Nancy Clara Cunard (10 March 1896 – 17 March 1965) was a British writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class, and devoted much of her life to fighting racism and fascism. She became a muse to some of the 20th century's most distinguished writers and artists, including Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Tristan Tzara, Ezra Pound and Louis Aragon—who were among her lovers—as well as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Constantin Brâncuși, Langston Hughes, Man Ray and William Carlos Williams. MI5 documents reveal that she was involved with Indian socialist leader V. K. Krishna Menon.

In later years she suffered from mental illness, and her physical health deteriorated. When she died in the Hôpital Cochin, Paris, she weighed only 26 kg (57 pounds / 4 stone, 1lb).

1910s
Cunard's father was Sir Bache Cunard, an heir to the Cunard Line shipping businesses, interested in polo and fox hunting, and a baronet. Her mother was Maud Alice Burke, an American heiress, who adopted the first name Emerald and became a leading London society hostess. Nancy had been brought up on the family estate at Nevill Holt, Leicestershire. When her parents separated in 1911, she moved to London with her mother. Her education was at various boarding schools, including time in France and Germany.

In London, she spent a good deal of her childhood with her mother's long-time admirer, the novelist George Moore. It was even rumoured that Moore was her father, and although this has been largely dismissed, there is no question that he played an important role in her life while she was growing up. She would later write a memoir about her affection for "GM".

On 15November 1916 she married Sydney Fairbairn, a cricketer and army officer who had been wounded at Gallipoli. After a honeymoon in Devon and Cornwall, they lived in London in a house given to them by Nancy's mother as a wedding present. The couple separated in 1919 and divorced in 1925.

At this time she was on the edge of the influential group The Coterie, associating in particular with Iris Tree.

She contributed to the anthology Wheels, edited by the Sitwells, for which she provided the title poem; it has been said that the venture was originally her project.

Cunard's lover Peter Broughton-Adderley was killed in action in France less than a month before Armistice Day.  Many who knew her claimed that she never fully recovered from Adderley's loss.

Paris
Nancy Cunard moved to Paris in 1920. There, she became involved with literary Modernism, Surrealists and Dada.  Much of her published poetry dates from this period. During her early years in Paris, she was close to Michael Arlen.

In 1920 she had a near-fatal hysterectomy, for reasons that are not entirely clear. She recovered, and was then able to lead an active sexual life without the fear of pregnancy.

A brief relationship with Aldous Huxley influenced several of his novels. She was the model for Myra Viveash in Antic Hay (1923) and for Lucy Tantamount in Point Counter Point (1928).

In Paris, Cunard spent much time with Eugene McCown, an American artist from the hard-drinking set whom she made her protégé. It has been suggested that she became dependent on alcohol at this time, and may have used other drugs.

In 1928, the year she founded her publishing company, Hours Press, she met Henry Crowder, with whom she lived until 1933.

Personal style
Cunard's style, informed by her devotion to the artefacts of African culture, was startlingly unconventional. The large-scale jewellery she favoured, crafted of wood, bone and ivory, the natural materials used by native crafts people, was provocative and controversial. The bangles she wore on both arms snaking from wrist to elbow were considered outré adornments, which provoked media attention, visually compelling subject matter for photographers of the day. She was often photographed wearing her collection, those of African inspiration and neckpieces of wooden cubes, which paid homage to the concepts of Cubism.

At first considered the bohemian affectation of an eccentric heiress, the fashion world came to legitimize this style as avant garde, dubbing it the "barbaric look". Prestigious jewellery houses such as Boucheron created their own African-inspired cuff of gold beads. Boucheron, eschewing costly gemstones, incorporated into the finished creation green malachite and a striking purple mineral, purpurite, instead. It exhibited this high-end piece at the Exposition Coloniale in 1931.

The Hours Press
In 1927, Cunard moved into a farmhouse in La Chapelle-Réanville, Normandy. It was there in 1928 that she set up the Hours Press. Previously the small press had been called Three Mountains Press and run by William Bird, an American journalist in Paris, who had published books by its editor from 1923, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams' The Great American Novel, Robert McAlmond and Ernest Hemingway's In Our Time. Cunard wanted to support experimental poetry and provide a higher-paying market for young writers. Her inherited wealth allowed her to take financial risks that other publishers could not. The Hours Press became known for its beautiful book designs and high-quality production.

It brought out the first separately published work of Samuel Beckett, a poem called Whoroscope (1930); Bob Brown's Words; and Pound's A Draft of XXX Cantos. Cunard published old friends such as George Moore, Norman Douglas, Richard Aldington and Arthur Symons, and brought out Henry-Music, a book of poems from various authors with music by Henry Crowder, two books by Laura Riding, the Collected Poems of John Rodker, poems by Roy Campbell, Harold Acton, Brian Howard and Walter Lowenfels. Wyn Henderson had taken over day-to-day operation of the press by 1931; in the same year it published its last book, The Revaluation of Obscenity by sexologist Havelock Ellis.

Political activism
In 1928 (after a two-year affair with Louis Aragon) Cunard began a relationship with Henry Crowder, an African-American jazz musician who was working in Paris. She became an activist in matters concerning racial politics and civil rights in the USA, and visited Harlem. In 1931, she published the pamphlet Black Man and White Ladyship, an attack on racist attitudes as exemplified by Cunard's mother, whom she quoted as saying: "Is it true that my daughter knows a Negro?"

She edited the massive Negro Anthology, collecting poetry, fiction, and nonfiction primarily by African-American writers, including Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston. It included writing by George Padmore and Cunard's own account of the Scottsboro Boys case.  Press attention to this project in May 1932, two years before it was published, led to Cunard's receiving anonymous threats and hate mail, some of which she published in the book, expressing regret that "[others] are obscene, so this portion of American culture cannot be made public."

She identified as an anarchist.

Anti-fascism
In the mid-1930s Cunard took up the anti-fascist fight, writing about Mussolini's annexation of Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War.  She predicted, accurately, that the "events in Spain were a prelude to another world war". Her stories about the suffering of Spanish refugees became the basis for a fundraising appeal in the Manchester Guardian. Cunard herself helped deliver supplies and organize the relief effort, but poor health – caused in part by exhaustion and the conditions in the camps – forced her to return to Paris, where she stood on the streets collecting funds for the refugees.  In the pages of Sylvia Pankhurst's The New Times and Ethiopia News, in a comment on how ingrained race and colonial prejudices were even among the Left, she suggested that had the Spanish Popular Front government engaged the good-will of its colonial subjects, the fascist rebellion against the republic might have strangled where it first broke out – in Spanish Morocco.

In 1937 she published a series of pamphlets of war poetry, including the work of W. H. Auden, Tristan Tzara and Pablo Neruda. Later in 1937, together with Auden and Stephen Spender, she distributed a questionnaire about the war to writers in Europe. The results were published by the Left Review as Authors Take Sides on the Spanish War.

The questionnaire to 200 writers asked the following question: "Are you for, or against, the legal government and people of Republican Spain? Are you for, or against, Franco and Fascism? For it is impossible any longer to take no side."

There were 147 answers, of which 126 supported the Republic, including W. H. Auden, Samuel Beckett and Rebecca West.

Five writers explicitly responded in favour of Franco: they were Evelyn Waugh, Edmund Blunden, Arthur Machen, Geoffrey Moss and Eleanor Smith.

Among sixteen responses that Cunard, in her eventually published compendium, grouped under the sceptical heading "Neutral?" were H. G. Wells, Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot and Vera Brittain.

The most famous response was not included: it came from George Orwell, and began:Will you please stop sending me this bloody rubbish. This is the second or third time I have had it. I am not one of your fashionable pansies like Auden or Spender, I was six months in Spain, most of the time fighting, I have a bullet hole in me at present and I am not going to write blah about defending democracy or gallant little anybody... .Several other writers also declined to contribute, including Virginia Woolf, Bertrand Russell, E. M. Forster, and James Joyce.

During World War II, Cunard worked, to the point of physical exhaustion, as a translator in London on behalf of the French Resistance.

Later life
After the war, Cunard gave up her home at Réanville and travelled extensively. In June 1948, she travelled from Trinidad to the United Kingdom, on board the . The voyage and the ship later became well-known because the other passengers on board included one of the first large groups of post-war West Indian immigrants to the United Kingdom.

In September 1948 she started renting a small house in the French village Lamothe-Fénelon in the Dordogne Valley. In later years she suffered from mental illness and poor physical health, worsened by alcoholism, poverty, and self-destructive behaviour. She was committed to a mental hospital after a fight with London police. After her release, her health declined even further, and she weighed less than 60 pounds when she was found on the street in Paris and brought to the Hôpital Cochin, where she died two days later.

Her body was returned to England for cremation and the remains were sent back to the Cimetière du Père-Lachaise in Paris.  Her ashes rest in urn number 9016.

Tributes
Constantin Brâncuși's La Jeune Fille Sophistiquée (Portrait de Nancy Cunard), a polished bronze on a carved marble base (1932), sold in May 2018 for US$71 million (with fees) at Christie's New York, setting a world record auction price for the artist.

According to an account of drafts of the poem "Nancy Cunard" by Mina Loy held in Yale University Library,

Works
Outlaws (1921), poems
Sublunary (1923), poems
Parallax (1925, Hogarth Press), poems
Poems (Two) (1925, Aquila Press), poems
Poems (1930)
Black Man and White Ladyship (1931) polemic pamphlet
Negro (1934) anthology of African literature and art, editor
Authors Take Sides (1937) pamphlet, compiler
Los poetas del mundo defienden al pueblo español (1937, Paris), co-editor with Pablo Neruda
The White Man's Duty: An analysis of the colonial question in the light of the Atlantic Charter (with George Padmore) (1942)
Poems for France, La France libre, London, 1944 and Poèmes à la France, Seghers, Paris, 1947
Releve into Marquis (1944)
Grand Man: Memories of Norman Douglas (1954)
GM: Memories of George Moore (1956)
These Were the Hours: Memories of My Hours Press, Réanville and Paris, 1928–1931 (1969), autobiography
Poems of Nancy Cunard: from the Bodleian Library (2005), edited with an introduction by John Lucas.
Selected Poems (2016), edited with an introduction by Sandeep Parmar.

Notes

References
Bankes, Ariane. "Nancy Cunard, Rebel Lover". The Times Literary Supplement, 7 April 2007. (Review of Gordon.)
Chisholm, Anne. Nancy Cunard: A Biography. 1979. New York: Penguin Books, 1981.
Fielding, Daphne. Those Remarkable Cunards, Emerald and Nancy (1968).
Ford, Hugh, ed. Nancy Cunard: Brave Poet, Indomitable Rebel 1896–1965 (1968).
Gordon, Lois. Nancy Cunard: Heiress, Muse, Political Idealist. New York: Columbia UP, 2007.  (10).  (13).

Loy, Mina. "Nancy Cunard". 103 in The Lost Lunar Baedeker: Poems.  Selected and ed. Roger L. Conover.  New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1996.
Lyden, Jackie. "Nancy Cunard: Rebellious Heiress, Inspired Life". Interview of Lois Gordon and featured excerpts from her biography of Cunard (includes NPR Media Player link). All Things Considered. National Public Radio. 21 July 2007. Accessed 30 January 2008.
Mackrell, Judith. Flappers: Six Women of a Dangerous Generation. 2013.
Weber, Caroline. "The Rebel Heiress". The New York Times Book Review, 1 April 2007.  2 pages. (Review of Gordon.)
Weiss, Andrea. Paris Was a Woman: Portraits from the Left Bank (2001).

Further reading
Burkhart, Charles. Herman and Nancy and Ivy: Three Lives in Art (Victor Gollancz, 1977)

External links

Nancy Cunard – Biography on SchoolNet at Spartacus Educational.  Accessed 30 January 2008.
 Henry Crowder and Nancy Cunard
 Nancy Cunard on Josephine Baker
 Nancy Cunard's Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
 Nancy Cunard correspondence and other archival material at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center

1896 births
1965 deaths
20th-century English poets
20th-century English women writers
British people of the Spanish Civil War
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Daughters of baronets
English anti-fascists
English people of American descent
English polo players
English women poets
Fairbairn family
Private press movement people
Women in the Spanish Civil War
Nancy

Nancy Cunard


IEEE 802.6 is a standard governed by the ANSI for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). It is an improvement of an older standard (also created by ANSI) which used the Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) network structure. The FDDI-based standard failed due to its expensive implementation and lack of compatibility with current LAN standards. The IEEE 802.6 standard uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) network form. This form supports 150 Mbit/s transfer rates. It consists of two unconnected unidirectional buses. DQDB is rated for a maximum of 160 km before significant signal degradation over fiberoptic cable with an optical wavelength of 1310 nm.

This standard has also failed, mostly for the same reasons that the FDDI standard failed. MANs are traditionally designed using Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Recent designs use native Ethernet or MPLS.

References

IEEE 802.06
Networking standards
Metropolitan area networks

IEEE 802.6


A Vampyre Story: Year One is a discontinued episodic point-and-click adventure game prequel to A Vampyre Story, formerly in development by Autumn Moon Entertainment for Windows. The game would have consisted of up to four self-contained episodes. Each episode would have taken place during one of the four seasons of the year. Autumn Moon attempted to crowd fund the game in 2013, but the Kickstarter campaign was unsuccessful. However, the game was still in development for a while.

Gameplay
Like its predecessor, A Vampyre Story: Year One would have used a point-and-click interface with a context-sensitive radial cursor, much the same as The Curse of Monkey Island.

Plot
The game would have followed Mona De Lafitte, at a point when she has just recently been imprisoned in Castle Warg, the castle she escaped from in the first game. The game would have begun when she first meets the bat who will become her sidekick, Froderick.

Development
After developing two graphic adventure games under his Autumn Moon studio, Bill Tiller found himself unable to attract publishers to invest in additional titles, and proceeded to take other jobs in the industry. With development of A Vampyre Story 2: A Bat's Tale stalled due to financial problems with its publisher Crimson Cow Games, Tiller conceived of a prequel as an opportunity to continue to work on the franchise independently as well as fill in the backstory between the Mona and Froderick characters.

A Vampyre Story: Year One was first announced in October 2010 as an episodic adventure game that was intended to be released on iPad first, with a PC version following afterward. Later, it was verified that the game would be targeting Windows first, with other platforms a later possibility.

In April 2012, Bill expressed an interest in exploring crowdfunding to complete development due to the success of Broken Age on the Kickstarter platform. He considered collaborating with MonkeyFun, a studio that had previously assisted in the development of Autumn Moon's engine and where Bill served a stint as an art director, but they were ultimately not interested in a graphic adventure game.

The modest team finally launched their Kickstarter project on June 1, 2013, using for their pitch video a three-minute cinematic starring the game's cast. The campaign's goal was for , which would fund the first of up to four self-contained episodes as well as upgrading the existing Autumn Moon engine to Unity. It was also confirmed that Pedro Macedo Camacho would reprise his role as composer. Tiller speculated that the campaign could serve to raise awareness for the franchise that he hoped might elevate Crimsom Cow's willingness to resume production of A Vampyre Story 2: A Bat's Tale.

In July 2013, after the Kickstarter campaign proved unsuccessful, Tiller stated that development of A Vampyre Story: Year One would continue without funding. The team proceeded with the effort to convert their engine to Unity, creating a tech demo that would become Duke Grabowski: Mighty Swashbuckler!.

References

External links

A Vampyre Story
Adventure games
Autumn Moon Entertainment games
Episodic video games
Point-and-click adventure games
Crowdfunding projects
Video games about vampires
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in castles
Video games set in Europe
Windows games

A Vampyre Story: Year One


Hong Kong Legends was a United Kingdom DVD distribution company, based in Hertfordshire and operating from the UK and Australia between 1999 and 2007. Hong Kong Legends was initially part of Medusa Communications, who, along with Soulblade bought up the UK distribution rights for film titles previously owned by Eastern Heroes label.

Hong Kong Legends released 101 Hong Kong classic films, primarily martial arts films and other action films. In preparing the DVDs, they gained access to the vaults of Hong Kong studios such as Golden Harvest, selecting the films with the highest quality prints available. Hong Kong Legends added audio commentaries, most notably by Hong Kong cinema expert Bey Logan, conducted interviews with key actors, directors and other film crew, performed new translations for subtitles and cleaned up damage to the films.

Their catalogue of films included releases featuring Hong Kong stars such as Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, Sammo Hung, Yuen Biao, Jet Li, Chow Yun-fat, Donnie Yen and Michelle Yeoh.

History

In 2004, Contender Entertainment Group (the UK branch of Entertainment One) took over Medusa Communications, including both Hong Kong Legends, and their sister brand, Premier Asia.

Brian White, who had been the Brand Manager and prime mover of the label, left Contender. He was also a close personal friend of Bey Logan. Logan decided it was time to leave the company and moved to the US, to begin working in a similar capacity for The Weinstein Company's East Asian DVD distribution company Dragon Dynasty.

Shortly thereafter, Harvey Weinstein brought White on board at Dragon Dynasty as Vice-President of Asian Brand Management and Post Production. With the loss of two of its biggest assets (Logan, for his popular commentaries; and White, who had been responsible for many of the exclusive extras), Hong Kong Legends had to cancel many of its planned releases. As no attempt was made to bring in replacement staff to perform audio commentaries, or to create bonus features, the release schedule dropped, ultimately spelling the demise of the company. Subsequent DVDs were released in so-called "Ultra Bit" versions, implying DVDs with improved bitrates or in otherwise "special editions". In fact, the releases were significantly more basic, the company having lost the rights for additional features other than trailers, and the bitrate was no higher than their previous releases.

The directors of Medusa went on to start a new company, Showbox Media Group.

Beginning in September 2005, in co-operation with magazine / partwork publisher De Agostini, a selection of the better known Hong Kong Legends titles were released along with a fortnightly magazine giving facts and backgrounds on the featured film. The titles released included Fist of Fury, Drunken Master, Once Upon a Time in China, The Killer. The series continued for 47 issues.

On 5 November 2007, Hong Kong Legends DVD label was discontinued, after the Cine Asia DVD label was formed.

On 18 March 2011, Cine Asia announced a revival of the Hong Kong Legends titles under the banner of Cine Asia Presents Hong Kong Legends.  The press release featured new artwork for The Big Boss, Fist of Fury, Game of Death, and Way of the Dragon.

Releases

Films

 2000 AD
 Armour of God
 The Avenging Fist
 Battle Creek Brawl
 Beast Cops
 A Better Tomorrow 2
 The Big Boss
 The Blacksheep Affair
 Body Weapon
 Bullet in the Head
 A Chinese Ghost Story
 A Chinese Ghost Story 2
 City Hunter
 City on Fire
 Crime Story
 Dragon Fist
 The Dragon from Russia
 Dragon Lord
 Dragons Forever
 Dreadnaught
 Drunken Master
 Duel to the Death
 Eastern Condors
 Encounters of the Spooky Kind
 The Fearless Hyena
 First Option
 Fist of Fury
 Flaming Brothers
 Full Contact
 Game of Death
 Game of Death II
 Hand of Death
 Hapkido
 Heart of the Dragon
 Heroes Shed No Tears
 Hitman
 Hong Kong 1941
 The Iceman Cometh
 In the Line of Duty
 Iron Fisted Monk
 Iron Monkey
 Island of Fire
 The Killer
 King of Beggars
 Knockabout
 Last Hurrah for Chivalry
 Legend of a Fighter
 Magnificent Bodyguards
 Magnificent Butcher
 Magnificent Warriors
 The Master
 Millionaire's Express
 Miracles
 Mr. Vampire
 Moon Warriors
 My Lucky Stars
 Naked Killer
 Naked Weapon
 New Dragon Gate Inn
 New Fist of Fury
 New Police Story
 Ninja in the Dragon's Den
 The Odd Couple
 Once a Thief
 Once Upon a Time in China
 Once Upon a Time in China II
 Once Upon a Time in China III
 Outlaw Brothers
 The Peacock King
 Police Assassins
 Police Story
 Police Story 2
 The Postman Fights Back
 The Prodigal Son
 Project A
 Project A Part II
 The Protector
 Purple Storm
 Red Wolf
 Riki-Oh: The Story of Ricky
 The Scorpion King
 Seoul Raiders
 Seven Swords
 Sex and Zen
 Shaolin Wooden Men aka Shaolin Chamber of Death
 She Shoots Straight
 Skinny Tiger, Fatty Dragon
 Snake & Crane Arts of Shaolin
 Snake in the Eagle's Shadow
 Spiritual Kung Fu
 The Swordsman
 Tai Chi Boxer
 Tiger on the Beat
 Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars
 Warriors Two
 Way of the Dragon
 Wheels on Meals
 Wing Chun
 Winners and Sinners
 The Young Master
 Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain

Documentaries
 An Introduction To Hong Kong Legends
 Bruce Lee, The Legend & Bruce Lee: The Man and the Legend
 Heromakers
 Jackie Chan: My Story / My Stunts

Box Sets

 Bruce Lee 30th Anniversary Commemorative
 The Donnie Yen Collection
 The Epic Action Collection
 The Fantasy Swordplay Collection
 The Jackie Chan Collection
 The Jackie Chan Project A Collection
 The Jet Li Collection
 The John Woo Collection
 Manga in Motion
 The Michelle Yeoh Collection
 The Police Story Double Disc Set
 Tsui Hark's Once Upon a Time in China Trilogy

Release information taken from various sources, including the now defunct official Hong Kong Legends website, IMDB
 and online stores such as HKFlix.

References

Film distributors of the United Kingdom
DVD companies of the United Kingdom
Mass media companies established in 1999
Companies disestablished in 2007
1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
2004 mergers and acquisitions
2007 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Entertainment One

Hong Kong Legends


KXMB-TV (channel 12) is a television station in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States, affiliated with CBS and The CW Plus. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, and maintains studios on North 15th Street in Bismarck; its transmitter is located near St. Anthony, North Dakota.

KXMB-TV serves as the flagship station of KX Television, a regional network of four stations relaying CBS network and other programming provided by KXMB across central and western North Dakota, as well as bordering counties in Montana and South Dakota. The three satellite stations clear all network and syndicated programming as provided through KXMB but air separate legal identifications and commercial inserts. KXMC-TV (channel 13) in Minot also produces local weather and sports inserts, KXMD-TV (channel 11) in Williston simulcasts KXMC's programming, and KXMA-DT2 in Dickinson (channel 2.2) simulcasts KXMB's programming. The four stations are counted as a single unit for ratings purposes.

KXMC is the oldest station of the KX group, and was the flagship station originating programming until master control and internal operations were moved to KXMB in the 2000s. Dish Network only provides KXMC, while DirecTV only provides KXMB, as central and western North Dakota's CBS affiliate.

History

KXMB first went on the air on November 19, 1955 as KBMB-TV, owned by Fargo businessman John Boler and his North Dakota Broadcasting Company. The station had a primary affiliation with CBS, but carried other networks as well. During the late 1950s, the station was briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network. In 1958, it moved to its current location.

In 1959, Boler sold a part-interest in the North Dakota Broadcasting Company to Chester Reiten of Minot. The two men teamed up to buy that city's CBS station, KCJB-TV, and changed the calls to KXMC-TV. The two stations merged their operations, with KXMC as the flagship station. That same year, KBMB changed its calls to the current KXMB. They would put KXMD-TV in Williston on in 1969.

KXJB-TV in Fargo was co-owned with the KX stations (though programmed separately) until Boler sold his interest in the partnership to Reiten in 1971. Reiten retained the western North Dakota stations. The KX stations formerly had a secondary affiliation with ABC shared with KFYR-TV before full-time ABC affiliate KBMY signed on.

Reiten Broadcasting purchased KNDX (previously KDIX-TV) in Dickinson in 1985 and converted it into a full-time semi-satellite of KXMB and changed the call letters to KXMA (It would have been KXME, but Prairie Public Television objected.) Before being sister stations, KNDX/KDIX would often pick up CBS programming from KXMB since 1970, when KHSD-TV (KOTA-TV Rapid City, South Dakota satellite) dropped CBS programming.

After an ice storm on April 6, 1997 caused the KXJB-TV mast to collapse, some cable systems replaced KXJB with KXMB, either temporarily or permanently, to maintain CBS service.

In 2006, the stations began a web portal-like website called KX Net, with each station's website displaying a localized front page. The stations continue to be branded as "KX Television" and as "KX News" on the air, but also use the "KX Net" moniker on the air also. KXNet.com combined the previous domains kxma.com, kxmb.com, kxmc.com and kxmd.com under one umbrella. The original domains are still active. KXNet.com won the 2007 Teddy Award for Best Website and the 2007 Eric Sevareid Award for best website small market television in a six state region.

In July 2008, Reiten Television began a joint agreement to sell television commercial slots on both KXMB and KBMY, Bismarck's ABC affiliate owned by Forum Communications Company. KXMB houses sales and engineering personnel solely for KBMY's operations. A consequence of this agreement has enabled KBMY-DT to begin broadcasting in July 2008 directly from KXMB's station, bringing a digital ABC television signal to Bismarck.

In October 2007, KXNet.com along with Midkota Solutions launched DakotaPolitics.com, a web site focusing on North Dakota political news coverage.  DakotaPolitics featured profile information, voting records and some analysis. DakotaPolitics also launched weekly tracking polls for the 2008 elections. In 2008, KXNet.com became the first web site in North Dakota to deliver a live news broadcast over the Internet when they streamed a 1-hour special coverage of the 2008 Presidential Caucuses from Bismarck.

Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced its $44 million purchase of the Reiten Television stations, including KXMB-TV, on September 17, 2015. The deal gave the Reitens a handsome return on Chester Reiten's investment of 57 years earlier. The sale was completed on February 2, 2016. As a result of the acquisition, Nexstar decided to terminate the Joint Sales Agreement with KBMY.

Programming
The KX network carries the CBS Overnight News (though with public service announcements instead of local commercials), while weekends simulcast the local weather conditions of North Dakota. All four stations provide a formal sign-off, including "The Star-Spangled Banner", at 1:05 a.m. CT/12:05 a.m. MT Tuesday through Saturday mornings and at 1:35 a.m. CT/12:35 a.m. MT on Sunday and Monday mornings.

The North Dakota State Fair parade in Minot is aired live across the KX network every July as well as a July 4th Parade in Mandan.

News operation
KXMB produces separate daily local newscasts at 6 a.m., noon, 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. on weekdays, 6 and 10 p.m. on Saturdays, and 10 p.m. on Sundays. KXMC long aired separate newscasts in these timeslots as well. However, since the Nexstar purchase, its separate newscasts have been replaced with weather and sports inserts during the 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. weekday newscasts. KXMC co-produces a morning show, Good Day Dakota (formerly KX News Morning) and a 5 p.m. newscast with KXMB, broadcast on all four stations. All of the local newscasts are broadcast in high definition.

For many years, KXMA placed inserts into KXMB's newscasts. However, recent cutbacks have resulted in KXMA's operations being largely merged with those of KXMB, and local inserts have been eliminated.

As a whole, KX Television has long trailed NBC North Dakota in the ratings by a significant margin; the main stations and their satellites are counted as one station for ratings and regulatory purposes. However, Good Day Dakota has recently surged well ahead of NBC North Dakota's Country Morning Today—the only time in recent memory that NBC North Dakota has lost consecutive ratings periods in any time slot.

On November 30, 2013, actor Will Ferrell, as a promotion for his film Anchorman 2, co-anchored the station's evening news as his character Ron Burgundy.

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KXMB-TV was the first commercial digital television station in North Dakota as when it went on the air in 2002. The station shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 12, at 10 a.m. on May 28, 2009. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 23 to VHF channel 12 for post-transition operations.

Satellite stations
To reach viewers throughout the vast Minot/Bismarck/Dickinson/Williston television market, KXMB extends its over-the-air coverage area through a network of three full-power stations encompassing much of the western and central two-thirds of North Dakota and parts of eastern Montana and northwestern South Dakota, branded as KX Television.

These stations mostly rebroadcast KXMB, although they rebroadcast KXMC before the 2000s. However, their full-power licenses allow them to broadcast separate station identifications and local commercial inserts, as well as different programming if desired. KXMC maintains a separate studio facility, which houses its Minot newsroom and sales office, and produces separate local newscasts that air nightly on KXMC and simulcast on KXMD. KXMA simulcasts KXMB's newscasts.

See also
KXMA-TV
KXMC-TV
KXMD-TV

References

External links

CBS network affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1955
XMB-TV
1955 establishments in North Dakota
The CW affiliates
Nexstar Media Group
Bismarck, North Dakota

KXMB-TV


Grafik  was a specialist London-based magazine on graphic design and visual culture.

History
Grafik lasted nearly a quarter century as an independently published magazine. It started life as Hot Graphics International in the mid '80s during the 'Digital Revolution'. With help from Meta and a new editor Tim Rich, the magazine was transformed into a monthly magazine Graphics International. In 2001 Caroline Roberts took over the role of editor and in July 2003 the magazine underwent a radical transformation of rebranding and re-designing by London-based graphic design agency MadeThought. The magazine was now called Grafik. In 2009 the role of publisher and editor-in-chief was taken over by Caroline Roberts, the new editor was Angharad Lewis, and the magazine was re-designed by Swedish graphic designer and art director Matilda Saxow.

In June 2010 the company which published Grafik, Adventures in Publishing Ltd., went into administration and was eventually liquidated; as a result, the magazine ceased publication for an eight-month period. Editor-in-chief Caroline Roberts and Editor Angharad Lewis secured the rights to the name and assets of Grafik, and in October 2010 it was announced that the magazine would relaunch at the beginning of 2011.

The magazine was relaunched in February 2011 with a new publisher, Pyramyd, new designer, Michael Bojkowski and a revised editorial format created by a London-based agency called Woodbridge & Rees, formed by the previous editors. In December 2011, Pyramyd decided to cease publication of the magazine.

Grafik reemerged as a website in March 2014 under the editorial direction of former editors Caroline Roberts and Angharad Lewis, with a new editorial team and published in London by Protein.

In 2018 William Rowe (director of Protein) teamed up with Marcroy Smith (director of People of Print LTD) to form a new company called Grafik Media Ltd which is geared at bringing the magazine back into a printed publication and a global brand. The first step was creating Grafik Editions which is in partnership with The PrintSpace in Shoreditch, London to create limited edition archival prints by leading visual artists and graphic designers. They then moved into production of Grafik branded items and also launched Grafik Projects as a means to share the work of exceptional graphic design work across their publishing online platforms and act as a fundraising method towards the resurrection of Grafik Magazine. They hope to launch the new magazine Mid-2022.

About Grafik
The magazine focuses on contemporary graphic design and international visual culture. Regular features include reviews of notable design events and exhibitions, showcases of emerging and established talent, critical viewpoints and special reports, often covering a piece of design history with a particular relevance for today. There are also regular features on logoforms and letterforms, and copious book reviews of both graphic design books and those of a more general interest to the creative community.

References

External links

2003 establishments in the United Kingdom
2011 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Visual arts magazines published in the United Kingdom
Bi-monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Online magazines published in the United Kingdom
Design magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 2003
Magazines disestablished in 2011
Online magazines with defunct print editions

Grafik (magazine)


Cotton Center is an unincorporated community in western Hale County, Texas, United States, located about 12 miles southwest of Hale Center. Until the late 19th century, the Comanche tribe of Native Americans occupied the area. In 1907, with the coming of a branch of the Santa Fe Railroad, a number of farming operations were established. Cotton Center was originally created in 1925 as a consolidated school district, with a small unincorporated community site, containing the school, cotton gins, and various businesses to support the surrounding farms. In 1935, a local post office opened, and the first irrigation well was drilled. By the late 1940s, irrigation wells proliferated, pumping water from the Ogallala Aquifer. The community revolves around farming and is tied together by the school, which as of 2005 had 140 students in prekindergarten through grade 12.

Education
The community of Cotton Center is served by the Cotton Center Independent School District and home to the Cotton Center High School Elks.

See also
Spade Ranch (Texas)
Llano Estacado
Blackwater Draw
Yellow House Draw

References

External links

Cotton Center ISD
Mary L. Cox, History of Hale County, Texas (Plainview, Texas, 1937)

Unincorporated communities in Hale County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas

Cotton Center, Texas


A Shabbos goy is a Gentile who is asked by a Jew to do something on the Sabbath or one of the Jewish holidays that halakha says Jews can't do on the Sabbath (or on the Jewish holidays).

Etymology
Shabbos is a Yiddish way of pronouncing the Hebrew word Shabbat meaning the Sabbath. In the Torah, goy is Hebrew for nation so the Almighty says He will make the Israelites into a "goy gadol" (a great nation). But because of that, the Tanakh also says "Israel ve'ha'goyim" meaning Israel and the nations with the word goyim, which means nations, implying the other nations. Because of that the word Goyim eventually started being used to mean Gentiles with Goy meaning Gentile.  So that Shabbos Goy literally means Sabbath Gentile.

Judaism

Shabbos goy


was a town located in Takashima District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,188 and a density of 340.68 persons per km2. The total area was 32.84 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Shin'asahi, along with the towns of Takashima, Adogawa, Imazu and Makino, and the village of Kutsuki (all from Takashima District), was merged to create the city of Takashima.

"Shin'asahi" means "new sunrise" which derives from its western position on Lake Biwa.

Shin'asahi has a stop on the JR Kosei Line Shin-Asahi Station.

Shin'asahi is famous for it natural clear water that are taken from natural sources close to the town. There is at least one sake brewery in town which takes advantage of the availability of the water.

The area of Lake Biwa is fantastic for its natural surroundings. It has monkeys, bears and giant bamboo. Don't be surprised to see children walking to school wearing bear bells, even though bear attacks are much rarer than in other parts of the world.

Water sports including swimming and windsurfing are activities during the summer. Winter activities include snowboarding in the nearby mountains.

Dissolved municipalities of Shiga Prefecture
Takashima, Shiga

Shin'asahi, Shiga


Sophie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (4 May 1653 - 19 August 1684), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Oldenburg and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz.

Born in Homburg vor der Höhe, she was the third of fifteen children born from the second marriage of Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg with Anna Margaret of Hesse-Homburg. From her fourteen full siblings, only seven survived to adulthood: Frederick, Charles Louis, Eleanor Margaret (by marriage Princess of Liechtenstein), William Christian, Sophie Magdalene (Abbess in Quedlinburg), Anna Fredericka Philippine (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt) and Johanna Magdalene Louise. In addition, she had two further older half-siblings from her father's first marriage with Catharina of Waldeck-Wildungen, of whom only one survived: Dorothea Elisabeth (by her two marriages Countess of Sinzendorf, Rabutin and Marchioness de Fremonville).

Life
In Wiesenburg on 14 June 1676, Sophie Elisabeth married Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz as his third wife. They had no children.

Sophie Elisabeth died in Schleusingen aged 31. She was buried in the Hallenkrypta of the Dom St.Peter und Paul, Zeitz.

References

|-

House of Oldenburg in Schleswig-Holstein
House of Wettin
1653 births
1684 deaths
Duchesses of Saxe-Zeitz


Robert Jacob Farley (born November 15, 1937) is a retired American professional baseball player. He was a first baseman and outfielder who played part of  and all of  in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants, Chicago White Sox and Detroit Tigers.  Farley threw and batted left-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Farley first came to the Majors with the Giants in 1961, appearing with them in a total of 13 games before the mid-May cutdown date and after the post-September 1 roster expansion. He batted only .100 with two singles in 20 at bats, but in between fashioned his best minor league season, hitting .307 with 20 home runs for the Triple-A Tacoma Giants. That November he was included in the multi-player interleague trade with the White Sox that brought veteran left-handed starting pitcher Billy Pierce to San Francisco. Pierce would help lead the 1962 Giants to the National League championship by winning 16 games.

Farley, meanwhile, spent all of 1962 in the American League and continued to struggle at the plate. After batting .189 with the White Sox, he was traded to the Tigers in June for veteran outfielder Charlie Maxwell.  The change of scenery did not help, as Farley hit only .160 for Detroit. He hit two home runs that season, one for the White Sox (ironically, off Detroit pitcher Paul Foytack on May 31) and one for the Tigers (against Bob Giggie of the Kansas City Athletics on July 20).

All told, Bob Farley appeared in 84 MLB games played, batted 123 times and notched 20 hits, including three doubles and one triple, with those two home runs. He played the final three seasons of his professional career in the minors, retiring after the 1965 campaign.

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Chicago White Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
Fresno Giants players
Hawaii Islanders players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Michigan City White Caps players
People from Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
People from Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
San Francisco Giants players
Springfield Giants players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tacoma Giants players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Williamsport Mets players

Bob Farley


Windberg Abbey () is a Premonstratensian monastery in Windberg in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

History

First foundation

Windberg Abbey was founded by Count Albert I of Bogen with the assistance of Bishop Otto of Bamberg on the site of the original seat of the Counts of Bogen. Initially it was not a specifically Premonstratensian foundation, but was transferred to the order as an already established community between 1121 and 1146. The choir of the church was dedicated on 21 and 22 May 1142 by Heinrich Zdik, Bishop of Olmütz, in the presence of Count Albert. Duke Vladislav II of Bohemia secured the endowment of the monastery by granting it the properties of Schüttenhofen (now Sušice) and Albrechtsried.

The foundation was dedicated in honour of the Virgin Mary and in 1146 raised to the status of an abbey. After the extension of the abbey church it was dedicated on 28 November 1167 by the Premonstratensian abbot of Leitomischl (now Litomyšl) and Johannes IV, bishop of Olmütz.

The abbey was secularised and dissolved during the secularisation of Bavaria in 1803. The church became a parish church and the abbot's house the residence of the parish clergy. The monastic buildings passed into private ownership, and from 1835 were used for a brewery.

Second foundation
In 1923 the monastic community was re-established here by Premonstratensians from Berne-Heeswijk Abbey in the Netherlands. As of 2005, 33 Premonstratensian canons live in Windberg.

Roggenburg Priory near Neu-Ulm is a priory of Windberg Abbey.

In around 1955, the then abbot, Fr. Norbert Backmund, visited Beeleigh Abbey near Maldon in Essex, England, and was hosted by its owner Mr William Foyle, founder and owner of Foyles Bookshop. Beeleigh Abbey had been a Premonstratensian abbey founded in 1180 and dissolved by Henry VIII in 1536. This was the first visit to Beeleigh Abbey by a Premonstratensian abbot since the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

The abbey church
The church is a three-aisled basilica with transept. It mostly originates from the 12th century and shows the influence of Hirsau Abbey. The monumental chief portal is especially impressive; the north portal is somewhat simpler. The tower, built in the 13th century, received its present form  as recently as 1750 - 1760.

The Baroque high altar was made between 1735 and 1740, and contains a statue of the Virgin from about 1650. The pulpit dates from 1674. The stucco work in the church interior was created by Mathias Obermayr, who also made the four extremely detailed side-altars, two of which are dated 1756.

Sources and references
 Prämonstratenser-Abtei Windberg,
 Die Kunstdenkmäler von Niederbayern, vol. XX: Bezirksamt Bogen, p. 440. Munich, 1929
 Backmund, Norbert, 1966. Die Chorherrenorden und ihre Stifte in Bayern. Augustinerchorherren, Prämonstratenser, Chorherren v. Hl. Geist, Antoniter. Mit einem Beitrag von Adalbert Mischlewski: Die Niederlassungen des Antoniterordens in Bayern, p. 2. Passau.

External links
  Abtei Windberg: official website
  Klöster in Bayern

Premonstratensian monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in Bavaria
1140s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1142 establishments in Europe
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
1803 disestablishments in Europe
Christian organizations established in 1923
12th-century establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Straubing-Bogen

Windberg Abbey


Morggán of Mar is the first Mormaer or Earl of Mar to appear in history as "more than a characterless name in a witness-list.". He is often known as Morgrund or Morgan. His father was Gille Chlerig.

It is possible that Morggán participated in the so-called Revolt of the Earls, a protest by some of the native Scottish nobility during King Máel Coluim IV's trip to France as a vassal of King Henry II of England.

It is also possible that he became estranged from the French-speaking king William I, because Morggán's name does not appear in royal acts of the latter king's reign.

He married Agnes, a patroness of churches. Agnes was probably related to the de Warenne family - the family who married Ada de Warenne to Henry of Scotland - and who was mother of Kings Malcolm IV and William the Lion. Morggán and Agnes had at least one son, Donnchad, who eventually succeeded to become a Mormaer of Mar. Morggán had another two sons, Máel Coluim and James, but they may have been illegitimate - that is, the product of an uncanonical marriage acceptable in the Celtic system, but not in the Franco-Roman system that was gaining favour in Scotland at the time.

He went on to marry Orabilis FitzNess de Leuchars, divorced wife of Sir Robert de Quincy, Justiciar of Lothian, who, with her first husband, was the mother of Saher de Quincy. Orabilis survived Morggán, and married thirdly Adam of Fife, brother of Duncan II, Earl of Fife.

His daughter Alesta of Mar was married to Alan Fitzwalter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland and was possibly mother to Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland.

He appears in royal charters dated as early as 1147. He is attested in the documents for the last time in 1178, and was dead by 1183.

References

Bibliography
 Richard D. Oram, "The Earls and Earldom of Mar, c1150-1300,"
 Steve Boardman and Alasdair Ross (eds.) The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, c.1200-1500, (Dublin/Portland, 2003).

1180s deaths
People from Aberdeenshire
12th-century Scottish people
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain
Mormaers of Mar
12th-century mormaers

Morggán, Earl of Mar


Cape Disappointment State Park (formerly Fort Canby State Park) is a public recreation area on Cape Disappointment, located southwest of Ilwaco, Washington, on the bottom end of Long Beach Peninsula, the northern headlands where the Columbia River meets the Pacific Ocean. The state park's  encompass a diverse landscape of  old-growth forest, freshwater lakes, freshwater and saltwater marshes, and oceanside tidelands. Park sites include Fort Canby, the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, North Head Lighthouse, and Cape Disappointment Lighthouse. Cape Disappointment is one of several state parks and sites in Washington and Oregon that are included in Lewis and Clark National Historical Park.

History
Cape Disappointment earned its name when Captain John Meares failed to cross the river bar in 1788. The feat was accomplished in 1792 by American Captain Robert Gray. The Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived at Cape Disappointment in 1805.

In 1862, during the American Civil War, a camp called Post at Cape Disappointment was established and fortifications existed here from that date to protect the northern approaches to the mouth of the Columbia River from possible attacks by Confederate raiders or foreign fleets. It was garrisoned by Company A, U.S. 9th Infantry Regiment and Company A, 8th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry in the District of Oregon. In 1863, its mate Fort Stevens was established on the south bank of the Columbia River. In 1864, the post was renamed Fort Cape Disappointment. Some Civil War-era fortifications still exist: the Tower (or Right) Battery, Left Battery, and Center Battery.

Fort Cape Disappointment was expanded and renamed Fort Canby in 1875. By 1906, when construction finished under the Endicott program, Fort Canby became part of the three-fort Harbor Defenses of the Columbia River as a subpost of Fort Stevens along with Fort Columbia. The fort was further expanded during World War II. After being decommissioned in the years following World War II, the fort was turned over to the state for use as a state park in the early 1950s. Workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps helped restore the fort and improved roads and trails during the 1930s.

Facilities

The Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center sits on a cliff that overlooks the confluence of the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean. There are exhibits about the 1803–1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition from St. Louis, Missouri to the Pacific coast, the park's later history, including the lighthouses, U.S. Coast Guard and military activities, and the area's maritime and natural history.

Activities and amenities
Cape Disappointment State Park offers camping and other overnight accommodations,  of hiking trails, stands of old-growth Sitka spruce, watercraft launch sites, picnicking facilities, and tours of the North Head Lighthouse.

Many of the WWII-era military facilities still exist in a ruined state throughout the park and are accessible to the public.

Cape Disappointment State Park's camping facilities include standard campsites, full hookup RV sites, yurts, cabins, and historic vacation homes.   Camp facilities include full-service restrooms with showers and a park store nearby for groceries, wood, and a café.

References

External links

Cape Disappointment State Park Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
Cape Disappointment State Park Map Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission

State parks of Washington (state)
Parks in Pacific County, Washington
Columbia River
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Museums in Pacific County, Washington
History museums in Washington (state)
Historic house museums in Washington (state)
Military and war museums in Washington (state)
Biographical museums in Washington (state)
Maritime history of Washington (state)
Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state)
1862 establishments in Washington Territory
National Register of Historic Places in Pacific County, Washington

Cape Disappointment State Park


"Devil's Galop" is a piece of light music composed by Charles Williams. It became famous as the theme tune to the radio serial Dick Barton – Special Agent. The word "galop" in the title refers to the galop dance (which, in turn, refers to a horse's gallop).

In popular culture
It has since been used in a number of productions, often to give a sense of dramatic urgency to a chase scene. As well as being the theme for the BBC Light Programme's serial Dick Barton and its 1979 Southern Television revival, its other appearances include Dad's Army, Danger Mouse, The Goodies, and the Goon Show (the original theme music for which is called "Goons Gallop" and is reminiscent of "Devil's Galop"). Monty Python's Flying Circus used this theme throughout its run on television, including in the famous "The Spanish Inquisition" sketch.

Excerpts from the piece form part of the opening theme to the video game Monty on the Run.

The music has featured more recently in Mitchell and Webb's "The Surprising Adventures of Sir Digby Chicken Caesar" sketches, and the 30 Rock episode "Tracy Does Conan". It was also used in the CITV children's show ZZZap! and was the theme tune of the character Tricky Dicky.

References

External links
 Sir Digby Chicken Caesar Tune - Full MP3 file
 30 Second MP3 preview

Radio theme songs
Light music compositions
Compositions by Charles Williams
Galops

Devil's Galop


Dario Herrera (born June 27, 1973) is a former Democratic politician from Nevada. Herrera was considered a rising star in the Democratic Party until his defeat for election to the United States House of Representatives in 2002 and his subsequent convictions on federal public corruption charges.

Political career

Herrera grew up in Miami, Florida. He moved to Las Vegas in 1991 to attend the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Herrera began his political career in 1994 as campaign coordinator for Nevada Gov. Bob Miller. At the age of 23 Herrera was elected to the Nevada Assembly in 1996 and then to the Clark County Commission two years later. During this period he was told by then-Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Henry Cisneros that he was a "star" and "going places."

In 2002 Herrera won the Democratic nomination in the newly created Nevada 3rd Congressional District. However during the campaign it was revealed that Herrera received a $50,000 contract from the Las Vegas Housing Authority "to do public relations work that the authority board members never knew about." Herrera lost the election to Republican state Sen. Jon Porter.

"Operation G-Sting" involvement and conviction

Along with former Clark County commissioners Erin Kenny, Mary Kincaid-Chauncey, and several other local elected officials, Herrera became embroiled in a corruption investigation involving a Las Vegas strip club which became known as Operation G-Sting. In May 2006 Herrera was convicted of 17 counts of conspiracy, wire fraud and extortion stemming from charges that he and the other officials "used their public offices to further the interests of Michael Galardi, a strip club owner in Las Vegas. They solicited and accepted money, property, and services directly from Galardi and through co-defendant Lance Malone, another former county commissioner. The evidence demonstrated that members of the conspiracy concealed the payments they received from Galardi and failed to disclose the payments as required by law and their fiduciary duties as county commissioners." In August 2006 Herrera was sentenced to 50 months in federal prison, fined $15,000 and ordered to forfeit $60,000 in assets. Herrera declined to appeal his convictions.

In January 2007 Herrera began serving his sentence at the Florence Federal Correctional Complex in Florence, Colorado. Herrera's sentence was originally scheduled to end in early 2011.

Herrera was released in the spring of 2009 and is back working for the Loft 5 condo project in Las Vegas.

References

1973 births
Living people
Politicians from the Las Vegas Valley
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Nevada
Democratic Party members of the Nevada Assembly
Clark County, Nevada commissioners
Politicians convicted of extortion under color of official right
Politicians convicted of mail and wire fraud
Nevada politicians convicted of crimes

Dario Herrera


Edoardo Menichelli (born 14 October 1939) is an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo from 2004 to 2017. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 14 February 2015.

Biography

Early life
Edoardo Menichelli was born in Serripola in San Severino Marche in province of Macerata and the Diocese of San Severino Marche on 14 October 1939. He studied theology and philosophy at institutional seminars of San Severino Marche and Fano and then at the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome, where he obtained a licentiate in pastoral theology.

Priesthood and career
On 3 July 1965 he was ordered a priest of the Diocese of San Severino Marche. He then became assistant pastor in the parish of St. Joseph in San Severino Marche and taught religion in state schools. On 30 September 30, 1986, with the unification of the Diocese of San Severino Marche with the Archdiocese of Camerino, he was assigned to the new Archdiocese of Camerino-San Severino Marche.

From 1968 to 1991 he served in the Roman Curia in the Apostolic Signatura, then from 1992 to 1994 in the secretariat for the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, where he met the Cardinal Achille Silvestrini and became his secretary.

Episcopate
On 10 June 10, 1994, he was appointed by Pope John Paul II as Archbishop of Chieti-Vasto. He was consecrated bishop on 9 July in Rome by Cardinal Silvestrini, with Archbishops Antony Valentini and Piergiorgio Nesti as co-consecrators. He spent ten years in Chieti. On 8 January 2004, Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Ancona-Osimo, and he took possession of the archdiocese on 7 March.  He has been secretary of the Committee for the family of the Italian Episcopal Conference and has headed committees for the family, ecumenism and the pastoral care of leisure for the Marche bishops' conference.

On 15 October 2014, on reaching his 75th birthday, he submitted his resignation as require by canon law but Pope Francis has extended the appointment for one year.

Cardinalate
On 4 January 2015 Pope Francis announced Menichelli would be made a cardinal at a consistory on 14 February. He was assigned the titular church of Sacri Cuori di Gesù e Maria a Tor Fiorenza.

He was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers.

Pope Francis accepted his resignation as archbishop on 14 July 2017.

On 30 September 2017 Francis named him a member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.

See also

Cardinals created by Pope Francis

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
21st-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Francis
21st-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Pontifical Lateran University alumni
Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
People from the Province of Macerata

Edoardo Menichelli


Talento Bilingüe de Houston (TBH, "Bilingual Theater of Houston") is a bilingual English-Spanish theater in the Second Ward in the East End, Houston, Texas. It is located at the intersection of Jensen Road and Navigation Drive, adjacent to Guadalupe Park, and two city blocks from Downtown Houston.

History
Arnold Mercado, a Puerto Rican who previously lived in New York City, founded the Teatro Español de Houston ("Spanish-language theater of Houston") and used a Community Engagement and Touring Artists (CETA) grant to hire young Texan Hispanic and Latino actors. Mercado said that he changed the theater's name to "Teatro Bilingüe de Houston" (Bilingual Theater of Houston") after, in 1977, a government site visitor had an inquiry about the name of the theater. Mercado said that he changed the name because, at the time, there was a controversy over whether the federal government should fund non-English only programs; the theater's mission was to produce Spanish-language plays. After the name change, Reyes announced that the theater would now produce bilingual plays, but he had not yet decided whether plays would alternate between English and Spanish, or whether the plays would be in Spanglish.

It was originally located in the Casa de Amigos Community Center in Northside. It moved to the Ripley House Community Center in the Second Ward two years after its beginning. In 1984 Richard Reyes, an executive with the theater, changed the name to the current name; he said he did this because many third-generation Hispanic Houstonians did not like the previous name, and in some cases were unable to pronounce it. Reyes coined the acronym "TBH," and he said that students had a favorable reception to the new acronym. The theater moved to its current location 12 years prior to 2008. In 1995 the theater received a $980,000 ($ in today's money) City of Houston Community Development Grant to build a new facility due to the theater's work with inner city youth to prevent them from joining gangs. The theater moved into a  building that includes administrative offices, a 240-seat theater, a gallery space, a rehearsal room, a commercial kitchen, and a professional dance studio.

In 2000, Reyes cancelled summer classes and changed activities to be only half day events rather than full day events after the nonprofit screening and placement agency HoustonWorks suddenly announced that there would be a lack of student workers; HoustonWorks said that changes in federal funding caused the shortage of student workers to occur. As of 2008 the theater had private security guards in light of the homeless and vagrant population that occupied Guadalupe Park. When visiting school groups travel to the park, usually a guard accompanies them.

See also

 Culture of Houston

References
 Reyes, Richard. "Center of Dreams: Talento Bilingüe de Houston." (Archive." (Archive) Houston History Volume 9, Issue 1. pages 44–47. Center for Public History, University of Houston. Profile page.

Notes

External links
 Talento Bilingüe de Houston

Theatres in Houston
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Houston

Talento Bilingüe de Houston


The Queenstown Ice Hockey Club is the major ice hockey club in Queenstown, New Zealand.

Ice Hockey has been played in Queenstown since 1938. Queenstown now has a new rink in the Queenstown Gardens. Teams compete in the Southern Ice Hockey League against the Dunedin Ice Hockey Association, Alexandra Ice Hockey Club, Maniototo Ice Hockey Club, Gore Ice Hockey Club and sometimes the Albury Ice Hockey Club. The teams compete in a round robin type series, which is often won by the Rangers, the local Queenstown team. Players play for two teams, Queenstown white and blue.

Many members of the Queenstown Ice Hockey Club are on the New Zealand national teams the "Ice Blacks" and "Ice Fernz" as well as regional teams including the Southern Stampede".

References

External links
 Queenstown Ice Hockey Club
 Dunedin Ice Hockey Association
 Queenstown Ice Arena

Ice hockey teams in New Zealand

Queenstown Ice Hockey Club


The Five Civilized Tribes Museum in Muskogee, Oklahoma, showcases the art, history, and culture of the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes": the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole tribes. Housed in the historic Union Indian Agency building, the museum  opened in 1966.

The museum holds an extensive collection of Native American art of the Five Civilized Tribes, including a large collection of originals by Jerome Tiger (Muscogee/Seminole, 1941–1967).

History
The museum originated with the Da-Co-Tah Indian Club, which began campaigning in September 1951 to use the Union Indian Agency building to house a local museum. In 1954, the club sponsored legislation, H.R. Bill No. 8983 by U.S. Representative Ed Edmondson, that petitioned the return of the building to the municipal government of Muskogee, Oklahoma.

The legislation was passed and signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower and the museum was incorporated on November 19, 1955. Two years later, Marie L. Wadley (Shawnee/Cherokee) became the first president of the museum. The building opened its doors as the Five Civilized Tribes Museum on April 26, 1966. In 2016, T. Sean Barney succeeded Mary Robinson as executive director.

Union Indian Agency Building

The Union Indian Agency Building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and was constructed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the 1870s to house the Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes. Until this point, each tribe had their own agency, except for the Chickasaws and Choctaws, who shared one at Boggy Depot.

The term, "Five Civilized Tribes", was coined around the same time as the opening of the consolidated agency building. The building was used for the offices and residence of the Indian Agency Superintendent and his family.

The building was owned by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and served as a school and orphanage for the Creek Freedmen. In 1909, the ownership of the building was transferred to the municipal government of Muskogee, Oklahoma. The city passed ownership to the United States government in 1944 to aid the Veterans Hospital facilities, but it was left unused. After World War I it began a new life as "The Chateau" where area residents came to listen and dance to live bands. After World War II, the building fell into disrepair until the city and Da-Co-Tah Indian Club worked to repair and restore the building.

Exhibits

On April 16, 1966, the Da-Co-Tah Indian Club opened the doors to the Five Civilized Tribes Museum. The funds used for the restoration of the Old Agency Building had been raised from individual donors, without any federal, state or municipal aid. Since then, the Museum has been following the goals set forth by the Club.

The museum helps share the art, culture, and history of the Five Tribes with tours. Exhibitions featuring various aspects of their lives, history and culture are displayed downstairs, and are changed quite frequently. Upstairs one can find many artifacts mixed in with art from either the current competition, or from the Museum's permanent collection.

The museum holds an extensive collection of art produced by Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole artists, such as Fred Beaver, Johnny Tiger, Joan Hill, and many others. It has the world's largest collection of Jerome Tiger originals, including "Stickballer", his only major sculpture, which is on permanent display in the gallery.

Da-Co-Tah Indian Club

The goal of the Da-Co-Tah Indian Club was stated in their Bylaws. "The object of this organization shall be to bring members of the various Indian tribes into closer communications for acquaintance, mutual helpfulness, inter-tribal social activities, and to promote awareness of tribal history and accomplishments throughout the greater community area. The club shall be non-sectarian and non-political".

Those founding women, all of Native American ancestry, chose the name "Da-co-tah" for their club, taken from the Dakota language, because it means "Circle of Friends." They met the second and fourth Tuesday of every month. Red and gold were chosen for the club colors, being they were the symbols of friendship, of steadfast ideals and of ambition for the future. In 1930, the Da-Co-Tah Indian Club was federated.

To those pioneer Indians whose courage and fortitude, perseverance and achievement sustained them through travail and disaster and earned for them the name of The Five Civilized Tribes, and who laid the foundation for the State of Oklahoma. - These words by Grant Foreman were printed at the beginning of a letter postmarked April 15, 1966, which was sent out in preparation for the opening of the Five Civilized Tribes Museum.

They participated in many charitable acts, such as donating canned foods, clothes and shoes to the Murrow Orphanage, as well as making sure they were taken to barber shops for their haircuts. They also took the children to attend the Free State Fair once a year and to go see movies, as well as many other activities. The Club raised funds to provide charitable services to poor Indian families, and to make donations to the Salvation Army. They raise money for the Drought Relief Fund and the Unemployment Fund.

Events

Each year competitions are held where tribal members can compete in painting, pottery, gourd art, sculpture, and more.  The student art show is also held each year, where students with descent from one of the Five Tribes, who are in grades seventh through twelfth, are allowed to compete.

Every April, the museum is host to Art Under The Oaks, an art market held on the grounds during the weekend. This gives visitors a chance to buy directly from the vendors, all members of one of the five tribes, as well as see traditional singing and dancing. November hosts the Master's Show featuring works of Five Tribes Master Artists.

Publications
In 1984, the Museum published a cookbook of recipes submitted by Native Americans and others entitled Pow Wow Chow. Decades later, Senator Elizabeth Warren's submission of six recipes, and falsely signing herself "Elizabeth Warren - Cherokee," became a matter of controversy during political campaigns.

References

External links
 Five Civilized Tribes Museum website
 Five Civilized Tribes Museum on TravelOK.com Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma

Museums established in 1955
Native American museums in Oklahoma
History museums in Oklahoma
Museums in Muskogee County, Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Muskogee, Oklahoma
Tourist attractions in Muskogee, Oklahoma
1955 establishments in Oklahoma

Five Civilized Tribes Museum


Maria Rita Saulle was a professor of law and a judge in the Italian Constitutional Court from November 2005 until her death on 7 July 2011.

Career
Saulle was Full Professor of International Law and Human Rights in the Faculty of Political Sciences at the Sapienza University of Rome. She was director of the master's course on International Protection of Human Rights and founded a PhD in International Order and Human Rights. She was appointed judge of the Constitutional Court by the President of Italy on 4 November 2005.

From 1981 to 1983 and from 1989 to 1990 she taught as full professor at the Faculty of Maritime Economy in Napíes, holding chairs in International Law, International Navigation Law and European Communities Law and heading the Institute of Public Law. In accordance with the wishes of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in 1992 she created the first course at the University of Rome on the rights of migrants and refugees. This class is attended by 200 students annually.

From 1983 to 1986 she taught European Community Law regularly at the Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione (School of Public Administration). She lectured at conferences and meetings at Italian and foreign universities (including Milan, Turin, Trieste, Napíes, Salerno, Messina, Catania, Palermo, Rio de Janeiro, Oslo, Bonn, Luxembourg and Strasbourg) and international bodies (including the Council of Europe and the European Parliament).

She served as chair of the Communication Committee of the UNESCO National Commission from 1990 to 2000 and as chair of the Human Rights Committee from 2000. She was a member of: the Interministerial Committee for Human Rights at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Committee for Constitutional Culture at the Ministry of Public Education; the Observatory on Disability until 1994; the National Commission for Gender Equality at the Prime Minister's Office from 1984 to 1992.

She served as expert advisor to the Minister for Community Policies from 1991 to 1993. She was the Italian delegate to working group charged with drafting the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1986–1989). She was a member of the Italian delegation to the UN World Conference on "Equality, Development and Peace", where in 1987 she presented the Italian proposal to draft a world convention on the rights of disabled persons, which took effect on 3 May 2008.
She was a member of the Italian delegation to the 1985 UN World Conference on Women in Nairobi. She was a member of the Italian delegation to the UN Generai Assembly in 1987–91 and 1999. She was head of the Italian delegation to the 1987 Council of Europe Colloquy on Violence within the Family. She was deputy chair of the 1987 UNESCO World Conference on "Women from Education to Work". She was a member of the Italian delegation to the 1993 United Nations Conference on Human Rights. She represented Italy in the fields of communications and human rights at the UNESCO Conferences from 1981 to 2005.
She participated as one of the 25 UN world experts in the 1987 UN Conference in Stockholm. She represented Italy in negotiating the "standard rules" approved by the UN Generai Assembly in 1992.

In 1996 the president of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg appointed her president of the Commission for the restitution of real property to refugees and displaced persons (CRPC) envisaged by Annex VII to the Dayton Agreement. She served on that Commission until 31 December 2003.

She was editor of the series "Scienze del Diritto e dell'Economia" (Legal and Economic Sciences), published by Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.

Books published
 L'errore negli atti giuridici internazionali, Milan, 1963
 Le avarie comuni nel diritto internazionale privato marittimo ed aereo, 1970
 Appunti di storia e di diritto dei trattati, 1972
 Nato and its activities (New York), 1979
 The Disabled Persons and the International Organizations, New York, 1981
 Diritto comunitario e diritto internazionale privato, 1984
 Saggi di diritto e di organizzazione internazionale, 1986
 Saggi di diritto comunitario e di diritto internazionale privato, 1986
 Codice del movimento dei capitali normativa comunitaria e nazionale (parte comunitaria), 1989
 L'Europa ad una svolta: problemi economici e giuridici, 1990
 II riconoscimento dei titoli di studio in Europa, 1992
 Codice internazionale dei diritti del minore, 1992
 Insegnamento e ricerche sui diritti fondamentali in Italia (vol. 1), 1990–1991
 Lezioni di organizzazione internazionale: vol. I Le organizzazioni a carattere universale e regionale; vol. II Le organizzazioni internazionali e i diritti umani, 1998
 L'azione delle Nazioni Unite  e degli enti regionali favore dei disabili, Ministry of Health, 1989
 La Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti del minore e l'ordinamento italiano, 1994
 Minori, Bioetica e norme standard, 1995
 Asilo, migrazione e lavoro, 1995
 Il trattato di Maastricht, 1995
 The Rights of the Child, New York, 1995
 Le nuove norme di diritto internazionale privato, 1995
 Lezioni di diritto internazionale, Naples, 2001
 I cinquant'anni dell'UNESCO: democrazia e informazione, 1996
 Le norme standard sulle pari opportunità dei disabili, 1998
 Dalla tutela giuridica all'esercizio dei diritti, 1999+
 Gli accordi di Dayton a oltre cinque anni dalla conclusione, Rome, 2001
 Lezioni di Organizzazione internazionale, vol. I, 2nd ed., Naples, 2002
 La Convenzione di Ginevra sullo status dei rifugiati, Rome, 2002
 Lezioni di Organizzazione internazionale, vol. II, 2nd ed, Naples, 2003
 Le organizzazioni internazionali e i diritti umani, vol. II, 2nd ed., Naples, 2003
 L'Europa tra Costituzione, Asilo e Migrazione, Naples, 2004
 La Corte costituzionale compie 50 anni, Rome, 2006
 Migrazione e terrorismo: due fenomeni impropriamente abbinati, Naples, 2006
 L'integrazione dei cittadini di Paesi terzi nell'Europa allargata, Naples, 2006
 La Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti delle persone con disabilità', translation edited by Maria Rita Saulle, Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Interministerial Committee on Human Rights, Rome, March 2007
 Relazioni Internazionali e Diritti fondamentali 1981–2005. Cronache e opinioni'', Aracne editrice, Rome, December 2007

Decoration

References

2011 deaths
Year of birth missing
21st-century Italian judges
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Italy
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome

Maria Rita Saulle


Ian Cugley (22 June 19454 November 2010) was an Australian composer.

Biography

Early life
He was born in Melbourne in 1945.  He gained early prominence with two orchestral works, Pan, the Lake and Prelude for Orchestra, which were performed by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in 1967 and subsequently recorded on EMI.  His career after then was less spectacular, and he had a propensity for hiding away and concentrating on composition without seeming overly concerned with performance.  He rarely attended performances of his music unless they happened to be close at hand.

Career
He lectured in Music and Computing at the University of Tasmania for many years, including a period in charge of the small Music department there, and was a percussionist with the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.  During his time in Tasmania he wrote mainly chamber music, usually on commission for bodies or performers outside Tasmania.  A notable exception is the Violin Concerto commissioned by the Tasmanian Conservatorium of Music for Jan Sedivka, who was soloist at the first performance in 1980 (with the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra conducted by Patrick Thomas).

Cugley left Tasmania in the early 1980s to go to the United Kingdom and virtually disappeared into the Dorset countryside, gaining a meagre income by selling his watercolour paintings, and then as a part-time lecturer in computing in Bournemouth and London.

Unable to work for many years because of illness, he broke his silence and returned to composing only in the last years of his life.  Since he was largely forgotten in his own country, and unknown in the UK, performances were few.  He regarded this as an advantage, not only because he resented the work involved in preparing for performance as a distraction from composing itself, but also because he was acutely shy and hated being present when his music was performed.  He claimed to hear only the wrong notes when his music was played.

In 2010 he was working again on a set of symphonies first started in 1973.  His stated ambition was to die before they were complete, to save all the fuss associated with performance.

He died in November 2010, aged 65.

Selected works
 Three Fragments for cello flute and piano (1963)
 Pan the Lake (1965)
 Prelude for orchestra (1965)
 Three pieces for chamber orchestra
 Aquarelles, four pieces for piano
 Chamber Symphony
 String Quartet No. 1
 Nocturne for Two Guitars
 Miscellaneous Pieces in Imitation of The Fall of the Flowers
 Kinderspiel
 Gloria Tibi Trinitas (1976)
 Alma redemptoris mater for recorders, instrumental ensemble, Female choir
 This is the Truth sent from Above: for recorder, oboe, cello and baritone
 Creation: contemporary dance
 Sea Changes: one-act opera
 Fanfare
 Three little pieces for clarinet and piano
 Little Suite for Brass
 Concerto for violin and orchestra
 Chaconne for orchestra

Cugley won the 2006 Accomplished Composer prize in the Notion Realize Music Challenge for Earth Ritual (then entitled just Ritual).  A realisation of the work made with Notion software (a condition of the competition) is to be found on the competition web site.

External links

1945 births
2010 deaths
Australian male composers
Australian composers
Australian people of English descent
British watercolourists
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Australian emigrants to England
Musicians from Melbourne
British composers
20th-century Australian musicians
20th-century British musicians
20th-century British male musicians

Ian Cugley


Cao Zhiyun (), born in Jinhua, Zhejiang in 1961 is a Chinese linguist and dialectologist who is a professor at Beijing Language and Culture University.

Career
He is best known for his work as the primary editor of the groundbreaking 2008 Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects but has made numerous other significant contributions to Chinese dialectology, with a focus on the Southern Wu varieties in and around his native Jinhua. Despite his focus, his works exhibit an all around thorough and in-depth understanding of all Chinese dialect families and contemporary linguistics and is widely regarded in the field as one of China's leading authorities on Chinese dialectology.

See also
 Wu Chinese
 Dialectology

References

Linguists from China
Dialectologists
People from Jinhua
1961 births
Living people

Cao Zhiyun


Michael Peter Read MBE (born 9 June 1941) is an English long-distance swimmer who has the third most crossings of the English Channel – 33 to date. The current Queen of the Channel is Chloë McCardel with 44 crossings.

Competitive swimming
Born in Brighton, Read began swimming relatively late at 14 years old. He joined Brighton Swimming Club in 1955 and became its youngest committee member in 1957. During the period from 1969 to 1971 he became a FINA judge, timekeeper, referee and starter and he remembers his time at the Edinburgh Commonwealth pool with great affection. English Schools champion, British Universities Champion, and second in the ASA National Championships in 1959, Read was selected to represent Great Britain in Swimming in the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome but unfortunately due to injury, was never able to compete.

He joined the Channel Swimming Association (CSA) in 1969, making his first crossing that year and became a committee member in 1973. He was elected Vice Chairman from 1977 to 1993 and Chairman of the CSA from 1993 to 1999. He joined the Board of Directors of the newly constituted CSA in 1999 and was elected Chairman.  After a long struggle with the former King, Des Renford, he finally became King of the Channel in 1979 and took the record number of crossings from 17 to 31, with Des snatching back the 18th. Read retired from Channel swimming in 1984. Most of his training took place at the Ipswich lido: Broomhill, which was closed for many years but reopening is planned for 2020.

Read briefly lost the title in 2000, having held it for 21 years, but regained the title in 2004 with his 33rd crossing. He is the only swimmer ever to have been awarded the title and the Letona Trophy 3 times. He has had a distinguished long-distance swimming career, competing in more than 120 swims over distances now termed "ultra marathon" swims and many more of the new marathon distance.

Later years
Unusually for an administrator he has continued to compete over a period of six decades, and still competes internationally in competitions up to 30 km. In his youth he competed in over 225 BLDSA events, won many BLDSA championships across the UK including the 1970 Windermere International, the Loch Ness Championship, set over 70 records and was the BLDSA Double Windermere Championship for nine consecutive years.

In recent years he has also competed in the World, European and National Masters competitions. He has been the ASA National Masters 3 km champion on more than 10 occasions and runner-up four times.  On one occasion when the event was held in Ullswater, he was second in the ASA 25 km; only two swimmers finished but he was judged out of time. He made a number of inaugural swims in the Scottish Lochs and the first ever two-way crossing of the Wash from Skegness to Hunstanton and back to Skegness. Among other firsts were the first ever three-way swim of Windermere and the first four-way swim. He was the first person to swim Loch Tay, Loch Rannoch, from Perth to Broughty Ferry and the 65 km from Mora to Amposta in the Ebro river. He was the second person to swim around the Isle of Wight.

Honours
Read was inducted into the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame in 1978 and has been made an Honorary citizen of both Nikiti in Greece and Dervio in Italy. In February 2009 he was awarded the International Swimming Hall of Fame Davids/Wheeler Memorial Award which recognises contributors to the administration of open water swimming worldwide.

Read was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to swimming.

Records held
First person to complete a 3 way swim of Windermere (30.75 miles) on 20 July 1972.
First person to complete a 4 way swim of Windermere (41 miles) on 20 July 1972.
First person to swim Loch Tay (14 miles) in August 1973.
First person to swim Loch Lomond (21.6 miles) twice.
Most English Channel Swims in a Year by a man - 6 in 1979. (Alison Streeter holds the out right record with 7 in 1992).
Latest channel crossing on 28 October 1979

References

External links
Channel Swimming Association
Channel Swimming Information - Swimmer Profile: Michael Read
BBC News Article on Channel Swimming
CS&PF

1941 births
Living people
English male swimmers
Male long-distance swimmers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century English people
21st-century English people

Michael Read


Bickleigh is a small village on the southern edge of Dartmoor in Devon, England. It has a population of about 50 people. It is in the South Hams district, and is about  north of Plymouth city centre.  The village is part of the electoral ward called Bickleigh and Shaugh. At the 2011 census the ward population was 4,723.  42 Commando is currently based at Bickleigh Barracks.

The village church has a tower of the 15th century but the rest of the building is the work of Charles Fowler, 1838, and one of the church's two baptismal fonts is 15th century. There is a fine monument to Sir Manasseh Masseh Lopes of Maristow House.

References

Villages in South Hams
Civil parishes in South Hams

Bickleigh, South Hams


Mark Fitzpatrick (born November 13, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He moved to Kitimat, British Columbia, where he started minor hockey, when he was ten years old. He won the Memorial Cup twice as a member of the Medicine Hat Tigers before going on to a professional career with the Los Angeles Kings, New York Islanders, Florida Panthers, Tampa Bay Lightning and Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League.

Fitzpatrick was drafted 27th overall in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft by the Los Angeles Kings but only spent a season with the Kings organization before he was traded along with Wayne McBean to the New York Islanders on February 22, 1989 for Kelly Hrudey.

During his time with the Islanders, he contracted Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, a potentially fatal neurological disease, which cost him nearly all of the 1990-91 season. He recovered and returned to the ice in February 1992. His efforts in returning to the league after the illness earned him the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy in 1992. On June 20, 1993, with the expansion draft for the Florida Panthers and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim approaching, the Islanders traded him to the Quebec Nordiques for Ron Hextall and a swap of first-round picks. Four days later, the Panthers claimed him in the expansion draft.

Fitzpatrick spent five seasons with the Panthers serving as backup goaltender to fellow expansion draft pick John Vanbiesbrouck. On January 16, 1998, Fitzpatrick was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning with Jody Hull for Dino Ciccarelli and Jeff Norton where he only managed 7 wins in 34 games for the struggling Lightning who finished the season with the worst record.  Fitzpatrick was traded once more months later to the Chicago Blackhawks for Michal Sykora and spent the season in a backup capacity to Jocelyn Thibault.

He moved to Carolina Hurricanes for the 1999–2000 NHL season but spent the majority of the year in the International Hockey League for the Cincinnati Cyclones and just played three games for the Hurricanes.  Fitzpatrick spent one more season in the IHL for the Detroit Vipers before retiring in 2001.

Personal life
Fitzpatrick was previously married, from which he has a daughter.  The marriage ended after Fitzpatrick was charged with assault and aggravated domestic battery on July 13, 1994 in Islamorada, Florida following an argument with his wife while she was seven months pregnant.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards
 WHL East Second All-Star Team – 1986 & 1988

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy winners
Calgary Canucks players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Ice hockey people from Toronto
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
Medicine Hat Tigers players
New York Islanders players
People from Kitimat
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders

Mark Fitzpatrick


Marcus Annius Florianus (died 276), also known as Florian, was Roman emperor from the death of his half-brother, Emperor Tacitus, in July 276 until his own murder in September of that year.

Florianus was the maternal half-brother of Tacitus, who was proclaimed emperor in late 275 after the unexpected death of Emperor Aurelian. After Tacitus died the following year, allegedly assassinated as a consequence of a military plot, Florianus proclaimed himself emperor, with the recognition of the Roman Senate and much of the empire. However, the new emperor soon had to deal with the revolt of Probus, who rose up shortly after Florianus ascended the throne, with the backing of the provinces of Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia. Probus took advantage of the terrain of the Cilician Gates, and the hot climate of the area, to which Florianus' army was unaccustomed, to chip away at their morale. Florianus' army rose up against him and killed him.

History

In late 275, Florianus' maternal half-brother, Tacitus, was proclaimed Roman Emperor after the unexpected death of Emperor Aurelian. Soon after, Tacitus appointed Florianus as praetorian prefect. Tacitus then ordered Florianus to lead troops to Pannonia, in order to repel raids into Roman territory by the Goths. After Tacitus died suddenly in July 276, allegedly as a consequence of a military plot, Florianus swiftly proclaimed himself emperor, and was recognized as such by the Roman Senate and the western provinces. Florianus then continued to campaign against the Goths, winning a major victory before the news reached him of the revolt of Probus, who had served successfully as a commander under both Aurelian and Tacitus. Probus' revolt was supported by the provinces of Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicia.

Probus took advantage of his control of Egyptian grain, which he used to swiftly cut off the supply of grain to the rest of the empire. He led his troops to Asia Minor, in order to defend the Cilician Gates, allowing him to utilize guerrilla tactics to wage a war of attrition rather than a straightforward confrontation. Florianus led his troops to Cilicia, and billeted his forces in Tarsus. However, many of his troops, who were unaccustomed to the hot climate of the area, fell ill due to a summer heat wave. Upon learning of this, Probus launched raids around the city, in order to weaken the morale of Florianus' forces. This strategy was successful, and Florianus lost control of his army, which rose up against him and killed him. Florianus' reign lasted less than three months, 88 days according to the Chronograph of 354 and 80 days according to Eutropius.

See also
 List of Roman emperors

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

232 births
276 deaths
3rd-century Roman emperors
3rd-century murdered monarchs
Crisis of the Third Century
Florianus, Marcus
Murdered Roman emperors
Praetorian prefects
Year of birth unknown

Florianus