The Moon and Sixpence is a 1942 film adaptation of W. Somerset Maugham's 1919 novel of the same name, which was in part based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin. Dimitri Tiomkin was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture. Two versions were filmed. In one, Devi Wani, a Javanese actress, played Ata; in the other, Ms. Verdugo played her, to accommodate audiences for whom marriage between a Polynesian and an Englishman was considered unacceptable.

Plot
Geoffrey Wolfe, a writer similar to Maugham, tells the story of Charles Strickland. A mediocre, seemingly unassuming London stockbroker, Strickland suddenly gives up his career, wife of 17 years, and children and moves to Paris. Mrs. Strickland asks Wolfe to bring him back. To Wolfe's surprise, Strickland has not run away with another woman (as he had been told), but because Strickland feels compelled to become a painter. He exhibits no remorse or shame about abandoning his family and refuses to return to his old life, whereupon his wife divorces him. Despite his strong disapproval of Strickland's callous behavior, Wolfe is fascinated.

Several years later, Wolfe is in Paris to see his friend, kindhearted Dirk Stroeve. Stroeve is a bad painter, but an astute judge of others' talent. When Wolfe asks if he knows Strickland, he confidently states that the man is a great painter, even though he has not sold any of his work and barely ekes out a living with odd jobs. However, Stroeve's beloved wife Blanche loathes the man.

Finding Strickland seriously ill near Christmas, Stroeve persuades a very reluctant Blanche to take him into their happy home, promising to nurse him back to health by himself. After six weeks, the artist recovers and makes himself at home, even evicting his host from his own studio. When Stroeve asks him to leave, Blanche unexpectedly announces she is going with him. Stroeve first tries to throttle Strickland. Then, after regaining his composure, he gives the couple the apartment and departs himself.

Later, Strickland discards Blanche (he only accepted her because he wanted to study the female form), and she commits suicide. Even after all this, Stroeve offers to put Strickland up at his mother's home in Holland. He declines.

Wolfe travels to Tahiti, where he learns of Strickland's fate from Captain Nichols and Tiara Johnson. Tiara had arranged a match between Strickland and her young, infatuated cousin Ata. They marry, live happily on Ata's property, and have a child. Strickland paints as much as he wants.

Then Dr. Coutras is sent for. He informs Strickland he has contracted leprosy. Ata refuses to leave him, braving the hostility of their neighbors, though she eventually entrusts their child to others. Two years later, Coutras is summoned again. He is too late; Strickland is dead. Entering the now dilapidated house, Coutras is awestruck by the paintings adorning all of the interior, recognizing despite his lack of knowledge of art that Strickland has created masterpieces. Ata, however, burns the house down, fulfilling a promise extracted by her husband.

Cast

Preservation status
Because this film was independently produced, it was unavailable for many years after the initial release and 1948 re-release. On December 14, 2011, Turner Classic Movies aired a restored print from George Eastman House which includes the tinted scenes in Tahiti and the final reel in Technicolor (the scenes in London and Paris are in black and white).

References

External links

1942 films
1942 drama films
American drama films
Films about fictional painters
Films based on British novels
Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin
Films directed by Albert Lewin
Films produced by David L. Loew
Films set in French Polynesia
Films set in Paris
Films based on works by W. Somerset Maugham
United Artists films
1942 directorial debut films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

The Moon and Sixpence (1942 film)


Journal of Algebra (ISSN 0021-8693) is an international mathematical research journal in algebra. An imprint of Academic Press, it is published by Elsevier. Journal of Algebra was founded by Graham Higman, who was its editor from 1964 to 1984. From 1985 until 2000, Walter Feit served as its editor-in-chief.

In 2004, Journal of Algebra announced (vol. 276, no. 1 and 2) the creation of a new section on computational algebra, with a separate editorial board. The first issue completely devoted to computational algebra was vol. 292, no. 1 (October 2005).

The Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Algebra is Michel Broué, Université Paris Diderot, and Gerhard Hiß, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) is Editor of the computational algebra section.

See also

Susan Montgomery, an editor of the journal

External links

 Journal of Algebra at ScienceDirect

Mathematics journals
Academic journals established in 1964

Journal of Algebra


The Airbus A300-600ST is a civil aircraft. It is a bigger cargo aircraft variant of the A300. Only five were built. It's also known as Beluga.

Airbus A300-600ST is used to transport parts of Airbus aircraft between all manufacturers of the group. All are registered in France.

A300-600ST

Airbus A300-600ST


Marcus M. Spiegel (December 8, 1829 – May 4, 1864) was one of the highest ranking Jewish officers in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War. He served in the 67th and 120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. During the course of the war he became a staunch abolitionist. He served at the Siege of Vicksburg, and was mortally wounded during the Red River Campaign in May 1864.

Early life and education
Spiegel was born in the hamlet of Abenheim, Germany, near the city of Worms, on December 8, 1829, to a Jewish family that had lived in Germany since the sixteenth century. While peddling in Ohio he met Caroline Hamlin, daughter of a prominent Quaker. They married and moved to Chicago, Illinois where she studied Judaism and German-Jewish cooking. She converted to Judaism in 1853 in Chicago.
He was the older brother of Joseph Spiegel, founder of Spiegel Catalog.

Career
Spiegel volunteered for the Union Army and soon rose through its ranks. He wrote over 150 letters to his wife Caroline during the course of the war, most of which still survive. In one of his letters wrote:

I am [in] favor of doing away with the institution of Slavery...never hereafter will I either speak or vote in favor of Slavery; this is no hasty conclusion but a deep conviction.

In late 1862 Spiegel was transferred to the recently formed 120th Ohio Volunteer infantry, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was officially commissioned colonel on March 20, 1863, and took formal command of the regiment.

He served at the Battle of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863). Soon after the fall of Vicksburg, he was badly wounded by an exploding shell. Spiegel survived the incident and was sent home to recuperate, and in March 1864 he returned to front line duties. Several weeks after his return, Confederate forces succeeded in ambushing the Union transport ship City Belle, at a location near Snaggy Point on the Red River, during the Red River Campaign in Louisiana. The result of the ambush was a disaster for the Ohioans; most of the 120th infantry were taken prisoner. Spiegel was again wounded by a shell burst; this time fatally. He died of his wounds on May 4, 1864.

Notes

References
 Soman, Jean Powers, and Byrne, Frank L., A Jewish Colonel in the Civil War, Marcus M. Spiegel of the Ohio Volunteers, Published by the University of Nebraska Press Retrieved May 2012

External links
Jewish-history.com
Jean Soman webpage
University of Nebraska Press
One of Spiegel's letters at Jewish-history.com
 Images of Spiegel

1829 births
1864 deaths
Jewish American military personnel
American people of German-Jewish descent
People from Worms, Germany
Union Army colonels
Marcus
19th-century American businesspeople
Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War
German abolitionists
American abolitionists

Marcus M. Spiegel


Mike McNeill (born March 7, 1988) is a former American football tight end. Prior to the Carolina Panthers. McNeill played as tight end for his hometown team, the St. Louis Rams from 2011-2014. He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2011 after playing college football at Nebraska.

Early years
McNeill was born in St. Louis, Missouri and attended Kirkwood High School in Kirkwood, Missouri from 2002 to 2006, where he was a letterman in football and basketball. He was a captain of the KHS football squad, playing defensive end and tight end alongside Jeremy Maclin who currently plays wide receiver for the Philadelphia Eagles.  McNeill was a three-year starter for the football team and a significant contributor to the 2005 semi-finalist squad.  That same year, he also led the basketball team to a third-place finish in the state championship.  McNeill was a captain of the KHS football squad, playing defensive end and tight end.  He has 1,833 career all-purpose yards with 97 career receptions totaling 1,816 yards with an 18.72 average. He was ranked among the top 40 prospects at tight end nationally and among the top dozen players in the state of Missouri. He was one of two signees from the state of Missouri in 2006 and chose Nebraska over several other offers.

College career
McNeill attended University of Nebraska-Lincoln from 2006-2010. As a sophomore, McNeill burst onto the scene, catching a Nebraska tight end record 32 passes for 442 yards and six touchdowns. His receptions total bettered the 31 catches by Johnny Mitchell in 1991, and his six touchdowns were just one shy of Mitchell's season tight end record. McNeill was one of seven Huskers who caught at least 20 passes, helping Nebraska finish 14th nationally in passing offense and 12th in total offense. After setting the single-season position reception record in 2008, McNeill claimed the career tight end reception record and closed his career with 82 career catches to rank in a tie for ninth in school history. He also became the 19th Husker to record 1,000 career receiving yards.

Honors & Awards
-Second-team All-Big 12 (2009, AP)
-Honorable-Mention All-Big 12 (2009, Coaches)
-Nebraska Career Record Holder for Receptions by a Tight End (82)
-Nebraska Season Record Holder for Receptions by a Tight End (32 in 2008)
-Big 12 Commissioner's Fall Academic Honor Roll (2006, 2010)

Professional career

Indianapolis Colts
After going undrafted in the 2011 NFL Draft, McNeill signed as a free agent with the Indianapolis Colts on July 29, 2011.

St. Louis Rams
On December 20, 2011, McNeill signed with the St. Louis Rams.

Carolina Panthers
On March 14, 2014, McNeill signed with the Carolina Panthers. On March 16, 2015, he was released by the Panthers.

External links
 Carolina Panthers bio
 Indianapolis Colts bio
 Nebraska Cornhuskers bio

1988 births
Living people
American football tight ends
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
Indianapolis Colts players
St. Louis Rams players
Carolina Panthers players

Mike McNeill (American football)


Carlos Román Delgado Chalbaud Gómez (20 January 1909 – 13 November 1950) was a Venezuelan career military officer.
He was the President of Venezuela from 1948 to 1950 as leader of a military junta.
In 1945, he was one of the high-ranking officers who brought to power the Democratic Action party by a coup d'état.
In 1948, as a Minister of Defense, he led another military coup and lingered as the President until his assassination in Caracas.

References

1909 births
1950 deaths
Presidents of Venezuela
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm

Carlos Delgado Chalbaud


In physics, the Toda oscillator is a special kind of nonlinear oscillator. It represents a chain of particles with exponential potential interaction between neighbors.  These concepts are named after Morikazu Toda.  The Toda oscillator is used as a simple model to understand the phenomenon of self-pulsation, which is a quasi-periodic pulsation of the output intensity of a solid-state laser in the transient regime.

Definition
The Toda oscillator is a dynamical system of any origin, which can be described with dependent coordinate  and independent coordinate , characterized in that the evolution along independent coordinate  can be approximated with equation

where
,  and prime denotes the derivative.

Physical meaning
The independent coordinate  has sense of time. Indeed, it may be proportional to time  with some relation like , where  is constant.

The derivative  may have sense of velocity of particle with coordinate ; then  can be interpreted as acceleration; and the mass of such a particle is equal to unity.

The dissipative function  may have sense of coefficient of the speed-proportional friction.

Usually, both parameters  and  are supposed to be positive; then this speed-proportional friction coefficient grows exponentially at large positive values of coordinate .

The potential  is a fixed function, which also shows exponential growth at large positive values of coordinate .

In the application in laser physics,  may have a sense of logarithm of number of photons in the laser cavity, related to its steady-state value.  Then, the output power of such a laser is proportional to  and may show pulsation at oscillation of .

Both analogies, with a unity mass particle and logarithm of number of photons, are useful in the analysis of behavior of the Toda oscillator.

Energy
Rigorously, the oscillation is periodic only at . Indeed, in the realization of the Toda oscillator as a self-pulsing laser, these parameters may have values of order of ; during several pulses, the amplitude of pulsation does not change much. In this case, we can speak about the period of pulsation, since the function  is almost periodic.

In the case , the energy of the oscillator  does not depend on , and can be treated as a constant of motion. Then, during one period of pulsation, the relation between  and  can be expressed analytically:

where
 and  are minimal and maximal values of ; this solution is written for the case when .

however, other solutions may be obtained using the principle of translational invariance.

The ratio  is a convenient parameter to characterize the amplitude of pulsation.  Using this, we can express the median value

as
;
and the energy

is also an elementary function of .

In application, the quantity  need not be the physical energy of the system; in these cases, this dimensionless quantity may be called quasienergy.

Period of pulsation
The period of pulsation is an increasing function of the amplitude .

When ,
the period

When , the period

In the whole range
, the period  and frequency  can be approximated by

to at least 8 significant figures.  The relative error of this approximation does not exceed .

Decay of pulsation
At small (but still positive) values of  and , the pulsation decays slowly, and this decay can be described analytically. In the first approximation, the parameters  and  give additive contributions to the decay; the decay rate, as well as the amplitude and phase of the nonlinear oscillation, can be approximated with elementary functions in a manner similar to the period above.  In describing the behavior of the idealized Toda oscillator, the error of such approximations is smaller than the differences between the ideal and its experimental realization as a self-pulsing laser at the optical bench.  However, a self-pulsing laser shows qualitatively very similar behavior.

Continuous limit
The Toda chain equations of motion, in the continuous limit in which the distance between neighbors goes to zero, become the Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV) equation. Here the index labeling the particle in the chain becomes the new spatial coordinate.

In contrast, the Toda field theory is achieved by introducing a new spatial coordinate which is independent of the chain index label. This is done in a relativistically invariant way, so that time and space are treated on equal grounds. This means that the Toda field theory is not a continuous limit of the Toda chain.

References

Mathematical physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Toda oscillator


The Same was a punk band from Sundsvall. Members were among others Magnus Holmén, Per Kraft, Peter Byström and Tomas Broman. Their most popular song was "Kuken i styret". This song also resulted in that the P3 radio show Ny våg was convicted in the Swedish Broadcasting Commission as they played it.

The band was formed in 1977. Just before the band split up on November 25, 1977; they performed a gig as Pete & the Percolators.

References

Swedish punk rock groups

The Same


Microsoft Notification Protocol (MSNP, also known as the Mobile Status Notification Protocol) is an instant messaging protocol developed by Microsoft for use by the Microsoft Messenger service and the instant messaging clients that connect to it, such as Skype since 2014, and the earlier Windows Live Messenger, MSN Messenger, Windows Messenger, and Microsoft Messenger for Mac. Third-party clients such as Pidgin and Trillian can also communicate using the protocol. MSNP was first used in a publicly available product with the first release of MSN Messenger in 1999.

Technical details
Any major change made to the protocol, such as a new command or syntax changes, results in a version-number incremented by one in the format of MSNP#. During October 2003, Microsoft started blocking access to Messenger service using versions below MSNP8.

Starting on September 11, 2007, Microsoft forces most current users of MSN Messenger to upgrade to Windows Live Messenger 8.1 due to security considerations.

Version history

MSNP1
MSNP1 has never been public. It is believed it was used during the early stages of design and development with MSN Messenger 1

MSNP2
A pre-release version was made available to developers in 1999 in an Internet Draft. However, the production version differed from the published version in a few subtle ways.

MSNP3
Both MSNP2 and MSNP3 were supported by MSN Messenger 2.0. MSNP3 was also supported by the first version of the WebTV (MSN TV) Messenger client released in its Summer 2000 upgrade, and introduces a new command specifically for use by those clients — IMS — which allows the ability for a client to allow or block new switchboard sessions (chats) with other users at any point while the user is signed in.

MSNP4 and MSNP5
MSNP3, 4, and 5 were supported by the Messenger servers by July 2000  and used by MSN Messenger 3.0 and 4.0.

MSNP6 and MSNP7
MSNP6 was used by later versions of MSN Messenger 4.x. In 2002 MSN Messenger 5.0 used MSNP7.

MSNP8
MSNP8 introduced a different authentication method, now sending authorization to the secure Microsoft Passport servers and returning a challenge string. It was the minimum version of the protocol accepted by .NET Messenger Service after Microsoft blocked earlier versions for security reasons. As such, old and obsolete clients are unable to sign in, forcing users to upgrade clients.

Version 5.0 of MSN Messenger and Windows Messenger versions 4.7 through 5.1 are the only known desktop clients that use MSNP8. MSNP8 was also supported by the Messenger clients in later versions of MSN TV starting at 2.8.1, as well as its successor, the MSN TV 2, and was the last version of MSNP to be supported by MSN TV.

This version of the protocol supports Windows Messenger-to-Windows Messenger webcam and voice capabilities.

MSNP9
MSNP9 was introduced with MSN Messenger 6, adding support for "D type" (data) messages, which are used for transferring display pictures and custom emoticons between clients, frame-by-frame web cam (rather than a traditional stream like Windows Media Player's WMV format) and an improved voice system, as well as improved NAT traversal for file transfers.

MSNP10
Employed in MSN Messenger 6.1, after Microsoft started blocking earlier versions in October 2003. However, it was not a big overhaul, the only obvious change was integration with Hotmail address books.

MSNP11
Employed by MSN Messenger 7.0

MSNP12
Employed by MSN Messenger 7.5.

MSNP13
Employed by Windows Live Messenger 8.0, MSNP13 features a lot of changes. Most notably, contact list synchronization has been removed and clients must instead send a SOAP request to a contacts server, also known as "Client goes to ABCH" (where ABCH stands for Address Book Clearing House, the address book service behind all MSN and Windows Live services). The client must then send the contacts data to the server for it to send presence information.

MSNP14
MSNP14 adds Yahoo! Messenger interoperability.

MSNP15
MSNP15 is the protocol version introduced with Windows Live Messenger 8.1 on 2006-09-08. It is based on MSNP14 but uses a different authentication mechanism called RPS (Relying Party Suite). Where TWN "Tweener" authentication is used on protocol versions 14 and below, SSO (Single Sign-On; RPS) authentication will be used on protocol versions 15 and above.

In addition to a new authentication mechanism, Microsoft is also planning on making more of the properties of the user roaming. That is, the user's display picture, and in the future personal status messages, will be the same wherever the user signs in.

Furthermore, support for user locations has been added to the Personal Status Message, although this feature was later removed from the Windows Live Messenger 8.1 client.

MSNP16
MSNP16 is used in a pre-release version of Windows Live Messenger 9.0, leaked in December 2007.

It features "Multiple Points of Presence" (MPOP), the ability to sign in at 2 places at the same time with having chats replicated at all places. The UUX data have been extended to contain Endpoint Data (also MPOP), as well as Signature Sound MSN Object Data.

MSNP17
MSNP17 is identified by Windows Live Messenger servers on messenger.hotmail.com, but unused by any official client released by Microsoft.

MSNP18
MSNP18 is used in Windows Live Messenger 2009 (14.0). Its main new addition is the Groups feature, much like persistent grouped conversations. UUX Data have been extended to include Scene image MSN Object data.

MSNP21
Employed by Windows Live Messenger 2011 (Wave 4) and Windows Live Messenger 2012

MSNP24
Employed by Skype since early 2014. Also used by Microsoft Teams.

See also
Microsoft Messenger service
Apple Push Notification Service
iMessage
Comparison of instant messaging protocols

References

External links
MSN Messenger Protocol - Protocol documentation
MSNPiki - Protocol wiki
MZK - A PHP library that implements the MSN protocol
MSNP-Sharp - A dotnet library implements the MSN protocol
WSDL & XSD files - Web Service Definitions and Schemas
 MSNP15 authentication scheme REd
Java MSN library - Supports protocol 8 to 15
MSNp.py MSN messaging in Python

Instant messaging protocols
Microsoft server technology

Microsoft Notification Protocol


The Air Force of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (), also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Air Force and the Afghan Air Force, is the air force branch of the Afghan Armed Forces.

The Royal Afghan Air Force was established in 1921 under the reign of King Amanullah and significantly modernized by King Zahir Shah in the 1960s. During the 1980s, the Soviet Union built up the Afghan Air Force, first in an attempt to defeat the mujahideen and in hopes that strong Afghan airpower would preserve the pro-Soviet government of Mohammad Najibullah. When Najibullah eventually fell in 1992 the Afghan Air Force may have counted 350 aircraft. The collapse of Najibullah's government in 1992 and the continuation of a civil war throughout the 1990s reduced the number of Afghan aircraft to some 35–40. During Operation Enduring Freedom in late 2001, in which the Taliban government was ousted from power, all that remained of the AAF was a few helicopters.

Since 2007, the U.S.-led Combined Air Power Transition Force, renamed the NATO Air Training Command-Afghanistan in 2010, aimed to rebuild and modernize the Afghan Air Force. It served as the air component of the NATO Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan which was responsible for organising the Afghan Armed Forces. The AAF possessed about 183 aircraft in 2021 and over 7,000 airmen. The Resolute Support Mission intended to raise the ranks of the AAF to 8,000 airmen and increase the number of aircraft, which were progressively getting more advanced.

Following the withdrawal of NATO forces in the summer of 2021, in addition to a large-scale offensive by the Taliban, the mostly non-functional Air Force largely disintegrated. This culminated in the Fall of Kabul and President Ashraf Ghani fleeing to the United Arab Emirates. Large numbers of airmen either fled the country or stood down in the face of the Taliban, with many fixed and rotary-wing aircraft being destroyed or captured by the Taliban. Many other fixed and rotary-wing aircraft had flown to neighboring countries. It was reported that 46 aircraft (22 fixed-wing and 24 helicopters) have so far ended up at Termez Airport in Uzbekistan. After the takeover, Taliban expressed their intention to rebuild the Afghan Air Force and had called on US-trained Afghan pilots to return to Afghanistan.

History

In July 1921, the RSFSR promised to deliver aircraft free of charge to the Afghan government. In 1924 and 1925 the new air force first saw action when it fought against the Khost rebellion. From 1921, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom provided a small number of aircraft to King Amanullah Khan; who had been impressed with British India's use of aircraft against the Emirate of Afghanistan's forces in 1919, during the Third Anglo-Afghan War. However, the aircraft he was given were not made into a separate air arm until 1924. For the next decade, Soviet pilots performed the bulk of the flying and equipping for the AAF, probably about one-half of the aircraft were Polikarpov R-1s, a Soviet copy of the de Havilland DH.9A. Most AAF aircraft were destroyed in the civil war that began in December 1928, and it was not before 1937 that a serious rebuilding effort began. From the late 1930s until World War II, British Hawker Hind and Italian IMAM Ro.37 aircraft constituted the bulk of the Afghan Air Force, which by 1938 amounted to about 30 planes in service. The Hawker Hind remained in the Afghan inventory until 1957, and as of 2009 one former Afghan Air Force Hawker Hind still flew in the Shuttleworth Collection. In 1947, the Air Force was redesignated the Royal Afghan Air Force (RAAF), a title it retained until further political upheaval in 1973.

By 1960, the Royal Afghan Air Force consisted of approximately 100 combat aircraft including MiG-15 fighters, Il-28 light bombers, transports, and a few helicopters. Also by that time, a small number of Afghan pilots were undergoing undergraduate pilot training in the United States, while others attended training in the Soviet Union, India, and several European countries. In 1973 King Zahir Shah was deposed and Mohammed Daoud Khan became the country's president. During his five years in power, until the Saur Revolution of 1978, Daoud gained Soviet assistance to upgrade the capabilities and increase the size of the Afghan Air Force, introducing newer models of Soviet MiG-21 fighters and An-24 and An-26 transports. In 1979 the Air Force lost four Mi-8s. Improvements in the early-to-mid-1970s notwithstanding, the Air Force remained relatively small until after the 1979–80 Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. While the Afghan Air Force was equipped with a large inventory – probably some 400 aircraft in the mid-1980s – many of them were manned and maintained by advisors from Czechoslovakia and Cuba. In many cases, the Soviets were reluctant to entrust Afghan pilots with either the latest aircraft models or high priority missions and, indeed, a number of Afghan pilots were equally reluctant to conduct air strikes against their countrymen. The Afghan Air Force was at its strongest in the 1980s and early 1990s, producing some concern on the part of neighboring countries. The Air Force had at least 7,000 personnel plus 5,000 foreign advisors. At its peak, the Air Force had at least 240 fixed-wing fighters, fighter-bombers and light bombers. Midway through the Soviet–Afghan War, one estimate listed the following inventory:

 90 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17s
 45 MiG-21s – in 1990, three squadrons were reported at Bagram Airfield
 60 Su-7s and Su-17s – Warplane, a British partwork, reported in its issue 21, published in 1985, that some 48 Su-7BMs, without Su-7UM two-seaters, had been supplied from 1970, forming the equipment of two fighter/ground attack squadrons at Shindand Airbase.
 45 Il-28s
 150 Mil Mi-8s and Mil Mi-24s

Additionally, the Afghan Air Force probably operated some 40 or more transports, including the Antonov An-26, Antonov An-24, and Antonov An-2. Another estimate in 1988 painted a more detailed picture of the Afghan Air Force:
 322nd Air Regiment, Bagram Air Base, three fighter squadrons with 40 MiG-21s
 321st Air Regiment, Bagram Air Base, three fighter/bomber squadrons with Su-7/Su-22
 393rd Air Regiment, Dehdadi Air Base (Balkh), three fighter/bomber squadrons with MiG-17s
 355th Air Regiment, Shindand Airbase, 3 bomber squadrons with Il-28s and one fighter/bomber squadron with MiG-17s
 232nd Air Regiment, Kabul Airport, three helicopter squadrons with Mi-4, Mi-6, and Mi-8 with one squadron of Mi-8s detached to Shindand
 377th Air Regiment, Kabul Airport, four helicopter squadrons with Mi-25s and Mi-17s
 ? Air Regiment, Kabul Airport, two transport squadrons with An-2, An-26/30, and one VIP transport squadron with one Il-18 and 12 An-14s
 two attack helicopter squadrons with Mi-24s at Jallalabad and Kabul
 Air Force Academy, Kabul, with Yak-18s and L-39s
 Air Defence Forces consisting of two SAM regiments at Kabul, an AAA Battalion at Kandahar, and a radar regiment at Kabul

The Mil Mi-24 and Mi-35 (export model) attack helicopters have a long history in Afghanistan. The aircraft was operated extensively during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, mainly for attacking mujahideen fighters. Early in the war, the only anti-air weapons of the mujahideen were Soviet made shoulder-launched, heat-seeking SAMs and American Redeye, which had either been captured from the Soviets or their Afghan allies or were supplied from Western sources. Many of them came from stocks the Israelis had captured during their wars with Soviet client states in the Middle East. Owing to a combination of the limited capabilities of these early types of missiles, poor training and poor material condition of the missiles, they were not particularly effective.

Beginning in 1986, the US supplied the mujahideen with its state-of-the-art heat-seeking missile, the FIM-92 Stinger, which the Afghans employed with devastating effect. In the first use of the Stinger in Afghanistan, mujahideen fighters downed three of eight unsuspecting Soviet Mi-24 Hinds as they approached the airfield at Jalalabad on a late September afternoon. Some scholars point to that event in 1986 as the turning point in the war. Moreover, for most of the remainder of the war when Stingers were known to be present, Soviet and Afghan aircraft elected to remain at higher altitudes where they were less vulnerable to the missile, but also less effective in ground attacks. Although employed extensively throughout the war as a ground attack platform, the Hind suffered from a weak tail boom and was found to be underpowered for some missions it was called upon to perform in the mountains of Afghanistan, where high density altitude is especially problematic for rotary-wing aircraft.

Overall, the Hind proved effective and very reliable, earning the respect of both Soviet and Afghan pilots as well as ordinary Afghans throughout the country. The mujahideen nicknamed the Mi-24 the "Devil's Chariot" due to its notorious reputation.

After the Soviet withdrawal and the departure of foreign advisors, the Air Force declined in terms of operational capability. With the collapse of the Najibullah Government in 1992, the Air Force splintered, breaking up amongst the different mujahideen factions in the ongoing civil war. By the end of the 1990s, the Taliban maintained five supersonic MiG-21MF and 10 Sukhoi Su-22 fighter-bombers. They also held six Mil Mi-8 helicopters, five Mi-35s, five L-39Cs, six An-12s, 25 An-26s, a dozen An-24/32s, an IL-18, and a Yakovlev.
The Afghan Northern Alliance/United Front operated a small number of helicopters and transports and a few other aircraft for which it depended on assistance from neighboring Tajikistan.

While the land forces, the army, changed fundamentally under the Taliban from 1996 to 2001, the air force was an exception in that the old structures and chain of command were maintained. With its founding in 1994 the Taliban invited former Communist Pilots to join their ranks which many Khalqists and Pashtun Parchamites willingly accepted due to ethnic solidarity or a despise for the Mujahedeen warlords who had not brought peace to the nation.

With the breakdown of logistical systems, the cannibalization of surviving airframes was widespread. The US air campaign in the fall of 2001 destroyed most of the remaining Afghan aircraft.

Civil Aviation Service
After the end of the Soviet war in 1989 and collapse of Najibullah's government, the Taliban took over Kabul in 1996. Afghanistan faced substantial economic sanctions from the international sector during the Taliban regime. The sanctions, along with the Taliban government's control of Ariana Afghan Airlines and the grounding of many of the carrier's international flights, had a devastating effect on the economic health of the company through the 1990s. The fleet was reduced to only a handful of Russian and Ukrainian built An-26s, Yak-40s and three Boeing 727s, which were used on the longest domestic routes and military transport roles. With no overseas assets, by 1999 Ariana's international operations consisted of flights to Dubai only; also, limited cargo flights continued into China's western provinces. However, sanctions imposed by UN Security Council Resolution 1267 forced the airline to suspend overseas operations. In , Ariana was grounded completely.

According to the Los Angeles Times:

According to people interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, Viktor Bout's companies helped in running the airline.

21st century

It was 2005 before a US-led, international effort began to rebuild the Afghan Air Force. Marion writes:
In 2005, the Americans took the first tentative steps to reestablishing an Afghan presidential airlift capability in keeping with a directive from U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. In May 2005, Afghan officials named Major General Dawran the commander of the new Afghan Air Corps. Later that year, a small team led by Colonel John Hansen, U.S. Army, began working with Afghan airmen at Kabul International Airport. By mid-2006, Colonel Hansen had developed a plan for the Air Corps that became the basis for the Combined Air Power Transition Force (CAPTF) that began work the following year.

For the first time in over two decades Afghanistan began training new pilots. In January 2008, President Hamid Karzai said that his country's Air Force had been reborn after inaugurating its new headquarters at Kabul International Airport freshly equipped with new aircraft. It had received 26 new and refurbished aircraft, including Czech-donated Mi-35 Hind helicopter gunships. With United States funding, the Afghan government had also acquired transport helicopters and a number of Ukrainian military aircraft.

The North Kabul International Airport cantonment area included the new headquarters for the Afghan Air Force and 201st Kabul Air Wing. The wing's three operational squadrons, one fixed-wing, one rotary-wing, and the Presidential Airlift Squadron, were housed there. The cantonment area includes state-of-the-art hangars as well as operations, logistics, billeting, dining, and recreational facilities. Extensive AAF facilities were also constructed at Kandahar International Airport.

A number of Afghan pilots and pilot-candidates travelled to the United States beginning in May 2009 for English language training, to be followed by instrument training for the pilots and undergraduate pilot training for the pilot-candidates. This was the start of an initiative that, within the following years, was to produce a small cadre of seasoned, instrument-rated Afghan Air Force pilots as well as a larger number of younger, well-trained pilots to serve as the backbone of the Afghan Air Force for the next generation. Other NATC-A-led programs include English language and technical courses for AAF personnel in various specialties including aircraft maintenance, logistics, communications, and engineering. As of June 2009, the Air Force numbered about 2,400 airmen, with a planned strength of 7,400 airmen within several years.

In late 2009, the AAF began receiving refurbished former Italian Air Force Aeritalia G.222 tactical transports, named C-27 in U.S. service, and Mi-17V5 Hip transport helicopters. In June 2010 the Afghan National Army Air Corps became a separate and independent service and was renamed the Afghan Air Force by order of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Also in the same year, a number of female trainers completed their courses and were commissioned as lieutenants. More were being trained as the numbers of air force personnel increased.

As of March 2011, the Afghan Air Force (AAF) had 44 rotary-wing and 13 fixed-wing aircraft in serviceable condition. By the end of 2011, the AAF had 16 C-27As (on loan from the U.S government) and 35 of the new Mi-8 Hips while continuing to operate the older Mi-17s and retiring the An-32 fleet. Further growth of the AAF depended on decisions regarding the size of the Afghan National Army which, in turn, determined AAF requirements. In a country of rugged terrain possessing limited ground transportation options, the Afghan Armed Forces depends heavily upon AAF fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft for airlift of soldiers and supplies between corps operating locations, medical and casualty evacuation, and transport of human remains. The Afghan government also relied on the AAF for transportation of election materials during the 2009 presidential election. It was announced in October 2011 that the Afghan Air Force would be provided with 145 multi-type aircraft and 21 helicopters. By the end of 2011, the Afghan Air Force had a total of 4,900 airmen and personnel.

By 2016 the Afghan Air Force was planned to expand to 8,000 airmen and 145 operational aircraft. To that end there was continuing expansion in infrastructure, training and maintenance facilities. The US also purchased modern equipment and aircraft including Russian Mi-17 helicopters. Significant investment went into purchasing modern training aircraft such as MD 500 helicopters and fixed-wing Cessna 182 and 208 planes.

In 2016–17, the United States Department of Defense (DOD) aimed to procure 30 additional armed MD-530F helicopters and 6 additional A-29 attack aircraft to replace the Mil Mi-35 in service with the AAF. DOD asked for funds to add an additional five AC-208s to the fleet. The requested FY2017 Afghan Security Forces Fund (ASFF) budget, including the 23 additional funds for the first year of the planned procurement, went to Congress on 10 November 2016.

As part of the 2021 Taliban offensive, Taliban fighters targeted Afghan Air Force pilots. Many pilots escaped to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, bringing a number the AAF aircraft with them. Satellite pictures analysis of 16 August indicated that the Termez Airport held multiple AAF aircraft: including various Mi-17, Mi-25 and UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, as well some A-29s and C-208s airplanes. An Afghan A-29 Super Tucano crashed in Uzbekistan's Surxondaryo Region. Two pilots ejected and landed with parachutes. Initially it was reported shot down by Uzbekistan air defenses, then the Prosecutor General's office in Uzbekistan issued a statement saying that an Afghan military plane had collided mid-air with an Uzbekistan Air Force MiG-29, finally it also retracted the statement about the mid-air collision. Afghan pilots which escaped to Tajikistan were held in a sanitorium until they were freed in November 2021.

During the final Taliban offensive, the Taliban also deployed a secretive drone unit to attack high value targets such as government officials.

After the Taliban takeover
On 1 September 2021, the Taliban flew a Black Hawk displaying the flag of the Taliban over Kabul. The top leadership of the Taliban announced their intentions to rebuild the Air Force. They have also encouraged US-trained Afghan pilots to return to Afghanistan. However, only a few pilots have returned since the Taliban takeover.

On 11 January 2022, Taliban's minister of Defence Mullah Yaqoob asked Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to return the aircraft that were used by Afghan pilots to flee the country and warned of repercussions if the aircraft are not returned.

On 6 February 2022, Taliban's Ministry of Defence spokesperson Enayatullah Khwarizmi announced that around five Afghan pilots have returned to the country and resumed their work.

Structure
As of November 2019, the Afghan Air Force has at least 183 aircraft and approximately 6,800 personnel. There are four Afghan Air Force wings:

 Kabul (201st or 1st Wing):  fixed-wing squadron, rotary-wing squadron, Presidential Airlift Squadron
 Kandahar (202nd or 2nd Wing): rotary-wing squadron, fixed-wing squadron
 Shindand (203rd or 3rd Wing): training squadron, rotary-wing squadron
 Mazar-i-Sharif (304th or 4th Wing): rotary-wing squadron

The command center of the Afghan Air Force was located at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul. The Shindand Air Base in Herat Province served as the main training facility.

Lt. Gen. Mohammad Dawran was the final Chief of Staff of the Afghan Air Force and Gen. Abdul Fahim Ramin as the final Afghan Air Force Commander. Abdul Raziq Sherzai served as a major general and commander of the Kandahar Air Wing. Abdul Raziq Sherzai is the brother of Nangarhar Province province governor Gul Agha Sherzai.

2013–2021 projects
In 2013 Afghanistan sent India a large wish-list of equipment which included one An-32 and two squadrons of Mi-17 and Mi-35 helicopters. This deal was initially put on hold due to fears of antagonizing India's regional rival Pakistan, but in 2014 India reached a compromise where instead of directly supplying the equipment it would instead pay Russia to deliver them instead. The deal included arms, ammunition and the refurbishment of weapon systems and aircraft left behind by the Soviets.

India further agreed to help refurbish older Soviet-era aircraft in Afghan Air Force. As a part of this two Indian Air Force teams visited Afghanistan and identified around 50 aircraft which could be serviced and brought back to active service. This included Mi-25/35, Mi-8 and An-32s aircraft.

Fixed-wing attack/trainer

Twenty attack aircraft that could also be used for training and to provide the Army with close air support were desired. The two contenders were the Embraer A-29 Super Tucano and the Beechcraft AT-6. Embraer won the previous contract but the tendering process was cancelled after it was discovered that proper procedures were not followed. A winner for the new contract was expected in June 2013 with first deliveries expected to begin in the third quarter of 2014, about 15 months after originally planned. The Super Tucano was declared the winner of the contract again in 2013. The contract was to be completed by Sierra Nevada Corp. for 20 A-29 Super Tucanos with an expected delivery date of between December 2015 and 2018. DOD purchased the Super Tucanos for $427 million.

The first ten aircraft were to be stationed at Shindand Air Base, in western Afghanistan. The other 10 were to go to Kandahar Airfield.

Pilot training was undertaken by the U.S. Air Force's 81st Fighter Squadron at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. On 18 December 2015, the first Super Tucano pilots graduated at Moody AFB. USAF Colonel John Nichols, the 14th Flying Training Wing Commander said of the pilots, "The extraordinary dedication of these pilots and the sacrifices these graduates have made will help establish a secure, stable and unified country". The pilot graduates and the remaining 22 student pilots were to receive further, advisory support in Afghanistan.

The first four aircraft arrived at Hamid Karzai International Airport on 15 January 2016, with a further four due before the end of 2016. Combat-ready Afghan Super Tucano pilots graduated from training at Moody AFB returned to Afghanistan, the first of a total of 30 pilots the USAF trained.

By March 2018, the AAF had 12 Super Tucanos in service. On 22 March 2018, the Afghan Air Force dropped a GBU-58 Paveway II laser-guided bomb from a Super Tucano in combat, for the first time.

Air mobility
The U.S. Navy equipped the Afghan Air Force with refurbished An-32 transport aircraft during initial reconstruction efforts. These aircraft augmented an existing fleet of An-32 and An-26 aircraft. The An-32 was retired on 17 June 2011 in a push to move operations over to the C27 program but like the L-39, it is still kept in ready status by the Afghan Air Force.

The United States purchased the C-27A to move the AAF away from Soviet aircraft. A total of 20 former Italian military C-27As were purchased with the intent of providing the Afghan Air Force a fleet that would last 10 years. However, the prime contractor in the refurbishment and supply of the planes, Alenia Aermacchi North America, a unit of Italian defense conglomerate Finmeccanica S.p.A., was unable to provide adequate maintenance support for the aircraft. As a result, the majority of the fleet at any time was grounded for safety of flight issues (including a period where the entire fleet was grounded for over 6 months). The US military worked over the course of three years with Alenia North America to get the fleet fully operational.

Part of the issues with supplying the C-27As came about from ownership. The C-27A program included an initial parts supply and training contract for the Afghan Air Force. Upon arrival of the first two aircraft in November 2009, Brig. Gen. Michael R. Boera, commanding general, Combined Air Power Transition Force and commander of the 438th Air Expeditionary Wing announced that the aircraft were part of the Afghan National Army Air Corps in a ceremony at Kabul International Airport. The contract for the aircraft, a 14-month effort, had the U.S. government as the end user of the aircraft due to an Italian arms embargo with Afghanistan. The U.S. declaration that the C-27A was now an Afghan Air Force asset effectively violated international law and the Italian government enforced the embargo and stopped shipment of contracted supplies to Afghanistan. This put the U.S. government in a dilemma since the $290 million contract was funded through the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund (ASFF) which required, by U.S. law, that all military materials purchased be turned over to the Afghan government.

The C-27A was eventually determined to be a U.S. owned asset utilized by the Afghan Air Force with intent to turn over the asset in the future. This determination assumed that the Italian embargo would at some point be lifted, or that enough supplies could be stock piled to take the aircraft through its expected 10-year service life, but that determination was not immediate. This caused a delay of contracted goods beyond the time frame of the initial contract through no fault of the contractor, and made it necessary for the U.S. government to enter into a second more costly maintenance contract with Alenia North America to get aircraft operational. Since the C-27A aircraft purchased still had Italian military air worthiness certificates controlled by the company, Alenia North America effectively monopolized the entire supply chain making fair competition non-existent. This second contract inflated the total program cost to over $600 million, and it would have cost over $1.2 billion had the U.S. opted to extend the contract up to 10 years.

The contract with Alenia North America was eventually terminated. It was announced that the contractor had failed to meet their legal obligations, and that the Afghan Air Force would receive four Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport aircraft, expected in 2013. The G-222 program legacy to the C-130 is that the cockpit and cargo compartment configurations of the C-27A are similar to that of a C-130H. The C-27A simulator program, contracted to Fidelity Technologies Corporation, produced three C-27A simulators: one Fuselage Load Trainer (cargo compartment), one Flight Training Device (cockpit), and one Basic Aircraft Training Device (cockpit). These training devices were built to FAA standards from two derelict U.S. Air Force C-27A aircraft and allowed the Afghan Air Force to continue to train while the C-27A fleet was effectively out of service for over a year, making transition to the C-130 a feasible alternative.

Helicopters

The Mi-17 was in service with the Afghan Air Force since the late 1970s (four were damaged or destroyed in combat as early as 1979). DOD purchased a number of new Mi-17s for the AAF from Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. At least two Mi-17s were reported to have crashed during the Afghanistan War.

The most recent DOD acquisition of Mi-17s was for 21 airframes, spare parts and training. These all include western avionics. Eighteen of these were delivered in 2012. As part of the contract, there was also an option for another twelve Mi-17s, raising the contract to 33. They were modified in the UAE after being delivered to the US Army to fit Afghan Air Force requirements better before being sent to Afghanistan.

The Afghan Air Force possessed two Mi-17v5 Flight Training Devices, one Mi-17v5 Basic Aircraft Training Device, and one Mi-17 Cockpit Procedure Trainer built by Fidelity Technologies Corporation. The Air Force was expected be in possession of 46 Mi-17 helicopters by June 2012, with an additional 10 to be delivered by 2016.

In 2017 the decision was made to transition from Russian to U.S. helicopters due to issues with sourcing parts and maintenance because of ongoing diplomatic issues between the US, the AAF main source of funds, and Russia. Consequently, it was decided to replace the AAF Mi-17s with refurbished UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters. The Department of Defense (DoD) requested $814.5M for 2017, the first year of the plan, to re-equip the Afghan Air Force and to provide funding to procure 53 UH-60s, with refurbishment and modification of the first 18. Long term the US planned to provide 159 UH-60 Black Hawks with funding for the first 53 already being secured in the 2017 budget, however, the DoD would have had to request additional funds each year to procure the rest of the proposed aircraft. Deliveries were expected to start in 2019 with 30 helicopters expected to be delivered each year. The UH-60s were also to be fitted with rocket pods to increase their offensive capability and the first four UH-60s slated for training were expected to arrive in Afghanistan in autumn 2017. The refurbished helicopters would have been 1980s UH-60As with new engines with the most likely choice being the General Electric T-700-GE-701C, which is found on the U.S. Army's newer UH-60Ls and Ms, as well as the up-coming UH-60V model.

Training

Training was undertaken at the Shindand Air Wing at Shindand Air Base in western Afghanistan. The base which had been refurbished and expanded by NATO was tripled its initial size. The seven candidates were all graduates of the National Military Academy of Afghanistan or Initial Officer Training held in the United Kingdom and also undertook English language training in the Kabul English Language Training Center. Students were to be trained in both fixed-wing aircraft, namely the Cessna 182T and 208B and in rotary wing aircraft, the MD 530F. About 6 MD 530F helicopters were delivered to Shindand in late 2011. The initial 6 helicopters completed acceptance flights and were in a condition to be used to begin training AAF pilots, although one was destroyed in 2013 by an IED. The four-year contract could've seen as many as 54 other helicopters being supplied to the AAF.

With the delivery of 20 advanced fixed-wing light support aircraft, a plan was made for the A-29 Super Tucano Afghan pilots to undergo further training. This would've significantly increased the level of knowledge and experience in the AAF.

Aircraft

The Afghan Air Force (AAF) deteriorated following the collapse of Najibullah's government in 1992, and it was nearly eliminated by US/Coalition air strikes during Operation Enduring Freedom in late 2001. The new NATO-assembled Afghan Air Force gradually increased its aircraft inventory, personnel, and operational capabilities since at least 2007. The last addition of aircraft was made in December 2011, which included 12 trainers and 6 helicopters from the United States.

Inventory before the 2021 Taliban offensive

Multiple helicopters including UH-60 Black Hawk and Mil Mi-17 were destroyed during the 2021 Taliban offensive.  Multiple helicopters including Mil Mi-24, MD 530F Cayuse Warrior, UH-60 Black Hawk and Mil Mi-17 were also captured by the Taliban.

During the Fall of Kabul, at least 22 military planes and 24 helicopters carrying 585 Afghans fled to Uzbekistan. One Afghan Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano crashed after crossing the border, Uzbek authorities issued conflicting reports on the cause. Two Afghan military planes carrying over 100 soldiers also landed on the Tajik city of Bokhtar.

Initial estimates of AAF aircraft captured by the Taliban, according to photographic/video evidence, included 13 aircraft, 38 helicopters, seven Boeing Insitu ScanEagle UAVs, and 73 additional aircraft reportedly disabled by U.S. forces before they departed.

Aircraft flown out

On 17 August 2021, it was reported that elements of the Afghan Air Force (AAF) fled to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan on board 22 fixed-wing planes and 26 helicopters from the former AAF including A-29 Super Tucano,  Cessna AC-208 Caravans, Pilatus PC-12NG, Mi-8/Mi-17s Hip, UH-60 Black Hawk, and MD 530F Little Bird. As the AAF fled to neighboring countries, one A-29 Super Tucano crashed in Uzbekistan, while 6 landed safely. 7 UH-60s fled to Uzbekistan.

On 20 November 2021, it was reported that ex-Afghan Air Force aircraft - 3 Russian made Mi-17 Hip helicopters - had arrived at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base aka "The Boneyard". Based on radar data, they're believed to have come from Uzbekistan.

On 10 December 2021, it was disclosed that a further 17 helicopters, ex-Afghan Air Force, have arrived at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base over the past few weeks. They included an additional 4 Mi-17 Hip transport helicopters and 17 MD 530F Little Bird armed light helicopters. This increased the total number of former Afghan Air Force aircraft, brought back to the U.S. to 24 aircraft - all helicopters. 37 UH-60A+ Black Hawk helicopters are being stored in the U.S. as their delivery was cancelled, while it's believed that the 7 Black Hawks that fled Afghanistan may be returned to the same unknown location where the 37 never delivered Black Hawks are kept. Six helicopters, including 3 UH-60A+ Black Hawks and 3 Mi-17s, were undergoing maintenance outside of Afghanistan when the country fell and it's unknown whether these Mi-17s were part of the airlifts that brought the additional 4 Mi-17s to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base over the past few weeks.

Current inventory
There are varying reports that some fixed wing and helicopters are in flying condition. These examples include Cessna 208's,  Antonov An-26/An-32's,  Mi-8/17's,  Mi-24/35's,  MD500 Defender's,  UH-60 Black Hawk's, and a ScanEagle UAV. As number totals are unconfirmed,  estimates put that number between 50 to 78 airframes, this figure may to drop over time due to lack of spares and manufacture support.

Facilities

Insignia
During its first incarnation, Afghan aircraft carried simple black and white depictions of the Arms of Afghanistan, with the inscription 'God is great' on the underside of the wings. The Afghan flag was possibly used as well. Afghanistan adopted a black, red, and green flag after the 1929 revolt, and when the Air Force was given aircraft again in 1937, it placed this flag on the rudder, and adopted wing and fuselage roundels based on the three colors.

The Royal Afghan Air Force retained the roundels until adopting a new style in 1967, with a unique insignia consisting of a tri-color triangle using the national colors upon a white disc, on which was inscribed with Arabic lettering forming various phrases. This roundel was placed on the rudder in place of the flag. This remained in use after the overthrow of the monarchy until the Saur Revolution in 1978, when a new insignia of a red disc with yellow inscriptions with the Pashto word Khalq was adopted. This was short-lived however, as in 1983, a emblem more reminiscent of the 1937 Afghan Airforce roundel was adopted which featured a red star on a white disc ringed in black, red, and green was adopted. These were in use until the fall of the Najibullah regime in April of 1992.

Upon the fall of the Homeland Party government in 1992, various different roundels were adopted by different warlord factions of Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, Jamiat-e Islami, the Junbish and later the Taliban some of which included the old tri-color with different coloring depending on the faction.

After the 2021 Taliban reassertion of power in Afghanistan, on some helicopters the triangle insignia was replaced by the flag or the coat of arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan while on some others, the Taliban continue to use the traditional Afghan Air Force triangle.

See also
 Abdul Ahad Momand - Afghan Cosmonaut and Air Force Colonel
 Latifa Nabizada
 Niloofar Rahmani

Notes

References
  288 pp.; £35.00. Due to its 'simplicity, which matched low technology and basic organization found among the human resources available' the Taliban's army from 1996 to 2001 was perhaps the most successful national army for Afghanistan (p. 121).

 Nyrop, Richard F., and Donald M. Seekins. "Area Handbook Series: Afghanistan: A Country Study:" Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1986.
 Republished 2001.

Further reading
  (72 pages)

External links

 The First 30 Years of Aviation in Afghanistan
 Roundels of the world, Afghanistan

https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG845.pdf
Afghan National Army Air Corps now Afghan National Army Air Force

Air Force
Air forces by country
Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1919
1924 establishments in Afghanistan

Afghan Air Force


Meyer Rock () is a pinnacle rock  northwest of McDonald Island in the McDonald Islands. This feature was charted as "Meyers Rock" on an 1874 chart by the British Challenger expedition, but the form Meyer Rock is now approved. Captain Johann Meyer of the German ship La Rochelle sighted the island group in 1857, not realizing the prior discovery by Captain William McDonald in 1854.

References

Rock formations of Antarctica

Meyer Rock


Gores Island, also known as Gore's Island, is an island in Strangford Lough, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is connected to nearby Castle Island, and thence to the mainland, by a narrow roadway (causeway) that is passable only at low tides. It has been inhabited previously, but has had no residents since the early 20th century.

Location and geography
Gores Island is located at the southern end of Strangford Lough, in an inlet formed by the mouth of the Quoile River. It is north of the town of Downpatrick, south of Killyleagh and adjacent to Salt Island to the north east and Castle Island to the south west. It has an area of  and is connected to Castle Island by a raised causeway, which is passable at low tide. The island has two hills, with heights of  and  respectively. At low tide, the shoreline of the island is surrounded by an area of exposed soft mud, which can be treacherous.

History
Amongst the island's last inhabitants were farmer Samuel Spratt, who died in 1898, and his widow Jane Spratt, who died on the island in 1910 at the age of 98, having lived there for seventy years. In the 1940s and 1950s, having been uninhabited for several decades, the island was used as a summer-camp venue for boys and girls from Industrial Schools and borstals such as the Malone Training School in Belfast. In recent years the island has been used by the nearby Quoile Yacht Club for an annual "Gore's Island Race".

Flora and fauna
The island features a number of butterfly features, including Pieris rapae, Pieris napi, the Small tortoiseshell (Aglais urticae), Aglais io, and Vanessa cardui.

References

Islands of County Down
Uninhabited islands of Northern Ireland

Gores Island


Borena () was a sister of the Alan king Durgulel "the Great", and the Queen consort of Georgia, as the second wife of Bagrat IV (r. 1027–1072).

The medieval Georgian historical tradition provides little information about Borena. Bagrat married Borena sometime after the death of his first wife in the early 1030s, Elene (niece of the Byzantine emperor Romanos III Argyros). The births of their children in the 1050s is a clue that their marriage was in the 1040s or early 1050s. This was just one of the several intermarriages between the medieval Georgian Bagratids and their natural allies, the royal house of Alania. Borena seems to have retained some contacts with her native Alania: the Georgian chronicles report that when Durgulel paid a visit to Bagrat IV, he also arranged an audience with his sister Borena. The last we hear about Borena is her presence at Bagrat's deathbed in 1072.

Borena is primarily known as a patron and promoter of Georgian Orthodox culture and monastic life. She sponsored the construction of the Georgian Kapata Monastery on Mount Sion at Jerusalem. She is frequently identified with the Borena who was an author of a passionate and moving hymn to Virgin Mary, which is found as an inscription on the Theotokos icon from that time (now preserved at the Lenjer Church in highland Svaneti).

Bagrat IV and Borena were the parents of:
George II of Georgia, Bagrat's successor to the throne of Georgia
Martha-Maria, the future queen consort of the Byzantine Empire

In addition to these well-documented children, the couple may have had a daughter, Mariam, possibly a wife of the Byzantine dignitary Theodore Gabras.

References

Alanic women
Queens consort from Georgia (country)
Women poets from Georgia (country)
Women writers from Georgia (country)
11th-century poets from Georgia (country)
11th-century women writers
11th-century writers
11th-century Iranian people
11th-century people from Georgia (country)
11th-century women from Georgia (country)

Borena of Alania


Bhabar or Bhabhar  (Kumaoni: bhābar) is a region south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills in Kumaon, India. The Bhabhar region contains some of the largest cities of Kumaon and Garhwal : Haldwani, Ramnagar, Tanakpur and Kotdwar. It is the alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Sivaliks along the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
The Indo-Gangetic Plains are generally thought of as a flat region with no variations, although this isn't true. The plains can be classified into four regions on the basis of relief features. The Bhabar is a belt of 8-16 km lying parellel to the slopes of the Sivaliks, where the river descending from the mountains deposit pebbles. The streams flow through the pebbles the region, hence disappearing from sight. They re-emerge only after some distance south, in the relief feature Terai.

Etymology
The name Bhabar refers to a local tall-growing grass, Eulaliopsis binata, used for the manufacture of paper and rope.

Overview
Bhabar plains are located in Kumaon. Bhabar is the gently-sloping coarse alluvial zone below the Sivalik Hills (outermost foothills of the Himalayas) where streams disappear into permeable sediments. The underground water level is deep in this region, then rises to the surface in the Terai below where coarse alluvium gives way to less permeable silt and clay. The Ganges River lies to the west and Sharda to the east.

Being at the junction of Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Bhabar contains almost all the important trade and commerce hubs of Kumaon, including its largest city Haldwani. Due to the top-soil replenishment every monsoon, It is also a fertile area with large yields per unit area.{citation needed|date=March 2019}

History
In 1901 Bhabar was also one of four division of Nainital district. It included 4 towns and 511 villages with a combined population of 93,445 (1901), spread over . It corresponded to the current
subdivision of Haldwani. Bhabar lands were used by Gujjar Cattle herders of Kumaon and Garhwal. They spend their winters in bhabars.

References

External links
 Eulaliopsis binata at wikispecies

Uttarakhand
Geography of Uttarakhand
Himalayas

Bhabar


Sterling Wescott (born January 30, 1972 in Aurora, Colorado) is a retired U.S. soccer midfielder who played in the USISL, National Professional Soccer League, World Indoor Soccer League, Major Indoor Soccer League and two games with D.C. United in Major League Soccer.  He has coached at the high school and professional levels.

Youth
Wescott grew up in Aurora, Colorado, attending Smoky Hill High School where he was a four year starter and three-time All State on the boys' soccer team.  He graduated from high school in the spring of 1990 and entered Fresno State University that fall.  From 1990 to 1994, he played for the Fresno State Bulldogs soccer team.  He graduated in 1995 with a bachelor's degree in physical education and teaching.

Professional
In the summer of 1994, Wescott trained with F.C. Laufen, an amateur Swiss team.  He turned professional in 1995 with the Hawaii Tsunami of the USISL.  That fall, he signed with the Wichita Wings of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL).  He remained with the Wings through the 1998-1999 season.  On February 7, 1996, D.C. United selected Wescott in the 14th round (140th overall) in the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft.  He played two games with United, then was placed on waivers on May 3, 1996.  He then signed with the Hampton Roads Mariners of the USISL.  In the summer of 1997, he played for the Colorado Foxes of the USISL A-League.   From 1999 to 2000, Wescott played for the Utah Freezz in the World Indoor Soccer League.  In 2001, he signed with the Utah Blitzz of the USISL, winning the 2001 championship.  On July 23, 2003, the St. Louis Steamers of the Major Indoor Soccer League selected Wescott in the eighth round of the Expansion Draft.  He played for the Steamers until the folded following the 2005-2006 seasons.  In September 2006, the Chicago Storm selected Wescott in the fifth round of the 2006 MISL Dispersal Draft, but Wescott chose to retire and did not sign with the Storm.

Coach
Wescott's coaching career began in 1993 when he joined the Clovis Soccer Club, a youth club in Clovis, California.  In 1994, he became the head coach of the Clovis West High School soccer team.  As he moved from team to team as a player, he would move to other clubs and high schools.  In 1997, he was an assistant coach with Smoky Hill High School, his alma mater.  In 1999, he entered the Olympic Development Program as a coach and evaluator, holding that position until 2003.  In 2004, he spent one season as the head coach of the St. Louis Strikers in the fourth division Premier Development League.  He is currently the Coaching Director for youth club Missouri Premier in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

External links
 Missouri Premier

1972 births
Living people
American soccer coaches
American men's soccer players
Colorado Foxes players
D.C. United players
Fresno State Bulldogs men's soccer players
Virginia Beach Mariners players
Hawaii Tsunami players
Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008) players
Major League Soccer players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
Sportspeople from Clovis, California
St. Louis Steamers (1998–2006) players
St. Louis Strikers players
USISL players
Utah Blitzz players
Utah Freezz players
Wichita Wings (NPSL) players
World Indoor Soccer League players
Men's association football midfielders
Soccer players from Colorado

Sterling Wescott


A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.

Thrust geometry and nomenclature

Reverse faults
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less.

If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizontal) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer range) the fault is called an overthrust or overthrust fault. Erosion can remove part of the overlying block, creating a fenster (or window) – when the underlying block is exposed only in a relatively small area. When erosion removes most of the overlying block, leaving island-like remnants resting on the lower block, the remnants are called klippen (singular klippe).

Blind thrust faults

If the fault plane terminates before it reaches the Earth's surface, it is called a blind thrust fault. Because of the lack of surface evidence, blind thrust faults are difficult to detect until rupture. The destructive 1994 earthquake in Northridge, Los Angeles, California, was caused by a previously undiscovered blind thrust fault.

Because of their low dip, thrusts are also difficult to appreciate in mapping, where lithological offsets are generally subtle and stratigraphic repetition is difficult to detect, especially in peneplain areas.

Fault-bend folds
Thrust faults, particularly those involved in thin-skinned style of deformation, have a so-called ramp-flat geometry. Thrusts mainly propagate along zones of weakness within a sedimentary sequence, such as mudstones or halite layers; these parts of the thrust are called decollements. If the effectiveness of the decollement becomes reduced, the thrust will tend to cut up the section to a higher stratigraphic level until it reaches another effective decollement where it can continue as bedding parallel flat. The part of the thrust linking the two flats is known as a ramp and typically forms at an angle of about 15°–30° to the bedding. Continued displacement on a thrust over a ramp produces a characteristic fold geometry known as a ramp anticline or, more generally, as a fault-bend fold.

Fault-propagation folds
Fault-propagation folds form at the tip of a thrust fault where propagation along the decollement has ceased, but displacement on the thrust behind the fault tip continues. The formation of an asymmetric anticline-syncline fold pair accommodates the continuing displacement. As displacement continues, the thrust tip starts to propagate along the axis of the syncline. Such structures are also known as tip-line folds. Eventually, the propagating thrust tip may reach another effective decollement layer, and a composite fold structure will develop with fault-bending and fault-propagation folds' characteristics.

Thrust duplex

Duplexes occur where two decollement levels are close to each other within a sedimentary sequence, such as the top and base of a relatively strong sandstone layer bounded by two relatively weak mudstone layers. When a thrust that has propagated along the lower detachment, known as the floor thrust, cuts up to the upper detachment, known as the roof thrust, it forms a ramp within the stronger layer. With continued displacement on the thrust, higher stresses are developed in the footwall of the ramp due to the bend on the fault. This may cause renewed propagation along the floor thrust until it again cuts up to join the roof thrust. Further displacement then takes place via the newly created ramp. This process may repeat many times, forming a series of fault-bounded thrust slices known as imbricates or horses, each with the geometry of a fault-bend fold of small displacement. The final result is typically a lozenge-shaped duplex.

Most duplexes have only small displacements on the bounding faults between the horses, which dip away from the foreland. Occasionally, the displacement on the individual horses is more significant, such that each horse lies more or less vertically above the other; this is known as an antiformal stack or imbricate stack. If the individual displacements are still greater, the horses have a foreland dip.

Duplexing is a very efficient mechanism of accommodating the shortening of the crust by thickening the section rather than by folding and deformation.

Tectonic environment

Large overthrust faults occur in areas that have undergone great compressional forces.

These conditions exist in the orogenic belts that result from either two continental tectonic collisions or from subduction zone accretion.

The resultant compressional forces produce mountain ranges. The Himalayas, the Alps, and the Appalachians are prominent examples of compressional orogenies with numerous overthrust faults.

Thrust faults occur in the foreland basin, marginal to orogenic belts. Here, compression does not result in appreciable mountain building, which is mostly accommodated by folding and stacking of thrusts. Instead, thrust faults generally cause a thickening of the stratigraphic section. When thrusts are developed in orogens formed in previously rifted margins, inversion of the buried paleo-rifts can induce the nucleation of thrust ramps.

Foreland basin thrusts also usually observe the ramp-flat geometry, with thrusts propagating within units at very low angle "flats" (at 1–5 degrees) and then moving up-section in steeper ramps (at 5–20 degrees) where they offset stratigraphic units. Thrusts have also been detected in cratonic settings, where "far-foreland" deformation has advanced into intracontinental areas.

Thrusts and duplexes are also found in accretionary wedges in the ocean trench margin of subduction zones, where oceanic sediments are scraped off the subducted plate and accumulate. Here, the accretionary wedge must thicken by up to 200%, and this is achieved by stacking thrust fault upon thrust fault in a melange of disrupted rock, often with chaotic folding. Here, ramp flat geometries are not usually observed because the compressional force is at a steep angle to the sedimentary layering.

History
Thrust faults were unrecognised until the work of Arnold Escher von der Linth, Albert Heim and Marcel Alexandre Bertrand in the Alps working on the Glarus Thrust; Charles Lapworth, Ben Peach and John Horne working on parts of the Moine Thrust Scotland; Alfred Elis Törnebohm in the Scandinavian Caledonides and R. G. McConnell in the Canadian Rockies.  The realisation that older strata could, via faulting, be found above younger strata was arrived at more or less independently by geologists in all these areas during the 1880s. Geikie in 1884 coined the term thrust-plane to describe this special set of faults. He wrote:
By a system of reversed faults, a group of strata is made to cover a great breadth of ground and actually to overlie higher members of the same series. The most extraordinary dislocations, however, are those to which for distinction we have given the name of Thrust-planes. They are strictly reversed faults, but with so low a hade that the rocks on their upthrown side have been, as it were, pushed horizontally forward.

References

External links
Appalachian folding, thrusting and duplexing
Rob Butler's webpage on thrusts

Plate tectonics
Structural geology
Seismology

Thrust fault


Augustus Gabriel de Vivier Tassin (1842–1893) was a French-born American soldier who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war he occupied a variety of posts in the American West. He made notable contributions in writing descriptive accounts of several Native American groups.

Life and career

Tassin was born in Paris on October 12, 1842, but immigrated to the United States at New Orleans, Louisiana, on October 25, 1852. When the Civil War broke out, he was living in Leopold, Indiana. He enlisted as a first  lieutenant in the 35th Indiana Infantry Regiment on September 15, 1861. During the war he rose to the rank of full colonel, with distinguished service in the Battle of Missionary Ridge in Tennessee and the campaigns for Atlanta and Nashville. In December 1870, he voluntarily left the American army in order to serve with the French military during the Franco-Prussian War. When he returned, Tassin reenlisted, rising from the rank of private to second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and captain. He was assigned to various military posts in California, Arizona Territory, and the Dakotas, as well as in New York, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. He was the Indian agent at the Colorado River Indian Agency in Parker, Arizona, when he died on October 19, 1893.

Writings

Tassin wrote descriptive and sometimes literary or whimsical accounts based on his army experiences in the American West. Most of these accounts were published as articles in the periodical Overland Monthly. They included discussions of the Koncow (Maidu) Indians of northeastern California, the Round Valley Indians of northwestern California, the Mohave on the lower Colorado River, native groups in the Pacific Northwest, and the Apache.

References

1842 births
1893 deaths
Writers from Paris
French emigrants to the United States
Union Army colonels
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
American writers
United States Indian agents
United States Army officers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

Augustus Gabriel de Vivier Tassin


Anders Banke (born 2 August 1969) is a Swedish director. He was born and raised in Ystad and developed an early interest in film. He was trained as a director at VGIK in Moscow and learned to speak Russian. There he met his friend and future collaborator Chris Maris. In 1998 he came across a horror comedy script written by Daniel Ojanlatva about a town north of the Arctic Circle being terrorized by vampires. Banke loved the idea and spent several years developing it with Ojanlatva. Since the Swedish Film Institute doesn't often approve of horror films or genre movies in general, Banke had a hard time pulling the film off. In the end, got funding from the Swedish Film Institute needed to attract other producers to the project in 2004 and production could begin. The film was Sweden's first vampire film.

The film did not hit at the box office as he thought it would, but became by far the most popular Swedish film that year, being sold to over 40 countries, which is far above the average of Swedish films. The success was especially big in Russia where it reached cult status and became the most profitable independent film of that year in Russia. The success led to Banke being offered the job of directing a remake of the Hong Kong film Breaking News, Gorjacije novosti or Newsmakers.

Anders Banke will direct a new Swedish horror comedy written by Daniel Ojanlatva called Ond Bråd Sommar. According to the writer of the movie the film will be filmed in 2012 or 2013.

Banke will direct a 16-part black comedy-horror TV-series called Chernobyl for Russian National TV channel TNT. Shooting starts summer 2012.

Works
 Frostbite (2006)
 Newsmakers (2009)
 Chernobyl: Zone of Exclusion (2014)
 Warg (2016)
 Enemy lines (2020)

References

External links
 Item - Anders Banke
 Anders Banke - IMDb

1969 births
Living people
Swedish film directors
German-language film directors

Anders Banke


Baffin Bay (,) is a marginal sea of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is between Baffin Island and the southwest coast of Greenland.  It connects to the Atlantic by Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea. A narrower Nares Strait connects Baffin Bay with the Arctic Ocean.

People lived in the bay area from around 500 BC. First there were the Dorset and then Thule and Inuit people. It was reached by Europeans in 1585.  William Baffin described the bay in detail in 1616. He is who the bay and the island are named after. People cannot travel on the bay most of the year because of the ice cover and large amount of floating ice and icebergs in the open areas.

Baffin Bay was the epicenter of a 7.3 magnitude earthquake in 1933. This is the largest known earthquake north of the Arctic Circle.

Wildlife

The North Water provides air to ice algae and zooplankton.  There are many animals. Of about 20,000 Beluga whales living in the Baffin Bay, some 15,000 are around the North Water. Other animals of the region include walrus, narwhal, Harp Seal, bearded seal, ringed seal and polar bear.

There are about 400 plant and tree species on the bay shores, including birch, willow, alder and plants adapted to salty soils, as well as lyme grass, mosses, and lichens. These serve as food for caribou and rodents, such as lemming. Resident fish species include polar cod, Arctic flounder (Pleuronectidae, Liopsetta), four-horned sculpin and capelin. The birds of the bay are the Little Auk, Snowy Owl, Willow Ptarmigan, Rock Ptarmigan, Gyrfalcon, Arctic Redpoll and guillemots. Most of them migrate to the south during the winter.

References

Bays of Canada
Atlantic Ocean
Nunavut
Geography of Greenland

Baffin Bay


Augusto Cury (born October 2, 1958) is a Brazilian physician, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and writer. He developed the Multifocal Theory, about the functioning of the mind and the construction process of thought. His books have sold over 30 million copies in his country and is Brazil's most read author.

He is a researcher in the field of quality of life and development of intelligence, addressing the nature, construction and dynamics of emotion and thoughts. He develops researches in Spain in Educational Sciences in the area of quality of life. Published in more than 40 countries, Cury lectured at the BYU University's 13th International Conference on Intolerance and Discrimination, in the US. He's doctor honoris causa by UNIFIL (Centro Universitário Filadélfia in Londrina), and member of honor of the Academy of Gifted People of the Intelligence Institute, in the city of Porto, Portugal.
In March 2008, was created the Augusto Cury's Study Centre (Centro de Estudos Augusto Cury, in Portuguese), in Portugal, integrated in the Intelligence Institute from that country.

Biography
He was born in Colina, São Paulo, on October 2, 1958. He graduated in medicine from the Faculty of São José do Rio Preto and devoted himself to research the dynamics of emotion.

His books in the field of psychology have sold more than 25 million copies in Brazil alone, having been published in more than 70 countries. Cury was considered the most read Brazilian author of the decade by the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper.

Theory of Multifocal Intelligence
As a researcher in the area of quality of life and development of intelligence, Cury developed researches unrelated to universities focused on the theory of Multifocal Intelligence. The theory aims to explain the functioning of the human mind and the ways to exercise more dominion over our life through intelligence and thought.

He published "Multifocal Intelligence" in 1999, where he presents more than 30 essential elements for the formation of human intelligence, such as the process of interpretation and the vital flow of psychic energy

Bibliography
(Some of the titles here were translated literally and aren't necessarily with their titles of their English versions)

 Inteligência Multifocal (Multifocal Intelligence) - April 16, 1999
 A Pior Prisão do Mundo (The Worst Prison of The World) - 2000
 Escola da Vida: Harry Potter no Mundo Real (Life's School: Harry Potter in The Real World) - January 1, 2002
 Você é Insubstituível (You Are Irreplaceable) - April 22, 2002
 Revolucione Sua Qualidade de Vida (Revolutionize Your Life Quality) - November 8, 2002
 Dez Leis para Ser Feliz (Ten Laws to be Happy) - February 2003
 Pais Brilhantes, Professores Fascinantes (Brilliant Parents, Fascinating Teachers) - September 2003
 Seja Líder de Si Mesmo (Be Your Own Leader) - October 2004
 Nunca Desista de Seus Sonhos (Never Give Up Your Dreams) - December 2004
A Ditadura da Beleza e a Revolução das Mulheres (The Dictatorship of Beauty and The Revolution of Women) - February 2005
 O Futuro da Humanidade (The future of The Humanity) - March 2005
 Collection Análise da Inteligência de Cristo (Analysis of Christ's Intelligence) - March 2006
O Mestre dos Mestres  (The Master of The Masters) vol. 1
O Mestre da Sensibilidade (The Master of Sensibility) vol. 2
O Mestre da Vida (The Master of Life) vol. 3
O Mestre do Amor  (The Master of Love) vol. 4
O Mestre Inesquecível (The Unforgettable Master) vol. 5
 Superando o Cárcere da Emoção (Overcoming The Prison of the Emotion) - December 2006
 Doze Semanas para Mudar uma Vida (Twelve Weeks to Change Your Life) - January 2007
 Os Segredos do Pai-Nosso (The Secrets of The Our Father) - February 2007
 Maria, a maior educadora da História (Mary, The Greatest Educator of History) - May 2007
 A Sabedoria Nossa de Cada Dia: Os Segredos do Pai-Nosso 2  (Our Daily Wisdom: The Secrets of Our Father 2) - May 2007
 Filhos Brilhantes, Alunos Fascinantes (Brilliant Sons, Fascinating Students) - September 2007
 Treinando a emoção para ser feliz (Training The Emotion to be Happy) - December 2007
 O Código da Inteligência (The Intelligence Code) - May 2008
 The Dreamseller Saga:
 O Vendedor de Sonhos: O Chamado (The Dreams Seller: the Calling) - December 2008
 O Vendedor de Sonhos e a Revolução dos Anônimos (The Dreams Seller: The Anonymous Revolution) - January 2009
 O vendedor de Sonhos: O Semeador de Ideias (The Dreamseller: Sower of Ideas) - 2009
 De Gênio e Louco todo Mundo tem um Pouco (Every Man Has a Genius in His Sleeve) - November 2009
 O Código Da Inteligência. Guia De Estudo (The Intelligence Code. Study Guide) - January 2009
 Mentes Brilhantes, Mentes Treinadas (Brilliant Minds, Trained Minds) - July 2010
 A fascinante construção do Eu (The Fascinating Construction of The Myself) - November 2010
 O Código da Inteligência E A Excelência Emocional (The Intelligence Code And The Emotional Excellence) - January 2011
 Mulheres Inteligentes, Relações Saudáveis (Intelligent Women, Healthfull Relations) - 2011
 O Colecionador de Lágrimas - Holocausto Nunca Mais (The Tears Colector: Holocaust No More) - 2012
 Manual para jovens estressados, mas muito inteligentes! (Manual to Stressed Young People, But Very Clever!) - 2012
 Armadilhas da mente (Mind's Traps) - September 2013
 Em busca do sentido da vida (Looking for the Sense of Life) - October 2013
 Ansiedade: Como Encarar o Mal do Século (Anxiety: How to Face The Evil of The Century) - December 2013
 Proteja sua emoção - Aprenda a ter a mente livre e saudável (Protect Your Happiness - Learn How to have a Free and Healthfull Mind) - 2014
 Controle o estresse - Saiba como encontrar equilíbrio (Control Your Stress - Know How to Have Balance) - 2014
 Vá mais longe - Treine sua memória e sua inteligência (Go Beyond - Train Your Memory And Your Intelligence) - 2014
 Sonhos e disciplina - Transforme seus projetos em realidade (Dreams and Discipline - Turn Your Projects in Reality) - 2014
 Pais Inteligentes formam sucessores, não herdeiros (Intelligent Parents Form Successors, Not Heirs) -  April 2014
 Bíblia King James Atualizada Freemind (King James Bible Freemind Atualized) - June 2014
 Felicidade roubada (Happiness Stolen) - 2014
 As Regras de Ouro dos Casais Saudáveis (The Golden Rules of The Healthfull Couples) - 2014
 Petrus Logus - O Guardião do Tempo (Petrus Logus - The Time Guardian) - October 2014
 Superação - Seja forte e resiliente e vença as dificuldades (Overcoming - Be Strong and Resilient and Win Your Difficulties) - 2015
 Autocontrole - Vença os fantasmas da emoção (Self Control - Overcome the Emotion's Ghost) - 2015
 Lidere sua mente - Seja autor(a) da própria história (Lead Your Mind - Be The Author of your Own History) - 2015
 Pais e filhos - Sem diálogo, as famílias morrem (Parents and Sons - Without Dialogue, The Families Die) - 2015
 Bons Profissionais e Excelentes Profissionais (Good Professionals and Excellent Professionals) - April de 2015
 Como Administrar Seu Intelecto (How to Administer Your Intellect) - April de 2015
 As Quatro Armadilhas da Mente e a Inteligência Multifocal (The Four Traps of The Mind and The Multifocal intelligence) - April de 2015
 Antiestresse Para Todos - Controlando A Ansiedade, Colorindo A Vida (Anti-Stress For Everyone - Controlling the Anxiety, Coloring the Life) - 2015
 Gestão da Emoção (Emotion's Management) - 2015
 Do Zero ao Gênio (From Zero to Genius) - December 2015
 O Médico da Humanidade  e A Cura da Corrupção (The Doctor of Humanity and the Cure for Corruption) - 2015
 Ansiedade - Como Enfrentar o Mal do Século Para Filhos e Alunos (Anxiety - How to Face The Century Evil, For Sons and Students) - 2015
 Ansiedade 2 - Autocontrole - Como Controlar o Estresse e Manter o Equilíbrio (Anxienty 2 - Selfcontrol - How to Control Stress and Keep The Balance) - 2016
 O Funcionamento da Mente (The operation of Mind) - 2016
 Ciúmes -  O medo da perda acelera a perda (Jealously - the Fear of Loss Accelerate The Loss) - 2016
 Petrus Logus - Os Inimigos da Humanidade (Petrus Logus - the Humanity's Enemies) - August 2016
 O homem mais inteligente da história (The Most Intelligent Man of History) - (latest) 2016

References

External links

 Article from the Brazilian magazine 'Veja' about Augusto Cury
 Cury's Official Portuguese website
 CEAC Brasil (Centro de Estudos Augusto Cury – Brasilian Official Website)
 Simon and Schuster – US

1958 births
Living people
People from Colina, São Paulo
Brazilian people of Lebanese descent
Brazilian male writers
Brazilian fantasy writers
Portuguese-language writers

Augusto Cury