Camocas is an expensive heavy patterned oriental silk. The Textile Glossary describes camocas as a "largely historic fabric that was popular in the 14th and 15th centuries". It was a very beautiful fabric which was often striped with gold or silver. It had a satin base and was diapered like fine linen... [a] silk cloth striped with gold and silver made in a castle in Palestine beginning in 12th century."

Fashion and Royalty
According to Fashion in the age of the black prince: a study of the years 1340-1365, "Charles d'Artois is stated in detail  as consisting of one cote of white camocas, and 1 surcot, mantel and chaperon of vermillion camocas, which he had as one of the said company for the feste de l'estoille." It continues to say that "camocas, sometimes specified in the same account as camocas de domasque (Damascucs), was an extremely expensive imported silk, the use of which for a livery of this kind of somewhat surprising".

Some of the embroidered garments of the king (such as royal doublets or aketons) were stuffed with camocas in murray, blue, cendre and pink.

Princess Isabella and her ladies were given hoods in camocas of gold and blue.

References

Textiles

Camocas


Suseok (수석) is the Korean term for small naturally occurring or shaped rocks which are traditionally valued.  They are similar to Chinese scholar's rocks.

Suseok can be any color. There are a wide variety of sizes. Suseok can weigh hundreds of pounds or less than one pound. The term also means stones which are placed in traditional Korean gardens.

History
Chinese scholar's rocks influenced the development of suseok in Korea.

Evaluation
The evaluation of suseok recognizes color, shape, markings and surface.

Related pages
 Suiseki
 Bonsai
 Penjing
 Standing stone

References

Other websites
  Suseok at KoreanViewingStones.com via Internet Archive
 Bucheon Museum of Suseok at Bucheon.go.kr

Korean culture

Suseok


R-dropping also called non-rhoticity or post vocalic r-lessness happens to English-speakers when the "r" sound is not pronounced after a vowel. Then the words "car" and "card"  both sound like "cah" and "cahd". That happens for most speakers in England and some speakers in the United States, especially in the Boston and New York City areas and pockets of the American South especially the Greater New Orleans area, Virginia's Tidewater region and among speakers of ethnolects such as African American Vernacular English and Cajun English. British and Northeastern r-droppers usually pronounce "r" when the next word begins with a vowel as in "car is". For them, "spa" and "spar" sound alike, Southern, African American and South African r-droppers don't add additional Rs.

The pronunciation of the R is kept in the Scottish, Irish and most of the U.S. and Canada versions of spoken English. The R-droppers include most of England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

The issue of how the R is used is called rhoticity by linguists.

Other websites
wiktionary for rhotic
wiktionary for non-rhotic

Pronunciation

R-dropping


Paa Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur (born William Edmund Davidson Amissah-Arthur) (29 April 1951 – 29 June 2018) was a Ghanaian economist, academic and politician who was the fifth Vice-President of Ghana's 4th Republic, in office from 6 August 2012 until 7 January 2017, under President John Dramani Mahama. Previously he was Governor of the Bank of Ghana from 2009 to 2012.

He was nominated by President John Dramani Mahama to be the vice-president a week after Mahama himself was sworn in. This followed the sudden death of John Atta Mills on 24 July 2012. He was sworn in as vice-president on 6 August 2012, following vetting by the Parliament of Ghana.

Early life and education
Amissah-Arthur was born at Cape Coast on 29 April 1951, the capital of the Central Region of Ghana, at the time organized as British Gold Coast Colony. His mother, Effie Amissah-Arthur is from the Hutchful family while his father, Jabesh Richmond P. Amissah-Arthur, an educator was from the Amissah-Arthur family and served as the second and longest serving headmaster of the Oda Secondary School at Akyem-Oda in the Eastern Region from September 1961 to December, 1977. Both families originated from Cape Coast and are of Fante ethnic origin. Kwesi Amissah-Arthur had five other siblings - one brother and four sisters.

He attended the Aboom Methodist 'B' Primary School in Cape Coast and passed the Common Entrance examination from the Akim Oda Methodist School in 1964. He completed his secondary education at the Mfantsipim School, where he obtained the GCE Ordinary Level in 1969 and the GCE Advanced Level in 1971. At Mfantsipim, he was a resident of Lockhart-Schweitzer House. He proceeded to the University of Ghana at Legon, where he obtained the B.Sc. in 1974 and M.Sc. in 1976, both in Economics.

Economics and consultancy
Amissah-Arthur was a research assistant at the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research between 1974 and 1975. He later joined the Economics Department as a teaching assistant from 1977 to 1978, going on to become an assistant lecturer in 1979. He lectured at the Department of Economics at the University of Ghana between 1980 and 1988. He was also a lecturer at the Department of Economics, Anambra State College of Education, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria (August 1981 – July 1983).

He went into politics until 1997 when he resigned from the public sector and went into finance and economic consultancy.  He worked as a consultant for the World Bank in The Gambia. He also served as a consultant for the Netherlands' government education project in Ghana. He then worked as Senior Economist for the Sigma One Corporation in Ghana between 1998 and 2000. Between 2001 and 2002, he was on assignment for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.

Politics

Finance and Economic Planning Portfolio
From 1983 to 1986, Amissah-Arthur served as a special assistant to the Secretary of Finance and Economic Planning, Kwesi Botchwey, in the Provisional National Defense Council government. Subsequently, he was Deputy Secretary for Finance in the PNDC government from February 1986 to March 1993. From April 1993, he continued as the Deputy Minister for Finance in the Rawlings government after the establishment of constitutional rule until March 1997. He also served on the board of the erstwhile state-owned Bank for Housing and Construction (BHC).

Governor of the Bank of Ghana
Amissah-Arthur was appointed as Governor of the Bank of Ghana in October 2009 by President John Atta Mills. He held this position until 6 August 2012, when he became vice-president of Ghana following the death of Atta Mills. He was responsible in ensuring the general development of the national economy, promote by monetary measure the stabilisation of the value of the currency within and outside Ghana and also to  formulate and implement monetary policy aimed at achieving the objective of the Bank and Ghana in a whole, among others.

Vice President of Ghana
After the Death of the President John Atta Mills, his successor the then Vice President John Dramani Mahama who had been sworn in as president, named him as his vice president to fill in the gap he had evacuated. He was sworn in as vice president on 6 August 2012 in Parliament by the then Chief Justice Georgina Wood, after going through a vetting process by the Parliament of Ghana. He was maintained by the John Dramani Mahama in his bid to win the 2012 elections as his running mate. John Dramani Mahama won the 2012 Elections by a 50.7% majority of the votes. automatically making him the Vice President-Elect of Ghana. They were sworn in as president and Vice President on 7 January 2013.

Personal life
Amissah-Arthur was married to Matilda Amissah-Arthur with two children, Kwesi, an ophthalmologist-academic and Araba, a lawyer. He was a Christian and was known to worship at the Calvary Methodist Church at Adabraka in Accra. He enjoyed football and playing of Tennis. Due to his love for sports especially football, he was a supporter and a major shareholder in the football club, the Accra Hearts of Oak S.C.

Death and state funeral
Amissah-Arthur died on 29 June 2018 at the 37 Military Hospital after reportedly collapsing at the Air Force Gym during his routine morning workout session. A state funeral, attended by several dignitaries, was held for him on 27 July 2018 at the Accra International Conference Centre after which his body, accompanied by a military cortège, was conveyed to the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp for interment amid the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 19-gun salute.

Legacy and memorial
The Ghanaian government renamed the Moree Senior High School as Amissah-Arthur Senior High School, Moree in his memory. A learning centre, consisting of a library and an ICT complex, located at Ohawu in the Volta Region was named in his honour. On the occasion of the first anniversary of his death, his family sponsored the establishment of a doctoral fellowship and a research chair at the Department of Economics at the University of Ghana.

See also
List of Mahama government ministers
National Democratic Congress

References

1951 births
2018 deaths
Fante people
Ghanaian economists
Ghanaian Methodists
Ghanaian Protestants
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
Mfantsipim School alumni
University of Ghana alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ghana
Vice-presidents of Ghana
Governors of Bank of Ghana
People from Cape Coast

Kwesi Amissah-Arthur


Erica Kane and Dimitri Marick are fictional characters and a supercouple from the ABC daytime drama All My Children. Erica is portrayed by Susan Lucci, and Dimitri was portrayed by Michael Nader. Sometimes referred to as a "stormy duo" these two carried out a tumultuous relationship spanning the nineties. While they had their share of antagonists speckled throughout their romance, the main roadblock always keeping them apart were their own equally stubborn and  fierce personalities.

The couple is regarded as one of the greatest in soap opera history by Entertainment Weekly. Though Erica has been married many times and has had several men over the years, her relationship with Dimitri is considered one of her most memorable and one of All My Children's most successful.

Background

Writing and portrayals
Erica and Dimitri were not originally scripted into a romantic pairing with each other. Erica Kane was created in the 1960s as one of the original characters in Agnes Nixon's story bible for All My Children. Since the shows inception on January 5, 1970, Erica has had several love interests. It was not until twenty-one years after the soap opera began airing that she met Dimitri. The Dimitri Marick character was created in 1991 as a love interest for Natalie Marlowe. Even while he was engaged in a love triangle with Natalie and Trevor Dillon, there was speculation about a possible romance between Erica and Dimitri. These rumors were neither confirmed nor denied by Nixon. She did, however, confirm that Dimitri's story would eventually include Erica. At first the involvement was limited to each character's story being effected by the same catalysts and Erica commenting on Dimitri's relationship with Natalie.

Nixon later told Soap Opera Digest that she always planned on pairing Dimitri with Erica, but held off to see if they worked well together. "Long before their relationship started, viewers were saying that Erica and Dimitri belong together," she said. "They have great chemistry and are very alike, kindred spirits." Nixon wrote the beginning of the couple's story as a love-hate relationship where they both disliked each other. The dislike became an attraction that resulted in a "tug-of-war" type of story. "We can't even define it as a romance," Nader said. "It has to be defined as a positioning of players. Dimitri is very well aware that he has to dance a little dance with her." Nixon made the relationship different from Erica's other ones. In previous romances, she acted as the aggressor. In this one, Nixon positioned Dimitri as the one who pursued Erica and made the first sexual overtures. She also used the Erica and Dimitri relationship as a way of developing a new, more sexual side of Dimitri. Nader said, "There was a part of Dimitri that he never explored before because he married so young. A part of him shut down. But now, there is a whole other aspect of his sexual nature that has been awakened and Erica is about that. [He feels] a lot more fire with her."

Erica and Dimitri's relationship was scripted as passionate with a cycle of break ups and reconciliations. The tumultuous nature of their relationship drew comparisons between them and the real life supercouple Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. Erica and Dimitri were also written as soulmates and the loves of each other's lives. Within the series, the writers played upon the theme of these characters being soulmates and in effect one being.

Location shoot
For a plot point in Dimitri and Erica's relationship, All My Children went on location in Budapest, Hungary.  The show advertised the story in a campaign called "Destiny on the Danube". This campaign involved full page ads in magazines. Plans for the shoot began in January 1992 and the desired location was Russia. Former executive producer Felicia Minei Behr said, she "sent a crew in to Russia to see what kind of problems there would be. When it became apparent that it was not going to be able to be done because of a lot of recent problems getting shoots done in Russia, we started to look around for different locales. We had this grand story that Megan (McTavish, head writer) and Agnes (Nixon, executive head writer) had written, and we wanted to do it justice." Nixon suggested Budapest as the new location after hearing good things about the city from George Lang, the owner of Café des Artistes, who just opened a restaurant there.

The remote taped from September 17 to 21, 1992. The members of the cast who traveled to Budapest for the shoot included Lucci, Nader, John Callahan (Edmund), and Susan Willis (Helga). Behr put together an international crew for the shoot involving members from Germany, Canada, Tunisia, France, and Hungary. During the five days of filming, the show taped over an hour's worth of material. "The people in the motion picture industry over there could not believe the amount of work we got done in the amount of time," Behr said. One of the locations used on the shoot was Nagyteteny, a chateau located forty-five minutes outside Budapest. Nagyteteny provided the location for the Marick's ancestral home, Vadzel.

Storyline
Erica Kane and Dimitri Marick fall in love while he is attempting a hostile takeover of her cosmetics company, Enchantment. They appear in a face-to-face meeting on TV's Market Street Week to debate. Afterwards, they meet privately and argue, at which point their animosity turns to passion and he pulls her into a kiss that she responds to. Their relationship cannot go further than that because he is married to Angelique Voynitzeva and she is in a loveless marriage to Adam Chandler. Dimitri pursues her despite these roadblocks. Erica turns down his advances, refusing to be anyone's mistress. Eventually he wears down her resistance and they begin an affair. He promises to divorce Angelique, but has a hard time doing so because she is not in the best of health. Once free of their spouses, Erica and Dimitri travel to Budapest in his native country, Hungary. While in Budapest, Erica is kidnapped twice. Once by Dimitri's estranged half brother, Edmund Grey, who wants to be acknowledged as a Marick. Then she is kidnapped by Helga, Angelique's mother, who wants to keep her daughter and Dimitri together. She locks Erica in Hugo Marick's crypt. Working together with Edmund, Dimitri rescues Erica and Helga falls to her death. Erica goes into a catatonic state requiring she be placed in Oak Haven, a mental institution in Pine Valley. Once Erica recovers, she and Dimitri plan to marry.

Soon before saying their "I do's" Erica finds out she has a daughter she conceived from rape at the age of fourteen, Kendall Hart. Erica tells Dimitri what happened all those years ago. This is the first time she told anyone besides Eric Kane and she is grateful he does not say she deserved it like her father did when she told him. They bring Kendall into their home as a part of their family. Despite this, Kendall hates her mother for putting her up for adoption and also becomes infatuated with Dimitri. She attempts to sabotage their wedding by burning Dimitri and Angelique's divorce papers. Dimitri's divorce still goes through and his wedding to Erica goes off without a hitch. The young woman wants to find her biological father which Erica is dead set against. Dimitri tries to help Kendall in her search, putting a strain on his marriage. Things heighten even further when Kendall makes sexual advances toward her stepfather and is turned down. Devastated and humiliated, she goes to her mother and lies that Dimitri raped her. Suffering from hallucinations of her own rape, Erica stabs her husband with a letter opener. Dimitri divorces Erica and wants her in prison for what she did but also admits he still loves her.

While they are apart, Erica starts up with Jackson Montgomery even though he is married to Laurel Banning at the time. As Erica models a wedding dress in New York City, Jack proposes to her on the runway. She accepts but soon reunites with Dimitri. In a surprise wedding set up by Edmund and Erica's younger daughter, Bianca Montgomery, Erica and Dimitri ring in 1995 as a married couple.

On another modeling shoot, Erica has an accident and suffers injuries to her back. With the help of Dr. Jonathan Kinder, she becomes addicted to the medication she takes for her injury. Dimitri tries to warn her about Jonathan, but she will not listen, thus putting a strain on their marriage again. While under the influence of the increasingly higher doses of drugs Jonathan gives her, Erica has sex with him. Her dependence on her supplier grows until she finally has to admit she has an addiction and checks herself into the Betty Ford Center. Once she is out, Erica and Dimitri start finding their way back to each other. This does not sit well with Jonathan. The doctor drugs Erica and tricks Dimitri into thinking they are still sleeping together. After seeing his wife in bed with another man, Dimitri files for divorce and finds comfort with an equally as devastated Maria Santos Grey. Erica has no idea what Jonathan did or why Dimitri is angry with her. Dimitri shuts her out and refuses to explain why he divorced her. Erica does not find out what happened until she and her new friends Janet Green and Skye Chandler (each of whom was wronged by Kinder) corner Jonathan and he confesses. He gets the upper hand on the women and is about to assault Erica when Dimitri comes to her rescue. Jonathan is sent to prison.

With Jonathan out of their lives, Erica and Dimitri reunite. He keeps quiet about his affair with Maria but soon finds out she is pregnant. They run a paternity test and the results say the baby is his. Unbeknownst to them, Skye Chandler, who is in love with Maria's husband Edmund, switched the test results. Erica also discovers she is pregnant with Dimitri's baby and the two plan to remarry. On the day that should be their third wedding, Erica collapses. She is rushed to the hospital where she finds out she had a miscarriage. The couple are determined to start a family together so they look into adoption. Before they get much further with their plans, Erica finds out about Dimitri's one-night stand with Maria and the child they supposedly conceived. She confronts Maria in a remote cabin where her rival goes into labor. Erica has to decide whether or not to help Maria. She does. After delivering the baby, Erica tries to take her to the hospital but her car goes off a bridge. Erica lives, however, the baby is presumed dead. Dimitri makes it clear that he still wants a future with Erica and that his affair with Maria was just a mistake. Erica makes it equally as clear that they are over, devastating Dimitri.

After Maria's baby is declared dead, Erica finds the little girl and tries to return her to Maria. When she gets to Wildwind, she overhears Maria and Dimitri discussing the baby and deciding the baby's death was for the best. Hearing this, Erica decides to pass the baby off as a child she adopts from Russia. Erica names the baby Sonya Kane. Dimitri sees this as another chance to have a family with Erica and wants to be a father to Sonya. Erica refuses to let him be a part of either of their lives. This makes Dimitri so angry he begins checking into Sonya's adoption. Tad Martin and Gloria Marsh are also looking into it. Losing Erica leads Dimitri to do very cruel things such as conning mentally challenged Stuart Chandler out of his television station, WRCW, in an attempt to get back at Erica for leaving him. She has a television show, the Cutting Edge, on that station. He also "kidnaps" and romantically pursues a very taken Gloria Marsh. While in a rage he accidentally hits Erica and baby Sonya with his car. Sonya is taken to the hospital where Maria gives her a check up and feels a connection with her. Eventually, Erica returns Sonya to Maria and is sent to prison for kidnapping. Maria is presumed dead not long afterward, leading to a custody battle between Dimitri and Edmund over the baby, now named Maddie Grey. Dimitri is awarded custody after a few dirty tricks such as drugging Edmund so he will look like an unfit parent. Even after Dimitri finds out he is not Maddie's father, he keeps the secret from his brother. To insure the secret does not get out, Dimitri threatens Skye and beats the lab technician who helped her switch the results. From behind bars, Erica finds out Dimitri is not Maddie's father and helps Edmund reunite with his daughter.

In return, Edmund helps her get released from prison so she can help her own daughter, Bianca, with her anorexia. Dimitri is also there for his former stepdaughter. At Bianca's intervention he admits he still loves Erica. Slowly, Erica and Dimitri work their way into becoming friends. He escorts her to the Crystal Ball in 1998 and they look to be on their way to a reconciliation. By the time Erica realizes she still loves him, he is presumed dead. During his funeral she talks about her and Dimitri as soul mates and acts as though she is his widow. Alexandra Devane Marick reveals that she married Dimitri during his trip to Europe. Erica does not believe Alex is the type of woman Dimitri would ever be with and doubts they were ever married.

He is later revealed to be alive and Erica faints upon seeing him. Once she regains consciousness, she cannot believe he is going to reunite with Alex even after Alex moved on with his own brother, Edmund. Erica's feelings for Dimitri continuously cause a rift in her relationship with her fiancée, David Hayward. She is furious when she finds out David knew Dimitri was alive and did not tell her. Eventually she breaks off their engagement. When Bianca "comes out" as a lesbian, Dimitri is there to stand by Erica and help her adjust to the revelation. Bianca is outed to the public by a reporter at the 2000 Crystal Ball, a ball held in memory of Maria. Afterwards Dimitri takes Erica back to the hunting lodge where they discuss Bianca's sexuality and reminisce on old times. Erica tells him that every man she has been with since him (Mike Roy, Jack, and David) pales in comparison to him. Despite this declaration Dimitri insists his life is with Alex now. Dimitri soon returns to Hungary with Alex.

Recurring themes and motifs

Fairytale
Dimitri and Erica's romance has often been attributed to featuring fairy tale aspects. Erica on her own always acted like a "little princess" (as Nick Davis dubbed her).  Though Dimitri is a Hungarian Count, he is sometimes referred to as a prince by Erica and the writers. This point was driven home by their location shoot in Budapest where they fell in love, with the city's Old World beauty as their backdrop. For their weddings All My Children made sure they did it up "in pure fairy-tale style in an elaborate wedding that took its cue from Dimitri's Hungarian ancestors." According to Carol Luiken (All My Children former costume designer), the show "wanted to do kind of a European princess design" for Erica's dress. The effect was so successful that "Erica looked more like a queen than a princess." The same idea was in mind for Erica's second wedding gown, dubbed "the Guenevere dress." Crowns were used for their second wedding ceremony which was done in a Russian Orthodox style.
During their time together Erica and Dimitri have lived in two castles at one point or another. The first being Wildwind, his Pine Valley estate complete with a turret, which is used as a romantic symbol for another fairytale couple, Dimitri's cousin Princess Gillian Andrassy and her husband, Ryan Lavery. The second being Vadzel, the castle in Budapest, Hungary where they traveled early on in their relationship and shared their famous waltz in full Count Andrassy garb.

Hunting Lodge/Port in the storm
Wildwind's Hunting Lodge appeared frequently in Dimitri and Erica's story and is sometimes used as a symbol for their love. Its first appearance was in 1992 when Erica stumbled upon it during a storm and was stranded there with Dimitri. From that point until Dimitri left Pine Valley in 2001 it appeared repeatedly. In this place Dimitri forced Erica to admit her feelings for him and they made love for the first time. He also gave her the lodge as a wedding present. Many times during their reign as a couple, the two of them came to the lodge for intimate moments or defining events in their relationship. Even when they moved on with other people Dimitri took Erica there when she was in a moment of distress and in need of comfort. It is sometimes referred to as their "port in the storm" because the lodge literally provided them shelter during a thunderstorm during the beginning of their storyline. In the wedding vows for their first marriage, Dimitri promised to be Erica's port in every thunderstorm. That also holds significant meaning since Erica has very negative reactions to thunderstorms after being raped during one when she was fourteen. During their wedding vows for their first union, this theme was referenced heavily:

Reception and impact
Dimitri and Erica might not have been together in years, but time has not diminished their notoriety. To this day, the soap opera community and the entertainment industry at large note their romance. Soap Opera Digest listed their 1992 love story as one of All My Children's hottest summer plots, saying "the duo's passion for each other became too hot to ignore." Entertainment Weekly recognized the pair as one of soap opera's greatest supercouples along with sixteen others from various soap operas, including couples from both daytime and nighttime serials. The article cites the strength of Dimitri and Erica's love and how it helped them overcome even the highest of obstacles. When asked to name their favorite All My Children couple, the majority of viewers gave Dimitri and Erica that honor. In 2009, Soap Opera Digest listed the scenes where Erica shaved Dimitri's beard in 1992 as one of the forty  most memorable romantic moments in soap operas.

Dimitri and Erica's romance is mentioned in various books. Other Worlds: Society Seen Through Soap Opera, Dorothy Anger's book on the study of soap opera's effects on society, sites Erica and Dimitri's notability among viewers and non-viewers, saying, "I know I can enter any house in my community, even that of perfect strangers, and mention Nikki and Victor, Erica and Dimitri, Lucky and Liz-someone, if not everyone, will know who I'm talking about."Real Things: An Anthology of Popular Culture in American Poetry by Jim Elledge is a collection of poetry about many different subjects in popular culture. One poem focus's on All My Children and features Dimitri and Erica during their affair while he was still married to Angelique. In a murder mystery novel, Murder Under Blue Skies by Willard Scott and Bill Crider, the couple and the frequent bumpiness of their relationship are mentioned. In So Faux, So Good, the fourth novel in the A Den of Antiquity Mystery series by Tamar Myers, Erica's pregnancy with Dimitri's baby is referenced, and in the first, Larceny and Old Lace, the detective and the investigator/narrator are both fans of AMC.

Mattel created two dolls based on Erica Kane as part of the company's Daytime Drama Collection. They released the first in 1998. After that doll met with success, they released the second in 1999 called the Champagne Lace Wedding Erica Kane Doll. this one was based on the character as she was during the character's 1993 wedding to Dimitri Marick. "Erica Kane truly has an amazing history with an equally amazing wardrobe!" Lucci said. "I am delighted to see another memorable moment of her life captured in this beautiful doll." In designing the doll, Mattel look the likeness of the actress and copied the details of the character's costume including the dress, the bouquet, and the Swarovski crystal wedding ring.

See also
List of supercouples

References

All My Children characters
Soap opera supercouples

Erica Kane and Dimitri Marick


Donald Dowd (1923–2010) was a long-time campaign aide to the Kennedy family, including Senator Ted Kennedy. He was a member of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, and worked there for almost 25 years. Richard Neal described Donald as a legendary figure, and recalled him as a great friend and mentor. Dowd was the retired vice president of public affairs for Coca-Cola in Boston.

In 1968, Donald Dowd worked on the Presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy, and was on the campaign trail with Kennedy when Kennedy was shot dead at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles on June 6, 1968. Dowd previously worked in President Kennedy's administration, in the Post Office Department.

Death
Dowd died on January 24, 2010, at the age of 87.

References

1923 births
2010 deaths
American businesspeople

Donald Dowd


The Coquitlam Cheetahs are a non-profit Canadian track and field club based in Coquitlam, British Columbia. Their home track is Percy Perry Stadium, named after former Cheetahs' coach Percy Perry.

The Cheetahs were founded in 1962, and the team is a member organization of the Canadian Track and Field Association and B.C. Athletics Association.

Percy Perry took over as head coach of Cheetahs in 1989 when it was on the verge of folding. Perry was an advisor for the construction of Town Centre Stadium (now called Percy Perry Stadium), which the Cheetahs moved to after the 1991 BC Summer Games. Since then, the club stabilized its operations, and has produced five Canadian Olympians, including Perry's daughter, Tara Self.

Following Percy Perry's death in 2005, Tara Self assumed the role of head coach.

Sponsored events
 Jesse Bent Memorial Invitational (held in June every year.) The Jesse Bent Memorial Invitational was last held in June 2022.

External links
Coquitlam Cheetahs website

Sport in Coquitlam
Track and field clubs in Canada
1962 establishments in British Columbia
Sports clubs and teams established in 1962

Coquitlam Cheetahs


The Australian Music Foundation [AMF] is a charitable foundation, first established in the United Kingdom, with the chief purpose of providing financial support to outstanding young Australian musicians who wish to pursue post-graduate music courses in leading music education institutions around the globe. It also offers performance opportunities in Australia and abroad, advice and mentoring to awardees.

At inception, the AMF's activities were centred on the UK, reflecting a historical tradition of strong institutional links between Australian music academies and British institutions such as the Royal College of Music, Royal Academy of Music, the Royal Northern College of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. In recent years the AMF has more actively expanded its field of activity to include North America, Europe, and South East Asia.

History
The AMF was initially established by Deed of Trust declared on 30 December 1975 in the United Kingdom (under the name of 'Australian Musical Foundation in London'), the original Trustees being Baron Goodman, Sir Davis Hughes, Mr Robert Norman, Group Cpt Douglas Bader, Mr Sam Lynn, and Mr Guy Parsons OBE. The first awards were made in 1980.

In 2006 an Australian Trust to support the work of the AMF was created under the name of "The AMF Australia Foundation". Professor Peter Tregear OAM was founding chair; Dene Olding took over in 2021.

Structure

The Australian Music Foundation (UK)
Patron-in-Chief: The Prince of Wales KG
Patron: His Excellency the Honourable George Brandis QC, Australian High Commissioner to the UK
President: Lord Broers Kt FRS FREng
Joint Life Presidents: Richard Bonynge AC CBE, Yvonne Kenny AM
Life Presidents In Memoriam: Dame Joan Sutherland AC DBE, Sir Charles Mackerras CH AC CBE, Dr Peter Andry, OBE OAM, Professor Peter Sculthorpe AO OBE, Sir John Tooley, Lord Carrington KG GCMG CH MC, Guy Parsons OBE
Chair (Board of Trustees): Yvonne Kenny AM

The AMF Australia Foundation (AUS)
Patron: His Excellency General the Honourable David Hurley AC DSC (Retd)
Chair (Board of Trustees): Dene Olding
Secretary: Mr Andrew Boxall

Awardees
2015/16: Emily Edmonds (mezzo soprano), Lauren Fagan (soprano), Alexandra Flood (soprano), Andrey Lebedev (guitar), Stephanie Jones (guitar), Sonya Pigot (piano – AMF Nora Goodridge Young Artist Award) and Emily Sun (violin – AMF Nora Goodridge Emerging Artist Award).
2019/20: Magdalenna Krstevska (clarinet – AMF Nora Goodridge Developing Artist Award), Yvette Keong (soprano – AMF Nora Goodridge Young Artist Award), James Blackford (euphonium – AMF Guy Parsons Award), Victoria Wong (violin), David Soo (piano), Waynne Kwon (cello), Jeremy Kleeman (bass baritone), Courtenay Cleary (violin), Guillaume Wang (cello), Robbin Reza (piano), Mitzi Gardner (violin).

Alumni
Past awardees have become some of Australia's leading musicians in their field; they include: Elizabeth Campbell (mezzo-soprano), Rosamund Illing (soprano), Ian Munro (piano), Craig Ogden (guitar), Deborah Riedel (mezzo-soprano), Jeffrey Black (baritone), Mark Bonetti (cello), Peter Coleman-Wright (baritone), Andrew Wheeler (conductor), Alexander Briger (conductor), Yelian He (cello), Slava Grigoryan (guitar), Clemens Leske (piano), Benjamin Bayl (organ), Duncan Gifford (piano), David Hansen (counter-tenor), Laurence Meikle (baritone), Amir Farid (piano), Amy Dickson (saxophone), Lauren Fagan (soprano), Emily Sun (violin).

References

External links

Music charities based in the United Kingdom
Music organisations based in Australia
Arts organizations established in 1975
1975 establishments in the United Kingdom
Foundations based in Australia

Australian Music Foundation


The Brothers Cazimero were a Hawaiian musical duo made up of Robert Cazimero on bass and Roland Cazimero on twelve string guitar.  Robert also played piano as a solo musician. The Cazimeros got their start during the Hawaiian Renaissance with ukulele and slack-key guitarist Peter Moon's band, The Sunday Manoa, on their first recording, Guava Jam. Since that time, The Brothers Cazimero have released at least 36 recordings and three DVDs.  For three decades, the group performed at the annual Lei Day Concert. They made their Carnegie Hall debut in 1989.

The Hawai'i Academy of Recording Arts (HARA) has honored the Cazimeros with 25 Nā Hōkū Hanohano Awards. Robert and Roland have also received individual Hōkū Awards as solo artists. The Cazimeros' album Some Call It Aloha...Don't Tell was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hawaiian Music Album in 2005. In 2006, they were inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame.

In 1991, Roland joined Henry Kapono Kaʻaihue, Israel "Iz" Kamakawiwo'ole and Cyril Pahinui in recording "Broken Promise", a Hawaiian mele ku'e (song of protest) written by Kaaihue. The project won two Hōkū Awards -- "Song of the Year" and "Single of the Year"—in 1992.

Robert Cazimero is also a kumu hula (teacher of hula) for the hālau hula (a contemporary translation is "hula school") Hālau Nā Kamalei o Lililehua. Members of the hālau have often performed with Robert and Roland as dancers and as a choral group. The Brothers are featured (with 3 songs) on the audio track for the Over Hawaii documentary which was broadcast on public television stations in 2012.

Leina'ala Kalama Heine, a kuma hula, performed as a solo dancer with the Brothers Cazimero, a distinct honor in hula. She was sometimes called "the third brother" due to her professional relationship with the Cazimeros.

Roland Cazimero died at the age of 66 on July 16, 2017.

Select discography
The Brothers Cazimero, Music of Polynesia MOP 38000
The Brothers Cazimero  vol. II, Music of Polynesia MOP 41000
The Brothers Cazimero in Concert, Music of Polynesia MOP 47000, 1977
Ho'āla, Mountain Apple Company MAC 1005 Recorded 1978
Hawaiian Hula Eyes, 1982

References

External links
Mountain Apple Company website, Mountainapplecompany.com; accessed October 25, 2014.

Musical groups from Hawaii
2017 disestablishments in Hawaii
Na Hoku Hanohano Award winners
Mountain Apple Company artists
Sibling musical duos
Hula dancers

The Brothers Cazimero


Offlaga Disco Pax was an Italian Indietronica band.

Background and discography
The band was formed in Reggio Emilia in 2003 by Daniele Carretti (guitar, bass guitar), Max Collini (lyrics, vocals) and Enrico Fontanelli (bass guitar, keyboards). They have defined themselves as a collettivo neosensibilista contrario alla democrazia nei sentimenti, roughly "neosensitivist collective against democracy in feelings".

ODP's songs are not sung, but rather recounted by Collini, resembling a spoken word performance. Lyrics, defined by the band as ideologia a bassa intensità (low intensity ideology) are often related to the Italian years of lead, with recurrent references to the Italian Communist Party and Eurocommunist prominent figures at the time. Their lyrics typically deliver a nostalgic portrait in first person of a past political scenario, the one of Cold War and communism in Italy, which does not exist as such anymore.

Musically, their records have elements of electroclash, typically by means of retro analogue synthesizers. They have been paired to bands formed in the late 1970s and the 1980s such as Kraftwerk, Joy Division or Cocteau Twins. Their most significant resemblance in attitude is to now defunct Italian band CCCP Fedeli alla linea.

Their debut album Socialismo tascabile (Prove tecniche di trasmissione) was released in 2005. Its follow-up, Bachelite, was released on February 8, 2008, and Gioco di Società in 2012.

Enrico Fontanelli died April 4, 2014. Following his death, the other two members of the band embarked on different projects, citing that Offlaga Disco Pax was a shared project between three people and without Fontanelli they did not see any future for it.

Note

External links
 Myspace

Italian musical groups
Musical groups from Emilia-Romagna

Offlaga Disco Pax


Programmed learning (or 'programmed instruction') is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators.

The material to be learned is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results.

It is rather interesting that Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912:
"If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".

Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. "The first.. [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach".

Later developments
In World War II, with largely conscript armies, there was great emphasis on training. What was learnt influenced education and training after the war. One of the main methods was the use of movies as a group training method. Research on the effectiveness of training films was done extensively. In one account, Lumsdaine comments that research on films went on "from about 1918 to the present" (meaning 1962).

A few conclusions stood out from the research. One was that films were great at giving overviews of a situation or an operation. However, they were less successful at getting over the details. Some general features of film (and, later, television) stand out. One is that a film goes at its own pace. Another is that no specific responses or activities are required from the viewer. A third is that the audience is varied, sometimes hugely varied. This gives clues to ways of improving instructional films.

In a 1946 experiment at Yale University, questions for students were put between segments of a film on the heart and circulation, with correct answers given after students had responded (knowledge of results). This added significantly to the amount learnt from the film. Lumsdaine commented that even showing the basic film twice was not so effective as showing the version with questions and answers.612

The connections between this experiment and those of Pressey were obvious. Active responses by learners and helpful feedback on the activities were now seen as critical elements in any successful system of learning. Pressey's work had been half forgotten, but it was now recognised as significant.

Programmed learning arrives

What is programmed learning?
If so much research had already been done on learning from films, what exactly did programmed learning add? The short answer is "stimulus control", by which is broadly meant the teaching material itself. Also, in programmed learning, a complete system was proposed which included these stages:
The aims of the course are stated in terms which are objective, and can be measured.
A pre-test is given, or the initial behaviour is stated.
A post-test is provided.
The materials have been tried out and revised according to results (developmental testing).
The materials are constructed according to a predetermined scheme (stimulus control).
The material is arranged in appropriate steps.
The learner has to respond actively (not necessarily overtly).
Arrangements are made for responses to be confirmed (knowledge of results).
The teaching medium is appropriate for the subject-matter and the students.
The materials are self-paced or presented in a manner which suits the learner.

A helpful discussion of the different programming techniques was given by Klaus.

The two main systems
Although there were three or four other systems proposed, we discuss here the two best-known methods.

One was by Norman Crowder, a psychologist with the U.S. Air Force. He had been asked to investigate the training of aircraft maintenance men. Crowder's system was to set multiple choice questions in the text, and provide feedback for each of the alternatives. Examples of this method show that the alternatives offered in questions were chosen to cover mistakes which students were likely to make.

Much better known was the other style of programmed learning, as proposed by the behaviourist B.F. Skinner. Skinner made some very effective criticisms of traditional teaching methods. His scheme of programmed instruction was to present the material as part of a "schedule of reinforcement" in typical behaviourist manner. The programmed text of Skinner's theory of behaviorism is the most complete example of his ideas in action. Skinner was a wonderful publicist for his own ideas, as can be seen from this passage:

"There is a simple job to be done. The task can be stated in concrete terms. The necessary techniques are known. The equipment can easily be provided. Nothing stands in the way except cultural inertia... We are on the threshold of an exciting and revolutionary period in which the scientific study of man will be put to work in man's best interests. Education must play its part. It must accept the fact that sweeping revision of educational practice is possible and inevitable...".

Both methods were originally presented in machines, and both were later presented in book form. Both systems were to an extent student centered. They were ways of teaching individual learners who worked at their own pace. Both systems (in different ways) used knowledge of results to promote learning.p619 In both systems the content was pre-tested to identify problems and iron them out. Both systems emphasised clear learning objectives. Progress in learning was measured by pre- and post-tests of equivalent difficulty. Many practical tests showed the effectiveness of these methods.

Many of these ideas were picked up and used in other educational fields, such as open learning (see the Open University) and computer-assisted learning.

References

Learning
Education

Programmed learning


Mohammed Ali Ndume (born 20 November 1959) is a Nigerian politician who is the chief whip of the 10th Senate. He is the senator representing Borno South senatorial district since 2011. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria from 2003 to 2011. He is currently a member of the All Progressives Congress.

Early life and education

Mohammed Ali Ndume was born in Gwoza Town of Borno State.
He attended Gadamayo Primary School in Gwoza and completed in 1972. He proceeded to Comprehensive Secondary School Mubi in then Gongola, now Adamawa State from 1973 to 1978 where he obtained his Secondary School Certificate and WASC. He was cut out early in life for Leadership position as he was appointed Junior House Captain and promoted to House Captain in his final year Secondary School.  His exceptional superlative brilliance saw him emerging in constant First position in class at Comprehensive Secondary School Mubi. On completion of Secondary School  he  went on to Kaduna Polytechnic to study Marketing in 1978.  He completed his Ordinary National Diploma (OND) in 1980 and Higher National Diploma (HND) in Marketing in 1982 with Upper Credit level. He proceeded to Federal Polytechnic Ilaro in Ogun State between 1982 – 1983 for his compulsory National Youth Service Corps (NYSC).  He joined the famous Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri as a lecturer in 1983  rising to the rank of a Senior Lecturer.  In 1988, he was awarded the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Post-Graduate Scholarship to study Business and Computer Education at the University of Toledo, Ohio, United States of America and graduated with a B.Ed and M.Ed in 1990 and was awarded Magna Cum Laude academic honour.  He was also admitted into the Phi Kappa Phi academic society for outstanding performance. On graduation, he returned to Nigeria and continued with his teaching career with the Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno State until 2003, when he fully involved in politics.

Political career

In 2003, Ndume was elected to represent the people of Chibok/Damboa/Gwoza Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives on the platform of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP): a position he occupied from 2003 to 2011. Upon the inauguration of the 6th Assembly in 2007, he was unanimously elected as the Minority Leader  and served creditably.

In December 2010, barely 100 days to the 2011 general elections, Ndume decamped to the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), citing the injustices going on in the party as his reason for leaving the ANPP.
He said the people from the grassroots of Southern Borno were solidly behind him.
He said that he was not being given a level playing ground in the competition with other ANPP aspirants for candidature in the Senate election. Apparently he had fallen out with Governor Ali Modu Sheriff.
Ndume's defection to the PDP was seen as a major blow to the ANPP. He was said to have been the major financer and the back-bone of ANPP in the Borno-South senatorial zone, and was considered one of the most dynamic of the lawmakers from the northeast zone.

Following Ndume's defection, the PDP re-opened the sale of nomination forms.  Alhaji Sanda Garba, who had been the only aspirant for the South Borno Senate seat, stepped down to make way for Ndume as the PDP candidate.
In the election, Ndume won 146,403 votes, ahead of Dr. Asaba Vilita Bashir of the ANPP with 133,734 votes and Alhaji Unaru Ibrahim of the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) with 20,414 votes.
Ndume served as the Chairman of the Senate Committee on MDGs in the 7th Senate and remained vibrant and active in the political landscape. Ndume was removed from his position due to his closeness to the Presidency and support for Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Chairman nominee, Ibrahim Magu. The leadership of the 8th Senate led by Bukola Saraki was in conflict with the executive arm throughout the 8th assembly.

Achievements
Ndume has moved several Motions and sponsored several Bills in the Parliament, the Constituencies Development Fund Bill and Electoral Act Amendment Bill that enabled Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) voted in 2015 elections.

Political alignments and re-alignments saw him forming CPC with 20 of his colleagues which eventually coalesced into APC, the present ruling party. He was re-elected in the 2015 Senatorial elections and became the Leader of the Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in the 8th Assembly until 2017 when he was replaced with Ahmad Ibrahim Lawan. Ndume was the director of campaign to Rotimi Amaechi in 2022.

Bills And Motions
Nigerian Peace Corps ( Establishment)Bills
North East Development Commission Bill
Unemployed youths,elderly and indigent sustainability allowance Trust found Bill
Communication Service Tax Bill
Environmental Health office (Registration etc) Act 2002 (Amendment) Bill
Federal Audit Service Commission Bill
Capital Expenditure Budget Roll Over Bill
NIGERIAN Oil and Gas industry contest development Act 2010 (Amendment) Bill2016
2015 Appropriation Act (Amendment) Bill
Anti-torture Bill
Telecommunications and post offences Act CAP T5 LFN 2004 (Amendment)
National Crop Varieties and livestock breeds (Registration etc)Act CAP N27, LFN 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Produce (Enforcement of Export Standard)Act CAP P32 LFN 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Corruption Practices and other Related offences Act CAP 31 LFN 200
Federal Capital Territory hospital management board (Establishment) Bill
Federal Capital Territory civil service Bill
Prevention of crime Act (Amendment) Bill
Water Resources Act (Amendment) Bill
National Agriculture land development authority Act (Amendment) Bill
Chartered institute of stock brokers Act CAP LFN,2004 (Amendment) Bill
Treaty to Establishment Africa Economic Community Relating to pan African parliament (Accessions & joint solution) CAP T25 LFN 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Utilities Charges Commission Act CAP U17 LFN,2004 (Amendment) Bill
Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Agency (Establishment) Act CAP P43 LFN, 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Endangered Species (Control of international Trade and traffic) Act CAP LFN, 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Quantity Surveyors ( Registration) (Amendment) Act CAP Q1 LFN 2004 Bill
Builders (Registration etc) Act (Amendment) CAP B12 LFN2004 Bill
Town planners (Registration) Act Amendment Act CAP T17 LFN 2004 Bill
Small and medium scale enterprises development agency Act ( Amendment) Act CAP C19 LFN 2004 Bill
University of Abuja Act (Amendment) Act CAP U2 LFN (Amendment) Bill
Chartered institute of loan and risk management of Nigeria (Establishment) Bill
Federal Capital Territory transport authority (Establishment) Bill
National child protection and enforcement agency (establishment etc) Bill
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act CAP E1 LFN2004 (Amendment) Bill
Dishonoured Cheque (offences) Act CAP D11 LFN 2004 (Amendment) Bill
World meteorological Organisation (protection) Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Currency Conversion (Freezing order) Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
National judicial institute Act 2014 (Amendment) Bill
Advertising practitioner (Registration) 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Need (Import control & management) Act 2004 ( Amendment) Bill
Agriculture and Rural management training Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Chartered institute of human capital development of Nigeria (Establishment etc) Bill
petroleum training institute Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Advance fee fraud Act 2006 (Amendment) Bill
Value Added Tax Act 2004 ( Amendment) Bill
Veterinary surgeon Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
National Archives Act 2004 ( Establishment) Bill
Right and obligation under tenancy agreement (Regulation) for the recovery premises in the federal capital territory Bill
Code of Conduct Bureau and tribunal Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Animal Health and Husbandry technologies (registration) Bill
Federal capital territory water board (Establishment) Bill
Nigerian in diaspora Commission (establishment etc) Bill
Mortgage institutions Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Oaths Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Police procurement found (Establishment etc) Bill
Franchise Bill
Dangerous Drugs Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Nigerian council for social workers (Establishment etc) Bill
Corporate manslaughter Bill
Chartered institute of projects managers (Establishment) Bill
Nigerian investment promotion Commission (Amendment) Bill
Witness protection Commission Bill
Senior citizens centre Bill
Official secret Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
National institute for legislative studies (NILSS) (Amendment) Bill
Constituency Development Found Bill
Pension right of judges Act (Amendment) Bill2017
Federal capital territory District courts (Establishment etc) Bill
River Basin Development Authority Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
Compulsory Treatment and Care of Victims of Gunshot Bill
National film and video censor board Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill
National intelligence Agency Pension Board (Establishment) Bill
Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Bill
Federal College of Education Gwoza (Establishment etc) Bill
Federal Polytechnic Matana, Borno, State (Establishment etc) Bill

Constituency projects
Ndume has constituency projects spread across all nine local government areas in his senatorial district (Borno South). As a senator, he is always struggling for the development of his people and the nation since he assumed office. He alone has facilitated more than 60 intervention projects across his senatorial district. These projects includes, construction of classrooms, model primary Health care centers, electrification of rural areas and construction of motorized boreholes were delivered to the residents of selected communities based on their need. He has also created job opportunities for the youth in his constituency. Ndume has drilled twenty boreholes and donated some numbers of tractors in each of the 9 local government area of Borno South. On 27 April 2023, Ndume facilitated one hundred houses in Gwoza local government area. Borno State governor, Babagana Zulum commended Ndume for his Excellent presentation

Awards And Recognition
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Award
Dreams African Leadership Excellence Award
Diplomatic Award for Iconic Achievement Of Sustainable Development Goals Ambassador Award
Parliamentary Media Award for Leadership

Senate Leadership
Ndume was the Senate Majority leader from 2015 to 2017. He was impeached by APC Senators on 10 January 2017. On 11 June 2019, Ndume lost his bid to become President of the 9th Senate. He contested against Senator Ahmed Lawan who emerged winner. He was elected Chief Whip of the 10th Senate on 4 July 2023.

Personal life
Ndume is married to Justice Aisha and Hajia Maryam and blessed with 10 children.

References

People from Borno State
Living people
Nigerian Muslims
Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)
Kaduna Polytechnic alumni
University of Toledo alumni
1959 births

Mohammed Ali Ndume


The 1909 Grand Isle hurricane was a large and deadly Category 3 hurricane that caused severe damage and killed more than 400 people throughout Cuba and the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Forming out of a tropical disturbance just south of Hispaniola on September 13, 1909, the initial depression slowly intensified as it moved west-northwest towards Jamaica. Two days later, the system attained tropical storm intensity and turned northwestward towards Cuba. On September 16, it attained the equivalent of a modern-day Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale and further strengthened to attain winds of  before making landfall in Pinar del Río Province, Cuba on September 18. After a briefly weakening over land, the system regained strength over the Gulf of Mexico, with peak winds reaching  the following day. After only slightly weakening, the hurricane increased in forward motion and made landfall near Grand Isle, Louisiana on September 21. The system quickly lost strength after moving over land, dissipating the following day over Missouri.

In the Caribbean, little impact was known to have been caused by the storm outside of Cuba where rough seas killed 29 people. In the United States, the hurricane wrought catastrophic damage across Louisiana and Mississippi. Throughout these states, 371 people are known to have been killed, making it the sixth deadliest hurricane in United States history at the time; however, it has since been surpassed by five other cyclones. Along the Louisiana coastline, a powerful storm surge penetrated  inland, destroying the homes of 5,000 people. Thousands of other homes throughout the affected region lost their roofs and telegraph communication was crippled. In terms of monetary losses, the storm wrought $11 million (1909 USD; $265 million 2010 USD) in damage throughout its path.

Meteorological history

The origins of the Grand Isle hurricane were in a tropical disturbance over the western Atlantic Ocean in early September 1909. Enhanced by a strong area of high pressure over the Azores and British Isles, the system was able to gradually intensify as it neared the Lesser Antilles. On September 10, barometric pressures across several of the islands in the eastern Caribbean fell, indicating that a disturbance was moving through the region. According to the Atlantic hurricane database, maintained by the National Hurricane Center, the system developed into a tropical depression south of Hispaniola in the Caribbean on September 13. However, meteorologist José Fernández Partagás stated that there was no evidence of a closed circulation, a key component of tropical cyclones, until September 14. Tracking west-northwestward, the depression brushed the coast of Haiti before attaining tropical storm intensity off the northwestern coast of Jamaica on September 15.

After reaching this strength, the storm slowed and gradually took a more northwesterly course, heading towards Pinar del Río Province in western Cuba. On September 16, the system attained winds of , what would now be considered a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Moving at a slow pace of , the system gradually intensified. Late on September 18, the center of the storm was estimated to have made landfall in Pinar del Río Province with winds of ; an atmospheric pressure of 976 mbar (hPa; ) was recorded during its passage. The storm's eye passed over the town of Manta for four hours, between 3:00 pm and 7:00 pm on September 17.

Slight weakening took place after moving over western Cuba; however, once over the Gulf of Mexico, the storm steadily regained its strength. By September 19, the system re-attained the equivalent intensity of a Category 2 hurricane and the forward motion increased. Early that morning, the storm further intensified to attain its peak winds of , equivalent to a mid-range Category 3 cyclone. By the afternoon of September 19, reports from the Louisiana and Mississippi coastline indicated that the outer bands of the hurricane were producing scattered rainfall.

Early on September 21, it was estimated that the center of the hurricane made landfall near Grand Isle, Louisiana with winds of . A pressure of 952 mbar (hPa; ) was recorded around this time, the lowest in relation to the storm. Operational analysis of the storm indicated that it attained the equivalent intensity of a Category 4 hurricane as it made landfall. The storm's lowest pressure was also operationally listed as 931 mbar (hPa; ). This pressure was based on operational estimates in relation to the system's storm surge and was not directly measured. However, later research of the storm determined that its winds had not exceeded . At this time, the hurricane's radius of maximum wind was roughly  and the overall size of the storm was estimated to be  wide. Once overland, the system quickly weakened, losing hurricane status within 12 hours and later to a tropical depression over southern Missouri. The remnants of the system were last noted on September 22 as it merged with a trough over the Midwestern United States.

Impact
In western Cuba, the hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rains to several areas. A maximum of  of rain fell in a 24‑hour span, while the strongest recorded winds reached . Numerous buildings in western Cuba sustained extensive damage and a large portion of the orange crop was lost. Ships were pushed onshore by the hurricane's large swells. Throughout Pinar del Río Province, damage was estimated at $1 million (1909 USD). Amidst rough seas produced by the hurricane, the steamship Nicholas Castina sank off the coast of Cuba, near the Isle of Pines. At least 29 people drowned in the wreck. Of the fatalities, 27 were crew members and two were passengers.

United States
Prior to the hurricane's arrival in the United States, the National Weather Bureau issued several hurricane warnings. As the storm passed over western Cuba, warnings were declared for much of the Gulf Coast of Florida and all ships in the Gulf or planning to set sail were advised return and remain at port. Warnings were then issued for the northern Gulf Coast, allowing residents time to evacuate before the storm struck.

In the United States, the storm wrought extensive damage along the Gulf Coast. At least 371 people were killed by the storm; however, this is considered a conservative estimate and the true death toll may never be known. Of the known fatalities, 353 took place in Louisiana and 18 in Mississippi. This makes the 1909 Grand Isle hurricane the eleventh deadliest hurricane in United States history. However, at the time of its occurrence, it was the sixth deadliest storm in the country. Damage throughout Louisiana and Mississippi was estimated to be at least $10 million (1909 USD).

Louisiana
In New Orleans, the storm caused substantial damage, with many homes destroyed and ships wrecked. Communication with the city was completely lost after most of the telegraph wires were downed. Around 3:00 pm on September 21, advisories from the New Orleans Weather Bureau ceased, leading to concerns over the state of the city. Prior to the communication loss, the Weather Bureau reported that waves along the Mississippi River banks were surpassing  and water rise in New Orleans itself could reach unprecedented levels. Several lakes overflowed their banks as water from the Mississippi River back-flowed into them, flooding nearby lowlands. The resulting floods, which inundated areas with upwards of  of water, were similar in scale to the flooding caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, nearly 100 years later. However, due to the lack of residential buildings in the area at the time, the flooding caused far less destruction than that of Katrina. A report falsely claimed that the city's French Quarter was  "swept away". A total of 306 coal barges sank off the coast of New Orleans and Lobdell (West Baton Rouge Parish), incurring over $1 million in losses. Nearly every sugar cane plantation between New Orleans and Baton Rouge sustained damage, resulting in at least $1 million in losses.

Strong winds from the hurricane lifted homes off their foundations and in some cases, the homes were blown away from where they originally stood. Many towns in Louisiana were isolated immediately after the storm as telegraph communication was lost. Along a  stretch of coastline near where the storm made landfall, a  storm surge destroyed the homes of 5,000 people and traveled  inland. At least 300 of the fatalities took place in southeastern Louisiana, the hardest hit region. Many people who were boating on the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico were caught in the storm's  winds and officials presumed that all who were caught in this perished. Near the Texas border, it was estimated that two-thirds of the unharvested rice crop was ruined by the hurricane. In Baton Rouge alone, damage from the hurricane was estimated at $2.9 million (1909 USD). Throughout Louisiana, a total of 353 people were killed by the hurricane according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A maximum of  of rain fell in the state during the passage of the hurricane.

Elsewhere

At least 18 fatalities also took place in Mississippi where many towns and cities were flooded. The cities of Natchez and Greenville were mostly destroyed by the hurricane. In Natchez, winds up to  blew roofs off homes and shut down the local power station, leaving the city in darkness. Telegraph wires were also downed, cutting communication with the surrounding area. The Biloxi Bay Bridge was swamped by large waves and it was thought that it would be destroyed by the storm at one point. Although the bridge held through the storm, one person died after being washed away while crossing it. Initial estimates stated that damage in Biloxi was between $40,000 and $50,000 (1909 USD). Along a  stretch of beach in Mississippi, all of the homes and  of the electric car line were destroyed by the hurricane's storm surge. Further north in Jackson, communication in the city was lost and the dome of the newly constructed capital building was destroyed by high winds. Two people were killed in the city after being crushed by falling walls. A maximum of  of rain fell in Mississippi during the passage of the hurricane.

In areas in and around Pensacola, Florida,  winds caused some damage. At the local pier, a ship, named Romanoff, toppled over onto a wharf due to large waves produced by the hurricane. Two barges carrying lumber sank near the western beach of Pensacola and several others lost their cargo. Many small ships were destroyed by large swells and according to The New York Times, some of these were "...swamped and pounded into pieces". Further inland, the remnants of the hurricane brought light to moderate rainfall to portions of the central United States. A maximum of  of rain fell in Arkansas;  in Missouri;  in Tennessee; and  in Kentucky. A  section of the Louisville and Nashville railroad and an  section of the Illinois central railroad were washed out by floods caused by the storm's remnants.

Aftermath

Although the storm killed more than 370 people in the United States, the National Weather Bureau was credited for "invaluable warnings" prior to the hurricane's arrival, saving many lives. Following the hurricane's landfall on September 21, rescue and relief efforts began taking place on September 22 near Houma, Louisiana. By September 25, thousands of dollars worth of supplies had been sent to survivors of the storm. However, more than four days after the passage of the storm, many other areas devastated by the hurricane had yet to receive aid from either the government or United States Army. Congressman Robert F. Broussard sent a telegraph to the war department requesting aid; however, he had not received a response by September 27. Initially, news reports focused on the large loss of life from the storm but, once the lack of aid was noticed, their attention shifted to the hundreds of survivors who were left homeless and in dire need of basic necessities. Within days of the storm's passage, there were fears that the storm ruined the cotton crop in southern Louisiana and would cause a spike in prices. However, in a report released on October 4, 1909, it was stated that the losses were much less than previously thought and as a result, there would be no change in the cotton price. According to a report in 2009, the rice and cotton crops sustained 35% and 20% losses respectively in the wake of the hurricane.

In 2002, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration added the storm surge from the hurricane to the Global Tsunami Database based on newspaper reports referring to the event as a tidal wave. However, four years later, a more detailed study of possible tsunamis in the past resulted in this event being "flagged" as suspect. After further review of the news articles indicating that the wave came after the hurricane, it was determined that there was a misinterpretation of the publishing date since the article was archived by telegraph on September 22, 1909, the day after the hurricane made landfall. In light of this research, the possibility of the wave being a tsunami was denied; however, it remains in the database as a "debunked" event.

See also

Hurricane Ida (2021)
1909 Atlantic hurricane season

References
General

Specific

External links

Monthly Weather Review for 1909

Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
Grand Isle
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Hurricanes in Alabama
Hurricanes in Mississippi
Grand Isle Hurricane, 1909
Hurricanes in Cuba
1909 natural disasters in the United States

1909 Grand Isle hurricane


The Eureka Theater is an Art Moderne–style cinema built in 1939 in Eureka, California. The movie theater was initially proposed in 1937 as part of a larger development that would include a five-story, 162-room hotel, which was soon scaled back to the theater with flanking commercial spaces. Built by theater magnate George M. Mann, the theater was designed by noted San Francisco designer William B. David, who had once worked in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Art Department in the mid-1930s. The Eureka Theater was considered an ultra-modern movie theater when constructed in 1939 and was an expression of optimism and confidence in Eureka and Humboldt County, California as they pulled out of the Depression. The Eureka Theater ceased showing regularly scheduled movies on August 1, 1996. The theater is currently undergoing restoration, and is available for rent as a performance or event venue.

Description
The Eureka Theater features a symmetrical stucco facade built of cubic forms rising to a  tall vertical pylon sign bearing the letters EUREKA over the theater's marquee. At ground level the lobby entrance is centered between storefronts. The lobby is overhung by a projecting canopy with a rolled edge. A V-shaped attraction board rests on the marquee and appears to support the pylon.  The complex pylon mounts in receding block forms as it rises.  Although it appears to be a monolith, it is actually supported by a frame structure with a stucco appliqué. The second floor features subsidiary blocks with smaller windows and accent lines, housing the owner's apartment.

The outer lobby is a shallow semicircle with a mosaic tile floor extending to the sidewalk. The walls have a maroon subway tile wainscot, with chrome tile accent stripes. A large light fixture with chrome accents is centered over the octagonal ticket booth. The booth has tile that matches the outer lobby wainscot. A blue glass pane above the ticket window is designed to be illuminated when the box office is open for business. The lobby is flanked by storefront spaces, whose transom windows are accented by a horizontal grillage. The other elevations are comparatively plain, with large concrete surfaces.

The inner foyer is narrow, less than  wide, with a number of Art Moderne details. The entrance doors retain their original custom hardware of brass and Bakelite. The ceiling is extensively detailed. The foyer leads to the grand lobby, which is approximately oval, accented by a stepped curving ceiling detail and a central light fixture with multicolored glass. Columns flanking the entrance feature glazed panels that match the light fixture, and which can themselves be illuminated.

The Eureka Theater was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 2010.

References

External links

 Eureka Theater
 Listing on CinemaTreasures.org

See also
Arcata Theatre

Streamline Moderne architecture in California
Buildings and structures in Eureka, California
Cinemas and movie theaters in California
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Humboldt County, California

Eureka Theater


Evil Dead is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by Fede Álvarez (in his feature directorial debut), who co-wrote the screenplay with Rodo Sayagues. Dubbed a "re-imagining" of The Evil Dead (1981), the film is the fourth installment in the Evil Dead film series. It stars Jane Levy, Shiloh Fernandez, Lou Taylor Pucci, Jessica Lucas, and Elizabeth Blackmore. The story follows a group of five people under attack by deadites in a remote cabin in the woods.

Talks for a fourth Evil Dead film began in 2004, with original film actor Bruce Campbell about the possibility for a next film in the franchise. The project was officially announced in July 2011, with Ghost House Pictures producing it, Diablo Cody in the process of revising the script, and Fede Álvarez chosen as the director. Much of the cast joined from January to February 2012. Principal photography took place in March 2012 and wrapped in May in New Zealand outside of Auckland, lasting about a month.

Evil Dead had its premiere at South by Southwest on March 8, 2013, and was released in the United States on April 5, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $97 million worldwide against a production budget of $17 million. A fifth installment, titled Evil Dead Rise, was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on April 21, 2023.

Plot
A girl is tied up in the cellar of a remote cabin, where an old woman is reciting incantations from a strange book. The girl reveals her demonic possession and her father Harold sets her ablaze and shoots her dead.

Some time later, David Allen and his girlfriend Natalie arrive at the cabin with their dog Grandpa, where they meet his estranged younger sister Mia and their friends Eric and Olivia. The group plans to stay in the cabin while Mia overcomes her heroin addiction. Mia begins having withdrawal symptoms. David discovers that the cabin's cellar is littered with rotting animal corpses, a worn double-barrel shotgun, and a book called the Naturom Demonto.

Eric reads an incantation from the book, awakening a malevolent force. Mia begins seeing a demonic doppelgänger of herself in the woods. She steals Eric's car to leave but crashes into a pond. The force chases her into the woods, where vines trap her. Mia's doppelgänger possesses her via the vines.

David finds Grandpa beaten to death with a hammer and discovers Mia scalding herself. That night, a possessed Mia wounds David with the shotgun and vomits red bile onto Olivia's face before Eric locks her in the basement. A possessed Olivia mutilates her face and stabs Eric with a hypodermic needle before he bludgeons her to death. Mia lures Natalie into the cellar and bites her hand before slicing her own tongue. David helps Natalie escape.

Eric explains that per the book, the "Taker of Souls" must claim five souls to unleash the "Abomination". Natalie's arm becomes possessed and she amputates it. Mia must be "purified" by live burial, dismemberment, or burning. The now-possessed Natalie attacks the pair with a nail gun, but David shoots her other arm off; Natalie bleeds to death from her injury.

David begins dousing the cabin in gasoline, but decides to bury Mia instead. He digs a grave but Mia attempts to drown him, and Eric is fatally stabbed saving him. David sedates and buries Mia but after hearing her heartbeat stop, digs her back up and attempts to resuscitate her. He finds Mia alive and enters the cabin to retrieve his car keys, but Eric's possessed corpse stabs him. David shoots a gasoline can, killing himself and Eric.

With David's death being the fifth claimed soul, blood begins to rain from the sky and the Abomination attacks Mia as her demonic doppelgänger. Mia severs the Abomination's legs with a chainsaw, but it overturns David's Jeep on her left arm, crushing it in the process. After Mia's hand gets torn off from her freeing herself, she bisects the Abomination's head with a chainsaw before it sinks back into the ground and the rain stops. An exhausted Mia leaves, unaware the Naturom Demonto is still intact.

In a post-credits scene, an older Ash Williams (the protagonist of the original three Evil Dead films) is seen in shadowed profile.

Cast

Additionally, Bruce Campbell appears uncredited in the post-credits scene as Ash Williams. Briefly reprising their roles from the original film through archival recordings, Bob Dorian voices Professor Raymond Knowby and Ellen Sandweiss voices Cheryl Williams, who warns the main characters that they will die. Jack Walley also had a small role in the film as Billy Bob, a truck driver who rescues Mia after she escapes the cabin, though his scene wound up being deleted. It was restored in the extended cut.

Production

Writing
Fede Álvarez and Rodo Sayagues co-wrote the script, which was then doctored by Diablo Cody in an effort to Americanize the dialogue since English was not the writers' first language. The film was produced by Raimi, Campbell and Robert G. Tapert, who are the producers of the original trilogy.

Raimi and Campbell had planned a remake for many years, but, in 2009, Campbell stated the proposed remake was "going nowhere" and had "fizzled" due to extremely negative fan reaction. However, in April 2011, Bruce Campbell stated in an AskMeAnything interview on Reddit: "We are remaking Evil Dead. The script is awesome ... The remake's gonna kick some ass — you have my word." The film was officially announced that July.

Casting
Actor Shiloh Fernandez was cast in the lead male role of David. Initially Lily Collins was scheduled to play the lead female role of Mia, but dropped out in January 2012, with Jane Levy replacing her the next month. Lou Taylor Pucci, Elizabeth Blackmore, and Jessica Lucas later joined the cast.

In November 2018, Álvarez confirmed the film's relationship to the original:

Filming
Álvarez, who also has a background in CGI, also confirmed in an interview that the film does not employ CGI (except for touch-ups): "We didn't do any CGI in the movie ... Everything that you will see is real, which was really demanding. This was a very long shoot, 70 days of shooting at night. There's a reason people use CGI; it's cheaper and faster, I hate that. We researched a lot of magic tricks and illusion tricks."

Release

Theatrical
TriStar Pictures released the film theatrically on April 5, 2013, in the United States, with Sony Pictures handling other markets. Fede Álvarez tweeted on January 28, 2013, that the film first received an NC-17 rating, which prompted cuts in order to obtain the contractually obligated R-rating. The film has been rated uncut as an 18 by the BBFC for containing strong "bloody violence, gory horror and very strong language". StudioCanal handled the release of Evil Dead in the United Kingdom.

Evil Dead premiered at the SXSW Film Festival in Austin, TX on March 8, 2013. The music for Evil Dead, composed by Roque Baños, was released by La-La Land Records in a 40-minute digital form and a 70-minute physical release, on April 9, 2013.

Home media
Evil Dead was released on DVD and Blu-ray, on July 16, 2013. The Blu-ray exclusives include commentary from three of the cast, and screenwriters Fede Álvarez and Rodo Sayagues and five featurettes, while the regular DVD includes only three of the featurettes. Shout! Factory released a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray containing both cuts of the film and an exclusive poster on September 27, 2022 under their Scream Factory sub label.

Extended cut
An "extended version" featuring an alternative ending (a deleted mid-credits scene) and various other deleted clips and dialogue, some of which were featured in the original trailer but subsequently removed from the theatrical version, was aired in the UK on Channel 4 on January 25, 2015.

On October 10, 2018, Sony Pictures announced the release of the Unrated Cut on Blu-ray Disc in a two-disc manufacture on demand combo pack with the theatrical version. It was released on October 23, 2018. The extended cut is 96 minutes compared to the 91-minute theatrical cut.

Reception

Box office
The film grossed $25.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office. It went on to gross $54.2 million domestically and $43.3 million internationally, for a worldwide take of $97.5 million against its $17 million budget, making it a box office success.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 63% based on 205 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10. The critics consensus states: "It may lack the absurd humor that underlined the original, but the new-look Evil Dead compensates with brutal terror, gory scares, and gleefully bloody violence." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100 based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.

Evan Dickson from Bloody Disgusting reviewed the film at SXSW and went on to say, "Evil Dead is amazingly gory and fun" and gave the film 4/5 stars. Chris Tilly of IGN gave Evil Dead 9/10 and called the movie a "terrifying, exhilarating and relentlessly entertaining new chapter in the Evil Dead story". John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter also gave the film a positive review, calling it a "remake that will win the hearts of many of the original's fans."  Independent horror review site HorrorTalk gave the film four stars out of five, saying it is "the most unrelenting and bloody horror film to come out of a major studio in a very long time".  Emma Simmonds of The List commented: "Evil Dead has ample cheap shocks and few bloodcurdling frights but it builds to something gorily bravura and, if that's your bag, you'll come away satisfied. It's a while before anyone picks up a chainsaw, but boy is it worth it when they do." Matt Singer called the film "an assault on the senses" and "a success, one that out-Evil Deads the original movie with even more gore, puke, blood, and dismembered limbs. It may not be wildly inventive, but it is effective, and plenty faithful to the spirit — and tagline — of the first 'Ultimate Experience in Grueling Terror.'"

Richard Roeper rated the film one star out of four, criticizing the film's unoriginality, the characters' lack of intelligence, and the film's reliance on gore for what he felt were cheap scares. He concluded his review by saying: "I love horror films that truly shock, scare and provoke. But after 30 years of this stuff, I'm bored to death and sick to death of movies that seem to have one goal: How can we gross out the audience by torturing nearly every major character in the movie?"

Accolades

Sequel

In October 2019, Raimi announced at the New York Comic Con, that a new Evil Dead film was officially green-lit and in development, with Robert G. Tapert as producer, while Raimi and Campbell served as executive producers only, all under their Ghost House Pictures banner. In June 2020, Lee Cronin was chosen as a director with a script he wrote. Officially titled Evil Dead Rise, the project was developed by New Line Cinema. Alyssa Sutherland and Lily Sullivan were cast in the film,  and filming concluded on October 27, 2021. Evil Dead Rise was theatrically released on April 21, 2023.

Notes

References

External links

The Evil Dead (franchise) films
2010s American films
2010s English-language films
2010s supernatural horror films
2013 directorial debut films
2013 films
2013 horror films
American dark fantasy films
American splatter films
American supernatural horror films
Demons in film
FilmDistrict films
Films about curses
Films about heroin addiction
Films about spirit possession
Films about witchcraft
Film censorship in Ukraine
Film controversies in the United Kingdom
Film controversies in Ukraine
Films directed by Fede Álvarez
Films produced by Sam Raimi
Films scored by Roque Baños
Films set in 1980
Films set in 1992
Films set in forests
Films set in Massachusetts
Films shot in Michigan
Films shot in New Zealand
Films with screenplays by Fede Álvarez
Films with screenplays by Rodo Sayagues
Ghost House Pictures films
Horror film remakes
Remakes of American films
TriStar Pictures films

Evil Dead (2013 film)


Herambasuta (Devanagari:हेरम्बसुत, IAST:) was an Indian Shakta yogi who belonged to the vamachara Ganapatya sect. The tenth century work  attributed to certain  mentions the cult of  led by Herambasuta. The name of the group derives from  (leftovers) in reference to the foods left over at the end of the ritual to the deity. In Tantric context, food is deliberately left in the mouth in order to render them ritually impure. According to the scripture mentioned above, Herambasuta held many unorthodox views, and the worship included .

The form of worship Herambasuta expounded was : there was no caste restriction, promiscuity was allowed and the followers wore a red mark on the forehead. According to R. G. Bhandarkar it was an imitation of Kaula form of worship.

Notes

Ganesha
Indian Hindu yogis
Hindu philosophers and theologians
Shaktas

Herambasuta


Paul J. Contillo (born July 8, 1929) is an American Democratic Party politician who represented the Bergen County-based 38th Legislative District in the New Jersey State Legislature during three separate tenures.

Career
Contillo served as a Councilman in Paramus, New Jersey from 1971 to 1973.  He was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1973, entering the race after the Democratic nominee, Paramus Councilman Alphonso DeFilippo dropped out of the race after the primary.  Riding the Watergate Democratic landslide, Contillo and his running mate, incumbent Assemblyman Edward Hynes defeated Republican Assemblyman Charles Reid and attorney Ralph W. Chandless Jr.  Contillo was the top votegetter and won by more than 8,000 votes.

He sought re-election to a second term in 1975, running with Hasbrouck Heights Councilman Robert Burns after Hynes chose not to run.  He defeated former Meadowlands Chamber of Commerce President Richard Fritzky in the Democratic primary by just 797 votes.  In the general election, Contillo beat Chandless and former Mayor of Hackensack and Bergen County Freeholder Frank A. Buono Jr. by less than 2,000 votes.

Contillo was viewed as especially vulnerable in 1977 after voting for Governor Brendan Byrne's unpopular state income tax.  Fritzky challenged him again in the Democratic primary but lost by more than 1,600 votes.  But as Byrne rebounded in his re-election campaign, so did Contillo and Burns. They defeated Paramus Councilman Louis Kosco and Lodi Mayor James Cuccio by more than 3,000 votes.   He sought re-election to a fourth term in 1979, but lost by 374 votes to Kosco and his running mate, attorney John Paolella.

In 1983, Contillo ran for State Senator against Paolella, who had ousted two-term Democrat John Skevin two years earlier.  In a competitive Democratic primary, Contillo beat Skevin by 849 votes, and unseated Paolella in the general election by 595 votes. He was re-elected to a second term in the Senate in 1987, defeating Assemblyman Kosco by 2,368 votes.

In the Senate, Contillo served as Assistant Majority Leader and drafted New Jersey's local government ethics laws.

After supporting Governor Jim Florio's controversial tax increases, Contillo was defeated for a third term in the Senate in 1991. In a rematch with Kosco, he lost by a landslide 7,168 votes.

Contillo sought a comeback in 1993, but lost the Democratic Senate primary to Garfield Councilman James Krone by 851 votes.

In 2013, at age 84 and after 22 years out of office, Contillo was again elected to the State Assembly. The incumbent, Connie Wagner, dropped her re-election bid in June and resigned her seat on October 1 to move to Florida. Democrats replaced Wagner on the ballot with Joseph Lagana, but in a Special Election Convention held on October 20, elected Contillo to fill the remaining three months of Wagner's term. He took office on November 18, 2013, and served until January 14, 2014. He was assigned to the Assembly Environment and Solid Waste Committee, and the Assembly Higher Education Committee.

Before retiring, he was the President and Founder of a New York City printing company, Allied Reproductions, Inc.

References

Democratic Party New Jersey state senators
Democratic Party members of the New Jersey General Assembly
1929 births
People from Paramus, New Jersey
Politicians from Bergen County, New Jersey
Living people
21st-century American politicians

Paul Contillo


Mortuary is a 2005 American zombie horror film directed by Tobe Hooper. It stars Dan Byrd, Alexandra Adi and Denise Crosby.                          Mortuary was Tobe Hooper's last US-produced film before his death in 2017 (his final directorial credit being the 2013 Emirati horror film Djinn, produced by Image Nation).

Plot
After the loss of their father, the Doyle family – Leslie, Jonathan, and Jamie – move to the Fowler Mortuary in hope of starting a new life but find it in poor condition. Jonathan goes to the local diner where he meets Cal and his two girlfriends, Tina and Sara. Cal tells Jonathan about the legend of Bobby Fowler, an abused and deformed boy who lived in the mortuary. Jonathan also meets Liz, a local girl; Grady, Liz's best friend; and Rita, Liz's aunt, who employed her to work at the diner. Jonathan, Liz, and Grady become friends quickly. That night, Cal, Sara and Tina go to the graveyard outside the mortuary and vandalize it; they then go into one of the crypts, where they are attacked by Bobby Fowler.

The next day, Jonathan, Liz and Grady go back to Jonathan's house, where Grady gives them drugs. Shortly afterwards, Sheriff Howell shows up to welcome Leslie to the town. He informs her about his attempt to stop "graveyard babies". He also is looking for Cal, Sara, and Tina. Sheriff Howell investigates the crypts, where Bobby Fowler infects him. The next day at the diner, Jonathan and Liz are working, when Cal and Sara arrive messy. Cal has a rage attack and Sara begins vomiting black ooze. Rita comes in to calm her down but is infected in the process. At the mortuary, Leslie performs her first embalming. While doing so, she  makes a mess of the embalming fluids. While going to clean it up, one of the bodies gets up and infects Leslie. Jonathan, Jamie, Liz, and Grady return to Jonathan's house for dinner, where Leslie, now infected with the mysterious ooze, has prepared a sort of ooze soup. The four notice a black fungus growing on the wall. Liz pours salt in her soup which makes it bubble and sends Leslie into a rage in which she attacks Jonathan and Jamie. Liz and Grady quickly escape.

Shortly afterwards, Jonathan fights off his mother and saves Jamie. The four escape outside but are forced to retreat into a crypt, because they are chased there by an infected man. The four make the shocking discovery that Bobby lives in the crypt and dug tunnels under the cemetery. They find Tina, who is still alive, but are attacked by the mother. They find a ladder which leads back into the house, where they barricade themselves. They question Tina and eventually cut her hand to see if her blood has turned into the black ooze, a sign of the infection. Sheriff Howell assaults the house with a shotgun. Tina goes into the kitchen to clean the wound but is infected by contaminated water. Grady accidentally pours salt on her, burning her. The group now knows the weakness of the infected, but their victory is short-lived after they find that Jamie, who Jonathan had left in her room to keep her safe, has been captured.

Shortly after entering the tunnels, they see and hear things; a hand suddenly punches through Grady's chest, giving him enough time to say quietly, "run", before dying. They soon find the source, a well filled with black ooze. Shortly thereafter, Jamie is found, but captured by Bobby Fowler and taken back to the lair, where they confront him by throwing salt in the well. Cal is killed by getting his head blown off by the Sheriff, and the other infected are burned with salt; Bobby is sucked in and the three escape the house. The three, happy to escape but still grieving the deaths of Leslie and Grady, are about to leave the house, but Jonathan is pulled underground, and Leslie, alive again, pulls Jamie into the house, and Liz's fate is left untold.

Cast
 Denise Crosby as Leslie
 Dan Byrd as Jonathan
 Stephanie Patton as Jamie
 Alexandra Adi as Liz
 Bug Hall as Cal
 Courtney Peldon as Tina
 Tarah Paige as Sara
 Rocky Marquette as Grady
 Greg Travis as Eliot Cook
 Michael Shamus Wiles as Sheriff Howell

Production
Filming began in January 2005 in Pomona, California.

Release
Mortuary premiered at the New York City Horror Film Festival on October 21, 2005. It received a limited theatrical release in January 2006.  It was released on Blu-ray July 29, 2008.

Critical reception
Bloody Disgusting rated it 2/5 stars and said that "it's for die-hard Hooper fans only."  Steve Barton of Dread Central rated it 3/5 stars and called the film "dumb fun" that has an uneven tone.  Barton concludes, "In the end, despite its identity crisis and other short comings, there's a lot to like about Mortuary." JoBlo.com gave the film 1/10 claiming "This had to be the worst genre film that I've seen in the last 5 years."

References

External links

2005 films
2005 horror films
2005 independent films
American zombie films
American independent films
2000s English-language films
Funeral homes in fiction
Films directed by Tobe Hooper
Films scored by Joseph Conlan
Films shot in California
2000s American films

Mortuary (2005 film)


is a Japanese politician born on January 8, 1958. He is a former member of the House of Representatives and was the inaugural Secretary-General of the Party for Future Generations, an opposition party formed in August 2014.

A graduate of Kyoto University (with a major in law), In April 2010 Yamada became chairman of the Spirit of Japan Party, which he founded for the Upper House election, with Hiroshi Nakada, the former mayor of Yokohama, and Hiroshi Saitō, the former governor of Yamagata. The party won a few seats at the prefectural and municipal level in the regional elections in 2011, and broke up in the fall of 2012 to join the Japan Restoration Party of the former governor of Tokyo Shintaro Ishihara, and later joined his Party for Future Generations. He lost his seat in the Diet in the December 2014 general election. In September 2015 it was announced that he would contest the 2016 House of Councillors election as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Like Ishihara, Yamada is affiliated to the openly revisionist lobby Nippon Kaigi. He often gives lectures to local branches of the organization.

References

Party for Japanese Kokoro politicians
21st-century Japanese politicians
Living people
1958 births
Members of Nippon Kaigi
Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Kyoto University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society

Hiroshi Yamada


Bei Zeng () is a quantum information theorist at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, where she is a professor of physics, and director of the IAS Center for Quantum Technologies. As well as quantum information, her research interests include quantum computing and quantum error correction.

Education and career
Zeng is a 2002 graduate of Tsinghua University, where she studied physics and mathematics. After earning a master's degree at Tsinghua University in 2004, she completed a Ph.D. in physics in 2009 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her dissertation, Quantum operations and codes beyond the Stabilizer-Clifford framework, was supervised by Isaac Chuang.

She became a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Waterloo, affiliated both with the Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Combinatorics & Optimization, before becoming an assistant professor at the University of Guelph in 2010, rising through the academic ranks there to become full professor in 2018. She moved to her present position at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2019. She continues to maintain an adjunct faculty affiliation with the University of Waterloo Department of Physics and Astronomy.

Zeng is also a cofounder of SpinQ Technology, a company in quantum computing in Shenzhen started in 2018.

Book
Zeng is a coauthor of the book Quantum Information Meets Quantum Matter: From Quantum Entanglement to Topological Phases of Many-Body Systems (with Xie Chen, Duan-Lu Zhou, and Xiao-Gang Wen, Springer, 2019).

Recognition
In 2021, Zeng was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Quantum Information, "for pioneering work and contributions in quantum information science (QIS), including error correction and fault-tolerance, many-body entanglement, quantum tomography, quantum marginals, and QIS applications in quantum matter, and for her long-term contribution to QIS services and education".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Women physicists
Quantum information scientists
Tsinghua University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Guelph
Academic staff of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Fellows of the American Physical Society

Bei Zeng