Lotna is a 1959 Polish war film directed by Andrzej Wajda.

Overview
This highly symbolic film is both the director's tribute to the long and glorious history of the Polish cavalry, as well as a more ambiguous portrait of the passing of an era. Wajda was the son of a Polish Cavalry officer who was murdered in the Katyn massacre.

The horse Lotna represents the entire Romantic tradition in culture, a tradition that had a huge influence in the course of Polish history and the formation of Polish literature. Lotna is Wajda's meditation on the historical breaking point that was 1939, as well as a reflection on the ending of an entire era for literature and culture in Poland and in Europe as a whole. Writing of the film, Wajda states that it "held great hopes for him, perhaps more than any other." Sadly, Wajda came to think of Lotna "a failure as a film."

The film remains highly controversial, as Wajda includes a mythical scene in which Polish horsemen suicidally charge a unit of German tanks, an event that never actually happened.

Synopsis
During the Second World War, Poland has been invaded by Nazi Germany. Lotna, a beautiful mare that belonged to a wealthy nobleman (Henryk Cudnowski) is given to Captain Chodakiewicz (Jerzy Pichelski), the commander of a Polish Cavalry squadron, and immediately becomes a bone of contention for everyone in the unit.

Lieutenant Wodnicki (Adam Pawlikowski), Cadet Grabowski (Jerzy Moes) and Sergeant Major Laton (Mieczysław Łoza) jealously scheme among themselves to get their hands on the horse. However, the war takes the lives of Captain Chodakiewicz and Cadet Grabowski, and Lotna falls is passed to Wodnicki. Laton feels he should get the animal and so he steals Lotna and flees amidst the abandoned supply wagons and equipment of the retreating Polish Army.

Cast
 Jerzy Pichelski as Captain Chodakiewicz
 Adam Pawlikowski as Lieutenant Wodnicki
 Jerzy Moes as Cadet Grabowski
 Mieczysław Łoza as Sergeant Major Latoś
 Bożena Kurowska as Ewa
 Henryk Cudnowski as nobleman
 Irena Malkiewicz
 Bronisław Dardziński
 Wiesław Gołas

Legacy
During an ad limina visit of the Polish bishops to the Vatican, Pope Francis referenced the scene in Lotna depicting an equine competition won by a priest, encouraging the Polish bishops to charge forward like the priest in the film and give witness to their faith in society. When learning that the pope had referenced his film, Andrzej Wajda replied that it was worth living as long as he did.

See also
 Cinema of Poland
 List of Polish language films
 Karol Rómmel

References

External links

 Essay on Lotna by Peter Gessner

1959 films
1950s Polish-language films
Polish black-and-white films
Invasion of Poland
Films directed by Andrzej Wajda
Polish World War II films

Lotna


The Kandyan Treaty of 1638 was a treaty between the Kingdom of Kandy and the Dutch Republic signed by King Rajasinghe II and Dutch Naval Commander Adam Westerwold and Vice Commander Willem Jacobszoon Coster of the Dutch East India Company. The treaty was signed on 23 May, 1638 in Batticaloa. The treaty secured the terms under which the two nations would cooperate in defending the Kandyan Kingdom from the Portuguese.

Key content

The Dutch agree to support the king of Kandy to drive the Portuguese from the country.
The Kandyan king would settle Dutch military debt incurred through battle against the Portuguese with commodities such as cinnamon, pepper and beeswax.
Grant the Dutch the monopoly of collecting commodities from the Kandyan areas except for elephants.
Agree to deploy, if the king wished to do so (this phrase was removed in the Sinhala translation in which the Dutch smuggled the king to sign this), the Dutch army at the fortresses that would be captured from the Portuguese.

Kandyan period
Treaties of the Kingdom of Kandy
1638 treaties
Treaties of the Dutch Republic
History of Kandy
Treaties of the Dutch East India Company
1638 in the Dutch Empire

Kandyan Treaty of 1638


Abraham Manie Adelstein (28 March 1916 – 18 October 1992) was a South African born medical doctor who became the United Kingdom's Chief Medical Statistician.

Career
Adelstein was the fourth of five children (four boys and one girl) of Nathan Adelstein, a miller, and Rosie Cohen, Jewish immigrants from Latvia to South Africa.

After graduating from the University of Witwatersrand and doing military service, Adelstein worked as a Health Officer (research and medical statistics) at South African Railways, 1947–61. He spent 1951–53 studying at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He returned to South African Railways as the Director of Research and Medical Statistics.

Moving to England in 1961, he became
 Senior Lecturer at the University of Manchester, 1961–67,
 medical statistician at the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in 1967
 Chief Medical Statistician in 1975 (among his staff was John Fox, who later held this post).
 Visiting Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine after retiring in 1981, until 1984.

David Adelstein, one of his sons, was an active student politician at L.S.E. during the 1960s; he was President of LSE Students' Union during the famous protests in 1967. Both father and son were active politically on the left-wing and in anti-Apartheid politics.

Honours
 Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1977
 Donald Reid Medal, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1979
 Bisset Hawkins Medal, Royal College of Physicians, 1983
 Fellow, Faculty of Public Health Medicine

References

 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
 Who was Who
 Frank Whitehead "Abraham Manie Adelstein, 1916-92" Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), Vol. 156, No. 2. (1993), pp. 316–318.

1916 births
1992 deaths
Academics of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Civil servants in the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys
Donald Reid Medalists
20th-century British mathematicians
British statisticians
British epidemiologists
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Jewish scientists
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
South African emigrants to the United Kingdom
South African Jews
South African people of Latvian-Jewish descent
20th-century British Jews

Abraham Manie Adelstein


Candida Cave is a practising painter, playwright and art historian.  In 1978, she and artist Nicholas Cochrane founded Hampstead Hampstead Fine Arts College, an independent sixth form college specialising in the study of Arts and Humanities, where she is Principal.

Candida studied painting at The Ruskin School of Fine Art & Drawing, Oxford. She paints in oil and tempera and her current work is inspired by medieval miniatures, illuminated manuscripts and Gothic stained glass. Her work has been exhibited at the Mall Galleries, London and the Limetree Kitchen and in the ARTWAVE Visual Arts Festival.

Her plays include Still Lives, Savonarola, Bonfires and Vanities and Lotte's Journey.  Her most recent play on the Mitford sisters had a rehearsed reading at the Lyric Studio, Hammersmith. Cave's plays are often set in an historical context and have been performed at the Royal Academy of Arts, the British Museum, Tate Britain, the National Portrait Gallery, London theatres and for the British Council in Florence, Bologna and Rome.

References
Review for Lotte's Journey, the Times
Art Exhibition at LimeTree Kitchen
From ArtWave 2014

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British dramatists and playwrights

Candida Cave


is a manga series created by Fujiko F. Fujio in 1977 and serialized in Shōnen Big Comic. It tells stories about Mami, a middle schoolgirl who one day finds out she has various psychic powers, and how she uses them to help people.

The series was later adapted into an anime series in 1987 and an anime film in 1988.

This series has a similar premise to one of Fujiko F. Fujio's earlier shorts titled Akage no Anko ("Redheaded Anko"), later retitled Anko Ōi ni Okoru ("When Anko Really Gets Angry"), which is about Anko Aoyama, a teenage girl who discovers her psychic powers and the dark secret of her mother's lineage of true witches, and who also poses nude for her own father.

Plot
Mami Sakura used to be a normal junior high school student, but she happened to acquire supernatural powers. Using her powers and with the help of her childhood friend, Kazuo Takahata, she solves mysterious occurrences. When she senses someone needs help, she uses the "Teleportation Gun" (a heart-shaped brooch Takahata designs) and transports herself there. She then saves people in trouble with her psychic powers, such as telekinesis and telepathy.

Character
  (voiced by Keiko Yokozawa)
The chief character. A student of Tobita Junior High School  in "the Sama hill", in the suburbs of Tokyo. Her powers are awakened by an unexpected coincidence and she uses the power for acts of kindness afterward. She is bright, but careless and rather meddlesome. Mami isn't very good at studying or housework, especially cooking, which becomes a recurring joke throughout the series. Her father is an artist, and Mami usually poses as a nude model for his painting in exchange for more allowances. She was going to reveal her supernatural power to her father, but her friend Kazuo told her that her French ancestors were hunted as witches, and refrains from telling him. She is sometimes called "Mami-kō" by her father (with 公 kō, literally "duke" or "European sovereign prince", being used in a disdainful way). Mami has a red hair. She wears a white shirt with a sailor neckerchief, a light blue scarf, blue skirt, white socks and black shoes. When Mami prepared to fly in the sky every night, she wears a white shirt with short sleeves, blue dress, white socks and black shoes. Mami's main power is telekinesis. She also possesses a levitation ability (she can float not only herself but several objects at the same time), telepathy and teleportation, although, she often collides with objects and other people. Takahata created a teleportation gun, so that Mami can control her teleportation.
  (voiced by Hiroyuki Shibamoto)
A student of Tobita Junior High School and Mami's best friend. He originally thought Mami's supernatural powers are his, which upset him greatly when he found the truth but later supports Mami in developing her powers. He is a real genius, helping Mami understand her powers and develop them. Although he really likes amateur baseball, he is awful at it, which make Mami sometimes secretly interfere to help his team. He often comes up with alibis for Mami whenever she gets in trouble with her parents. He has a good understanding of Mami, and often supports her.
  (voiced by Akari Hibino)
A dog which looks more like a raccoon dog or fox, and Mami's pet. He loves fried bean curd, and often cries "Fyan Fyan". Mary, the neighbor's dog, likes him. He understood human words and always got offended if being mistaken for a fox/raccoon dog (a trait shared by another Fujiko F. Fujio character, Doraemon the robot cat). Originally he hates Kazuo because he often accidentally sing songs about raccoon dogs but later becomes friend when Kazuo saved Mami from a collapsed tunnel.
  (voiced by Hiroshi Masuoka)
Mami's father and a painter. He often holds private exhibitions (but the pictures don't sell very well) and also works as art lecturer in a municipal senior high school. He is a laid back, clumsy person who enjoys pickled radish and smoking pipe. His grandfather married a French painter, whose lineage is believed to be the source of Mami's powers. He made an evacuation of schoolchildren in Yamanashi during the war. Because his father was affiliated with Europe and America, he was often bullied in his youth. He calls his daughter "Mami-kō" (Mami duke). He has a younger brother named Hyakuro, and Ichiro, an older brother in the country.
  (voiced by Yoshiko Sakakibara)
Mami's mother. She works at the foreign desk of Asauri Newspaper. She is a person of high morals. She often scorns Mami over her study and housework.
  (voiced by Yumi Nakatani)
The woman who lives in the same town as the Sakuras. She likes gossip.
  (voiced by Nozomu Sasaki)
Mami's classmate and a baseball friend of Takahata. He seems to be Yukiko's boyfriend. A person with strong sense of justice, he is a member to the newspaper club, though rather unreliable, but does not yield to threats from delinquents.
  (voiced by Yuriko Fuchizaki)
One of Mami's friends. Her pet name is "Non". She is a very optimistic person. She loves to cook, and often feeds Mami and Takahata.
  (voiced by Hiroko Emori)
One of Mami's friends. Her pet name is "Sacchan". She is the calmest of the group. She seems to be Takenaga's girlfriend.
  (voiced by Yoku Shioya)
The delinquent. Mami's powers first surfaced when his group attacked Takabata. Mami's powers once temporarily shifted to him by accident.
  (voiced by Yoshikazu Hirano)
Mami's classmate. Wears glasses and is a classic music enthusiast.
   (voiced by Hirotaka Suzuoki)
Director of the movie club at Tobita Junior High School. He planned to do a movie called "Transparent Dracula", featuring a character like Mami, but he wanted a nude scene of the character.
  (voiced by Nobuo Tobita)
Vice Director of the Tobita movie club. He was engaged in film photography when he spotted manipulation had been added to the picture (by Mami). He began to believe that Mami was an esper, and started following her around. His father is a director of a first-class business company.
  (voiced by Hiromi Tsuru)
A childhood friend of Takahata. She calls Takabata "Kazuo" and is called "the wonder" from Takahata. She is in her early twenties, and usually rides a motorcycle. She likes disco and liquor.

Media

Anime
The animated adaptation of the series aired in Japan from April 7, 1987, to October 26, 1989, with 119 episodes and a TV special being broadcast. Four pieces of theme music were used for it: two opening themes and two ending themes. The first opening theme is  by Hashimoto Ushio, which was used for episodes 1–107, and the TV special. The second opening theme is "S・O・S" by Hashimoto Ushio and SHINES, which was used for episodes 108–119. The first ending theme is  by Hashimoto Ushio, which was used for episodes 28-107. The second ending theme is  by Hashimoto Ushio, which was used for episodes 108–119. Episodes 1-27 did not have an ending theme because they were aired as part of a block of other Fujiko F. Fujio anime, which had its own ending theme for the entire block. One insert song was also featured in episode 30, entitled  by Junichiro Oda, and was originally composed as an image song based on the popular 1987 Shōjo manga series, "Nanairo Magic" by Yū Asagiri.

The series was not available on home video in any form until 2003, in which 12 of the 119 episodes were released on 6 VHS cassette tapes、(each tape having two episodes). The "Dancing Dolls in the Starlit Sky" short film, which had originally premiered in Japanese theaters on March 12, 1988, as a pre-movie bonus before Doraemon: The Record of Nobita's Parallel Visit to the West, was also released on a 2003 VHS cassette tape with the "Pro Golfer Saru" short film. These VHS tapes were marked only for use in rental video shops in Japan, and could not be sold in stores.

The complete TV series was first released as individual rental-only DVDs in October 2007, and as retail DVDs for purchase beginning on December 20, 2007. The retail DVDs were released in two box sets, the first of which contained episodes 1-60, and the second containing episodes 61-119 and "My Angel, Mami-chan", the main story from the TV special that originally aired on December 27, 1988. However, due to manufacturing issues, the next episode previews that originally followed each episode were left off of the first box set. In order to make up for their error, the publisher of the DVDs included a mail-in form in which those who bought both box sets could send in proof of purchases for them and receive a "ESPer Mami Special DVD" that contained the next episode previews for all 119 episodes, along with the unaired pilot film for the series, creditless opening and ending theme songs, promotional videos used to promote the series prior to it first premiering, and the animated interstitials for the TV special that were edited out of the main DVDs.

Due to the many problems with the two original DVD releases, the animated series was re-released as a single 21-disc "Anniversary DVD Box" on October 29, 2014. This new anniversary set was released with the same material as the two previous 10-disc box sets and the Special DVD, except that the previews for episodes 1-60 were included at the end of each episode, and the space that was used for the previews on the Special 21st disc was replaced with the "Dancing Dolls in the Starlit Sky" animated movie that had not previously been released on DVD.

In May 2018, it was announced that the Yahoo! Japan had picked up the rights to stream a new digitally remastered 1080p HD version of the ESPer Mami series on their "GYAO!" online video streaming service. As it is a remaster, this version does not have the faded colors and mis-coloring that had been present on the DVD versions. GYAO! began streaming the remastered series for free on May 22, 2018, with one new episode being added to the service each day, and each episode being available for viewing for 14 days after it first appeared on the website, after which it was removed.

The series was also translated and dubbed in various countries.

See also
 Perman, a manga about grade school superheroes.

References

External links

1977 manga
1987 anime television series debuts
1988 anime films
1988 films
1989 Japanese television series endings
Anime series based on manga
Animated films based on manga
Fujiko F Fujio
Manga adapted into films
Fiction about psychic powers
Shōnen manga
TV Asahi original programming
Shin-Ei Animation
Shogakukan franchises
Shogakukan manga

Mami the Psychic


Suessite is a rare iron silicide mineral with chemical formula: Fe3Si. The mineral was named after Professor Hans E. Suess. It was discovered in 1982 during the chemical analysis of The North Haig olivine pigeonite achondrite (ureilite). It is a cream white color in reflected light, and ranges in size from 1 μm "blebs" to elongated grains that can reach up to 0.45 cm in length.  This mineral belongs in the isometric crystal class.  The isometric class has crystallographic axes that are all the same length and each of the three axes perpendicular to the other two.  It is isotropic, has a structural type of DO3 and a crystal lattice of BiF3.

Optical Properties

Suessite is an isotropic mineral, Isotropism is defined as an optical property of a mineral that stays the same from whatever direction it is observed. In thin-section microscopy, an isotropic mineral has only one refractive index. This means that light that passes through the mineral is not split into two different directions, but it passes through unchanged. Suessite, as determined from the previous definition, only has one index of refraction. When Keil, Fuchs, and Berkley first discovered the mineral they described it as having a relatively low optical relief, but there was no determination of the index of refraction.  In plane polarized light, suessite is a reddish-brown color that shows no pleochroism.

Importance of suessite
"Suessite can form under highly reducing conditions" say the scientists who discovered this mineral.  Only one out of eight ureilites studied (the North Haig ureilite) by this group contained suessite. Most contained trace amounts of kamacite which is the mineral from which Suessite is formed. In this particular study, the meteorite that contained suessite contained the highest amounts of shock metamorphism, which can be determined from the size of a shatter cone created from the impact.  This could mean that suessite is formed due to the extreme increase in temperature combined with reduction of silicate rims, shortly followed by a rapid decrease in temperature.  This means that, in meteorites, the abundance of suessite can be used to identify deformation associated with shock metamorphism, which could be used to determine various characteristics of the studied meteorites.

Other iron silicide minerals
The other natural iron silicides include gupeiite (Fe3Si), hapkeite (Fe2Si), linzhiite (FeSi2), luobusaite (Fe0.84Si2), naquite (FeSi), xifengite (Fe5Si3), and zangboite (TiFeSi2).

References

Native element minerals
Iron minerals
Ferromagnetic materials
Transition metal silicides
Magnetic minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 229

Suessite


Muriki or Maurice Shpata (, ; ) was the ruler of Arta from late 1399/early 1400 until his death in 1414 or 1415. Muriq's reign was dominated by his wars with Carlo I Tocco. Muriq was able to defend his capital of Arta, but despite some victories failed to prevent the fall of Ioannina to Tocco. As a result, his brother Yaqub Shpata who succeeded him was defeated in October 1416, ending the Despotate of Arta.

Life
Muriq was a scion of the Albanian Shpata family. He was a grandson of Gjin Bua Shpata, the first Albanian ruler of Arta. He had one brother, Yaqub Shpata, and two half-siblings from his mother's second marriage, Charles Marchesano and Maddalena. Shortly before Gjin died on 29 October 1399, he appointed his brother, Skurra Bua Shpata, ruler of Naupactus, as his successor as Lord of Arta. A few days after Sgouros took over Arta, however, the town was captured by the adventurer Vonko. While Sgouros fled to Angelokastron, a short time after, possibly as early as December 1399, Maurice managed to evict Vonko from Arta and took over the governance of the city himself.

In 1402–03, Muriq came to Skurra's aid when the latter was besieged at Angelokastron by the forces of Carlo I Tocco. The attack, under Carlo's general Galasso Peccatore, was repulsed, but Skurra died soon after, leaving his possessions to his son Pal Shpata. In his campaigns against the Shpatas, Tocco was supported by a rival Albanian clan to the Shpatas, the Bua brothers Maurice and Dimo. In 1406, Carlo and the Bua brothers joined forces to raid and devastate Acarnania and the vicinity of Arta, but the city itself, stoutly defended by Muriq Shpata, held out. At Angelokastron, however, Pal Shpata, who lacked his father's ability, felt threatened by the Tocco advance and in 1406 called in Ottoman assistance. The Ottoman army, under Yusuf Beg, was defeated, however, and the Turks departed after coming to terms with the Tocchi. As Maurice refused to come to his cousin's aid, Paul ceded Angelokastron to the Ottomans (only for Carlo Tocco to capture it within less than a year) and retired to Naupactus, which he sold to Venice in 1407–08.

In order to contain Tocco, Muriq turned to his northern neighbour, the Despot of Ioannina, Esau de' Buondelmonti. Relations between them were tense because Esau, who in 1396 had taken Maurice's mother Irene as his wife, had divorced her in 1402 to marry Eudokia Balšić. Nevertheless, the common threat brought the two together, and in ca. 1410, an alliance was concluded between them, sealed by the marriage of Maurice's daughter to Esau's son, Giorgio. The war between Muriq and Carlo Tocco was a war of raids and counter-raids, punctuated by battles that ended now in defeat and now in victory, with intermittent truces sealed by marriage alliances, such as when Charles Marchesano was wed to a natural daughter of Carlo Tocco. It was on the occasion of the latter, which was held at Rogoi, that Maurice and his guests were informed of Esau's death on 6 February 1411. This event triggered a contest between Tocco and the Albanian lords to secure possession of Ioannina, left in the hands of the infant Giorgio and his mother, for themselves. The major role in subsequent developments was played by the inhabitants of Ioannina themselves, who soon deposed Eudokia Balšić and Giorgio. Allied with the lord of Gjirokastër, Gjon Zenebishi, Muriq unsuccessfully besieged the Epirote capital twice and plundered its environs. The Ioannites, who utterly opposed the idea of having an Albanian or Serbian ruler over them, opted to surrender their city to Tocco instead, who entered the city in triumph on 1 April.

This event consolidated the pact between Muriq and Zenebishi, which was further confirmed by another marriage alliance between Muriq's daughter and Zenebishi's son Simon. The two Albanian lords were willing to negotiate with Tocco, but the latter, buoyed by his success, launched raids against both their territories. As a result, Muriq and Zenebishi sent appeals to their clansmen, and a large Albanian army met and almost annihilated the Tocco army at a battle fought at Kranea in the district of Mesopotamon, in spring or summer 1412. The victorious Albanians marched to the walls of Ioannina, but were again unable to take the city. In late 1412 or early 1413, Carlo Tocco was forced to turn to the Turks for support, arranging for the marriage of one of his natural daughters with Musa Çelebi, one of the Ottoman princes contending for the sultanate during the Ottoman Interregnum. The alliance eased Tocco's position, but Musa was defeated and killed later in the year by his brother, Mehmed I. At the same time, Muriq concluded an alliance to Tocco's Italian rival in the Morea, the Prince of Achaea Centurione II Zaccaria. Maurice's half-brother Charles, who had been appointed governor of Rhiniasa, tried to go over to Tocco, but was apprehended by the local magnates and handed over to Muriq. A scandal involving Zenebishi's son and a son-in-law of Muriq led to a quarrel between the two Albanian rulers and the collapse of their alliance. Tocco moved quickly to win over Zenebishi and conclude peace with him. Muriq died in 1414 or 1415, and was succeeded by his full brother, Yaqub Shpata, in Arta, while Charles Marchesano was given the governorship of Rogoi. Muriq's successors proved unable to withstand Tocco's assaults, however, and in October 1416, Yaqub was captured and killed in an ambush. Arta surrendered, ending the era of Albanian rule in the area.

Issue
From his marriage to Nerata, a Serbian woman, Maurice is known to have had a number of unnamed daughters, usually considered to have been three:
 a daughter who married Giorgio de' Buondelmonti
 a daughter who married Simon Zenevisi, lord of Strovilo
 a daughter who married, after Maurice's death, Carlo II Tocco

The first daughter is believed by Karl Krumbacher to have married Giorgio, a son of "George Balšić and Eudokia".

References

Sources

 CRONACA DEI TOCCO DI CEFALONIA

14th-century births
1410s deaths
15th-century Albanian people
15th-century lords in Europe
Despots of Arta
Maurice
Medieval Albanian nobility

Maurice Spata


In enzymology, a 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2  2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate and O2, whereas its product is 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 2,3-dioxygenase, HPC dioxygenase, and homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase.  This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, iron.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, eight structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , and .

References

EC 1.13.11
Iron enzymes
Enzymes of known structure


Gopal Krishna (born 12 March 1948) is an Indian radio astronomer and a senior professor at the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics. Known for his studies on Radio galaxies and quasars, Krishna is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1993.

Biography

Born on 12 March 1948 in the National Capital Region of Delhi, Gopal Krishna completed his graduate studies at Agra University in 1966 before joining BARC Training School at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. After a short stint, he moved to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at their newly established Radio Astronomy Group in 1967 as a research associate. It was during this time, he was mentored by Govind Swarup and his research with the help of the Ooty Radio Telescope earned him a PhD from the University of Mumbai in 1977. Subsequently, he moved to the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy for his post-doctoral work as an Alexander von Humboldt fellow and on his return in 1980, he resumed his career with Tata Institute Fundamental Research. In 2002, he moved to Pune to join National Centre for Radio Astrophysics where he was involved in the commissioning of Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and holds the position of a senior professor there.

Legacy
Gopal Krishna's research was focused on radio galaxies and quasars from observational and theoretical perspectives. He is known to have developed a relativistic-beam model which has reported use in ascertaining the luminosity of galaxies and quasars as well as in studying the cosmological evolution of linear sizes. Besides, he is also credited with the discovery of galaxies and clusters at high redshifts. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and the online article repository of the Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 102 of them. He has also guided a number of doctoral scholars in their research. Towards the latter part of his career, he served as a visiting faculty at several institutions including Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, European Southern Observatory, Santiago and Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. He sat in the International Advisory Committee of the International Year of Astronomy organized by the International Astronomical Union in 2009 and chaired the closing session of its UNESCO inaugural ceremony held in Paris in January 2009. He has also lectured worldwide and the lecture on Understanding X-shaped radio galaxies presented on 21 September 2010 at the University of Sheffield was one among them.

Awards and honors
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 1993. The same year, he was elected as a fellow by the National Academy of Sciences, India. This was followed by the elected fellowships from the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1993 and the Indian National Science Academy 2010.

Selected bibliography

See also
 Observational cosmology

Notes

References

External links

Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science
Indian scientific authors
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
1947 births
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India
Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
University of Mumbai alumni
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni
Radio astronomers
Scientists from Delhi
20th-century Indian astronomers
Living people

Gopal Krishna (astronomer)


The Zenati languages are a branch of the Northern Berber language family of North Africa. They were named after the medieval Zenata Berber tribal confederation. They were first proposed in the works of French linguist Edmond Destaing (1915) (1920–23). Zenata dialects are distributed across the central Berber world (Maghreb), from northeastern Morocco to just west of Algiers, and the northern Sahara, from southwestern Algeria around Bechar to Zuwara in Libya. The most widely spoken Zenati languages are Tmazight of the Rif in northern Morocco and Tashawit Berber in northeastern Algeria, each of which have over 3 million speakers.

Languages

Kossmann (2013)
According to Kossmann (2013: 21–24), Zenati is a rather arbitrary grouping, in which he includes the following varieties:
 Riffian (Riffian Berber, or Rif-Berber, local name: Tmaziɣt, north of Morocco); Includes Arzew dialect, in Arzew in western Algeria
Eastern Morocco Zenati (north east of Morocco)
 Iznasen
 Eastern Middle Atlas: Ait Seghrouchen and a group of dialects including Ait Warain (Ayt Warayn) (north-central Morocco)
Western Algerian, west of Algiers (a diffuse group):
Beni Snous (Tlemcen) dialect, in western Algeria near the border
Jebel Bissa (intelligible with Shenwa)
Shenwa (Chenoua), between Tipasa and Ténès in north-central Algeria west of Algiers
Beni Messaoud (Shenwa?)
Beni Menacer
Metmata (of Algeria; distinct from Matmata Berber of Tunisia)
etc. (see article)
 Shawiya (Chaouia), around Batna and Khenchela, south of Constantine in northeastern Algeria
Mzab–Wargla (Northern Saharan oases):
 South Oran and Figuig, in the ksours along the Algerian–Moroccan border and in Figuig in southeastern Morocco
 Gourara Berber (Taznatit) (Gourara, southwestern Algeria, around Timimoun)
 Tidikelt and Tuat (Touat, Algeria)
 Mozabite aka Mzab, Tumzabt (northern Algerian Sahara, near Ghardaia)
 Wargla (Ouargli aka Tagergrent, Teggargarent), northern Algerian Sahara, near Ouargla
 Oued Righ Berber (incl. Touggourt; Ethnologue name "Temacine Tamazight") in Oued Righ, around Touggourt and Temacine, Algeria
 Southeastern Tunisian–Libyan: Djerbi (island of Djerba), Matmata Berber (Matmata), Sened and Zuwara Berber (Zuwara in northwestern Libya)

Features
According to Kossmann (1999:31-32, 86, 172), common innovations defining the Zenati languages include:
 The vowel a- in nominal prefixes is dropped in a number of words when it precedes CV, where C is a single consonant and V is a full (non-schwa) vowel.  For example, afus "hand" is replaced with fus.  (A similar development is found in some Eastern Berber languages, but not Nafusi.)
 Verbs whose original aorist forms end in -u while their perfect forms end in -a end up with -a in the aorist as well, leaving the aorist / perfect distinction unmarked for these verbs.  For example, *ktu "forget", Siwi ttu, becomes Ouargli tta.  (This also affects Nafusi.)
 Verbs consisting (in the aorist) of two consonants with no vowel other than schwa fall into two classes elsewhere in Berber: one where a variable final vowel appears in the perfect form, and one which continues to lack a final vowel in the perfect.  In Zenati, the latter class has been entirely merged into the former in the perfect, with the single exception of the negative perfect of *əɣ s "want".  For example, Kabyle (non-Zenati) gər "throw", pf. -gər (int. -ggar), corresponds to Ouargli (Zenati) gər, pf. -gru. (This change too also affects Nafusi; Basset (1929:9) gives examples where it appears not to occur in Chenoua.)
 Proto-Berber *-əβ has become -i in Zenati.  For example, *arəβ "write" becomes ari.  (This change also occurs in varieties including the Central Atlas Tamazight dialect of the Izayan, Nafusi, and Siwi.)
 Proto-Berber palatalised k´ and g´, corresponding to k and g in non-Zenati varieties, become š and ž in Zenati (although a fair number of irregular correspondences for this are found.)  For example, k´ăm "you (f. sg.)" becomes šəm. (This change also occurs in Nafusi and Siwi.)

In addition to the correspondence of k and g to š and ž, Chaker (1972), while expressing uncertainty about the linguistic coherence of Zenati, notes as shared Zenati traits:
 A proximal demonstrative suffix "this" -u, rather than -a
 A final -u in the perfect of two-consonant verbs, rather than -a (e.g. yə-nsu "he slept" rather than yə-nsa elsewhere)
These characteristics identify a more restricted subset of Berber than those previously mentioned, mainly northern Saharan varieties; they exclude, for example, Chaoui and all but the easternmost Riff dialects.

References

Zenati languages
Berber languages
Berbers in Algeria
Berbers in Morocco
Languages of Algeria
Languages of Morocco

Zenati languages


The GEOnet Names Server (GNS), sometimes also referred to in official documentation as Geographic Names Data or geonames in domain and email addresses, is a service that provides access to the United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) and the US Board on Geographic Names's (BGN) database of geographic feature names and locations for locations outside the US. The database is the official repository for the US Federal Government on foreign place-name decisions approved by the BGN. Approximately 20,000 of the database's features are updated monthly. Names are not deleted from the database, "except in cases of obvious duplication". The database contains search aids such as spelling variations and non-Roman script spellings in addition to its primary information about location, administrative division, and quality. The accuracy of the database had been criticised.

Accuracy
A 2008 survey of South Korea toponyms on GNS found that roughly 1% of them were actually Japanese names that had never been in common usage, even during the period of Japanese colonial rule in Korea, and had come from a 1946 US military map that had apparently been compiled with Japanese assistance. In addition to the Japanese toponyms, the same study noted that "There are many spelling errors and simple mis-understanding of the place names with similar characters" amongst South Korea toponyms on GNS, as well extraneous names of Chinese and English origin.

See also
 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), a similar database for locations within the United States

References

External links
 GEOnet Names Server (Archived at the Internet Archive)
 GeoNet Designations:  Codes and Definitions
 Country files download page (broken link; Archived at the Internet Archive)

Place names
Public domain databases
Geocodes
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Geographical databases
Gazetteers

GEOnet Names Server


The Australian National Alliance (ANA) was a far-right political party active in Australia from 1978 to 1981. Founded in January 1978, it was one of Australia's earliest anti-Asian immigration parties. The ANA contested the 1979 Grayndler by-election, in which its secretary and candidate Frank Salter received 863 votes (1.64%).

In 1981 the ANA merged with the Immigration Control Association and the Progressive Conservative Party to form the Progressive Nationalist Party, which claimed a membership of 1,000.

See also
 Far-right politics in Australia

References

Anti-Asian sentiment in Australia
Anti-immigration politics in Australia
Defunct political parties in Australia
Far-right political parties in Australia
Political parties established in 1978
Political parties disestablished in 1981
1978 establishments in Australia
1981 disestablishments in Australia

Australian National Alliance


7-1-1 is a telephone number in Canada and the United States. It is used by the Telecommunications Relay Service to let people who are deaf and people who can hear communicate with each other using a telephone. The 7-1-1 number lets these people talk through an operator, by turning the words into something that can be read on a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD).

N11 codes
Telephone numbers in the United States
Telephone numbers in Canada

7-1-1


Graeme Monroe Hammond (February 1, 1858 – October 30, 1944) was an American neurologist and sportsman who advocated for physical exercise as treatment for nervous disorders. He served as an officer of the American Neurological Association for twenty years. Hammond was a competitive fencer who competed in the 1912 Olympics, helped found the Amateur Fencers League of America and served as president emeritus of the American Olympic Association.

Early life and education
Graeme Monroe Hammond was born on February 1, 1858, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of neurologist and Surgeon General of the United States Army Brigadier General William Alexander Hammond. The Hammond family lived in Washington, D.C., during the American Civil War. Graeme Hammond later recalled his regular trips as a young boy, accompanying Abraham Lincoln to visit wounded soldiers during the war. "I shall never forget the sweetness of the man nor the understandings which he showed in dealings with a little boy... we were play fellows and even the soldiers who accompanied us, I felt, were doing so as much for me as they were for the man who would take me in his great hands and set me beside himself in the carriage."

Following the close of the Civil War, the family moved to New York City. He fenced for the Columbia Lions fencing team. Hammond graduated from the Columbia School of Mines in 1877. He then earned a Doctor of Medicine degree from New York University School of Medicine in 1881. On April 27 of the same year, Hammond married Louise Ellsworth with whom he had four daughters during the 1880s. While teaching at NYU, Hammond continued his education, earning a Bachelor of Laws in 1897.

Medical career
During his entire professional career, Hammond was a professor of nervous and mental diseases at NYU School of Medicine, serving as the chair in neurology from 1898 to 1920. He became a fellow of the American Psychiatric Association in 1908. He was an officer of the American Neurological Association for more than 20 years, serving as its president from 1911 to 1912. He was also the Treasurer of the New York Neurological Society for thirty years.

During World War I, Hammond was commissioned as a Major in the Medical Reserve Corps of the United States Army and stationed at Camp Mills and Camp Upton. As a medical examiner, Hammond determined the mental qualifications of 78,000 individual volunteers and conscripts. He became an expert on the treatment of soldiers traumatized by "shell-shock."

Advocacy of exercise
Hammond was a lifelong advocate of regular physical exercise as a prevention and cure for most diseases, including nervous and mental disorders. According to his colleague, Hammond believed in the "principle of a healthy body making a sound mind."

Hammond suggested riding a bicycle as a treatment for nervous disorders, in which he included homosexuality.  According to the Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review, Hammond thought that homosexuality was caused by "nervous exhaustion and that bicycle exercise would restore health and heterosexuality."

Hammond supported the enlistment of women as combat soldiers during World War I. He believed that women would make better soldiers than men and that he would prefer to see mixed regiments of men and women. "If women could acquire the physical strength and could be disciplined -- (make a note of that) AND COULD BE DISCIPLINED -- they would dominate the earth." Hammond believed that women were "the real fighting sex" but that the American society "mollycoddled" women and promoted overindulgent lifestyles in regard to diet and exercise. "If women were forced to enjoy the rigorous training entailed by life in a fighting army, this overindulgence would of course be summarily stopped. And at the same time they could be getting regular, outdoor exercise. Nothing could be better for them as individuals and as mothers."

Sports
Hammond was a competitive fencer who, in 1891, helped found and was the first president of the Amateur Fencers League of America. He won multiple championships in fencing and was the United States champion for foil (1891), épée (1889, 1891, 1893) and sabre (1893, 1894). At the age of 54, Hammond competed in the individual foil and épée events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was eliminated in the first round of both events, placing fourth in each qualifying pool. Hammond later served as president of the New York Athletic Club and was the president emeritus of the American Olympic Association from 1930 to 1932.

Hammond was a roll of honor inductee into the United States Fencing Hall of Fame where he is "generally regarded as the father of American fencing."

Later life and death
Hammond, who both smoked and drank daily, advocated consistent and proper exercise as the key to good health. He continued a daily regimen of running into his 80s and on his birthdays ran four miles on a track "just to prove to myself that I am not getting old. And I plan to keep it up as long as I live, which probably won't be much over 110." At the age of 86, Hammond slipped into a coma and died two weeks later, on October 30, 1944. He was survived by two of his four daughters.

References

External links

1858 births
1944 deaths
American male épée fencers
American neurologists
Olympic fencers for the United States
Fencers at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Columbia School of Mines alumni
New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
Presidents of the New York Athletic Club
Presidents of the United States Olympic Committee
American male foil fencers

Graeme Hammond


Shahrzad Mojab is an academic activist and professor, teaching at the Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education and Women and Gender Studies Institute, at the University of Toronto. Shahrzad has been living in Canada since 1986 with her lifelong partner, colleague and comrade, Amir Hassanpour, and their son, Salah.

Education and career
Mojab was born in Shiraz, Iran.  She obtained her Bachelor of Arts in 1977 in Iran in the English language; her Master of Arts in Comparative Education and Administration, Higher and Continuing Education in 1979 and her Ph.D. in Educational Policy Studies and Women's Studies in 1991 both at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She spent four years (1979-1983) in post-revolutionary Iran, where she became active in the left movement, women's movement and the Kurdish autonomous movement. Before joining the University of Toronto in 1996, Shahrzad taught and worked at University of Windsor, Ryerson University and at Concordia University.

During the Shafia family murders trial, Mojab testified as an expert witness for the crown to explain the concept of honour killing.

Research
Mojab's areas of research and teaching include education policy studies; gender, state, diaspora and transnationality; women, war, militarization and violence; women, war and learning; women political prisoners in the Middle East; transnational women's organizations; feminism, anti-racism, colonialism and imperialism; Marxist-feminism and learning; adult education in comparative and global perspectives. Her approach to the study of race, gender, class, nationality, transnationality, and ethnicity is informed by Marxist feminist dialectical, and historical materialism approach. She is critical of theoretical frameworks which treat race, gender, and class atomistically, and reduce them to the domains of discourse, text, language, or identity.  She critiques monopolies of knowledge and power in education, and advocates dialogical and inclusive pedagogical practices. Mojab's research has been published on Islamic feminism, minority women in academe, diversity and academic freedom in Canadian and Iranian universities, adult education and civil society in the Middle East, feminism and nationalism, state-university relation, and women's access to higher education.

Her publications include, among others, articles and book chapters which have appeared in periodicals such as International Journal of Lifelong long Education; Feminist Review; Canadian Woman Studies Journal;  Journal of Middle East Women's Studies; Journal of Ethnicities; Resources for Feminist Research; The Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education; Adult Education Quarterly: A Journal of Research and Theory; Studies in Continuing Education; Al-Raida Magazine (Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World); Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan; Journal of Race, Gender, and Class; and Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal.  Shahrzad writes in Persian and Kurdish and her work is translated into Arabic, French, German, Kurdish, Turkish, and Swedish.

She is the editor of Marxism and Feminism (2015); Women, War, Violence, and Learning (2010); Women of a Non-State Nation: The Kurds (2001, second printing 2003). She co-edited with Sara Carpenter Educating from Marx: Race, Gender and Learning (2012), with Nahla Abdo, Violence in the Name of Honour: Theoretical and Political Challenges (2004), with Himani Bannerji and Judith Whitehead, Of Property and Propriety: The Role of Gender and Class in Imperialism and Nationalism (2001), and with Afsaneh Hojabri Women of Iran: A Subject bibliography and Two Decades of Iranian Women's Studies in Exiles: A Subject Bibliography [in Persian], both published by the Iranian Women's Studies Foundation.

She has been the guest editor of the special issue of Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East Journal, on Gender and Empire (Summer 2010) and on Dissent: The Politics and Poetics of Women's Resistance (2012); International Journal of Lifelong Education, on Women, War and Learning; and Resources for Feminist Research, on War and Militarization.

Professor Mojab has created two research websites as an archival space for relevant resource for the research and as a tool for the dissemination of knowledge. The websites are: Marxism and Feminism: Research, Teaching, and Praxis  and The Art of Resistance in the Middle East.

In recent years, Shahrzad has attempted to diversify the dissemination of her research results.  Together with Shahrzad Arshadi, feminist filmmaker and photographer committed to social justice and human rights, she has produced two documentaries. Samjana: Memoirs and Resistance is based on her research about women in post-war Nepal, their role in the peace process, as well as the role of women's NGOs in building sustainable peace. This documentary is filmed and directed by Shahrzad Arshadi. Talking Prison, Creating Art and Making Justice (2010) is a documentary based on an-art based project funded by the Ontario Arts Council and Toronto Arts Council called Words, Colour and Movement. Behind the Stained Walls (2011) is dance representation of Words, Colour and Movement project. Dancing of Change (2015) a documentary which is filmed and directed by Shahrzad Arshadi is based on Shahrzad Mojab's decades of research and work with Kurdish women. It captures their dreams and desires for a just world, which they seek in socialism and secularism.

Her current research project is: Remembering Not to Forget is a Digital Storytelling Project telling the stories of former political prisoners-narrating state violence and telling tales of humanity, hope, and resistance. Using storytelling and digital techniques, participants will work one-on-one with artists and facilitators to tell stories, focusing on a particular time, place, space, theme, and moments of imprisonment. These stories include digital images, texts, recorded audio narrations, video clips and/or music.

In March 2022 she was amongst 151 international feminists signing Feminist Resistance Against War: A Manifesto, in solidarity with the Feminist Anti-War Resistance initiated by Russian feminists after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Awards and positions

Professor Mojab is the former Director of the Women and Gender Institute at the University of Toronto (2003-2008).  She is also the past-President of the Canadian Association for the Studies of Adult Education.

She is the recipient of several awards, including the 2008 Distinguished Contribution to Graduate Teaching Award at the University of Toronto.  In 2006 she was named Noted Scholar in the Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia.  In the same year the Student Administrative Council (SAC) of the University of Toronto recognized her commitments to equity and social justice by giving her the SAC Certificate.  Shahrzad was the first prize winner in the Women's WORLD writing contest, "Women's Voices in War Zones" in 2003 as well as being recognized as the Distinguished Visitor at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Books

Notes

Iranian expatriate academics
Iranian emigrants to Canada
University of Illinois alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Feminist studies scholars
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Shiraz

Shahrzad Mojab


Alfred John Gilchrist (August 1872 – June 9, 1931) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was born in August 1872 in New York City, the son of James Gilchrist and Emily Susannah (née Mills, widowed Kay) Gilchrist (1835–1904). He attended New York Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1894, and practiced in Brooklyn. He married Sadie A. Mills (1873–1948), and they had a daughter Emily (Gilchrist) Boillotat (1897–1967).

Gilchrist was a member of the New York State Senate, representing the 10th district in 1907 and 1908.

He was again a member of the State Senate (10th D.) from 1915 to 1918, sitting in the 138th, 139th, 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures. In 1918, he did not seek re-nomination, and ran unsuccessfully for Kings County Judge instead.

He died on June 9, 1931, at his home at 87–38 108th Street in Richmond Hill, Queens, of a goiter ailment.

Sources
 Official New York from Cleveland to Hughes by Charles Elliott Fitch (Hurd Publishing Co., New York and Buffalo, 1911, Vol. IV; pg. 366)
 MANY CHANGES DUE IN STATE SENATE in NYT on August 5, 1918
 SERVICE TOMORROW FOR A. J. GILCHRIST in the New York Evening Post on June 10, 1931
 A. J. GILCHRIST DIES; EX-STATE SENATOR in NYT on June 10, 1931 (subscription required)
 Gilchrist genealogy at Family Tree Maker

1872 births
1931 deaths
Republican Party New York (state) state senators
Politicians from Brooklyn
New York Law School alumni
People from Richmond Hill, Queens

Alfred J. Gilchrist


Alseuosmiaceae is a plant family of the order Asterales found in Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.

They are shrubs with leaves arranged in spirals or whorls about the stem. The flowers are solitary or borne in raceme or fascicle inflorescences. Some species have fragrant flowers. The flower corolla is urn-shaped or funnel-shaped with 4 to 7 lobes. There are 4 to 7 stamens and one style tipped with a two-lobed stigma. The fruit is a fleshy berry.

There are 11 species divided among 4 genera:
Alseuosmia
Crispiloba
Platyspermation
Wittsteinia

References

Asterales families
Australasian realm flora

Alseuosmiaceae


Share may mean:

 Sharing (or "To Share"); to make joint use of resources (such as food or money), or to "give something away"
 Share (finance), a stock or other security such as a mutual fund
 Share, the percentage of television sets in use tuned to a specific program—see Nielsen Ratings

 SHARE (charity), the acronym of a major Cork-based charity
 SHARE (computing), one of the oldest computer user groups
 Share (newspaper), a Caribbean and Black Canadian community newspaper based in Toronto, Canada
 Share (P2P), a Japanese P2P computer program.  The successor to Winny.
 Share Foundation, a not-for-profit organization in Newfoundland
 SHARE Foundation (El Salvador), an El Salvador justice organization
 Share International, a new religious movement founded by the British painter Benjamin Creme
 Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment, tracking space weather from Antarctica

 Network share, a file storage area that is available over a computer network.
 Plowshare, the cutting blade of plow (plough).

Share


Emirates may refer to:

 United Arab Emirates, a Middle Eastern country
 Emirate, any Islamic territory ruled by an emir
 The Emirates Group, a holding company in the United Arab Emirates
 Emirates (airline), an airline subsidiary of The Emirates Group
 Emirates Stadium, an association football stadium in London
 Emirates Cup, a football tournament held at Arsenal's Emirates Stadium
 Emirates Stakes, a horserace held as part of the Melbourne Cup Carnival
 Emirates Park Towers Hotel & Spa, a twin-tower complex under construction in Dubai
 Emirates Air Line (cable car), a cable car system over the River Thames in London, UK
 Emirates Foundation, an Abu Dhabi-based foundation (charity) established by Amiri decree
 Emirates Club, an association football club in the city of Ras al-Khaimah
 Emirates Club Stadium, a stadium in Ras al-Khaimah
 Emirates Scout Association, the national Scouting organization of the United Arab Emirates
 Emirates Hills, a gated community in Dubai
 Emirates Crown, a 63-floor residential tower in the Dubai Marina in Dubai
 Emirates Towers, a complex containing the Emirates Office Tower and Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel skyscrapers
 Emirates Office Tower, a 54-floor office building along Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai
 Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, a 56-floor hotel tower along Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai
 E 311 road, formerly known as "Emirates Road", a road extending between Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah
 Emirates Palace, a luxury hotel in Abu Dhabi

Emirates


Jan Vermeyen (before 1559 – 1606) was a goldsmith of the Renaissance Mannerism.

Jan Vermeyen was born in Brussels, the son of a Flemish painter Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen in Brussels. He was educated in goldsmithery and started his career between 1580 - 1590 in Antwerp, where he married, too. In 1592 he was inscribed as a member of the goldsmith' guild in Frankfurt on the Main. From 1600 he lived and worked in Prague, Lesser Town, district of St. Thomas church. He was one of the favorite court artists of Emperor Rudolph II. According to inventories he made more than 10 existing masterworks. They are usually dishes from exotic organic materials as bezoar or rhinoceros horn, or from colorful precious stones (cut by the Prague workshop of Ottavio Miseroni) set with cameos (by Alessandro Masnago), all mounted in gold, for Emperor's Kunstkammer of the Prague Castle.
Today some of them are exhibited in Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. His most famous work is the golden private crown of the emperor, which came later into use as Imperial Crown of Austria, is shown in the Treasury of the Hofburg Castle.  He died in Prague.

Literature
 Rudolf DISTELBERGER, Die Kunstkammerstücke, in: Prag um 1600, Kunst und Kultur am Hofe Rudolfs II.. Katalog der Ausstellung in Essen und Wien, Freren 1988, pp. 449 - 452.
 Dana STEHLÍKOVÁ: Encyklopedie českého zlatnictví, stříbrnictví a klenotnictví (Encyclopaedia of the Czech goldsmithwork, silwersmithwork and jewellery). Prague Libri 2003, p. 526; .

16th-century births
1606 deaths
Flemish artists (before 1830)
Dutch goldsmiths
Artists from Brussels

Jan Vermeyen


The Nesttun–Os Line () was a narrow gauge railway between Nesttun, now part of Bergen, and the community of Osøyro in Os municipality, Norway. As the first private railway in Norway, it opened 1 June 1894, designed to connect Os to the Voss Line, allowing for passenger and freight transport to Bergen and Voss. Despite a boom caused by World War I, the railway was eventually driven out of business by competition from road transport, which provided faster service. On 2 September 1935, it became the first Norwegian railway to close, and most of the railway was dismantled the following year.

Today, only short stretches of the railway and a few stations survive. Much of the former railway line is used as a bicycle path (rail trail), which makes revival of the Nesttun–Os Railway as a heritage railway very difficult. However, a 40 metre long railway stretch remains at Stend Station, the only unaltered remaining station, upon which a diesel locomotive and a passenger car are placed. The station building itself has been restored and is used as a museum.

History
Proposals to build a railway from Nesttun to Os were first made during the planning of the Voss Line from Bergen to Voss. Initial plans called for slightly longer route via Os, Samnanger, Norheimsund and Granvin. At the time it was required that local municipalities finance 20% of railways, and in 1874, Os Municipality was encouraged to purchase shares for NOK 8,000. This was rejected by the municipal council, and eventually the Voss Line was instead built via Dale. In 1884, a committee was established in Fana to consider the possibility of building a branch line from Nesttun to Fana. But neither the municipality nor the county were willing to give grants to the line, and, the plans were shelved in 1885. At the same time, the physician Daniel Schumann Krüger started to popularize the possibility of building a connection from Nesttun to Osøren (now Osøyro). At the time it was popular to build tracks along existing roads and use slow locomotives, and Krüger at first proposed such a solution, but later determined to support a conventional railway.

In 1884, a line from Os to Nesttun was estimated to cost NOK 885,000 plus land acquisition costs. Public meetings were held and in 1885 a committee was established. The following year, an application was sent to the state for NOK 3,000 in grants for preliminary work. It was presumed that the railway would be private, but the committee wanted to receive partial state funding. While the government favored the railway, the grant was a lower priority among the many proposed railway lines at the time. In 1888, an engineer from the state investigated the route, and recommended that the line be built via Rådal to increase the population which it would serve. In addition, Fanahammeren and Stend were regarded as transport hubs at the time. Following this, shares were issued for NOK 50,000 in the company, but this was not sufficient to finance the railway.

Instead of raising more capital, Krüger tried to reduce the cost. He proposed reducing the minimum curve radius from  and reduce the gauge from the  gauge used on the Voss Line to . This would allow the railway to have sharper curves and allow it to pass around any obstacles and hills, removing the need for cuttings and tunnels. Engineer Nicolay Nicolaysen Sontum started planning the cheaper railway in 1889, and he estimated the cost to NOK 500,000. After the project was marketed in the Bergen press, shipowners Fredrik Georg Gade and Johan A. Mowinckel supported it, as did major Wollert Konow (SB). An application for a concession was sent on 15 March 1890, in which Gade and Mowinckel guaranteed the necessary capital. This made Nesttun-Os the first railway in Norway to be built without state grants. The construction contract was signed with Sontum on 29 March.

The concession was granted on 2 February 1891 and had a duration of 40 years from the date the line started operation. The delay was in part because there was a debate about the gauge in the Parliament of Norway. The company opened for sales of shares on 3 March 1891. The largest owners were Gade (20%), Mowinckel (10%), Os Municipality (5%) and Krüger (2%). The municipality used a whole year's budget on the share purchases, and borrowed money to be repaid in 40 years. In addition to the share sales, the railway received free real estate from many farmers.

The railway was constructed in  narrow gauge, the smallest gauge ever built in Norway. The smallest curve radius was 50 metres. This combination made it possible to avoid any tunnels whatsoever and the longest bridge was 8 metres. But it also meant that all goods had to be off-loaded at Nesttun and that the railway had a maximum speed of 25 km/h. The railway was of vast importance for the Os community, as it allowed for day trips to Bergen. The rail trip took only two hours, and was considerably faster and cheaper than travel by steam ship.

Despite a boom caused by World War I, the railway lost business to road transport, which provided faster service. On 2 September 1935, it became the first Norwegian railway to close, and most of the track was demolished the following year.

Heritage
Most of the right-of-way still exists, although all the tracks were removed in 1936. In 1980, most of the right-of-way within Bergen was converted to a hiking and bicycle trail, and later asphalted. The right-of-way can therefore be walked  from Nesttun to Kismul. Along  there is a combined path and road, although the latter has little traffic. The section from Selsvik to Ytre Sandvika was converted to a bicycle path in 2002, and in 2008, the path was extended another kilometer (half a mile) past Kismul. The remaining section past Kalandseid has been regulated, but lack of funding has delayed the process. While hiking is possible, the path is overgrown and some places become a swamp.

From Kalandseid to Søfteland, the route runs next to European Route E39. South from Kalandseid, the route goes through private agricultural land towards Røykenes. In Os there is a section from Tømmernes to Søfteland that has been asphalted as a path. From Storestraumen south of Søfteland, about one kilometer (half a mile) has been converted to a gravel path. On this section is Bergstø Bridge, where  of track has been laid.

Stend Station has been converted to a railway museum and is the only station building to remain in its original design. In the 1980s, the building had fallen into disrepair, but from 1987, Friends of the Os Line started renovating it. It has a small display of artifacts from the railway, including old pictures, a film and items, including tools from the workshop. Outside there is a  long railway line. On it is a draisine from 1925, a combined third-class and post wagon from 1894. It consists of two half frames that were welded together, with bogies bought from Poland. It is the smallest bogies wagon in Norway. The station also features a water station. The museum also has a diesel locomotive which dates from 1967. It was used by Fana and later Bergen Municipality in the sewer tunnels, and was given to the museum in 1995. It features  gauge, but otherwise has no resemblance with the material used on the Nesttun–Os Line.

Os Station has been preserved and is owned by Os Municipality. Plans exist to renovate and revert it to its look from 1894, but lack of money has only resulted in the station being painted in the original colors. Plans call for a short section of track to be laid on the station area. The workshop has become the location of a sewer pumping station, although the exterior has been renovated to the original. The depot was built with decorative pillars, but there were built over in the 1930s. In the 1990s, these were removed again. Os Cultural Development has the rights to use the municipally owned building, and they have stated that they plan to convert it to a center for art. The building is planned expanded with a glass facade towards the fjord is planned, which would feature art workshops and ateliers.

Ulven Station also remains, has been modernized and serves as a private residence. All the buildings at Kalandseid Station have been demolished, except a private residence. The station area of Hamre Station has been converted to a turning spot for buses. Fana Station still stands, but has been renovated and modernized to the unrecognizable, and serves as a private residence. Rådal Station is in use as a private residence.

Two passenger cars are displayed at the Norwegian Railway Museum in Hamar, after they had served on the Urskog–Høland Line from 1935 to 1960. They are used on the museums Tertitt train that runs on the museum area. They were renovated in 1994–95. Os Municipality has a dismounted half wagon frame from an Oldbury wagon dating from 1894. A wagon frame built by Skabo in 1907 is in use in a garden at Kismul. It includes some original benches.

See also
 Narrow gauge railways in Norway

References

Bibliography

External links

Stend Station Museum

Railway lines in Norway
Heritage railways in Norway
Transport in Bergen
Os, Hordaland
Railway lines in Vestland
Railway lines opened in 1894
750 mm gauge railways in Norway
1894 establishments in Norway
Private railway lines in Norway

Nesttun–Os Line


The Pärnu methanol poisoning incident () was a methanol poisoning incident in Pärnu county, Estonia in September 2001, caused by consumption of counterfeit vodka which had mistakenly been made with toxic methanol instead of ordinary ethanol. It led to the death of 68 people, very severe disability (including blindness or brain damage) to 40 people, and severe disability to 3 people.

On the night of 6 September 2001, ten 200-litre canisters of methanol, totalling 1.6 tonnes, were stolen from Baltfett (a company processing industrial fats, esters and animal feed) by Deniss Pletškin, a former employee and Robert Petrov, a current employee, on order of Sergei Maistrišin.  To cover up the theft, Petrov later replaced the stolen canisters with empty ones.  Maistrišin proceeded to sell the stolen methanol to Aleksandr Sobolev, a known smuggler, for 76,000 krooni, claiming that it was technical spirit (i.e., laboratory-grade neutral spirit).  Sobolev mixed the liquid with water and lemon flavouring agents at about 30% by volume, bottled the resulting liquid, attached fake labels of various well-known vodka brands, and distributed it through an underground network. Beginning on 9 September, hundreds of people consumed the resulting product and suffered methanol poisoning.

Maistrišin was convicted and sentenced to five years of imprisonment, and Sobolev was sentenced to 2.5 years of imprisonment.  Six other accomplices were given brief custodial sentences; about a dozen were sentenced to time served.  The unexpectedly lenient sentencing aroused considerable discussion in Estonian public arena, and led to decline in underground alcohol sales.

References

Sources
 Tiiu Põld: Eesti kohtueksperdid ja nende lahendatud lood (Estonian court experts and their stories resolved) (), Tartu 2008, pages 170–184

Crime in Estonia
2001 crimes in Estonia
Alcohol-related deaths in Estonia
Methanol poisoning incidents
Pärnu County
Counterfeit consumer goods
September 2001 events in Europe

Pärnu methanol poisoning incident


The Musée des Arts Décoratifs (English: Museum of Decorative Arts) is a museum in Paris, France, dedicated to the exhibition and preservation of the decorative arts. Located in the city's 1st arrondissement, the museum occupies the Pavillon de Marsan, the north-western wing of the Palais du Louvre. With approximately one million objects in its collection, the Musée des Arts Décoratifs is the largest museum of decorative arts in continental Europe. It is one of three museums operated by the non-profit arts association MAD, founded in 1882.

Displays

The museum collection was founded in 1905 by members of the Union des Arts décoratifs ("Union of Decorative Arts"). The architect was Gaston Redon. It houses and displays furniture, interior design, altarpieces, religious paintings, objets d'arts, tapestries, wallpaper, ceramics and glassware, plus toys from the Middle Ages to the present day.

The museum's holdings range back to 13th-century Europe. Today's collection is primarily composed of French furniture, tableware, carpets such as those from Aubusson, porcelain such as that by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, and many glass pieces by René Lalique, Émile Gallé and many others. It includes numerous works in the Art Nouveau and Art Déco styles and modern examples by designers like Eileen Gray and Charlotte Perriand. Pieces by Camille Fauré can also be found in the permanent collection.

Of interest to the public are the period rooms. Examples include part of Jeanne Lanvin's house (decorated by Albert-Armand Rateau [1884–1938] in the early 1920s) at 16 rue Barbet-de-Jouy in Paris. Others are graphic artist Eugène Grasset's dining room of 1880, and the 1752 Gold Cabinet of Avignon. There is also the 1875 bedroom of courtesan Lucie Émilie Delabigne, purportedly the inspiration for the main character in Émile Zola's novel Nana (1880).

There is a distinctive ceiling there, once owned by Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, mistress of the then duke of Savoy.

Exhibitions
Some of the museum's vast number of exhibitions have been influential. Yvonne Brunhammer, a curator and then director of the museum for over four decades from the early 1950s, and the person who rediscovered Eileen Gray, organized the 1966 exhibition, "Les Années '25': Art Déco/Bauhaus/Stijl Esprit Nouveau". The exhibition served to coin "Art Déco", the term that came to describe design between the World Wars, particularly French modern design.

The museum is somewhat on a par with similar and venerable decorative-arts and design-focused institutions such as the more international Victoria and Albert Museum in London. It was also the inspiration for the Hewitt sisters' collection in the Cooper Union in New York City. However, due to many fine-art, publicity, fashion and design exhibitions mounted at the Paris museum, its focus has been diluted and caused its name, Musée des "Art décoratifs", to become a misnomer. Thus, its name for popular use became MAD ("mode, arts, design" or, in English, "fashion, arts, design") in January 2016, even though the acronym is the same as MAD (Museum of Arts and Design) in New York City.

Renovation
The Musée des Arts décoratifs was closed from 1996 to 2006 due to a renovation of the building and of about 6,000 works from the collection; the renovation cost €35 million (about $45 million in 2006). The museum reopened on September 15, 2006. Béatrice Salmon, the current director and overseer of the restoration, has called the collection "the history of French taste and of the decorative arts and design in France" and has suggested: "People [in France] understand how to relate to paintings and sculpture in a museum, but they don't know how to interpret objects".

Pierre-Alexis Dumas, a principal of Hermès International and the president of the Fondation Hermès, was elected president in 2015. He succeeded Bruno Roger.

See also
 List of museums in Paris

References

Sources
 Anon. (1984). Chefs d'œuvre du Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris: Musée des Arts Décoratifs,
 Brunhammer, Yvonne (1992). Le beau dans l'utile: Un musée pour les arts décoratifs, Paris: Gallimard,
 Salmon, Béatrice (2006). Chefs-d'oeuvre du musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris: Les Arts Décoratifs,
 Rawsthorne, Alice. "A Paris Mecca of the decorative arts opens anew", International Herald Tribune, September 3, 2006

External links

Arts Decoratifs
Decorative arts museums in France
Arts Decoratifs
Art museums established in 1905
1905 establishments in France
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
Louvre Palace
Les Arts Décoratifs

Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris


John "Philip" Wernette (October 29, 1903 – August 12, 1988) was the eighth president of the University of New Mexico serving from 1945 to 1948.

Early life
Wernette was born in Imlay City, Michigan to parents Jacob Israel and Bessie (Barris) Wernette and grew up in Grand Rapids.  His family moved to California in 1917 while he was still in high school.

He began attending college at UCLA in 1919 where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity.  He transferred to the University of California, Berkeley where he earned his A.B. degree in 1924. He earned an A.M. degree at the University of Southern California in 1926.  He earned a second master's degree in 1929 and his Ph.D. degree in 1932, both from Harvard University.

Harvard University
While earning his master's degree, Wernette became an associate professor at the Harvard School of Business Administration in 1927.  He spent seventeen years as a teacher there.  While on the faculty, he was a financial consultant to the governments of Peru and Colombia.  He was also a fellow of the Social Science Research Council where he studied the English banking system.  During World War II he served as War Price Coordinator in the Office of Price Administration.  He was also a member of the Inter-Departmental Procurement Policy Board.

University of New Mexico
Upon arriving in Albuquerque, Wernette focused on improving the university's faculty, programs, and services.  He instituted an eighteen-point program of procedures for the selection of new faculty and appointed a committee to ensure better teaching candidates for faculty members.  He also developed a program for faculty advancement.

He established the offices of the General Placement Bureau, Veterans Assistance, and Testing and Counseling Services to assist students.  He required all seniors in 1946 to take the Graduate Record Examinations test to provide the school with a measurement of how well it was educating its students.

While he was president, the university started the Law School and the School of Business Administration.  The university's enrollment grew from 924 to 4,491 students with the end of World War II.

In 1947, he came into conflict with the Board of Regents over the hiring of two faculty members who he thought were unqualified.  His contract was not renewed by the Board of Regents in 1948.

University of Michigan
After being dismissed from the University of New Mexico, Wernette found a job at the University of Michigan in 1948 as the Director of the Bureau of Business Research and Professor of Business Administration.  He taught classes in business and government and was the founder and editor of the Michigan Business Review.

From the early 1950s to the early 1980s he traveled and gave many speeches to business groups and the University of Michigan's Executive Development Program.

Published books
Money, Business and Prices (1933)
Problems in Economic Theory (1939)
The Control of Business Cycles (1940)
Problems in Merchandise Distribution (1942)
Financing Full Employment (1945)

Personal life
He married Eleanor DeCourcy on August 17, 1940 in Manchester, NH. They had two children, John D. and Elizabeth Eleanor. He was a member of the Masons and the Rotary International.  He served on the board of directors of the Ohio Citizens Trust Company of Toledo, OH.

References

Harvard University alumni
1903 births
1988 deaths
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of New Mexico presidents
People from Imlay City, Michigan
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Southern California alumni
University of Michigan faculty
20th-century American academics

John Philip Wernette


Marion Burbank Stevens Rice (September 9, 1904 – April 12, 1995) was an American modern dance choreographer, dance teacher and producer.

Early life
Rice was born in Hingham, Massachusetts. She studied ballet at Sullins College. She settled in Fitchburg, Massachusetts and founded the "Marion Rice Studio of the Dance" where she taught and performed Denishawn technique for over 60 years.  She studied in the late 1920s and early 1930s with Ted Shawn, Ruth St. Denis, Miriam Winslow and the Braggiotti sisters at the Braggiotti-Denishawn School of Dance in Boston, often performing Denishawn works in their concerts.

Other work
She produced work by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn as well as her own choreography.  Among the dancers and choreographers she trained were her daughter Carolyn Brown of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, her daughter-in-law Mona Irvine Rice, and her granddaughters Robin Rice and Rebecca Rice.

Dance company
She also operated her own dance company, the Marion Rice Denishawn Dancers, and in 1980 staged her version of "Soaring," for Les Grands Ballets Canadiens in Montreal. Marion Rice Denishawn performed at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in 1972, the Marymount Manhattan Theater (New York) in 1976 and City College (New York) in 1986 at the "Roots: Foundations of American Modern Dance Festival".

Marion Rice Denishawn or Marion Rice Denishawn Dancers is a dance company devoted to preserving Denishawn dance, the choreography of modern dance pioneers Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, taught and staged by Marion Rice. Marion Rice dedicated her creative life to teaching, preserving, protecting and performing the fifty or so dance works taught to her by Ruth St. Denis, Ted Shawn, Miriam Winslow and other modern dance luminaries while she was a student and performer at the Boston Braggiotti School in Boston in the early 1900s.  Along with members of her family, daughter Carolyn Brown, daughter-in-law Mona Irvine Rice, granddaughters Robin Rice and Rebecca Rice, these Denishawn dances have been performed by Marion Rice and her students for over 75 years.

Marion Rice Denishawn performed in Fitchburg, Massachusetts as well as at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in 1972, the Marymount Manhattan Theater (New York) in 1976 and City College (New York) in 1986 at the 'Roots: Foundations of American Modern Dance Festival'.

In 2000, Marion Rice Denishawn performed at the "Dance in Millennium" Festival in Washington.  The company presented  "Boston Braggiotti and Denishawn", a lecture demonstration illuminating a select number of the early Denishawn works.

Village Voice critic Deborah Jowitt wrote about the performance in the following review:

Ruth St. Denis, American mystic, and Ted Shawn, entrepreneur, were a great team. During the glory days of their Denishawn company—roughly 1916 to 1931—a gifted disciple could obtain a franchise and open a Denishawn school. For a price, a young dancer could learn a colorful routine and secure its sheet music and costume design. Last month, two companies—the Marion Rice Denishawn dancers at the "Dancing in the Millennium" conference in Washington, D.C., and Dansarté, at Jacob's Pillow—presented programs of dances by St. Denis, Shawn, and their pupils.

What's intriguing about these dances—learned by Robin and Rebecca Rice at their grandmother's studio, and from Shawn at Jacob's Pillow in 1942 and 1943 by Dansarté's director, Sharry Underwood—is the way they combine the notion of art dance with a vaudeville structure. They tend to be about three minutes long, with reassuring amounts of repetition, structured in A-B-A form. Shawn and St. Denis captured the look and ambience of "exotic" styles, if not their steps. Dansarté's beautiful Maris Wolff, gorgeously costumed, performs an orientalist's dream of an Indian "nautch" dance—all rippling midriff, swaying steps, and flirtatious glances. Rice dancer Laurie Cameron appears for the circa 1930 fantasy La Peri (by either St. Denis or Miriam Winslow, who took over the Boston Denishawn school of the Braggiotti sisters), wafting swags of material that depend from her cap. The heelwork that Dansarté's Jean-Marie Mellichamp beats out in Viva Faroan has the air of flamenco without its now familiar complexities. In the early 20th century, what did American audiences know or care about authenticity?

On these fine programs, you can see the influence of Isadora Duncan in Chopin dances performed with lovely sincerity by the Rices, or get a whiff of German modernism in Miriam Marmein's circa 1932 mime, Argument des Boulevardiers, in which Valerie Farias Newton and Rebecca Rice wear mannish attire and gesticulate with rhythmic fury. Jess Meeker's music for Shawn's Gypsy-Rondo-Bout-Town nudges Dansarté's Genevieve Pellman and Neth Urkiel-Taylor from Haydn to swing. In all these early pieces, theatrical traditions, fashion, and experiment tiptoe toward modern dance.

Current events
In 2000, Marion Rice Denishawn performed in the "Dance in Millennium" Festival in Washington, DC.  The company presented "Boston Braggiotti and Denishawn", a lecture demonstration illuminating a select number of the early Denishawn works.

Anna Kisselgoff wrote in the New York Times: "Marion Rice's stagings of Denishawn works are always fresh and beautiful – the perfect example was the St. Denis Valse No. 14 in which Robin Rice and Rebecca Rice were also swathed in swirling fabric – but much more actively so than in theFuller solo. The amount of basic ballet taught in the Denishawn schools was evident in Robin Rice's luminous performance of Shawn's Red Radiance.

References

External links

\\

People from Hingham, Massachusetts
American women choreographers
American choreographers
American female dancers
Modern dancers
Dance teachers
Sullins College alumni
1904 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American dancers
20th-century American women

Marion Rice


Salome is a short opera by Richard Strauss. It is based on the Biblical story of Salome, Herod and John the Baptist.

The original play Salomé was written by Oscar Wilde in November and December 1891 in French. Hedwig Lachmann translated the play into German. Richard Strauss saw the play and decided in 1902 to make an opera out of it. The opera was first performed in Dresden in December 1905. "The Dance of the Seven Veils" is a famous excerpt from the opera. It is sometimes performed in concerts.

The opera was very successful; Strauss made so much money with Salome that he could afford to buy a beautiful house in the town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The opera also caused a long-lasting scandal after it was first produced in Dresden. At the Vienna Court Opera the work could not be performed for nearly twenty years because of censorship, at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden the opera had to be modified, in New York there was only one performance - then the wealthy donors of the Metropolitan Opera decided that this opera was not suitable for the American public.

Principal characters

 Salome, a very young and very beautiful princess - soprano
 Herodes, king of Judaea, her stepfather - tenor
 Herodias, queen, mother of Salome - mezzo-soprano
 Jochanaan, also known as John the Baptist - bass-baritone

The story
Herodes is the King of Judea and he has thrown a wild party at his palace. The action takes place at the palace on a terrace outside the banqueting hall. Herodes, his wife Herodias, and her daughter Salome are all inside the banqueting hall when the opera starts. Narraboth, the captain of Herodes's guards, is madly in love with Salome. But his friend, Herodias's servant, is concerned. The moon looks strange, which he believes is a sign that something terrible will happen, especially if Narraboth keeps staring at Salome. Some Jews cause an uproar in the hall and the guards scoff at their religion but suddenly, there is a voice from a deep pit with a cover on it. Some of the guests outside ask the guards who it is and they answer: This is Jokanaan, a prophet from the desert. Nobody knows exactly what he's saying, but Herodes has forbidden anyone from seeing him.

Salome gets offended by some of the party guests and rushes out of the hall. She calls them names in return but she stops as the prophet starts saying more strange things. Salome asks who he is, if he says bad things about her mother, and if he is an old man. They respond that they do not know what he is saying but he is quite young. Salome says that she would like to meet him, but they tell her that she cannot. However, she sees Narraboth looking at her and tells him she may smile at him and give him a flower tomorrow if he lets her see Jokanaan. So he commands the guards to bring the prophet out of the pit as Salome looks on with desire. Jokanaan sees her staring at him, so he asks who she is. When she responds, he is shocked and demands that she get away but she is still infatuated. In turn she praises his pale skin, his black hair, and his red lips. Each time he tells her to get away from him. She turns around and insults those same features but on the third time, she insists that she wants kiss his lips. Narraboth begs her to stop, but she does not hear him and he kills himself. Jokanaan curses her and returns to the pit.

Herodes comes outside asking where the Princess is when all of a sudden he notices the Moon. Herodias follows him out and dismisses him, urging him to come back inside. However, Herod wants to stay outside with Salome. He notices Narraboth's body and comments that he did not order the man to kill himself, but he always saw him looking at Salome with desire. He orders his body to be taken away as he feels a very cold wind and hears a sound like the huge wings flapping. Herodias thinks he is sick but Herodes responds that Salome is the one who looks like she has never been sicker. He offers her food, wine, and a seat in her mothers throne, but she responds that she is not hungry, thirsty, or tired. Jokanaan speaks again and Herodias orders the prophet to be silenced. Herodes, however, is worried that something bad will happen to him if something bad happens to Jokanaan, since he is a prophet. Herodias dismisses him again and asks why he does not give Jokanaan to the Jews. They agree with her, but start bickering because they do not believe that he is a prophet. Jokanaan speaks of the "savior of Man." One of the people suggests that it could be the Messiah, since there is a person around Judea doing miracles, but this just makes them all argue more.

The scene becomes even more chaotic until Herodes asks Salome to dance for him, promising her anything, even half his kingdom, if she does. She agrees and dances the "Dance of the Seven Veils." She comes onto the stage wearing nothing but the veils and seductively takes them all off. Herod is very pleased until she asks for her reward: the head of Jokanaan on a silver platter. He is horrified and offers her his best items but she persists. Finally, he gives in. An executioner is sent into the pit, but Salome hears him drop his blade and Jokanaan does not cry out. She is furious, and tells Herodias's servant that there will be many more dead bodies if she does not get what she wants. Finally, the executioner returns, bearing the bloody head. Salome seizes it and begins to embrace it passionately as the moonlight disappears and reappears. Herodes, fleeing in shock, orders his soldiers to kill her.

Compositions by Richard Strauss
1905 works
1900s operas

Salome (opera)


The G.A.R. Hall, formerly the Bull Mansion, is a historic Grand Army of the Republic Hall at in Worcester, Massachusetts.  It is an ornate Victorian Gothic/Stick style two-story granite structure, designed by noted New York City architect Calvert Vaux.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Description and history
Worcester's former G.A.R. Hall is located one block west of Main Street in downtown Worcester, on the south side of Pearl Street.  It is a large masonry structure, 2-1/2 stories in height, built out of ashlar granite blocks of different colors, and covered by a steeply pitched gabled slate roof.  It has applied Stick style woodwork in a number of its gables, and some of its stone window lintels feature carved rosettes.  A major addition added in 1912 enlarges the original main block to the southeast. The property is fronted by a fence with granite posts that dates to the building's initial construction.

The structure was built in 1876 as the home of George and Sarah Bull.  It was designed by Calvert Vaux and paid for by Daniel B. Wesson, Sarah Bull's father.  George Bull, a young doctor, found the house too expensive to keep, and eventually separated from his wife and moved west.  Helen Marble, wife of the next owner, was the daughter of Ethan Allen, who was like Daniel Wesson involved in the manufacture of arms.  The building was sold to the local GAR chapter in 1912, with an addition made to it that was designed by Worcester architect Stephen C. Earle.  It was eventually turned over to the city as a memorial to all of its war veterans, and has since changed hands and uses several times.  It presently houses a restaurant.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in northwestern Worcester, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts

References

Buildings and structures in Worcester, Massachusetts
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1876
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Worcester, Massachusetts
Massachusetts
1876 establishments in Massachusetts

Grand Army of the Republic Hall (Worcester, Massachusetts)


Paul Michael Warren (born 18 January 1978) is a former English cricketer.  Warren was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Plymouth, Devon and educated at Blundell's School.

Warren made his debut in county cricket for Devon in the 1997 Minor Counties Championship against Wales Minor Counties.  From 1997 to 1998, he represented the county in ten Minor Counties fixtures.  He also made his List-A debut for Devon in the 1997 NatWest Trophy against Leicestershire. In 1997, he also played the only first-class match of his career for Glamorgan against Oxford University.

In 1999, Warren played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Wales Minor Counties against Dorset, as well as making his List-A debut for the team against Lincolnshire.  These were his only two matches for the team.  Warren rejoined Devon for the 2000 Minor Counties season, where from 2000 to 2003 he represented the county in a further nine Minor Counties Championship fixtures, with his final Minor Counties appearance for Devon coming against Shropshire.  He also played a further three List-A matches for the county, with his final List-A appearance coming against Bedfordshire in the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  In his five List-A matches, he took a total of three wickets at a bowling average of 58.00. with best figures of 1/24.

In 2009, Warren played four Minor Counties matches for Dorset, with his final appearance for the county coming against Wiltshire.

References

External links
Paul Warren at Cricinfo
Paul Warren at CricketArchive

1978 births
Living people
Cricketers from Plymouth, Devon
People educated at Blundell's School
English cricketers
Devon cricketers
Glamorgan cricketers
Wales National County cricketers
Dorset cricketers

Paul Warren (cricketer)


Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla of Greater Poland (; b. bef. 1153 – d. bef. 1223), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast, by marriage Lady of Bitsch and during 1205-1206 Duchess of Lorraine.

She was the second daughter and fourth child of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and since 1173 High Duke of Poland, by his first wife Elisabeth, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary. Her name was probably given after High Duchess Viacheslava of Novgorod, wife of Bolesław IV the Curly, the ruling High Duke of Poland; with this gesture, Duke Mieszko III maybe showed an expression of warming relations between him and his brother the High Duke.

Life
Around 1167, Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla married with Frederick, Lord of Bitsch, second son of Duke Matthias I of Lorraine. The union was arranged by Frederick's maternal uncle Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor during a visit to Poland.
During her marriage, Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla bore her husband nine children:
Frederick (who succeeded his father as Duke of Lorraine)
Matthias (later Bishop of Toul)
Philipp (Lord of Gerbéviller)
Thierry (Lord of Autigny)
Henry (Lord of Bayon)
Agatha (Abbess of Remiremont)
Judith (Countess of Salm)
Hedwig (Countess of Zweibrücken)
Cunigunda (d 1214) (Duchess of Limburg)

Wierzchosława Ludmilla became the contact between the French and Polish artistic representatives. One of the theories about the building of the famous Gniezno Doors states that thanks to her efforts, around 1180 the Doors came to her father's court.

After years of disputes between Frederick and his brother Duke Simon II of Lorraine, in 1205 he finally abdicated and entered a monastery. Then Frederick and Wierzchosława Ludmilla became duke and duchess. Frederick's rule was short-lived: he died one year later. Wierzchosława Ludmilla returned to Poland after the death of her husband, and remained there until her own death, around 1223.

References

1150s births
1220s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
Piast dynasty
Polish princesses
People from Greater Poland
12th-century Polish women
12th-century Polish people
13th-century Polish women
13th-century Polish people


Masha Novoselova (Maria Novoselova, Маша Новоселова; born 31 January 1985) is a Russian model. She has been compared to others such as Natasha Poly, Sasha Pivovarova, and Natalia Vodianova. After signing with Storm Model Management, she became a sought after popular model in 2007.

Career
Masha Novoselova has modelled for many advertising campaigns of numerous brands including Victoria's Secret, Christian Dior, Chanel, Gucci, Hugo Boss, Moschino, Nina Ricci, H&M, L'Oreal, Garnier, Chloe, Dolce and Gabbana, Yves Saint Laurent, Etam, Joop, Ungaro, Miss Sixty, Loewe, Louis Vuitton, Sisely, Patrizia Pepe, La Perla, Swarovski, and notably alongside David Beckham in Armani's underwear campaigns. She appeared in fashion magazines around the world, including global Vogue covers and editorials in Italy, Germany, Russia, Japan, China, Brasil and Britain, and the United States. She also appeared multiple times in Numero, Amica, Grazia, Madame Figaro, Mixte, V Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, V Pulp Magazine, Elle. Her industry breakthrough was her first cover in the 2008 Numero #85 magazine shot with Greg Kadel alongside Caroline Trentini. Masha Novoselova has worked with most of fashion's sought after photographers such as Mario Testino, Terry Richardson, Greg Kadel, David Sims, Camilla Åkrans, Txema Yeste, Karl Lagerfeld, Ellen von Unwerth, Mario Sorrenti, Inez Van Lamsweerde, and Marcus Piggott. She is also a popular catwalk cast during the Fashion Weeks in Paris, New York, London, and Milan, where she has walked the shows for notable fashion houses such as Chanel, Armani, Celine, Chloe, Stella McCartney, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, DSquared2, Fendi, Isabel Marant and many more.

Private life
She married Dimitri Rassam, son of French actress Carole Bouquet and Jean-Pierre Rassam, on July 24, 2010. She gave birth to their daughter in 2011.
Their marriage ended in 2016.

References

External links
 FMD Profile

Russian female models
Russian models
1985 births
Living people
Russian expatriates in France
People from Tula, Russia

Masha Novoselova