Naumann is a Central German variation of the surname Neumann. Notable people with the surname include:

 Albert Naumann (1875–1952), German Olympic fencer
 Alexander Naumann (1837–1922), German chemist
 Christian August Naumann (1705–1766), German architect
 Cilla Naumann (born 1960), Swedish journalist
 Einar Naumann (1891–1934), Swedish botanist
 Erich Naumann (1905–1951), German Nazi SS-Brigadeführer and Einsatzgruppe commander, executed for war crimes
 Ernst Naumann (1832–1910), German composer
 Francis Naumann, a scholar, curator, and art dealer, specializing in the art of the Dada movement and the Surrealist periods
 Friedrich Naumann (1860–1919), German theologian and politician
 Friedrich Naumann Foundation, German foundation for liberal politics
 Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann (1797–1873), German geologist
 Naumann (crater), a lunar impact crater named after him
 Günther Naumann (born 1941), German skier
 Hans Naumann (1886–1951), German literary historian
 Heinrich Edmund Naumann (1854–1927), German geologist
 Horst Naumann (born 1925), German actor
 Johann Andreas Naumann, German farmer and an amateur naturalist
 Johann Christoph von Naumann, German architect
 Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857), German ornithologist
 Johann Gottlieb Naumann (1741–1801), German composer
 Joseph Fred Naumann (born 1949), American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
 Kerstin Naumann (born 1981), German rower
 Klaus Naumann (born 1939), German general, who was General Inspector of the German military from 1991 to 1996
 Max Naumann (1875–1939), initiator of the League of National German Jews
 Michael Naumann (born 1941), German politician, journalist and publicist
 Peter Naumann (born 1941), German sailor
 Robert Naumann (1862–1926), American politician
 Werner Naumann (1909–1982), German politician

Nauman is a variant and may refer to:
 Bruce Nauman (born 1941), contemporary American artist
 Theodor Nauman (1885–1947), Swedish water polo player

See also
Numan (disambiguation)
Nu'man
Naumann (crater), a crater on the Moon

German-language surnames

Naumann


The Life and Death of Mr. Badman: An Analysis of a Wicked Man's Life, as a Warning For Others, Presented to the World in a Familiar Dialogue Between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive is a 1680 book by John Bunyan. It was designed as a companion to The Pilgrim's Progress and was published by Nathaniel Ponder. The two characters have a dialogue about sin and redemption over the course of a long day.

Background and plot

In his preface titled "The Author to the Reader," Bunyan announces that Mr Badman is a pseudonym for a real man who is dead. Mr Badman's relatives and offspring continue to populate Earth, which "reels and staggereth to and fro like a Drunkard, the transgression thereof is heavy upon it." In a mock eulogy, Bunyan says Mr Badman did not earn four themes commonly part of a funeral for a great man. First, there is no wrought image that will serve as a memorial, and Bunyan's work will have to suffice. Second, Mr Badman died without Honour, so he earned no badges and scutcheons. Third, his life did not merit a sermon. Fourth, no one will mourn and lament his death. Bunyan then describes the sort of Hell awaiting Mr Badman, citing Scripture. He said he published it to address the wickedness and debauchery that had corrupted England, as was his duty as a Christian, in hopes of delivering himself "from the ruins of them that perish."

Influence

Bunyan acknowledged the work was influenced by a work by Essex minister Arthur Dent (Puritan) titled The Plaine Man's Pathway to Heaven, which was set up as a dialogue between Theologus and Philagathus. That work also had other characters, including Asunetus and Antilegon. Scholar Frank Wadleigh Chandler described it as a "Puritan romance of roguery,"  Scholar James Blanton Warey described it as an English precursor to the novel, especially the picaresque novel.

John Brown of Bedford came out with a version for Cambridge University Press in 1905 that included Bunyan's The Holy War.

References

External links

The Life and Death of Mr Badman via Project Gutenberg

1680 books
Books by John Bunyan

The Life and Death of Mr Badman


Harvest Christian College is an interdenominational Christian school located in Kadina, South Australia. Originally called Harvest Christian School, the name was changed in 2016. It serves over 300 students from Reception to year 12. The school is affiliated with Christian Schools Australia (CSA) Ltd and the Association of Independent Schools of South Australia and is registered by the Non-Government Schools Registration Board.

The Copper Triangle Christian School Association was officially formed on 3 February 1997. Almost three years to that day on 31 January 2000 Harvest Christian School opened its doors to students for the first time.

References

External links
Harvest Christian College

High schools in South Australia
Primary schools in South Australia
Private schools in South Australia

Harvest Christian School


Onisifor Ghibu (May 31, 1883 – October 3, 1972) was a Romanian teacher of pedagogy, member of the Romanian Academy, and politician.

Biography

Early life
Born into a peasant family in Szelistye (now Săliște, Romania), near Nagyszeben (now Sibiu, Romania), in Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary, then part of Austria-Hungary. He attended the Hungarian language high school in Nagyszeben and then the Romanian language gymnasium in Brassó (now Braşov, Romania). Afterwards, he continued his studies at the Romanian Orthodox Seminary in Nagyszeben, where he received stipends for study at the University of Bucharest and the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest. He also studied in Strasbourg and received his doctorate in Philosophy and Pedagogy from the University of Jena in 1909.

World War I and interwar

In 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, Ghibu fled to the Old Kingdom and, after Romania joined the Entente side in 1916, the Hungarian Military Tribunal in Kolozsvár (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania) sentenced him to death in absentia for desertion.

In December 1916, after the occupation of Bucharest by the Central Powers, he and his family took refuge at Iaṣi. In March 1917, he moved to Bessarabia, which was part of the Russian Empire after 1812 (before 1812 it was part of Moldavia).

Throughout the Romanian Campaign and the Russian Revolution, Ghibu was active in the national Romanian movement which eventually led to the creation of a Moldavian Democratic Republic, which joined Greater Romania.

Between 1919 and 1940, he was a professor at the Universitatea "Daciei Superioare" / Universitatea "Regele Ferdinand I" Cluj (now Babeş-Bolyai University), which he helped set up, together with Sextil Pușcariu. Onisifor Ghibu, also organized, the educational system for all education levels, in Romanian language, in Bessarabia from 1917 - where since 1867 the Romanian language education was abolished in all public schools - and in Transylvania from 1919.

Life under communism
Upon the close of World War II, with the outbreak of Soviet occupation, Ghibu was arrested on March 22, 1945, and subsequently imprisoned in the internment camp at Caracal, where he spent 222 days.

After the establishment of the communist regime in Romania, he was again arrested (December 10, 1956), and initially sentenced to 5 years in prison for organizing a rally of students at the seminary, which was inspired by the Hungarian Revolution and deemed an "action against the democratic people's regime of the People's Republic of Romania". Incarcerated successively in the prisons of Văcăreşti, Sibiu and Făgăraș, he was released after 2 years, on January 13, 1958. He continued to write, his death leaving tens of thousands of pages of manuscripts, mostly memoirs.
He died in Sibiu, October 31, 1972.

References

External links
 Ilarion Ţiu, "A cui este ţara aceasta?", in Jurnalul Naţional, August 29, 2005
 Onisifor Ghibu at the Sighet Memorial

1883 births
1972 deaths
People from Săliște
Romanian Austro-Hungarians
Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Romania
Academic staff of Babeș-Bolyai University
Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy
People sentenced to death in absentia
Romanian people of World War I
Politicians of the Moldavian Democratic Republic
University and college founders

Onisifor Ghibu


Uru ni urutonde rw'abantu b'ibyamamare mu Rwanda.

Abasirikale
 Théoneste Bagosora (b. 1941), military officer convicted in 2008 of genocide
 Bernard Ntuyahaga (en)
 Kayumba Nyamwasa, former army chief of staff and head of Intelligence (en)
 James Kabarebe, current minister of defense
 Patrick Nyamvumba, current RDF chief of staff (en)
 Augustin Bizimungu (en)
 Innocent Sagahutu (en)

Abanyapolitiki
 Agathe Uwilingiyimana (1953-1994)
 Jean-Paul Akayesu (b. 1953), politician convicted in 1998 of genocide (en)
 Jean Bosco Barayagwiza (en)
 Christophe Bazivamo, Minister of Land and Environment (en)
 Augustin Bizimana (b. 1954), politician, fugitive of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (en)
 Jean-Damascène Bizimana, former Rwandan ambassador to the UN (en)
 Augustin Bizimungu (b. 1952), politician on trial for genocide (en)
 Pasteur Bizimungu, former President of Rwanda
 Anastase Gasana, diplomat (en)
 Juvénal Habyarimana (1937 –1994), former President of Rwanda
 Jean Marie Higiro, former Director of the Rwandan Information Office (en)
 Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda
 Jean Kambanda (b. 1955), former Prime Minister; pleaded guilty in 1998 to genocide
 Judith Kanakuze (1959–2010), politician and women's rights activist (en)
 Janvier Kanyamashuli, ambassador to Burundi (en)
 Grégoire Kayibanda (1924 –1976), former President of Rwanda
 Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda
 Dominique Mbonyumutwa, former provisional President of Rwanda
 Charles Munyaneza (b. 1958), genocide suspect (en)
 Ignace Murwanashyaka (b. 1963), leader of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (en)
 Landoald Ndasingwa (??? –1994) , former leader of Parti libéral du Rwanda
 André Ntagerura (en)
 Jean de Dieu Ntiruhungwa, former Minister of the Interior (en)
 Seth Sendashonga, former Minister of the Interior (en)
 André Kagwa Rwisereka (1949–2010), opposition politician murdered during the 2010 election (en)
 Théodore Sindikubwabo, (1928 –1998) former President of the National Development Council (en)
 Pascal Simbikangwa, former Chief of Intelligence, found guilty of complicity in genocide and complicity in crimes against humanity (en)
 Faustin Twagiramungu, former Prime Minister of Rwanda (en)
 Agathe Uwilingiyimana, former Prime Minister of Rwanda (en)
 Protais Zigiranyirazo (en)
 Juvénal Uwilingiyimana (1951 –2005) (en)

Abanyamadini
 Elizaphan Ntakirutimana (1924–2007), Seventh-day Adventist pastor (en)
 Athanase Seromba (b. 1963), priest (en)
 Laurien Ntezimana (b. 1955), theologian and peace activist (en)
 Paul Gitwaza (b.1971), preacher and televangelist (en)

Abakinnyi b'imikino ngororamubiri

 Dieudonné Disi (b. 1980), long-distance and cross-country runner (en)
 Adrien Niyonshuti (b. 1987), cyclist (en)
 Mathias Ntawulikura (b. 1964), long-distance runner (en)

Miscellaneous
 Simon Bikindi (1954–2018), singer-songwriter convicted in 2008 of inciting violence during the 1994 genocide (en)
 Agathe Habyarimana, widow of former President Juvénal Habyarimana (en)
 Charles Ingabire, journalist and government critic, murdered in 2011 (en)
 Félicien Kabuga (b. 1933), businessman (en)
 Enos Kagaba (b. 1954), accused of genocide (en)
 Joseph Kavaruganda, former president of Rwanda's Constitutional Court (en)
 Léon Mugesera, university lecturer accused of inciting genocide (en)
 Ferdinand Nahimana, historian (en)
 Samuel Ndashyikirwa, businessman (en)
 Hassan Ngeze (b. 1962), journalist (en)
 Étienne Nzabonimana (b. 1950), businessman (en)
 Sonia Rolland, former Miss France (en)
 Queen Rosalie Gicanda,(1928 –1994) wife of King Mutara III of Rwanda (en)
 Jean-Léonard Rugambage, reporter and government critic, murdered in 2010 (en)
 Paul Rusesabagina (b. 1954), hotel manager known for saving refugees in the 1994 genocide (en)
 Benjamin Sehene (b. 1959), author (en)

Imiyoboro

Urutonde rw'Abanyarwanda


Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry is a 2005 American animated action-adventure comedy film featuring the cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Turner Entertainment Co., it is the third made-for-video Tom and Jerry film. Alongside Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars (also written and directed by Bill Kopp), the release of the film coincided with the 65th anniversary of the cat-and-mouse team's debut in 1940.

The Fast and the Furry was first released theatrically in selected cities of the United States by Kidtoon Films on September 3, 2005. The film was then released on both VHS (making it the final Tom and Jerry film to be released in that format) and DVD on October 11, 2005, and on Blu-ray on April 5, 2011.

Plot
Tom and Jerry are evicted from their house by Tom's owner after they destroy it during one of their usual chases. Upon seeing an ad for a reality race show titled the "Fabulous Super Race", Tom and Jerry build their customized vehicles from a nearby junkyard before heading to Globwobbler Studios in Hollywood, California, to enter themselves in the race.

The other racers in the line include elderly Grammy and her aggressive pet dog Squirty; dark lord and florist Gorthan; superstar Steed Dirkly; single mother of four children Soccer Mom; and research scientist Dr. Professor, eliminated before the race after antimatter accidentally vaporizes him and his vehicle, leaving Tom and Jerry more room to race against the other enemies.

The race begins in Hollywood, where Grammy takes an early lead, but Steed overtakes her late in the leg. Upon the racers arriving at the finish line in Mexico, the evil head of Globwobbler Studios, Jacques Wren—nicknamed J.W. for short, decides to extend the race to the Amazonian jungle due to high public ratings. During the race through the jungle, Tom switches a sign indicating the road the racers should take, hoping to get Jerry eliminated from the race. However, his tactic has resulted in the elimination of Soccer Mom as her minivan sinks into quicksand. She then informs Jerry of which path to take, allowing him to continue racing. Steed wins again, while Grammy follows him in second, but J.W. still wants to continue due to the high ratings. Hosts Biff Buzzard and Buzz Blister announce that the next leg of the race will begin in Antarctica and that the racers will have to modify their vehicles for ocean travel.

On the way to Antarctica, Steed's vehicle sinks, causing his elimination before he falls for a villainous mermaid on a small island, who proceeds to feed him to her offspring. The first contestant to reach Antarctica is Gorthan, also eliminated after Biff and Buzz goads him into licking a metal pole. He is left adrift along with his vehicle on an iceberg as he struggles to free his tongue. As Tom, Jerry, and Grammy arrive, Grammy is eliminated when a whale accidentally swallows her and Squirty, thanks to Tom's machinations. J.W. then notifies the hosts that the racers will have to modify their vehicles again for underwater travel to Australia. While racing underwater, Tom faces several problems. Seals take over his car, and his fish juice spray attracts sharks, ultimately eliminating him when he crashes into a large concrete block and an anchor crushes him.

Upon arriving in Australia, Jerry then continues racing across Australia to Borneo, where the finish line got reassigned. Grammy and Squirty return to the race when the whale spits them out. Tom also returns after Irving rescues him under J.W.'s orders and saws Australia in half to get in the lead.

The next leg of the race involves the racers modifying their vehicles with balloons for air travel to Borneo. During the leg, Tom inadvertently pops all of Grammy's balloons while attempting to attack a sneaky Jerry, resulting in Grammy's elimination once again when she and Squirty fall to their deaths upon bickering over what they thought was a parachute. J.W. then announces that the true final leg of the race is back to Hollywood, which will involve them traveling back to the finishing point with high-speed jet planes in only five minutes due to the race taking too long. Tom and Jerry proceed anyway and race through several prominent locations in Asia, Europe, the Atlantic, and the U.S., causing massive yet comedic destruction to numerous monuments, such as the Great Wall of China and Saint Basil's Cathedral, in the process. Their jets crumble and shatter near the finish line, with both Tom and Jerry ultimately finishing the race in a tie.

Although they both technically won as they finished the race tied, J.W. claims that, according to the contract, if a tie occurred, a tiebreaker would have to occur through another race. Not wanting to go through the entire ordeal again, Tom and Jerry viciously attack him and seize the mansion's keys before walking away. An angry and disoriented J.W. then declares that Hollywood stands for family entertainment. The pharaoh-like President of Hollywood appears to eliminate J.W. for his inappropriate change of heart, while Irving becomes the new head of Globwobbler Studios. Tom and Jerry share their new mansion peacefully for a brief moment, until Tom's owner shows up and orders Tom to chase Jerry, reigniting their rivalry.

Voice Cast
 Bill Kopp as Tom Cat & Frank
 John DiMaggio as J.W. Globwobbler & Spike the Bulldog
 Charlie Adler as Grammy
 Jeff Bennett as Steed Dirkly & TV Announcer
 Jess Harnell as Buzz Blister & Film Director
 Tom Kenny as Gorthan the Destroyer of Light & Whale
 Tress MacNeille as Mallory "Soccer Mom" McDoogle, Tour Girl, Tom's Owner & Mermaid Monster
 Rob Paulsen as Irving & Dave
 Frank Welker as Seals & Sharks
 Billy West as Biff Buzzard, President of Hollywood & Squirty
 J. Grant Albrecht as Clown-O & Security Guard
 Thom Pinto as Computer Voice & Guard
 Neil Ross as Dr. Professor & Director

Additional Voices (uncredited)
 Vicki Lewis
 Stephen Root
 Charlie Schlatter
 Renna Nightingale
 Dee Bradley Baker as Jerry Mouse

Production
According to Bill Kopp, the film's director and writer (and voice of Tom), the film was conceived and scripted in 2003 alongside Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars, with work on the film's animation taking place between November 2003 and March 2005.

Widescreen
This was the second Tom and Jerry film to be filmed in widescreen and the first one to be filmed in the high-definition format, although the Region 1 DVD and the U.S. version of Boomerang were in full screen (cropping the left and right of the image), though not pan and scan as the camera stays directly in the center of the image. Like other films and television series filmed in widescreen, the monitor the animation team would have worked from would have 16:9 and 4:3 safe areas so that the full screen version would not crop off too much of the important visual elements (such as characters). However, the film is broadcast in widescreen on Cartoon Network in the United States and released in widescreen on the Region A Blu-ray.

Reception
Renee Schonfeld of Common Sense Media gave the film two stars out of four, saying "Unlike some of the wittier spoofs Tom & Jerry have starred in, this one is less clever and more straightforwardly devoted to thrills and spills."

Follow-up film
Tom and Jerry: Shiver Me Whiskers was released on August 22, 2006.

References

External links

2005 films
2000s English-language films
2005 animated films
2005 action comedy films
2005 direct-to-video films
2000s chase films
2000s comedy road movies
2000s buddy comedy films
2000s adventure comedy films
2000s children's comedy films
2000s American animated films
2000s children's animated films
American direct-to-video films
American chase films
American auto racing films
American comedy road movies
American buddy comedy films
American action comedy films
American adventure comedy films
American slapstick comedy films
American children's animated action films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated comedy films
Animated films about dogs
Animated films about auto racing
Animated films about revenge
Films about television
Films about competitions
Films directed by Bill Kopp
Films scored by Nathan Wang
Animated films based on animated series
Animated films set in Asia
Animated films set in Antarctica
Animated films set in Australia
Animated films set in Europe
Animated films set in Mexico
Animated films set in South America
Animated films set in England
Animated films set in jungles
Animated films set in the United States
Films set in studio lots
Tom and Jerry films
Films about treasure hunting
Warner Bros. Animation animated films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films
Animated films set in China
Animated films set in Russia

Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry


Delbert W. Yocam (born December 24, 1943) is a former US chairman and CEO of Borland, former president, COO and director of Tektronix and a former Apple Computer executive. At Apple, during the 1980s, Yocam ran the Apple II group and later became Apple's first chief operating officer (COO). He served on the board of directors at Adobe Systems.

Education
Yocam has a master's degree in business administration and a bachelor's degree from California State University and was honored as a "distinguished alumnus" in 1988 and 1999. He completed Directors' College at Stanford Law School in 1996 and 2003, and also at the University of Delaware in 2005. Yocam also completed Harvard's Executive Education program "Making Corporate Boards More Effective" at Harvard Business School in 2005.

Career
Yocam started his business career with management positions at the Ford Motor Company in the 1960s and moved into technology in the 1970s. Prior to his ten years at Apple Computer, Inc., Yocam held positions with Control Data Corp., Computer Automation, Inc., and the Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp.

He joined Apple Computer in 1979 as vice president of manufacturing and operations. He was the executive vice president and general manager of the Apple II group from 1983 until 1985. From 1986 until 1988, he served as executive vice president and Apple's first chief operating officer (COO). After three years as COO, Yocam became president of Apple Pacific. In this position, Yocam was responsible for strengthening Apple's markets in Canada, Australia, and Japan, while investing in emerging markets in the Far East and Latin America. He retired from Apple on his tenth anniversary in 1989.

Yocam was president, chief operating officer (COO), and a board director of Tektronix, Inc. He joined the Beaverton, Oregon, manufacturer of test and measurement equipment, computer graphics products, and television systems in 1992. He is credited with turning around the company, providing eight consecutive quarters of improved core operating income and with refocusing the company's research and development spending, so that more than 50 percent of revenues came from new products, compared with 22 percent in 1991. He was originally tapped to replace the CEO, Jerry Meyer, on Meyer's retirement, but when Meyer put those plans on hold, Yocam quit. His three-year contract was completed in 1995.

Yocam was chairman and CEO of Borland International, Inc., Scotts Valley, California, a provider of software and services from 1996 through 1999. He resigned after the acquisition of Visigenics Software was completed in 1999 and the company posted a $10.5 million loss for the 3rd quarter.

Board positions
Yocam served on the board of directors of Adobe Systems Inc. (1991–2009), Oracle Corp. (1992–1997)
, Softricity, Inc. (2001–2006) (acquired by Microsoft, Inc. in 2006), Xircom, Inc. (1996–2001) (acquired by Intel Corp. in 2001), Raster Graphics, Inc. (1995–1999), Hollywood Park, Inc. (1997–1998), Boomtown, Inc. (1995–1997) (acquired by Hollywood Park, Inc. in 1997), Integrated Measurement Systems, Inc. (1995–1997), Sapiens International Corp. (1995–1997), and AST Research, Inc. (1992–1995).

Yocam served on the board of directors of The Tech Museum of Innovation (1987–1990, Vice Chairman 1989–1990) on the national board of directors of the American Electronics Association (1989), and on the special advisory council to the Office of Technology Assessment of the United States Congress (1986–1988).

References

Further reading
 A Conversation with Del Yocam – Nathan Bennett & Stephen A. Mile (pg. 110–115), Riding Shotgun, the Role of the COO (2006) , Stanford Business Books
 Miracle Men – Kenny MacIver & Robert L. Glass (pg. 13–20), Computing Calamities: Lessons Learned From Products, Projects, and Companies that Failed (1998) , Prentice Hall PTR

External links
 MacObserver – A Look Back At Apple People & Apple History
 DevX Interview

1943 births
American chief operating officers
Apple Inc. executives
Businesspeople from Oregon
California State University, Fullerton alumni
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Living people
Tektronix people
University of Delaware alumni

Del Yocam


The Book of Abraham is a historical novel written by Marek Halter that documents the history (both factual and fictional) of his Jewish family. Although the early parts of the book are fictional, those parts taking place after the fifteenth century factually document the history of Marek Halter's family.

Plot summary
The book begins in AD 70 in Jerusalem during the siege of the city by the Romans just prior to the destruction of the Second Temple. Abraham, a Jewish scribe, his wife and two sons live in Jerusalem and have survived the siege. On the day when the Romans breach the city walls and set fire to the Second Temple, Abraham and his family successfully escape Jerusalem only to be stopped by a Roman platoon. The Roman soldiers incapacitate Abraham and rape and murder his wife. Abraham and his sons are later freed, but he is forced to surrender his scrolls to a Roman commander.

At this point, Abraham begins a scroll that documents his family's journeys (the so-called "Book of Abraham", around which the story revolves) and lists his sons and their descendants. Each successive generation after Abraham dies adds on to the Book of Abraham, which continues to the point when the original scroll is lost and to the end of the book when Marek Halter's grandfather dies during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

From Jerusalem, the family moves, over the course of nearly 2000 years, to cities such as Carthage, Hippo, Rome, Toledo, Cordoba, Narbonne, Troyes, Strasbourg, Constantinople, Amsterdam, Lublin, Odessa, and Warsaw.

In both the fictional and factual parts of the book, the story coincides with many notable historical events, including the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Islamic conquests, the Inquisition, the Black Plague, the French Revolution, and World War II, as well as telling the story from the point of view of the Jews during the early to late Middle Ages, Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, and the early Twentieth century (i.e., showing the segregation and hardships faced by the Jews after their expulsion from Palestine).

Awards
The Book of Abraham won the Prix Maison de la Presse and the Prix du Livre Inter.

In popular culture
The book inspired the identically titled song written by Jean-Jacques Goldman and performed by Celine Dion, La Memoire d'Abraham, in its original French version. No- it was about the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City and the fight between the French and English.

References

External links
 (digitised)

1986 novels
Historical novels
Family saga novels
Novels about rape
Jewish novels

The Book of Abraham (novel)


The 1956 Open Championship was the 85th Open Championship, held 4–6 July at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. Two-time defending champion Peter Thomson of Australia won his third consecutive Open, three strokes ahead of runner-up Flory Van Donck of Belgium. It was the third of five Open titles for the 26-year-old Thomson.

Qualifying took place on 2–3 July. Entries played 18 holes on the Championship course and 18 holes at Wallasey. With a record 360 entries it was decided that, for the first time, qualifying would be in groups of three rather than the usual two. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100. Ties for 100th place would not qualify. The qualifying score was 152 and 96 players qualified. Gary Player and Peter Thomson led the qualifiers on 140. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was set at 50. Ties for 50th place did not make the cut. Prize money was unchanged with £1,000 for the winner out of a total purse of £3,750.

Round summaries

First round
Wednesday, 4 July 1956

Second round
Thursday, 5 July 1956

Amateurs: Carr (+8), Sharp (+12), Jones (+12), Tate (+14), Shepperson (+17), Thirlwell (+18), Fogarty (+21).

Third round
Friday, 6 July 1956 - (morning)

Final round
Friday, 6 July 1956 - (afternoon)

Amateur: Carr (+22).

References

External links
Royal Liverpool 1956 (Official site)

The Open Championship
Golf tournaments in England
Sport in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Open Championship
Open Championship
Open Championship

1956 Open Championship


The vestararius was the manager of the medieval Roman Curia office of the vestiarium (cf. the Byzantine imperial wardrobe and treasury, the vestiarion), responsible for the management of papal finances as well as the papal wardrobe. The vestiarium is mentioned as the papal treasury as early as the seventh century, during the period of Byzantine cultural hegemony in the West called the "Byzantine Papacy", but the vestararius itself is attested to only from the eighth century.

Along with the highest financial officers arcarius and the sacellarius, the vestararius was one of the three most important staff officials of the Lateran Palace (the palatini). By the ninth century, the vestararius was a member of the papal household second only to the seven judges, while the other two offices figured among the "seven judges of the palace" who constituted the core of the papal court. While the other offices were responsible for the collection and dispensation of papal assets, respectively, the vestararius was responsible for guarding the wealth, possibly depositing in the wardrobe along with the papal vestiments. The vestararius was also responsible for the written financial archives and accounts, and may have received and distributed some sums independently of the other offices.

By 813, the vestararius was seated beside the pope in the Palace in giving judgement and in 875 was sent as an embassy to the Holy Roman Emperor. Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, who for all intents and purposes ran the temporal affairs of the papacy during the saeculum obscurum of the first half of the tenth century, was a holder of the office of vestararius. His wife, Theodora, held the extraordinary position of vestararissa.

The financial administration of the papacy as a whole began to be referred to as a camera in 1017, but the name change may not have been of any real significance. The last known reference to the office of vestararius appears in 1033. There is no concrete evidence of continuity between the vestararius and the camerarius, which is referred to for the first time in 1099, although their functions are nearly the same. Either office (or both) may have existed during this period, or the responsibilities may have fallen to some third office, often hypothesized to have been filled by Hildebrand.

Notes

References
Lunt, William E. 1950. Papal Revenues in the Middle Ages. Columbia University Press. 2 Vols.

Economic history of the Holy See
History of the Roman Curia
Medieval economics
Officials of the Roman Curia

Vestararius


Wan Abu Yazid Bustami bin Wan Mokhter (born 27 June 1989) is a Malaysian professional footballer. He last played for Perak FA in the Malaysian Super League. He is left-sided midfielder.

Wan Abu Yazid is a product of the Perak FA youth system. He is a regular for the FAM President's Cup team and was part of their championship-winning batch of 2007. He made his first ever appearance for Perak in a 5-0 demolition of Sarawak FA on 1 January 2008. He played the full 90 minutes of that match.

Wan Abu Yazid made his second appearance as a substitute against Pahang FA on 19 January 2008. He scored his first senior goal on 26 January in a match against PDRM FC which ended 6-0.

Wan Abu Yazid were not retained in Perak squad for the 2009 season.

References

1989 births
Living people
Malaysian men's footballers
Perak F.C. players
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Men's association football midfielders

Wan Abu Yazid Bustami


The Italian Baptist Church is a historic church at 10 North Brook Street in the city of Barre, Vermont.  Built in 1906-08 largely with volunteer labor, it is a distinctive regionalized example of vernacular church architecture more typically found in northern Italy.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Architecture and history
The Italian Baptist Church stands just off North Main Street, north of Barre's downtown business district.  It is set on the north side of Brook Street, between North Main and Laurel Streets.  It is a single-story structure, built with a wooden frame and masonry exterior.  The side walls are brick, while the street-facing main facade is an elaborately decorated work of granite.  A central recess is defined by a pair of polished Doric columns and flanked by square pilasters, all supporting a slightly projecting dentillated entablature.  The entablature is continued to the main building corners, and is topped by a cornice and a central gabled parapet, at whose center is a Palladian window.  The stonework of the facade exhibits a variety of finishes, from rusticated blocks on the lower level, to hammered details in the entablature, and the smoothly finished columns.

The church was built in 1906-08 by local volunteers, including many Italian immigrants who came to work in Barre's granite quarries.  The design of the building is credited to the priest, A.B. Bellondi, under whose tenure it was built.  It is essentially a vernacular interpretation of northern Italian church architecture, built using local materials.  The church was in active use by its Baptist congregation until the 1920s.  In the 1930s the church was used as a clubhouse by the Improved Order of Red Men, a fraternal society.  It has since seen a variety of commercial and religious uses.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Vermont

References

Italian-American culture in Vermont
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Renaissance Revival architecture in Vermont
Churches completed in 1906
20th-century Baptist churches in the United States
Buildings and structures in Barre (city), Vermont
Churches in Washington County, Vermont
Baptist churches in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Vermont
1906 establishments in Vermont

Italian Baptist Church


Lynn Novick is an American director and producer of documentary films, widely known for her work with Ken Burns.

Early life
Novick was born in 1962, raised in New York City, and graduated from Horace Mann School in 1979. She graduated magna cum laude from Yale University with honors in American Studies.

Career
Novick was a research assistant at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History before beginning her film career as a production assistant at WNET, a public television station in Manhattan. She then worked on Bill Moyers' projects Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth and A World of Ideas with Bill Moyers before moving to Florentine Films in 1989 to work on Burns's 1990 series, The Civil War, as associate producer for post production.

In 1994, she produced Burns's nine-part series, Baseball, (1994) for which she received an Emmy Award. In 1998, she was director and producer (with Burns) of two-part biographical documentary, Frank Lloyd Wright, for which she received a Peabody Award. In 2001, Novick produced Burns' 10-part series, Jazz.

Among her more recent collaborations with Burns have been The War (2007), Baseball: The Tenth Inning (2010), and Prohibition (2011). Her next collaboration was an 18-hour documentary film series, The Vietnam War, with Burns and Geoffrey Ward, which aired in September 2017. In 2019, her four-part series College Behind Bars, was broadcast on PBS.

On April 5, 2021, a three-episode, six-hour documentary, a recapitulation of Ernest Hemingway's life, labors, and loves, debuted on the Public Broadcasting System, co-produced and directed by Burns and Novick.

In April, 2021, it was announced that Novick would be joining Meadowlark Media as a creative advisor.

References

1962 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American documentary filmmakers
American television directors
American television producers
American women television producers
Primetime Emmy Award winners
American women television directors
American women documentary filmmakers
21st-century American women

Lynn Novick


Leucanthemum vulgare, commonly known as the ox-eye daisy, oxeye daisy, dog daisy, marguerite (, "common marguerite") and other common names, is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand.

Description
L. vulgare is a perennial herb that grows to a height of  and has a creeping underground rhizome. The lower parts of the stem are hairy, sometimes densely hairy but more or less glabrous in the upper parts. The largest leaves are at the base of the plant and are  long, about  wide and have a petiole. These leaves have up to 15 teeth, or lobes or both on the edges. The leaves decrease in size up the stem, the upper leaves up to  long, lack a petiole and are deeply toothed.

The plant bears up to three "flowers" like those of a typical daisy. Each is a "head" or capitulum  wide. Each head has between fifteen and forty white "petals" (ray florets)  long surrounding the yellow disc florets. Below the head is an involucre of glabrous green bracts  long with brownish edges. Flowering occurs from May to October. The seed-like achenes are  long and have ten "ribs" along their edges but lack a pappus.

Ox-eye daisy is similar to shasta daisy (Leucanthemum × superbum) which has larger flower heads ( wide) and to stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula) which has smaller heads ( wide). L. maximum is also similar, usually with rays  in length.

Taxonomy
L. vulgare was first formally described in 1778 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who published the description in Flore françoise. It is also known by the common names ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, field daisy, Marguerite, moon daisy, moon-penny, poor-land penny, poverty daisy and white daisy.

The species was formerly described as part of the Chrysanthemum genus.

Distribution and habitat
The species is native to Europe, and to Turkey and Georgia in Western Asia. It is a typical grassland perennial wildflower, growing in a variety of plant communities including meadows and fields, under scrub and open-canopy forests, and in disturbed areas. The species is widely naturalised in many parts of the world, including North America, and is considered to be an invasive species in more than forty countries. It grows in temperate regions where average annual rainfall exceeds , and often where soils are heavy and damp. It is often a weed of degraded pastures and roadsides.

Ecology
The species spreads by seeds and by shallow, creeping rhizomes. A mature plant can produce up to 26,000 seeds that are spread by animals, vehicles, water and contaminated agricultural produce, and some seeds remain viable for up to nearly forty years. It is not palatable to cattle and reduces the amount of quality pasture available for grazing. In native landscapes such as the Kosciuszko National Park in Australia, dense infestation can exclude native plants, causing soil erosion and loss of soil organic matter.

This plant was top-ranked for pollen production per floral unit sampled at the level of the entire capitulum, with a value of 15.9 ± 2 μL, in a UK study of meadow flowers.

As an invasive species

L. vulgare is one of the most widespread weeds in the Anthemideae. It became an introduced species via gardens into natural areas in parts of Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. In some habitats it forms dense colonies displacing native plants and modifying existing communities.

The plant commonly invades lawns, and is difficult to control or eradicate, since a new plant can regenerate from rhizome fragments and is a problem in pastures where beef and dairy cattle graze, as usually they will not eat it, thus enabling it to spread; cows who do eat it produce milk with an undesirable flavor. It has been shown to carry several crop diseases.

This species has been declared an environmental weed in New South Wales and Victoria. In New South Wales it grows from Glen Innes on the Northern Tablelands to Bombala in the far southeast of the state, and there are significant populations in the Kosciuszko National Park where it has invaded subalpine grassland, snowgum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) woodland and wetlands. In Victoria it is a prohibited species and must be eradicated or controlled.

Uses

Food
The unopened flower buds can be marinated and used in a similar way to capers.

Maud Grieve's Modern Herbal (1931) states that "The taste of the dried herb is bitter and tingling, and the odour faintly resembles that of valerian."

Tea
Oxeye grows wild in the Arava Desert in Southern Israel, where the flowers are picked and dried and traditionally used by Jewish Israelis to make a local variety of herbal tea.

Use in horticulture
L. vulgare is widely cultivated and available as a perennial flowering ornamental plant for gardens and designed meadow landscapes. It thrives in a wide range of conditions but prefers a sunny or part-sun location of average soil that is damp (like many in the daisy family). The plant does well in raised and mulched garden beds that retain moisture and prevent weeds. It is a mesophyte and therefore requires more or less a continuous water supply.  The heads of faded and old blooms are often deadheaded to promote further blooming and to maintain the appearance of the plant. There are cultivars, such as 'May Queen', that begin blooming in early spring.

Allergies
Allergies to daisies do occur, usually causing contact dermatitis.

See also
Bellis perennis – common daisy
Buphthalmum salicifolium – yellow ox-eye daisy
Argyranthemum frutescens – marguerite daisy

References

Further reading

External links

USDA Plants Profile: Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy)
Leucanthemum vulgare (oxe-eye daisy) – U.C. Cal.Photo gallery
Cirrus: Leucanthemum vulgare photographs and information

vulgare
Flora of Europe
Flora of Central Asia
Inflorescence vegetables
Garden plants of Asia
Garden plants of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Leucanthemum vulgare


The  is a contemporary art museum founded by the real estate developer Minoru Mori (1934–2012) in the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower in the Roppongi Hills complex both of which he built in Tokyo, Japan.

The exterior architect of the museum's galleries on the 35th floor of the 45
-story tower in which the museum is housed is Richard Gluckman of Gluckman Mayner Architects. The museum does not exhibit a permanent collection but rather temporary exhibitions of works by contemporary artists.

Artists whose work has been exhibited at the museum include Ai Weiwei, Gohar Dashti, Tokujin Yoshioka and Bill Viola.

The museum's founder Minoru Mori died in March 2012. The museum focuses on contemporary art and exhibits large-scale solo shows as well as curated themed exhibitions.
It also features the MAM project which exhibits solo shows on a smaller scale in the museum space.

In 2015 the museum exhibited Dinh Q. Lê's solo exhibition.

Museum directors
The first director of Mori Art Museum was David Elliott (2003-2006), followed by Fumio Nanjo (2006-2019). At the end of 2019, chief curator Mami Kataoka was announced as the successor to Fumio Nanjo.

Collection
The Mori Art Museum has a collection which includes artworks by Ai Weiwei, Makoto Aida, Jananne Al-Ani, Tarek Al-Ghoussein, Halim Al-Karim, Poklong Anading, Satoru Aoyama, Bae Young Whan, Cao Fei, Chen Chieh-Jen, Chen Wenbo, Chiba Masaya, Chim↑Pom, Gohar Dashti, Romain Erkiletlian, Etsuko Fukaya, Shilpa Gupta, Laurent Grasso, Ham Jin, Handiwirman Saputra, Maiko Haruki, Naoya Hatakeyama, Satoshi Hirose, Hoang Duong Cam, Ho Tzu Nyen, Mako Idemitsu, Manabu Ikeda, Takashi Ishida, Takahiro Iwasaki, Jakarta Wasted Artists, Teppei Kaneuji, Mari Katayama, Mika Kato, Tsubasa Kato, Sachiko Kazama, Kensaku Yuree, Tomoko Kikuchi, Takehito Koganezawa, Akino Kondoh, Tomoko Konoike, Sutee Kunavichayanontv, Yayoi Kusama, Jompet Kuswidananto, Dinh Q. Lê, Lee Bul, Lee Wen, Lim Sokchanlina, Fuyuko Matsui, Tomona Matsukawa, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Futoshi Miyagi, Ryuji Miyamoto, Mariko Mori, Ruriko Murayama, Mwkaiyama Kisho, Nobuhiro Nakanishi, Kohei Nawa, Jun Nguyen-Hatsushiba, Yoshinori Niwa, Hitoshi Nomura, Motohiko Odani, Yuki Okumura, Yoko Ono, Oiwa Oscar, Tatsumi Orimoto, Tsuyoshi Ozawa, Jagannath Panda, Pangrok Sulap, Po Po, Chatchai Puipia, Araya Rasdjarmrearnsook, Navin Rawanchaikul, RongRong & inri, Hrair Sarkissian, Momoko Seto, Hiraki Sawa, Shao Yinong / Mu Chen, Taro Shinoda, Motoyuki Shitamichi, Song Hyun-Sook, Suh Do Ho, Yukihiro Taguchi, Koki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Rodel Tapaya, Tateishi Tiger, Teruya Yuken, Tromarama, Tsai Charwei, Tsang Kin-Wah, UJINO, Kazuki Umezawa, Vandy Rattana, Wang Qingsong, Entang Wiharso, Weng Fen, Won Seoung Won, John Wood and Paul Harrison, Aki Yahata, Akira Yamaguchi, Takayuki Yamamoto, Chikako Yamashiro, Miwa Yanagi, Haegue Yang, Yee I-Lann, Yin Xiuzhen, Shizuka Yokomizo, Yuichi Yokoyama, Tomoko Yoneda, Ken + Julia Yonetani, Yoo Seungho, Yuan Goang-Ming, Zhang O, Zhou Tiehai

References

External links

 Mori Art Museum website

Museums with year of establishment missing
Art museums and galleries in Tokyo
Mori, Minoru
Contemporary art galleries in Japan
Mori Building
Buildings and structures in Minato, Tokyo
Roppongi

Mori Art Museum


Hilary Norman Peterson is a regular fictional character on the American television show Cheers. The character was portrayed by actor George Wendt and is named Hilary after his paternal grandfather.

Norm appeared in all 275 episodes of Cheers from 1982 to 1993 and was initially the only customer featured in the show's main cast, later joined by best friend Cliff Clavin, Frasier Crane, and Lilith Sternin. Along with Sam Malone and Carla Tortelli, Norm is one of only three characters to appear in every episode of Cheers. He also made one guest appearance each in the three other sitcoms set in the Cheers universe: the Frasier episode "Cheerful Goodbyes," the Wings episode "The Story of Joe" and the spin-off The Tortellis.

Casting and creation

In the original script of the 1982 pilot, "Give Me a Ring Sometime," there was no Norm Peterson (contrary to beliefs that Norm is one of the original characters). George Wendt and John Ratzenberger auditioned for the same role, originally named George, and Wendt was hired for that role. George was Diane Chambers's first customer, appeared at the end of this episode, could not bear her long explanation of becoming a waitress, and had only one line consisting of one word: "Beer!" The writers expanded Wendt's role, and the character evolved into Norm Peterson, the first onscreen customer to enter the bar and who "badgered Diane rather than the other way around." Show co-creator Les Charles stated that the character was based on a frequent customer he met while working as a bartender during college.

Meanwhile, Ratzenberger suggested to the producers that a know-it-all character should be added, resulting in Cliff Clavin.

Role
Norm's entrance into the bar is a running gag on Cheers, typically beginning with a greeting by Norm. This is followed by the bar crowd yelling his name (except Diane Chambers, who would follow with a more refined "Norman", and Woody Boyd who would refer to him as "Mr. Peterson"). Norm is also greeted with the customary "Norm!" shout at other locations, including a bowling alley ("From Beer to Eternity", season 4, episode 9), The Hungry  Heifer ("Cheers: The Motion Picture", season 5, episode 24), and Gary's Olde Towne Tavern, Cheers' rival bar ("Bar Wars VI", season 10, episode 23). When Sam asks why the people at Gary's know him by name, Norm replies that he goes there on Christmas when Cheers is closed.  A recurring gag in the series is, following a commercial, for the bartender to ask Norm if he wants another beer; Norm replies "one quick one," after which he inevitably stays a lot longer. "Norm" is actually the first word of Frederick Crane, son of Frasier Crane and Lilith Sternin. (However, Lilith joyously believes that he said "Mommy!")

Prior to the show, Norm was born in Chicago, and moved to Boston to become an accountant, and is a lifelong Boston Celtics fan who went to Boston Garden as a child. Norm previously served in the United States Coast Guard, though in an earlier episode he stated he'd been in the Army. He loses his job in an accounting firm by defending Diane from his boss, and after struggling for few years as an independent accountant, eventually becomes a housepainter. Norm was also revealed to be an accomplished interior decorator and beer taster, capable of spotting a bad vat in a factory by drinking a single bottle.

Even when unemployed, Norm is the bar's best customer. A running gag throughout the series are the numerous jokes made about the enormous size of Norm's tab at Cheers: several large binders are shown as being just a portion of it. In the episode "Home Malone" (season 9, episode 24), when Woody's rich, naïve girlfriend Kelly waitresses at Cheers to gain "real-life experience," Norm convinces her that the tab is a record of the beers for which he has already paid, and for each new beer a mark should be erased. In the finale Sam has to have his total tab for the series calculated by NASA. The only time he was seen to pay off any of his tab was when new manager Rebecca Howe temporarily cut him off after discovering he owed almost $850, but she agreed to payment in kind by him painting her office and apartment. This led to him setting up as a housepainter. The few times Norm drinks at another bar, he is immediately kicked out because the bartenders demand an immediate cash payment instead of a tab. Nevertheless, Norm annually receives a complimentary beer on his birthday.

Norm's best friend is postman and fellow barfly Cliff Clavin.

Norm's wife Vera is often mentioned but her face is never seen. When she is finally shown, her face is covered in pie thrown by Diane (season 5, episode 9 "Thanksgiving Orphans,") and the actress is uncredited. The only other times she is seen, viewers can see only her legs and at one time her waving from a car which drives past Cheers on her 15th wedding anniversary. Vera is the butt of many of Norm's jokes, but on many occasions, Norm has professed secretly an undying love for his wife or defended her honor. He also refused to cheat on her in the episode "Norm's Big Audit" where a female IRS agent  was prepared to overlook his tax evasion if he did. He explained in this instance that he felt he was a bad husband but would not cheat on his wife as it would make him a bad person. Norm and Vera separated during the second season of Cheers but reconciled in the last episode of the season, contrasting the romance between Sam and Diane, who enjoyed a romance then bitterly broke up in that last episode. When Vera got a job at Melville's, however, he was deeply disturbed by her proximity to him during his bar time. Vera was played by George Wendt's real-life wife, Bernadette Birkett.

In the Cheers episode "It's a Wonderful Wife" (season 9, episode 21) Vera tells Rebecca off-camera that Norm's real first name is Hilary. He explains that he was named after his grandfather who "once killed a man for laughing at him." Cliff asks if his grandfather really killed a man for laughing at his first name and Norm replies, "Not exactly. He was a surgeon and he sort of botched an operation."

When not sipping beer at Cheers, Norm satisfies his hunger at an eatery called The Hungry Heifer, whose emblem is a young cow smacking her chops. The customers there greet him just the same as the Cheers patrons do. He knows the waitresses by name, and usually orders a meal called a Feeding Frenzy, a monstrous supply of corn and beef. He denigrated the eatery when he first visited it in season 2, but when the place was being shut down in season 9, he insinuated it was an important place to him throughout his life and said he knew the owner since at latest his college years. Corrine (played by Doris Grau), who worked at Cheers occasionally as a temp waitress, was a server at The Hungry Heifer and said the waitstaff knew Norm as "the guy who comes back."

On a lark in college, he became an ordained minister of the Church of the Living Desert after seeing an advertisement in the back of a magazine.

In season 7, Sam takes a temporary bartending job in Cancún, Mexico. One of his patrons, Pepe, greatly resembles Norm in appearance and mannerisms.

Other appearances
George Wendt guest starred as Norm Peterson on St. Elsewhere, Cheers' first spinoff The Tortellis, Wings, and The Simpsons episode "Fear of Flying", which also guest starred Ted Danson, Rhea Perlman, Woody Harrelson, and John Ratzenberger as their respective characters. Years after Cheers ended, Wendt played Norm in a 2002 episode of its spinoff Frasier, where he got along famously with Martin Crane. (Martin: "Wow, that's some mug callus you've got there." Norm: "Judging from your grip, I'd say you were a can man.")  Norm was most recently seen in animated form, voiced by Wendt, on Family Guy in the episodes "Road to Rupert" and "Three Kings". Domino's Pizza released a commercial in February 2020 parodying Cheers (including the opening theme song and a Domino's version of the Cheers sign) with Norm entering a Domino's, surprised to find that no one knows his name. Norm's face was scanned from a Cheers episode to replace a body double's face.

Cultural references
In The Simpsons episode "Flaming Moe's", Barney Gumble walks into the newly successful and popular Moe's Tavern to be greeted with the friendly cry of "Barney!" which satirizes Norm's entrance When a bartender similar to Woody Boyd asks him how he is doing, Barney burps in response.
In the How I Met Your Mother episode "Swarley", Barney Stinson walks into Maclaren's Pub to the greeting of "Swarley!" with the bartender Carl then playing the Cheers theme song. This was to make fun of Barney's new nickname, and to reference Norm's entrance to Cheers.
An oblique homage of Norm appears in the series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (Season 6, Episode 9), "Who Mourns for Morn?" in the form of the character named Morn, a corpulent and rather silent alien who has an outstanding tab in Quark's bar.

Lawsuit
In 1993, Wendt and Ratzenberger sued Host International for copyright infringement, trademark infringement, and violating the actors' personality rights. The company operated airport lounges styled similarly to Cheers which included two robots, one heavyset and the other a postal worker, which the actors claimed resembled Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin. The lawsuit was declined at its first and second hearings. At the first, the judge ruled that the defendant did not violate copyright because Paramount Pictures had already granted it a license to produce  Cheers-based bars. At the second, the judge ruled that the robots did not resemble the characters. In 1997, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed both rulings on the grounds that Paramount's copyright claim might not have more weight than Wendt and Ratzenberger's ownership of publicity and that the resemblance claim should be decided by a jury, not a judge. The case resulted in an undisclosed settlement in 2001 by Host International.

References

Bibliography

Wendt, George. Drinking with George. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2009. Print. .

External links

American male characters in television
Television characters introduced in 1982
Cheers characters
Fictional accountants
Crossover characters in television

Norm Peterson


Mick Rogers was warden of Portland Bird Observatory and Field Centre at Portland Bill, Dorset, England from 1979 to 1995 (not to be confused with Mike Rogers, secretary of the British Birds Rarities Committee).

He was born in 1943, and died at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge on 27 April 2003 as a result of a brain haemorrhage. From 1975 to 1978 he was barman on Lundy Island "so that he could act as the Lundy Field Society's unofficial representative and warden in his free time."

Rogers' reputation among the British birding community was of someone who took the scientific study of birds extremely seriously, and believed that "serious" ornithology should take precedence over "popular" approaches at all times. As an illustration, following the publication in British Birds magazine of an account by Robin Chittenden of the finding of a northern parula on the Isles of Scilly in October 1983 (Chittenden 1986), in which Chittenden wrote effusively about his excitement at this find, which was then only the fourth record for Britain, Rogers wrote to the British Birds letters page criticising both Chittenden for an article consisting of "60 lines full of irrelevances", and the journal's editors for "letting editorial standards slip ... perhaps in an attempt to widen [the journal's] circulation" (Rogers 1987). Providing information and encouragement to casual birding visitors to Portland Bill was low on Rogers' list of priorities compared with the day-to-day running of the observatory; as a result, many birders visiting Portland for the first time felt that they were not welcome there.

His predecessor as warden was Iain Robertson, and his successor was Martin Cade, who had previously been the observatory's assistant warden.

References

 Chittenden, Robin (1986) Northern Parula in Scilly British Birds 79:432-433
 Rogers, Mick (1987) The rôle of the editorial staff of 'British Birds' British Birds 80:643-644
 Ternstrom, Myrtle (2004) 'Obituary - Mick Rogers' Annual Report of the Lundy Field Society 2003 53:19

1944 births
2003 deaths
British ornithologists
20th-century British zoologists

Mick Rogers (wildlife warden)


John P. Torres is a former government official, once acting assistant secretary of homeland security for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). He was appointed on November 17, 2008.

Early career
Torres began his law enforcement career with the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in 1986. During his time in the former INS, Torres played several key roles. Early in his career, Torres was a decorated member of a highly successful undercover investigative unit in Los Angeles. In 1992 during the Los Angeles riots, he was assigned to duty at the Newton and Rampart Divisions of the Los Angeles Police Department.

In 1999, Torres was designated the INS investigative lead for the railway serial killer investigation of Rafael Resendez-Ramirez in Texas. In 1997, Torres was assigned to the FBI Headquarters International Terrorism Operations Section, and later designated as the first INS Special Agent in the Osama bin Laden Unit. In that capacity, he managed investigations of the East Africa embassy bombings, the millennium attack plot to bomb the Los Angeles International Airport and other sites, the Khobar Towers attack, and the plot to bomb American airliners over the Pacific Ocean. Following the 9/11 attacks, Torres returned to Washington and was assigned to the subsequent investigation at FBI headquarters.

In addition to being a key member of several investigations, Torres also developed the Law Enforcement Support Center in Burlington, Vermont, which has become an integral piece to coordination between ICE and other law enforcement agencies.

Career at ICE
From March to November 2008, John Torres was the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations for U.S. ICE. In this capacity, Torres was responsible for coordinating the efforts of the Office of Federal Protective Service (FPS), the National Firearms and Tactical Training Unit, the National Incident Response Unit, the Office of Detention and Removal Operations (DRO), the Office of Intelligence, the Office of International Affairs, the Office of Investigations (OI), and the Office of State and Local Coordination. Torres worked to ensure the most effective collaboration between each of these operational components of ICE in an effort to achieve the stated goals of the agency, and to realize the most efficient use of the agency's resources toward that end.

From June 2005 to March 2008, John Torres was the Director of the Office of Detention and Removal Operations for ICE within the Department of Homeland Security. In his capacity as Director, Torres oversaw an authorized workforce of more than 6,700 employees, including nearly 6,000 sworn law enforcement officers assigned to 24 field offices nationwide, managed an operating budget of over $2 billion, ended the practice of "catch and release" and transitioned the Criminal Alien Program from the Office of Investigations to DRO. In Fiscal Year 2007, DRO removed over 282,000 foreign nationals; eliminated more than 140,000 fugitive cases from the fugitive backlog; issued 164,296 charging documents through the Criminal Alien Program; and expanded detention capacity to 27,500 from 18,500 in Fiscal Year 2005.

Torres previously served as Deputy Assistant Director for Smuggling and Public Safety in ICE Office of Investigations, where he oversaw the implementation of ICE's anti-gang initiative Operation Community Shield, the ICE Mutual Agreement between Government and Employers (IMAGE) program, and the establishment of ICE's Document and Benefit Fraud task forces. He previously served as the Special Agent-in-Charge of the Newark ICE office, where he oversaw ICE's participation in several major multi-agency investigations, including an international child pornography investigation resulting in the arrests of over 2,000 people; and an undercover investigation involving the purchase of surface-to-air missiles from arms brokers for the purpose of downing American airliners.

External links
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials
George W. Bush administration personnel
Obama administration personnel

John P. Torres


Shirley Ellen Schwartz or Ellen Shirley Schwartz (Aug. 26, 1935 – May 8, 2016) was a chemist and research scientist at General Motors, specializing in the study and development of industrial lubricants and automobile oil change indicator systems. She was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1996 for her accomplishments in the field of chemistry.

Early life and education
She was born Ellen Shirley Eckwall in Detroit, grew up in the Detroit suburb of Pleasant Ridge, and graduated from Lincoln High School in Ferndale. Schwartz earned three academic degrees in chemistry. She attended the University of Michigan where she received her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1957. She then enrolled at Wayne State University and earned her master's degree 1962 and her doctorate in 1970.

Career
After teaching at Oakland Community College and the Detroit Institute of Technology, Schwartz began working at BASF Corporation in Wyandotte, Michigan, where she developed an industrial lubricant that, by virtue of being primarily water, reduced the amount of oil and consequently pollution. She then spent over 18 years working at General Motors, where she was senior research scientist, working in Research and Development Operations at the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. During her career she came to hold more than 20 patents, and authored 173 technical papers. From 1989 to 2003 she wrote a regular column titled Love Letters to Lubrication Engineers in the journal of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, and was remembered in a 2016 memorial in that journal as "the mother of the oil life monitor found in most GM cars, which is responsible for not having to change oil nearly as often as we did previously, or conversely, not ruining your engine if you don't change it often enough."

When presenting her with an achievement award in 1999, the Society of Women Engineers summarized Dr. Schwartz's career thusly:

"Dr. Schwartz has examined engine oil degradation; wear, corrosion, and elastomer durability in engines; the effects of methanol and ethanol fuel on engines; and lubricants for air conditioners that use alternative refrigerants (other than Freon R12). Her work in these areas have been targeted towards:
 obtaining the maximum useful life of engine oil
 finding acceptable ways to use alternative energy sources
 developing refrigerant systems that will not hurt the earth's ozone layer"

Awards and honors
Schwartz was named a fellow of the Society of Automotive Engineers in 1999 and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2000 "for contributions to lubrication engineering and for enriching the technical community through free-lance writing." She additionally received many industry awards:
 General Motors Kettering Award (1988): Awarded for computer-based method that assesses engine oil degradation as a function of oil temperature and displays the remaining life of the oil for the vehicle
 General Motors McCuen Award (1993)
 Gold Award from the Engineering Society of Detroit (1989)
 Wilbur Deutsch Memorial Award from the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (1987)
 Colwell Award (1992) from the Society of Automotive Engineers
 Distinguished Speaker Award (1995) from the Society of Automotive Engineers

Personal life
She married her husband Ron Schwartz in 1957.

References

Women materials scientists and engineers
Tribologists
American materials scientists
20th-century American chemists
General Motors people
1935 births
2016 deaths
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Wayne State University alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Scientists from Detroit
People from Warren, Michigan
Detroit Institute of Technology
Deaths from dementia in Michigan
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
People from Pleasant Ridge, Michigan
Chemists from Michigan

Shirley E. Schwartz


Recto is the "right" or "front" side and verso is the "left" or "back" side when text is written or printed on a leaf of paper () in a bound item such as a codex, book, broadsheet, or pamphlet.

In double-sided printing, each leaf has two pages – front and back. In modern books, the physical sheets of paper are stacked and folded in half, producing two leaves and four pages for each sheet. For example, the outer sheet in a 16-page book will have one leaf with pages 1 (recto) and 2 (verso), and another leaf with pages 15 (recto) and 16 (verso). Pages 1 and 16, for example, are printed on the same side of the physical sheet of paper, combining recto and verso sides of different leaves. The number of pages in a book using this binding technique must thus be a multiple of four, and the number of leaves must be a multiple of two, but unused pages are typically left unnumbered and uncounted. A sheet folded in this manner is known as a folio, a word also used for a book or pamphlet made with this technique.

Loose leaf paper consists of unbound leaves. Sometimes single-sided or blank leaves are used for numbering or counting and abbreviated "l." instead of "p." for the number of pages.

Etymology
The terms are shortened from Latin:  and  (which translate as "on the right side of the leaf" and "on the back side of the leaf"). The two opposite pages themselves are called  and  in Latin, and the ablative ,  already imply that the text on the page (and not the physical page itself) are referred to.

Usage

In codicology, each physical sheet (, abbreviated fol. or f.) of a manuscript is numbered, and the sides are referred to as  and , abbreviated as r and v respectively. Editions of manuscripts will thus mark the position of text in the original manuscript in the form fol. 1r, sometimes with the r and v in superscript, as in 1r, or with a superscript o indicating the ablative , , as in 1ro. This terminology has been standard since the beginnings of modern codicology in the 17th century.

In 2011, Martyn Lyons argued that the term  "right, correct, proper" for the front side of the leaf derives from the use of papyrus in late antiquity, as a different grain ran across each side, and only one side was suitable to be written on, so that usually papyrus would carry writing only on the "correct", smooth side (and just in exceptional cases would there be writing on the reverse side of the leaf).

The terms "recto" and "verso" are also used in the codicology of manuscripts written in right-to-left scripts, like Syriac, Arabic and Hebrew. However, as these scripts are written in the other direction to the scripts witnessed in European codices, the recto page is to the left while the verso is to the right. The reading order of each folio remains first verso, then recto, regardless of writing direction.

The terms are carried over into printing;  is the norm for printed books but was an important advantage of the printing press over the much older Asian woodblock printing method, which printed by rubbing from behind the page being printed, and so could only print on one side of a piece of paper. The distinction between recto and verso can be convenient in the annotation of scholarly books, particularly in bilingual edition translations.

The "recto" and "verso" terms can also be employed for the front and back of a one-sheet artwork, particularly in drawing.  A  drawing is a sheet with drawings on both sides, for example in a sketchbook—although usually in these cases there is no obvious primary side.  Some works are planned to exploit being on two sides of the same piece of paper, but usually the works are not intended to be considered together.  Paper was relatively expensive in the past; good drawing paper still is much more expensive than normal paper.

By book publishing convention, the first page of a book, and sometimes of each section and chapter of a book, is a recto page, and hence all recto pages will have odd numbers and all verso pages will have even numbers.

In many early printed books or incunables and still in some 16th-century books (e.g. 's ), it is the  ("leaves") rather than the pages, that are numbered. Thus, each  carries a consecutive number on its recto side, while on the verso side there is no number.  This was also very common in e.g. internal company reports in the 20th century, before double-sided printers became commonplace in offices.

See also
 Book design
 Obverse and reverse in coins
 Page spread
 Page (paper)

References

External links

Printing
Book design
Book terminology
Papyrus
Codicology

Recto and verso


Marlon Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is an American singer and musician. He was a member of the boy band The Jackson 5. In 1980 he appeared on his sister La Toya Jackson's first album. This was his first music outside of The Jackson 5. In 1987, he released a solo album, Baby Tonight. Unlike his brothers, he did not continue to work in music after this apart from the 1989 single "2300 Jackson Street" with The Jacksons.

Career

The Jackson 5
Marlon joined The Jackson 5 as a percussionist. He was later a singer for the group. He also played the conga and tambourine. In 1968 The Jackson 5 were signed to Motown Records. They released their first single "I Want You Back" in 1969. It reached number one in the United States. Their next three singles also went to number one. The band have sold 150 million records. In 1997 the band were given a star in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

References

1957 births
Living people
African American musicians
Jackson family
American pop musicians
Singers from Indiana
Musicians from Indiana

Marlon Jackson


Online dating is using websites or special applivations to find like-minded users to connect and interact with each other. People can find romantic relationships, or partners for sex on such platforms. Most often, people who are single use these platforms.

Commonly, peole create an account, and add details to their profile. The platform then allows them to find  other people with similar profiles. When they are searching, people could then filter the results to only include other people who are close, or who are in a certain age range.

Depending on the site, a user might be able to send a message to another user, or to do a voice call (often using VOIP).

Problems
These sites also have a number of problems:

 There may be fake profiles, of people that do not exist.
 There are no background checks on the users; there have been several cases of sex workers using such sites.
 People on these sites may be involved in other kinds of fraud.
 Most of the time, men use such sites; the different portals usually do not publish the ratio of male to female members.
 Most of the sites are based on a subscription-model; this carries the risk of high costs, due to contracts that run for a long time, for example.

Sociologists have also pointed out other problems:

 In many cases the matching algorithms are not very good
 Very often, relationships are also based one person finding the other physically attractive. A match-making purely based on a checklist of common interests completely neglects this.

Social networking
Relationships

Online dating


The Sweetest Thing is a 2002 American comedy film directed by Roger Kumble and written by Nancy Pimental, who based the characters on herself and friend Kate Walsh. It stars Cameron Diaz, Christina Applegate, and Selma Blair. The film was released on April 12, 2002 and received negative reviews from critics. However, according to screenwriter Nancy Pimental, the film later went on to gain a cult following.

Plot
A group of men are interviewed regarding Christina Walters; they consider her a player and a user of men in the swinging singles market. She is a 28-year-old successful interior designer living in San Francisco near North Beach.

Christina meets up with her friend Courtney Rockcliffe, a divorce lawyer. They console their friend and roommate Jane, who had recently broken up with her boyfriend, by taking her out to a dance club. Jane feels out of place, so Christina grabs a man named Peter to set Jane up with, but he berates Christina for her methods before disappearing for the night. While in the bathroom with Courtney, she calls him by name, leading her to suspect that he got under Christina's skin and she is actually in love with him, which she denies.

After running into Peter again, Christina buys him a drink and they spend time together. He explains that he will be attending a wedding on Saturday, and that he is at the club with his obnoxious, womanizing brother Roger to celebrate. He invites Christina and Courtney to an after-party at their hotel, but Christina goes home and later regrets not going.

The next day, while having lunch with Courtney, Christina cannot stop talking about Peter, while Jane pays an embarrassing visit to the dry cleaner. Courtney arranges for Christina and herself to travel to Somerset, where Peter's brother's wedding is to take place, and they meet Jane's boyfriend, whom she previously met at the club. After they leave in Courtney's Saab 9-5, Christina and Courtney go on a series of misadventures including an exploding toilet, a glory hole discovery, and a motorcyclist who is led to believe Courtney is receiving cunnilingus from Christina while driving.

Meanwhile, Jane encounters her boyfriend at her retail job and is nearly caught having sex with him in a changing room. When Christina and Courtney finally arrive in Somerset, they visit a store to replace their wet and ruined clothes, only to come out in extremely gaudy, indiscreet outfits. When they arrive at the wedding, Christina begins having second thoughts, but a series of coincidences, including a chance conversation with the bride, causes her to have a change of heart, and they attend. However, they discover that it is Peter, not Roger, who is getting married, and the pair nearly ruin the ceremony in their attempt to escape. Peter and his fiancée then decide that they do not want to marry each other and they call off the wedding.

Christina and Courtney return home and help Jane get out of a sexual situation with her boyfriend where the emergency crew was called in. Sometime later, Courtney is dating a doctor and is clearly very attracted to him, and Christina is back to a newly unfulfilled life of being single again. Later, Peter finds Christina's address in the log at the store they bought their clothes in and tracks her down. Christina, determined not to fear the commitment, kisses Peter and then walks away disappointed.

Peter is interviewed like the men at the beginning of the film, retelling his version of the events calling Christina a bitch and a player, but ultimately reveals that he and Christina are together, having gotten married and are living very happily with Jane, Courtney and Roger as well.

Cast

 Cameron Diaz as Christina Walters
 Christina Applegate as Courtney Rockcliffe
 Thomas Jane as Peter Donahue
 Selma Blair as Jane Burns
 Jason Bateman as Roger Donahue

 Parker Posey as Judy Webb
 Nancy Priddy as Mrs. Franklin

Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS on August 20, 2002.

An unrated version was also released on DVD with some extra scenes added, including a musical performance by Diaz, Applegate and Blair, known as "The Penis Song".

Reception
On its opening weekend, it earned US$9,430,667 on 2,670 screens, ranking #3 behind Changing Lanes and Panic Room. It eventually grossed US$68,696,770 worldwide.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 26% based on 111 reviews, with an average rating of 4.30/10. The site's consensus called the film "a collection of hit-or-miss gags tied together by a thin plot." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.

It was among Ebert & Roeper's "Worst of 2002", in the category "Big Stars in Big Bombs".

Notes

References

External links

2002 films
2002 romantic comedy films
2000s buddy comedy films
2000s comedy road movies
2000s female buddy films
2000s sex comedy films
American buddy comedy films
American comedy road movies
American female buddy films
American romantic comedy films
American sex comedy films
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by Roger Kumble
Films produced by Cathy Konrad
Films scored by Edward Shearmur
Films set in San Francisco
Films shot in San Francisco
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

The Sweetest Thing


Pushan () is a Hindu Vedic solar deity and one of the Adityas. He is the god of meeting. Pushan is responsible for marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle. He was a psychopomp (soul guide), conducting souls to the other world. He protected travelers from bandits and wild beasts, and protected men from being exploited by other men. He was a supportive guide, a "good" god, leading his adherents towards rich pastures and wealth.

Etymology
Traditionally, the name of the deity is said to be derived from Sanskrit verb, pūṣyati, which means "to cause to thrive". Many modern scholars consider Pushan to be derived from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European god *Péh₂usōn, which would thereby make Pushan a cognate of the Greek god Pan. The connection between Pan and Pushan was first proposed by the German scholar Hermann Collitz in 1924.

Texts
Ten hymns in the Rigveda are dedicated to Pūṣan (including one jointly to Soma and Pūṣan and another to Indra and Pūṣan). His chariot is pulled by goats. Sometimes he is described as driving the Sun in its course across the sky. He seems to represent the sun as a guardian of flocks and herds. Pushan is also regarded as Kavi, who in turn became an epithet of a number of gods and further a title signifying "king".

He has braided hair and a beard, and carries a golden axe, an awl, and a goad. He eats gruel, and in the Shatapatha Brahmana is stated to be toothless. He is married to Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, whom the gods bestowed on him. He is a knower of paths and a guardian of roads. In this role he protects people from various dangers on roads, such as wolves and ambushers. He is also associated with divine paths, and is familiar with the path between earth and heaven, which allows him lead souls to heaven. He is invoked to guard cattle, horses, and sheep, and is asked to find those cattle that have been lost.

According to a narrative found in the Taittiriya Samhita, Rudra was excluded from the Daksha yajna, an important sacrifice in honor of various deities. He, in anger, pierced the sacrifice with an arrow and Pushan broke his teeth as he attempted to eat a part of the oblation. The later versions of this narrative are found in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas. In these versions, Rudra (or Shiva) was angry because his father-in-law, Daksha, the sacrificer, did not invite him. Shiva, in anger, kicked Pushan and knocked out his teeth as he was eating the oblation. In the Puranic versions, Virabhadra, created by Shiva from a lock of his matted hair, knocked out Pushan's teeth.

In the Mahabharata and Puranas, Pushan is described as one of the twelve Adityas (Aditi's sons). Aditi's other eleven sons as listed in the Mahabharata are Surya, Aryaman, Tvashta, Savitr, Bhaga, Dhata, Mitra, Varuna, Amsha, Indra and Vishnu (in the form of Vamanadeva).

See also
Hindu mythology
Hindu deities
List of Hindu deities

Notes

Hindu gods
Solar gods
Adityas
Rigvedic deities
Animal gods
Pastoral gods
Marriage deities
Liminal gods

Pushan


"Isn't She Pretty" is a 1961 song recorded by The Temptations, and written by group members Eddie Kendricks and Otis Williams, as well as Motown's founder Berry Gordy. It was Gordy's first production with the group, and intended for released on the Miracle label, but it was shelved due to the label closing, as well as the fact that the Motown execs thought the song sounded a little too dated. It was finally released as the B-side for the group's 1962 single "Dream Come True", their first on the Gordy label imprint.

Overview

Recording
This is the first of the small handful of pre-psychedelic era songs the group recorded (and the second one released) that had more than two members singing lead at one point. A lot of the song's lead is performed as an ensemble piece, but each member get a chance to also be heard outfront throughout the song. On the song's first verse the entire group sings the lead vocal in unison harmony. Afterwards Elbridge "Al" Bryant and Paul Williams swap leads on the first half of the 2nd and 3rd verses; Eddie Kendricks and Melvin Franklin swap leads on the bridge; Otis Williams gets a line near the end ("She's a doll, now hey…"). It mainly showcases the lead vocals of tenor Bryant, as his ad-libs on the choruses made him the most prominent out front, but technically (group baritone) Paul Williams could also be considered the main lead as he portrays the narrator, who's telling his friends about a beautiful unrequited love:

However….

On the bridge, Franklin, the group's bass, is in the role of another potential beau that decides to ask the woman if he could be her man. Kendricks (as either the girl or as another friend) shoots him down: "No, you don't rate" ("Why")/"You ain't got just what it takes at all." Kendricks's soaring falsetto voice is also prominently heard, and not just in the background, as he delivers several ad-libs of his own throughout the recording.

Reception
Both sides of the single received a lot of airplay on local Detroit stations, but this b-side never charted nationally (although it was a regional hit). Because of this, and due to the A-side (led by Kendricks) becoming an R&B hit, Paul would be regulated to B-sides until 1963, and it prevented Al from getting any more main leads on the Temptations singles. None of Paul's leads on the A-side would make the Billboard and Cash Box charts, and by 1965 he would be replaced as the group's main lead by, Bryant's successor, David Ruffin. However Paul Williams would finally get a hit on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B charts with 1965's "Don't Look Back".

Personnel
 Lead & Background vocals by Al Bryant (verses; choruses; ad-libs), Paul Williams (verses; choruses), Eddie Kendricks (verses; choruses; bridge; ad-libs), Melvin Franklin (verses; choruses; bridge), and Otis Williams (verses; choruses)
 Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

Notes

1961 songs
1962 singles
The Temptations songs
Songs written by Berry Gordy
Songs written by Eddie Kendricks
Songs written by Otis Williams
Song recordings produced by Berry Gordy
Gordy Records singles

Isn't She Pretty