James Gee (; born April 15, 1948) is a retired American researcher who has worked in psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, bilingual education, and literacy. Gee most recently held the position as the Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies at Arizona State University, originally appointed there in the Mary Lou Fulton Institute and Graduate School of Education. Gee has previously been a faculty affiliate of the Games, Learning, and Society group at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and is a member of the National Academy of Education.

Biography
James Paul Gee was born in San Jose, California. He received his B.A. in philosophy from the University of California at Santa Barbara and both his M.A. and Ph.D in linguistics from Stanford University. He started his career in theoretical linguistics, working in syntactic and semantic theory, and taught initially at Stanford University and later in the School of Language and Communication at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. After doing some research in psycholinguistics at Northeastern University in Boston and at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands, Prof. Gee's research focus switched to studies on discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, and applications of linguistics to literacy and education. He went on to teach in the School of Education at Boston University, where he was the chair of the Department of Developmental Studies and Counseling, and later in the Linguistics Department at the University of Southern California. At Boston University he established new graduate programs centered around an integrated approach to language and literacy, combining programs in reading, writing, bilingual education, ESL, and applied linguistics. From 1993 to 1997 he held the Jacob Hiatt Chair in Education in the Hiatt Center for Urban Education at Clark University in Massachusetts. From 1997 until 2007, he held the Tashia Morgridge Professor of Reading at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 2007, Gee relocated to Arizona State University, where he was the Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction.

In 2019, Gee retired.

Discourse/discourse
In his work in social linguistics, Gee explored the concept of Discourse ("big D" Discourse). In Gee's work, discourse ("little d") refers to language-in-use. When discussing the combination of language with other social practices (behavior, values, ways of thinking, clothes, food, customs, perspectives) within a specific group, Gee refers to that as Discourse. Individuals may be part of many different Discourse communities, for example "when you 'pull-off' being a culturally specific sort of 'everyday' person, a 'regular' at the local bar...a teacher or a student of a certain sort, or any of a great many other 'ways of being in the world'" (p. 7).

Discourse communities
Furthermore, being able to function within a Discourse may carry advantages in different situations. For example, if a person is raised in a family of lawyers, the Discourses of politics or business may come very easily to that person. In the United States, those are all Discourses of power and they are closely related. Another person raised in a very different Discourse community might find himself or herself at a disadvantage when trying to move within the Discourse of business, trying to get a loan, for instance. One Discourse community is not inherently better than another; however, power within a society may be unequally represented within different Discourses.

Situated language
In Gee's view, language is always used from a perspective and always occurs within a context. There is no 'neutral' use of language. Meaning is socially constructed within Discourse communities.

Discourse analysis
Gee's 1999 text An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method is a foundational work in the field of discourse analysis.

New literacies
According to Gee, there are at least two reasons why we should consider literacy in broader terms than the traditional conception of literacy as the ability to read and write. First, in our world today, language is by no means the only communication system available. Many types of visual images and symbols have specific significances, and so "visual literacies" and literacies of other modes, or the concept of multimodal literacy, are also included in Gee's conception of new literacies. Second, Gee proposes that reading and writing (the 'meat' of literacy according to the traditional notion of the term) are not such obvious ideas as they first appear. "After all," he states, "we never just read or write; rather, we always read or write something in some way". In other words, according to which type of text we read there are different ways in which we read depending on the "rules" of how to read such a text. Literacy to Gee, even if it is the traditional print-based literacy, should be conceived as being multiple, or comprising different literacies, since we need different types of literacies to read different kinds of texts in ways that meet our particular purposes in reading them.

Furthermore, Gee also argues that reading and writing should be viewed as more than just "mental achievements" happening inside people's minds; they should also be seen as "social and cultural practices with economic, historical, and political implications". So, in Gee's view, literacies are not only multiple but are inherently connected to social practices. In order to expand the traditional view of literacy as print literacy, Gee recommends that we think first of literacy in terms of semiotic domains. By this, he means "any set of practices that recruits one or more modalities (e.g., oral or written language, images, equations, symbols, sounds, gestures, graphs, artifacts, etc.) to communicate distinctive types of meanings". There is a seemingly endless and varied range of semiotic domains, including (but certainly not limited to) cellular biology, first-person-shooter video games, rap music, or modernist painting. Most pundits would describe this conception of literacies as a key element in what has come to be known as the New Literacy Studies. In short, this theoretical and methodological orientation emphasizes studying language-in-use and literacies within their contexts of social practice. It includes work by colleagues such as Brian Street, Gunther Kress, David Barton, Mary Hamilton, Courtney Cazden, Ron Scollon, and Suzie Scollon, among others.

Gee's current work in the field of new literacies has seen him shift in his research focus somewhat from studying language-in-use to examining the D/iscourses of a range of new social practices—with a particular emphasis on video games and learning. Gee applies many key concepts from his previous research to studying video games. For example, Gee continues to argue that if we take reading to mean gaining understanding (instead of simply decoding letter sounds and words), one needs to be able to recognize or produce meanings inherent to any one semiotic domain in order to be literate in that domain. As such, and as Gee sets out in his text What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy, one can be literate in the semiotic domain of video games if he or she "can recognize (the equivalent of "reading") and/or produce (the equivalent of "writing") meanings" in the video game domain. Therefore, because new literacies are multiple and attached to social and cultural practices, Gee explains that people need to (1) be literate in many different  semiotic domains, and (2) be able to become literate in other *new* semiotic domains throughout their lives. This theoretical orientation aligns with work in the broad field of "new literacies" research—by colleagues such as Colin Lankshear, Michele Knobel, Henry Jenkins, Kevin Leander, Rebecca Black, Kurt Squire, and Constance Steinkuehler, among others.

Games
More recently, Gee's work has focused on the learning principles in video games and how these learning principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games, when they are successful, are very good at challenging players. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play. Gee began his work in video games by identifying thirty-six learning principles that are present in - but not exclusive to - the design of good video games. Gee argues for the application of these principles in the classroom. Gee's video game learning theory includes his identification of twelve basic learning principles.  He identifies these as: 1)Active Control, 2) Design Principle, 3) Semiotic Principle, 4) Semiotic Domain, 5) Meta-level Thinking, 6) Psychosocial Moratorium Principle, 7) Committed Learning Principle 8) Identity Principle, 9) Self-knowledge Principle, 10) Amplification of Input Principle, 11) Achievement Principle, 12) Practice Principle, 13) Ongoing Learning Principle, 14) Regime of Competence Principle.

Good learning principles in video games
Gee condenses and clusters these principles even more closely in an article  following the publication of his video games and learning book.   Gee believes good education involves "applying the fruitful principles of learning that good game designers have hit on, whether or not we use a game as a carrier of these principles" (p. 6).  Thus, Gee organizes the condensed list of good learning principles in three student-centered, classroom-friendly clusters: "Empowered Learners; Problem Solving; Understanding" (p. 6).

Under Empowered Learners, Gee includes the learning principles of "co-design," "customize," "identity," and "manipulation and distributed knowledge."  These principles incorporate the idea that an engaged student is active in designing and customizing their own learning experience, can learn by taking on new identities (e.g. in explore career paths or specialized skill sets in simulated roles), and feels "more expanded and empowered when they can manipulate powerful tools in intricate ways that extend their area of effectiveness" (p. 8).

The Problem Solving category includes the learning principles of "well-ordered problems," "pleasantly frustrating," "cycles of expertise," "information 'on demand' and 'just in time,'" "fish tanks," "sandboxes," and "skills as strategies."   In these first three principles, Gee argues, the scaffolding and ordering of problems learners face is key in keeping them right at their Zone of Proximal Development in different levels of skill-building.  For each of these levels, Gee specifies key elements (present in the latter four learning principles): carefully prioritized information, relevant and applicable facts, and a set of related skills with which to construct strategies in a safe and authentic context.

In Gee's cluster of Understanding principles, he includes "system thinking," and "meaning as action image."  In "system thinking", students have an overview of their learning context as a distinct system with its own naturally reinforced set of behaviors and embedded values.  Here, the meanings of words and concepts become clear – not through "lectures, talking heads, or generalities" (p. 14) – but through the experiences the players/students have ("meaning as action image").

Gee's other principles as found on page 64 of his 2007 book, What Video Games have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy, are: "Psychosocial Moratorium" principle, Committed Learning Principle, Identity Principle, Self-Knowledge Principle, Amplification of Input Principle, and Achievement Principle. Additionally, in the book on page 68, Gee further lists the Practice Principle, Ongoing Learning Principle, and the "Regime of Competence" Principle.

Identity theory
James Gee defines identity as: "Being recognized as a certain 'kind of person,' in a given context..." (p.99). Gee talks of identity differences based on social and cultural views of identity and identifies four of these views, each of which are influenced by different forms of power, though they all have an effect on one another. Gee describes them as "four ways to formulate questions about how identity is functioning for a specific person (child or adult) in a given context or across a set of contexts" (p. 101).

The first of Gee's identity perspectives is what he calls "the nature perspective (or N-identities)" (p. 101). N-identity represents an identity people cannot control, one that comes from forces of nature. An example of this type of identity would be male or female. While the person has no control over the sex they were born with, this identity only means something because society and culture say this biological difference is important. Gee explains this idea further by stating, "N-identities must always gain their force as identities through the work of institutions, discourse and dialogue, or affinity groups, that is, the very forces that constitute our other perspectives on identity" (p. 102).

"[T]he institutional perspective (or I-identities)" (p. 102)  refers to identities set by authorities within an institution. An example of an I-identity is a student, whose identity is defined by the school as an institution with rules and traditions the student must follow. Gee claims these I-identities can be something imposed on a person, such as being a prisoner, or can be a calling for the person, such as being a college professor.

The third perspective Gee identifies is the "discursive perspective (or D-identities)" (p. 103). D-identity refers to an individual trait, such as caring. D-identities are a matter of social interaction that only become identities because "other people treat, talk about, and interact" with the person in ways that bring forth and reinforce the trait (p. 103). According to Gee "D-identities can be placed on a continuum in terms of how active or passive one is in 'recruiting' them, that is, in terms of how much such identities can be viewed as merely ascribed to a person versus an active achievement or accomplishment of that person" (p. 104).

The final identity perspective Gee identifies is the "affinity perspective (or A-identities)" (p. 105). A-identities are built by shared experiences as part of an affinity group, which according to Gee's definition is a group that share "allegiance to, access to, and participation in specific practices" (p. 105). Joining these groups must be something the person has chosen to do and feels a part of in order for the A-identity to be built. Gee explains this further by stating, "While I could force someone to engage in specific practices, I really cannot coerce anyone into seeing the particular experiences connected to those practices as constitutive (in part) of the 'kind of person' they are" (p. 106).

Selected works
 Gee. J. P. (1989). "Discourses, Socially-Culturally Situated Educational Theory, and the Failure Problem".
 Gee, J. P. (1990). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses. London: Falmer Press.
 Gee, J. P. (1992). The social mind: Language, ideology, and social practice. Series in language and ideology. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
 Gee, J. P. (1999). An introduction to Discourse analysis: theory and method. London and New York: Routledge.
 Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. Review of Research in Education, 25, 99-125.
 Gee, J. P. (2003). What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
 Gee. J. P. (2004). Situated language and learning: A critique of traditional schooling. London: Routledge.
 Gee. J. P. (2008). Policy Brief: Getting Over the Slump: Innovation Strategies to Promote Children's Learning. The Joan Ganz Cooney Center
 Gee. J. P. (2005). "Learning by Design: good video games as learning machines".  E-Learning, Volume 2 (Number 1), p. 5-16
 Gee, J. P. & Elisabeth Hayes. (2011). Language and Learning in the Digital Age. London and New York: Routledge.

References

External links

 Edutopia video of Gee on Grading with Games

 James Paul Gee's Blog

Linguists from the United States
Arizona State University faculty
American educational theorists
Living people
Sociolinguists
Video game researchers
1948 births

James Paul Gee


The Magic Roundabout (released in France as Pollux, le manège enchanté and in North America with a shortened form, Doogal) is an Anglo-French animated movie based on the television series of the same name. The movie was released on February 11, 2005 in the United Kingdom and France, and on February 24, 2006 in North America. The story is about a dog named Dougal (Doogal in North America) who has to save his best friend, Florence, as well as the whole world, from being frozen by an evil spring named ZeeBad.

The Story
A shaggy, candy-loving puppy named Dougal (Doogal in North America) along with a group of friends go on a dangerous journey in an effort to stop their enemy—the evil ice sorcerer ZeeBad. As the world is placed in danger ZeeBad wants to turn the world to ice. Doogal and his friends must recover three diamonds that are needed to stop him.

Soundtrack
 "Magic" by Pilot is used, its 3rd use in a movie soundtrack after Disney's Herbie Fully Loaded and Happy Gilmore
 "Mr. Blue Sky", by the Electric Light Orchestra from their album Out Of The Blue is a classic '70s tune that is key to the ending of the movie. Buyers should know it is not included on the US soundtrack.
 "Sugar, Sugar" by The Archies, number one single of 1969 is used only during the closing credits and album.

Main Titles - Mark Thomas
The Magic Roundabout - Kylie Minogue – VOCAL
Meet Doogal - James Venable
Magic – Pilot - VOCAL
You Really Got Me - Bill Nighy & Catherine Bott - VOCAL
Doogal the Mechanic - James Venable
Zeebad Escapes - Mark Thomas
Sam Marches - John M. Davis
The Magic Roundabout - Andrea Remanda and Goldust – VOCAL
Meet Zeebad - James Venable
Setting Up Camp - Mark Thomas
Spinning - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
Duel Of The Springs 2 - Mark Thomas
Simply Wonderful - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
The What-a-Snails Waltz - Mark Thomas
Zeebad Threatens - James Venable
Train's Back - Mark Thomas
Lost In The Cold - Mark Thomas
See The City - Mark Thomas
The Frozen City - Mark Thomas
Frozen Florence - John M. Davis
The End Of Zeebad - Mark Thomas
 Florence Awakes - Mark Thomas
Sugar, Sugar - The Archies - VOCAL
I Love To Boogie - T. Rex - VOCAL
Lean Mean Machine - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
Believe Yourself - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL  (Used during the scene with Dylan fighting the skeleton guards in the UK version)
Bust This Joint - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL

References

Other websites
 "Magic Roundabout" Official website
 Doogal official website

2005 adventure movies
2005 fantasy movies
2005 animated movies
British adventure movies
British family movies
French-language movies
French animated movies
Multilingual movies

The Magic Roundabout (movie)


Vänstern i Svenska kyrkan () is a nominating group of consisting of members of the Left Party that work within the Church of Sweden. In 2001, the Left Party had decided to participate with their own list for the Church Assembly elections. The participation did however flop (the party got 1.8%), and there was a large deal of dissatisfaction within the party concerning one of the assembly members elected (a priest, who did not support the party policy of supporting gay rights). Ahead of the 2005 elections, the Left Party decided not to run. Instead, ViSK was formed by a group of individual party members who wanted to run. The Left Party did not give any financial support to the electoral campaign of ViSK.

ViSK presented lists in five dioceses, and got 1.1% of the vote and three assembly members elected to the Church Assembly.

External links
 ViSK - Vänstern i Svenska kyrkan homepage.

Nominating groups in Church of Sweden politics
Left Party (Sweden)
Christian socialist organizations

Vänstern i Svenska kyrkan


Gabriel Mato Adrover (born 29 April 1961) is a Spanish People's Party politician. He has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2009.

Biography
Born in Madrid, he graduated in Law from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He then moved to the Canary Islands to be a lawyer for the Cabildo insular (Island Council) of La Palma. In 1995, he was elected to the Parliament of the Canary Islands, and he served as the legislature's president from 2003 to 2007. From 2000 to 2003, he was an elected member of the Congress of Deputies.

He returned to Congress in the 2008 elections, serving until he was elected a Member of the European Parliament in 2009.

In September 2018, the EU voted on Article 7 to remove Hungary's voting rights as a sanction against Viktor Orbán's government. Mato was one of three PP members who broke party lines to vote against sanctions; the PP was abstaining on the vote while its European group, the European People's Party, voted in favour.

Mato was briefly out of office between the 2019 European Union election and the finalisation of Brexit in January 2020, when he was allocated one of the seats vacated by the UK.

Mr. Mato regularly opposes environmental and climate legislation in the European Parliament Committee on Fisheries. In a 2023 report on the Common Fisheries Policy, Mr. Mato wrote that he "regrets that, since 2014, the implementation of the CFP has primarily focused on the environmental aspect of this policy". Mr. Mato has also openly opposed environmental legislation such as the Biodiversity Strategy, the closure of vulnerable marine ecosystems to bottom-trawling, and the Nature Restoration Law.

Personal life
His older sister Ana was also an MEP, for the same party.

Mato is passionate about tennis. He is a qualified umpire who has officiated at the Davis Cup, Wimbledon and Roland Garros. He holds the International Tennis Federation's gold badge, the highest qualification for the role.

In 2004, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit by King Juan Carlos I.

References

1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Madrid
Autonomous University of Madrid alumni
20th-century Spanish lawyers
People's Party (Spain) politicians
Members of the 4th Parliament of the Canary Islands
Members of the 5th Parliament of the Canary Islands
Presidents of the Parliament of the Canary Islands
Members of the 7th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 9th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
People's Party (Spain) MEPs
MEPs for Spain 2009–2014
MEPs for Spain 2014–2019
MEPs for Spain 2019–2024
Spanish tennis people
Tennis umpires

Gabriel Mato


Eleanor Hudson, known professionally as Erlund Hudson, (18 February 1912 – 9 March 2011), was a British artist. Hudson was a watercolourist, etcher and designer and is notable for her depictions of women at work during the Second World War and for her post-war paintings of ballet dancers.

Early life

Erlund Hudson was born in St Marychurch, near Torquay in Devon. She was the youngest of seven children to Henry Hudson, a businessman from Liverpool, and Helen Ingeborg Olson, a Norwegian-American from Boston. At the age of ten she was confined to bed for a year with a spinal injury and spent much of her time drawing. She attended Torquay School of Art before securing a place in the school of engraving at the Royal College of Art, RCA. She studied under Malcolm Osborne and Robert Austin. She gained her diploma in 1937, won drawing prizes, a continuation scholarship and an RCA travelling scholarship. In 1937, while still a student, Hudson was elected to the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, and to the Royal Watercolour Society in 1939. She travelled throughout Italy in 1938 and 1939, but seemingly unaware of the developing political situation she only returned to Britain days before the outbreak of the Second World War and so avoided internment in Italy.

World War II

At the start of World War II, Hudson went to Leicestershire and then to Kent, where she delivered her sister-in-law's baby when it was born prematurely during a thunderstorm. In Leicestershire she lived with her brother, the vicar of Ashby Magna, and his family. Here Hudson sketched local women preparing dried herbs and flowers which were sent to hospitals for medicinal uses. She also drew the canteens in Leicester where she helped with packing supply parcels for prisoners of war. Back in London, she moved to a fourth-floor flat in Earls Court and witnessed first-hand the death and destruction of the Blitz. She volunteered as a driver of a mobile canteen, actually a converted laundry van, and made tea and sandwiches for the rescue services attending at bomb sites. Later, she recalled how after a block of flats were bombed, bodies and limbs were strewn around. Visiting her mother in Torquay, she witnessed a similar scene in the aftermath of a bomb destroying a school. Hudson didn't draw these scenes, instead preferring to concentrate on depicting women volunteers hard at work for the war effort. She produced hundreds of paintings and drawings during the war. At Robert Austins suggestion she contacted the War Artists' Advisory Committee, WAAC, who purchased six of her drawings, including Village Women Drying Wild Herbs and WVS Bandage Making. These were displayed in WAAC exhibitions at the National Gallery during the war and then acquired by the Imperial War Museum.

Post-war career
After the war Hudson designed costumes and scenery for Sadler's Wells and Ballet Rambert. This interest in ballet led Hudson to meet Nesta Brooking, who had opened a ballet school in Primrose Hill. Hudson became the Brooking School of Ballet's artistic director. As well as colleagues, the two became lifelong companions, and shared their lives until Brooking's death in 2006, aged 99. With the musical director Norman Higgins, Hudson and Brookings worked on projects with Cecchetti scholars and with the BBC as well as producing Brooking's own shows.
Hudson was also a fine portrait painter, working mainly in watercolours and continued to exhibit in Britain, Scandinavia, Canada and the United States. In the 1960s she resigned from the various artistic societies she was a member of and worked as a restorer for The Rocking Horse, an antiques shop in St. John's Wood. In 2002, the Black Star Press reprinted some of her finest etching plates. In 2007, the Imperial War Museum held a party in her honour, which she attended with two of her contemporaries, Phyllis Diamond and Malvina Cheek. Their conversation was recorded by the BBC and broadcast as a Woman's Hour programme. As well as the Imperial War Museum, works by Hudson are held in the collections of the British Museum, Dudley Museum and Art Gallery, the Wellcome Library, the National Gallery of Canada and the Yale Center for British Art.

Memberships
Hudson was a member of or affiliated with the following organisations:

 1937: Elected associate of Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers,
 1939: Elected associate of the Royal Watercolour Society,
 1946: Elected full member of Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers,
 1949: Elected full member of the Royal Watercolour Society.
Hudson was also a member of the Chicago Print Society and the Society of Artist Print Makers.

References

External links

 Works in the Imperial War Museum collection

1912 births
2011 deaths
20th-century English painters
20th-century English women artists
20th-century British printmakers
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Artists from Torquay
British war artists
English designers
English etchers
English women painters
World War II artists
Women etchers

Erlund Hudson


Shawn Christian Porter (born October 27, 1987) is an American sports commentator and former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2021. He was a two-time welterweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 2013 to 2014 and the WBC title from 2018 to 2019. Porter was particularly known for his aggressive pressure fighting style, physical strength, chin, and high workrate.

Amateur career
As an amateur, Porter competed mostly as a middleweight and compiled an astounding amateur record of 276–14. In 2007 he won the United States Golden Gloves Championship, but at the PanAm Games Porter was knocked out in the second round by Cuban Emilio Correa. Though he boasts amateur victories over current pro prospects Daniel Jacobs, Demetrius Andrade, Edwin Rodriguez, Shawn Estrada, Jonathan Nelson, and Oleksandr Usyk he came up just short in qualifying for the 2008 U.S. Olympics team.  Porter is a graduate of Stow-Munroe Falls High School.  There he earned all conference in football his junior and senior year.

Professional career

Early career
Trained and managed by his father Kenny, Porter began his pro career at lbs on October 3, 2008, at the Wicomico Civic Center in Salisbury, Maryland, US. His opponent was Norman Johnson. Porter won the fight via first-round TKO. In his 5th professional fight, Porter faced off against 31 year old Cory Jones (4–3, 1 KO) on February 6, 2009. Porter won the fight after 4 rounds via unanimous decision (40–33, 40–33, 39–35). Jones was knocked down twice in round 1. On April 3, 2009, Porter defeated Eloy Suarez (10–4, 5 KOs) via 1st-round TKO. Porter backed Suarez in a corner, landed several right hand power punches and sent him to the canvas. Suarez beat the count, but was out on his feet. The referee waved a halt at 2:59 of round 1.

In August 2009, Porter moved down to 154 lb, defeating Lamar Harris at the Fitzgerald's Casino & Hotel in Tunica, Mississippi. In December 2009, Porter took on undefeated 27-year-old Jamar Patterson (8–0, 4 KOs) at the Grand Casino in Hinckley, Minnesota, in a scheduled 8-round fight. Porter won the fight after the referee waved off the fight in round 4 after Porter knocked down Patterson.

Rise up the ranks
Porter won his first Championship belt, the Interim WBO NABO Light Middleweight title against Russell Jordan (15–6, 10 KOs) on ESPN's Friday Night Fights on February 19, 2010. Jordan was deducted a point in 9th round after losing mouthpiece twice as the bout went full 10 rounds. The scorecards read 97–92, 97–92, 100–89. On April 16, 2010, he knocked out veteran Raul Pinzon (17–4, 16 KOs) in just one round. In July, Porter beat 24-year-old Ray Robinson (11–1, 4 KOs) via unanimous decision (99–89, 97–92, 98–91) at DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi.

NABF welterweight champion
On October 15, 2010, Porter moved down to 147lbs. His first opponent was American Hector Munoz (18–3–4, 11 KOs) at the Buffalo Run Casino in Miami, Oklahoma. It was for the NABF welterweight title, left vacant by Saul Alvarez. Munoz was cut on the right side of his head by a barrage of punches in round 5. During round 9, Porter's promoter, Gary Shaw, ran over to Munoz's corner pleading for them to stop the fight which they finally agreed and threw in the towel at 2:05 of round 9.

On February 18, 2011, Porter successfully defended his title against Anges Adjaho (25–4, 14 KOs) via 10 round unanimous decision (99–91, 99–91, 97–93). The fight was on the undercard of Fernando Guerrero vs. Derrick Findley and was part of the first-ever televised live boxing card in 3D. At 144 lbs, Porter was fighting at the lightest weight of his professional career to date. Adjaho entered having lost four of his previous six bouts and having not won in just over two years.

NABO welterweight champion
In April 2012, after over a year out, Porter stopped veteran journeyman Patrick Thompson in round 6. Porter claimed the vacant WBO NABO welterweight title by defeating Alfonso Gómez (23–5–2, 12 KOs) on July 28 at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California. This was the first fight for Gómez since suffering a sixth-round knockout loss to Saul Alvarez (37–0–1) ten months prior. Porter overcame a cut above his right eye in the opening round and a nasty gash in the tenth that spanned his left eyebrow to remain unbeaten. The judges scored the bout 98–92, 96–94, 97–93.

Porter vs. Díaz I, II
On December 15, Porter fought on the undercard of Khan-Molina at the Sports Arena in Los Angeles against veteran Mexican former world champion Julio Díaz (40–7, 29 KOs). The fight ended in a split decision draw after 10 rounds 96–94, 95–95, 94–96. Porter started the fight well winning the opening few rounds. It appeared as though Díaz was taking the opening rounds to adjust to Porter's style as he started to attack following the fourth round with body shots, which landed accurately.

On May 18, 2013, Porter fought undefeated Canadian Phil Lo Greco (25–0, 14 KOs) at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City. Porter won the fight after 10 rounds winning a unanimous decision 99–89, 100–88, 100–88.

On August 18, 2013, it was announced that Porter would be part of a triple header on Fox Sports 2 on September 12, headlining against Julio Díaz (40–8–1, 29 KOs) in a rematch. Porter improved his record to 22–0–1 after defeating Díaz by decision, retaining the NABO title and winning the vacant IBF North American title as a result. At the end of 10 rounds, the judges scored it (97–93, 98–92, 97–93). Although it was still a tough fight, Porter put the work in and beat Díaz convincingly.

IBF welterweight champion

Porter vs. Alexander
In October 2013, it was announced that Porter would challenge IBF Welterweight Champion Devon Alexander (25–1, 14 KOs) on November 30 at the Freeman Coliseum in San Antonio. Alexander was thought to be making his second title defense against England's Amir Khan but Instead had to settle for facing Porter in a much lower-profile bout. Alexander and Porter had met in the amateurs in the late 1990s, with Alexander winning a 3-round decision. The fight took place on December 7 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. Porter controlled most of the fight, beating Alexander via a unanimous decision to win the welterweight world title. The judges scored the bout 116–112, 116–112 and 115–113. ESPN.com also had Porter winning 117–111. Porter was delighted to capture his first world title, "We worked hard and it came through in the ring. We made it look easy tonight. This is a blessing. We wanted to come out here and establish that I was the better fighter and we made that happen." In the fight, Porter suffered a damaged right eye due to accidental clash of heads.

Porter vs. Malignaggi
Golden Boy announced on March 12, 2014, Porter would defend his newly won world title on April 19, against former world welterweight champion Paulie Malignaggi (33–5, 7 KOs) on the undercard of Bernard Hopkins vs. Beibut Shumenov at the DC Armory in Washington. Porter entered as the # 6 welterweight contender in the world according to The Ring Magazine. Malignaggi was ranked as the # 8 contender. Porter won via 4th-round TKO. A double jab opened a cut under the left eye of Malignaggi in round one. Porter had a huge second round, badly rocking Malignaggi multiple times. In round four, Porter hurt Malignaggi with a lunging left hook moments later and a barrage, which included a couple of clean right hands which sent Malignaggi down and under the bottom rope. The referee waved an end to the bout without beginning a count. In the post fight, Porter said, "The objective was to use the jab and get to the body, and it all worked. The first knockdown, he knew that right hand was going to come all night. [In the fourth round], it was a big right hand. He knew it would land all night. We kept throwing it." Malignaggi was humble in defeat, "He has potential to be great, and I told him to go be great I'm not sure what I'm going to do. I don't want to lose to an average champion. I want to lose to a great champion. If this is my last fight, I hope I lost to a great champion."

Porter vs. Brook

Porter was ordered by the IBF to make his next mandatory defense against Kell Brook (32–0, 22 KOs). The fight took place on August 16, 2014, at the StubHub Center in Carson, California. Brook defeated Porter for the title via 12 round majority decision. Two American judges scored it (117–111 and 116–112) for Brook while the English judge scored it (114–114). Brook landed 158 of his 441 punches (36%), mostly jabs. Porter threw 308 more power punches, in total landing 156 of 626 thrown (25%). Porter felt as though he won the fight, "I thought that I was effective with my attack, but he was ready. I'm not giving any excuses. I want the rematch. I'll find him where he's at, and I'll take it from him." This was a Showtime debut for Porter. The fight did not generate as many viewers as expected, an average of 661,000 viewers. The whole card averaged just 514,000 viewers.

Rebuild after first loss

Porter vs. Bone
On March 13, 2015, Porter was scheduled to make his debut as a part of the Premier Boxing Champions series on Spike TV against veteran Roberto García. The fight took place in Ontario, California, at the Citizens Business Bank Arena. Garcia was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness prior to the weigh-in and was forced to withdraw.  However, things came together and Erick Bone (16–1, 8 KOs) stepped in to face Porter on short notice at a contractually agreed-upon weight of 149lbs. Porter got off to a slow start to feel what Boné would offer. Boné was able to counter due to Porters reckless boxing. Porter then began to aim for the midsection, landing power shots, eventually dropping Boné in round 5. Boné got up but Porter went on the attack again dropping Boné once again. Clearly hurt, referee Jack Reiss made the 10 count. Porter admitted he had worked on the body shots in training, "I felt the body punches going in, I knew he was getting hurt. I knew it was gonna get him out. We focused on that in the gym."

Porter vs. Broner
On May 16, 2015, TGB Promotions and Mayweather Promotions announced that Porter would fight fellow Ohio boxer Adrien Broner (30–1, 22 KOs) on June 20 at the MGM Grand Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas on Premier Boxing Champions on NBC at a catchweight of 144lbs as per Broner's demand. Going into the fight, Broner was 4–0 at the arena. There was controversary around the catchweight. Leading up the fight the Welterweight champ Porter also criticized, that Broner had a 157lbs limit clause in the contract, which stopped Porter from rehydrating to his normal weight on fight day. Porter was quoted as saying,"You want to move up into my weight, then move up! Don't be scared. Don't be worried. Don't be afraid. Put your skill on the line along with your record. Put it all on the line at 147. Don't put it at 144, then not want to talk about it." The remarks came as Broner had repeatedly refused to comment on the catchweight situation, which many believed would put Broner in a negative light. Porter dominated majority of the fight to win a unanimous decision over Broner. Broner was warned many times for holding during the bout and was deducted a point in round 11. Broner opened the 12th round with a clean left hand that connected and dropped Porter for the first time in his career. Porter recovered from the knockdown and improved his record to 26–1–1 despite the usual pre-fight trash talk by Broner. The 3 judges scored the bout 114–112, 118–108, 115–111. The fight drew close to 2.4 million viewers. Broner had a purse of $1.35 million compared to Porter's $1 million.

Porter vs. Thurman
It was announced on February 17, that WBA welterweight champion Keith Thurman (26–0 (1), 22 KOs) would put his title on the line against Porter on March 12, 2016, at the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. On February 23, Thurman's promoter said he had been forced to postpone his upcoming fight with Porter after being injured in a car accident. Lou DiBella had insisted the injury is not serious or career threatening, but admits the American is lucky to have escaped major injury. Thurman had not been cleared to resume training by his doctors and is expected to be on the sidelines for between four and six weeks. Porter announced that his rescheduled world title clash against Thurman will take place on June 25 at the Barclays Center. The World Boxing Association has ordered the winner of the Thurman and Porter to face interim WBA Welterweight champion David Avanesyan (22–1–1, 11 KOs), who beat #3 WBA Shane Mosley (49–10–1, 41 KOs) on May 28.

In an old-fashioned fight of the year candidate, Porter was unsuccessful in winning the title as Thurman won by unanimous decision, before a crowd of 12,718, when all three judges scored an identical 115–113 in favor of Thurman. Porter earned a $1m purse. This was the first main event televised by CBS in prime time since February 15, 1978, when Muhammad Ali lost a 15-round split decision and the heavyweight title to Leon Spinks in a massive upset. Thurman landed 235 of 539 punches (44 percent) and Porter landed 236 of 662 (36 percent). After the fight, there were immediate talks of a rematch. The fight averaged 3.1 million viewers, according to ESPN. The card itself averaged 2.4 million viewers. The live gate was over $1.1 million in ticket sales, the highest gate in the history of Barclays Center to date, it was also the second highest attendance in the history of Barclays Center, with over 12,000 paying customers in attendance. Premier Boxing Champions voted the bout as their 'Fight of the Year'.

Porter vs. Berto
On February 13, 2017, it was announced that a deal was close to being made between Porter and former Welterweight world champion Andre Berto (31–4, 24 KOs). On March 5, it was officially confirmed the fight would take place on April 22, 2017, at the Barclays Center in New York City with CBS confirming Showtime would televise the bout. Halfway through the press conference, promoter Lou DiBella confessed that he received a phone call from WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman and he reported the fight would be a final eliminator. On March 4, Keith Thurman defeated Danny Garcia to become the new WBA and WBC unified Welterweight champion.

In front of 9,118, Porter earned another world title fight against Thurman after he stopped Berto inside the distance. Porter used power shots to the body of Berto to wear him down over the rounds. Berto was dropped in round 2, the same round Porter suffered a bad cut from clash of heads. After round 4, Porter was cut above both eyes and Berto was cut above the left eye, all due to clash of heads. Porter dropped Berto once again in round 9, forcing the stoppage. At the time of stoppage, Porter was ahead on all scorecards, 79–72 and 78–74 (twice). Porter was the busier fighter, landing 175 of 448 (39%) punches thrown, whilst Berto landed 81 of 254 thrown (32%). Many experts called the fight dirty due to constant clash of heads and blood pouring from both fighters. Porter said, "My intention is never to use my head as a weapon. This was a just very hard-fought battle by both of us and I'm blessed to get the victory."

Porter earned $1 million whilst Berto got the higher amount of $1.2 million for the fight. The fight averaged 468,000 viewers on Showtime.

Porter vs. Granados
Due to Keith Thurman being sidelined for the remainder of 2017, on July 17 the WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman told ESPN Deportes, that he would likely order a fight between the #1 Porter and #2 Danny Garcia (33–1, 19 KOs) for the Interim WBC title. He also went on to state, if Porter or García declined to take part in the interim title fight, he would move on to the next highest available ranked fighter. At that time, Manny Pacquiao was #3, Jessie Vargas was #4 and Konstantin Ponomarev was ranked #5 by the WBC. A day later, Porter added fuel to the speculation when he called out García in a WWE-esque promo on social media, "I just heard that the WBC will ask Showtime Shawn Porter to fight another title eliminator. And they want me to fight none other than the cherry picker himself - Danny Garcia. What I say to you Danny Garcia - let's get it on," Porter claimed the ball was now in García's court.

On July 30, Ringtv announced that Porter would fight on the undercard of the Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor undercard at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, however won't be part of the Showtime PPV card. Instead his fight against 27 year old former light welterweight contender Thomas Dulorme (24–2, 16 KOs), who last fought in a stoppage loss to Terence Crawford in April 2015, would headline the preliminary card on Fox. Porter pulled out of his fight with Dulorme on August 17, 9 days before the fight, due to a death in his family. Mayweather Promotions released a statement confirming 2008 Olympic bronze medalist Yordenis Ugás (19–3, 9 KOs) would take his place in fighting Dulorme. On August 2, 2017, the WBC president confirmed that he still had the intention of ordering the fight between Porter and García for the interim title.

On September 28, ESPN reported that Porter would fight again before the end of the year on the Wilder vs. Stiverne undercard on November 4 at the Barclays Center in New York City against 28 year old Adrían Granados (18–5–2, 12 KOs) in a 10-round bout. Porter praised Granados ahead of the fight, "Against Granados I'm getting into the ring with someone who is very established as an amateur and a professional, has great skills and isn't going to go in there and lay down. That's always going to bring out the best in me."

Before a crowd of 10,924, Porter fought hard to earn a 12-round unanimous decision over Granados to claim the vacant WBC Silver welterweight title. All three judges' scored the fight The judges scored the fight 117–111 in favour of Porter. Porter worked hard and did enough to claim the 10 rounds. Throughout the rounds, although Granados was also effective, Porter switched tactics, notably working on the inside and land some clean shots. Porter faded in the 11th and 12th rounds, and resorted to using movement to preserve his win. Granados had enough energy to withstand any punishment inflicted by Porter. The crowd began to jeer in the final round, usually the more excited rounds, as Porter moved and clinched, rather than thrown punches. At one point in the final round, Porter grabbed gold of Granados to avoid being hit. Granados looked at the crowd and shouted, "He won't let go of me." CompuBox Stats showed that Porter was the busier and more accurate boxer, landing 209 of 583 punches thrown (36%), while Granandos landed 166 of 680 thrown (24%). Porter explained the reason he slowed down towards the championship rounds saying, "I hurt my left hand in the sixth round, but I kept using it,. I had to use my jab. It took a toll on me, and by the 10th round I just couldn't throw it anymore." For the win, Porter earned $500,000, while Granados took home a $200,000 purse. Granados thought he won the fight. The fight, which took place on a Showtime averaged 646,000 viewers and peaked at 696,000 viewers.

WBC welterweight champion

Porter vs. García
Father and trainer, Ken stated that Porter's next fight would be against WBA and WBC champion Keith Thurman. On April 24, 2018, Thurman vacated his WBC title, forcing the organisation to mandate Porter vs. Danny Garcia for the vacant title. On May 9, the WBC ordered purse bids to take place on May 25 if no agreement had been made, although the WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman confirmed talks were going well and a deal could be finalized before the bids. On the morning of May 25, Tom Brown informed the WBC a deal was in place for the bout to take place, thus the purse bids were cancelled. Brown stated the fight would take place at the Barclays Center in either August or September 2018. On July 24, the long-awaited announcement was finally made confirming the bout to take place at the Barclays Center on September 8, 2018. Before a crowd of 13,058 in attendance, Porter became a two-time world champion after defeating García via unanimous decision. The official scores were 116–112, 115–113, 115–113 in Porter's favour. Porter started off slowly in the first four rounds but then came on in the second half and took over, dominating the remainder of the bout. Both boxers boxed in the first quarter of the fight. Porter had little success in doing this. He then made adjustments and began fighting more on the inside and connecting with body shots. One of Porter's main attributes was the way he doubled his jab. It appeared García slowed down in the second half of the fight. This was likely due to the body attack from Porter. García believed he won the fight, but did not complain about the result. IBF champion Errol Spence Jr. entered the ring during Porter's post-fight interview with Porter stating a fight between the pair would be the 'easiest to make' in boxing. CompuBox stats showed that Porter landed 180 of 742 punches thrown (24%) and García landed with 168 of his 472 thrown (36%). For the fight, Porter earned $1 million and García made $1.2 million. The fight averaged 619,000 viewers and peaked at 690,000 viewers.

Porter vs. Ugás
On November 13, 2018, it was announced that Porter would make his first defence of his WBC title on March 9, 2019, against 32 year old Cuban contender and Mandatory challender Yordenis Ugás (23-3, 11 KOs). Ugas was ranked #6 by the WBC at the time. Premier Boxing Champions and FOX were due to confirm the announcements, as part of their new partnership via a huge press conference in Los Angeles. Ugás became the mandatory challenger after defeating Argentine boxer Cesar Barrionuevo via a 12 round unanimous decision in what was a final eliminator on the Porter vs. García undercard. Prior to the fight being made, Porter wanted a unification bout against Spence. He stated that 'mandatory obligations' came in the way of that bout happening next. The fight was set to take place at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada.

Porter vs. Spence Jr.

Porter fought Errol Spence Jr. on September 28, 2019, with Porter's WBC and Spence's IBF welterweight titles on the line. In a high-octane fight in which both men fought in the pocket, Porter started fast, sometimes overwhelming Spence Jr. in the early rounds. Spence Jr., however, began attacking Porter's body and was able to slowly gain a slight edge on the judges' scorecards. With the fight still close, Spence Jr. landed a short left hook to Porter's chin in round eleven, causing Porter's glove to touch the canvas and scoring the only knockdown of the fight. Porter remained on his feet and received an eight-count by referee Jack Reiss before resuming the contest, finishing the round, and engaging in an action-packed twelfth and final round. Porter lost by split decision with the judges scoring the bout 116–111, 116–111, 112–115. It was arguably a fight of the year candidate.

Post-title career

Porter vs. Formella
On August 22, 2020, Porter made his first appearance back in the ring since losing his WBC title in a bout against undefeated former IBO welterweight champion Sebastian Formella. Formella was ranked #8 by the IBF and #14 by the WBC. Porter dominated the fight, winning every round on all three judges' scorecards, with final scores of 120–108 across the board for a unanimous decision victory.

Porter vs. Crawford

On July 31, 2021, the WBO ordered their welterweight champion Terence Crawford to defend his title against Porter, the #2 ranked WBO welterweight contender. As the two sides were unable to negotiate the terms of the fight, the WBO set a purse bid for September 2, 2021, which was later postponed until September 14. Crawford and Porter would adhere to a 60-40 purse split, rather than the usual 80-20 split for mandated matches, taking into account the earnings from their three previous fights. On September 14, 2021, it was announced that a deal had been agreed to stage the fight on November 20 at Michelob Ultra Arena in Las Vegas, airing on ESPN+ PPV. Porter lost the bout via tenth-round technical knockout after being knocked down twice in the tenth round, prompting his corner to pull him from the fight.

Retirement
At the post fight press conference after the Crawford fight Porter announced his retirement from boxing, stating, "I was prepared to announce my retirement tonight, win, lose or draw. Even if it was a draw. I was not going to do it again. I'm announcing my retirement right now".

Broadcasting career
While still fighting at the top level in the welterweight division, Porter became a rising star in the boxing commentary field. He was a primary commentator for NBC's Ring City USA, plus the 2020 Summer Olympics boxing coverage. He's also worked on the broadcast team for Premier Boxing Champions' bouts on Fox, Fox Sports 1, and Fox Sports 2 and Triller Fite Club.

In 2020, Porter launched The Porter Way Podcast, a weekly podcast he hosts with two co-hosts that focuses on boxing and the world of sports.

Professional boxing record

Pay-per-view bouts

References

External links

Shawn Porter profile at Premier Boxing Champions
 Twitter
Shawn Porter - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

African-American boxers
Boxers from Ohio
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
Light-middleweight boxers
1987 births
Living people
American male boxers
World welterweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
Middleweight boxers
National Golden Gloves champions
World Boxing Council champions
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

Shawn Porter


Rules and Referee Committee (RRC) is the group responsible for upholding and interpretation of the Bandy Playing Rules. The committee is a part of the Federation of International Bandy but is working independently.

The committee is headed by a chairman and four vice chairmen, all from different countries. In 2015, Olle Modin (Sweden) was elected new chairman with vice chairmen from Finland, Norway and Russia. One post as vice chairman was left vacant.

References

Bandy organizations
Bandy rules
Federation of International Bandy

Rules and Referee Committee


The Sivas Congress () was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held for one week from 4 to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, which united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, defunct at the time in practical terms. At the time of the convention, the state capital (Constantinople) as well as many provincial cities and regions were under occupation by the Allied powers preparing for the partition of the Ottoman Empire. This was part of the wider conflict of the Turkish War of Independence.

Resolutions
The call for the congress had been issued by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with his Amasya Circular three months before and the preparatory work had been handled during the Erzurum Congress. The congress at Sivas took a number of vital decisions which were foundational in shaping the future policy to be conducted in the frame of the Turkish War of Independence. The Congress also united the multiple regional Defense of Rights Associations into the Association of the Defence of Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia.

Although smaller than the Erzurum Congress (with 38 delegates), the delegates came from a wider geographical area than was the case with the Erzurum Congress. Along with the Erzurum Congress, the Sivas Congress determined the main points of the Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) that the Turkish National Movement made with other Turkish resistance movements against the Allies to work together, namely the imperial government in Constantinople. The two bodies signed the Amasya Protocol the next month on 22 October 1919, calling for new elections after which the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies would consider the agreements of the Sivas Congress. Once word reached the occupying Allies in Constantinople, however, they dissolved the parliament, after which the remaining vestiges of the Ottoman imperial government would become antagonistic towards the Turkish National Movement based in Ankara.

Legacy
After the war of independence, The Association of the Defence of Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia would become a formal political party and rename themselves the Republican People's Party (CHP.) They retroactively declared the Sivas Congress their first Congress. The CHP is one of Turkey's major political parties to this day.

The building where the Sivas Congress took place was acquired by the Ministry of Culture in 1984 at the request of President Kenan Evren. It has since been open to the public as the Sivas Congress and Ethnography Museum.

References

External links

Turkish War of Independence
History of Sivas
Sivas vilayet
1919 in the Ottoman Empire
1919 conferences
September 1919 events
1910s political conferences

Sivas Congress


Sir Alan Geoffrey Wilson  FAcSS (born 8 January 1939) is a British mathematician and social scientist, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds and a professor at University College London.

Early life and education
Wilson was born in Bradford on 8 January 1939, and educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Darlington and the University of Cambridge where he was an undergraduate student of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and studied the Mathematical Tripos, graduating in 1960.

Career and research
Wilson converted in the 1960s from theoretical physics to the social sciences through research on the mathematical modelling of cities (working in Oxford and London). From 1961 to 1964, he was a Scientific Officer in the Theoretical Physics Group at the Rutherford Laboratory; from 1964 to 1966, a Research Officer at the Institute of Economics and Statistics in the University of Oxford; from 1966 to 1968, Head of the Mathematical Advisory Group at the Ministry of Transport; and from 1968 to 1970, Assistant Director of the Centre for Environmental Studies in London. He was appointed Professor of Urban and Regional Geography at the University of Leeds in 1970, Pro-Vice-Chancellor in 1989 and was Vice Chancellor from 1991. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1994, and was knighted in 2001.

Sir Alan retired in May 2004 after 13 years as Vice-Chancellor. During his time the University underwent unprecedented growth and transformation. Student numbers increased from 12,000 to 31,500, turnover increased from £100m to £320m and research income increased by more than 400% to £71m.

His knowledge of the university sector led to his appointment as first Director General for Higher Education by the UK Government at the Department for Education and Skills, a post which he took up part-time in February 2004 and full-time on 1 June 2004 until 2007. In this role, he was a key adviser to secretaries of state Charles Clarke, Ruth Kelly and Alan Johnson, and played a critical role in the government's drive to widen participation in higher education and maintaining a world-class education system.

In May 2006 he was appointed Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and took up the post in October. He resigned from the post of Master of Corpus Christi on 1 May 2007, after only seven months in post.

In September, 2007, he joined University College London to serve as Professor of Urban and Regional Systems at the Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis He was the Chairman of the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) from 2007-2013.
Since 2013, he has been Chair of the Home Office Science Advisory Council and Chair of the Lead Expert Group of the Government Office for Science Foresight project on the Future of Cities.

In 2016, he was appointed as Interim CEO of the Alan Turing Institute before becoming director of special projects when Adrian Smith took over. He retired as executive chair of the Ada Lovelace Institute in February 2020, having overseen the organisation's development phase, and was succeeded by Dame Wendy Hall.

Publications
 Entropy in urban and regional modelling. London: Pion, 1970. 166 p. / Russ. ed.: Вильсон А. Дж. Энтропийные методы моделирования сложных систем. – М., Наука, 1978. 248 с.

Awards and honours
Wilson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2006. He was awarded the Laureat d'Honneur by the International Geographical Union and the 2004 Prize in Regional Science by the European Regional Science Association.

Personal life
Wilson's wife's name is Sarah.

References

1939 births
Living people
Scientists from Bradford
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
British social scientists
English geographers
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of Academia Europaea
Academics of the University of Leeds
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Leeds
Masters of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Presidents of the Institute of Physics
Knights Bachelor
Academics of University College London
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Urban geographers
Regional scientists

Alan Wilson (academic)


Street literature is any of several different types of publication sold on the streets, at fairs and other public gatherings, by travelling hawkers, pedlars or chapmen, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Robert Collison's account of the subject describes street literature as the "forerunner of the popular press".

Leslie Shepard's "History of Street Literature" identifies a range of different publications as indicated by his subtitle: "The Story of Broadside Ballads, Chapbooks, Proclamations, News-Sheets, Election Bills, Tracts, Pamphlets, Cocks, Catchpennies, and Other Ephemera". Street literature therefore includes several different printed formats and publication types.

The main formats are:

Broadside ballad
Broadside ballads are traditional ballads printed on one side of a full sheet or half sheet of paper, often in landscape orientation. Intended to be pasted on to walls for public consultation.

Chapbook

Chapbooks were small, paper-covered booklets, usually printed on a single sheet and folded into books of 8, 12, 16 or 24 pages, either stitched or unstitched. There are several sub-categories of chapbook, notably:
Histories - 12 or 24- page booklets containing popular accounts of historical figures, traditional tales, fairy stories etc.
Patters - 8 or 16-page publications containing simple religious texts, humorous or sensational stories such as accounts of murders or natural disaster. Sold by a patterer, which was 'a noisy talkative street hawker of songs, last dying speeches, &c.'.
Collections - 8 or 16-page publications containing collections of the lyrics of popular songs.

Popular prints
Popular prints encompass a wide range of cheap printed images of differing sizes and for different purposes. They were generally of low artistic merit and often contained sensational, humorous or bawdy subjects.

Slip songs
The lyrics of popular songs printed four or eight to a sheet and cut into slips, to be sold to theatre-goers or those attending other places of public entertainment.

Other terms used
While the term street literature (coined in the mid-nineteenth century) is common, there are several other terms used in association with street literature which categorise the type of content rather than the format. These terms are not mutually exclusive

Almanac – an annual publication listing a set of events forthcoming in the next year.
Catchpenny – cheap, mass-produced sheets printed on one side on unfolded sheets of paper.
Cock – fictitious narratives, in verse or prose, of murders, fires, and terrible accidents, sold in the streets as true accounts. "The man who hawks them, a patterer, often changes the scene of the awful event to suit the taste of the neighbourhood he is trying to delude."
Garland – originally used as an anthology of poems on a particular subject but the term was later used as a general descriptor in the titles of broadside ballads and chapbook histories (e.g. 'The amorous lady's garland; or, the handsome butcher of St. James's Market').
New-sheet – single sheets containing accounts of sensational news (murders, accounts of battles, natural disasters etc.), the fore-runners of newspapers, but published intermittently rather than serially.
Squib – a handbill containing short humorous or satiric writing, often associated with elections.
Gallows literature – a collective term for the biographies, confessions, "last speeches," and other verses supposedly written by felons, sold at public executions.
Tracts – some religious and political tracts would come under the category of street literature, especially those (such as the Cheap Repository Tracts) designed  for popular consumption and to replace other forms of street literature.
Other printed items such as advertisements, playbills, handbills, public notices, etc are sometimes listed under this term but since they are not sold they would be better described as printed ephemera.

Bibliography
Ashton, John. Modern Street Ballads. New Introduction by Leslie Shepard. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888. Reissued by Singing Tree Press, 1968.
David Atkinson, Steve Roud. Street literature of the long nineteenth century : producers, sellers, consumers , (Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2017). 9781443894999
Robert Collison. The story of street literature : forerunner of the popular press, (London : Dent 1973). 0460039741.
Charles Hindley, The True History of Tom and Jerry; or, The Day and Night Scenes of Life in London from the Start to the Finish! (London: Charles Hindley, 1886).
A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words, 2nd edn (London: John Camden Hotten, 1860).
John Morrison and Harold Burdekin. Curiosities of street literature : comprising "cocks" or "catchpennies", a large and curious assortment of street-drolleries, squibs, histories, comic tales in prose and verse, broadsides on the royal family, political litanies, dialogues, catechisms, acts of parliament, street political papers, a variety of " ballads on a subject," dying speeches and confessions : to which is attached the all-important and necessary affectionate copy of verses, (London : Reeves and Turner 1871).
Leslie Shephard. The history of street literature : the story of broadside ballads, chapbooks, proclamations, news-sheets, election bills, tracts, pamphlets, cocks, catchpennies, and other ephemera / (Newton Abbott: David & Charles 1973).
Susan C. Staub. Nature's cruel stepdames : murderous women in the street literature of seventeenth century England, (Pittsburgh, Penn. : Duquesne University Press [2004]).

References

See also
https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/street-literature
The Word on the Street – Broadsides at the National Library of Scotland searchable  online database
University of Glasgow Broadside Collection
Street Ballads
  Street Ballads of Victorian England

Publications by format
Chapbooks
Street culture

Street literature


The Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States or Blue Book is an American army book from the Revolutionary War.  It is about how to teach soldiers to be good soldiers.  Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben wrote the first version in 1777 and 1778 at Valley Forge. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and other officers in the Continental Army helped.  Von Steuben rewrote the book a year later.

At Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778, Acting Inspector General von Steuben saw that many Continental officers gave their men different drills. Drills are practice exercises.  Using different drills meant the men might become confused in a real battle.  Von Steuben wrote new drills for the whole army.  He wrote them French.  His aide-de-camp, Pierre Ettienne Duponceau, and George Washington's aides-de-camp, Alexander Hamilton and John Laurens rewrote them in English.  General George Washington would read the drills and make changes. They gave each lesson to the officers one at a time.  Then the officers or their helpers made their own copies.  Then van Steuben and the officers would use the drills with the men.

The next year, in Philadelphia, von Steuben wrote down his Valley Forge drills in one book.  He wrote it in French.  Lieutenant Colonel Francois de Fleury helped.  Then Captain Benjamin Walker and Duponceu rewrote the book in English.  Captain Pierre Charles L'Enfant drew the pictures.

Congress decided to use the book starting in 1779.  The American military used the Blue Book until 1814.

References

American Revolutionary War
1770s books


Daniel James Negley Farson (8 January 1927 – 27 November 1997) was a British writer and broadcaster, strongly identified with the early days of commercial television in the UK, when his sharp, investigative style contrasted with the BBC's more deferential culture.

Farson was a prolific biographer and autobiographer, chronicling the bohemian life of Soho and his own experiences of running a music-hall pub on east London's Isle of Dogs. His memoirs were titled Never a Normal Man.

Early life
Farson was born in Kensington, west London, the son of an American journalist, Negley Farson, and his British wife. His childhood was mostly divided between Britain and North America. He visited Germany with his father while Negley was reporting on the Nazi regime, and was patted on the head by Adolf Hitler, who described him as a "good Aryan boy". Farson briefly attended the British public school Wellington College, whose militaristic regime was not to his taste. He had already become intensely aware of his homosexuality, which sporadically caused him great emotional strain. As a teenager he worked as a parliamentary correspondent and was pursued in the House of Commons by the Labour Member of Parliament Tom Driberg.

1950s
Farson joined Associated-Rediffusion, the first British commercial television company, in the mid-1950s. Here he took risks that few television interviewers (certainly not those employed at the then-conservative BBC) would dare to take. In his series Out of Step (1957) and People in Trouble (1958) – never shown at the same time throughout the ITV network, but much repeated in various regions well into the early 1960s – he dealt with issues of social exclusion and alienation that most of the media at the time preferred to sweep under the carpet. The best remembered editions of these series are the Out of Step programme on nudism (the term "naturism" had yet to become commonplace), which claimed to show the first naked woman on British television, and the People in Trouble programme on mixed marriages (a highly sensitive issue at the time as post-war immigrants tentatively began to integrate into British life). They were repeated in 1982 on Channel 4.

Another 1958 Farson series, entitled Keeping in Step, looked at establishment institutions such as public schools from a distinctly more distanced perspective than that seen on virtually all BBC programmes (and even most other Associated-Rediffusion programmes) of the time.  A regular guest on Farson's programmes at this stage was James Wentworth Day, a reactionary British writer of the Agrarian Right school, who commented in the programme about mixed marriages, referring to mixed-race children as "coffee-coloured little imps" and argued that black people must be less "civilised" than white people because "their grandfathers were eating each other" (Wentworth Day's remarks were featured in Victor Lewis-Smith's series Buygones and TV Offal).  Farson would usually respond to these diatribes with a polite statement along the lines of "I couldn't disagree with you more, but at least you do say what you really feel".

However, Wentworth Day's appearances came to an end when he said all homosexuals should be hanged. Farson insisted that the episode of People in Trouble in which Wentworth Day had made those remarks – concerning transvestism – was scrapped before it had been completed. He publicly insisted that the Independent Television Authority would ban it; in reality Farson was terrified that Wentworth Day would attempt to bring him to trial. After this, Farson immediately froze Wentworth Day out of his life and his programmes.

Farson's broadcasting career, however, continued to flourish. Farson's Guide to the British (1959–1960) took a critical eye at a nation in transition and was the first public expression of his long-term quest for the true identity of Jack the Ripper.  Other series included Farson in Australia (1961) and Dan Farson Meets ... (1962), which usually featured popular singers of the time.  The one-off programme Beat City (1963) was an atmospheric evocation of the Liverpool scene which had given birth to The Beatles and the sociological factors which had brought it into being. In 1960, he helmed Living For Kicks, a documentary about the frustrations and uncertainties of British teenagers in the post-Elvis, pre-Beatles era.

The Daily Sketch, a tabloid paper then owned by Associated Newspapers (who were the "Associated" in Associated-Rediffusion, although they had sold their stake in the company by this time), led the chorus of revulsion to the documentary. The Daily Mirror responded with a defence of British teenagers; a considerable war of words then developed between the two papers, with the Mirrors well-remembered TV commercials ("The Daily Mirror backs the young!") representing its position on the matter.

1960s
In 1962 Farson made a documentary for Associated-Rediffusion about pub entertainment in the East End of London where he lived, called Time Gentlemen Please (this led directly to the company's later series Stars and Garters, with which Farson was not, however, personally involved).  Soon after this he bought a pub, The Waterman's Arms, in the East End with the explicit intent of reviving old-time music hall, but it failed. He later said the money he lost would have been enough to buy a row of houses at the time (1963).

By the end of 1964 he had resigned from Associated-Rediffusion (by then renamed Rediffusion London). He kept a lower public profile for the rest of his life.  He moved from London to live in his parents' house in Devon (his father had died in 1960), but continued to make regular visits to the pubs and drinking clubs of Soho.

1970s to 1990s
Farson remained a prolific author and produced several volumes of memoirs.  Soho in the Fifties (1987) recalled his participation in the "Bohemia" of Soho.  Limehouse Days (1991) recalled his disastrous East End pub venture.  These and other books were illustrated with his own photographs.

In 1972, Farson authored Jack the Ripper which proposed the Montague John Druitt as a suspect. He wrote a number of studies of artists and authors. The Man Who Wrote Dracula (1975) is a biography of his grand-uncle, Bram Stoker.  While living at his father's old house in North Devon Farson established a close friendship with the writer Henry Williamson, an Agrarian Right ally of James Wentworth Day), and later he paid tribute to Williamson with a book, Henry: An Appreciation of Henry Williamson published in 1982, five years after Williamson's death. Sacred Monsters (1988) is a collection of essays on artists and writers he had known.

Farson also wrote the authorised biography of his friend the painter Francis Bacon, The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon (1994). At Bacon's insistence it was not published until after the artist's death. The 1998 film Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon starring Derek Jacobi and Daniel Craig draws heavily on the book, showing Farson (played by Adrian Scarborough) socialising with Bacon, as well as interviewing him on television. The film is dedicated to Farson's memory.

His last book was a "portrait" of the artists Gilbert and George, published posthumously in 1999. He had already, in 1991, published an informal account of a trip he took with them to Moscow.

Farson devised the Channel 4 art quiz Gallery, and he worked as TV critic and, later, art critic for The Mail on Sunday.

He also wrote travel books, including A Traveller in Turkey, The Independent Traveller's guide to Turkey and A Dry Ship to the Mountains (Down the Volga and Across the Caucasus in My Father's Footsteps), the book version of the children's TV series The Clifton House Mystery (produced by HTV West for ITV in 1978), and an appreciation of Marie Lloyd and music hall.

Final years
His father had been an alcoholic, and Farson himself had been a heavy drinker since his days in Soho in the 1950s. In later years the effects of alcoholism became more apparent. He knew he was dying of cancer in March 1997, when his self-deprecating autobiography, Never A Normal Man (a phrase actually used to describe his father, not himself), was published.  He was hung over when he appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme Midweek to promote this book.

He died at his house in Georgeham in Devon on 27 November 1997.

Publications

Biography

Jack the Ripper (1972)
Marie Lloyd & Music Hall (1972)
The Man Who Wrote Dracula: A Biography of Bram Stoker (1975)
Henry: An Appreciation of Henry Williamson (1982)
With Gilbert & George in Moscow (1991)
The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon (1994)
Never a Normal Man: An Autobiography (1997)

Memoirs
Soho In The Fifties (1987)
Limehouse Days (1991)

Cryptozoology and monsters
Vampires, Zombies and Monster Men (1976)
Mysterious Monsters (1978) [with Angus Hall]
The Hamlyn Book of Monsters (1984)

Horror and paranormal

The Beaver Book of Horror (1977)
The Hamlyn Book of Ghosts in Fact and Fiction (1978)
The Hamlyn Book of Horror (1979)
Curse (1980)
Transplant (1981)

Travel

Traveller in Turkey (1985)
Swansdowne (1986)
Turkey (1988)
A Dry Ship to the Mountains (1994)

References

External links

 Article on Farson and his television work
 Article on Farson at a British Film Institute site
 Obituary in The Daily Telegraph
 Obituary in The Independent
 Review of Farson's autobiography in The Spectator
 Review of Farson's autobiography in The Independent on Sunday

1927 births
1997 deaths
20th-century English LGBT people
20th-century English memoirists
English people of American descent
English people of Irish descent
Historians of Jack the Ripper
People from Kensington
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
English non-fiction writers
English male journalists
English male non-fiction writers
English writers on paranormal topics
English art critics
Daily Mail journalists
English travel writers
English biographers
English television presenters
British gay writers
English LGBT writers
Burials in Devon
Deaths from cancer in England

Daniel Farson


Sean Joseph Morey (born February 26, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Brown Bears.  He was selected by the New England Patriots in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL Draft.  Morey also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers and Arizona Cardinals.  He won Super Bowl XL with the Steelers against the Seattle Seahawks.

Early years
Morey graduated from Marshfield High School of Marshfield, Massachusetts in 1994. Because of his light weight, Morey did not receive a scholarship offer from his dream school Boston College and had a partial scholarship offer from Northeastern University, so he decided to attend Hebron Academy.  At Hebron, Morey led the football team to win the New England Prep School Class D Championship in 1994. He would win All-Evergreen League Team, Evergreen League MVP, and Class D New England Player of the Year while playing football for Hebron.  He played both wide receiver and defensive back while in high school.

College career
After graduating from Hebron Academy, he attended Brown University, where he finished with an Ivy League record 251 receptions for 3,850 yards and 40 touchdowns, and was voted Ivy League player of the year in 1997 — when he caught 74 passes for an Ivy League-record 1,434 yards and 15 touchdowns.  Sean was one of seven Brown players selected as First-Team All-Ivy League in 1998, including Stephen Campbell (WR), Zack Burns (TE), Tim Hevesy (C), James Perry (QB), Alex Pittz (CB) and Ephraim "Fry" Wernick (DL). Sean Morey finished his career second in all-time receiving yards in Division I-AA behind only Jerry Rice. After his college career, Sean was the first Brown player to have his number retired. He also earned a degree with honors in organizational behavior and management.

Morey won the Ivy League Bushnell Cup in 1997.

Professional career

New England Patriots
Morey was originally selected with the 35th pick of the seventh round of the 1999 NFL Draft by the New England Patriots. He remained with the Patriots until the end of the 2000 season, with the majority of his time being spent on the practice squad.  Rod Rutledge caught Tom Brady's first career pass.

Philadelphia Eagles
In 2001 Morey joined the Philadelphia Eagles where he would become 2003 Special Teams MVP. That same year he was nominated for Dr. Z's (Sports Illustrated) All-Pro team as a special teams player. Also in 2003, Morey became the 12th player in NFL Europe history to catch 3 touchdown passes in a game while playing for the Barcelona Dragons.

Pittsburgh Steelers
The Steelers acquired Morey September 6, 2004 as an unrestricted free agent. He was captain of special teams for Pittsburgh.  Morey's role for the Steelers was mostly special teams; he did not usually line up at wide receiver.  In 2006, Morey's role expanded because of injuries to wide receivers Hines Ward and Cedrick Wilson.  He finished the season with just 2 receptions (bringing his career total to 3), but also contributed with his blocking and with his work on special teams. He collected a team-high 21 special teams tackles while also returning eight kickoffs for 202 yards (25.3 yard avg.). In a Week 11 24-20 victory over the Browns, he had a 76-yard kickoff return.

Arizona Cardinals
The Arizona Cardinals signed Morey on March 15, 2007 to a three-year free agent contract. Morey rejoined ex-Steeler coaches Ken Whisenhunt (head coach), Russ Grimm (assistant head coach / offensive line) and Kevin Spencer (special teams) in Arizona.

The Cardinals released Morey on March 17, 2008, but re-signed him on March 26.

Morey blocked a punt in overtime against the Cowboys on October 12, 2008 that was run in by teammate, Monty Beisel, for the game-winning touchdown.  It was the first time in NFL history that a game was ended in overtime by a blocked punt that resulted in a touchdown.

Morey was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2008 as a special teamer.

Seattle Seahawks
Morey signed with the Seattle Seahawks on March 29, 2010. He never played a game for them, however, announcing his retirement due to concussions just hours before the start of training camp on July 31.

Coaching
In February 2014, Morey accepted the head coach position for the Sprint Football team at Princeton University.  For the two previous years, he was a Department of Athletics Fellow for general administration at Princeton. Princeton shut down the sprint football team after two seasons with Morey as coach; Morey failed to win a single game as coach of the Tigers, continuing a 16-year-long losing streak.

Now, Morey is a high school football coach at Notre Dame High School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey as a Defensive Coordinator.

Concussion activism
In May 2014, Morey, along with a group of plaintiffs, filed a formal objection to the National Football League Players' Concussion Injury Litigation and Proposed Settlement being overseen by US District Court Judge Anita Brody. The objection sought to highlight what some players see as a narrow scope of the settlement, claiming, among other things, that "The settlement would have compensated only a small subset of [mild-traumatic-brain-injury-related] injuries to the exclusion of all others."

Personal
His wife, Cara formerly played defense for the Brampton Thunder of the  Canadian Women's Hockey League in Ontario after starting at Brown in ice hockey and field hockey. His father, Dennis, was also a semi-pro football player with several teams, including the Brockton, MA Pros, his grandfather, Joe, and his great uncle, Dick, both have been inducted to the Bridgewater State Hall of Fame for basketball. He has three daughters, Devan, Kathryn "Kate", and Shea "Piper".

Morey was featured on an episode of the Canadian sports/comedy program Cabbie on the Street, where it was revealed he lives in Toronto during the offseason. Morey appeared in Sports Illustrated'''s "Faces in the Crowd" feature in the magazine's January 12, 1998 issue.

Morey and his wife Cara were featured in a November 2007 episode of the HGTV show Divine Design''.

In October 2010, Morey was named co-chair of the NFL Players Association's newly formed Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury Committee.  Morey suffered more than twenty concussions in his career.  Morey's committee has two main goals: the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of concussions and traumatic brain injuries in active players and research into the long-term cumulative effects of such injuries on NFL players.

On January 31, 2014, Morey and his wife were interviewed about traumatic brain injury in football players by Melissa Block on NPR's "All Things Considered."

See also
Living former players diagnosed with or reporting symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy

References

External links

Arizona Cardinals bio

1976 births
Living people
People from Marshfield, Massachusetts
Players of American football from Plymouth County, Massachusetts
American football wide receivers
Brown Bears football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New England Patriots players
Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe) players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Arizona Cardinals players
Seattle Seahawks players
Concussion activists
Hebron Academy alumni

Sean Morey (American football)


Don Kennard (May 6, 1929 – March 17, 2011) was a United States politician for the Democratic Party representing Fort Worth and Tarrant County in both the Texas House of Representatives and the Texas Senate from 1953 to 1973. Kennard represented the former District 60–3 in the Texas House from 53rd through the 62nd Legislatures, and the Tenth District in the 58th through the 62nd Legislatures.

Kennard was an early proponent of a wide variety of conservation-related initiatives in the Legislature. He is particularly celebrated for his success in securing dedicated funding for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department from cigarette taxes.

Kennard was indirectly responsible for the Fort Worth Zoo obtaining a baby elephant in 1964.

Following his service in the Legislature, Kennard taught and led research efforts at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas. He is especially noted for coordinating the Natural Area Survey, which provided the blueprint for many years of later public land acquisitions of Texas areas of special ecological, scenic, or historic value.

References

External links
Texas Legacy Project

Politicians from Fort Worth, Texas
Democratic Party Texas state senators
Democratic Party members of the Texas House of Representatives
1929 births
2011 deaths

Don Kennard