Leon Ames (born Harry Leon Wycoff; January 20, 1902 – October 12, 1993) was an American film and television actor. He is best remembered for playing father figures in such films as Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) with Lucille Bremer, Margaret O'Brien and Judy Garland as his daughters, Little Women (1949), On Moonlight Bay (1951) and By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953). His best-known dramatic role may have been as DA Kyle Sackett in the crime film The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946).

Early years
Leon Ames was born Harry Leon Wycoff on January 20, 1902 in Portland, Indiana to Charles Elmer Wycoff and Cora Alice (DeMoss) Wycoff. Some sources list his original last name as Wykoff or Waycoff, and in his early films, he acted under the name of Leon Waycoff. In 1935, Ames explained that he had changed his name because Waycoff was often misspelled and mispronounced. Ames was his mother's maiden name.

In the 1910 census, when his family was residing in Fowler, Indiana, Ames' name was given as Harry L. Wycoff and his father was listed as a manager of a meat market. During World War I, Ames served in the field artillery of the U.S. Army and later in the flying corps (the Army Air Service).

Stage
Ames' involvement with entertainment began when he worked as a stage manager for the Charles K. Champlin Theatre Company. He ventured into acting with the group and progressed to the lead in a production of Tomorrow and Tomorrow in Los Angeles. He acted for three years with the Stuart Walker Stock Company in Cincinnati.

He debuted on Broadway in It Pays to Sin (1933). His other Broadway credits include Howie (1958), Winesburg, Ohio, (1958), Slightly Married (1943), The Russian People (1942), Little Darling (1942), Guest in the House (1942), The Land Is Bright (1941), The Male Animal (1940), Thirsty Soil (1937), A House in the Country (1937) and Bright Honor (1936).

Film

Ames made his film debut in Quick Millions in 1931. During the 1940s, he was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Among his important roles at MGM was his portrayal of Mr. Smith in the studio's 1944 hit film Meet Me in St. Louis.

Ames was also featured in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), portraying the district attorney Kyle Sackett. He appeared in the Doris Day-Gordon MacRae film On Moonlight Bay (1951), its sequel By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953) and Peyton Place (1957) andFrom the Terrace (1960).

In the 1961 Walt Disney comedy The Absent-Minded Professor, Ames played college president Rufus Daggett. He reprised the role in the film's 1963 sequel Son of Flubber. In 1970, he was cast as Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox in the action war film Tora! Tora! Tora! His last screen role occurred in Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), playing the grandfather of Kathleen Turner's character.

Radio and television
Ames' first radio broadcast was in January 1942 on Grand Central Station.

His television roles included leads in the adaptations of Life with Father (1953–55) and Father of the Bride (1961–62). His role in Father of the Bride was soon increased because he had become the series' dominant character.

Ames had the title role of judge John Cooper in the syndicated series Frontier Judge and played Howard McMann in Bewitched. He joined the cast of Mister Ed (1963–66) as a neighbor following the death of actor Larry Keating. Ames also appeared in episodes of the NBC anthology series The Barbara Stanwyck Show and on the short-lived CBS legal drama Storefront Lawyers. He played a grandfather in the 1975 The Jeffersons episode "Jenny's Grandparents".

Other professional activities
Ames was a founder of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933, and he served as its president in 1957.  During the 1960s, Ames owned several Ford dealerships in California.

Personal life
Ames was the father of Robert Fletcher, who was left with his mother when she and Ames split up in 1923.

Ames wed actress Christine Gossett in 1938. The couple had a daughter, Shelley (b. 1940), and a son, Leon (b. 1943). Christine retired early from acting to raise their family. They remained married until Ames' death in 1993.

Ames supported Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election.

Kidnapping
On February 12, 1964, Ames and his wife were held hostage in their home as an intruder demanded $50,000 before he would free them. Ames called his business partner, who obtained the money from a bank and delivered it to the house as instructed. After inspecting the cash, the kidnapper left Ames in the house, bound with tape, and instructed Mrs. Ames to drive him in the couple's car. He also forced both the business partner and a guest in the Ames house into the trunk. Eventually, police (who had been alerted by the partner while he was picking up the money) surrounded the car and freed the hostages.

Death
On October 12, 1993, Ames died at the age of 91 in Laguna Beach, California of complications after suffering a stroke. His gravesite is at Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Recognition
In 1980, after 50 years in showbusiness, Ames received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.

Filmography

Quick Millions (1931) as Hood (as Leon Waycoff)
Cannonball Express (1932) as Jack Logan (as Leon Waycoff)
Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932) as Pierre Dupin (as Leon Waycoff)
Stowaway (1932) as Tommy (as Leon Waycoff)
State's Attorney (1932) as First Trial Prosecutor (uncredited)
The Famous Ferguson Case (1932) as Judd Brooks (as Leon Waycoff)
Thirteen Women (1932) (scenes cut)
A Successful Calamity (1932) as Barney Davis - Witon's Junior Associate (as Leon Waycoff)
That's My Boy (1932) as Al Williams (as Leon Waycoff)
Uptown New York (1932) as Max Silver (as Leon Waycoff)
Silver Dollar (1932) as Yates' Secretary (uncredited)
Parachute Jumper (1933) as Pilot with Alabama (uncredited)
Forgotten (1933) as Louie Strauss (as Leon Waycoff)
Alimony Madness (1933) as John Thurman (as Leon Waycoff)
The Man Who Dared (1933) as (as Leon Waycoff)
Ship of Wanted Men (1933) as Capt. John Holden (as Leon Waycoff)
Only Yesterday (1933) as Lee (uncredited)
The Crosby Case (1934) as Clifford Mulford (uncredited)
I'll Tell the World (1934) as Spud Marshall (as Leon Waycoff)
Now I'll Tell (1934) as Max (as Leon Waycoff)
The Count of Monte Cristo (1934) as Beauchamp (uncredited)
Mutiny Ahead (1935) as McMurtrie
Rescue Squad (1935) as Lester Vaughn (as Leon Waycoff)
Reckless (1935) as Ralph Watson (as Leon Waycoff)
Strangers All (1935) as Frank Walker
Get That Man (1935) as Don Clayton / McDonald (as Leon Waycoff)
Death in the Air (1936) as Carl Goering
Song of Revolt (1937, Short) as Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
Soak the Poor (1937, Short) as Special Investigator Stanton
Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937) as Buzz Moran
Dangerously Yours (1937) as Phil
Murder in Greenwich Village (1937) as Rodney Hunter
45 Fathers (1937) as Vincent
The Spy Ring (1938) as Frank Denton
International Settlement (1938) as Monte Silvers
Walking Down Broadway (1938) as Frank Gatty
Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938) as Ex-Chauffeur (uncredited)
Island in the Sky (1938) as Marty Butler
Come On, Leathernecks! (1938) as Otto Wagner / Baroni
Mysterious Mr. Moto (1938) as Paul Brissac
Suez (1938) as Napoleon III - Emperor of France
Cipher Bureau (1938) as Maj. Philip Waring
Strange Faces (1938) as Joe Gurney
Secrets of a Nurse (1938) as Joe Largo
Mr. Sheldon Goes to Town (1939 short) as Salesman
Risky Business (1939) as Hinge Jackson
Blackwell's Island (1939) as County Prosecutor Ballinger (uncredited)
I Was a Convict (1939) as Jackson
Panama Patrol (1939) as Maj. Phillip Waring
Mr. Moto in Danger Island (1939) as Commissioner Madero
Code of the Streets (1939) as "Chick" Foster
Man of Conquest (1939) as John Hoskins
Help Wanted (1939, Short) as J. T. Evans - Labor Commissioner (uncredited)
Fugitive at Large (1939) as Carter
Thunder Afloat (1939) as Recruiting Officer (uncredited)
Calling All Marines (1939) as Murdock
Pack Up Your Troubles (1939) as Adjutant
The Marshal of Mesa City (1939) as Sheriff Jud Cronin
Legion of Lost Flyers (1939) as Smythe
East Side Kids (1940) as Pat O'Day
No Greater Sin (1941) as Dr. Edward Cavanaugh
Ellery Queen and the Murder Ring (1941) as John Stack
Crime Doctor (1943) as William Wheeler
The Iron Major (1943) as Robert 'Bob' Stewart
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944) as Lieut. Jurika
The Thin Man Goes Home (1945) as Edgar Draque
Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) as Mr. Alonzo Smith
Between Two Women (1945) as Mr. Masters (uncredited)
Fall Guy (1945 short) as Floyd Parkson
Son of Lassie (1945) as Anton
Anchors Aweigh (1945) as Admiral's Aide
Week-End at the Waldorf (1945) as Henry Burton
Yolanda and the Thief (1945) as Mr. Candle
They Were Expendable (1945) as Major James Morton
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946) as Kyle Sackett
No Leave, No Love (1946) as Colonel Elliott
The Cockeyed Miracle (1946) as Ralph Humphrey
The Show-Off (1946) as Frank Harlin
The Great Morgan (1946) as K.F. Studio Exec
Lady in the Lake (1947) as Derace Kingsby
Undercover Maisie (1947) as Amor aka Willis Farnes
Song of the Thin Man (1947) as Mitchell Talbin
The Amazing Mr. Nordill (1947, Short) as Everett Nordill, aka Everton
Merton of the Movies (1947) as Lawrence Rupert
Alias a Gentleman (1948) as Matt Enley
On an Island with You (1948) as Commander Harrison
The Velvet Touch (1948) as Gordon Dunning
A Date with Judy (1948) as Lucien T. Pringle
Little Women (1949) as Mr. March
Any Number Can Play (1949) as Dr. Palmer
Scene of the Crime (1949) as Capt. A.C. Forster
Battleground (1949) as The Chaplain
Ambush (1950) as Maj. C.E. Breverly
The Big Hangover (1950) as Carl Bellcap
The Skipper Surprised His Wife (1950) as Dr. Philip Abbott
Crisis (1950) as Sam Proctor
The Happy Years (1950) as Samuel H. Stover - Sr.
Dial 1119 (1950) as Earl
Watch the Birdie (1950) as Grantland D. Farns
On Moonlight Bay (1951) as George Winfield
Cattle Drive (1951) as Chester Graham Sr.
It's a Big Country (1951) as Secret Service Man
Angel Face (1952) as Fred Barrett
By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953) as George Winfield
Let's Do It Again (1953) as Chet Stuart
Sabre Jet (1953) as Lt. Col. George Eckert
Engagement Party (1956 short) as Elliott Winston
Peyton Place (1957) as Mr. Harrington
From the Terrace (1960) as Samuel Eaton
Maggie (1960, TV Movie) as Mark Bradley
The Absent-Minded Professor (1961) as President Rufus Daggett
Son of Flubber (1963) as President Rufus Daggett
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964) as Judge Holmsby / Lex Fortas
The Monkey's Uncle (1965) as Judge Holmsby
On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970) as Burt Clews
Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970) as Frank Knox
Toklat (1971) as Old Man / Narrator
Hammersmith Is Out (1972) as General Sam Pembroke
Brother of the Wind (1973) as Narrator (voice)
The Meal (1975) as Bernard Wallace Kroger
Timber Tramps (1975) as Deacon
Sherlock Holmes in New York (1976, TV Movie) as Daniel Furman
Claws (1977) as Ben Jones, Forest Commissioner
The Best Place to Be (1979, TV Movie) as William Callahan
Just You and Me, Kid (1979) as Manduke the Magnificent
Testament (1983) as Henry Abhart
Jake Speed (1986) as Pop Winston
Peggy Sue Got Married (1986) as Barney Alvorg (final film role)

Partial television credits
Life with Father (1953–1955) as Clarence Day, Sr.
Westinghouse Studio One (1958), episode "Tongue of Angels" as Cyrus Walker
General Electric Theater (1960), episode "Adam's Apples" as Malcolm Fownes
Father of the Bride (1961–1962) as Stanley Banks
Mister Ed (1963–1965) as Gordon Kirkwood
The Andy Griffith Show (Season 7, Episode 9, 1966) as Mr. Hampton
My Three Sons (Season 9, Episode 2, 1968) as Dr. Osborne
Bewitched (Season 6, Episode 21, 1970), episode "What Makes Darrin Run?" as Howard McMann
The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (Season 2, Episode 24, 1970), episode "Wedding Day?????" as Bradford Williams
The Jeffersons (Season 2, Episode 10, 1975) as Grandpa Willis in the episode "Jenny's Grandparents."
The Littlest Hobo (Season 1, Episode 8, 1979), episode "Heritage" as Jasper McGillicutty

See also
List of kidnappings

References

External links

1902 births
1993 deaths
20th-century American male actors
Activists from California
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American people taken hostage
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
California Republicans
Formerly missing people
Indiana Republicans
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Male actors from Indiana
Military personnel from Indiana
People from Portland, Indiana
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award
United States Army personnel of World War I

Leon Ames


Adenanthos sect. Adenanthos is a taxonomic section of the flowering plant genus Adenanthos (Proteaceae). It comprises 29 species. The centre of diversity is southwest Western Australia, with two species extending into South Australia and western Victoria.

Description
The section is characterised by flowers in which the perianth is straight, at least at first; all four stamens are fertile; and the style end is narrow, and conical or cylindrical.

Taxonomy
The section was first described and published by George Bentham in the 1870 fifth volume of his landmark work Flora Australiensis, under the name Adenanthos sect. Stenolaema. Bentham listed several diagnostic characters for the species including the straight perianth-tube; the fertility of all four anthers; and the narrow style-end. At the time of publication it contained 12 species.

Bentham did not specify a type species for A. sect. Stenolaena, but in modern times this is of no import, as the section contains the type species of the genus, A. obovatus, and must therefore have the same type; the section was formally lectotypified in this way by Ernest Charles Nelson in 1978. For the same reason, the modern laws of botanical nomenclature require the section to take the autonym Adenanthos sect. Adenanthos; thus A. sect. Stenolaena is now considered a nomenclatural synonym of A. sect. Adenanthos.

In 1978, Nelson published a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Adenanthos. He retained A. sect. Adenanthos, making no change to its circumscription, except that there were by this time 29 species assignable to it. He further divided the section into two subsections, A. subsect. Anaclastos and A. subsect. Adenanthos, but subsequently discarded them in his 1995 treatment of Adenanthos for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.

The placement and circumscription of A. sect. Adenanthos in Nelson's arrangement of Adenanthos may be summarised as follows:
Adenanthos
A. sect. Eurylaema (4 species)
A. sect. Adenanthos
A. drummondii
A. dobagii
A. apiculatus
A. linearis
A. pungens (2 subspecies)
A. gracilipes
A. venosus
A. dobsonii
A. glabrescens (2 subspecies)
A. ellipticus
A. cuneatus
A. stictus
A. ileticos
A. forrestii
A. eyrei
A. cacomorphus
A. flavidiflorus
A. argyreus
A. macropodianus
A. terminalis
A. sericeus (2 subspecies)
A. × cunninghamii
A. oreophilus
A. cygnorum (2 subspecies)
A. meisneri
A. velutinus
A. filifolius
A. labillardierei
A. acanthophyllus

Distribution and habitat
27 of the 29 species in this section are endemic to southwest Western Australia. A. macropodianus is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia; and A. terminalis ranges from the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia, east to western parts of Victoria.

References

External links

Adenanthos, sect.
Plant sections
Taxa named by George Bentham

Adenanthos sect. Adenanthos


Monteu da Po is a small comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy, 32 km north-east of Turin.

History
Monteu da Po  was an ancient settlement of the Ligures. Its pre-Roman name, which appears on
inscriptions of the early imperial period, was Bodincomagus from the Ligurian name of the Po, Bodincus, which meant "bottomless". It stood on the right bank of the river, which has since changed its course and runs now a kilometre to the north of the town.

In Roman times this became the flourishing colonia Industria  of the Augustan Regio IX, enrolled in the tribus Pollia. Its importance derived from its location on the road which followed the Po from Augusta Taurinorum to Vardagate.

Excavations have brought to light a tower, a cult building (previously identified as a theatre), a sanctuary of Isis, valuable bronze figures (some of them made locally) and numerous inscriptions.

Industria appears to have been deserted in the fourth century CE.

The name "Monteu" came from Latin mons acutus, meaning "sharp mountain".

References

Sources

External links
"INDU´STRIA'" in William Smith, Ed. (1854), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography.
Industria at the Perseus Digital Library.
Page at comuni italiani website

Cities and towns in Piedmont

Monteu da Po


Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACAD10 gene.

Structure

This gene encodes a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes (ACADs), which participate in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. The encoded enzyme contains a hydrolase domain at the N-terminal portion, a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain in the central region, and a conserved ACAD domain at the C-terminus. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.

Clinical significance

In Pima people, ACAD10 has been identified as a gene associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and impaired lipid metabolism. Specifically, two single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs601663 and rs659964, have been significantly correlated with these symptoms in a large population of both the Pima people and American Indians.

Interactions

Using affinity capture mass spectrometry, an interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner is identified by mass spectrometric methods. Using this method, ACAD10 has been shown to interact with P2RY8, NDUFA10, NTRK3, SLC2A12, LPAR4, PTH1R, COLEC10, APP, MAS1, CD79A, BSG, and Ubiquitin C.

References

External links

Further reading

Proteins
Genes on human chromosome 12

ACAD10


Survivor: Fiji is the fourteenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed in the Fiji Islands from October 30 until December 7, 2006, and aired from February 8, 2007 until the two-hour season finale on May 13, 2007, followed by a live reunion from Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City, where Earl Cole was named the Sole Survivor over Andria "Dreamz" Herd and Cassandra Franklin in the first unanimous vote of the show's history.

This is, to date, the only season of Survivor to have an odd number of castaways, with 19, after a 20th castaway, Mellisa McNulty, withdrew the night before filming began. Due to the timing and lack of alternates, her spot could not be replaced. Gary Stritesky was the only contestant who applied to be on the show; McNulty and the other 18 contestants were recruited. The cast maintained a similarly racially diverse cast (with the intended 20 person cast containing equal amounts of African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American castaways) as Survivor: Cook Islands, in a conscious effort intended to show that the racial diversity of Survivor: Cook Islands was not just a ratings stunt.

Overview

Gameplay
This season introduced the "Haves vs. Have Nots" twist, regarded as one of the worst twists in Survivor history. At the start of the season, the 19 castaways lived on a single beach and built a furnished camp, including shelters built from pre-cut wood, a kitchen area with dishware, a shower, a toilet, furniture, and the means to maintain fire, with supplies provided by the production. When the castaways were divided into two tribes, the winning tribe, Moto, won the furnished camp while the losing tribe, Ravu, had to build a new camp from scratch, and given merely a pot and a machete to survive. During the broadcast of the season, host Jeff Probst admitted that this concept did not play out quite as the producers hoped, as it led to the "haves" tribe predictably dominating in the challenges over the "have-nots" week after week. Exile Island returned once again for Fiji, with new twists. Unlike previous seasons, there were two hidden immunity idols, with one hidden at each camp. The idol now had to be played before Jeff read the results of the voting, rather than after. Once a hidden immunity idol was used, it was rehidden rather than discarded. The idols were playable through the final five.

Contestants
The two tribes were Moto and Ravu, meaning "spear" and "to kill" in Fijian respectively, while the merged tribe Bula Bula means "welcome" or "hello" in Fijian. Notable contestants on this season including Miss Venezuela 1988 contestant Rita Verreos.

Future appearances
Yau-Man Chan later appeared in Survivor: Micronesia.

Season summary

Due to one player dropping out prior to the game, the season started with 19 players. After arriving at their beach as one group, instructions and materials for building a camp were dropped from a plane. Before the first challenge, the castaways were divided into two tribes by Sylvia, appointed for her leadership in building the camp, who was sent to Exile Island due to the odd number of players. After the challenge, the winning team, Moto, returned to the constructed camp, while the losing team, Ravu, was directed to a different beach where only meager supplies awaited them; Sylvia joined Ravu shortly afterwards. While both tribes vied equally in challenges, it was clear Moto was in much better shape due to the better camp, winning every single challenge. On Ravu, an alliance between Earl and Yau-Man was formed. When Earl was sent to Exile Island, he conspired with Yau-Man to find a hidden immunity idol located at the camp, which Yau-Man did.

A tribal shuffle served to further alliances; Earl and Yau-Man brought Michelle, Cassandra and Boo into their fold, while Alex became the leader of an alliance between himself, Mookie, Edgardo, and Dreamz, titling themselves the "Four Horsemen". Mookie found the other hidden immunity idol, but decided not to tell Dreamz because of the latter's lack of trustworthiness. The tribes merged at the original Moto camp, stripped of their original structures and luxuries. The first post-merge immunity challenge divided the contestants into two randomly selected teams, putting Michelle with most of the Horsemen, and leading to her being voted out. After Dreamz discovered his alliance had neglected to tell him about Mookie's idol, he defected to Earl's alliance and worked with them to trick Mookie into misplaying his idol. Stacy joined their alliance and suggested targeting Edgardo, resulting in the systematic eliminations of the three loyal Horsemen.

The reward challenge played by the final six players was for a truck. Yau-Man won the challenge, but made a deal with Dreamz to trade the truck in exchange for the final challenge's immunity necklace should Dreamz win it. While Dreamz attempted to get out of the deal by targeting Yau-Man immediately, Yau-Man played his idol and Stacy was sent home, followed by Boo for being a physical threat. Dreamz won the final immunity challenge, but reneged on his deal with Yau-Man at the subsequent Tribal Council; Yau-Man was the final player voted out. At the final Tribal Council, Dreamz's actions and Cassandra's quiet game led the jury to vote unanimously for Earl.

In the case of multiple tribes or castaways who win reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically where it was a team effort; where one castaway won and invited others, the invitees are in brackets.

Episodes

Voting history

Filming locations
Survivor: Fiji was filmed in the eastern region of the Macuata province, on Fiji's second largest island, Vanua Levu, about  from the town of Labasa. Tribal Council, the production camp ("Tent City"), and several challenges were located in close proximity to the village of Vunivutu. Other challenges were held on Katawaqa Island, Tivi Island, Vatudamu Point, and fields along the Wainikoro River.
The Moto (and later Bula Bula) tribe lived on a peninsula in Vunivutu Bay, while the Ravu tribe lived on Druadrua Island under much harsher conditions. Exile Island's actual name is Sausau Island.
Reward getaways included trips to the Namale Resort and Jean-Michel Cousteau Fiji Islands Resort in the town of Savusavu, as well as a rafting excursion on the Navua River on Fiji's main island of Viti Levu.

Political turmoil in Fiji

On December 5, 2006 (two days before the Final Tribal Council), a coup d'état was initiated by Fiji's military leader, Frank Bainimarama. While there was some speculation that a full evacuation of the Survivor crew members from Fiji would take place, only a few crew members on the mainland were relocated to the second-smallest island. However, the political turmoil prior to the coup did prevent the families of the cast members from coming to Fiji to participate in a reward challenge (as usually occurs on Survivor) that occurred towards the end of filming.

Reception
Survivor: Fiji was met with generally negative reception. Entertainment Weekly columnist Dalton Ross ranked Fiji as the third-worst season of the series, only better than Nicaragua and Island of the Idols, saying "With the exception of Yau-Man and Earl, a true bummer of a cast, and the 'Haves vs. Have-Nots' twist was one of the worst creative decisions in Survivor history." In 2010,  host Jeff Probst, also ranked it as the third-worst season ahead of Survivor: Marquesas and Survivor: Thailand, cited Yau-Man and Dreamz as the only good things about the season, and had it not been for them, Fiji would've ranked lower on his list than Thailand. Fiji is ranked as the worst season of all time by Examiner.com, and the fourth-worst season by Zap2it, only behind Survivor: Vanuatu, Thailand, and Survivor: Redemption Island. From 2012 to 2014, Survivor fan site "Survivor Oz" consistently ranked Fiji in the bottom four worst seasons in its annual polls ranking every season of the series; In 2012, it was 4th-worst ahead of Thailand, Nicaragua, and Redemption Island, and in 2013 and 2014, it was the 3rd-worst ahead of Survivor: South Pacific and Redemption Island. In 2015, a poll by Rob Has a Podcast ranked Fiji as the fifth-worst season of the series, only ahead of Nicaragua, Thailand, One World, and Redemption Island, with Rob Cesternino ranking this season 25th out of 30. This was updated in 2021 during Cesternino's podcast, Survivor All-Time Top 40 Rankings, ranking 28th out of 40th. That same year, however, Kristen Kranz of Collider gave the season a positive review and ranked Fiji as the 10th best season of the series. She also wrote that the big move made by Herd saved the season from being mediocre, praised Chan's gameplay, and said that Cole was a "great, deserving winner."

References

External links
 Official CBS Survivor Fiji Website

Macuata Province
14
2007 American television seasons
2006 in Fiji
Television shows filmed in Fiji
Television shows set in Fiji

Survivor: Fiji


Cecilio Kapirig Putong (February 1, 1891 – January 26, 1980) was a Filipino scholar, educator, writer, UNESCO fellow, author. In 1952, he became the Secretary of Education of the Philippines. He was one of the most brilliant minds from Bohol having a reported IQ of  138 (Very Superior) based on Otis Intelligence Scale Test.

Early life
His parents were Apolinario Putong and Gregoria Kapirig, both from Tagbilaran, Bohol. His father was an assistant band conductor and his mother was a housewife who, upon the death of her husband at an early age, had to be a vendor to raise two children, Cirilo and Cecilio.

Education
Putong's first formal teacher was Maestro Andoy who happened to be the future Bohol Governor Fernando Gorraiz Rocha. The school was then the old stone building at the corner of J.A. Clarin Street and CPG Avenue, where a PNB branch still stands today.

Later, he studied at the Bohol High School established by the Thomasites, the first American teachers in the Philippines. In March 1906, after passing corresponding examinations, he obtained the primary course in March, 1906 and the intermediate course certificate in June, 1906.

As a Scholar
Diploma for Normal Course, Philippine Normal School, Manila, graduated as Class Valedictorian (1908–12)
Diploma, University of the Philippines, 1914–15, 1917–18
BSE - Western Illinois State Teachers College, 1920
M. A. - Columbia University, NYC, 1921
University of Minnesota, spring of 1928
Cornell University, summer of 1928
Ph.D. - University of Chicago, Illinois, 1937

Career Highlights
Primary School Teacher, Tagbilaran, Bohol, 1912-14
Intermediate School Principal, Dimiao, Bohol, 1912
Teacher, Bohol High School, 1915–17
Division Academic Supervisor, Iloilo Province, 1921–22.
High School Principal, Provinces of Abra and La Union, 1922–24
Superintendent of Schools in Various provinces, 1924–27, 1929–31
Chief, Curriculum Department, Bureau of Education, 1931–38
Superintendent of City Schools, Manila, 1938–45.
Professional Lecturer on Education, University of the Philippines, 1940–41 and 1946
Chief, Elementary Education, Department of Instruction, 1945–46
Assistant Director of Public Schools, 1946–48
Director of Public Schools, 1948–49
Undersecretary of Education, 1949–52
Secretary of Education, 1952-1954

Writings
Editor, "Visayan Planters", UP College of Agriculture, 1915
Editor, "Western Courier", Western Illinois State Teachers College, 1919
Author, "Bohol and Its People" (Manila, 1965)
Co-Author with Lydia Abad-Santos, "Philippine Community Life for First Year High School" (G. Miranda & Sons, 1963)
Co-Author with C. de la Pena and I. Fajardo, "Livingin Our Country, Grade 5" and "Living in Our World, Grade 6" (Bookman, Inc., 1964 & 1968)
Editorials in the "Filipino Teacher" (1956–1961)
Writer of various articles and speeches on education, boy scout movement, and related topics

Awards and Citations
At the age of 13 when he joined a contest in composition writing. His piece, "The Province of Bohol" won him first prize, receiving five pesos from Judge Charles H. Burritt and two pesos more from Governor Salustiano Borja.
First Prize, Composition Writing Contest on "The Province of Bohol" held on Nov 28, 1904 (prize of P5 from Judge Charles Buritt and P2 from Bohol Governor Salustiano Borja)
First Prize, Folklore Writing Contest conducted by the Philippine Education Company in 1910 (prize: any course offered by the Int'l. Correspondence School based in USA)
Rizal "Pro Patria" Award for Education in Nationalism- given by President Carlos P. Garcia during the first centenary of Dr. Jose Rizal's birthday (June 19, 1961)
Received the honorary degree of Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa, by the University of Bohol (May 15, 1975)
Citation as Outstanding Alumnus of the Philippine Normal College (formerly Phil. Normal School) during its Golden Jubilee (Sept.2, 1951)
Citation for Faithful and Inspired Service to the Philippine Educational System from Classroom Teacher to Undersecretary of Education --- given during its Golden Jubilee on December 16, 1951
Award for Distinguished Service to the Philippine School System --- given by the Philippine Association of School Superintendents in 1956
Bronze Usa, Silver Usa and Bronze Tamaraw (various Dates); Silver Tamaraw (1954); Gold Medal of Merit (1958); Special Plaque for Distinguished Service (1960); and Certificate of Recognition (1961) --- all from the Boy Scouts of the Philippines
Certificate of Appreciation --- from the Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission (1961)
Citation for Services Rendered as Ex-chairman of the board of Regents --- given by the University of the Philippines (1963)
Award of Merit for Outstanding Service in the field of Education --- given by the Bohol Association, Inc. in Manila (1959)
Citation as Educator of the Year --- given by the Lions Club of Tagbilaran

Membership
Member, Radio Control Board
Member, Board of Textbooks
Chairman, Committee on Study and Training in the US
Member, Board of Directors, United States Educational Foundation in the Philippines
Member, Commission on Educational, Scientific, and Educational Matters
Member, National Executive Board, Boy Scouts of the Philippines
Kappa Delta Pi

Honors and recognition
Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School - formerly the Bohol National High School (BNHS), a public secondary educational institution in Tagbilaran City named after him through Republic Act No. 8016 sponsored by Congressman Isidro Zarraga Jr enacted on May 25, 1995. It is located along Carlos P. Garcia Avenue.
Putong Street - formerly Ma. Clara Street, a street in downtown Tagbilaran City.

Sources
Jose Marianito Luspo, Holy Name University

References

1891 births
1980 deaths
Filipino educators
Filipino writers
Filipino journalists
Secretaries of Education of the Philippines
People from Tagbilaran
Writers from Bohol
Boholano people
Magsaysay administration cabinet members
Quirino administration cabinet members
Philippine Normal University alumni
20th-century journalists

Cecilio Putong


Lupinus succulentus is a species of lupine known by the common names hollowleaf annual lupine, arroyo lupine, and succulent lupine.

It is native to California, where it is common throughout much of the state, and adjacent sections of Arizona and Baja California. L. succulentus is known from many types of habitat and it can colonize disturbed areas.

Description
L. succulentus is a fleshy annual herb that grows up to  in height. The amount of fertility and moisture generally dictates the height of the plant. Prefers moist clay or heavy soils in full sun.  Each palmate leaf is made up of 7 to 9 leaflets up to 6 centimeters long.

The inflorescence is a series of whorls of flowers each between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The flower is generally purple-blue with a white or pink patch on its banner, and there are sometimes flowers in shades of light purple, pink, and white.

The fruit is a roughly hairy legume pod up to 5 centimeters long and about 1 centimeter wide.

Cultivation
Being the most water tolerant of all lupines, L. succulentus is used cultivated as an ornamental plant, for flower borders, native plant and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping projects.
Horticultural specifications
Height: 1–4 feet
Optimum soil temperature for germination: 55 °F–70 °F
Blooming Period: April–May
Germination: 15–75 days
Sowing depth: 1/8"

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment — Lupinus succulentus
CalFlora Database: Lupinus succulentus (arroyo lupine)
Lupinus succulentus Photo gallery

succulentus
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Baja California
Flora of California
Flora of Sonora
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Garden plants of North America
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Lupinus succulentus


Arpine Mikaeli Ter-Petrosyan (born September 30, 1990, Yerevan) whose artistic name is Arpi Alto (),  is an Armenian singer, songwriter, musician and record producer.

She was born in a family of artists and musicians. Her mother, Anahit Ter Petrosyan, is a German jazz artist. Her father, Mikayel Ter Petrosyan, is a sculptor, painter, and specialist in handmade rugs. She is married and she has one child.

She received her higher education as a pianist at the Khachatur Abovyan State Pedagogical University of Armenia, completing her master's degree in 2016. While her professional career began in 2011, when she joined the Vocal Ensemble of Geghard Monastery, and in 2013 she was admitted to the National Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet of Armenia Alexander Spendiarian. She is a member of the Armenian contemporary music group The Naghash Ensemble. She sang for several years with the Naghash Ensemble, specializing in reinterpreting Armenian poems from the Middle Ages.

Arpi caused a huge reaction in Brazil by posting her versions of world-famous bossa nova classics on social media. She achieved great success with her versions of the Brazilian bossa nova classic  Garota de Ipanema, The Way You Look Tonight and the samba Mas que Nada . She has been touring in over 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Russia.

She sings in Armenian, English, Russian and Portuguese. In 2021 she released her first CD, My Soul in the Mountains.

Arpi's vocals are close to the contralto vocal type, probably somewhere in between mezzo-soprano and contralto, making her a rare talent. As an opera singer she has great control over her vocals, and one can see it throughout her video performances, mainly on YouTube.

Her physical resemblance to actress Julia Roberts has led to the assumption that she was the actress' daughter.

References

21st-century Armenian women singers
Armenian women pianists
Musicians from Yerevan
1990 births
Living people
21st-century women pianists

Arpine Mikaeli Ter-Petrosyan


Aquarius (1970–1977) was a British arts television series, produced by London Weekend Television for ITV. After the demise of Aquarius, The South Bank Show (a similar arts programme) took its place in 1978, initially also in a magazine format, as ITV wanted a more accessible arts series.

Presented by Humphrey Burton, Peter Hall and Russell Harty amongst others, it had a magazine-style approach, with several features each week. Occasionally, single films were presented. These included a programme about Alfred Hitchcock, in London to shoot Frenzy, which was screened in 1972, with the film director being interviewed by Burton, while surrealist artist Salvador Dalí, accompanied by Harty, was the subject of an hour-long documentary broadcast the following year.

Other programmes included the musical Hair (the series utilised the song "Aquarius" from the musical as its theme), a play about the aviator Amy Johnson and the life and works of composer Erik Satie.  Elton John was profiled as a rising UK star in 1971.  The segment featured footage of John playing Tiny Dancer before the song was recorded.

External links

1970 British television series debuts
1970s British television series
1977 British television series endings
London Weekend Television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
English-language television shows

Aquarius (British TV series)


Alessandra Farkas (born August 9, 1954) is an Italian-American journalist and writer.

Family

Alessandra Farkas is the third of five children of Maria Ortenzi, textile designer born in Rome, and Paolo Farkas, Hungarian artist born in Paris, forced to leave Budapest in 1948. Together they pioneered the Italian textile design industry in the 60's and 70's. One of her great-grandfathers, Baron Adolf Kohner, was the president of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Hungary between the two World Wars. Her other great-grandfather, Jozsef Wolfner (1856-1932), a prominent art collector, was the founder of the book publishing house  Singer and Wolfner. Her grandfather, István Farkas, was one of the prominent Eastern European painters affiliated with the Ecole de Paris. Her maternal grandfather, Luigi Ortenzi, was a respected Naïve art painter of Italian landscapes.

Journalistic career

After studying Languages and Comparative Literature at the University of Florence, in 1981 Alessandra moved to Manhattan, where she lived with her husband and two children. She is a member of PEN American Center.

She began her journalistic career in 1981 as a New York reporter for the weekly magazine L'Europeo.

In 1985 she started writing for the leading Italian daily Corriere della Sera, then directed by Piero Ostellino. In 1988, then director Ugo Stille named her United States correspondent for Corriere della Sera. Since that time she has written about many aspects of American society, from politics to culture, from entertainment to technology. During a thirty plus year career with Corriere della Sera she has interviewed numerous Nobel Prize winners such as Isaac Bashevis Singer, Saul Bellow, Franco Modigliani, Elie Wiesel, Toni Morrison, Shirin Ebadi and Wole Soyinka; leading political figures including Hillary Clinton, Ban Ki-moon, Leon Panetta, Nancy Pelosi, Mario Cuomo, Ed Koch, Bob Dole, Condoleezza Rice, Rudolph Giuliani, Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum; famous writers and literary prize winners including Arthur Miller, Susan Sontag, Cynthia Ozick, Don DeLillo, Philip Roth, Norman Mailer, John Updike, William Styron, E.L. Doctorow, Frank McCourt, Gore Vidal, Joyce Carol Oates, Paul Auster, Carl Bernstein, Jonathan Franzen, Jeffrey Eugenides, Khaled Hosseini, Annie Proulx, Michael Chabon, Jonathan Safran Foer, Jonathan Lethem, David Leavitt, Francis Fukuyama, Jay McInerney, Bret Easton Ellis, John Grisham, Scott Turow, John Irving, Alice Walker, Salman Rushdie, Gay Talese, Patricia Cornwell, Danielle Steel, Amiri Baraka, Norman Manea, Peter Carey, Louise Erdrich, Junot Diaz, Jennifer Egan, Elizabeth Strout, Katherine Boo. During that period she has also interviewed intellectual luminaries and pioneers such as Harold Bloom, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Ruth Wisse, Camille Paglia, Daniel Goldhagen, Alan Dershowitz, Simon Wiesenthal, Naomi Klein, Naomi Wolf, Noam Chomsky, George Soros, John Kenneth Galbraith, Larry Flynt and Hugh Hefner.

She has also interviewed Academy Award winners such as Paul Newman, Elizabeth Taylor, Jack Lemmon, Dennis Hopper, Robert Altman, Steven Spielberg, Woody Allen, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, the Coen brothers, Oliver Stone, Spike Lee, Meryl Streep, Robert De Niro, Daniel Day-Lewis, Robin Williams, Al Pacino, Kirk Douglas, Brad Pitt, Demi Moore, Dustin Hoffman, Jodie Foster, Robert Redford, Jane Fonda, Julia Roberts, Richard Gere, Susan Sarandon, Sylvester Stallone, Sarah Jessica Parker, John Turturro, Federico Fellini, Marcello Mastroianni, Franco Zeffirelli, Bernardo Bertolucci, Sophia Loren, Roberto Benigni and international music stars including Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Luciano Pavarotti, Ella Fitzgerald, Aretha Franklin, Joan Baez, Plácido Domingo, Liza Minnelli, Stevie Wonder, Bruce Springsteen, Mick Jagger, Prince and Patti Smith.

For Corriere della Sera, Alessandra Farkas has also conducted a series of interviews with American and Italian art giants including Leo Castelli, Alex Katz, James Rosenquist, Robert Wilson, Richard Serra, Frank Stella, Renzo Piano, Daniel Libeskind, Yoko Ono, Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Annie Leibovitz, Art Spiegelman, Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat and Marina Abramović. Another series was focused upon young writers, all sons and daughters of famous authors such as Rebecca Miller (daughter of Arthur Miller), Janna Malamud Smith (daughter of Bernard Malamud), Adam Bellow (son of Saul Bellow), Joe Hill (son of Stephen King), Rebecca Walker (daughter of Alice Walker), John Buffalo Mailer (son of Norman Mailer) and Aviva Chomsky (daughter of Noam Chomsky).

Besides being a journalist, Alessandra Farkas is also a blogger. Her blog Route 66 appears on the website of Corriere della Sera, focusing upon some of the lesser-known aspects of American society. For the last three years she has written a monthly column for Shalom, the oldest and most widely circulated periodical of the Italian Jewish community.

Works

She has been interviewed on numerous occasions by Italian and American media including the Charlie Rose show, CNN and the bilingual magazine i-Italy. In 2006, she published her first book Pranzo di Famiglia (Lunch with the Family) which tells the story of her family, founders of one of the largest and most influential publishers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

In December 2014, she was awarded "The Amerigo Special Prize", given for the best coverage of America by an Italian journalist.

In May 2015 "La Lettura" ebook  published her extended essay "Cosa resta della Letteratura",  based upon her interviews over the past two decades with Harold Bloom, the noted American literary critic.

References

External links
Corriere della Sera historical Archive
Route 66
Shalom Magazine
Shadows cast on the heroism of "Italian Schindler" Jewish Telegraphic Agency June 17, 2013.
PEN America
i-Italy
Associazione Amerigo

Italian journalists
1954 births
Living people
Writers from Rome
University of Florence alumni
Writers from New York City
20th-century Italian Jews
Italian women writers
Italian writers
Italian women journalists
Italian emigrants to the United States
American women writers
Jewish American writers
20th-century Italian women
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women

Alessandra Farkas


Claudio Arrau León (; February 6, 1903 – June 9, 1991) was a Chilean classical pianist.

Arrau started to play the piano as a boy and was giving concerts at the age of 5. The Chilean government heard of the child prodigy and quickly organized to have him sent to Germany to study with the best music teachers. At the age of 7 Arrau started to study music seriously at the Stern Conservatory, Berlin, Germany.

By the age of 11, Arrau was playing like a master, and performed the works of Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Johannes Brahms in recitals.

Later in life Arrau became an important teacher of the piano and taught some of the most famous pianists in the world. Arrau married Ruth Schneider, an opera singer, and settled in the United States. Throughout his career he won the highest awards for piano playing. He died in Austria in 1991.

1903 births
1991 deaths
Chilean musicians
Pianists
Classical pianists
People from Bío Bío Region

Claudio Arrau


Joanna Poyago-Theotoky is an economist and researcher, currently a full professor at the University of Salento, a visiting fellow at the Australian National University and a visiting professor at the University of East Anglia.  Previously, she has held positions at the University of St Andrews, University of Nottingham, University of Bristol, Loughborough University and La Trobe University, Melbourne.  She has served as a member of the Economics Learning Standards Working Party commissioned by the Australian Government to develop new learning standards for Economics Bachelor and Master's degrees.

She was born on the island of Corfu, Κέρκυρα and is a descendant of an old and noble political Corfiot family, the Theotokis, as well as the Dousmani family (Sofoklis Dousmanis, Viktor Dousmanis).

Her research interests lie in the areas of Industrial organization (especially Technological innovation, R&D cooperation and research joint ventures, technology
and environmental policies); applied microeconomic theory and the economics of science and knowledge transfer.  Poyago-Theotoky has published her research in leading international academic journals.

References

Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Joanna Poyago-Theotoky


Lucy Orta (born 1966 in Sutton Coldfield, Great Britain) is an English contemporary visual artist living and working between London and Paris where she has resided since 1991.

After graduating with an honours degree in fashion-knitwear design, Orta began practising as a visual artist in 1991. Her sculptural work investigates the boundaries between the body and architecture, exploring their common social factors such as communication and identity. Orta's most emblematic works include: Refuge Wear and Body Architecture (1992–1998), portable architecture, lightweight and autonomous structures representing issues of survival. Nexus Architecture (1994–2002) are participative interventions in which a variable number of people wear suits connected to each other, shaping modular and collective structures, which visualise the concept of social link. Urban Life Guards (2004–ongoing) are wearable objects that reflect on the body as a metaphorical supportive structure.

Orta's work has been the focus of major survey exhibitions at the Wiener Secession Vienna (1999); USF Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa (2001), for which she received the Andy Warhol Foundation grant; and Barbican Art Gallery, London (2005). She has participated in international art biennales in Venice, Italy; Havana, Cuba; Johannesburg, South Africa; Athens, Greece; and the Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, South Korea and was an invited speaker at TED x WWF in 2013.

In 1993, Orta founded Les Moulins together with her partner Jorge Orta, member of the scientific council of the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Versailles -ENSAV- with whom she now collaborates. Their major artworks include: Connector, OrtaWater, 70 x 7 The Meal, Antarctica, and Spirits. Lucy and Jorge Orta are currently restoring a complex of artist studios and residencies on former industrial buildings sites situated along the Grand Morin river in Marne La Vallée as a living extension of their practice: "The staging of a social bond "( Pierre Restany, Process of Transformation. Ed. JM Place Paris 1996). Their collaborative work. which often deals with environmental sustainability and urgent humanitarian crises, has been the focus of major exhibitions at the Fondazione Bevilacqua La Masa Venice, Italy (2005); Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam (2006); Galleria Continua, San Gimignano/ Beijing / Le Moulin (2007); Biennale del fin del Mundo, Antarctica (2007); Hangar Bicocca spazio d'arte, Milan (2008), Natural History Museum, London (2010); Shanghai Biennale (2012); MAXXI – National Museum of the 21st Century Arts, Rome (2012); Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield (2013); and Parc de la Villette, Paris (2014). In 2013 they were awarded the inaugural Terrace Wires commission in London, with the monumental artwork Meteoros.

In 2007 Lucy and Jorge Orta received the Green Leaf Award for Sculpture, for artistic excellence with an environmental message, presented by the United Nations Environment Programme in partnership with the Natural World Museum, at the Nobel Peace Centre Oslo, Norway.

Orta holds a BA (hons) and an honorary Master of Fine Arts both from the School of Art and Design at Nottingham Trent University. She is currently Chair of Art and the Environment at University of the Arts London. Orta was the inaugural Rootstein Hopkins Chair at London College of Fashion from 2002 to 2007, and former Head of the Man & Humanity Master in Industrial Design for the Design Academy Eindhoven, a pioneering master program that stimulates socially driven and sustainable design solutions, alternative systems and products, which she co-founded in 2002.

Bibliography
Potential Architecture (2013)
Clouds | Nuages (2012)
Lucy + Jorge Orta: Food Water Life (2011)
Light Works: Lucy + Jorge Orta (2010)
Mapping the Invisible: EU-Roma Gypsies (2010)
Antarctica, Lucy + Jorge Orta (2008)
Lucy + Jorge Orta Pattern Book, an introduction to collaborative practices (2007)  / 13-978-1-904772-75-0
Collective Space, Lucy + Jorge Orta (2006)
Drink Water! Lucy and Jorge Orta (2005)
Lucy Orta, Phaidon Contemporary Artist Series (2003)
Body Architecture, Lucy Orta (2003)
Process of Transformation, Lucy Orta (1999)
Refuge Wear, Lucy Orta (1996)

References

External links
 Studio Orta, official website
 University of the Arts London

Living people
1966 births
English sculptors
English installation artists
Modern artists
Alumni of Nottingham Trent University
Academics of the London College of Fashion
Art duos
People from Sutton Coldfield
English contemporary artists
British contemporary artists

Lucy Orta


Boulogne-Maritime was a former railway station and port in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. Ferries between England and France used the terminal. The Station was the second most important passenger port of France (after Marseille), seeing 563,000 passengers use the facility in 1938. Following World War II, traffic with England was restored in 1947.

In June 1952 a new ferry terminal was opened, located on the site of the previous one established in 1875. The modern redesign of the terminal allowed boarding of cars onto the boats heading for England.

The station saw intense activity even in the 1990s. As of 2012, the site "is at the heart of a vast urban redefinition project". Since the station closed, it has been used for various cultural functions, such as a mobile museum (the Centre Pompidou mobile) from June to September 2012.

References

External links
 (fr) Official website of the City of Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer
Defunct railway stations in Pas-de-Calais

Boulogne-Maritime station


Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended.

Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache and vomiting. While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, not using it in methemoglobinemia is likely more dangerous.

Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876, by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Uses

Methemoglobinemia
Methylene blue is employed as a medication for the treatment of methemoglobinemia, which can arise from ingestion of certain pharmaceuticals, toxins, or broad beans in those susceptible.  Normally, through the NADH- or NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase enzymes, methemoglobin is reduced back to hemoglobin. When large amounts of methemoglobin occur secondary to toxins, methemoglobin reductases are overwhelmed. Methylene blue, when injected intravenously as an antidote, is itself first reduced to leucomethylene blue, which then reduces the heme group from methemoglobin to hemoglobin. Methylene blue can reduce the half life of methemoglobin from hours to minutes.  At high doses, however, methylene blue actually induces methemoglobinemia, reversing this pathway.

Methylphen

Cyanide poisoning
Since its reduction potential is similar to that of oxygen and can be reduced by components of the electron transport chain, large doses of methylene blue are sometimes used as an antidote to potassium cyanide poisoning, a method first successfully tested in 1933 by Dr. Matilda Moldenhauer Brooks in San Francisco, although first demonstrated by Bo Sahlin of Lund University, in 1926.

Dye or stain

Methylene blue is used in endoscopic polypectomy as an adjunct to saline or epinephrine, and is used for injection into the submucosa around the polyp to be removed. This allows the submucosal tissue plane to be identified after the polyp is removed, which is useful in determining if more tissue needs to be removed, or if there has been a high risk for perforation. Methylene blue is also used as a dye in chromoendoscopy, and is sprayed onto the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in order to identify dysplasia, or pre-cancerous lesions. Intravenously injected methylene blue is readily released into the urine and thus can be used to test the urinary tract for leaks or fistulas.

In surgeries such as sentinel lymph node dissections, methylene blue can be used to visually trace the lymphatic drainage of tested tissues. Similarly, methylene blue is added to bone cement in orthopedic operations to provide easy discrimination between native bone and cement. Additionally, methylene blue accelerates the hardening of bone cement, increasing the speed at which bone cement can be effectively applied. Methylene blue is used as an aid to visualisation/orientation in a number of medical devices, including a Surgical sealant film, TissuePatch. In fistulas and pilonidal sinuses it is used to identify the tract for complete excision. It can also be used during gastrointestinal surgeries (such as bowel resection or gastric bypass) to test for leaks.

It is sometimes used in cytopathology, in mixtures including Wright-Giemsa and Diff-Quik. It confers a blue color to both nuclei and cytoplasm, and makes the nuclei more visible. When methylene blue is "polychromed" (oxidized in solution or "ripened" by fungal metabolism, as originally noted in the thesis of Dr. D. L. Romanowsky in the 1890s), it gets serially demethylated and forms all the tri-, di-, mono- and non-methyl intermediates, which are Azure B, Azure A, Azure C, and thionine, respectively. This is the basis of the basophilic part of the spectrum of Romanowski-Giemsa effect. If only synthetic Azure B and Eosin Y is used, it may serve as a standardized Giemsa stain; but, without methylene blue, the normal neutrophilic granules tend to overstain and look like toxic granules. On the other hand, if methylene blue is used it might help to give the normal look of neutrophil granules and may also enhance the staining of nucleoli and polychromatophilic RBCs (reticulocytes).

A traditional application of methylene blue is the intravital or supravital staining of nerve fibers, an effect first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1887. A dilute solution of the dye is either injected into tissue or applied to small freshly removed pieces. The selective blue coloration develops with exposure to air (oxygen) and can be fixed by immersion of the stained specimen in an aqueous solution of ammonium molybdate. Vital methylene blue was formerly much used for examining the innervation of muscle, skin and internal organs. The mechanism of selective dye uptake is incompletely understood; vital staining of nerve fibers in skin is prevented by ouabain, a drug that inhibits the Na/K-ATPase of cell membranes.

Placebo
Methylene blue has been used as a placebo; physicians would tell their patients to expect their urine to change color and view this as a sign that their condition had improved. This same side effect makes methylene blue difficult to use in traditional placebo-controlled clinical studies, including those testing for its efficacy as a treatment.

Isobutyl nitrite toxicity
Isobutyl nitrite is one of the compounds used as poppers, an inhalant drug that induces a brief euphoria.

Isobutyl nitrite is known to cause methemoglobinemia. Severe methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue.

Ifosfamide toxicity
Another use of methylene blue is to treat ifosfamide neurotoxicity. Methylene blue was first reported for treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity in 1994. A toxic metabolite of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to an accumulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH). Methylene blue acts as an alternative electron acceptor, and reverses the NADH inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis while also inhibiting the transformation of chloroethylamine into chloroacetaldehyde, and inhibits multiple amine oxidase activities, preventing the formation of CAA.  The dosing of methylene blue for treatment of ifosfamide neurotoxicity varies, depending upon its use simultaneously as an adjuvant in ifosfamide infusion, versus its use to reverse psychiatric symptoms that manifest after completion of an ifosfamide infusion. Reports suggest that methylene blue up to six doses a day have resulted in improvement of symptoms within 10 minutes to several days. Alternatively, it has been suggested that intravenous methylene blue every six hours for prophylaxis during ifosfamide treatment in people with history of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity.  Prophylactic administration of methylene blue the day before initiation of ifosfamide, and three times daily during ifosfamide chemotherapy has been recommended to lower the occurrence of ifosfamide neurotoxicity.

Shock

It has also been used in septic shock and anaphylaxis.

Methylene blue consistently increases blood pressure in people with vasoplegic syndrome (redistributive shock), but has not been shown to improve delivery of oxygen to tissues or to decrease mortality.

Methylene blue has been used in calcium channel blocker toxicity as a rescue therapy for distributive shock unresponsive to first line agents. Evidence for its use in this circumstance is very poor and limited to a handful of case reports.

Side effects

Methylene blue is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and if infused intravenously at doses exceeding 5 mg/kg, may precipitate serious serotonin toxicity, serotonin syndrome, if combined with any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other serotonin reuptake inhibitor (e.g., duloxetine, sibutramine, venlafaxine, clomipramine, imipramine).

It causes hemolytic anemia in carriers of the G6PD (favism) enzymatic deficiency.

Chemistry
Methylene blue is a formal derivative of phenothiazine. It is a dark green powder that yields a blue solution in water. The hydrated form has 3 molecules of water per unit of methylene blue.

Preparation
This compound is prepared by oxidation of 4-aminodimethylaniline in the presence of sodium thiosulfate to give the quinonediiminothiosulfonic acid, reaction with dimethylaniline, oxidation to the indamine, and cyclization to give the thiazine:

A green electrochemical procedure, using only dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine and sulfide ions has been recently proposed.

Light absorption properties

The maximum absorption of light is near 670 nm. The specifics of absorption depend on a number of factors, including protonation, adsorption to other materials, and metachromasy - the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates depending on concentration and other interactions:

Other uses

Redox indicator
Methylene blue is widely used as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry. Solutions of this substance are blue when in an oxidizing environment, but will turn colorless if exposed to a reducing agent. The redox properties can be seen in a classical demonstration of chemical kinetics in general chemistry, the "blue bottle" experiment. Typically, a solution is made of glucose (dextrose), methylene blue, and sodium hydroxide. Upon shaking the bottle, oxygen oxidizes methylene blue, and the solution turns blue. The dextrose will gradually reduce the methylene blue to its colorless, reduced form. Hence, when the dissolved dextrose is entirely consumed, the solution will turn blue again. The redox midpoint potential E' is +0.01 V.

Peroxide generator
Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer used to create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light. It is used in this regard to make organic peroxides by a Diels-Alder reaction which is spin forbidden with normal atmospheric triplet oxygen.

Sulfide analysis
The formation of methylene blue after the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and iron(III) at pH 0.4 – 0.7 is used to determine by photometric measurements sulfide concentration in the range 0.020 to 1.50 mg/L (20 ppb to 1.5 ppm). The test is very sensitive and the blue coloration developing upon contact of the reagents with dissolved H2S is stable for 60 min. Ready-to-use kits such as the Spectroquant sulfide test facilitate routine analyses. The methylene blue sulfide test is a convenient method often used in soil microbiology to quickly detect in water the metabolic activity of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). It must be noted that in this colorimetric test, methylene blue is a product formed by the reaction and not a reagent added to the system.

The addition of a strong reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid, to a sulfide-containing solution is sometimes used to prevent sulfide oxidation from atmospheric oxygen. Although it is certainly a sound precaution for the determination of sulfide with an ion selective electrode, it might however hamper the development of the blue color if the freshly formed methylene blue is also reduced, as described here above in the paragraph on redox indicator.

Test for milk freshness
Methylene blue is a dye behaving as a redox indicator that is commonly used in the food industry to test the freshness of milk and dairy products. A few drops of methylene blue solution added to a sample of milk should remain blue (oxidized form in the presence of enough dissolved ), otherwise (discoloration caused by the reduction of methylene blue into its colorless reduced form) the dissolved  concentration in the milk sample is low indicating that the milk is not fresh (already abiotically oxidized by  whose concentration in solution decreases) or could be contaminated by bacteria also consuming the atmospheric  dissolved in the milk. In other words, aerobic conditions should prevail in fresh milk and methylene blue is simply used as an indicator of the dissolved oxygen remaining in the milk.

Water testing

The adsorption of methylene blue serves as an indicator defining the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon in water filters. Adsorption of methylene blue is very similar to adsorption of pesticides from water, this quality makes methylene blue serve as a good predictor for filtration qualities of carbon. It is as well a quick method of comparing different batches of activated carbon of the same quality.
A color reaction in an acidified, aqueous methylene blue solution containing chloroform can detect anionic surfactants in a water sample. Such a test is known as an MBAS assay (methylene blue active substances assay).

The MBAS assay cannot distinguish between specific surfactants, however. Some examples of anionic surfactants are carboxylates, phosphates, sulfates, and sulfonates.

Methylene blue value of fine aggregate
The methylene blue value is defined as the number of milliliter's standard methylene value solution decolorized 0.1 g of activated carbon (dry basis).
Methylene blue value reflects the amount of clay minerals in aggregate samples. In  materials science, methylene blue solution is successively added to fine aggregate which is being agitated in water.  The presence of free dye solution can be checked with stain test on a filter paper.

Biological staining
In biology, methylene blue is used as a dye for a number of different staining procedures, such as Wright's stain and Jenner's stain. Since it is a temporary staining technique, methylene blue can also be used to examine RNA or DNA under the microscope or in a gel: as an example, a solution of methylene blue can be used to stain RNA on hybridization membranes in northern blotting to verify the amount of nucleic acid present. While methylene blue is not as sensitive as ethidium bromide, it is less toxic and it does not intercalate in nucleic acid chains, thus avoiding interference with nucleic acid retention on hybridization membranes or with the hybridization process itself.

It can also be used as an indicator to determine whether eukaryotic cells such as yeast are alive or dead. The methylene blue is reduced in viable cells, leaving them unstained. However dead cells are unable to reduce the oxidized methylene blue and the cells are stained blue. Methylene blue can interfere with the respiration of the yeast as it picks up hydrogen ions made during the process.

Aquaculture
Methylene blue is used in aquaculture and by tropical fish hobbyists as a treatment for fungal infections. It can also be effective in treating fish infected with ich although a combination of malachite green and formaldehyde is far more effective against the parasitic protozoa Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. It is usually used to protect newly laid fish eggs from being infected by fungus or bacteria. This is useful when the hobbyist wants to artificially hatch the fish eggs.
Methylene blue is also very effective when used as part of a "medicated fish bath" for treatment of ammonia, nitrite, and cyanide poisoning as well as for topical and internal treatment of injured or sick fish as a "first response".

History
Methylene blue has been described as "the first fully synthetic drug used in medicine." Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876 by German chemist Heinrich Caro.

Its use in the treatment of malaria was pioneered by Paul Guttmann and Paul Ehrlich in 1891. During this period before the first World War, researchers like Ehrlich believed that drugs and dyes worked in the same way, by preferentially staining pathogens and possibly harming them. Changing the cell membrane of pathogens is in fact how various drugs work, so the theory was partially correct although far from complete. Methylene blue continued to be used in the second World War, where it was not well liked by soldiers, who observed, "Even at the loo, we see, we pee, navy blue."  Antimalarial use of the drug has recently been revived. It was discovered to be an antidote to carbon monoxide poisoning and cyanide poisoning in 1933 by Matilda Brooks.

The blue urine was used to monitor psychiatric patients' compliance with medication regimes. This led to interest - from the 1890s to the present day - in the drug's antidepressant and other psychotropic effects. It became the lead compound in research leading to the discovery of chlorpromazine.

Names
The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of methylene blue is methylthioninium chloride.

Research

Malaria
Methylene blue was identified by Paul Ehrlich about 1891 as a possible treatment for malaria. It disappeared as an anti-malarial during the Pacific War in the tropics, since American and Allied soldiers disliked its two prominent, but reversible side effects: turning the urine blue or green, and the sclera (the whites of the eyes) blue. Interest in its use as an anti-malarial has recently been revived, especially due to its low price. Several clinical trials are in progress, trying to find a suitable drug combination. According to studies on children in Africa, it appears to have efficacy against malaria, but the attempts to combine methylene blue with chloroquine were disappointing.

Alzheimer's
A Phase 3 clinical trial of LMTM (TauRx0237 or LMT-X), a derivative of methylene blue, failed to show any benefit against cognitive or functional decline in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Disease progression for both the drug and the placebo were practically identical.

Bipolar disorder
Methylene blue has been studied as an adjunctive medication in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Infectious diseases
It has been studied in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, West Nile virus, and to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus, and HIV-1. Phenothiazine dyes and light have been known to have virucidal properties for over 70 years.

References

External links

Antidotes
Genetics techniques
Histology
Redox indicators
Thiazine dyes
Vital stains
World Health Organization essential medicines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Phenothiazines
Chlorides
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Dimethylamino compounds

Methylene blue


Ming Cho Lee (; October 3, 1930 – October 23, 2020) was a Chinese-American theatrical set designer and professor at the Yale School of Drama.

Personal life
Lee was born on Oct. 3, 1930, in Shanghai, China to Lee Tsu Fa and Tang Ing. Lee, whose father (Lee Tsu Fa) was a Yale University graduate (1918), moved to the United States in 1949 and attended Occidental College.

Lee married Elizabeth (Rapport) Lee in 1958. They had three sons Richard, Christopher, and David.

Career
Lee first worked on Broadway as a second assistant set designer to Jo Mielziner on The Most Happy Fella in 1956.  His first Broadway play as Scenic Designer was The Moon Besieged in 1962; he went on to design the sets for over 20 Broadway shows, including Mother Courage and Her Children, King Lear, The Glass Menagerie, The Shadow Box, and For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf.

He won the following awards:

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design

The Helen Hayes Award

The 1983 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design for K2.

The 2013 Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement

The 2002 National Medal of Arts

The 1995 Obie Award for Sustained Excellence

He also designed sets for opera (including eight productions for the Metropolitan Opera and thirteen for the New York City Opera, ballet, and regional theatres such as Arena Stage, the Mark Taper Forum, and the Guthrie Theater.

He designed over 30 productions for Joseph Papp at  The Public Theater, including the original Off-Broadway production of Hair (musical). Starting in 1969, Lee taught at the Yale School of Drama, where he was co-chair of the Design Department. In February 2017, he announced that he would be retiring at the end of the fall semester. He was on the Board of Directors for The Actors Center in Manhattan. Lee is the subject of Ming Cho Lee: A Life in Design by Arnold Aronson, which was published by TCG Books in 2014.

Awards and honors
Lee was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1998, and was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2002. In 1995, he won the  Obie Award for Sustained Excellence for his consistent and valuable contributions to the theatrical community.

He won the Tony Award in 1983 for the play K2 and a lifetime achievement Tony Award in 2013.

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design

The Helen Hayes Award

 Six Awards for Outstanding Set Design, Resident Production, from 1996-2002.
 The Helen Hayes Tribute Award (2006)

The 1983 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design for K2.

The 2013 Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement

The 2002 National Medal of Arts

The 1995 Obie Award for Sustained Excellence

See also
 Chinese in New York City

References

Bibliography
Aronson, Arnold. Ming Cho Lee: A Life in Design. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2014.

External links
 Yale Bulletin biography, March 21, 2003
 AILF Immigrant Achievement Award biography, 1999

 Costume and Scenic Design Collection at the Harry Ransom Center

1930 births
American scenic designers
2020 deaths
Opera designers
Special Tony Award recipients
Tony Award winners
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University faculty
Artists from Shanghai
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Occidental College alumni

Ming Cho Lee


Cam Jeffrey Emig (born December 1, 1970) is an American former professional motocross racer. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1988 to 1999. He was one of the top American motocross racers of the 1990s. During his motorcycle racing career, Emig won four AMA Motocross Championships, an FIM World Supercross title and was a six-time member of the U.S. Motocross des Nations team. He was inducted to the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2004.

AMA Supercross/Motocross Results

Motorcycle racing career
Emig was born in Kansas City, Kansas where he began trail riding on motorcycles with his family. He followed his older brother in taking up the sport of motocross. He was successful as an amateur racer winning four titles at the AMA Amateur Motocross Nationals at the Loretta Lynn Ranch in Tennessee. In 1990, Emig joined the Kawasaki factory racing team earning a fifth-place finish in the 1990 125cc national championship. His impressive results earned him a contract to ride for the Yamaha factory racing team in 1991. 1991 was also the year in which he began his career long rivalry with Jeremy McGrath. In 1992, Emig won his first AMA national race in the 125 class in Buchanan, Michigan then, went on to win six of the seven nationals to earn his first AMA National Championship.

In 1996, Emig returned to the Kawasaki team and had one of his best seasons in 1997. In the 13 round series he won seven races, finished second five times, and had one fifth-place finish. He won 17 of the 26 motos that year claiming the 250cc motocross national championship as well as the 250cc supercross championship. In 1999, Emig was arrested for marijuana possession. Emig pled guilty to possession of drug paraphernalia, and the charges for marijuana possession were dropped however, he lost his job with the Kawasaki racing team. Emig gained respect from his peers for taking full responsibility for his actions and blaming only himself. He would return as a privateer with a few sponsors and riding a Yamaha YZ250. He had his last major victory just a few weeks after being dropped by Kawasaki; winning the US Open of Supercross in Las Vegas.

On December 30, 1999, at the track of fellow Yamaha rider and neighbor Stephane Roncada in Riverside County, California, Emig came up short on a triple jump, reportedly snapping both forearms above the wrist. The end of Emig's career came on May 4, 2000, when he was preparing for the National Motocross Championship later that year. Emig suffered another horrific crash where he crushed a vertebra in his back and compound fractured his right lower leg, forcing him into retirement.

Emig's starting prowess was legendary. His clutch control and first corner fearlessness saw him lead many races into the first turn in the 1990s. He was notoriously hard to pass, and always rode with his elbows high up in an outward position. During his 11-year professional career, Emig earned 37 AMA national wins. He is still involved in motocross on several levels, including television color commentary on Speed and CBS. Emig was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2004.

Jeff Emig's involvement with the world of motocross continues. Mid year 2016 it was announced that Jeff will become Husqvarna ambassador and spokesman.
Quote: Husqvarna Motorcycles strongly believes in the importance of this foundation and Emig's involvement will only bring forward momentum to this industry-wide initiative. Current advisor and acting president of the USMCA, Mark Blackwell, also sees the connection between Emig and association critical to success.

Lately, Emig has announced for AMA Supercross. For 2019, Emig is currently TV color commentating/broadcasting the "World MotoCross GP".

Major titles
Multi-time Amateur National Motocross Champion
1992 125 AMA National Motocross Champion (Yamaha)
1996 250 AMA National Motocross Champion (Kawasaki)
1997 250 AMA Supercross Champion (Kawasaki)
1997 250 AMA National Motocross Champion (Kawasaki)
1997 King of Bercy (Kawasaki)
1999 US OPEN champion (Yamaha)
1992-1997 member of the mx of nations for team USA

Total Career AMA Wins

13 Wins in 125/250 AMA Motocross 6-1992 5-1993 2-1994
7 Wins in 250/450 AMA Supercross 1-1995 1-1996 5-1997
16 Wins in 250/450 AMA Motocross 1-1995 4-1996 7-1997 4-1998
36 Total AMA Wins 6-1992 5-1993 2-1994 2-1995 5-1996 12-1997 4-1998
Has won his class in the Motocross of Nations on every displacement 125,250 and 500

References

1970 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kansas City, Kansas
American motocross riders
AMA Motocross Championship National Champions

Jeff Emig


United State of Electronica, or U.S.E., is an American music group formed in 2002 based in Seattle, Washington. It includes the four members of the band Wonderful: Jason Holstrom (guitar, vocals), Jon e. Rock (drums, vocals), Peter Sali (guitar, vocals), and Noah Star Weaver (keyboards, vocoder), as well as Derek Chan (bass guitar), Carly Nicklaus (vocals), and Amanda Khanjian (vocals).

History
U.S.E. was formed when the members of Wonderful and Shane Tutmarc posed as an imaginary electronica band from Mannheim, Germany at a Seattle-area nightclub. When the group noticed the audience's enthusiasm about their improvised dance songs, they decided to form a side project that would take dance music more seriously. Carly Nicklaus, Amanda Okonek and Derek Chan joined the members of Wonderful to develop that project, which would become the United State of Electronica.

U.S.E. released its debut self-titled, self-recorded album with handpainted covers in 2004. With no distribution, U.S.E turned to the Internet and gave the album to the world for free via http://www.mannheimworldwide.com. The album was released nationally through Sonic Boom Recordings in early 2005 and released in Japan in 2005 on Side-Out Records. U.S.E continued to tour the U.S. extensively with The Presidents of the United States of America, Ted Leo and the Pharmacists, The Hold Steady, Aqueduct, Schoolyard Heroes, The Divorce and many more.  After "IT IS ON!" reached No. 4 on the Japanese music charts, U.S.E made three trips to Japan in 2005, including the 2005 Fuji Rock Festival and played the Sasquatch! Music Festival in Central Washington.

After another trip to Japan and tours to SXSW in 2006 and 2007, the U.S.E. album was again re-released in the U.K. by The Original Electronic Recording Company.

U.S.E's second full length "LOVEWORLD" was recorded in Seattle at Avast! Recording studios with engineer Cameron Nicklaus and with U.S.E at the Cabana. The songs "All The World", "Get That Feeling", "River of Love", live favorites "Dance With Me" and "Party People" are among others to be on the new LP. It was released on August 26, 2009.

Their song "Open Your Eyes" was used at E3 2008 for the New Xbox Experience Promo.

After more than 10 years of silence, the entire band came together to play a New Years Eve show at the end of 2019, along with Aqueduct and 52 kings.

Band members

Current members
 Derek Chan — bass
 Jason Holstrom — guitar, vocals
 Carly Nicklaus — vocals
 Amanda Khanjian — vocals
 Jon e. Rock — drums, vocals
 Peter Sali — guitar, vocals
 Noah Star Weaver — keyboards, vocoder

Past members
 Shane Tutmarc — bass

Discography
Emerald City EP (2002)
Emerald City 12" (2003)
U.S.E. (2004)
Live and Direct from the Emerald City EP (2005)
Party People EP (2005)
LOVEWORLD (2009)

External links
United State of Electronica official website
United State of Electronica on Myspace

The Stranger Japan Interview: April 2005
Lazy-i Interview: March 2005
Seattle live show review on Three Imaginary Girls: April 2007

American dance music groups
Dance-punk musical groups
Electronic music groups from Washington (state)
Indie rock musical groups from Washington (state)
Musical groups from Seattle

United State of Electronica


Chilonis () was a Spartan princess, daughter of Leotychidas, wife of Cleonymus, then Acrotatus, with whom she had Areus II. She is known from Plutarch's "Life of Pyrrhus".

Biography
Her much older husband Cleonymus, a son of Cleomenes II, had not been allowed to succeed to his father's throne because of his violent and tyrannical behaviour, and had spent many years away from Sparta as a soldier of fortune. Chilonis was unfaithful to him with Acrotatus, son of the king Areus I. Areus was away with his army in Gortyn, Crete (272 BC) when Cleonymus attacked his homeland with the help of Pyrrhus of Epirus.

Chilonis preferred death to a return to her husband; in Plutarch's account of the battle, she kept a rope tied around her neck ready to commit suicide in the case of defeat. With the help of their women, the Spartans, led by Acrotatus, were able to withstand the attack, until the return of the king from Gortyn. He was able to defeat Pyrrhus and Cleonymus decisively.

Chilonis and Acrotatus had a child, who later ruled as Areus II, Agiad King of Sparta.

Notes

References
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Pyrrhus
Smith, William "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities edited",Little, Brown  Co, 1870
Sarah B. Pomeroy, Spartan Women, Oxford University Press, 2002

Spartan princesses
Spartan women in ancient warfare
3rd-century BC Spartans
3rd-century BC Greek women

Chilonis (daughter of Leotychidas)


Undercover Brother is a 2002 American satirical spy action comedy blaxploitation film directed by Malcolm D. Lee and starring Eddie Griffin. The screenplay by John Ridley and Michael McCullers is based on the Internet animated series created by Ridley. It spoofs blaxploitation films of the 1970s as well as a number of other films, most notably the James Bond franchise. It also stars former Saturday Night Live cast member Chris Kattan and comedian Dave Chappelle as well as Aunjanue Ellis, Neil Patrick Harris, Denise Richards, and Billy Dee Williams, and features a cameo by James Brown.

Plot
The film begins with a backstory of how African-American culture's popularity with the American public began to decline in the 1980s, when style and originality began to lose appeal in the public eye due to the persistent efforts of "The Man", a powerful Caucasian man in control of a secret organization that seeks to undermine the African-American community as well as the cultures of other minorities. The Man is infuriated that Gen. Warren Boutwell, a United States Army general (based on Colin Powell), is considering running for president, and his lackey Mr. Feather informs him of a mind-control drug which The Man uses to make Boutwell abort his plans and instead open a fried chicken franchise. The B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D., a secret organization that battles The Man's influence, determines The Man is behind Boutwell's change of heart, and recruits a freelance spy named Undercover Brother to aid them.

Undercover Brother joins B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D. which is made up of the Chief, Conspiracy Brother, Smart Brother, Sistah Girl, and Lance, an intern who is the only white man in the organization hired due to affirmative action. Undercover Brother goes undercover as a new employee at a cigarette company owned by The Man, where Mr. Feather discovers his identity. He deploys a secret weapon that he calls "Black Man's Kryptonite", an attractive assassin named White She-Devil. Posing as another new employee, she and Undercover Brother start dating, and she begins to make him do stereotypical "white" things, such as buying corduroy and khaki clothes, singing karaoke, and adopting a silly set of euphemisms. Meanwhile, The Man distributes his mind-control drug through Boutwell's fried chicken, infecting other black celebrities and making them act white, as well as marketing the chicken nationwide to land a crushing blow to African-American culture.

Concerned with Undercover Brother's unusual behavior, Sistah Girl attacks White She-Devil and convinces Undercover Brother to return to the fight. White She-Devil turns on her own henchmen to save the two, revealing she has fallen in love with Undercover Brother. They return to the B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D., where Smart Brother questions White She-Devil about The Man and Lance is officially made part of the group when he declares his desire to abolish bigotry after watching Roots. The group heads to an awards gala after they find out that James Brown is The Man's next target. Mr. Feather kidnaps Brown and takes him to The Man's base. B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D. secures an antidote for the mind control drug and follows via a transmitter placed on Brown, infiltrating the base posing as a cleaning crew, to rescue Brown and Boutwell.

Mr. Feather prepares to administer the drug to Brown and present him as a trophy to The Man, and Brown reveals himself as Undercover Brother in disguise. Mr. Feather sends his henchmen after B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D., who rescue Boutwell, and is ordered by Mr. Feather to kill Undercover Brother. In the fighting, Conspiracy Brother accidentally begins the building's self-destruct sequence. The B.R.O.T.H.E.R.H.O.O.D. cures Boutwell and evacuate him from the building while Undercover Brother chases Mr. Feather to the roof. The Man's helicopter circles overhead and leaves, The Man abandoning Mr. Feather for failing him. Mr. Feather jumps onto the helicopter's landing gear as it flies away, and Undercover Brother uses his afro picks to impale Mr. Feather in the buttocks, causing him to fall into the ocean, where he is eaten by a shark. However, The Man escapes. Undercover Brother survives the building's self-destruction by leaping off the building and using his modified parachute pants to escape. He and Sistah Girl kiss and leave the island, the world at peace.

Cast
 Eddie Griffin as Undercover Brother / Anton Jackson
 Chris Kattan as Mr. Feather
 Denise Richards as White She-Devil / Penelope Snow
 Aunjanue Ellis as Sistah Girl
 Dave Chappelle as Conspiracy Brother Jones
 Chi McBride as The Chief
 Neil Patrick Harris as Lance the Intern
 Gary Anthony Williams as Smart Brother
 Billy Dee Williams as General Warren Boutwell
 Jack Noseworthy as Mr. Elias
 J.D. Hall as The Narrator
 James Brown as himself
 Robert Trumbull as The Man
 Robert Townsend as Mr. U.B.

Filming locations
The R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant in Toronto served as the headquarters for "The Man".

Music
"Undercova Funk (Give Up the Funk)" by Snoop Dogg featuring Bootsy Collins was released as a single from the film's soundtrack album on Hollywood Records, sampling "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)" by Parliament, from the album Mothership Connection, which was also featured in the film. A music video for "Undercover Funk" was also produced, featuring appearances from Eddie Griffin, Bootsy Collins and Buckethead.

Reception

Box office
Undercover Brother made $12.1 million during its opening weekend, ranking in fourth place at the box office, behind The Sum of All Fears, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Spider-Man.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 77% based on 130 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Fast-paced and filled with racial gags, Undercover Brother serves up plenty of laughs and sharp satire." On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave a positive review, stating: "The picture is crammed with shameless satire, engaging moments of pure silliness and jokes that border on the outrageous. It combines relentless energy with an aura of good nature for a formula that works."

Later, Denise Richards said:"That was a fun movie. We had so much fun doing it. It's so camp and silly."

Sequel

A sequel titled Undercover Brother 2 starring Michael Jai White, Gary Owen, Affion Crockett, and Brandon Hirsch was released on Netflix and directly to video in 2019.

Awards
 Black Reel - Best Film Song for "Undercova Brother (We Got the Funk)"
 Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Awards - Best Guilty Pleasure

References

External links

2002 films
2002 action comedy films
2000s American films
2000s English-language films
2000s exploitation films
2000s parody films
2000s spy action films
2000s spy comedy films
African-American action comedy films
American spy action films
American spy comedy films
Blaxploitation films
English-language action comedy films
English-language spy comedy films
Films about mind control
Films based on Internet-based works
Films directed by Malcolm D. Lee
Films produced by Brian Grazer
Films scored by Stanley Clarke
Films shot in Toronto
Films with screenplays by John Ridley
Films with screenplays by Michael McCullers
Imagine Entertainment films
Live-action films based on animated series
Parody films based on James Bond films
Universal Pictures films

Undercover Brother


François de Chancy (1600–1656) was a French singer lutenist and composer. He was a master of music for Cardinal Richelieu in 1631, master of chamber music (1635) and was chamber musician of the King's Chapel (1649). François de Chancy was highly regarded by Mersenne, who included Chancy pieces in his treatises. He died in Paris in his mid-fifties.

He participated and collaborated on vocal music of the following ballets de cour:
 Ballet de la prospérité des armes de France, 1641
 Ballet du dérèglement des passions, 1648
 Ballet des fêtes de Bacchus, 1651

Publications
He was noted in following publications:
 Tablature de mandore (pub. 1629) in Paris with Ballard
 12 lute pieces in Tablature de luth de différents auteurs sur des accords nouveaux, (pub. 1631)
 two books of Airs de cour à 4 parties (pub. 1635, 1644), the 1st and 2nd Livre d'Équivoques (pub. 1640, 1647) and 3rd, 4th and 5th Livre de chansons (pub. 1649, 1651, 1655).

The other airs and tablatures are included in books of Chansons pour danser et pour boire (Paris: Ballard, 1660) and of Mss. M. Mersenne, in L'Harmonie universelle, in two German books (tablature for lute and tablature for mandore).

Bibliography
 Marc Honegger (ed.): Dictionnaire de la musique (Paris: Bordas, 1986), p. 231.

1600 births
1656 deaths
17th-century classical composers
French Baroque composers
Composers for lute
French ballet composers
French lutenists
French male singers
French male classical composers
17th-century male musicians

François de Chancy


The Killing$ of Tony Blair is a documentary film presented and narrated by George Galloway (who also produced) and co-directed by Sanne van den Bergh and Greg Ward.

The film was released, theatrically, in the UK on 27 July 2016. The DVD and download followed on 15 August.

Proposal
In August 2013, Galloway announced his intention to make a documentary film under the original title of The Killing of Tony Blair to be financed by on-line public subscription raised via the crowdfunding site Kickstarter. With a title chosen for "shock value", the film concerns Blair's alleged destruction of the Labour Party, the hundreds of thousands of civilians who died during the Iraq War, and the former Prime Minister's well-remunerated business interests and relationship with the bank JP Morgan and Middle East dictators since he left office in 2007; in Galloway's view, a third "killing". In the Kickstarter promotional video, Galloway expressed the hope that his actions would lead to pressure on Blair, stating: "It will take him all [the way] to The Hague, to a war crimes trial and to the slamming of a cell door shut behind him."  He promised to "uncover some startling new truths" about Blair.

The documentary film-maker Greg Ward was originally announced as the co-director of the project with Galloway, and the film was intended to be released globally. The Kickstarter campaign was set up with the target of raising £50,000, but by the time it ended, more than three times this amount had been raised through donations - £164,000.

Reception
Henry Barnes of The Guardian has written that the claims for the project made by Galloway, "a good friend of hyperbole", do not match the content of the final film. It is, however, "an entertaining ramble through well-publicised allegations and a slick run down the rap sheet for those who need a reminder of Tony's avarice".

Dave Calhoun of Time Out described the film as a "surprisingly sober documentary about our former Prime Minister's dirty dealings". Alexa Dalby of independent film magazine Dog and Wolf,  wrote that "this accessible and well-made film makes excellent use of archive footage" and is "wide ranging enough to cleverly flesh out the recent history even if it has no startlingly new information to add". It is though "totally one-sided", according to Dalby. According to Geoffrey MacNab, writing for The Independent in July 2016, "Galloway has assembled a formidable list of witnesses for the prosecution", but MacNab added "one of the weaknesses here is that there is nobody to argue Blair's case".

Jeremy Aspinall, writing for the Radio Times, described Galloway as a "Michael Moore style investigator" who was "an urgent, entertaining, and yes, abrasive inquisitor".

Allan Hunter, of the Daily Express, called the film "a partisan documentary in which Galloway provides an entertaining commentary on the many sins of the former prime minister", before concluding that "all the accusations may be familiar but the cumulative effect is depressing in the extreme".

"It is a meticulous documentation of Blair's odious, immoral and almost unbelievable money-grubbing-from-despots venality", wrote Rod Liddle in an almost entirely  positive review in  The Spectator. "Galloway is a terrific presenter, dapper in his left-wing hat, all boilerplate rhetoric, biblical quotations and growled sardonic asides".  Wendy Ide wrote for The Observer: "While there is no doubt that Blair should be called to account, Galloway's lack of credibility and air of insufferable sanctimony have the unexpected result of making you want to side with Blair". Yohann Koshy for Vice magazine commented: "There's a tension between [Blair] as a malicious individual, obsessed with money and power, and a cipher for all that's calamitous with life in the early 21st century – Galloway ends the film by saying, after all that, that Blair is 'just a symptom'. But if Blair's guilty of everything, as the film suggests, then he's guilty of nothing".

Box office
The film was officially released on 27 July 2016 with a limited nationwide release across predominantly independent cinemas. By the third week in August 2016, the film had grossed just £17,730.

References

External links

2016 films
Documentary films about British politicians
British documentary films
Cultural depictions of Tony Blair
George Galloway
2010s English-language films
2010s British films

The Killing$ of Tony Blair


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein also known as calcium-response factor (CaRF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALS2CR8 gene.

Knocking out the Carf (Als2cr8) gene in mice results in learning associated deficits. Furthermore, Carf has been shown to function as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BDNF.

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ALS2CR8