"Roger Ebert Should Lay Off the Fatty Foods" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 24th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on September 2, 1998. The episode was written by Trey Parker, along with David Goodman, and directed by Parker. In the episode, the class goes on a bus trip to the local planetarium. Once arriving, Eric Cartman is tempted by a Cheesy Poofs truck parked outside, auditioning kids to sing the Cheesy Poofs song on their next television advertisement. Cartman makes fun of film critic Roger Ebert (voiced by Joe Pesci) when he is revealed to be the owner of Cheesy Poofs.

Plot
Eric Cartman, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick, and the rest of their class go on a trip to the planetarium.  They learn that the planetarium scientist is using the projector to brainwash people.

1998 television episodes
South Park (season 2) episodes


Andrew (Andrzej Zbigniew) Drzemczewski (born 7 July 1951) is the head of the Legal Affairs and Human Rights Department of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.

Education and professional qualifications
After having obtained his LL.B. law degree at the London School of Economics in 1972, he spent a year at the University of Warsaw, at its department of international law, as a British Council  Scholar (1972–73), rounding of this cycle of  studies at the UC Berkeley School of Law where he obtained an LL.M in International Law (Fulbright Research Scholar).

He subsequently returned to the LSE where he obtained, in 1981, his PhD, which was published by the Oxford University Press in 1983: European Human Rights Convention in Domestic Law: A Comparative Study. He also obtained, in 1974, the Diploma of the Strasbourg-based International Institute of Human Rights and was called to the English Bar in 1981 (member of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, London).

Career at the Council of Europe
He has worked for the Council of Europe since 1985.

As of April 2005, he is head of the Legal Affairs & Human Rights Department of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

Previous in-house experience includes work in the then Directorate of Human Rights (having worked on the reform of the European Convention on Human Rights between the years 1987 and 1994; he also headed a newly created section for co-operation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and was secretary to an ad hoc committee of experts responsible directly to the Committee of Ministers on CSCE (now OSCE), Human Dimension issues. He had principal responsibility for the organization of a ministerial conference on Human Rights, held in Rome in 1990).

Between the years 1995 and 1997 he was secretary to an informal working party on Protocol No.11 to the European Convention on Human Rights, under the co-chairmanship of the Deputy Secretary General (Peter Leuprecht) & the president of the European Court of Human Rights (Rolv Ryssdal), before becoming, in 1996, the head of the secretary general's Monitoring Unit, with responsibility to set up and launch the Committee of Ministers confidential monitoring procedure (compliance with commitments accepted by member States of the Council of Europe).

Other functions/activities
Since 1986 he has been legal correspondent for "The Times" newspaper, London (Human Rights Law Reports, Strasbourg) and over 320 of his law reports have been published to-date.

He is also a member of the Administrative Council of the International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg; member of Scientific Advisory Board of the European Yearbook on Human Rights and a member of the advisory board of the European Human Rights Association. Since 1994 he is a visiting professor at the University of  Strasbourg's Institut des Hautes Etudes Européennes.

Other professional experience

Before joining the Council of Europe in September 1985, Dr Drzemczewski undertook various types of legal work (within governmental and NGO circles), lecturing and consultancies around the world (inter alia, legal consultant to the Gulf Co-operation Council in 1981; legal advice and assistance in international human rights litigation to several NGOs, including the first-ever 3rd party intervention – by the POEU –  in the case of Malone v UK (1984) before the European Court of Human Rights. He is also a founding member of INTERIGHTS.

From 1979 to 1985 he was senior lecturer in law  at what is now the Metropolitan University, in London.  For a period of 14 years (from 1981 to 1994)  he  taught "International Law of Human Rights" at the University of Notre Dame's Summer Law Program in London (& was an Associate Professor at the University's London Law Centre year-round program from 1982 to 1985).

Publications
 European Human Rights Convention in Domestic Law. A Comparative Study (Oxford University Press, 1983 and 1985; reprinted in 1997)
 Human Rights: Cases and Materials (3 volumes, teaching material for students, London, 1982)
 "A major overhaul of the European Human Rights Convention control mechanism: Protocol No. 11", in Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law / Recueil des cours de l'Académie de Droit européen, Vol.VI (European University Institute, Florence – Martinus Nijhoff, 1995), Book 2, 1997.
 "The Council of europe and the Issue of Incorporation", Human rights in domestic law and development assistance policies of the Nordic countries, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989,

He also co-edited "Domestic Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in Eastern and Western Europe", in volume 2 of the All-European Human Rights Yearbook (Engel Verlag 1992) 251 pages (French version issued in a special volume, No.4, of Revue Universelle des Droits de l'Homme, 1992).

He has published widely and has written over 130  articles and case-notes on international and comparative law issues in numerous legal periodicals, with particular reference to human rights in Europe (in addition to the Human Rights Law Report, he writes regularly for The Times newspaper – see above).

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20120401175009/http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/v2i2/drzemczewski.htm
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1502424

Living people
1951 births
Council of Europe people
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
University of Warsaw alumni

Andrew Drzemczewski


Dover is a ghost town located in Sanpete County, Utah, United States. The site lies west of Fayette across the Sevier River.

The community was named after Dover, in England.

History
The land was first settled in 1877–1878 by 45 families led by William Robinson. They found the soil was good, but water somewhat scarce. By 1879 they had a schoolhouse, also used for church and civic functions, and a post office, which operated until 1895. There were also two general stores, where residents typically paid for goods in kind with eggs.

When Utah Territory achieved statehood on January 4, 1896, Dover's celebrations took a tragic turn. They had no cannon to fire, instead exploding some dynamite with a well-driving hammer. The hammer, which had been through many such celebrations before, blew apart, injuring several people.

In the years 1910–1916, irrigation companies in Millard County dammed the Sevier River some distance to the north. The resulting reservoir, now known as Yuba Reservoir, covered parts of Dover's farmland, driving out some of the residents. A severe drought in the 1930s finished off the town; a few houses were moved, and most of the others were later torn down. Nothing remains but some foundations and fallen buildings, and a memorial cemetery.

References

External links
 Dover at GhostTowns.com

Ghost towns in Utah
Populated places established in 1877
Ghost towns in Sanpete County, Utah
1877 establishments in Utah Territory

Dover, Utah


Alexander Gordon Smith (27 February 1979, Norwich, England) is an author of children and Young Adult fiction.

Early life
During his teenage years, Smith went through what he calls a "rough patch". He said he would hang out with people that had a negative influence on him. He had once lost a tooth in a brawl. After he stopped being around his "friends", and these experiences, along with wondering what would have happened if he kept being around this group of people, are what partly inspired the Furnace series.

Profile
Between 2000 and 2003 he studied English literature at the University of East Anglia, where he set up a small poetry press called Egg Box Publishing. Egg Box published a number of new poets, including Richard Evans, Ramona Herdman and poetry collective Aisle16, and continues to add to its list of books.

In October 2004, Smith published a creative writing guide, "Inspired Creative Writing", for Infinite Ideas Ltd. A follow-up guide, "Writing Bestselling Children's Books" was published in July 2007.

Novels for children
In Summer 2005, Smith and his nine-year-old brother Jamie Webb began writing The Inventors, a children's novel. The book was shortlisted for the Wow Factor, a national competition run by Waterstones and Faber and Faber publishers, and although it lost out to Sarah Wray's The Forbidden Room it was taken on by Faber and published in April 2007. The sequel, The Inventors and the City of Stolen Souls was published in June 2008.

Bibliography

Fiction

The Inventors
The Inventors (2007)
The Inventors in the City of Stolen Souls (2008)

The Furnace (Escape From Furnace)

Furnace: Lockdown (2009)
Furnace: Solitary (2010)
Furnace: Death Sentence (2011)
Furnace: Fugitives (2012)
Furnace: Execution (2012)
The Night Children (2012) (novella)

The Fury
The Fury (2012)
The Storm (2013)

The Devil's Engine
Hellraisers (2015)
Hellfighters (2016)
Hellwalkers (2017)

Nonfiction
Inspired Creative Writing (2005)
Writing Bestselling Children's Books (2007)

References

External links

 AG Smith Interview at BookReviewsAndMore.ca

1979 births
Living people
British children's writers
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
Writers from Norwich

Alexander Gordon Smith


Dysart () is a town on the south-east coast of Scotland, between Kirkcaldy and West Wemyss in Fife. A former royal burgh, Dysart is now a suburb of Kirkcaldy. Dysart was once part of a large estate owned by the St Clair or Sinclair family. They were given burgh of barony status for the town at the end of the 15th century.

The first written record of the town was in the early 13th century. During the middle of the 15th century, the town traded with the Low Countries, and exported salt and coal. In the 16th and 17th centuries, they began to trade with the Baltic Countries. Dysart got two nicknames: "Salt Burgh" and "Little Holland".

When the coal mine, the Lady Blanche Pit, closed suddenly use of the harbour almost stopped. The town was joined with the royal burgh of Kirkcaldy in 1930. Large parts of the historic town were pulled down in the 1950s and 1960's for new housing. People living in the town were able to protect some areas, most notably the 16th century and the 18th century houses of Pan Ha' opposite the harbour. These have been repaired and preserved for future generations. Today, Dysart retains an individual character within the boundary borders of neighbouring Kirkcaldy.

References

Towns in Fife

Dysart, Fife


is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Uki Ogasawara. It is licensed in North America by Digital Manga Publishing, which released the manga on 4 November 2008.

Reception
Leroy Douresseaux, writing for Comic Book Bin, felt that the characters were underdeveloped, and that despite the characters' "equally masculine" depiction, that Black Sun was a good example of yaoi using the rape fantasy device, finding that the sex scenes were so plentiful that they became "tedious".  Danielle Van Gorder, writing for Mania Entertainment, felt that the writing was weak and that the romance between the characters amounted to Stockholm syndrome, but that the series' primary draw was its many "graphic" sex scenes and " gorgeous art".

Rachel Bentham, writing for Active Anime, enjoyed the writing, comparing it to "bodice ripper" romance novels with points of humour and enjoyed the interesting Crusades setting.  Casey Brienza, writing for Anime News Network, compared the author to Ayano Yamane, another manga artist known for her humour, historical fantasy themes and good sex scenes.  Brienza notes that the story ends on a cliffhanger, and that DMP does not acknowledge that it is part of an ongoing series in Japan.  She found that the characters were well written and not true to seme and uke stereotypes, and praised the narrative device of telling part of the tale from the perspective of a pet panther.  Brienza described the art as "gorgeous", feeling that the art alone could turn people on to Black Sun.  Despite the high production quality from Digital Manga Publishing, Brienza felt that the recommended retail price would reduce the likelihood that people would buy it.

References

External links

2007 manga
Digital Manga Publishing titles
Drama anime and manga
Historical anime and manga

Black Sun (manga)


David Lee Roth (born October 10, 1954) is an American rock singer. Known for his wild and energetic stage persona, he was the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Van Halen for three stints; from 1974 to 1985, during 1996, and from 2006 to when they disbanded in 2020. He was also a successful solo artist, releasing numerous RIAA-certified Gold and Platinum albums. After more than two decades apart, Roth re-joined Van Halen in 2006 for a North American tour that became the highest-grossing in the band's history, and one of the highest-grossing of that year. In 2012, Roth and Van Halen released the comeback album A Different Kind of Truth. In 2007, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen.

Early life
Roth was born in Bloomington, Indiana, to an ophthalmologist, Nathan Lee Roth, and a teacher, Sibyl Roth. He has two sisters, one of whom is Lisa Roth, creator of the Rockabye Baby! lullaby music series. The family is of Jewish heritage. From an early age, Roth had an interest in art especially film and radio; he said his first music idol was Al Jolson.

Roth spent much of his youth in New Castle, Indiana. In a 2019 interview with Q95's "Stuck and Gunner" he explained: "My grandparents moved to New Castle in 1913. It's in the sense of humor, the 'get it done' and how we do get it done approach work ethic of Van Halen, frankly. It's a Midwest approach, not some flakey Hollywood horse manure." The Roths also briefly lived in Swampscott, Massachusetts. In his teens, they relocated to Pasadena, California. He attended The Webb Schools in Claremont, California, and John Muir High School in Pasadena. Roth's parents arranged for him to receive treatment with a psychiatrist for three years because he was prone to daily bouts of hyperactivity, dubbed "monkey time." Roth also attended a horse ranch for troubled teens to build a sense of responsibility.   While attending Pasadena City College, he met the Van Halen brothers, Eddie and Alex. During this period Roth worked as a hospital orderly.

First run with Van Halen: 1972–1984

In his late teens, Roth was singing solo, as well as with an R&B-influenced rock band named the Red Ball Jets. Roth says the name was in reference to the red dye used in food at that time, including red candy balls, which would exacerbate his hyperactivity and lead to "monkey hour" at the family home. (Red Ball Jets was also the name of a brand of sneakers popular from 1951 to 1971.) Another Los Angeles band, Mammoth (featuring Alex Van Halen on drums and Eddie Van Halen singing and playing lead guitar), occasionally rented the Red Ball Jets' PA system for $10/night. After a couple of failed auditions, Roth joined Mammoth as lead singer. In 1974, Mammoth officially changed its name to Van Halen. According to Roth, this was his brainchild. He felt it was a moniker that offered long-term identity, aesthetic, and marketing advantages, like Santana.

Performing original and cover songs, Van Halen eventually gained success in the Pasadena, West Hollywood, and Los Angeles areas, becoming a regular feature on Sunset Strip clubs, such as Gazzarri's, Myron's, Whisky a Go Go, and the Starwood Club. In 1976, Gene Simmons took note of the band (in particular Eddie Van Halen, whom Simmons hoped to recruit for his own band, KISS) and assisted them in producing a 29-track demo tape, featuring many of the songs that would be included on their first three LPs. The tape, however, did not attract much interest from major record labels. In early 1977, however, during their four-month stint at The Starwood, Warner Bros executive Mo Ostin and producer Ted Templeman signed them to an inauspicious two-album contract, one that heavily favored Warner Bros., offering but a .70 per unit royalty. Manager Noel Monk, then an equal partner in band revenue, renegotiated this rate for double in 1979.

Released in 1978, the debut album Van Halen was recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders and immediately earned the band significant national attention and radio airplay. They toured for three months at the bottom of the bill supporting rising superstars Journey and Montrose, then another nine months opening for heavy metal icons Black Sabbath. The album reached number 19 on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold more than 12 million copies by 2014, certified Diamond by the RIAA.

Van Halen recorded four more platinum-selling albums over the next five years, often within 12 to 14 days and immediately returning to the road to tour. Roth is often credited with promoting Van Halen's image, described by David Fricke in Rolling Stone as "a nonstop booze-and-babes party train." Yet despite this 'wildman' image, Roth was key to the band's success not just as a high kicking, tight pantsed, Capezio-wearing singer and lyricist, but as the de facto chairman of the board in band decisions of business, marketing and publicity, according to Monk. Roth's sexy, macho but poetic, often jovial lyrics worked in perfect harmony with the hard rock guitar sounds composed by Eddie Van Halen; a sound-style that helped the band rise to the top of the Billboard pop chart in 1984, with their quintessential album 1984, their first and only #1 LP. Looking back at Roth's tenure, Fricke dubbed Van Halen as "the monster rock action squad that ruled the charts and the airwaves for seven years." "I remember hearing about this new band, Van Halen with David Lee Roth," recalled Aerosmith front-man Steven Tyler. "'Who does this fucking guy think he is? He's standing in my limelight.' I'd fucked myself up royally."

Despite the band's seven-year financial and artistic success, a creative rift developed between Roth and Eddie Van Halen early on. Roth was interested in popularity via original or even cover songs about partying, dancing, women and sex, along the lines of Aerosmith, AC/DC or even disco, while Eddie wanted darker, deeper tunes in minor keys, like those on their 4th LP Fair Warning. They had been artistic foils on the first three albums, but their fifth LP, Diver Down, saw a disgruntled Edward "sacrificing" his original synthesizer and guitar riffs to five cover songs, three of which became singles: "Dancing in the Street", "Where Have All the Good Times Gone" and "Oh, Pretty Woman".
In 1983, Eddie designed and constructed a state-of-the-art recording studio in his home with the band's recording engineer, Don Landee. This led to creative conflict, as it allowed Ed to dominate the recording process without as much input from Roth. Furthermore, he began to experiment in an almost New Wave direction with keyboards and synthesizers, while Roth preferred guitar-heavy hard rock. Their sixth and final album together until 2006, 1984, was a critical and commercial success and continued the band's move toward mainstream pop music.

In early 1985, while still a member of Van Halen, Roth released Crazy from the Heat, an eclectic solo EP of off-beat pop standards. Some months before Roth's departure, Noel Monk, their manager of seven years was fired suddenly by the Van Halen brothers; he speculated that (Roth) was testing the waters for a potential separate, solo career.

According to Monk, Roth formally parted ways with his Van Halen bandmates in August 1985 (although an urban legend persists that it was April 1, April Fool's Day), taking with him 60 Van Halen employees, including VH Head of Security, Ed Andersen. In his 1998 autobiography, Crazy from the Heat, a bitter Roth characterized Van Halen's music just before his 1985 departure as "morose".

1996 reunion
In June 1996, Roth briefly reunited with Van Halen, to great public fanfare. He recorded two new songs for Van Halen's Best Of – Volume I, "Can't Get This Stuff No More" and "Me Wise Magic". After an infamous appearance on September 5, 1996, at the MTV Video Music Awards during which Roth and Eddie Van Halen reportedly threatened each other, Roth was passed over for Van Halen's vocalist job in favor of Gary Cherone. In 2012, Cherone confirmed the longtime rumor that he had already been chosen long before the MTV incident, suggesting that Van Halen used Roth to create public interest in the hits collection. "Me Wise Magic", Van Halen's display of psychedelia-influenced rock with Roth on vocals, became a No. 1 Billboard Mainstream Rock hit in 1996.

2001 reunion
In 2001, rumours circulated that Roth and the members of Van Halen had recorded several new songs together and were attempting yet another reunion. Roth and bassist Michael Anthony later confirmed that information, but nothing came of the music. The music would later be used for 2012's A Different Kind of Truth, but with Wolfgang Van Halen replacing Anthony. A rumored box set did not materialize. Instead, Warner Bros. issued remastered versions of all six early Van Halen studio albums.

Solo career: 1985–2006

Commercial success: 1985–1991

In 1984, Roth wished to record a solo EP quickly and shoot a film. "We've created a whole retinue of characters," he noted of his vision with Angelus. "It's a genuine film. It's not 'Dave Singing' or 'Elvis'." Entitled Crazy from the Heat, the EP was released in January 1985, while the film was budgeted at $20 million by CBS Films; however, the project folded after the consolidation of CBS Studios.

In late 1985, now separated from Van Halen, Roth assembled a virtuoso supergroup, consisting of guitarist Steve Vai (previously of Frank Zappa's band), bassist Billy Sheehan (previously of Talas), and drummer Gregg Bissonette (previously of Maynard Ferguson's big band). With veteran Van Halen producer Ted Templeman producing, Roth released his debut solo LP, Eat 'Em and Smile in July 1986. The album saw Roth's return to hard rock music, but incorporated some of his eclectic musical tastes, including a jazz cover of Frank Sinatra's "That's Life" and the bluesy, 1960s hit "Tobacco Road". Eat 'Em and Smile met with widespread commercial and critical success, charting at No. 4 on the Billboard Top 200, selling over 2 million copies in the U.S. alone. Roth and his band toured arenas extensively in support of Eat 'Em and Smile before returning to the studio in 1987 to record a follow-up album.

In January 1988, Roth released Skyscraper, a more experimental LP featuring the hit single "Just Like Paradise". Co-produced by Roth and Steve Vai under the working title "Cliffhanger", Skyscraper peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard album chart and ultimately sold two million copies in the US. Soon after Skyscrapers release, Sheehan left Roth's band due to musical differences. He was replaced in time for the album's support tour with bassist Matt Bissonette (drummer Gregg Bissonette's brother). The international Skyscraper Tour arena was a major production featuring, at different points during each concert, Roth surfing above the audience on a surfboard suspended from an arena's rafters, and lowered into the center of each arena in a descending boxing ring. Both parts of the stage show were featured in the "Just Like Paradise" music video. The show also featured the band in a calypso segment playing Caribbean steel drums and in an unplugged segment where the band performed acoustic covers of old rock and roll songs. Following the tour for Skyscraper, Vai left Roth's band to pursue a solo career and record and tour with Whitesnake.

Roth hired 19-year-old guitar virtuoso Jason Becker to replace Vai prior to recording his third solo LP, A Little Ain't Enough in 1991. A hard rock album produced by Bob Rock, A Little Ain't Enough achieved RIAA gold status shortly after its January 1991 release. Before starting a support tour for A Little Ain't Enough, Becker was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, rendering him unable to perform onstage. Guitarist Joe Holmes stood in for Becker during the tour. Later in 1991, Nirvana and grunge rock emerged, altering popular tastes and suddenly making Roth's brand of hard rock seem unfashionable. Roth's band fractured shortly following the tour's completion.

Commercial decline: 1992–2003
In April 1993, Roth was arrested in New York City's Washington Square Park for buying what he described as "$10 worth of Jamaican bunk reefer" from an undercover police officer. The arrest made headlines and became a late-night television punch-line. When asked by Howard Stern whether the bust was a publicity stunt, Roth said, "Howard, in New York City this small of a bust is a $35 traffic citation. It literally says 'Buick, Chevy, Other'. Your dog poops on the sidewalk, it's $50. If I was looking for publicity, I would have pooped on the sidewalk."

In March 1994, Roth released Your Filthy Little Mouth, a musically-eclectic album produced by Nile Rodgers. The album failed to achieve significant critical or commercial success, proving to be Roth's first solo effort not to achieve RIAA Gold or Platinum status shortly after its release. Roth played smaller venues in the U.S., and larger venues in Europe on a support tour.

In 1995, Roth returned with an adult lounge act, performing largely in Las Vegas casinos, with a brass band that featured Nile Rodgers, Edgar Winter, and members of the Miami Sound Machine. It also featured several exotic dancers, who in Roth's words were "so sweet, I bet they shit sugar!" In 1997, Roth wrote a well-received, New York Times best-selling memoir, Crazy from the Heat. The 359-page book was a selected collection of 1,200 pages of monologues, which were recorded and transcribed by a Princeton University graduate who followed Roth for almost a year. The book received mostly positive critical and reader reaction. Henry Rollins is said to have worked on the memoir.

In 1998, Roth released DLR Band, another album of original material. The album featured a popular song, "Slam Dunk", which, like a majority of the album, was co-written by rising guitarist and longtime Roth fan, John 5. The album was considered a return to form for Roth by critics. In 1999, Roth contacted the Songs of Love Foundation asking if he would be able to sing a song for an ailing child. He went on to record a "Song of Love" for 9-year-old Ashley Abernathy who was battling leukemia, which was released publicly many years later. In the late 1990s, Roth became an emergency medical technician (EMT) in New York City, going on over 200 ambulance rides. Roth's EMT training was largely handled by Linda Reissman, who detailed this on an episode of The DLR Cast podcast.

In 2002, The "Song for Song: The Heavyweight Champions of Rock and Roll Tour" paired Roth with his 'nemesis' Sammy Hagar, and it proceeded to revive the career of Roth. Despite the monetary success and publicity generated by the tour, Roth's future with Van Halen seemed uncertain. "Yankee Rose" appeared in the 2002 videogame Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, playing on rock station V-Rock, while generally, Roth became more visible than he had been in years, such as appearing on commercials for MTV with Justin Timberlake. In 2003, Roth released an album called Diamond Dave, which included one original John 5 collaboration among numerous cover songs.

Other ventures: 2004–2006

In 2004, Roth appeared on the TV series The Sopranos as a poker-playing guest of Tony Soprano. Regarding this, Roth was quoted on his website as saying, "Mom says I'm going to look like Lee Marvin in 10 years whether I'm in movies or not, so I might as well get after it!" On July 4, 2004, Roth performed with the world-renowned Boston Pops Orchestra at Boston's annual Pops Goes the Fourth celebration. The performance was witnessed by over 100,000 people live in Boston, and by millions more on US television. In 2006, Roth covered two Van Halen songs for an album titled Strummin' with the Devil, a tribute to his old band in bluegrass style. The album topped out at 66 on the U.S. Billboard country charts.

In 2006, Roth was tapped to replace his friend Howard Stern on terrestrial radio, following Stern's departure from terrestrial to Sirius Satellite Radio. Roth's show lasted for four months and ended in a lawsuit. During the course of the show, Roth maintained a relationship with Howard 100 News reporter Steve Langford. Roth and Langford met frequently after shows, with Langford bringing tape back to Stern of Roth's complaints towards WXRK's management. Issues included Roth's firing, the missing podcast, and his show being cut off early. On Roth's final day, April 21, 2006, he performed the Rolling Stones song "You Can't Always Get What You Want" for Stern and discussed an impending lawsuit against CBS.

Later, on October 14, 2012, Roth began broadcasting a video webcast/podcast on his YouTube channel, Spotify and iTunes.

Return to Van Halen: 2007–2015

On January 24, 2007, after much anticipation, Billboard.com reported that Roth would rejoin Van Halen for a 40-date arena and amphitheater tour in mid-2007. This report, among many others, was confirmed with an official press release posted on the official Van Halen website on February 2, 2007.

On February 2, 2007, the Official Van Halen Web Site released information that Roth had rejoined the band along with current members Alex, Eddie, and Valerie Bertinelli's and Eddie's teenage son, Wolfgang Van Halen. On March 8 the official Van Halen website posted a letter from Eddie Van Halen stating that he did not feel he could perform his absolute best, and the tour with Roth would be postponed.

In March 2007 five members of Van Halen, the four original members and Sammy Hagar, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Van Halen brothers did not attend due to Eddie's condition. Roth was to perform with the band Velvet Revolver; however, conflict with the band caused his part to be canceled. Roth subsequently did not attend the induction, leaving only Michael Anthony and Sammy Hagar to represent Van Halen. Both Anthony and Hagar thanked Roth publicly for his contribution to the band during the awards acceptance. Roth did not attend the ceremony and the event was considered yet another public embarrassment for the band. The conflict was rumored to be based on song selection. Roth wanted to perform "Jump", the band's highest-charting song, but Velvet Revolver would only agree to play "Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love" or "You Really Got Me". When it was finally agreed upon that Paul Shaffer would perform "Jump", Roth claimed there was no longer enough time to rehearse and opted not to attend the ceremony.

On August 13, 2007, six months after the initial reunion tour was postponed, it was finally confirmed by Van Halen with Roth at a press conference in Los Angeles that they would start the tour again in September 2007. At that conference, Eddie Van Halen stated that he and Roth were "like brothers" now. Calling Van Halen a "real band", both Van Halen and Roth spoke of the possibility of further worldwide touring and a new album in mind for the future.

On June 5, 2008, Van Halen announced that the 2007–2008 tour with Roth grossed more than $93 million, a record for the rock band. Van Halen played to nearly one million people during 74 arena shows throughout the United States and Canada, beginning September 27, 2007, in Charlotte, North Carolina, and wrapping June 3, 2008, in Quebec City, QC, for the 400th anniversary of the city.

In December 2011, Van Halen announced a 2012 tour with Roth. The new Roth-fronted Van Halen album A Different Kind of Truth was released on February 7, 2012, and a tour commenced that month.

In March 2015, a new live album was released, Tokyo Dome Live in Concert, recorded in June 2013 during the A Different Kind of Truth Tour. That same month, the band made its first foray into American television by appearing on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, announcing a new tour in the process.

Van Halen disbanded after Eddie's death from cancer on October 6, 2020.

Later years: 2016–present
In 2014, Roth had recorded sessions with John 5 on guitar. Roth confirmed in October 2019 the album will soon be released now that he can start making "real plans" without Van Halen. In 2019 Roth announced a nine-date solo residency at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino House of Blues in 2020, with shows scheduled for January 8, 10 and 11 and March 18, 20, 21, 25, 27 and 28. He also went on an American tour with the band Kiss, playing 43 cities as the opening act. While Roth did complete some of the dates, the tour was postponed due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. In August 2020 KISS announced on their website that the tour would commence with Dave and his band opening on some dates. However, by August 2021, the band dropped Roth from their tour, with bassist/vocalist Gene Simmons referring to him as being "past his prime."

In October 2020, Roth paid tribute to his late bandmate Eddie Van Halen by sharing his track "Somewhere Over the Rainbow Bar and Grill," from the 2014 sessions. It was the first of five singles from the sessions released between late-2020 and early-2022.

In October 2021, Roth announced his intentions to retire from performing following a final residency set at the House of Blues Las Vegas at Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas from December 2021 to January 2022. Following the cancellation of all shows, Roth retired from performing, with a March 2020 performance in Texas with KISS being his final performance.

Following his retirement from performing, and the five original singles, Roth proceeded to release a series of covers of Van Halen songs throughout the second half of 2022. Roth is the focus of the forthcoming biography DLR Book: How David Lee Roth Changed The World, as penned by Darren Paltrowitz and due out on January 1, 2024 via Backbeat Books.

Personal life
Roth has never married. He dated actress Apollonia Kotero in the 1980s. In a 2013 interview, he said he had four great loves in his life, but would not name them out of respect for his privacy. He said during the 20 years of Van Halen, he "slept with every pretty girl with two legs."

In 2018, Roth and tattoo artist Ami James created INK the Original, which was a line of skincare products designed to protect tattooed skin. Roth spent more than 300 hours getting tattooed in Japan between 2013 and 2014, and noticed the body art market was expanding.  After investing more than $7,000,000 in the company, and countless hours, the business closed in March 2022 for reasons not stated.

Roth maintains residences in New York City, Los Angeles and Tokyo. He is a state-licensed emergency medical technician in New York. In 2012 he said, "I probably have over 200 9-1-1 calls on my ticket in the last six years alone. I live a very different life away from music." He is a martial artist, has been training in kenjutsu since he was twelve years old, and also practices kenpō and Brazilian jiu-jitsu.

Roth is a visual artist working in painting and drawings with a theme of social commentary.

Solo band members

 Guitars Steve Vai (1986–1989)
 Bass guitar Billy Sheehan (1986–1988)
 Percussion Gregg Bissonette (1986–1989)

Band member timeline

Guitar
 Al Estrada - lead guitar (2019–2021)
 Jake Faun - rhythm guitar (2020)
 Frankie Lindia - rhythm guitar (2020)
 Brian Young - lead guitar (2002–2006)
 Toshi Hiketa - rhythm guitar (2003–2006)
 Bart Walsh (1999–2001) (died 2019)
 Mike Hartman (1998) (died 2000)
 John 5 (1998, 2012, 2019)
 Steve Hunter (1990–1992, 1997)
 Terry Kilgore (1993–1994)
 Rocket Ritchotte (1993–1994)
 Joe Holmes (1991–1992)
 Desi Rexx (1991, a few shows in Europe only)
 Jason Becker (1990–1991)
 Steve Vai (1985–1989)

Bass guitar
 Ryan Wheeler (2020)
 Todd Jensen (1990–1991, 1999–2000, 2004–2006)
 James LoMenzo (2001–2004)
 B'urbon Bob (1998)—pseudonym for John 5
 John Regan (1994)
 James Hunting (1993–1994)
 Matt Bissonette (1988–1990)
 Billy Sheehan (1985–1988)

Drums
 Francis Valentino (2020)
 Mike Musselman (2019–2020)
 Jimmy DeGrasso (2006)
 Ray Luzier (1997–2000, 2001–2005)
 Ron Wikso (1993–1994)
 Larry Aberman (1994)
 Joseph Hudson (1993–1994, 1995–1997)
 Gregg Bissonette (1985–1992)

Keyboard
 Danny Wagner (2020)
 Marcus Margand II (2000–2001)
 Patrick Howard I (1998–1999)
 Billy Thompson (1996–1998)
 Richard Hilton (1994–1995)
 Brett Tuggle (1988–1994, 1997) (died 2022)
 Jesse Harms (1986)

Discography

Studio albums
 Eat 'Em and Smile (1986)
 Skyscraper (1988)
 A Little Ain't Enough (1991)
 Your Filthy Little Mouth (1994)
 DLR Band (1998)
 Diamond Dave (2003)

Extended plays
 Crazy from the Heat (1985)

with Van Halen

 Van Halen (1978)
 Van Halen II (1979)
 Women and Children First (1980)
 Fair Warning (1981)
 Diver Down (1982)
 1984 (1984)
 A Different Kind of Truth (2012)

Books

Explanatory notes

References

Further reading

External links

1954 births
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
American hard rock musicians
American people of Jewish descent
American people of Portuguese descent
American radio personalities
American rock singers
Glam metal musicians
Jewish American musicians
Jewish American writers
Jewish heavy metal musicians
Jewish rock musicians
Jewish singers
Living people
Magna Carta Records artists
Musicians from Bloomington, Indiana
Musicians from Pasadena, California
Pasadena City College alumni
People from Swampscott, Massachusetts
Record producers from California
Record producers from Indiana
Record producers from Massachusetts
Singers from Indiana
Van Halen members
Writers from Bloomington, Indiana
The David Lee Roth Band members

David Lee Roth


Lardy cake, also known as lardy bread, lardy Johns, dough cake and fourses cake, is a traditional rich spiced form of bread found in several southern counties of England, each claiming to provide the original recipe.  It remains a popular weekend tea cake in the southern counties of England, including Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and Gloucestershire.

Description
The main ingredients are freshly rendered lard, flour, sugar, spices, currants and raisins. Lardy Cake is a traditional English tea bread popular in country areas in England. It is made from plain bread dough which is enriched with sticky sweet lard and sugar as well as dried fruit and mixed spices. The dough is rolled and folded several times, in a similar way to puff pastry, which gives a layered texture.

History
Lardy cakes were cakes for special celebrations. They were made at harvest days or for family festivals. They were, like gingerbread, also sold at local fairs.  Elizabeth David (1977) remarks that "It was only when sugar became cheap, and when the English taste for sweet things—particularly in the Midlands and the North—became more pronounced, that such rich breads or cakes were made or could be bought from the bakery every week."

Lardy cake is said to originate on "the borders of the chalk-line in England running from Wiltshire through Oxfordshire to Cambridgeshire".

In the days when ovens were fired only once a week, and in some households only once a fortnight, for the baking of a very large batch of bread and dough products, any dough not used for making the daily bread was transformed into richer products such as lardy cakes, which thus earned the alternative name 'scrap cakes'. They might also be called 'flead cakes'—flead is a light kind of lard scraped off a pig's internal membranes. The high-fat content in such cakes would prevent them from drying out as much as ordinary bread. As reported by the author Elizabeth David, a Hampshire cookbook advises that the cake be turned upside down after baking "so the lard can soak through." It is theoretically possible to substitute butter for lard, but as David puts it: "How could they be Lardy cakes without lard?"

A variation of the lardy cake is the dripping cake.

In Hampshire, a form of the cake was made without currants which is said to relate the Hampshire lardy cake to Surrey lardy rolls and Guildford manchets.

Method of making
According to food writer Elizabeth David, the lard in lardy cakes is nearly always "worked into plain dough after the first rising or proving". David also says that "if you can't lay your hands on pure pork lard, don't attempt lardy cakes".

See also
 List of British breads

References

British breads
Sweet breads
Yeast breads
British cakes

Lardy cake


Catherine M. Chandler (born November 1950) is a Canadian poet and translator, born in Queens, New York City and raised in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, emigrating to Canada in 1971.  She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in French and Spanish from Wilkes University and a Master of Arts in Education (Culture and Values in Education) from McGill University. She and her husband currently divide their time between their homes in Saint-Lazare-de-Vaudreuil, Québec, and Punta del Este, Uruguay.

Career

Chandler's work has appeared in numerous print and online journals and anthologies, including Able Muse, Alabama Literary Review, American Arts Quarterly, The Centrifugal Eye, Comstock Review, First Things, Iambs and Trochees, Light Quarterly, The Lyric, Measure, Möbius, Orbis, Quadrant, The Raintown Review, Texas Poetry Journal and many others. She is the author of Lines of Flight (Able Muse Press, 2011), a highly acclaimed full-length collection of poetry in various forms, including the sonnet, pantoum, rondeau (poetry), villanelle, triolet, sapphic stanza, ballad stanza, quatrain, cinquain, cento (poetry) and other forms. Her second book, Glad and Sorry Seasons was published in the Spring of 2014 by Biblioasis Press of Windsor, Ontario, and her third book, "The Frangible Hour", winner of the Richard Wilbur Award, was published by the University of Evansville Press at the end of December 2016. Her fourth full-length collection, "Pointing Home" was published by Kelsay Books in April 2019. She is also the author of three chapbooks, For No Good Reason,  All or Nothing, and This Sweet Order (White Violet Press/Kelsay Books), and is co-editor of Passages (The Greenwood Centre for Living History, 2010).

Chandler has lectured in Spanish at McGill University's Department of Languages and Translation for many years and also acted as the university's International Affairs Officer. She also taught Spanish at Concordia University in Montreal, and has taught music, French and English for the Commission scolaire des Trois-Lacs in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges region of Quebec.

Awards
Chandler is the recipient of the 2016 Richard Wilbur Award for her book The Frangible Hour, University of Evansville Press. She also won the 2010 Howard Nemerov Sonnet Award for her poem "Coming to Terms", the final judge being A.E. Stallings. She was also a finalist for the Nemerov award in 2008 ("Missing"), 2009 ("Singularities"), 2012 ("Composure"), 2013 ("The Watchers at Punta Ballena, Uruguay"), 2014 ("Afterwords"), 2015 ("Oleka"), 2016 ("Family at Sunset Beach, California"), and 2017 ("Celebration"), and won The Lyric Quarterly Prize in 2004 ("Franconia") and the Leslie Mellichamp Award in 2015 ("Chiaroscuro"). Eight of her poems, including "66", "Body of Evidence"
and "Writ"
received nine Pushcart Prize nominations, and her poem, "66" was a finalist for the Best of the Net award in 2006. Her poem, "Discovery" was a finalist in the Able Muse Write Prize (Poetry) and her Millay parody, "Pack Rat" was a finalist in the 2015 X.J. Kennedy Parody Award. Her first full-length collection, Lines of Flight (Able Muse Press, 2011), was shortlisted for the Poets' Prize in 2013.

She has received numerous endorsements for her work, including praise from Richard Wilbur, who wrote that Chandler's poems "offer the reader a plain eloquence, a keen eye, and a graceful development of thought"; Rhina Espaillat, who praised Chandler's "effortless mastery of form"; Eric Ormsby, who called Chandler's poems "distillations of experience captured in exquisite measures"; and X. J. Kennedy, who named her "an engaging and authoritative new voice".  James Matthew Wilson, in his essay, "Intelligent Design: The Poetry of Catherine Chandler", states: "Chandler stands out for both her particular elegance and fluency of style and for the profundity of her vision."

Three of Chandler's poems, "Full Snow Moon," "Superbia," and "The Lost Villages: Inundation Day," were chosen by George Elliott Clarke, Poet Laureate of Canada, for inclusion in the National Poetry Registry, Library of Parliament.

Catherine Chandler's poetry blog, The Wonderful Boat, which includes reviews, a list of awards and nominations, sample poems, podcasts and SoundCloud audio recordings, is online at cathychandler.blogspot.com.

Works

"Catherine Chandler", Poets & Writers, July 2013
"Catherine Chandler - Spotlight Poet", Able Muse, Summer 2009
"Distinguished Performance - Catherine Chandler", Able Muse/Eratosphere, July 2010
"The Deep Season", The Raintown Review, Volume 9 Issue 2
"Editor's Note (Catherine Chandler)", 14 by 14, September 2009

Collections

For No Good Reason, Self-published chapbook; (2008),
All or Nothing, Self-published chapbook; (2010),
Lines of Flight, Able Muse Press; (April 4, 2011),
This Sweet Order, White Violet Press; (March 28, 2012),
Glad and Sorry Seasons, Biblioasis; (March 24, 2014),
 The Frangible Hour, University of Evansville Press; (Winner of the 2016 Richard Wilbur Award),
 Pointing Home, Kelsay Books; (April 25, 2019),
 Annals of the Dear Unknown, Kelsay Books; (June 21, 2022),

References

External links
 Intelligent Design: The Poetry of Catherine Chandler, The Catholic World Report, July, 2017
"Catherine Chandler's Blog", with numerous reviews of Chandler's work
 List of Quebec writers#C

Poets from New York City
21st-century American poets
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian women poets
McGill University Faculty of Education alumni
Academic staff of McGill University
Academic staff of Concordia University
Living people
1950 births
Wilkes University alumni
American women poets
Poets from Pennsylvania
Formalist poets
American expatriate writers in Canada
Writers from Montreal
21st-century American translators
21st-century Canadian women writers
American women academics
21st-century American women writers

Catherine Chandler


The 10 cm Kanone 17 (10 cm K 17) was a field gun used by Germany in World War I and World War II.

Development
The range of the 10 cm K 14 was deemed insufficient in combat and Krupp designed a new, longer (L/45) barrel that was mounted on the K 14's carriage. This made the gun too heavy to be transported as a single load; the barrel had to be removed and stowed on its own transport wagon. The ramps visible in the picture (see right), served to guide the barrel transport wagon into position to align the barrel with the recoil system to allow it to be winched into battery. They are fixed in place on this example, but were generally removable.

The K 17 used either a hydro-pneumatic or hydro spring recoil system, presumably depending on manufacturer.

Anti-aircraft role
Despite the recognition that the K 17 would not have any anti-aircraft role, most of the heavy and expensive features added to the K 14 in a failed bid to equip it as an AA gun were retained. Presumably this was to hasten the switchover from production of the K 14 to the K 17. A simpler version of the K 17 was designed in 1917 that harkened back to the K 04 in many ways. The complex sighting system was dropped in favor of one based on the sights used on the 15 cm sFH 13, variable recoil was deleted and the gun could not be broken down for transport. This was called the K 17/04; about a thousand were ordered in August 1917.

Counter battery gun
Because of its perceived value as an anti-aircraft weapon, the gun was a difficult piece to manufacture. Despite a few K 04s shooting down balloons during the war, these weapons never fulfilled a useful air defense niche. In 1914, few active army corps had heavy guns within their organization. These pieces were often found in reserve units. By 1918, all corps incorporated heavy guns. A Foot Artillery Battalion was typically organized with two howitzer batteries and one heavy gun battery. Overall it appears that the 10 cm guns did find useful service. They served as an excellent long-range counter battery weapon and were more than passable as an anti-personnel weapon. They were well paired with the 15 cm guns, which more commonly served in the anti-personnel role.

Fate
Germany was forbidden to use these guns by the Versailles Treaty and was supposed to scrap or sell all existing weapons. Some were sold to Sweden and Romania after the war, but some were hidden and saw service in World War II, mainly in the coastal defense role. Here the Kanone 1917 and K 17/04 soldiered on along with the 10 cm Kanone 1918, these three most modern types saw excellent service throughout World War II.

External links
K 17 on Lovett Artillery Collection
Development of the 10 cm Kanone on Lovett Artillery Collection
List and pictures of World War I surviving 10cm K 17 guns

References

 Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934–1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
 Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939–1945. New York: Doubleday, 1979
 Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997
 Jäger, Herbert. German Artillery of World War One. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2001

World War I artillery of Germany
World War II field artillery
World War II artillery of Germany
105 mm artillery

10 cm K 17


The Trusina massacre occurred on 16 April 1993 in the village of Trusina, located in the municipality of Konjic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where 22 people, four Croat prisoners of war and 18 Croat civilians, were killed by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) during the Croat–Bosniak War.

Background

On 16 April 1993, between 8 and 9am, an engagement between the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) and the forces of the Croatian Defense Council began. After the first few hours of the battle, ARBiH troops broke the Croatian defense, and captured Croat soldiers. Eighteen civilians, including two children, and four captured Croat fighters were killed in various locations during and/or after the battle.  The remaining civilians, mostly women and children were detained in several private houses, and later released from the village.

Trials
The Prosecution of Bosnia and Herzegovina charged six members of the Bosnian army's "Zulfikar" special unit including Mensur Memić, Dževad Salčin, Nedžad Hodžić, Senad Hakalović, Nihad Bojadžić and Zulfikar Ališpago for the murder of 22 people, including four HVO members and 18 civilians. Two other suspects, Edin Džeko and Rasema Handanović were extradited from the US for their alleged involvement, having been denaturalized and stripped of their US citizenship after their role in the massacre became known to US authorities.

In April 2012, Rasema Handanović pleaded guilty to killing Croat civilians and prisoners of war, expressing "deep regret" for her actions. She was sentenced to five and a half years imprisonment after she agreed to testify against the "Zulfikar" unit members in a plea bargain.

In September 2015, Memić, Hodžić, and Bojadžić were found guilty of killing of prisoners of war and civilians during a "preplanned and prepared attack against the Croat population of the village of Trusina". The trial verdict was upheld in January 2017.

References

External links

Massacres in the Bosnian War
1993 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Massacres in 1993
Bosniak war crimes in the Bosnian War
April 1993 events in Europe
Conflicts in 1993
Massacres of Croats

Trusina massacre


Joshua Holt Hamilton (born May 21, 1981) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder from 2007 to 2015, most prominently as a member of the Texas Rangers teams that won consecutive American League pennants in 2010 and 2011. A five-time All-Star, Hamilton won three Silver Slugger Awards and was named the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 2010. He also won an AL batting championship along with an AL RBI title. During his major league tenure, he also played for the Cincinnati Reds and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

Hamilton was chosen by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays with the first overall pick in the 1999 MLB draft. He was considered a blue chip prospect until injuries sustained in a 2001 car accident and a drug addiction derailed his career. Prior to the 2007 season, Hamilton was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the Rule 5 draft; the Cubs traded him to the Cincinnati Reds, where he made his MLB debut in 2007. Before the 2008 season, he was traded to the Texas Rangers, where he had a breakout season in 2008 and helped the team reach the World Series in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, Hamilton received more fan votes than any other player in the history of the All-Star Game. On May 8, 2012, Hamilton became the 16th player in MLB history to hit four home runs in a game; on that date, he also set an AL record for total bases in a game with 18. Hamilton was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame in 2019.

Hamilton signed with the Los Angeles Angels in 2012, but his tenure with the team was marred by injuries, performance issues, and a drug relapse. The Angels traded Hamilton back to the Rangers in 2015, and he played one more season for the Rangers before injuries ended his career.

In 2019, Hamilton was charged with a felony for allegedly assaulting his daughter. On February 22, 2022, Hamilton pleaded guilty to unlawful restraint.

Early life
Joshua Holt Hamilton was born on May 21, 1981, in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Tony and Linda Hamilton. Of majority Scottish heritage, Hamilton was raised in Raleigh, playing Little League Baseball alongside former South Carolina and Oakland Athletics catcher Landon Powell. Hamilton attended Athens Drive High School in Raleigh where he starred as both a pitcher and outfielder. As a high school senior, Hamilton ran the 60-yard dash in 6.7 seconds and was clocked at  on the mound. After hitting .529 in 25 games with 13 home runs, 20 stolen bases, 35 runs batted in (RBIs), and 34 runs scored, Hamilton was widely considered one of the top two prospects for the 1999 MLB draft, along with Josh Beckett, a Texas high school athlete. Hamilton initially signed a letter of intent to play college baseball for North Carolina State.

Professional career

Draft and minor leagues
The Tampa Bay Devil Rays owned the number one pick in the 1999 MLB draft and used it to select Hamilton. The Devil Rays viewed Hamilton as a can't-miss prospect. Hamilton signed with Tampa Bay, receiving a $3.96 million signing bonus, and joined their minor league system. His first stop in the minor leagues was the rookie-level Princeton Devil Rays of the Appalachian League, where he played 56 games. Hamilton later joined the Short Season Single-A club, the Hudson Valley Renegades, and helped lead them to their first New York–Penn League championship. He spent the 2000 season with the Charleston RiverDogs in the South Atlantic League. Hamilton hit .301 in 96 games, with 13 home runs and 61 RBIs. He was also selected to the South Atlantic League All Star game and took home MVP honors after going 2–6 with two triples and two runs scored. In addition, Hamilton was named to the 2000 All-Star Futures Game, a game designed to showcase minor league prospects. Hamilton was also voted Minor League Player of the Year by USA Today. At the start of Hamilton's professional career, his parents quit their jobs so they could travel with their son.

Prior to the 2001 season, Hamilton was involved in an automobile accident. The 2001 season marked the beginning of Hamilton's drug and alcohol use, and he made his first attempt at rehabilitation. Hamilton only played 45 games in the 2001 season, split between the Charleston (Single-A) and the Orlando Rays, a Double-A team in the Southern League. Hamilton began the 2002 season with the Bakersfield Blaze, batting .303 with nine home runs and 44 RBIs in 56 games before his season came to an end due to lingering toe and neck injuries.

During spring training of the 2003 season, Hamilton failed his first drug test. At the start of the season, Hamilton showed up late several times during spring training and was reassigned to the team's minor league camp. He left the team and resurfaced several times, but eventually took the rest of the season off for personal reasons. Hamilton was hoping to return to spring training with the Devil Rays in 2004, though was suspended 30 days and fined for violating the drug policy put in place by MLB. A "failed" test is one in which there is a positive result for a drug more severe than marijuana. A month later, MLB suspended him for the entire season after he failed two more tests.

Hamilton was out of baseball for almost three years. He made several attempts at rehabilitation, and started off the 2005 season with hopes of being a star major league outfielder. However, he was arrested before the season for smashing the windshield of a friend's truck. The Rays placed Hamilton on the restricted list, moving him off the 40-man roster. After another relapse, MLB suspended him for the entire 2006 season.

Hamilton's return to baseball was helped along by former minor league outfielder and manager Roy Silver, who owned a baseball academy in Florida. After hearing about Hamilton's desire to return to baseball, Silver offered the use of his facility if Hamilton agreed to work there. After several months there, Hamilton attempted to play with an independent minor league team, but MLB stepped in and disallowed it.

Hamilton was allowed to work out with the Devil Rays' minor league players starting on June 2, 2006. By the end of the month, he was allowed to participate in minor league games. In order for this to happen, the Rays had to run Hamilton through waivers, making him available for any team for $20,000. No team put a claim in for him. Hamilton played in 15 games with the Hudson Valley Renegades at the end of the 2006 season, his second stint with the minor league ball club.

Rule 5 draft
Left off the Rays' 40-man roster, Hamilton was selected third overall in the 2006 Rule 5 draft by the Chicago Cubs, who immediately traded him to the Reds for $100,000 ($50,000 for his rights, and $50,000 to cover the cost of the Rule 5 selection). In their coverage of the draft, Chris Kline and John Manuel of Baseball America called Hamilton "the biggest name in the Rule 5 in many years".

Cincinnati Reds (2007)

Hamilton was one of the Reds' best hitters in spring training in 2007, leaving camp with a .403 batting average. In order to retain the rights to Hamilton, though, the Reds would have to keep him on their Major League 25-man roster for the entire 2007 season, so they planned to use him as a fourth outfielder.

Hamilton made his Major League debut at the age of 26 on April 2 against the Chicago Cubs in a pinch-hit appearance, receiving a 22-second standing ovation. As he was waiting to bat, Cubs catcher Michael Barrett said, "You deserve it, Josh. Take it all in, brother. I'm happy for you." After he lined out, Hamilton stayed in the game to play left field. He made his first start on April 10 against the Arizona Diamondbacks, batting leadoff. In that game, he recorded his first Major League hit, a home run off Édgar González. The next night, he hit another. Hamilton was named the National League Rookie of the Month for April.

On May 22, the Reds placed Hamilton on the 15-day disabled list with gastroenteritis; they activated him on June 5 after he batted .333 (8-for-24) with four home runs and six RBIs in a six-game Minor League rehabilitation assignment. Hamilton went back on the DL on July 12 with a sprained wrist.

Hamilton ended up starting most of the season in center field after an injury to Ryan Freel, but was shut out in the voting for the Rookie of the Year, which was won by Ryan Braun. For the 2007 season, he hit .292 with 19 home runs and 47 runs batted in in 90 games.

On December 21, 2007, the Reds traded Hamilton to the Texas Rangers for Edinson Vólquez and Danny Herrera.

Texas Rangers (2008–2012)

2008

The 2008 season was a breakout season for Hamilton. He locked up the Rangers' starting center fielder job with a stellar spring training. His spring training performance continued into the regular season. Hamilton, usually slotted fourth in the Texas batting order, led all major league players in RBIs for the month of April. He was named AL Player of the Month after hitting .330 with 32 RBIs during the month. Hamilton then went on to win player of the month for the second straight month in May, becoming the first AL player in baseball history to be awarded Player of the Month for the first two months of the season. Hamilton was featured on the cover of the June 2, 2008, issue of Sports Illustrated, in a story chronicling his comeback. On July 9, Hamilton hit the first walk-off home run of his career, against Francisco Rodríguez.

Fans selected Hamilton as one of the starting outfielders for the AL at the 2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Yankee Stadium. He finished first in voting among outfielders. He was one of seven first-time starters in the game. Along with Kosuke Fukudome, Geovany Soto, and Ryan Braun, Hamilton was one of four who had made their MLB debut in 2007 or 2008. He was selected to participate in the 2008 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby the evening before the game. Hamilton selected 71-year-old Clay Council to throw to him during the Derby. Council was a volunteer who threw batting practice for him as a child in Raleigh, North Carolina. In the first round of the event Hamilton hit 28 home runs, breaking the single-round record of 24 set by Bobby Abreu in 2005. Hamilton ended up hitting the most total home runs in the contest with 35, but lost in the final round to Justin Morneau, as the scores were reset. His record-setting first round included 13 straight home runs at one point, and seven that went further than . His longest home run was 518 feet. In 2006, when Hamilton was trying to get back into baseball, he had a dream in which he participated in a Home Run Derby at Yankee Stadium, but he could not remember how many home runs he had hit. After the Derby, Hamilton said: "This was like living the dream out, because like I've said, I didn't know the ending to that dream."

On August 17, Hamilton was intentionally walked with the bases loaded against the Rays in the bottom of the ninth, with the Rays leading 7–3, to bring Marlon Byrd to the plate. The Rays went on to win the game 7–4. Hamilton thus became the sixth player in history, and the first American League player in 107 years, to receive an intentional walk with the bases loaded.

In the 2008 season, Hamilton had a .304 batting average, 32 home runs, and an American League-leading 130 runs batted in. He won a Silver Slugger Award and finished seventh in the balloting for AL MVP, behind Dustin Pedroia, Justin Morneau, Kevin Youkilis, Joe Mauer, Carlos Quentin, and Francisco Rodríguez.

2009
Hamilton endured an injury-plagued season in 2009.

In spring training, Hamilton led all players in RBIs, with 27, and total bases, with 59, in 81 at-bats. He hit a  home run into the right field home run porch off Angels reliever Shane Loux in the bottom of the eighth inning on May 15 in Arlington. Then, in the same series against the Angels, Hamilton leaped at the wall in center field and slammed into it, robbing Howie Kendrick of a possible home run.
In June 2009, Hamilton went on the disabled list with an abdominal strain caused by the May wall collision. On June 9, Hamilton underwent a successful surgical procedure to repair the tear. He was expected to be out for four to six weeks.

Though injured, Hamilton was selected by fan voting to play in the 2009 All-Star game.

In August 2009, Hamilton acknowledged that he had become intoxicated at an Arizona bar in January and had been photographed "in lurid poses" with women other than his wife. Hamilton apologized for his behavior.

Hamilton batted .268 with 10 home runs and 54 RBIs in 2009.

2010: MVP season and trip to World Series

In 2010, Hamilton was moved to left field to make room for Julio Borbon in center field. As in his prior two seasons with the Rangers, Hamilton was selected to start in the 2010 All-Star Game. He was one of six members of the Rangers to represent the franchise at the 2010 All-Star Game. Hamilton entered the All-Star Break with a .346 batting average, tied for first in the AL with Miguel Cabrera.

On August 27, Hamilton set a Rangers record with his 24th three-hit game of the season. On September 4, Hamilton bruised his rib cage after making a leaping catch and crashing into an outfield wall. He was later found to have two fractured ribs. Hamilton returned to the lineup on October 1, hitting a home run the next day.

Hamilton hit for a league-leading .359 average in 2010, winning his first batting title. He also finished fourth in Major League Baseball in OBP (.411), first in slugging percentage (.633) and OPS (1.044), and tied for 10th in home runs (32), despite missing 29 games due to an injury.

On October 22, Hamilton and the Rangers won the 2010 ALCS, defeating the New York Yankees in six games. With four home runs and seven RBIs, Hamilton won the ALCS MVP Award.

The 2010 World Series was the Rangers' first-ever World Series. The Rangers were defeated by the San Francisco Giants, four games to one. Hamilton hit .100 with one home run and one run batted in.

Hamilton won the AL Players Choice Award for Outstanding Player in 2010. He also won a Silver Slugger Award. On November 23, 2010, Hamilton was voted the American League Most Valuable Player.

2011: Second trip to World Series
On February 10, 2011, Hamilton avoided arbitration by signing a contract for two years and $24 million with the Rangers. On April 12, in Detroit, he suffered a fracture to his right humerus on a play at home plate. He returned to the Rangers' lineup on May 23, and went 2–4 against Chicago White Sox pitcher John Danks, hitting his first home run of the season on the second pitch he saw during his first at-bat. He was an All-Star in 2011.

On July 7, during a home game at Rangers Ballpark, a 39-year-old firefighter died while catching a foul ball tossed into the stands by Hamilton. The fan, Shannon Stone, leaned over the rail to catch the ball and fell 20 feet. It was the third incident in which a fan fell out of the stands at Rangers Ballpark. On September 30, the son of the fallen firefighter threw out the ceremonial first pitch to Hamilton to start the American League Division Series.

In the 2011 season, Hamilton batted .298 with 25 home runs. He was third in the American League in sacrifice flies (10), sixth in intentional walks (13), and eighth in slugging percentage (.536).

The Rangers defeated the Detroit Tigers four games to two in the 2011 American League Championship Series to advance to the World Series for the second consecutive season. In the 2011 World Series, the St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Rangers in seven games. Hamilton hit .241 with one home run and six runs batted in during the Series.

2012: Continued success
On February 2, 2012, it was reported Hamilton had suffered a relapse with alcohol. Hamilton held a press conference on February 3, 2012, to apologize for his actions.

Hamilton hit .395 with nine home runs and 25 RBI during the month of April and was named the league's AL Player of the Month. His home run total for the month tied a franchise record for April with four other Rangers.

On May 8, in a 10–3 win over the Baltimore Orioles at Camden Yards, Hamilton registered multiple career-highs; he had five hits in five at-bats, hitting four two-run home runs and a double for a total of eight runs batted in. In doing this, he not only became just the 16th player in MLB history to hit four home runs in one game and the first to do so since Carlos Delgado in 2003, but also set the American League record for most total bases in a single game with 18. Hamilton was one base shy of tying the Major League record.

Hamilton was selected to appear in his fifth All-Star Game after accumulating the most fan votes by any player in the history of the All-Star Game selection process. José Bautista held the previous record with 7,454,753 votes in 2011 until Hamilton received 11,073,744 in 2012. The record stood until 2015, when Josh Donaldson received 14,090,188 votes.

Because Hamilton had been hitting .190 with a slugging percentage of .374 since June 1, Manager Ron Washington moved Hamilton to the fifth spot in the batting order before a game with the White Sox on July 29. Washington said he moved Hamilton in hopes of taking some of the pressure off of him. Hamilton responded quickly; on July 29, he recorded multiple walks for the first time in the month of July and did not record a strikeout for the first time in seven games. On July 30 he went 3–for–4 with a home run, his first game recording greater than two hits since May 11.

For the 2012 season, Hamilton hit .285 with 43 home runs and 128 runs batted in and finished in fifth place in the American League Most Valuable Player voting. He also won his third Silver Slugger Award. The Rangers lost the 2012 American League Wild Card Game to the Baltimore Orioles.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2013–2014)

On December 13, 2012, Hamilton agreed in principle to a five-year contract worth $125 million with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. This deal became official on December 15. Hamilton's Angels tenure was not a successful one.

2013
During his first year with the Angels, Hamilton played in 151 games, batting .250 with 21 home runs and 79 RBIs.

2014
In the 2014 season, Hamilton batted .263 with 10 home runs and 44 RBIs in 89 games. Hamilton incurred a thumb injury and a shoulder injury during the season.

In the ALDS against the Kansas City Royals, Hamilton went hitless (going 0-for-13 overall).

2015
In February 2015, Hamilton underwent shoulder surgery to repair a separated shoulder. While he was recovering, it was revealed he had a relapse into his drug addiction, which he voluntarily reported to MLB. An outside arbitrator ruled Hamilton's voluntary admission did not violate baseball's drug policy, and he could not be suspended. Despite the ruling, Angels owner Arte Moreno made comments to the media implying that he did not want Hamilton back on the team's roster. Furthermore, all Hamilton-related merchandise items were removed and recalled from all stores. The Players Association and several Angels players spoke up in Hamilton's defense. The Angels began to lay out a rehabilitation plan for him, but shortly afterwards, trade rumors were reported.

Hamilton was traded back to the Rangers on April 27, 2015, for cash or a player to be named later. The Angels remained responsible for paying most of the remaining monies due to him under the five-year contract he signed with them in 2012. The contract that Hamilton signed with the Angels is widely regarded as one of the worst free agent signings in MLB history.

Second stint with the Texas Rangers (2015-2017)

2015
After rehabilitating his injured shoulder between the Rangers' AA and AAA Minor League affiliates, Hamilton was called up to the MLB team on May 24, and was inserted into the starting lineup on May 25 in a Memorial Day matchup in Cleveland against the Indians. He recorded his first hit back with the Rangers on May 25. On May 28 of the same year, Hamilton returned to Texas for the first time in a Rangers uniform since leaving the team after the 2012 season. He received a standing ovation, hit a double on the first pitch he saw, and went 2–4 in the game, driving in the only run for his own team in a 5–1 loss. On May 29, Hamilton hit two home runs in his first multi-homer game with the Rangers since 2012, leading the team to a 7–4 victory. Two days later, he hit a pinch-hit two-run double vs. the Red Sox to win the game in walk-off fashion, 4–3. On July 30, 2015, Hamilton recorded four RBI in a 7–6 Rangers' win over the New York Yankees.

For the 2015 season, Hamilton hit .253 with eight home runs and 25 runs batted in in 50 games.

In the ALDS, Hamilton's first hit was a single in Game 3. This ended his postseason hitless streak at 31 at-bats, which tied for the second-longest such streak of all time.

2016
On May 25, 2016, it was announced that Hamilton would be out for the entire 2016 season after undergoing knee surgery for the third time in nine months. The Rangers activated Hamilton from the disabled list and released him on August 23.

2017
Hamilton did not play in 2017. On January 16, 2017, Texas re-signed Hamilton to a minor-league deal with intentions of him trying out at first base. On February 26, it was revealed Hamilton was experiencing discomfort in his left knee—the same knee on which he had undergone surgery during the 2016 season. On February 27, Hamilton underwent surgery on his left knee to repair torn cartilage that was causing discomfort. On April 21, the Rangers released Hamilton after revealing that he suffered a right knee injury while rehabilitating his left knee.

Career statistics and recognition
In 1,027 games over nine seasons, Hamilton posted a .290 batting average (1,134-for-3,909) with 609 runs, 234 doubles, 24 triples, 200 home runs, 701 RBI, 50 stolen bases, 352 bases on balls, .349 on-base percentage and .516 slugging percentage. Defensively, he recorded a .980 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In 42 postseason games, he hit .202 (33-for-163) with 18 runs, 9 doubles, 6 home runs, 23 RBI, 4 stolen bases and 15 walks for a .633 OPS overall. Hamilton was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame in 2019.

Personal life

Family
Hamilton was married to Katie (née Chadwick), the daughter of Michael Chadwick who helped guide him in his recovery from drugs and alcohol abuse for several years. They started dating in 2002 when he returned to Raleigh, and married in 2004. In early 2015, shortly after another substance-abuse relapse, Hamilton filed for divorce from Katie after 11 years of marriage. The couple had three daughters together, along with Katie's daughter from a previous relationship.

Drug addiction and alcoholism
Prior to the 2001 season, Hamilton was involved in an automobile accident. His mother and father were also injured but recovered. The 2001 season marked the beginning of Hamilton's drug and alcohol use, and he made his first attempt at rehabilitation. He first stopped using drugs and alcohol after being confronted by his grandmother, Mary Holt. During spring training of the 2003 season, Hamilton failed his first drug test. Hamilton was hoping to return to spring training with the Devil Rays in 2004, though was suspended 30 days and fined for violating the drug policy put in place by MLB. A "failed" test is one in which there is a positive result for a drug more severe than marijuana. A month later, MLB suspended him for the entire season after he failed two more tests.

Hamilton was out of baseball for almost three years. He made several attempts at rehabilitation. He was arrested before the 2005 season for smashing the windshield of a friend's truck. The Rays placed Hamilton on the restricted list, moving him off the 40-man roster. After another relapse, MLB suspended him for the entire 2006 season.
During the days of his most prolific abuse, Hamilton met a businessman named Michael Chadwick, who made an attempt to steer him in the right direction. It was through this relationship Hamilton ended up meeting his wife, Katie, who was Chadwick's daughter. Hamilton's return to baseball was helped along by former minor league outfielder and manager Roy Silver, who owned a baseball academy in Florida. After hearing about Hamilton's desire to return to baseball, Silver offered the use of his facility if Hamilton agreed to work there. Hamilton first started working at Silver's Academy in January 2006. His duties included cleaning the bathrooms and raking the infield. Hamilton spent his nights sleeping on an air mattress in one of the facility's offices.

In 2007, The New York Times reported that Hamilton provided urine samples for drug testing at least three times per week to comply with the provisions of MLB's drug policy.

A portion of the story of Hamilton's return to sobriety was shown on The Learning Channel's reality show "The Real Deal". "A Home Run for Trademark" aired March 31, 2007, and chronicled the renovation of Shoeless Joe Jackson's house during 2006. Richard C. Davis, the owner of Trademark Properties, hired Hamilton as the construction foreman. Davis was negotiating the purchase of a minor league baseball team and entertaining the idea of giving Hamilton a chance to join the team.

In May 2008, Hamilton said he had not used drugs or alcohol since October 6, 2005.

When giving a brief summary of his recovery, Hamilton has said: "It's a God thing." He has stated publicly that he believes that Jesus brought him back from the brink, and that faith is what keeps him going. Hamilton also wrote an autobiography called Beyond Belief which explains how he quit drugs and alcohol and found a relationship with God.

In late 2008, Hamilton, among other celebrities such as Brian Welch and Greg Ellis, appeared in testimonial videos entitled "I Am Second". In his video, Hamilton shared his story of recovering from drug use with the help of his Christian faith.

Hamilton confirmed that he had suffered a relapse in early 2009 after photos were released in August 2009. Sports website Deadspin posted photos of Hamilton shirtless in a bar in Tempe, Arizona with several women. According to reports, witnesses saw Hamilton drinking, heard him asking where he could obtain cocaine, and heard him reveal his plans to go to a strip club later that evening. The photos do not show Hamilton drinking or taking any illegal drugs.

Although this news did not break until August 2009, Hamilton revealed he had informed his wife, the Texas Rangers, and MLB the day after the incident occurred. Hamilton called a press conference on August 8 to discuss the photos. Regarding the incident, Hamilton said:
Obviously it was one of those things that reinforce that I can't have alcohol. I got away from the one thing that kept me on the straight and narrow and that was my relationship with the Lord. That should always come first.  Hamilton also admitted he had very little memory of the night after getting drunk. MLB tested Hamilton for illegal drugs two days after the incident and he passed that test.

Hamilton's Rangers teammates—mindful of his past struggles—chose to celebrate major events (such as winning the 2010 American League Division Series and 2010 American League Championship Series) with ginger ale instead of champagne. The Rangers repeated the celebrations with ginger ale the following postseason when they won their second consecutive pennant and reached the 2011 World Series.

On February 2, 2012, it was reported Hamilton had suffered a relapse with alcohol. He claimed to have had two or three drinks before inviting his friend and then-teammate, Ian Kinsler, to talk at a bar. Hamilton held a press conference on February 3, 2012, to apologize for his actions.

In February 2015, Hamilton relapsed, using both cocaine and alcohol. Hamilton voluntarily reported his relapse to MLB. An outside arbitrator ruled Hamilton's voluntary admission did not violate baseball's drug policy, and he could not be suspended.

Legal issues
Hamilton was arrested on October 30, 2019, and charged with injury to a child, a third-degree felony, after being accused of physically assaulting his oldest daughter. On April 8, 2020, Hamilton was indicted on a felony charge for beating his daughter. The charge carried a sentence of up to ten years in prison. On February 22, 2022, Hamilton was found guilty of unlawful restraint under a plea deal in the misdemeanor case arising from the October 2019 incident. Hamilton received a year of probation, was fined $500, and was ordered to undergo 20 hours of community service along with anger management counseling and parenting rehabilitation classes. In addition, Hamilton was prohibited from possessing any weapons or substances that relate to drugs and alcohol. He was also ordered not to make any contact or communication with his oldest daughter during his probation. If he satisfies the probation requirements, the charge will be dismissed.

See also

List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
List of Major League Baseball batting champions
Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award
List of Major League Baseball single-game records

References

External links

Josh Hamilton on FoxSports
Josh Hamilton Video on FoxSports Video Archive
"I'm proof that hope is never lost" from ESPN the Magazine (7/16/2007)
HELL AND BACK from ESPN the Magazine (6/21/2004)
Josh Hamilton Video on ESPN Video Archive
Triple Play Ministries of Josh and Katie Hamilton

1981 births
Living people
Cincinnati Reds players
Texas Rangers players
Los Angeles Angels players
Hudson Valley Renegades players
Princeton Devil Rays players
Charleston RiverDogs players
Orlando Rays players
Bakersfield Blaze players
Louisville Bats players
Oklahoma City RedHawks players
Frisco RoughRiders players
Round Rock Express players
Salt Lake Bees players
American League All-Stars
American League batting champions
American League RBI champions
Athens Drive High School alumni
Baseball players from Raleigh, North Carolina
Baseball players suspended for drug offenses
Major League Baseball outfielders
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
American League Championship Series MVPs
Silver Slugger Award winners
American sportspeople convicted of crimes
American Christians

Josh Hamilton


A minor seminary or high school seminary is a secondary day or boarding school created for the specific purpose of enrolling teenage boys who have expressed interest in becoming Catholic priests. They are generally Catholic institutions, and designed to prepare boys both academically and spiritually for vocations to the priesthood and religious life. They emerged in cultures and societies where literacy was not universal, and the minor seminary was seen as a means to prepare younger boys in literacy for later entry into the major seminary.

The minor seminary is no longer very familiar in the developed world. The 1917 Code of Canon Law described the purpose of minor seminaries as: "to take care especially to protect from the contagion of the world, to train in piety, to imbue with the rudiments of literary studies, and to foster in them the seed of a divine vocation". Suitable boys were encouraged to graduate to a major seminary, where they would continue their tertiary studies for the priesthood.

The program of priestly formation of the USCCB refers to them as "high school seminaries" rather than minor seminaries.

Today, college seminaries, where philosophy is studied, are often called minor seminaries even though they are for those who have completed high school.

Currently Operating Minor Seminaries

Canada
Seminary of Christ the King, (Mission, British Columbia)

East Timor
 Seminary of Our Lady of Fatima – minor seminary, located in Dare
 Seminary of SS Peter and Paul – major seminary, located in Fatumeta
 Good Shepherd Minor Seminary, Pala, India
 St Paul's Minor Seminary, Akalpur, Jammu

Ghana
 St Teresa's Minor Seminary

India
St.Joseph Minor Seminary, Kalamassery – Minor Seminary for the Archdiocese of Verapoly, Kerala.
 St. Aloysius Seminary, Trivandrum – minor seminary for the Syro-Malankara Archeparchy of Trivandrum
 St. Agnes Minor Seminary, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu
 Sacred Heart Minor Seminary, Thrikkakara, Kochi, Kerala - Minor seminary for the Archeparchy of Ernakulam- Angamaly

Indonesia
 Minor seminary of Saint Paul Palembang
 Peter Canisius Minor Seminary Mertoyudan
 Wacana Bhakti Minor Seminary

Pakistan
 St. Mary's Minor Seminary, Lahore
 Our Lady of Lourdes Minor Seminary, Islamabad–Rawalpindi, founded in 1995
 St. Pius X Minor Seminary – Karachi, founded in 1958
 St. Thomas the Apostle Minor Seminary, Faisalabad, founded in 1981

Philippines
 St. Augustine Minor Seminary-Minor Seminary of Iba, Zambales, Luzon covering Olongapo City and Zambales Province
 San Jacinto Seminary (Penablanca, Cagayan) –Minor Seminary of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao
 Diocesan Seminary of the Heart of Jesus (San Fernando La Union) –minor seminary
 Immaculate Conception Minor Seminary (Vigan, Ilocos Sur)
 St. Mary's Seminary (Laoag, Ilocos Norte) - minor seminary
 Immaculate Conception Minor Seminary (Guiguinto, Bulacan) – Minor seminary of the Diocese of Malolos
 John Paul II Minor Seminary (Antipolo, Rizal) – high school seminary of the Diocese of Antipolo
 Oblates of St. Joseph Minor Seminary (San Jose, Batangas) – high school seminary
 Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary (Makati) – high school seminary of the Archdiocese of Manila
 Our Lady of Mount Carmel Seminary (Sariaya, Quezon) - Minor Seminary, Diocese of Lucena
 Pope John XXIII Seminary (Cebu City), Minor Seminary of the Archdiocese of Cebu
 Pope Paul VI Minor Seminary (Maasin City, Southern Leyte)
 Saint Francis de Sales Minor Seminary (Lipa City, Batangas) - Minor(High School) Seminary of the Archdiocese of Lipa
 Holy Rosary Minor Seminary (Naga City, Camarines Sur) Archdiocese of Caceres
 St. Gregory the Great Seminary (Panal, Tabaco City); Celebrating 50 years in Panal 2–3 September 2010. Minor Seminary for the Diocese of Legazpi
 Our Lady of Peñafrancia Seminary Sorsogon City), Diocese of Sorsogon
 St. Anthony High School Seminary (Kinamaligan, Masbate City) Under the supervision of the Diocese of Masbate
 Sto. Nino Seminary (Numancia, Aklan) - minor and college
 St. Pius X Seminary (Lawaan, Roxas City, Capiz) - minor seminary of the Archdiocese of Capiz
 Saint Vincent Ferrer Seminary - (Jaro, Iloilo City) - Minor Seminary of the Archdiocese of Jaro
 Seminario de San Jose (Puerto Princesa City, Palawan) - minor and major seminary
 Seminario de Jesús Nazareno (Borongan City, Eastern Samar) - Minor seminary of the Diocese of Borongan

Poland
 Minor Seminary of the Archdiocese of Częstochowa - high school seminary of the Archdiocese of Częstochowa
 Minor Seminary of the Diocese of Płock - minor seminary of the Diocese of Płock

United States
The following minor seminaries operate in the USA today.
 Blessed Jose Sanchez del Rio Minor Seminary (Mankato, Minnesota), high school seminary run by the Institute of the Incarnate Word; opened in 2008.
 Sacred Heart Apostolic School (Rolling Prairie, Indiana) run by the Legionaries of Christ, opened in 2005
 St. Lawrence High School Seminary (Mount Calvary, Wisconsin) run by the Capuchin Friars, opened in 1860
St. Joseph Seminary (Rathdrum, Idaho) (Sedevacantist)
 Servants of the Holy Family (Colorado Springs, Colorado)
St. Joseph House of Formation (Under Construction) (Wichita, Kansas) Wichita Diocese

Uganda
Bukalasa Minor Seminary
Christ the King Seminary, Kisubi,
St. Joseph's Seminary, Nyenga – minor seminary
Mubende Seminary – in Nandele and Nyenga; minor seminary
Nadiket seminary – for the dioceses of Kotido and Moroto
Saint Charles seminary – minor seminary
Saints Joseph's and Gabriel's Junior Seminary Nswanjere – located in Nswanjere, Mpigi District.
St. Pius X Seminary – Nagongera – Located in Tororo district; West Budama County; Junior and Minor Seminary
St. Paul's Seminary – Rushoroza – in Kabale for Kabale Diocese; minor seminary
 Kitabi Seminary in Bushenyi for Mbarara Arch diocese; minor seminary
 Sacred Heart Mission for the Brothers of Divine Mercy; Missionary preparation
 Sacred Heart Seminary Lacor – Gulu archdiocese
 St Peter's Seminary-Madera) – in Soroti for Soroti Diocese; minor seminary

Vietnam
Sacred Heart Seminary of Thai Binh – Minor Seminary of the Diocese of Thái Bình
Saint Nicolas Seminary of Phan Thiet – Minor Seminary of the Diocese of Phan Thiết

External links
Code of Canon Law (1983), IntraText edition with referenced concordance, hosted by the Vatican
Catholic Encyclopedia: Canon Law
Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (sedevacantist)
Blessed Jose Sanchez del Rio Minor Seminary
Sacred Heart Apostolic School

References

School types

Minor seminary


Lt.-Colonel The Hon. Alexander Auldjo (21 October 1758 – 21 May 1821) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.

Life
He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1758, the son of a prominent merchant, John Auldjo (1710–1786), of Portlethen Castle and Aberdeen. He came to Montreal around 1778. He became involved in the fur trade and, later, in the export of wheat and the importing of goods from England. Auldjo also owned property at Montreal and in Upper Canada. In 1796, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West. He was also named a justice of the peace for Montreal district in 1796 and became a warden of Trinity House of Quebec in 1800. He served in the local militia and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel during the War of 1812. Auldjo was agent for the Phoenix Assurance Company of London in Upper and Lower Canada and later for the Pelican Life Assurance Company. He returned to England in 1813. In 1817, he became a shareholder in the Bank of Montreal.  His brother George was Lord Provost of Aberdeen.

Family

In 1804, Auldjo married Eweretta Jane, daughter of Thomas Richardson, merchant in Portsoy, Banffshire and his second wife Helen Phyn, a sister of James Phyn. They were married at Portsoy on 21 January 1804, where Auldjo is designated a merchant in Canada. Eweretta Richardson was the half sister of John Richardson. The Auldjos were the parents of John Auldjo and Thomas Auldjo. The latter married a daughter of William McGillivray and the former was a godson of Simon McGillivray. His nephew, George Auldjo, later became a Montreal merchant and a partner in the company formed by his uncle. Alexander Auldjo died at London, 1821.

References

External links

1758 births
1821 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Politicians from Aberdeen
Immigrants to the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
Canadian justices of the peace

Alexander Auldjo


General William Maule, 1st Earl Panmure (1700–1782) was a Scottish soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons for 47 years from 1735 to 1782.

Life
Maule was raised in France by his father the Honourable Henry Maule, younger brother of James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure and was educated at Leyden (1718) and at the Scots College in Paris (1719). His father had fled to France with his brother James after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715.

He returned to Scotland following the general pardon of 1719 and enlisted as an ensign in the 1st Foot in October 1727. He became a captain in the 25th Foot in 1737, and a captain and lieutenant-colonel in the 3rd Foot Guards in 1741. He was promoted major in 1745 and colonel of the army in 1745. He was appointed Colonel of the 25th Foot in 1747, transferring as Colonel to the 21st Foot in 1752. Further promotion followed to major-general in 1755, lieutenant-general in 1758 and full general on 13 April 1770. He was finally appointed Colonel of the Royal Scots Greys in November 1770, a position he held until his death.

In 1742 he acquired Braikie Castle between Brechin and Arbroath.

He bought back the family estate of Brechin Castle, Forfar and was created Baron Maule, Viscount Maule and Earl Panmure in the Peerage of Ireland in 1743, his uncle's earldom having been forfeit by attainder in 1716. From 1735 to 1782 he represented Forfarshire in Parliament. Lord Panmure had no children and, on his death, his estates were divided between a cousin George Ramsay, 8th Earl of Dalhousie, and George's second son, William.

References

 Edith Lady Haden-Guest, Maule, William, 1st Earl of Panmure (1700–82), of Kellie, Forfar. in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754–1790 (1964).

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1700 births
1782 deaths
Royal Scots Fusiliers officers
Royal Scots Greys officers
British Army generals
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
Maule, William
British MPs 1741–1747
British MPs 1747–1754
British MPs 1754–1761
British MPs 1761–1768
British MPs 1768–1774
British MPs 1774–1780
British MPs 1780–1784
Earls in the Peerage of Ireland
William
Peers of Ireland created by George II

William Maule, 1st Earl Panmure


Namyeong station is a ground-level metro station on Seoul Subway Line 1 in Galwol Dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Subways of Line 1 move on Gyeongbu Line from this station.  The station's sole exit offers access to a range of schools and Yongsan Railway Office.  Travel time from Namyeong Station to Incheon on Line 1 is 65 minutes.

Though not connected by transfer, Namyeong station is only a two- to three-minute walk from Sookmyung Women's University station or Samgakji station on Line 4 & Line 6. (Only for Samgakji station) (Line 6)

History
Namyeong station opened on August 15, 1974, with services on Line 1 to Incheon and Suwon.

References

External links
 Station information from Korail

Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Metro stations in Yongsan District
Railway stations opened in 1974
Railway stations in South Korea opened in the 1970s

Namyeong station


John James Fraser (August 1, 1829 – November 24, 1896) was a New Brunswick (Canada) lawyer, judge, and politician.

John Fraser was born at Beaubears Island, New Brunswick. He married twice, the first time in 1867 to Martha Cumming. She died in 1871 and in 1884 he married Jane Maria Paulette Fisher, eldest daughter of former Premier, Charles Fisher.

In 1865 he won a seat in the colonial legislature as an Anti-Confederation Party MLA but lost his seat the next year. After Canadian confederation he ultimately joined the government and was appointed to the legislative council serving as president of the Executive Council from 1871 to 1872. That year he won a seat in the legislature and served as Provincial Secretary from 1872 to 1878 when he succeeded George E. King as Premier and Attorney-General.

Fraser was the first premier to give both the Acadian and the Irish sections of the Roman Catholic community effective representation in cabinet. Pierre-Amand Landry was made commissioner of public works, while Michael Adams became a surveyor-general with responsibility for administering crown lands.

In 1882, after running unsuccessfully for a seat in the federal parliament, Fraser left politics and was appointed to the provincial supreme court and from 1893 to 1896 he served as the ninth Lieutenant Governor of the province.

John Fraser died in 1896 in Genoa, Italy.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Government of New Brunswick profile of Premier Fraser

1829 births
1896 deaths
Lawyers in New Brunswick
Judges in New Brunswick
Premiers of New Brunswick
Lieutenant Governors of New Brunswick
Canadian people of Scottish descent

John James Fraser