Henry Bingham Neilson (1861 – 13 October 1941), who signed his work and was usually credited as Harry B. Neilson, less often as H. B. Neilson, was a British illustrator, mostly of children's books.

His first career was as an engineer and electrician, working for a Liverpool shipbuilder, at sea, and in India, where he was a part-time Indian Army cavalryman, but by the 1890s his career as an illustrator was established and he lived his last 37 years in an English village.

Life and work

Born at Birkenhead, in an area called the Wirral, which was then in Cheshire, Neilson was the son of Andrew and Isabel Anne Neilson and had seven older brothers and sisters. His father was a Scottish merchant who for some years had lived and worked in Brazil, while his mother was a British subject born in Cartagena, Colombia. The family moved to England in the 1850s and was settled in Birkenhead by the time of young Harry's birth in 1861, at 39, Westbourne Road, Birkenhead, a house then set among open fields which stretched into Claughton.

In 1863 the growing Neilson family moved to a new house called Airliewood which Andrew Neilson had had built on an acre of land in Forest Road, Claughton. Neilson later recalled "My father still wore half-Wellington top boots and the old fashioned stocks. The ladies wore poke bonnets, crinolines, Paisley shawls, and many-flounced, voluminous skirts, while young men of fashion affected peg-top trousers, little pork-pie hats with fluttering ribbons, and Dundreary whiskers. Policemen still wore top hats. Croquet was practically the only outdoor game played by ladies."

In 1879 Neilson was apprenticed as an engineer with Laird Brothers, a major shipbuilding firm in Liverpool. After completing this training in 1884, he worked as an electrician on the new Red Star Line transatlantic steamer SS Noordland until 1886. In August of that year, his unmarried sister Isabel Anne died, aged 36, and in administering her estate their father was named as "Andrew Neilson, Gentleman".

Neilson had a cousin in Bihar in British India who was in charge of an indigo plantation there, and in 1887 he went out to join him. While there, he enlisted in the Bihar Light Horse as a part-time trooper. In 1889, his first illustrated book, The Adventures of Sam Pippins, Esq., with the Kilkenny Hunt, was published by Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. Meanwhile, at home in Birkenhead, in 1890 his father died, aged 73, followed in 1893 by his mother, aged 66. His father left property valued at £3,896, , with his mother and brother John Robertson Neilson, a cotton broker, appointed as Executors.

During the 1890s, Neilson became active as a book illustrator, and by 1903 had returned to England to live with a sister at a house called Meadowbank, at 36 School Lane, Bidston, a village in his native Wirral. He stayed at Meadowbank for the rest of his life.

Neilson illustrated many children's books, several of them for the children's writer S. H. Hamer, who conveniently was also an editor with Cassell & Co. Neilson also worked as an illustrator of magazines and designed postcards and Christmas cards. In much of his work he depicted animals dressed as people, like his contemporaries Beatrix Potter and Harry Rountree, but often showing them in more vigorous activities. In France he has been compared with Benjamin Rabier. His best-known work, "Mr Fox's Hunt Breakfast on Xmas Day" (pictured) is said to represent five members of the Blankney Hunt, in Lincolnshire and has been widely reproduced. Dressed for hunting, the breakfast party is eating pheasant and drinking Renard (French for "fox") champagne. Pictures on the wall behind are of hunting scenes, but with foxes in pursuit of men, one of whom is going to ground. The original, a large chromolithograph, was a free gift to readers with the Christmas issue of the Penny Illustrated Paper in December 1897. One hundred years later, in December 1997, it was used as the cover art for the  Christmas-week issue of the British magazine Country Life.

Games and Gambols (1902) includes Neilson's notable picture of "The great test match between the Lions and the Kangaroos".

In 1903 and 1904, Neilson worked with the Irish dramatist William Boyle, illustrating two books of comic verse, Comic Capers and Christmas at the Zoo.

Neilson returned to the theme of "Mr Fox's Hunt Breakfast" in The Fox's Frolic; or, A Day with the Topsy Turvy Hunt (1917), illustrating a long narrative poem by Sir Francis Burnand in which the usual fox hunting roles are reversed, with the foxes riding hounds and becoming the hunters, with "the brush" pursued being a farmer's broom. An American edition appeared in 1935.

Neilson was a keen rider, keeping his own horse, which he groomed himself. In 1935 he published Auld-lang-syne, a book of memoirs and reminiscences of Claughton, Birkenhead, and Bidston, arranging to have it printed by a local firm, Willmer Brothers. One of the brothers, Wrayford Willmer, later remembered the arrival of a "persistent, eccentric little man" with his manuscript.

Neilson died in a nursing home at West Kirby, Cheshire, on 13 October 1941, with his home address given as Meadowbank, School Lane, Bidston, leaving an estate valued at £1070.

An archive of 325 items, including drawings, watercolours, and manuscripts by Neilson is held in the Manuscripts Division of the Charles E. Young Research Library, at the University of California, Los Angeles.

A new edition of The Fox's Frolic was published by Applewood Books in 2009.

Assessment
In his book on Arthur Rackham, Fred Gettings says

Publications

H. B. Neilson, The Adventures of Sam Pippins, Esq., with the Kilkenny Hunt, Illustrated and written by Harry B. Neilson (Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London, and John Heywood, Manchester, undated, 1889)
S. H. Hamer, Micky Magee's Menagerie, or, Strange animals and their doings, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (Cassell & Company, London, Paris, New York & Melbourne, 1897),
Evelyn Sharp, George Manville Fenn, et al., Little Folks 1899, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson and Lewis Baumer (London: Cassell & Co., 1899)
S. H. Hamer, Whys and Other Whys, or, Curious Creatures and Their Tales, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (London: Cassell, 1898),
Harry B. Neilson & the Cockiolly Bird, Droll Doings, Illustrations by Harry B. Neilson, with Verses by the Cockiolly Bird  (London: Blackie & Son, 1900),
Harry B. Neilson, An Animal A B C (London: Blackie & Son, 1900),
S. H. Hamer, Harry B. Neilson, Topsy-Turvy Tales, or The Exception Proves the Rule (London: Cassell, 1901),
Francis T. Buckland, Curiosities of Natural History, Illustrated by H. B. Neilson (London: Methuen, new edition, 1904)
S. H. Hamer, The Jungle School; or Dr. Jibber-Jabber Burchall's Academy, With Illustrations by H. B. Neilson (London: Cassell, 1900),
S. H. Hamer, Peter Piper's Peepshow, with Illustrations by H. B. Neilson and Lewis Baumer (London: Cassell & Company, 1900),
S. H. Hamer, The Ten Travellers, and other tales in prose and verse, illustrated by H. B. Neilson (Cassell & Company, London, Paris, New York & Melbourne, 1902),
H. B. Neilson & John Brymer, Games and Gambols Illustrated by Harry B. Neilson; with Verses by John Brymer (Blackie and Son, 1902),
Sabine Baring-Gould, Amazing Adventures Drawn by H. B. Neilson and Written by S. Baring Gould (London: Skeffington & Son, 1903),
Anon, Bo-Peep: a Treasury for the Little Ones (London, Paris, New York, Melbourne: Cassell and Company, 1903), illustrated by Harry B. Neilson and others
William Boyle, Comic Capers, Pictures by H. B. Neilson, Verses by William Boyle (1903),
William Boyle, Christmas at the Zoo: Described in Verse by William Boyle, with Coloured Illustrations by H. B. Neilson (1904)
Old Mother Hubbard drawn by Harry B. Neilson (Port Sunlight: printed and published by Lever Brothers, Soapmakers to H. M. the King; undated)
Clifton Bingham, The Animals' Academy, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (London: Blackie & Son, 1904),
S. H. Hamer, Topsy Turvy Tales, with 4 Coloured Plates and numerous Illustrations by Harry B. Neilson (1906)
Harry B. Neilson, E. A. Cubitt, Jane M. Dealy et al., Arm Chair Stories (London: Blackie and Son, undated)
Jack the Giant Killer and other stories, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson and others (London: John F. Shaw, undated)
Louis Wain, Harry B. Neilson, et al., Merry Times in Animal Land (London: James Clarke and Co., undated, c. 1907)
Harry B. Neilson, The Story of the Gray Goose drawn by Harry B. Neilson (London: Nelson, 1907)
Harry B. Neilson, The Farmyard: Over Sixty Lifelike Animals (1912)
Anon., Little Leo's Birthday: Pictures and Verses For Little Folk (London, Glasgow and Bombay: Blackie and Son Limited, c. 1913), illustrated by Harry B. Neilson and others
Cole's Jingle Jungle Book: Pictures and Verses for Little Folk illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Commonwealth of Australia: E. W. Cole, 1915)
F. C. Burnand, The Fox's Frolic; or, A Day with the Topsy Turvy Hunt, illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (London & Glasgow: Wm. Collins, Sons & Co., 1917)
The Fox's Frolic (New York: William Collins, 1935)
The Fox's Frolic (New edition, Applewood Books, 2009, )
Harry B. Neilson, Jolly Jaunts (Collins, London & Glasgow, undated),
Birdie's Picture Book, with stories and illustrations by Harry B Neilson, H. G. C. Lambert, and others (London: S. W. Partridge & Co., undated, c. 1919)
Partridges Children's Annual - Fourth Year of Issue with Illustrations by Louis Wain, Cecil Aldin, H G C Marsh Lambert, Harry B. Nielson, Frank Hart, M. Bowley etc. (London: S. W. Partridge & Co Ltd, c. 1920)
Harry B. Neilson, A Little Pickle (undated, c. 1920)
Harry B. Neilson, Mr. Jumbo at Home (Blackie, October 1921)
Harry B. Neilson, More Jumbo Stories (Blackie & Son, undated)
Harry B. Neilson, Jumbo's Jolly Tales (Blackie & Son, undated)
Baron Krakemsides, The Careless chicken, Illus. by Harry B. Neilson (London: Frederick Warne, 1924)
Edith E. Millard, Mr Skiddleywinks, Illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (London: W. & R. Chambers, undated, but advertised in The Publisher 1927)
Edith E. Millard, Mr Skiddleywinks, Illustrated by Harry B. Neilson (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1930)
Harry B. Neilson, Auld-lang-syne: recollections and rural records of old Claughton, Birkenhead and Bidston with other reminiscences (Willmer Brothers, 1935, )
S. H. Hamer, Escuela de Animales, illustrado por Harry B. Neilson'' (Barcelona: Ramon Sopena, 1942),

Notes

External links

Harry B. Neilson on Artnet
Finding Aid for the Harry B. Neilson Papers at the Charles E. Young Research Library

1861 births
1941 deaths
19th-century English artists
20th-century English artists
British children's book illustrators
Postcard artists
Magazine illustrators
Fox hunting writers
Foxes in popular culture
Military personnel of British India
Artists from Birkenhead

Harry B. Neilson


Władysław Skierkowski (12 March 1886 – 20 August 1941) was a Polish priest born in the peasant village of Głużek. He was responsible for studying and collecting the folk music of the Kurpie region of Poland.

Ordination
As a youth Skierkowski was determined to become a priest, so he volunteered to serve as organist in the church seminary in Płock, which eventually led to his admittance to the seminary. He was later ordained 23 June 1912 and, after serving as vicar in Dzierzgowo, he was reassigned to a church in the town of Myszyniec.

His pastoral travels by foot or horse from Myszyniec to the town of Chorzele, a distance of 30 kilometers, led him through the primeval swamps and the dark forest of the Kurpie wilderness. It was only during World War I when he was forced to flee into the Kurpie forest and live with the peasants in their huts and share their customs that he became enthralled with the music, customs, and dialect of the forest dwellers.

Collecting folk songs
From 1913 to his death in 1941, Skierkowski collected thousands of Kurpie folk songs including engagement and wedding songs, love songs, ballads, orphan songs, family songs, comic songs, soldier songs, shepherd songs, the annual song, as well as songs of the harvest. His collection of songs was published in 1928 in his book "The Kurpie Forest in Song" (Puszcza Kurpiowska w pieśni).

Capture by the Nazis
During World War II Skierkowski attempted to avoid capture by the Germans, but was finally caught and arrested during the night of 6 March 1941 and taken to Soldau concentration camp near the town of Działdowo. His death was reported as 20 August 1941, with the cause of death listed as pneumonia. He was 55 years old.

See also
 Kurpie
 Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles

References
 Władysław Skierkowski

1886 births
1941 deaths
People from Mława County
People from Płock Governorate
20th-century Polish Roman Catholic priests
Polish folk music
Masovia
Polish traditions
Polish civilians killed in World War II
People who died in Soldau concentration camp
Deaths from pneumonia in Poland

Władysław Skierkowski


A light horse field ambulance was an Australian World War I military unit whose purpose was to provide medical transport and aid to the wounded and sick soldiers of an Australian Light Horse brigade.

Typically a Lieutenant Colonel commanded each ambulance. All officers of the ambulance were medical doctors or surgeons. Dental units were often attached to the ambulance as well.

An ambulance consisted of two sections, the Mobile and the Immobile. The Mobile Section travel with its brigade into combat, where it would establish a Dressing Station. It use stretchers or carts to retrieve the wounded and transport them to the Dressing Station. The Immobile Section established and operated a Receiving Station, which received the wounded the Dressing Station sent on. The ambulance's surgeons would operate on the wounded at the Receiving Station. From the Receiving Station, the sick and wounded would go first to the Casualty Clearing Station and ultimately to a Base Hospital.

Transport
The light horse field ambulances operated in the Middle East theatre: Egypt, the Sinai peninsula, Palestine and Syria.  The methods used to transport the wounded had to operate effectively in the sandy, dusty environment.

 Stretcher  As in infantry field ambulances, stretchers were used for transport over short distances, rough terrain or when enemy fire prevented the safe employment of bearer animals.

 Cycle stretcher  These were unpopular and ineffective; after the Gaza battles the forces abandoned the use of cycle stretchers.

 Sand cart  The mainstay of the transport section was the sand cart. It featured wide steel rims and was designed be able to carry three stretchers over soft sand. Six horses or mules provided the motive power. The sand cart was poorly suited to operating on the hard, rough ground of Palestine and Syria, and breakdowns were frequent.

 Sand sledge  Used to transport one stretcher case over sand; two horses pulled the sledge.

 Light ambulance wagon  Drawn by a four horse team, the light ambulance wagon was designed by Surgeon Colonel W.D.C. Williams. Wagons of this type were taken to Egypt by some of the field ambulance units during the early days of World War I.

 Camel cacolet  The camel cacolet was used to carry wounded over long distances on rough terrain impassable to wheeled transport. There were two types of cacolet: the sitting and the lying down type. One camel would carry two patients, one on either side of the camel's hump.

See also
Military unit
Field hospital
Australian Army Medical Units, World War I

Ambulances
Army medical units and formations of Australia
Cavalry units and formations of Australia
Military units and formations of Australia in World War I
Military ambulances

Light horse field ambulance


Adam Felber is an American political satirist, author, radio personality, actor, humorist, novelist, television writer, and comic book writer.

Biography
Felber attended Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, and graduated as an English major in 1989. He has lived in Brooklyn, New York, and now lives in Los Angeles, California.

He is a regular panel member and occasional guest host of the NPR radio quiz show, Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!. In July 2017, he began co-hosting the comedy podcast Live from the Poundstone Institute with comedian Paula Poundstone. In July 2018, he and Poundstone began co-hosting the podcast Nobody Listens to Paula Poundstone, a comedic advice show for which he is particularly renowned for the fact that he appears on every show.

Felber is the author of the novel Schrödinger's Ball, which uses as a conceit the concept of Schrödinger's cat. He has also written for several television shows including Real Time with Bill Maher, Talkshow with Spike Feresten, Arthur, The Smoking Gun, and Wishbone.

He also wrote the second Skrull Kill Krew limited series for Marvel Comics in 2009 as part of the Secret Invasion event.

His mother is the late romance novelist Edith Layton.

References

External links

American comics writers
21st-century American novelists
American male screenwriters
American satirists
NPR personalities
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American radio personalities
American male novelists
Comedians from California
Comedians from New York City
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from Los Angeles
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Screenwriters from California
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American screenwriters

Adam Felber


The Movement of the People, commonly abbreviated as MOP or M.O.P, is a Nigerian left-wing pan-African political movement.  The organisation was originally formed by Fela Anikulapo Kuti in 1979 as a political party but quickly became inactive due to Fela's confrontations with the government of the day.  It has since been revived by Fela's youngest son, Seun Kuti in the wake of the Nigerian End SARS protests of October 2020.

History
In 1979, Fela Kuti formed a political movement, which he called Movement of the People (MOP), to "clean up society like a mop". MOP preached Nkrumahism and Africanism. In 1979, he nominated himself for president in Nigeria's first elections in decades, but his candidature was refused.  Subsequently, Fela stopped engaging in political activities and the party became inactive.

In November 2020, Seun Kuti announced the revival of the organisation and the intention to re-register it as a political party.  He said that the organisation was being re-established to serve as an opposition to the country's elites.  During a live press conference, Seun explained that the Movement of the People (MOP) was a coalition of socialist and progressive organisations.  In January 2021, Seun informed the press that a formal request had been sent to INEC to register the movement as a political party.

References

Pan-Africanism in Nigeria
African and Black nationalist organizations in Africa
Politics of Nigeria
Fela Kuti
Decolonization
African philosophy
Anti-capitalist political parties
Far-left political parties
Political parties in Nigeria
Organizations established in 2020
National liberation movements in Africa
Pan-Africanist political parties in Africa
Left-wing parties
2021 establishments in Nigeria
Anti-imperialist organizations
Organizations based in Lagos
Political parties established in 2020

Movement of the People


For the electronics brand-name of the same name, see Best BuyInsignia (the plural of Latin insigne'': emblem, symbol) is a symbol or token of personal power, status or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction. Insignia are especially used as an emblem of a specific or general authority.

Typical examples of insignia are:

 Crowns
 Flags of a country or state
 Coats of arms and Heraldry
 Seals
 Ensigns
 Roundels
 Badges
 Cockades

 Other National Emblems
 Shoulder patch, or shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI)
 Military rank and unit markings
Official insignia are often protected by law as to allow their use only by people holding a specific office or staff members action on behalf of such a person. Misuse, defacement and destruction of such symbols is considered an offense in many countries.

Symbols
Military uniform

Insignia


Robert William "Bobby" Ash (November 5, 1925 – May 20, 2007) was an English-born Canadian actor who became known to children in the Toronto area as Uncle Bobby the host of The Uncle Bobby Show on local station CFTO-TV.

Early years
Robert Ash was born in Walsall, England into a family of actors and was brought up in the "pirate" circuses of Britain. Ash's entertainment career began as a child actor with a role in No Mother to Guide Her. During World War II, Ash performed for the British Forces in Stars in Battledress. Ash also worked as a comedy performer and circus clown.

Moving to Canada
After immigrating to Canada (leaving his parents and an unknown woman), Ash answered an ad for a television role as a clown in the CFTO program The Professor's Hideaway in 1959. He appeared on CFTO when it began broadcasting in 1961.  (The character of Kiddo later went on to his own show, with a different actor.) After Ash left his first show, he returned to Britain, but returned shortly to Canada to create a new program for CFTO (from 1962 to 1979). Ash took early education course at Seneca College to help his work on television.

Retirement and Death
Even after retirement Ash continued to live in Toronto (Guildwood)  and worked on children's books.

Ash later moved north to Elliot Lake from Toronto and died there of a heart attack on May 20, 2007.

Bibliography

References

External links

1924 births
2007 deaths
People from Walsall
Canadian children's television personalities
People from Elliot Lake
Male actors from Toronto
British emigrants to Canada
Seneca College alumni

Bobby Ash


The Battle of Cambrils or the Massacre of Cambrils took place in December 1640 during the Reapers' War.

The revolt had started in May–June 1640 and as a reaction the Spanish Army had occupied Tortosa in Catalonia in September. On December 8 a large army under Pedro Fajardo de Zúñiga y Requesens headed for Barcelona, passing through Cambrils.

Here, a small force of Catalan rebels attempted to ambush this much larger force, before withdrawing into the town and attempting to defend it. After several days of bombardment and heavy fighting the Spanish captured the town.
When the defenders tried to surrender, some 700 of them were massacred. The three leaders were quickly tried and executed on the garrote. The next day, more people were hanged and the city was sacked.
The Spanish army then continued in the direction of Barcelona, taking Tarragona on December 24. Later this army was decisively defeated in the Battle of Montjuïc on January 23.

References

History of Catalonia
Battles of the Reapers' War
1640 in Spain
Conflicts in 1640

Battle of Cambrils


We Are Hunted was a Brisbane based software company that developed proprietary search technology which continuously scanned the Internet to identify the hottest new music in the world. The company was founded by Stephen Phillips, Richard Slatter, Michael Doherty and Josephmark in 2007.

The service provided a constant stream of new music, delivered in a simple, tile-based user interface.

We Are Hunted was originally owned and operated by Hunted Media, a web services company based in San Francisco, California. In late 2012, Twitter acquired the company, announcing plans to turn the platform into a new product called Twitter Music in early 2013.

Music Charts

We Are Hunted was best known for its emerging music chart. The chart provided a continually updated list of the best new songs in the world, as measured by popularity on music blogs and social media. We Are Hunted also charted the most popular mainstream and top 40 artists in the world, and published music charts in a range of genres from electronic to metal.

Technology

The We Are Hunted service was powered by a proprietary software system. The platform enabled data aggregation, machine learning and content recommendation services. The system generated the music charts, powered the dynamic playlists, and delivered detailed analytics and reporting. The platform indexed approximately 100,000 music articles and 40 million music related tweets each month. It actively monitored YouTube and the Facebook graph for artist activity. The service used an open source stack including Linux, Apache, Nginx, Python, Sphinx, Postgres, Django, Redis, Twisted, and more.

Team

The core team responsible for the development of We Are Hunted was led by Stephen Phillips and Richard Slatter and included, Michael Doherty, Adrian McLean, and Ben Novakovic. UI/UX design was led by Jessica Huddart of Josephmark.  Several other people have contributed greatly to the development of the service including Genevieve Robey, Russell Keith-Magee, David Novakovic, Mitch Malone, Nathan Oorloff, Jack Murphy, Ryan Blunden, Tom Knox, Eoin McCarthy, Simon Litchfield and the team at Josephmark.

The company was backed by Graeme Wood, the successful Australian Internet entrepreneur and philanthropist.

Hunted Media provided fee for service web and mobile development services to support the ongoing development of the We Are Hunted service. The Hunted Media team had established a reputation in the digital music industry as an app development powerhouse working with companies like MySpace, MTV, Sony, eMusic, SiriusXM, Condé Nast and The Echonest.

Launch

The site was launched on 17 April 2009. It was featured on popular online technology blogs Wired, TechCrunch, Mashable and TechNation. We Are Hunted received over 100,000 visits in its first week online.

We Are Hunted was initially created and developed in Brisbane, Australia. The website concept arose from a discussion between founders Nick Crocker and Ben Johnston in early 2008. Crocker met Stephen Phillips, the founder of Australian news search engine Wotnews, in November 2008. After this initial meeting, Crocker and Phillips decided to work together to bring the idea to life. Crocker and Johnston finalised the site concept, developed the brand name and logo, and designed the first version of the user interface. The Wotnews technical team then, over several weeks, created the first version of the site, including the core music intelligence platform and innovative website interface. Six weeks after launch, the site was purchased by Wotnews from Native Digital. Wotnews was eventually rebranded Hunted Media. Since mid 2009, We Are Hunted been a web property developed and managed 100% by the Hunted Media team.

New Version

The Hunted Media team relocated to San Francisco and was working on the third version of the We Are Hunted service. On Thursday 11 April 2013 Hunted Media announced they were shutting down their website due to Twitter acquiring the company. All user accounts were shut down following this. However this public announcement led to Twitter Inc launching their music service by launching their music website #music Their new music service was launched under the website wonder.fm Wonder was retired in September 2017.

Notes

External links
 wearehunted.com/
 We Are Hunted on Twitter
 wonder.fm

Internet properties established in 2009
Internet properties disestablished in 2013
Companies based in San Francisco
Australian music websites
2012 mergers and acquisitions

We Are Hunted


Maras is a town in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, 40 kilometers north of Cusco, in the Cusco Region of Peru. The town is well known for its salt evaporation ponds, located towards Urubamba from the town center, which have been in use since Inca times. The salt-evaporation ponds are four kilometers north of the town, down a canyon that descends to the Rio Vilcanota (as the upper Urubamba River is known) and the Sacred Valley of the Incas. There are over 5,000 salt ponds, some owned by families and others unused.

Location and features

The Maras area is accessible by a paved road, which leads from the main road leading through the Sacred Valley between Cuzco and the surrounding towns. Tourist sites in the area include the colonial church, the nearby Moray Inca ruins, the local salt evaporation ponds, and the surrounding scenery.

Salt ponds

Since pre-Inca times, salt has been obtained in Maras by evaporating salty water from a local subterranean stream. The highly salty water emerges at a spring, a natural outlet of the underground stream. The flow is directed into an intricate system of tiny channels constructed so that the water runs gradually down onto the several hundred ancient terraced ponds. Almost all the ponds are less than four meters square in area, and none exceeds thirty centimeters in depth. All are necessarily shaped into polygons with the flow of water carefully controlled and monitored by the workers. The altitude of the ponds slowly decreases, so that the water may flow through the myriad branches of the water-supply channels and be introduced slowly through a notch in one sidewall of each pond. The proper maintenance of the adjacent feeder channel, the side walls and the water-entry notch, the pond's bottom surface, the quantity of water, and the removal of accumulated salt deposits requires close cooperation among the community of users. It is agreed among local residents and pond workers that the cooperative system was established during the time of the Incas, if not earlier. As water evaporates from the sun-warmed ponds, the water becomes supersaturated and salt precipitates as various size crystals onto the inner surfaces of a pond's earthen walls and on the pond's earthen floor. The pond's keeper then closes the water-feeder notch and allows the pond to go dry. Within a few days the water has evaporated and salt remains. This process is repeated for about a month building up salt over time.
Once enough salt has built up the keeper carefully scrapes the dry salt from the sides and bottom in layers. The first layer is typically pink or white and is the highest quality, it is used as kitchen (table) salt. The second layer is known as bulk salt and is a lower quality than the first layer, it is usually white. The third layer is typically brown and is used as industrial salt. Some salt is sold at a gift store nearby.

The salt mines traditionally have been available to any person wishing to harvest salt. The owners of the salt ponds must be members of the community, and families that are new to the community wishing to manage a salt pond get the one farthest from the community. The size of the salt pond assigned to a family depends on the family's size. Usually there are many unused salt pools  available to be farmed. Any prospective salt farmer need only locate an empty currently unmaintained pond, consult with the local informal cooperative, learn how to keep a pond properly within the accepted communal system, and start working.

As of September 2019, MaraSal S.A., the company that owns the salt pans, announced that tourists are no longer allowed to walk around the salt ponds due to contamination.

Notable residents
 Antonio Sinchi Roca Inka, 17th-century Quechua painter

Notes

External links

 Maras, Peru, National Geographic

Inca
Populated places in the Cusco Region
Saltworks

Maras, Peru


The MIT Mystery Hunt is an annual puzzlehunt competition at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest and most complex puzzlehunts in the world and attracts roughly 120 teams and 3,000 contestants (with about 2,000 on campus) annually in teams of 5 to 150 people. It has inspired similar competitions at Microsoft, Stanford University, Melbourne University, University of South Carolina, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and University of Aveiro (Portugal) as well as in the Seattle, San Francisco, Miami, Washington, D.C., Indianapolis and Columbus, Ohio metropolitan areas. Because the puzzle solutions often require knowledge of esoteric and eclectic topics, the hunt is sometimes used to exemplify popular stereotypes of MIT students.

The hunt begins at noon on the Friday before Martin Luther King Jr. Day, when the teams assemble to receive the first puzzles.  It concludes with a puzzle-guided journey (a "runaround") to find a "coin" hidden on MIT's campus. Each puzzlehunt is created and organized by the winning team of the previous year, which can lead to substantial differences in the rules and structure. While early hunts involved a few dozen linear puzzles, recent hunts have increased in complexity, some involving as many as 160 distinct puzzles arranged in rounds, hidden rounds, and metapuzzles. Recent hunts have also revolved around themes introduced as a skit by organizers at the opening ceremony.

Structure

The objective of the hunt is to solve a set of puzzles in order to locate a coin hidden on the MIT campus. Participants can organize into teams of any size and are not required to be physically present. In recent years, team sizes have grown to around 200 solvers for the largest teams. The proportion of hunters who participate remotely has grown over time, as well.

The hunt and its puzzles are organized and created by the team that won the event the previous year, ensuring that no hunt will be won (or run) consecutively by the same people; each year's writers are free to change any aspects of the internal structure of the Hunt. At noon on the Friday before Martin Luther King Jr. Day the teams gather at MIT, where organizers present a skit revealing the hunt's theme and the initial round of puzzles, as well as announcing rules and other administrative matters. The teams can locate their headquarters anywhere and, over the course of the Hunt, check in with the organizers to verify the answers to individual puzzles. Some teams make extensive use of remote solvers—players who are located beyond the MIT campus. After the Hunt concludes, the organizers typically hold a wrap-up meeting at which the solutions to all the metapuzzles and the overall structure of the Hunt are revealed.  Since 2009, hunts have been run for a fixed duration regardless of when the coin is first found, allowing more than one team to complete it (the record for most teams to complete a hunt is the 2017 Hunt: 17 teams completed it, the winners took only 18 hours).

While the puzzles in early hunts were either linear (after solving one puzzle, a new puzzle would be revealed) or released en masse, since 1998 the puzzles have been released in rounds. Successive rounds can be released at predetermined times, based upon completing a requisite number of puzzles in a previous round, or based on another metric entirely. The distinguishing feature of the present-day Mystery Hunt is employing the solutions to all the puzzles in a round to solve a metapuzzle, usually lacking any instructions. Once a team has solved all the metapuzzles, it may begin the "runaround" phase to find the hidden coin: the team follows a series of clues or puzzles that leads them from one location on the MIT campus to another until reaching the location where the coin is hidden. The entire hunt usually lasts approximately 48 hours, although the 2003, 2013, and 2023 hunts all required over 60 hours for the winning team, ending on Monday. Although the hidden prize is always called "the coin", a variety of items have been used as the "coin", including a compact disc, a fragment of a meteorite, a snowglobe, and a wooden cube.

The mystery hunt employs a wide range of puzzles including crosswords, cryptic crosswords, logic puzzles, jigsaw puzzles, anagrams, connect-the-dots, ciphers, riddles, paint by numbers, sudokus, and word searches. Solutions to these classic puzzles are further complicated by employing arcane or esoteric topics like quantum computing, stereoisomers, ancient Greek, Klingon, Bach cantatas, coinage of Africa, and Barbie dolls. Puzzles might also employ pictures, audio files, video games, physical objects, and/or locations within MIT or the Boston area. The hunt also assumes extensive familiarity with MIT's campus, culture, and lore.

History
The Mystery Hunt was started in 1981 by then-graduate student Brad Schaefer. The first Hunt consisted of 12 subclues on a single sheet of paper including a Vigenere cipher, a short runaround, and an integral. The answers to the subclues detailed the location of an Indian Head penny hidden on campus. The individuals who found the coin were allowed to take their pick of a $20 gift certificate to the school bookstore, a $50 donation to the charity of their choice, and a keg of beer. The hunt was organized for the next two years by Brad Schaefer and after he graduated, the winners were given the honor of writing the hunt the next year.

Over the next several years, the hunt became longer and more involved as the number of participants increased. The earliest recorded theme is Captain Red Herring's Mystery Island in 1992. The 1984 Hunt had 22 clues, and the 1987 Hunt had 19 clues and a final runaround. The Mystery Hunt has continued to grow, with the 2014 Hunt containing 115 puzzles, 10 metapuzzles, 5 events, a 24-puzzle mid-hunt runaround, and a 5-puzzle final runaround.

Though metapuzzles have existed in some form for many Mystery Hunts, the structure regarding how the puzzles combine into metapuzzles and how puzzles are released varies. For example, in the 2006 Hunt, "antepuzzles" provided access to new rounds, whose answers were derived from pieces of information attached to the round puzzles, but otherwise irrelevant to them (for example, the colors in which the puzzle titles were printed); in the 2009 Hunt, apart from the shorter introductory rounds, each main round had a unique structure and way of releasing new puzzles. In some Hunts, such as 1999's and 2008's, solvers are not told which sets of puzzles must be combined to create metapuzzles; figuring out the correct groupings is part of the puzzle.

While the hunt is hosted on MIT's campus, puzzles are generally delivered through a website that tracks team progress on puzzles that updates when puzzles are solved. Puzzles may also involve physical components to be solved on campus. In 2021 and 2022, the Mystery Hunt was held entirely remotely, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

List of Hunts

See also
 The Game

References

External links
 Official Mystery Hunt website
  Available online.

 Short Radio Piece About the Hunt on Weekend America
 Short video piece about the 2009 Hunt on G4's Attack of the Show!

Massachusetts Institute of Technology student life
Puzzle hunts
University folklore

MIT Mystery Hunt


The Infinity Doctors is a BBC Books original novel written by Lance Parkin and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. The book was released to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the series, and features several references to the series' past.

Synopsis

During the Dark Time, the Gallifreyan scientist Omega leaves his wife to travel to the star that will give his people the power to become Lords of Time when he causes it to go supernova. But things do not go as planned and Omega is lost inside a black hole.
Millions of years later, an unknown version of the Doctor, his friend the Magistrate and star pupil Larna, together with the rest of the Time Lords are preparing to host a peace conference between the Sontarans and the Rutans to end their thousand-year war. But behind the scenes a masked figure arranges a kidnapping and robbery in the Doctor's rooms and a strange anomaly appears across the universe, which seemingly has the power to alter the past and future. The epicentre of the effect is a black hole at the end of the universe to which the Doctor and his friends must travel to prevent disaster.

Interpretations

Incarnation of the Doctor
Among the possible explanations for which incarnation of the Doctor is featured include a young First Doctor who has yet to leave Gallifrey, a future Doctor past the last known incarnation (at the time the book was written, the Eighth Doctor was the current incarnation) or the Other, who may or may not be the Doctor. Parkin himself stated: "He's clearly not the eighth Doctor of mainstream continuity. He does look like Paul McGann."

Chronology
Parkin's guide to Doctor Who chronology, AHistory, contains a footnote stating that "fan consensus" places the novel on the reconstructed Gallifrey implied by the end of Parkin's The Gallifrey Chronicles (that is, between The Gallifrey Chronicles and "Rose").

References

External links

The Cloister Library - The Infinity Doctors

1998 British novels
1998 science fiction novels
Past Doctor Adventures
Novels by Lance Parkin
The Master (Doctor Who) novels

The Infinity Doctors


Stevens Thomson Mason (October 27, 1811 – January 4, 1843) was an American politician who served as the first governor of Michigan from 1835 to 1840. Coming to political prominence at an early age, Mason was appointed his territory's acting territorial secretary by Andrew Jackson at age 19, becoming the acting territorial governor soon thereafter in 1834 at age 22. As territorial governor, Mason was instrumental in guiding Michigan to statehood, which was secured in 1837. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected as Michigan's first state governor in 1835, where he served until 1840. Elected at 23 and taking office at 24, Mason was and remains the youngest state governor in American history.

Early life in Virginia and Kentucky
Mason was born near Leesburg in Loudoun County, Virginia, into a politically powerful family. His great-grandfather, Thomson Mason (1733–1785), was chief justice of the Virginia Supreme Court and younger brother of George Mason (1725–1792), who took part in the Constitutional Convention. His grandfather, Stevens Thomson Mason (1760–1803), was a U.S. Senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death. His uncle, Armistead Thomson Mason (1787–1819), was also a U.S. Senator from Virginia. In addition, his uncles by marriage, Benjamin Howard (1760–1814) and William Taylor Barry (1784–1835), both served in the Kentucky House of Representatives and were U.S. Representatives from Kentucky. Howard was also Governor of the Louisiana (Missouri) Territory (1810–1812) and the Missouri Territory (1812–1813). Barry served as a U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1814–1816), then had a long career in a number of Kentucky government positions, and ultimately became U.S. Postmaster General (1829–1835).

In 1812, Mason's father, John Thomson Mason (1787–1850), left the Mason family stronghold in Virginia to attempt to make his own fortune in Lexington, Kentucky. In 1817, President James Monroe appointed the elder Mason United States marshal. While his business ventures were a complete failure and the family became nearly broke in the 1820s, he was a lawyer and land agent from an influential family, and went on to become an important figure in the Texas Revolution.

Life and politics in Michigan Territory
John Mason was appointed secretary of the Michigan Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. Young Stevens was more politically savvy than his father and helped to protect him from schemes launched by anti-Jackson forces. This gained him notice from the territorial governor, Lewis Cass. In 1831, President Jackson sent the elder Mason on a mission to Mexico and named Stevens to replace his father as secretary, at the age of 19 before he could even vote. At about the same time, Governor Cass became Jackson's Secretary of War. As the territorial secretary traditionally served as acting governor, young Mason held that role until George Bryan Porter, who was named to replace Cass in August 1831, arrived in Detroit in 1832. As it turned out, Porter was frequently absent and Mason was, for all practical purposes, the acting governor during this time, leading to his nickname of the "Boy Governor". Porter died of cholera in Detroit in 1834, and so Mason was once again acting governor of the Michigan Territory.

Mason was influential in petitioning for Michigan statehood. When the first petition in 1832 was not acted upon by the U.S. Congress, Mason commissioned a territorial census. When the census was completed in 1834, it determined that 85,856 people lived in the lower peninsula, more than the 60,000 required for statehood by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. A dispute over a strip of land, the Toledo Strip, claimed by both Michigan and Ohio led to the Toledo War. President Jackson appointed Benjamin Chew Howard of Baltimore and Richard Rush of Philadelphia to arbitrate the dispute, but Mason was not satisfied with the proposal and refused to back down. Not wanting to alienate his political support in Ohio, President Jackson removed Mason as territorial secretary in August 1835 and appointed John S. ("Little Jack") Horner as his replacement.

First governor of the state of Michigan

Although replaced by Horner, Mason was still popular in Michigan. Voters approved a constitution on October 5, 1835, and they elected Mason as governor. However, the U.S. Congress refused to recognize Michigan as a state until the dispute with Ohio was resolved.

In 1836, facing financial difficulties because Michigan was not recognized as a state, Mason agreed to a compromise reached by the U.S. Congress and agreed to cede the disputed land to Ohio in exchange for the western two-thirds of the Upper Peninsula; Michigan already included the eastern third. A convention in September 1836 refused to go along with Mason, but Mason finally prevailed in a second convention in December 1836. On January 26, 1837, Michigan was admitted to the Union.

In 1835, Mason had initiated an ambitious internal improvements program, which included development of three railroads and two canals (one of which was the Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal). Mason was re-elected in 1837, but the state's economy soon began to suffer from the effects of the Panic of 1837. Earlier in 1837, Mason had negotiated to fund the internal improvements program through the sale of $5,000,000 (equivalent to $ in ) in bonds. This arrangement fell apart in 1837 and following bankruptcies by both the company building the canal and the bank backing the loans, the state was left with over $2,000,000 (equivalent to $ in ) in bad debt. During his business trips to New York to finance his internal improvements program, Mason became acquainted with Julia Phelps and the two married on November 1, 1838.

In early 1838, Mason led the state militia in helping to thwart the Patriot War, an attempt by irregulars to invade and annex parts of Canada. The schooner Ann was seized by the Patriots on January 8 and sailed down to Gibraltar, Michigan. Mason, along with a detachment of 200 militiamen, pursued them in two steamships. A hundred Canadian militia also followed in the steamer Alliance. Mason met with the Patriot leaders at Gibraltar, but the captured steamship Ann continued on toward Fort Malden on the Canadian shore. On January 9, the Patriots began shelling Fort Malden and the town of Amherstburg from the Ann. The Canadian militia took up positions in the town while the Patriots moved 300 men onto the Canadian Bois Blanc Island opposite the town. The Canadian militia opened fire on the schooner when it tried to reach the island. The Canadians shot several of the ship's crew and damaged the sails and rigging. The ship drifted until it ran aground, at which point the Canadian militia boarded it, encountered no resistance, and captured the crew. The remaining Patriot forces quit Bois Blanc for the safety of the American side of the river. Several of the Patriots were wounded, a few killed, and the Canadians captured 300 muskets, 2 cannon, 10 kegs of gunpowder and various accoutrements. The actions of the so-called "Patriots" were charged in the U.S. as a violation of the Neutrality Act.

Rather than risking a contentious campaign and the possibility of an embarrassing defeat in the elections of 1839, Mason instead decided to give up politics and attempt a private law practice. His successor as governor, an old political rival, William Woodbridge, was determined to place the blame for Michigan's financial mess on Mason, and charged Mason with corruption related to the $5,000,000 loan. Mason attempted to defend himself, but his reputation was ruined.

Retirement and death in New York

In 1841, Mason left Michigan for New York City, where his wealthy father-in-law, Thaddeus Phelps, lived. Mason tried to establish a law practice there, but struggled to build a clientele. He caught pneumonia in the winter of 1842 and died at the age of 31 during the night of January 4, 1843, though his date of death is sometimes listed as January 5.

Mason was initially interred at New York Marble Cemetery, but on June 4, 1905, his remains were brought from New York to Detroit, accompanied by his sister Emily Mason, then age 92; his daughter, Dorothy Mason Wright; three grandsons; and several grand-nephews and great-grandchildren. Services were conducted by Rev. David M. Cooper, who had known Mason as governor, 70 years earlier. Other notable attendees included then-Governor Fred M. Warner, and the mayor of Detroit, George P. Codd. His remains were interred at Capitol Park, the site of the old Michigan Capitol. Later, a bronze statue of Mason on a granite pedestal was erected over the grave. The statue was created by sculptor Albert Weinert and depicted the young Mason in a confident pose.

On September 3, 2009, officials announced that the park would be reconfigured and the monument moved several yards. But when the crews began to excavate the site, they discovered no grave. After four days of searching, the vault containing the remains was located on June 29, 2010, a few yards south of its original site. It was believed the grave was moved from its 1905 location in 1955 to make room for a bus terminal.

On the 199th anniversary of his birth, October 27, 2010, Mason was reburied for the fourth time in a newly built vault in the pedestal beneath the bronze statue designed by Albert Weinert. Mason's great-great-great grandnephew, who resides in Grosse Ile, Michigan, witnessed the reinterment. The current Dean of the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, where funeral services were held for Mason in 1843, officiated at the ceremony. Prior to the reinterment, Mason's remains were transported to Lansing where they lay in state in the Capitol Building. Mason was only the third Michigan governor to lie in state in the Capitol.

Among his other accomplishments, Mason created an educational system and relocated the University of Michigan to Ann Arbor.

Marriage and children
Mason married Julia Elizabeth Phelps in New York City on November 1, 1838. The couple had three children:

Stevens Thomson Mason Jr. (August 1, 1839 – January 27, 1843)
Dorothea Eliza Mason Wright (October 29, 1840 – October 4, 1916) Known as Dora, she was the daughter-in-law of Senator William Wright and wife of Colonel Edward H. Wright (1824–1913), a career officer in the United States Army. Dora and Edward Wright were the parents of William M. Wright, a U.S. Army officer who attained the rank of lieutenant general.
Thaddeus Phelps Mason (March 11, 1842–April 1847)

Places named in Mason's honor
 The city of Mason, Michigan, the county seat of Ingham County, where the state capital, Lansing, is located.
 Mason County, Michigan
 Mason Hall at Michigan State University
 Mason Hall at the University of Michigan
 Stevens T. Mason Building in Lansing, Michigan
 Mason Senior High School in Erie Township, Michigan
 Stevens T. Mason Elementary School in Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan
 Stevens T. Mason Middle School in Waterford Township, Michigan
 Mason Elementary School in Detroit, Michigan
 Mason Street in Green Bay, Wisconsin
 Mason Street in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

See also
List of governors of Michigan

References

Bibliography

 {{cite book |last=George |first=Mary Karl |title=The Rise and Fall of Toledo, Michigan . . . the Toledo War |url=https://archive.org/details/risefalloftoledo0000unse/mode/2up |publisher=Michigan Historical Commission |year=1971 |location=Lansing |url-access=registration}}

 Lansing: Franklin DeKleine Company and the Michigan Historical Commission, 1930.
 Lansing, Michigan: Michigan Historical Commission'', 1971.

External links
 Settling a State
 Political Graveyard
 National Governors Association

1811 births
1843 deaths
19th-century American Episcopalians
American people of English descent
Democratic Party governors of Michigan
Governors of Michigan Territory
Mason family
Burials in Michigan
People from Leesburg, Virginia
19th-century American politicians
Burials at New York Marble Cemetery

Stevens T. Mason


Caedwalla, also spelled Cædwalla (c. 659–689), was the King of Wessex from  until his abdication in 688. His name comes from the British name Cadwallon. He was a powerful king and war leader. It was through his efforts that Wessex rose to become the third kingdom, after Northumbria and Mercia, in what would become the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of the heptarchy. Caedwalla was a pagan king who fought for and promoted Christianity.

Early career

Caedwalla was born . He the son of Cenberht (Coenbryht) and the brother of Mul. They were of the royal house of the Gewissae. Caedwalla was a descendant of Cerdic. His father, an underking in Wessex, was killed in 661 when Caedwalla was about two years old. His family took refuge in the great forest of the Weald Caedwalla was apparently one of those trying to claim territory in Wessex after the death of Cenwalh. But he was exiled from Wessex in 680 by Centwine. During that time he had gathered around him a band of warriors. In 685 Caedwalla "began to strive for the kingdom" (or wanted to become king). He repeatedly attacked Sussex and killed king Ethelwalth. Two of the Sussex ealdormen drove Caedwalla out of that kingdom. Still landless, Caedwalla turned his attentions again towards Wessex. This same year Centwine retired to a monastery and abdicated the throne of Wessex.

King of Wessex

By 686 Caedwalla was able to declare himself king. The remaining underkings in Wessex did not oppose him and kept their territories. During the three years Caedwalla reigned over Wessex he was constantly at war. He and his brother Mul ravaged Kent in 686. After subjecting Kent to his rule he left his brother Mul in charge as king of Kent. That summer he attacked Sussex and killed king Berhthun. In 687 the men of Kent rose up against Mul and he was burned with twelve of his companions. They soon restored their own royal line on the throne. Caedwalla invaded a second time and ruled Kent himself. Caedwalla next invaded the Isle of Wight. King Arwald was killed. Caewalla allowed the two young athelings of Wight, Arwald's brothers, to convert to Christianity before executing them. He then began to kill all the inhabitants and replace them with settlers from Wessex. Although still a pagan, he gave several large estates on the Isle of Wight to bishop Wilfrid. It was during his war on the Isle of Wight that Caedwalla was badly wounded. His wound seemed mortal to him. But he had succeeded in conquering most of the south-east of England. In 688 he abdicated the throne of Wessex. He was able to journey to Rome where on Easter day 689, he was baptised by Pope Sergius. About ten days later on 20 April he died and was buried in Rome. He set a precedent for the west Saxon kings who followed him to dominate all of south-east England.

Caedwalla remained a pagan until end of his life. He was a friend of bishop Wilfrid and at times called himself the defender of the church. He granted land for a monastery to an Abbot Ecgbald at Hoo in Kent. His authority in Surrey is demonstrated by a grant of land for an monastery in Farnham. He saw his attempts to remove all the Jutes from the Isle of Wight as a war of Christianity against the pagans. When he left England on his pilgrimage to Rome he stopped at Calais and donated money to build a church there. He did the same at the court of the Lombards before going on to Rome. Caedwalla was succeeded by Ine.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex

650s births
680s deaths
Kings of Wessex

Caedwalla of Wessex


Sing Unto God (also known as the Anthem for the Wedding of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha) (HWV 263), is an anthem composed by George Frideric Handel. It was performed for the royal wedding on 27 April 1736 at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, London with Francesca Cuzzoni-Sandoni, Carlo Broschi "Farinelli", and Francesco Bernardi "Senesino". The text was adapted from verses of Psalms 68, 106 and 128.

Background
The wedding of the twenty-nine-year-old heir to the throne, Frederick Prince of Wales to the seventeen-year-old Princess of Saxe-Gotha, who had arrived in England only two days earlier, was celebrated with great pomp. The press reported on the rehearsal of Handel's anthem:
 Yesterday there was a Practice of a fine Anthem compos'd by Mr. Handel, to be performed at the Nuptials of the Prince of Wales, at Mr Gates's, Master of the Boys belonging to the Chapel Royal, St. James's; the Vocal Parts were perform'd by Mess. Row, Gates, Lee, Abbot, Beard, the Gentlemen of the Chapel, and the Boys. The Instrumental Parts by twenty of His Majesty's Band of Musick, and the same number of performers from Mr. Handel's opera.
The words of the anthem were published in the newspapers. The only comment on the music from someone who was present at the wedding that is known is from the diary of the Earl of Egmont: "Over the altar was placed the organ, and a gallery made for the musicians. An anthem composed for the occasion by Mr. Hendel was wretchedly sung..."

Text and structure

(Alto Soloist, Full Chorus, Orchestra including timpani and solo trumpeter)
Sing unto God, ye Kingdoms of the Earth
O sing Praises unto the Lord.

(Soprano soloist, orchestra)
Blessed are all they that fear the Lord:
O well is thee, and happy shalt thou be.

(Bass soloist, obbligato cello and orchestra)
Thy wife shall be as the fruitful vine
Upon the walls of thine house
Thy children like the olive branches
Round about thy table.

(Fugal chorus with orchestra)
Lo, thus shall the man be blessed
That feareth the Lord
Blessed shall he be
He shall be blessed.

(Tenor soloist, recitative with continuo instruments)
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel
From everlasting to everlasting.

(Tenor soloist, full chorus, orchestra including timpani and solo trumpeter)
And let all the people say
Hallelujah, amen.
Blessed be the lord, Hallelujah, amen.
Praise ye the Lord, Hallelujah, amen.
Blessed be the Lord
From everlasting to everlasting.
Amen, Hallelujah, amen.

Recording
Gillian Fisher (soprano), James Bowman (countertenor), John Mark Ainsley(tenor), Michael George (bass), New College Choir Oxford, The King's Consort, Robert King (conductor). Hyperion Records CDA66315. Released 1989.

References

External links

Anthems by George Frideric Handel
1736 compositions
Frederick, Prince of Wales
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

Sing Unto God (Handel)


Sindhi Bhagat is a Sindhi folk art incorporating song, dance, story and drama.  It is the most popular Sindhi folk form of entertainment.

History
Bhagat developed through the years. Its origin could be traced to the ancient bards who wandered through the countryside singing and narrating the old heroic ballads of the lovers and warriors of the olden times.  The Sindhi Bhagat acquired its distinct form over a century ago, gradually developing into the current popular source of cultural entertainment.  Its performances became more professional and it became a collectively created folk-art form.

Performance
The pivotal character in the performance is the "Bhagat", after whom the art form is named. He is the prime dancer, the storyteller, and the soul of the performance.  The others are the "Boldias" (supporting players) and also the players of musical instruments such as harmonium, tabla, dholak, khanjri, etc., simple rhythmical instruments.

The Bhagat combines the finer qualities of different performing arts in such an effective and appealing order that the audience are kept spellbound for hours together, because the Bhagat is supposed to start late in the evening, when the village or town folk have taken their night meal and are ready to sit till the early hours of the next morning.  Men, women and children partake of the bewitching pleasure of the performance, often sitting through the night.

The Bhagat with his melodious voice, the delicate rhythm of his steps, body movements and very effective dramatised storytelling, keeps the audience glued to their seats without even blinking their eyes throughout the show.  He has a variegated voice, creating different moods – be it pathos, agony, humour, melody, glory, or tragedy as required for the narration.  He moves the hearts of his audience, bringing laughter or tears as the situation demands.

Sindhi Bhagat today
Bhagat is the most important and integral part of Sindhi folk-art, a rich cultural heritage of the Sindhi community and widely acclaimed.  There were once scores of these versatile artists in the countryside as well as in the urban pockets of Sind.  However, after partition of the country this folk art is on the decline due to a variety of reasons, including the influence of electronic mass media and socio-economic compulsion.  However, there are still a few prominent Bhagats who are dedicated and perform occasionally.

[Special thanks to Shri Kirat Babani for giving us this input and information.]

List of influential Sindhi and other Bhagats
The following is an incomplete list of Sindhi Bhagats who are considered to be promoters and preservers of the rich Sindhi heritage and culture:

Arjan Bhagat
Bhagwan Chawla
Ghansho Bhagat
Gobindram Bhagat
Hassaram Bhagat
Khanuram Bhagat
Pratap Bhagat
Pritam Bhagat
Ayaz Ali Bhagat
Prof. Raj Kumar Bhagat

External links
-Megh/Bhagat Samaj living in punjab,Haryana,Himachal,J&k,Rajasthan,Delhi
Sindhi Sangat - A nonprofit organisation promoting Sindhi culture, language and art by way of drama and artist promotion worldwide

Culture of Sindh
Sindhi language
Sindhi folklore
Folk plays
Sindhi culture
Theatre in Sindh

Sindhi bhagat


Fernando Muylaert (July 6, 1976-), is a Brazilian comedian, journalist and television personality.

Biography

Fernando Muylaert was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He began his career at age seven, after winning a camera from his father. At age 16 he joined the school drama club. He worked in radio and TV FAAP and Actors Theatre and  Groundlings. He worked on various video productions as editor, camera and production.

Muylaert was a cast member of the Brazilian version of Saturday Night Live.

In 1998 he debuted at SBT, doing reports for cultural program Pascowich Joyce. While in Australia, he collaborated with H. Luciano Huck on a program led by the Band (Brazilian channel). He worked with Otavio Mesquita in RedeTV (Brazilian channel) producing and presenting the framework INSANE. For two years he presented the Muyloco TV show, which was webcast live. In 2004 he signed with Multishow (Brazilian channel from Globosat), where he led the Vida Loca TV show for 3 seasons, mixing entertainment and information.

In 2010 his stand up comedy show debuted in the United States at Gotham Comedy Club. In 2011 and 2012 he performed at LA Improv and The Comedy Store.

In 2013 hosted "SEM DIREÇÃO" "Without Direction" A crazy Talk Show in a BUS that run in Sao PAulo for MULTISHOW

Teach Comedy Sketch in O_Barco Art School.

Television career

Theater

References

External links
 Official Site (In Portuguese)
  SNL Brazil :pt:Saturday Night Live (Brasil)

Brazilian male stage actors
Living people
1976 births
Brazilian male comedians

Fernando Muylaert


Captain Herbert Edward Oscar Ellis  (15 July 1893 – date of death unknown) was an English World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. On 4 May 1917, after running out of machine gun ammunition, he scored his third victory of the day with pistol fire.

Military service
Ellis was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers on 16 March 1915. He was promoted to lieutenant on 2 May 1916, and was awarded the Military Cross on 18 August 1916, his citation reading:

Temporary Second Lieutenant Herbert Edward Oscar Ellis, Royal Engineers.
For conspicuous gallantry and ability when organising the communications for an attack, and later for keeping them up under a heavy bombardment during the operations.

He was transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, receiving Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate No. 3829 after flying a Maurice Farman biplane at the Military Flying School, Birmingham, on 2 November 1916, and was appointed a flying officer on 7 February 1917.

Posted to No. 40 Squadron flying the Nieuport Scout, Ellis scored four victories during Bloody April 1917, on the 13th, 23rd, 26th, and 28th. On 4 May 1917, he engaged three Albatros D.III fighters over Douai. One he shot down at 500 feet, and sent a second into a crash-landing, but the third got on his tail even as Ellis ran out of machine gun ammunition. He managed to drop below it and emptied his service pistol into it. It fell into a sideslip that tore off its bottom wing, then plunged into a pond. Ellis' final tally was six enemy planes destroyed, and one driven down out of control. Two days after this triple triumph, Ellis was injured in a crash which ended his career as a fighter pilot.

Ellis remained in the RFC, but lost his flying officer status on 19 September 1917, being appointed an Equipment Officer, 3rd class. He was promoted to Experimental Officer, 2nd class (graded as an Equipment Officer, 2nd class) on 1 January 1918, and was promoted to captain in the Technical Branch on 1 April 1918, the same day that the RFC was merged with the Royal Naval Air Service to form the Royal Air Force.

Ellis finally left the RAF, being transferred to the unemployed list on 15 February 1919.

References
Notes

Bibliography

1893 births
Year of death missing
People from Hoxton
Royal Engineers officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
British World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Military Cross

Herbert Ellis (RAF officer)


Aleksandr Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov (, also Alexander Gysiatnikov; born 5 October 1950) is a retired Russian road cyclist. He won the races of Rás Tailteann (1970), Ruban Granitier Breton (1975), Circuit de Saône-et-Loire (1976) and the Tour of Bulgaria (1976). He was part of the Soviet team that won the Peace Race in 1972 and 1975–1978.

After retirement from competition he worked as a coach and between 1985 and 1988 trained the Soviet team. Then for 12 years he was involved with various professional cycling teams. Between 2000 and 2010 he was president and after 2010 vice-president of the Russian Cycling Federation. During that time he was also a member of Union Européenne de Cyclisme. For his achievements he was awarded the Order of Friendship.

He is married and has two sons Mikhail and Konstantin; Mikhail is a martial arts practitioner whereas Konstantin is an ice hockey player.

References

1950 births
Living people
Russian male cyclists
Sportspeople from Orenburg
Soviet male cyclists
Rás Tailteann winners

Aleksandr Gusyatnikov


Barrington Pit is a  geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Barrington in Cambridgeshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site is described by Natural England as of national importance for its mammal fossils, most of which were found around 1900. Species include hippopotamuses, straight-tusked elephants, lions, aurochs and spotted hyenas. They probably date to the warm Eemian period, around 130,000 to 115,000 years ago.

The site is private land, part of which is now covered by housing.

References

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cambridgeshire

Barrington Pit


The harmonic coordinate condition is one of several coordinate conditions in general relativity, which make it possible to solve the Einstein field equations. A coordinate system is said to satisfy the harmonic coordinate condition if each of the coordinate functions xα (regarded as scalar fields) satisfies d'Alembert's equation. The parallel notion of a harmonic coordinate system in Riemannian geometry is a coordinate system whose coordinate functions satisfy Laplace's equation.  Since d'Alembert's equation is the generalization of Laplace's equation to space-time, its solutions are also called "harmonic".

Motivation
The laws of physics can be expressed in a generally invariant form. In other words, the real world does not care about our coordinate systems. However, for us to be able to solve the equations, we must fix upon a particular coordinate system. A coordinate condition selects one (or a smaller set of) such coordinate system(s). The Cartesian coordinates used in special relativity satisfy d'Alembert's equation, so a harmonic coordinate system is the closest approximation available in general relativity to an inertial frame of reference in special relativity.

Derivation
In general relativity, we have to use the covariant derivative instead of the partial derivative in d'Alembert's equation, so we get:

Since the coordinate xα is not actually a scalar, this is not a tensor equation. That is, it is not generally invariant. But coordinate conditions must not be generally invariant because they are supposed to pick out (only work for) certain coordinate systems and not others. Since the partial derivative of a coordinate is the Kronecker delta, we get:

And thus, dropping the minus sign, we get the harmonic coordinate condition (also known as the de Donder gauge after Théophile de Donder):

This condition is especially useful when working with gravitational waves.

Alternative form
Consider the covariant derivative of the density of the reciprocal of the metric tensor:

The last term  emerges because  is not an invariant scalar, and so its covariant derivative is not the same as its ordinary derivative.  Rather,  because , while

Contracting ν with ρ and applying the harmonic coordinate condition to the second term, we get:

Thus, we get that an alternative way of expressing the harmonic coordinate condition is:

More variant forms
If one expresses the Christoffel symbol in terms of the metric tensor, one gets

Discarding the factor of  and rearranging some indices and terms, one gets

In the context of linearized gravity, this is indistinguishable from these additional forms:

However, the last two are a different coordinate condition when you go to the second order in h.

Effect on the wave equation
For example, consider the wave equation applied to the electromagnetic vector potential:

Let us evaluate the right hand side:

Using the harmonic coordinate condition we can eliminate the right-most term and then continue evaluation as follows:

See also
Christoffel symbols
Covariant derivative
Gauge theory
General relativity
General covariance
Holonomic basis
Kronecker delta
Laplace's equation
Laplace operator
Ricci calculus
Wave equation

References

P.A.M.Dirac (1975), General Theory of Relativity, Princeton University Press, , chapter 22

External links
 http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HarmonicCoordinates.html

Coordinate charts in general relativity

Harmonic coordinate condition


Bacerac is a town in Bacerac Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora.

Geography
Bacerac is situated in the northeast of the state and the municipality has boundaries with Bavispe Municipality in the north, with Huachinera in the south, with the state of Chihuahua in the east, and with the municipalities of Nacozari de García and Villa Hidalgo in the west. The municipal seat lies at an elevation of 1,432 meters above sea level.

The area of the municipality is 1,275.8 km2.

Population
The total population was 1,342 in 2005. Most of the inhabitants lived in the municipal seat.

The population has been diminishing since 1995 when it was 1,535. Causes are the lack of employment and the absence of middle-level schools for families to better educate their children.

The territory once was occupied by the Opata people. In 1645, the Jesuit missionary Cristóbal García founded a settlement to which he gave the name of Santa María de Bacerac, which is derived from the Opata language and means "place where water is seen".

Economy
Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and the crops are destined to support the occupation of cattle raising, the herd consisting of approximately 10,000 head of cows.

Sources consulted
INEGI
Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico
Gobierno de Sonora: Bacerac
Map of Sonora

External sources
Bacerac, Ayuntamiento Digital (Official WebSite of Bacerac, Sonora)
Statistics on Bacerac
Sonora Turismo: Bacerac
Map of Bcae

Populated places in Sonora

Bacerac


Joseph John "Joe" Urusemal (born March 19, 1952) is a Micronesian political figure who served as the sixth President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 2003 until 2007.

Urusemal is married to former First Lady Olania Latileilam, who is from Satawal. The couple have four children: B.J., Tarsis, Craig and Elenita.

Early life

Urusemal was born on the island of Woleai in the State of Yap.  He attended secondary school on the island of Chuuk (then called Truk) at Xavier High School, a Jesuit institution.  He would graduate from Xavier in 1976.

Urusemal went on to attend and graduate from Rockhurst University (then called Rockhurst College) in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Administration of Justice from Rockhurst, a Roman Catholic Jesuit university.  Upon graduation, Urusemal accepted a position with the Jackson County, Missouri, government, including the county Department of Corrections until he returned to Micronesia in 1982.

Following his return to Micronesia, Urusemal became a teacher and guidance counselor for the Outer Islands High School on his native Yap.

Political career
Urusemal was elected to four-year term in the Fifth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia in 1987.  He was elected as Yap's at-large representative.  Urusemal rose to leadership positions during his parliamentary career.  He served as  Floor Leader for twelve years during the Seventh until the Twelfth FSM congresses.

During his political career representing Yap, Urusemal served on several congressional committees including Health, Education and Social Affairs and the Judiciary and Governmental Operations committees.

The president and vice president of the Federated States of Micronesia are elected directly by Congress and must be a duly elected member at the time of election. Due to the defeat of the then-incumbent president, Leo Falcam, in the previous elections, Falcam was unable to stand for re-election. On May 11, 2003, Congress elected Urusemal as President and he took office immediately.

On May 11, 2007, the 15th Congress convened. A  new presidential election was held and Manny Mori was elected president. He likewise took office immediately.

External links
Official Biography of Joseph J. Urusemal
Pacific Magazine: Yap Gets FSM Presidency:Urusemal Was A Surprise To Some
Pacific Magazine: FSM: Yap leader is new FSM president
Chuuk's Manny Mori New FSM President

1952 births
Living people
People from Yap State
Presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia
Members of the Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia
Rockhurst University alumni
Federated States of Micronesia Roman Catholics
Federated States of Micronesia expatriates in the United States

Joseph Urusemal


The coat of arms of Iceland has a silver-fimbriated, red cross on blue shield. The supporters are the four protectors of Iceland (landvættir) standing on a pahoehoe lava block. The bull (Griðungur) is the protector of northwestern Iceland, the eagle or griffin (Gammur) protects northeastern Iceland, the dragon (Dreki) protects the southeastern part, and the rock-giant (Bergrisi) is the protector of southwestern Iceland.

Iceland
National symbols of Iceland

Coat of arms of Iceland


Maoism–Third Worldism (MTW) is a broad tendency which is mainly concerned with the infusion and synthesis of Marxism—particularly of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist persuasion—with concepts of non-Marxist Third Worldism, namely dependency theory and world-systems theory.

There is no general consensus on part of Maoist–Third Worldists as a whole. However, the majority of proponents typically argue for the centrality of anti-imperialism to the victory of global communist revolution as well as against the idea that the working class in the First World is majority-exploited (sometimes arguing that it experiences no exploitation at all) and therefore it is not a part of the international  proletariat.

In academic discourse, Maoism–Third Worldism is sometimes synonymous with dependency theory or dependencism.

Theory
Maoism–Third Worldism is theoretically defined by a variety of political principles which emphasize the enormous economic, social and political divisions which exist currently between the "overdeveloped" First World and the "underdeveloped" Third World. This is expressed through the lens of Maoist theory and practice, but brought into a new international understanding of imperialism and class in the context of the world which has been divided into two distinct camps, namely the exploited countries (the Third World) and their exploiters (the First World).

Global people's war
However, the foundations of Maoism–Third Worldism extend to encapsulate a great many strategic and theoretical developments in Marxist theory over the 20th century. Among them is the understanding of a global people's war being necessary as a military strategy for bringing an end to the historically unequal relationship built between the First and Third Worlds. This strategy includes the systematic delinking of the exploited economies of Third World countries from the parasitic First World and the unification of international forces to deprive the imperialist countries of resources and wealth extracted from Third World countries.

Though this strategy has been drawn from several historical sources such as Che Guevara's Message to the Tri-Continental, it has most famously drawn on a quote from Lin Biao's speech Long Live the Victory of People's War! in 1965: Taking the entire globe, if North America and Western Europe can be called 'the cities of the world', then Asia, Africa and Latin America constitute 'the rural areas of the world'. Since World War II, the proletarian revolutionary movement has for various reasons been temporarily held back in the North American and West European capitalist countries, while the people's revolutionary movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America has been growing vigorously. In a sense, the contemporary world revolution also presents a picture of the encirclement of cities by the rural areas. In the final analysis, the whole cause of world revolution hinges on the revolutionary struggles of the Asian, African and Latin American peoples who make up the overwhelming majority of the world's population. The socialist countries should regard it as their internationalist duty to support the people's revolutionary struggles in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Joint-dictatorship of the proletariat of oppressed nations
Also fundamental to Maoism–Third Worldism is an understanding of the joint-dictatorship of the proletariat of oppressed nations (JDPON) and/or global new democratic revolution (GNDR) which is proposed as a form of alter-globalization aimed at breaking the political and economic foundations of the economic parasitism between the First and Third Worlds. The JDPON is a point of relative contention between the various proponents of Maoism–Third Worldism or at least the tendencies which have now been named as falling generally under the Third Worldist tendency within Marxism.

Before Maoism, a similar theory was proposed by Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, who argued for a Colonial International, that would exist independent of, or if necessary, in opposition to the Third International. Galiev stated that a Colonial International would consist of all oppressed nations in Africa, Asia and both South and North America, arguing that the native populations as well as the African populations of the Americas were colonised nations. Galiev argued that this International could possibly need to form a dictatorship over the metropolitan states of America and Europe.

See also
 Non-Aligned Movement
 Third-Worldism
 Third World socialism
 Three Worlds Theory
 Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat

References

Further reading
 Accumulation On A World Scale, Samir Amin.
 Back on Track: The Object of Third Worldism, Klaas V.
 Divided World, Divided Class: Global Political Economy & The Stratification Of Labour Under Capitalism, Zak Cope.
 Eurocentrism and the Communist Movement, Robert Biel.
 Foreign Trade and the Law of Value, Part I, Anwar Shaikh.
 Foreign Trade and the Law of Value, Part II, Anwar Shaikh.
 Imperialism & Unequal Development, Samir Amin.
 The Law Of Worldwide Value (Second Edition), Samir Amin.
 Long Live the Victory of People's War!, Lin Biao.
 Message to the Tricontinental (Two, Three, Many Vietnams), Che Guevara.
 Unequal Exchange and the Prospects of Socialism, Communist Working Group.
 Unequal Exchange, a Study of the Imperialism of Trade, Arghiri Emmanuel.
 Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism, Samir Amin.
 Settlers, the Mythology of the White Proletariat, J. Sakai.
 The Worker Elite: Notes on the "Labor Aristocracy", Bromma.

Maoism
Political theories
Third-Worldism
Imperialism studies

Maoism–Third Worldism


In the parliamentary systems of government, primary legislation and secondary legislation are two forms of law. Primary legislation consists of Acts of Parliament or statute. Secondary legislation (also called delegated legislation) is the granting of additional law-making powers to another branch of government by an Act or statute. In the European Union, primary and secondary legislation are two of the three processes of law. The third is supplementary law which includes International law and covers any gaps between primary and secondary legislation.

Primary legislations
In parliamentary systems, of three branches of government—executive, legislative and judicial—the legislative branch is the most powerful. In other forms of government, such as democracy for example, the three branches of government are equal in power. When a parliament makes a law, called an act, it is binding on the other two branches of government. Acts are made by a majority vote of the legislature. The exact process differs in different parliamentary systems. In a bicameral (two-chamber) system there is usually a lower house (such as the House of Commons in the UK) and an upper house (such as the House of Lords). A new law starts out as a bill, usually in the lower house. It must pass both houses before it can become an act. Other systems use a unicameral or one-chamber legislation. In either system, an act becomes the law. Judges and the courts have almost no authority to challenge the validity of a law.

In the United States, primary legislation is, at the federal level, an Act of Congress. A statute that delegates authority or responsibility to an agency is called an authorizing statute. A law created by the executive branch of the United States Government or that of a state government as the result of primary legislation is called a regulatory law.

Secondary legislation
Secondary (also called subordinate) legislation is all other forms of legislation that are not Acts of Parliament. It is very similar to administrative law in the United States. The legislative branch of governments often delegates power to allow ministers to make secondary legislation. Secondary legislation also includes directives, regulations and decisions by commissions or councils. Most Acts of Parliament in the UK contain provisions to allow secondary legislation.

The two types of secondary legislation are delegated legislation and prerogative legislation.
 Delegated legislation allows other branches of a government to make changes to a law as they become necessary. There is no need to start a new bill in a parliament.
 Prerogative legislation are those powers given to certain officials to create laws, rules or regulations.

References

Legislation

Primary and secondary legislation


Tom Swift Among the Fire Fighters, Or, Battling Flames From the Air, is Volume 24 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.

Plot summary

While Tom and Ned Newton are reviewing financial records, a fire breaks out at the fireworks factory in town. Assisting the firemen, they rescue Josephus Baxter, Mr. Baxter is developing a new dye formula and has hired out laboratory space at the factory. During the mayhem created by the fire and the rescue, Mr. Baxter loses the formula, but he is positive that the owners of the factory have stolen it. Tom feels pity for the man and allows him the use the labs at the Swift Construction Company.

While observing the blaze, Tom wonders if there is not a more efficient way to fight the fire, especially having troubles with multi-storied buildings or skyscrapers. These thoughts lead him to develop a new fire suppressant chemical, and an air-borne system to deliver the new chemicals to the upper stories of skyscrapers.

Tom also rescues a small boat in distress, with the aid of a naphtha launch.

Inventions & Innovation

The bulk of inventions are centered on various chemical compounds which will be used to suppress the fire. Tom has several iterations of a promising chemical, which basically delivers carbon dioxide into the blaze in such quantity as to suffocate the fire in a very short period of time. The formula is contained in special carboys which Tom terms grenades, designed to be dropped (either manually or automatically) from the air.

When the formula is considered ideal, the next step will be to develop a delivery system using airships. A four-passenger airship is built, with sufficient storage to carry an unspecified amount of the fire-fighting grenades. To aid in dropping grenades, Tom builds a bombsight, which, when mechanically adjusted for altitude, air speed, wind, and the weight of the grenades, will permit accurate placement of the grenades over the target.

 Tom Swift Among the Fire Fighters e-text at Project Gutenberg

1921 American novels
Tom Swift
American young adult novels

Tom Swift Among the Fire Fighters


Vauraddeancho Ixtt (Workers' Friend) is a Goan weekly magazine in Romi Konkani. It has been published continuously since 1933 and is one of the oldest publications in the state.

It was started on 4 January 1933 by Fr Arsencio Fernandes and Fr Graciano Moraes in order to protect poor and less educated workers against communist propaganda that they were being exposed to. The charge later passed on from the diocesan priests to the hands of the Society of Pilar.

Vauraddeancho Ixtt started writing on topics such as the comunidade system and the caste system. It has supported various issues since then like the struggle of Ramponkars in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, land grab, falling employment, environmental degradation, concerns of democratic and human rights violations, food and water scarcity and the failing Public Distribution System.

The weekly played a brave role in the support of Goa's freedom struggle, a role that angered the Portuguese who then imposed clamps on the paper. It played the role of a nationalist newspaper that the Portuguese tried to suppress before the Invasion of Goa. It was initially published in Konkani, Portuguese, and English. Currently, it is mainly in Konkani, with a few columns in English.

Vauraddeancho Ixtt gives away awards every year that are conferred upon Konkani writers and on those who contributed significantly to the Konkani language and to Goan culture. Social activists and young Konkani writers who have been associated with the weekly are also felicitated on the occasion.

According to Google Analytics, the online edition of Vauraddeancho Ixtt is read in over 50 countries. It has a circulation of 15,000 copies in Goa, Mumbai, other parts of India and overseas. In 2010, there was a fresh surge in interest in the magazine as it launched a Facebook page which has become very popular.

External links
Vauraddeancho Ixtt website

References

Magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1933
Mass media in Goa
Konkani-language magazines

Vauraddeancho Ixtt


(officially capitalised as JAPAN, Our Homeland) is a Japanese animated film directed by Akio Nishizawa and his second long feature film effort, after his 2004 release Nitaboh, the Shamisen Master. It premiered in 2006 (film festival in Lyon, France), being released theatrically in 2007 in Japan. The film was produced at the animation studio WAO World.

Plot with background
The film is based on an original story by director Nishizawa, who spent his childhood in the setting of the film. The film takes place in the Tokyo neighbourhood of Kiba, where Nishizawa (born in 1942) was a freshman in junior high school in 1956, the year in which the film takes place.

Japan, Our Homeland describes the life in a class of schoolchildren in 6th grade, in an elementary school in Kiba, downtown Tokyo. The year is 1956, some ten years after the end of the Second World War, and people struggle getting by. A telephone at home is still considered a luxury, and the teachers at school are concerned sometimes with what kind of future will await their pupils. The effects of juvenile delinquency are felt within the whole family, and people still mourn their beloved ones gone missing after the war.

In this environment, the school competes for the local choir competition, led by their own musical teacher, Ms. Sakamoto. This competition is seen as one form of bringing pride and togetherness for the school and the local community.

The film starts with a new pupil, Shizu, transferring to the school from her hometown Kobe. The film ends with her in a central position, but in another sort of way. At the end of the film, there is a public announcement about Japan finally being able to become a member of the United Nations, the announcer mentioning the word for their homeland in the international language of English – Japan. Their country is to enter a new era, hopefully one of prosperity.

Cast
 Naoya Sekine (関根直也) as Akira Yanagisawa, class deputy and a bright kid. Afraid of going against the will of the group.
 Maika Kawagushi (河口舞華) as Shizu Miyanaga, transfer student from Kobe. Has studied piano and song for some time. Clever but risking to be an outsider in her new class.
 Subaru Kimura (木村昴) as Gonji "Gon" Abe, a childhood friend of Akira. Sturdily built and the leader of the gang of boys.
 Sayaka Hanamura (花村さやか) as Ms. Rieko Sakamoto, a new teacher at school. Teaching music.
 Seigo Kuwabara (桑原成語) as Yoshio Kawabata, a schoolboy, member of the boy gang.
 Tetsuya Kannami (神南哲也) as Kazuteru "Teru" Yoshimura, a schoolboy, member of the boy gang.
 Kengo Kumagai (熊谷健吾) as Hiroshi "Hakase" Sugiura, a learned schoolboy, member of the boy gang.
 Eri Osonoe (小薗江愛理) as Yayoi Tajima, a schoolgirl.
 Nana Takada (高田奈々) as Hikaru Goto, a schoolgirl.
 Kurumi Honta (本多薫実) as Kimiyo Arima, a schoolgirl.
 Yasuo Iwata (岩田安代) as Mr. Ikeno, the school president.
 Yogi Ueda (上田洋司) as Mr. Akiyama, a school teacher.
 Masaki Terasoma (てらそままさき) as Mr. Takii, a school teacher.
 Masakazu Suzuki (鈴木正和) as Masaki Sakamoto, Ms. Sakamoto's brother. Seven years her senior and a moral mentor to her. Disappeared during World War II, as an airforce pilot.
 Takaya Hashi (土師孝也) as Genji Yanagisawa, Akiras' father. Hard-working carpenter.
 Hikari Yono (よのひかり) as Fukuko Yanasigawa, Akira's mother.
 Rumi Nakamura (中村るみ) as Kazuko Yanagisawa, Akira's elder sister.
 Kanon Nagashima (永嶌花音) as Reiko Yanagisawa, Akira's younger sister.
 Ikkyu Juku (塾一久) as Shizu's father
 Keiko Sonoda (園田恵子) as Shizu's mother
 Yasuko Hatori (羽鳥靖子) as Owner of Miki stationery store
 Eri Saito (斎藤恵理) as Mrs. Aoki, Akira's neighbour.
 Sayuri Sadaoka (定岡小百合) as Mrs. Shimazu, the landlady, often lending (not always happily) her telephone to the Yanagawas.
 Yuko Kobayashi (小林優子) as Announcer at the choir competition

Production notes

12 December 2003 – The production team meets for the first time. They try to visualise Japan in 1956 and talk about the late Yasujirō Ozu, whose films often depict this very era. Coincidentally, the centenary of the birth of Ozu is celebrated this very day.
7 & 20 February 2004 – Development of some of the main characters of the story.
20 February 2004 – Meeting with Mr. Tsutomu Aragai, slated to sing the opening theme of the film.
End of March to July 2004 – Production of storyboards. 1,000 frames of storyboard produced, for a 90-minute long theatrical film.
23 & 25 July 2004 – Recording of Doyo, Japanese traditional children's song.
23 & 25 July 2004 – Creation of animation cels are under way. Some 30 animators are to produce 50,000 hand-drawn cels, based upon the 1,050 storyboard frames.
April 2005 – Colour selection, deciding the colours for the characters' skin tone and clothes, as well as for the sky and other landscape colours.
13–15 October 2005 – The process of photographing all the hand-drawn cels. What remains is the mixing of the film with the sound of voices and the orchestra.
18–25 October 2005 – Recording of the music for the film.
November 2005 – Recording of the dubbing of all the characters' voices.

Release
The first public screening of the film was at the Asian Connection (Festival de Cinéma Asiatique) in November 2006. The festival was held 7–13 November in Lyon, France. Then it had already been pre-screened at the film market of the 11th Pusan International Film Festival the month before. On 7 April 2007, the film debuted as a roadshow in 10 cities across Japan.

Home media
The film has been released on DVD or similarly in:
Japan
France (3 September 2008, as La Chorale, Kazé Éd., EAN: 3700091012988)
Germany (by Kazé Germany)
Italy (by ADC Group)
Poland (15 May 2008, as Japonia – moja ojcyzna)
Taiwan (by Mighty Media Co., Ltd)

Awards and nominations
The film won the Junior Jury Award (Prix du Jeune Public) as well as the Public Award for Best Animated Film (Prix du Public du Film d'Animation) at the 12th Festival du Film Asiatique de Lyon. The prizes were awarded at 12 November 2006.

See also
 Post-occupation Japan
 My Neighbor Totoro (also depicting Japan in the 1950s)
 Mai Mai Miracle (see above)
 Only Yesterday (another slice-of-life post-war anime about coming of age)
 From up on Poppy Hill (see above)

References

External links

2006 anime films
2006 films
Films set in Japan
Films set in 1956
Japanese animated films

Japan, Our Homeland


The Manifesto of Czech writers (Czech, Manifest českých spisovatelů) was the first public declaration in favour of the self-determination of the Czech nation during the First World War. It was published in May 1917. The declaration was directed at the Czech deputies at the Imperial Council in Vienna, the Parliament of the Austrian parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The principal author was Jaroslav Kvapil (1868–1950), director of the Czech National Theatre in Prague, and the manifesto was signed by over two hundred Czech writers, journalists and scientists. It proposed that Czech members of the Imperial Council should either declare their support for the concept of Czech autonomy or else should resign their seats.

Manifesto was signed by Jindřich Šimon Baar, Otokar Březina, Josef Čapek, Karel Čapek, Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod, Jakub Deml, Viktor Dyk, Vladimír Helfert, Jan Herben, Adolf Heyduk, Alois Jirásek, Jan Kapras, Jan Klecanda, Karel Klostermann, Eliška Krásnohorská, Kamil Krofta, Petr Křička, Jaroslav Kvapil, Jiří Mahen, Josef Svatopluk Machar, Marie Majerová, Helena Malířová, Alois Mrštík, Zdeněk Nejedlý, Arne Novák, Ivan Olbracht, Emanuel Rádl, Karel Václav Rais, Antonín Sova, Antal Stašek, František Xaver Svoboda, Růžena Svobodová, František Xaver Šalda, Anna Marie Tilschová and others.

Notes

Czech nationalism
1910s in Czechoslovakia
1917 documents

Manifesto of Czech writers