before going to Lahore to study. Later Dev completed a B.A. degree in English Literature from the Government College, Lahore in British India.

Part of the Anand family, he co-founded Navketan Films in 1949 with his elder brother Chetan Anand.

Career
After completing his BA degree in English literature from the Government College, Lahore (then in British India). Anand left his hometown for Bombay in the early 1940s. He began his career in the military censor's office at Churchgate, for a monthly salary of Rs. 65. Later, he worked as a clerk in an accounting firm for a salary of Rs. 85. He joined his older brother, Chetan, as a member of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA). Anand aspired to become a performer after seeing Ashok Kumar's performance in films such as Achhut Kanya and Kismet. Anand quoted in an interview that "I remember when I gate-crashed into the office of the man who gave me the first break, he kept looking at me – Babu Rao Pai of Prabhat Film Studios. At that time he made up his mind that this boy deserves a break and later mentioned to his people that 'this boy struck me because of his smile and beautiful eyes and his tremendous confidence.'" Then he was soon offered the lead role in Prabhat Films' Hum Ek Hain (1946), a film about Hindu-Muslim unity, where Dev Anand played a Hindu boy and was paired opposite Kamala Kotnis. While shooting the film in Pune, Anand befriended the actor Guru Dutt. Between them, they agreed that if one of them were to become successful in the film industry, he would help the other also to be successful. They formed a mutual understanding that when Anand produced a film, Dutt would direct it and when Dutt directed a film, Anand would act in it.

Late 1940s and romance with Suraiya
In the late 1940s, Anand was offered a few roles starring as the male lead opposite singer-actress Suraiya in woman-oriented films.  While shooting these films, they became romantically involved. The two of them were paired in many films: Vidya (1948), Jeet (1949),  (1949),  (1950), Nili (1950), Sanam and Do Sitare (1951). In these films, Suraiya was always the first biller in the credits, indicating that she was a bigger star than Anand. She fell in love with him during the shooting of the song Kinare Kinare Chale Jayen Ge from the film Vidya— while shooting the scene, the boat they were in capsized, and Anand saved Suraiya from drowning. Initially, Suraiya's family used to welcome Anand at home, but when her maternal grandmother found out that the two were in love, and even planned an actual marriage on the set of Jeet, she started monitoring them. The two shared love letters and messages through their co-actors, like Durga Khote and Kamini Kaushal, who went out of their way to engineer secret rendezvous. During the shooting of the film  (1950), Anand finally proposed to Suraiya and gave her a diamond ring worth Rs 3,000. Her maternal grandmother opposed the relationship as they were Muslim and Anand was Hindu, so, Suraiya remained unmarried. They stopped acting together after her grandmother opposed their partnership, and Do Sitare was the last film in which they appeared together. Although the films he starred in with Suraiya had been successful, the producers and directors of those films attributed their success to the acting prowess and screen presence of Suraiya. Anand began looking for an opportunity to play the main male lead in a film where his acting skills could be demonstrated, so as to dispel scepticism about his acting abilities.

Dev Anand often spoke about Suraiya and his love affair with her, in various interviews, he gave to film magazines, such as Stardust (June 1972 issue), Star & Style (Feb 1987 issue) and TV to Karan Thapar for BBC (2002), while both were alive and after Suraiya's death in interviews given on TV to Simi Garewal (Rendezvous with Simi Garewal) and others on TV and for news magazines.

Break and the 1950s stardom

Anand was offered his first big break by Ashok Kumar. He spotted Anand hanging around in the studios and picked him as the hero for the Bombay Talkies production Ziddi (1948), co-starring Kamini Kaushal, which became an instant success. After Ziddis success, Anand decided that he would start producing films. It was in the film Ziddi, that the first ever Kishore-Lata duet, "Yeh Kaun Aaya Karke Yeh Sola Singhar",  was recorded. This duet was an instant hit, and from here on both playback singers' associations with Dev Anand began. This continued for the next four decades. His association with Kishore Kumar started when the former sang the first solo of his playback singing career – "Marne Ki Duayen" – picturized on Dev Anand in the movie Ziddi. Dev had forged a very strong bond of friendship with Kishore Kumar during the making of the film. In 1949, he launched his own company Navketan Films (named after his elder brother Chetan's son Ketan and which means "New Banner"), which, as of 2011, has produced 35 films. Nirala (1950), a commercial success, saw him being paired opposite Madhubala for the first time, with whom he would later form a popular pair.

Dev chose Guru Dutt as director for the crime thriller, Baazi (1951). The film, starring Dev Anand, Geeta Bali, and Kalpana Kartik was a trendsetter, regarded as the forerunner of the spate of urban crime films that followed in Bollywood in the 1950s. The film Baazi saw the debut of Kalpana Kartik (aka Mona Singha) as the lead female actress and Guru Dutt as a director. The collaboration was a success at the box office and the duo of Dev Anand and Kalpana Kartik were offered many films to star in together. They signed all the film offers and subsequently the movies Aandhiyan (1952), Taxi Driver (1954), House No. 44 (1955) and Nau Do Gyarah (1957) went on to become big hits too. During the making of the film Taxi Driver, the couple fell in love and Dev proposed marriage to his heroine Kalpana. In 1954, Taxi Driver was declared a hit and the two decided to marry in a quiet ceremony. The couple had a son, Suneil Anand in 1956 and later a daughter, Devina, was born. After her marriage, Kalpana decided not to pursue her acting career further. Nau Do Gyarah was the couple's last movie together.

A rapid-fire style of dialogue delivery and a penchant for nodding while speaking became Dev's style in films such as Baazi (1951), Jaal (1952), House No. 44 (1955), Pocket Maar (1956), Munimji (1955), Funtoosh (1956), C.I.D. (1956) and Paying Guest (1957).  In the 1950s his films were of the mystery genre or light comedy love stories or were films with social relevance such as Ek Ke Baad Ek (1959) and Funtoosh (1956). His style was lapped up by the audience and was widely imitated. He starred in a string of box office successes for the remainder of the 1950s opposite newcomer Waheeda Rehman in C.I.D. (1956), Solva Saal (1958), Kala Bazar (1960) and Baat Ek Raat Ki (1962). Waheeda first became a star when C.I.D became a hit. In 1955, he co-starred with Dilip Kumar in the blockbuster actioner Insaniyat. With his acting in the box office success Kala Pani (1958) opposite Madhubala and Nalini Jaywant, as the son who is willing to go to any lengths to clear his framed father's name, he won his first Filmfare award for Best Actor for the film. He attempted films of tragic genre occasionally, such as Pocket Maar (1956), Kala Pani (1958), Bombai Ka Baboo (1960) and Sharabi (1964) and tasted success with them. Dev also played a few characters with a negative shade, as in Jaal (1952) where he played a smuggler, then as an absconding gang member in Dushman (1957), and as a black marketer in Kala Bazar. Apart from his pairing with Suraiya and Kalpana Kartik, his pairing with Nutan, Waheeda Rehman and Geeta Bali was popular among the audiences in the late 50s and 60s. His films Rahi (1952) and Aandhiyan (1952), were screened along with Raj Kapoor's Awaara. From the early fifties till the mid-sixties, the trio of actors Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor, and Anand ruled the roost.

Romantic hero image in the 1960s
In the sixties, Dev Anand acquired a romantic image with films such as Manzil and Tere Ghar Ke Samne with Nutan, Kinare Kinare with Meena Kumari, Maya with Mala Sinha, Asli-Naqli with Sadhana Shivdasani, Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai, Mahal with Asha Parekh and Teen Deviyaan opposite three heroines Kalpana, Simi Garewal and Nanda. In the film Teen Deviyaan, Dev Anand played a playboy. One of his notable films of the early sixties was Hum Dono (1961) which he produced and acted in, as Anand, a young lover who joins the army in frustration over being shunned by the father of his love Meeta (played by Sadhana Shivdasani). Anand played a double role in the film, also acting as Major Varma, his look-alike who he runs into in the army and forms a deep friendship. Notable for its music by Jaidev, the film was a box office hit.

His first colour film, Guide with Waheeda Rehman was based on the novel of the same name by R. K. Narayan. Dev Anand himself was the impetus for making the film version of the book. He met and persuaded Narayan to give his assent to the project. Dev Anand tapped his friends in Hollywood to launch an Indo-US co-production that was shot in Hindi and English simultaneously and was released in 1965. Guide, directed by younger brother Vijay Anand, was an acclaimed movie. Dev played Raju, a voluble guide, who supports Rosy (Waheeda) in her bid for freedom.  He is not above thoughtlessly exploiting her for personal gains. Combining style with substance, he gave an affecting performance as a man grappling with his emotions in his passage through love, shame, and salvation.

He reunited with Vijay Anand for the movie Jewel Thief (1967), based on the thriller genre which featured Vyjayanthimala, Tanuja, Anju Mahendru, Faryal and Helen and was very successful. Their next collaboration,  (1970), again a thriller, in which Dev was paired opposite Hema Malini was a huge blockbuster. It was Johnny Mera Naam which made Hema Malini a big star.

In 1969, he was a member of the jury at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.

Directorial debut and versatility in the 1970s

His directorial debut, the espionage drama Prem Pujari, was a flop but has developed a cult following over the years. The film introduced Zaheeda and had Waheeda Rehman as the female lead. He tasted success with his 1971 directorial effort, Hare Rama Hare Krishna, shot primarily in Nepal around Swyambhunath, and Bhaktapur, in which talks about the prevalent hippie culture. His find Zeenat Aman, who played the mini-skirt sporting, pot-smoking Janice, became an overnight sensation. Dev also became known as a filmmaker of trenchantly topical themes. The same year, he starred with Mumtaz in Tere Mere Sapne, an adaptation of A. J. Cronin's novel, The Citadel. The film was directed by Dev's brother, Vijay, and was also successful. In 1971 he paired again with Zaheeda in Gambler which went on to become a success.

In the 1970s, Raj Kapoor started playing roles of father in films such as Kal Aaj Aur Kal in 1971 and Dharam Karam in 1974 and had put on a lot of weight and films with Dilip Kumar as a lead hero like Dastaan and Bairaag were failures at the box office. Some of the hurriedly made films with Dev Anand as the leading man—two each opposite Hema Malini – Shareef Badmaash, Joshila and two with Zeenat Aman – Ishk Ishk Ishk, Prem Shastra and Saheb Bahadur with Priya Rajvansh — became flops and posed a threat to his career as a leading man. He bounced back with the double-role film Banarasi Babu in 1973. He delivered commercial hits again with young heroines like with Sharmila Tagore in Yeh Gulistan Hamara (1972), with Yogeeta Bali and Raakhee in Banarasi Babu (1973), with Hema Malini in Chhupa Rustam (1973) and Amir Garib (1974), with Zeenat Aman in Heera Panna (1973), Warrant (1975), Kalabaaz (1977) and Darling Darling (1977) and with Parveen Babi in Bullet (1976). The presence of his discoveries in the 1970s—Zeenat, and later Tina Munim, in films and his good on-screen chemistry with beautiful young stars such as Raakhee, Parveen Babi, Hema Malini and Zeenat Aman in various films boosted Dev's image as the evergreen star even though he was well into his fifties. He attempted different genres of films to acquire versatile hero images.  He was already 55 when he was paired with Tina Munim in 1978 in Des Pardes, which became among the top five-grossing films of the year.

Political activism during the Emergency in the late 1970s
Dev Anand has also been politically active. He led a group of film personalities who stood up against the Internal Emergency imposed by the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. He actively campaigned against her with his supporters in the Indian parliamentary elections in 1977. He also formed a party called the National Party of India, which he later disbanded.

Later career and an evergreen hero
The 1978 hit Des Pardes, directed by Dev Anand was the debut movie of actress Tina Munim and this film's success gave him the tag of the Evergreen Star. Dev Anand was offered the lead role in Man Pasand by director Basu Chatterjee. Dev Anand's successful run at the box office continued in the 1980s with Man Pasand, Lootmaar (both opposite Tina Munim), and Swami Dada (1982), all being critically acclaimed and box office hits.

Though Dev Anand's demand as the lead hero had not decreased even in the 1980s, he decided that it was the right time to introduce his son Suneil Anand in films as the hero. He launched his son in the Kramer vs. Kramer-inspired Anand Aur Anand (1984), which was produced and directed by Dev Anand himself and had music by R.D. Burman. He expected the film to do well, but the film was a box office disaster, and Suneil Anand decided not to act in films anymore.

But films with Dev Anand as the lead hero in Hum Naujawan (1985) and Lashkar (1989) continued to be box office successes and were appreciated by critics. He was already 60 years old in 1983 when he acted opposite Christine O'Neil and alongside Rati Agnihotri and Padmini Kolhapure in Swami Dada. In 1989, his directorial venture Sachche ka Bolbala was released. Though critically acclaimed, it was a commercial failure. His performance as Professor Anand in the 1989 film Lashkar was widely appreciated and was a major success at the box office. Lashkar was his last hit film in the lead role in 1989, with him neither producer nor director of the film.

He directed Pyar Ka Tarana in 1993, without casting himself in any role. His directorial movie Gangster (1995) had a controversial nude rape scene of an unknown actress, though the movie was released uncut. He received offers to star in the lead roles outside of his home banners in films like Return of Jewel Thief and Aman Ke Farishtey but the former was not successful at the box office and the latter wasn't released in 1993 though the film was fully ready to be released.

Since 1992, seven of his directorial ventures were box office failures. His films Sau Crore (1991) and Censor (2000) were critically acclaimed.

His last film Chargesheet (2011) was panned by critics across the board and was a box office flop.

He also starred in English films such as The Evil Within (1970), where he was paired opposite Vietnamese actress Kieu Chinh and Zeenat Aman and Guide (English Version). The English language film The Evil Within was a 20th-Century Fox production that couldn't get the nod from the concerned authorities due to its parallel track dealing with opium selling and thus the Indian viewers were deprived of this American venture. Of the 114 Hindi films, he appeared in, over 6 decades, Kahin Aur Chal (1968) had a delayed release in the early 1970s and the multi-starrer film Ek Do Teen Chaar (1980) remained unreleased and Shrimanji (1968) had him in a guest appearance.  By 2011, he had the second most solo lead roles in Hindi films— 92, with Rajesh Khanna having the record for the most films as the solo lead hero in Hindi films – 106.

Production
Dev Anand has produced 35 films. Of the 35 films he produced, 18 were commercially successful at the box office. He wrote the stories for 13 of his films. Anand's films are well known for their hit songs. He is known to have been an active participant in the music sessions of a number of his films. His association with music composers Shankar-Jaikishen, O. P. Nayyar, Kalyanji-Anandji, Sachin Dev Burman and his son Rahul Dev Burman, lyricists Hasrat Jaipuri, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Gopaldas Neeraj, Shailendra, Anand Bakshi, and playback singers Kishore Kumar, Mohammed Rafi and Hemant Kumar produced some very popular songs. Guru Dutt, Kishore Kumar, Mohammed Rafi, Pran, Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Sunil Dutt, Nargis, Vyjayanthimala, S.D. Burman, Shammi Kapoor and R.D. Burman were his closest friends from the film industry.

Anand is credited with giving actors such as Zarina Wahab in Ishq Ishq Ishq, Jackie Shroff in Swami Dada (1982), Tabu in Hum Naujawan and Richa Sharma (Sanjay Dutt's first wife) a break in the film industry, discovering Zeenat Amaan, Tina Munim and encouraging music composer Rajesh Roshan. Amit Khanna started his career with Navketan as executive producer in 1971 and had been secretary to Dev Anand in the 1970s. He adds, "The uniqueness of Navketan today is that it's the only film company in the world still run by the one who started it." Shatrughan Sinha disclosed in an interview that it was Dev Anand who gave him a break in films by giving him a role in Prem Pujari and since Dev had given Sinha a very small role in that film, he compensated for it by giving Sinha another role in his next film Gambler. Sinha quoted: "Later on we worked together in Sharif Badmash and it was really a privilege to work with him". It was under Dev Anand's Navketan Banner where Guru Dutt, Raj Khosla, Waheeda Rehman, S.D. Burman, Jaidev, Sahir Ludhianvi, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Yash Johar, Shekhar Kapur and Kabir Bedi were given breaks into Hindi films and Dev launched actors Zaheera, Zaheeda Hussain, Zarina Wahab, Natasha Sinha, Ekta Sohini and Sabrina.

Personal life

Anand had a love affair with actress Suraiya from 1948 to 1951. Anand nicknamed Suraiya "Nosey", while to Suraiya, Dev Anand was "Steve", a name chosen from a book Dev Anand had given her. Suraiya also called Anand "Devina" and he called her "Suraiyana", while faking an Italian accent. During the shooting of Jeet (1949), both Anand and Suraiya, had made plans for marriage and elopement, but were unsuccessful due to the opposition from Suraiya's maternal grandmother and maternal uncle. In the 'Star and Style' interview, Suraiya said that she gave in only when both her grandmother and her maternal uncle threatened to get Dev Anand killed. Suraiya and Anand were stopped from acting together after their last film in 1951 by her grandmother. Suraiya remained unmarried throughout her life till she died on 31 January 2004.

Anand was broken after the relationship ended. In 1954, Dev married Kalpana Kartik, an actress from Shimla, in a private marriage during the shooting of the film Taxi Driver. They have two children, son Suneil Anand, born 1956 and daughter Devina Anand.

Reception and legacy

Anand is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. Anand is noted for his charm, diverse roles and handsome face. One of the highest paid actors from 1950s to early 1970s, Anand appeared in Box Office Indias "Top Actors" list sixteen times, (1948, 1951-1963, 1970-1971). In 2022, he was placed in Outlook Indias "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list. Anand was placed seventh among the "Greatest Bollywood Stars" in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema in 2013. He was a part of "Trinity – The Golden Trio" (along with Raj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar).

Anand was widely known as the "first fashion icon" of Bollywood. He made fashion statement with his scarves, mufflers and jackets and his singnature puff. Many film actors and fashion designers have taken inspiration from Anand. Filmfare place him third in its "Bollywood's most stylish men" list. After the film Kaala Paani, there was a period when Anand did not wear black in public. In September 2007, Dev Anand's autobiography Romancing with Life was released at a birthday party with the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. In February 2011, his 1961 black-and-white film Hum Dono was digitised, colourised and re-released.

Devesh Sharma of Filmfare termed him a "debonair hero" and noted, "His true matinee idol good looks, suave demeanour and charismatic screen presence made his fans swoon every time he came on screen." Subhash K. Jha of Firstpost called him the "most easygoing superstar cinema has ever known" and said, "Dev Anand symbolized the most dazzling bastion of Hindi cinema. He was flamboyant, debonair, mischievous and romantic." Shekhar Gupta of The Print said, "Nobody could match Dev Anand for style." He added, "Many of his films were ahead of his time. But you always walked out of the sultry small-town hall copying Dev Anand's leaning-tower gait, his mannerism, and always hummed his songs." Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Anand on his "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted, "For almost five decades Anand has continued to fascinate his fans with his never-say-die spirit and flamboyance. He is one actor for whom time has had the courtesy to stand still." Saibal Chatterjee of The Tribune noted, "There is nobody quite like Dev Anand. A timeless Bollywood icon, an eternal dreamer and a man of action, his creative life has never known anything akin to a full stop."

Comparison with Gregory Peck
Anand was often compared to the famous hollywood actor Gregory Peck the world over, Dev Anand said that he didn't feel ecstatic hearing the tag line bestowed on him in his heyday. "When you are at an impressionable age you make idols, but when you grow out of the phase, you develop your own persona. I don't want to be known as India's Gregory Peck, I am Dev Anand". Acquainted with the Bollywood actor, Peck's personal interactions with him spanned four to five long meetings in Europe and Mumbai.

Dev Anand and Suraiya met Peck for the first time at Bombay's Willingdon Club, after the Filmfare Awards in 1954. He knew of the "Indian Star" as an actor, more so probably because his romance with Suraiya was grabbing the headlines. The second time they met was in Rome when Dev Anand was on his way back from the Venice Film Festival, and they exchanged pleasantries. The third meeting was in London on the set of Moby Dick. However, Suraiya asked for an exclusive meeting with her idol at her house. Though Anand says jealousy was natural for anyone in love, he didn't mind that he was not invited. "I didn't quite feel anything. It wasn't as if they were going to fall in love or make love. Even if they would have, it wouldn't have mattered. I was mature enough. Moreover, he wasn't my rival. I too was a big star by then," says Anand.

Death
Dev Anand died in his room at The Washington Mayfair Hotel in London at the age of 88 on 3 December 2011 of a cardiac arrest. His death came just two months after the release of his last film Chargesheet, which he directed and produced. Anand was reportedly in London for a medical checkup at the time of his death. On 10 December, his funeral service was held at a small chapel in London after which his coffin was taken to the Putney Vale Crematorium in southwest London. His ashes were returned to India for immersion burial in the Godavari River.

Filmography

Honors and tributes

On the occasion of 100 years of Indian cinema, a postage stamp bearing his image and likeness was released by India Post to honor him on 3 May 2013. In Anand's honor, a brass statue was unveiled at Walk of the Stars at Bandra Bandstand, along with his autograph, in February 2013.

Several actors have been inspired by Anand's work and fondly remembers him. Actor Rajesh Khanna called him his "inspiration" and said, "I was an ardent admirer of Dev Anand from my teens. I was highly inspired by his acting style. Dev Anand was my inspiration, my idol." Actress Mala Sinha said, "Devsaab was the romantic idol of Indian youth. He paired successfully opposite every leading lady of his period." Talking about his stardom, actress Asha Parekh said, "The only stardom I've seen seem that is comparable with Rajesh Khanna is Dev Anand. Deewane the fans Dev Saab ke." ("Fans were crazy about Dev Anand")

Various film festivals have given tribute to Dev Anand. In 2011, Bengaluru International Film Festival and in 2023, Kolkata International Film Festival organised event and screened Anand's films. A three-day weekend retrospective of five of Anand's biggest 1960s hits, was organised by the Directorate of Film Festivals in 2005.
 A garden named "Sadabhaar Dev Anand Udyan", after the actor was inaugurated by his son in Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya, Mumbai.

Accolades

Civilian Award

National Film Awards

Filmfare Awards

Other Awards

Other Recognitions
 1997 – Mumbai Academy of Moving Images Award for his Outstanding Services to the Indian Film Industry.
 1998 – Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ujala Anandlok Film Awards Committee in Calcutta.
 1999 – Sansui Lifetime Achievement Award for his "Immense Contribution to Indian Cinema" in New Delhi.
 2000 – Film Goers' Mega Movie Maestro of the Millennium Award in Mumbai.
 2001 – Evergreen Star of the Millennium Award at the Zee Gold Bollywood Awards on 28 April 2001 at the Nassau Coliseum, New York.
 2004 – Legend of Indian Cinema Award at Atlantic City (United States).
 2004 – Living Legend Award by the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) in recognition of his contribution to the Indian entertainment industry.
 2005 – Sony Gold Award.
 2006 – Glory of India Award by IIAF, London.
 2007 – Punjab Ratan (Jewel of Punjab) Award by the World Punjabi Organisation (European Division) for his outstanding contribution to the field of art and entertainment.
 2008 – Lifetime Achievement Award by Ramya Cultural Academy in association with Vinmusiclub.
 2008 – Lifetime Achievement Award by Rotary Club of Bombay.
 2008 – Awarded at the IIJS Solitaire Awards.
 2009 – Legend Award given to Dev Anand by Rajinikanth.
 2010 – Phalke Ratna Award by Dadasaheb Phalke Academy.
 2010 – Rashtriya Gaurav Award.
 2011 – Rashtriya Kishore Kumar Samman from the Government of Madhya Pradesh.
 2013 – Lifetime Achievement Maestro Award by the Whistling Woods International Institute.
 In July 2000, in New York City, he was honored by an Award from the hands of the then First Lady of the United States of America, Hillary Clinton, for his "Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema".
 In 2000, he was awarded the Indo-American Association "Star of the Millennium" Award in Silicon Valley, California.
 Donna Ferrar, Member of the New York State Assembly, honored him with a "New York State Assembly Citation" for his "Outstanding Contribution to the Cinematic Arts Worthy of the Esteem and Gratitude of the Great State of New York" on 1 May 2001.
 In 2005, he was honored with a "Special National Film Award" by the Government of Nepal at Nepal's first National Indian film festival in Stockholm.
 In 2008, he was guest of honor at a dinner hosted by the Provost of Highland Council in Inverness, Scotland to celebrate 10 years since he first worked in the Scottish Highlands. He spent several days in the area, en route to Cannes, as a guest of the Highlands and Islands Film Commission.

References

Further reading
 Cinema Modern: Navketan Story, by Sidharth Bhatia. Harpercollins, 2011. .
 Evergreen Dev Anand (An Anthology of Dev Anand's Contribution to Cinema), by Kamal Dhiman. Nikita Publications, 2014. .

External links

 RIP Dev Anand – Bollywood Mourns Dev Anand's Death
 The Telegraph – Dev Anand Bio and Obituary

Indian male film actors
1923 births
2011 deaths
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Hindi-language film directors
Hindi film producers
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Film directors from Mumbai
Film producers from Mumbai
Male actors from Mumbai
Government College University, Lahore alumni
People from Gurdaspur
Punjabi people
20th-century Indian male actors
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Filmfare Awards winners
People from Narowal District
People from Lahore

Dev Anand


The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg is a children's hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It is located on the campus of the Health Sciences Centre near downtown Winnipeg and is expressly devoted to the health care of children.

History
The hospital was founded in 1909 and was staffed by one nurse and volunteer doctors and surgeons.

The first complete hospital building was erected on William Avenue at Sherbrook Street and opened on December 2, 1956. The cost of the project was $3 million. To raise funds, a successful fundraising campaign begun in 1948, headed by prominent businessman John Draper Perrin.

Provisions would be made available for parents or  caregivers wanting to stay with their hospitalized children. At the time it was the only fully developed pediatric hospital in Canada, west of Toronto. At the opening, the hospital featured 250 beds, 5 operating rooms, a laboratory, a convalescing room, an X-ray room, patient records room, administration offices, cafeteria. Separate areas for admitting non-emergency patients, emergency patients and out-patients, where previously all types would be admitted in one area. Two electronically controlled passenger and one service elevator.

A used book market began in 1961 to raise funds for the hospital. Used books were gathered early in the spring, to be sold at the market in May at Polo Park Shopping Centre.

At the 55th annual meeting  of the Children's Hospital in 1964, chief administrator J. E. Robinson stated that the budget of the hospital had increased by five times that of the 1953 budget from $505,000 (1953) to $2.5 million (1963). In 1953, 91 children (as inpatients) were treated. Ten years later the number had jumped to 191. In 1953 the number of outpatients was 18,000. By 1963, outpatients treated were 29,900. By 1963 there were 508 full-time and 99 part-time employees working at the hospital. Occupancy was 86% of the 323 beds in 1963. The hospital stated that at the rate of inpatient and outpatient growth that at some point a hospital expansion would be required.

The Child Development Clinic opened in the spring of 1964 to serve the needs of developmentally delayed children.

At the annual meeting of the St. Agnes Guild of January 1965, members were asked to keep the hospital general purpose rather than become a hospital specializing in various diseases and conditions, saying that in the metro area there were already two hospitals that served pediatric needs — Children's Hospital and St. Boniface Hospital.

An additional 68 beds opened in early 1967, after a $5 million expansion project together with another 50 would be required by 1972 to keep pace with demand.  Said Mr. Robinson at the announcement:When this hospital was built, it was expected to become a straight community-type treatment institution with a minimum of services to take care of the run-of-the-mill conditions that have to be treated in the community.

We weren't going to be a research institution and there weren't going to be teaching of internes.

X-ray facilities, laboratories, emergency space, out-patients' department and special therapy provisions had been kept at an absolute minimum.

The 1967 addition added another four operating rooms and alterations and expansion of the existing five rooms, a new psychiatric unit, an improved poison centre to accommodate patients not ill enough to require an overnight stay, a new physiotherapy and occupational therapy space, administrative space for the home care program, new lab space for the respiratory and cystic fibrosis research and treatment centre, open heart diagnostic space, teaching space for interns. A central air conditioning system was installed at a cost of $600,000.

Part of the hospital is the Intensive Care Newborn Nursery where newborns that require surgery shortly after birth and also to care for premature infants. The nursery had a maximum capacity of 12 in the late-1960s with an additional four spaces in 1968. Although more common now, the newborn nursery served a wide area in the region, including the prairie provinces, northwest Ontario, the Northwest Territories, as well as some midwest states. In the late 1960s, 40 per cent of babies in the intensive care newborn nursery came from outside the Greater Winnipeg area.

In 1969 the Children's Hospital School of Nursing, the only one of its kind in western Canada, closed. The school had begun in 1909 just as the original hospital came into being and described as "based on the care of the well child and prevention of disease, progressed to care of the child during illness, and then to care of the adult patient." In the 60 years of its operation, 817 pediatric nurses graduated, later working in other parts of Canada and the United States. By 1916 there were 40 nurses at the school who were part of the staff.

A second hand store, located at 190 Sherbrook St. (now located at 961 Portage Ave.), The Nearly New Shop, operated by the McKinnon Guild of the hospital re-opened in September 1970, where proceeds go to research programs.

Starting in April 1981 The Children's Hospital created a closed circuit television channel, Children's Hospital TeleVision (CHTV), which broadcast on channel 4, for kids staying at the Hospital. However, by December there were threats to close down the station, claiming funds were exhausted. The operator of the station, Tom Lewicki, applied to the Winnipeg Foundation for $42,000 to continue to run the station through 1982. Lewicki said that because of a lack of entertainment options, young patients would tend to watch soap operas. Instead, CHTV programmed Charlie Brown and Disney movies, with a live in-hospital weekday show. Today children staying at the Hospital have more entertainment options such as YTV, Teletoon, videogames, YouTube (via tablet or smartphone), so there is less need for CHTV.

In the mid-1980s a large addition to the Children's Hospital was constructed and opened in 1986. During construction there were several delays.

Today the hospital has an emergency department for children and has pediatric and neo-natal intensive care units. There are also inpatient units for surgery, pediatric oncology, burns and plastic surgery. There are numerous outpatient clinics.

The Child Life Department is an integral part of Children's Hospital. This department of specialists is involved in running the playroom, the in-hospital television station (CHTV), provided for free, now on channel 7. The "Good Day Show" is broadcast at daily at 1 PM.  Music therapy and the clown program. This department exists to help children and their families cope with all aspects of illness and hospitalization by relieving stress and anxiety.

In late August 2019, David Langdon, the clown character of the Children's Hospital, announced his retirement after 30 years of doing the job for the Hospital.

Trivia
Tommy Douglas, the Father of Medicare in Canada, in an interview attributed the efforts of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg and the "very famous orthopedic surgeon Dr. R. J. Smith" for saving his leg at age 10.

Notes

External links
 Winnipeg Children's Hospital Child Life Department
Children's Hospital Foundation: 2018 Annual Report
Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba

Hospitals in Winnipeg
Hospital buildings completed in 1958
Hospitals established in 1909
1909 establishments in Manitoba
Winnipeg

The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg


The Deserta Grande Island is the main island of the Desertas Islands archipelago, a small chain of three islands in the Portuguese Madeira Islands Archipelago of Macaronesia.

It is located  southeast of Madeira Island, off the western coast of North Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

Nature reserve
The island is part of the Desertas Islands nature reserve, with a warden's base midway along the western coast.

South of the base, no approach to the island closer than 100 m is permitted in order to protect the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal breeding population. Access is permitted to the north of the nature base.  Some activities, such as line and spear fishing, are banned.

The large, critically endangered wolf spider Hogna ingens is endemic to Deserta Grande.

The island has breeding Cory's shearwaters, Bulwer's petrels and Madeiran storm-petrels.

See also
Bugio Island
Ilhéu Chão — Chão islet.

References

External links

Desertas Islands, Grande
Former populated places in Madeira
Desertas Islands, Grande

Deserta Grande Island