William Hooper (June 28, 1742  October 14, 1790) was an American Founding Father, lawyer, and politician. As a member of the Continental Congress representing North Carolina,  Hooper signed the Continental Association and the Declaration of Independence.

Early life

Hooper was the first child of five, born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 28, 1742. His father, William Hooper, was a Scottish minister who studied at the University of Edinburgh prior to immigrating to Boston. His mother, Mary Dennie, was the daughter of John Dennie, a well-respected merchant from Massachusetts. Hooper's father had hoped that William would follow in his footsteps as an Episcopal priest and placed his son at the age of seven in Boston Latin School headed by Mr. John Lovell, a highly distinguished educator. In 1757, at age 16, Hooper entered Harvard University where he was highly regarded as an industrious student. In 1760, Hooper graduated from Harvard with honors, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts. However, after graduating, Hooper did not wish to pursue a career in the clergy as his father had hoped. Instead, he decided on a career in law, studying under James Otis, a popular Boston attorney  who was regarded as a radical. Hooper studied under Otis until 1764 and once completing his bar exam decided to leave Massachusetts in part because of the city's abundance of attorneys.

Life in North Carolina
In 1764, Hooper moved temporarily to Wilmington, North Carolina, where he began to practice law and became the circuit court lawyer for Cape Fear. Hooper began to build a highly respected reputation in North Carolina among the wealthy farmers as well as fellow lawyers. Hooper increased his influence by representing the colonial government in several court cases. In 1767, Hooper married Anne Clark, the daughter of a wealthy early settler to the region and sheriff of New Hanover County. They had three children: William (b. 1768), Elizabeth (b. 1770), and Thomas (b. 1772). Hooper moved quickly up the ranks, first in 1769 when he was appointed as deputy attorney of the Salisbury District, and then in 1770 when he was appointed deputy Attorney General of North Carolina.

Initially, Hooper supported the British colonial government of North Carolina. As deputy attorney general, in 1768 Hooper worked with Colonial Governor William Tryon to suppress a rebellious group known as the Regulators who participated in the War of the Regulation. The Regulators had been operating in North Carolina for some time, and in 1770 it was reported that the group dragged Hooper through the streets in Hillsborough during a riot. Hooper advised that Governor Tryon use as much force as was necessary to stamp out the rebels and even accompanied the troops at the Battle of Alamance in 1771. He served in the Province of North Carolina House of Burgesses in 1775.

American Revolution involvement

Hooper's support of the colonial governments began to erode, causing problems for him because of his past support of Governor Tryon. Hooper had been labeled a Loyalist and therefore he was not immediately accepted by Patriots. Hooper eventually was elected to the North Carolina General Assembly in 1773, where he became an opponent to colonial attempts to pass laws that would regulate the provincial courts. This in turn helped to sour his reputation among Loyalists. Hooper recognized that independence was likely to occur and mentioned this in a letter to his friend James Iredell, saying that the colonies were "striding fast to independence, and ere long will build an empire upon the ruins of Great Britain."

During his time in the assembly Hooper slowly became a supporter of the American Revolution and independence. After the governor disbanded the assembly, Hooper helped to organize a new colonial assembly. Hooper was also appointed to the Committee of Correspondence and Inquiry. In 1774, Hooper was appointed a delegate to the First Continental Congress, where he served on numerous committees. Hooper was again elected to the Second Continental Congress, but much of his time was split between the congress and work in North Carolina, where he was assisting in forming a new government. This caused him to miss the vote approving the Declaration of Independence; however, he arrived in time to sign it on August 2, 1776.

In 1777, because of continued financial concerns, Hooper resigned from Congress and returned to North Carolina to resume his law career. Throughout the Revolution the British attempted to capture Hooper, and with his country home in Finian vulnerable to British attacks, Hooper moved his family to Wilmington. In 1781, the British captured Wilmington, to where Cornwallis and his forces fell back after the Battle of Guilford Court House, and Hooper found himself separated from his family. In addition, the British burned his estates in both Finian and Wilmington, so Hooper was forced to rely on friends for food and shelter during this time, as well as nursing him back to health when he contracted malaria. Finally, after nearly a year of separation, Hooper was reunited with his family, and they settled in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where Hooper continued to work for the North Carolina assembly until 1783.

Post-Revolution years
After the Revolution Hooper returned to his career in law, but he lost favor with the public because of his political stance. Hooper fell in line with the Federalist Party because of his influential connections, his mistrust of the lower class, and his widely criticized soft dealings with Loyalists, toward whom he was generally forgiving. This kind and fair treatment made some even label him a Loyalist. Hooper was again called to public service in 1786, when he was appointed a federal judge in a border dispute between New York and Massachusetts, though the case was settled out of court. In 1787 and 1788, Hooper campaigned heavily for North Carolina to ratify the new United States Constitution, but by this time Hooper had become quite ill, and he died on October 14, 1790, at the age of 48. He was laid to rest in the Presbyterian Churchyard in Hillsborough, North Carolina. His remains were later reinterred at Guilford Courthouse National Military Park.

His home at Hillsborough, the Nash-Hooper House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.   It is located in the Hillsborough Historic District.

See also
 Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

References

Further reading
 Broadwater, Jeff and Troy L. Kickler (eds.), North Carolina's Revolutionary Founders. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.
 Fradin, Denis Brindell.  The Signers: The 56 Stories Behind the Declaration of Independence.  New York: Walker and Company, 2002.
  Goodwin, A.C. "Brief Biography and Genealogy of William Hooper."  Ancestry.com (2 December 1998). Accessed April 13, 2008.
 Lossing, B.J. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Aledo, Tex.: WallBuilders Press, 2007.
 Lowry, Harold D. "William Hooper."  Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. 2006.  Accessed April 13, 2008.
 Snell, Charles W. Signers of the Declaration of Independence: Biographical Sketches. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 4 July 2004.  Accessed April 13, 2008.
 Wood, Gordon S. The American Revolution: A History.  New York: Modern Library, 2002.

External links
 North Carolina History Project
 National Park Service Biographical Sketches
 Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
 Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence

1742 births
1790 deaths
Politicians from Boston
American Episcopalians
American people of Scottish descent
American slave owners
North Carolina Federalists
People from Hillsborough, North Carolina
Continental Congressmen from North Carolina
18th-century American politicians
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence
Harvard University alumni
Lawyers from Boston
Neo-Latin poets
Members of the North Carolina Provincial Congresses
Members of the North Carolina House of Burgesses
Signers of the Continental Association
Founding Fathers of the United States

William Hooper


Chef salad (sometimes called chef's salad) is a type of salad. It usually includes a bed of leaf vegetables or lettuce, which can be served with hard boiled eggs, strips of meat (such as ham, roast beef, or turkey), cheese, cucumbers, croutons, and tomatoes. Chef salad is usually topped with Thousand Island dressing, but can be served with any type of dressing.

Salads

Chef salad


John Henry Mary Wigman (August 15, 1835 – January 31, 1920) was mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Biography
Wigman was born on August 15, 1835, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He moved to the United States with his brother when he was thirteen years old. They settled in Little Chute, Wisconsin, before moving to Bay Settlement, Wisconsin. Wigman married Matilda Lyannoise in 1856 and the couple moved to Appleton, Wisconsin. They would have seven children. After Matilda's passing, he married Jennie Meagher. Wigman moved to Green Bay in 1870. He died from diabetes mellitus on January 31, 1920.

Career
Wigman was a lawyer, practicing law in Appleton and Green Bay. He served as mayor in 1882. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin from 1893-1897.

External links
 Biography

References

Dutch emigrants to the United States
Politicians from Appleton, Wisconsin
Mayors of Green Bay, Wisconsin
Wisconsin lawyers
1835 births
1920 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
People from Little Chute, Wisconsin
19th-century American lawyers

J. H. M. Wigman


Green Business Certification Inc. (GBCI) is an American organization that provides third-party credentialing and verification for several rating systems relating to the built environment.  It was established as the Green Building Certification Institute in January 2008 with the support of the U.S. Green Building Council  to provide independent oversight of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) project certification and professional credentialing processes. The organization's current name was adopted on 16 April 2015 after the organization starts to provide third-party certification for the International WELL Building Institute's evidence-based building standard WELL Building Standard on 4 April 2014, the Perfect Power Institute's PEER standard, and the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark.

LEED Professional Credentials
The suite of LEED professional credentials was designed to denote leadership in green building and to distinguish building professionals with the knowledge and skills to successfully steward the LEED certification process. Credentialing exams and designations administered by GBCI include the LEED Green Associate, LEED AP with specialty, and LEED Fellow, as well as the LEED for Homes Green Rater and Green Classroom Professional certificates. The LEED professional credential exams are ANSI 17024 accredited.

LEED Project Certification
GBCI administers the LEED certification program, performing third-party technical reviews and verification of LEED-registered projects to determine if they have met the standards set forth by the LEED rating system. As of April 2013, the total footprint of LEED-certified projects is nearly 3 billion square feet, and nearly eight billion additional square feet are registered with GBCI for LEED certification.

See also
LEED
U.S. Green Building Council
LEED Accredited Professional Exam
sustainable architecture
Energy conservation
Environmental design
Renewable energy
Zero energy building
Permaculture
Ecological footprint

References
Notes

External links
Green Certification Bayaweaver
GBCI official website
USGBC official website
FTC Green Guides

Sustainable building in the United States
Organizations established in 2008

Green Business Certification Inc.


Crackdown 3 is an action-adventure video game developed by Sumo Digital and published by Microsoft Studios for Windows and Xbox One. It continues the series nearly nine years after the release of 2010's Xbox 360 video game Crackdown 2. Originally set to be released in 2016, the game was delayed a number of times. The game was released on 15 February 2019 and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the return of its core features from its predecessors and level of enjoyment, but was also criticized for a lack of innovation and dated design.

Gameplay
Crackdown 3 retains the core gameplay of Crackdown and Crackdown 2, featuring a number of different organizations controlling the city of New Providence that players need to take down by killing their bosses and Kingpins, destroying their facilities, and destabilizing their infrastructures. Players can use a variety of weapons to achieve this end, from guns to grenades to rocket launchers, as well as their own physical power. Players can also drive any vehicle found in-game. Picking up a new weapon or driving a new vehicle for the first time will add it to the player's collection at any supply point. The game features the "Skills for Kills" system as found in previous games, in which killing enemies with different tools and finding pickups hidden throughout the city award the player with orbs, which increase the player's core skills – agility, firearms, strength, explosives, and driving. Each time a skill levels up, the player unlocks an additional maneuver or item related to that skill, such as ground-pounding by leveling up strength, or double-jumping by leveling up agility. Agility Orbs, Rooftop Races, Driving Rings, and Road Races are also located throughout the city, all of which will increase the related skill upon collection or completion; Hidden Orbs can be found as well, and will increase all of the player's skills at once.

Different activities are connected to different bosses and underbosses; completing these activities, such as destroying vehicle lockups, liberating monorail stations, and destroying machinery, allows the player to acquire more intel on each boss, and the boss location is revealed on the map once enough intel has been collected. The boss of each branch of TerraNova controls a certain element of defense for the final boss, and killing each of them weakens an aspect of the final boss's fortress. However, causing a certain level of chaos towards one branch of the organization will send more and more reinforcements from that branch as the player's heat level increases, and being at the highest level for too long can result in a city-wide lockdown, forcing the player to kill a certain number of reinforcements to lift it and access their supply points again.

Crackdown 3 features cooperative play in both campaign mode and Keys to the City mode, which allows free roam throughout New Providence.

Crackdown 3: Wrecking Zone
Another new element to the series is the inclusion of destructible environments in a competitive multiplayer mode, Wrecking Zone, in which nearly the entire map is destructible. However, the mode was quickly abandoned. Wrecking Zone has since been described as "dead".

Plot
Ten years after the events of Crackdown 2, a massive terrorist attack from an unknown source cuts electrical power around the entire world. The Agency is thrust back into action after the attack is traced to the city of New Providence, controlled by the mysterious but sinister corporation TerraNova, led by Elizabeth Niemand; New Providence is the only city that still has power. The player characters - super-powered Agents - are called into the field by Agency Director Charles Goodwin (Michael McConnohie) and led by Commander Isaiah Jaxon (Terry Crews) to drop into New Providence and dismantle Terra Nova any way they can. As Jaxon briefs the agents of their mission, their drop ship is attacked by TerraNova, resulting in the deaths of everyone on board.

Echo, a member of the New Providence rebel group known as the Militia, recovers the remains of one of the agents and regenerates them. Heavily outnumbered by TerraNova's forces, Echo enlists the agent's help in fighting back by dismantling TerraNova's infrastructure - Logistics, Science, and Enforcement. As the agent fights TerraNova, they discover that the Science branch of TerraNova has been mining a mysterious green mineral called Chimera, which Goodwin deduces is responsible for the power outage - Chimera reportedly consumes electrical power. The agent also investigates the mysterious disappearance of many New Providence citizens, discovering they have been kidnapped by TerraNova in an attempt to brainwash and create an army of genetically enhanced super-soldiers. Audio logs found throughout the game allow the agent to learn the existence of an anonymous client who reportedly paid TerraNova to perform there

Eventually, the agent assaults Elizabeth Niemand's tower and ascends to the top, where they confront Niemand, who is piloting a massive Chimera-powered dragon mech; Neimand states her desire to use the Vitalis project to make herself immortal. The agent destroys the dragon mech, killing Niemand. In the aftermath, Goodwin offers Echo a position at the Agency, which she accepts. An agent's severed arm suspended in a Vitalis tank is then seen as the voice of the anonymous client addresses the agent, stating that the Agent is the end of the evolution of Chimera.

Development
Crackdown 3 was announced at Microsoft's press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014 in June 2014, as an Xbox One exclusive. While the game was still at an early stage at the time of its reveal, Microsoft's Phil Spencer said that the title came about from talks with Dave Jones who, after leaving Realtime Worlds, joined Cloudgine, a software company that is developing technology allowing game developers to take advantage of cloud computing features. Cloudgine had been previously rumored to be a core part of the Xbox One software, with their software used in a technology demonstration at a Microsoft developer's conference in April 2014, demonstrating the use of cloud computing to speed up the physics modeling and rendering in a fully destructible city environment. Spencer revealed that the demo world was the start of this newest Crackdown title, with ability to destroy any part of the city expected to be carried over to the final game. According to Spencer, Cloudgine would help to develop the core engine, while Reagent Games, a studio located in close proximity to Cloudgine also founded by Jones, would develop the gameplay and art assets for the game, with Sumo Digital developing the game's campaign mode and Crackdown 2 developers Ruffian Games (credited as "Elbow Rocket") developing the multiplayer. Microsoft Studios' creative director Ken Lobb asserted that the game would only be called Crackdown instead of Crackdown 3, stating that the game is set in the future of the first game but represents an alternate timeline from what Crackdown 2 provided.

The game was officially revealed as Crackdown 3 during Microsoft's Gamescom 2015 press conference on 4 August 2015. The focus on cloud-powered real time destruction was first demonstrated there, and Jones stated that Microsoft's cloud computing technology provides twenty times more power than playing the game on a single Xbox One console. Because of the game's reliance to Microsoft Azure for destruction engine, the full scale destruction will only be available in the game's online multiplayer modes, while campaign mode, regardless of number of players, will only have access to limited degree of destruction.

In January 2018, Epic Games acquired Cloudgine, and with that, Jones left Reagent to join Epic Games. Polygon reported at the same time that several Reagent programmers also left to go to Epic. During an interview at E3 2018, Microsoft Studio's Matt Booty stated that Sumo Digital was now the principal developer on Crackdown 3. Jones confirmed that in terms of development, Sumo Digital had always been the principal developer for the game; Cloudgine was there to help support cloud computing, with Reagent established as a consulting firm to allow Jones to help Sumo determine the direction to take Crackdown 3. Jones did not believe there was any stumbling blocks due with Cloudgine, Reagent, or himself leaving the development at that point, since they had done what they had needed for cloud computing support, and considered that now, "it's just the technology stack, it's pretty straightforward" for Sumo to complete. Despite their departures during development, both Cloudgine and Reagent were still credited in the game's packaging and on the end credits.

The game uses Unreal Engine 4 and features a Dolby Atmos soundtrack.

Delays
Crackdown 3 was set to be released worldwide in 2016, which was changed to 7 November 2017 simultaneously with the Xbox One X, but another delay was announced on 16 August 2017, moving the release back to an unspecified Q2/Q3 2018 date. In June 2018, the game was confirmed to be delayed again, pushing back to February 2019.

Reception

Crackdown 3 received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

IGN noted the lack of innovation stating, "Crackdown 3 delivers on what made the original an enjoyable game, but never much more." Destructoid was also disappointed with the evolution of the series and wrote, "Crackdown 3 is a good Crackdown game, which, unfortunately, doesn't mean much anymore. Modern game design has surpassed the Crackdown model by leaps and bounds". EGMNow wrote of the game, "It's a blast when you just feel like zoning out, hunting orbs, jumping across rooftops, and blowing up bad guys" and closed by saying, "It's good, solid fun, but it's not going to completely revolutionize the industry."

PC Gamer wrote, "Crackdown 3 comes along 12 years after Crackdown but without 12 years' worth of new ideas to share" and finished by saying, "It's an OK game that could've been exciting a decade ago." The Verge referred to Crackdown 3 as "the Netflix Original of games", by stating: "You know when there's a show you really like, but then it dips in quality and eventually gets canceled, and the creators say they want to make a new season someday or maybe a remake, but it's stuck in production hell for several years, then Netflix or whoever sinks a bunch of money into it, and it eventually gets released and it's not quite as good as you remember the original, but it's still pretty entertaining and hey, you're paying for Netflix anyway so you're not going to complain about getting it for 'free?' That's Crackdown 3. It is video game as Netflix Original."

Notes

References

External links

 Crackdown 3 at MobyGames.com

Action-adventure games
Crackdown
Dystopian video games
Microsoft games
Open-world video games
Third-person shooters
Unreal Engine games
2019 video games
Organized crime video games
Video game sequels
Video games about police officers
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games featuring black protagonists
Windows games
Xbox Cloud Gaming games
Xbox One games
Xbox One X enhanced games
Xbox Play Anywhere games
Sumo Digital games
Multiplayer and single-player video games

Crackdown 3


The Stipa-Caproni, also known as the Caproni Stipa, was an experimental Italian aircraft designed in 1932 by Luigi Stipa (1900–1992) and built by Caproni. It featured a hollow, barrel-shaped fuselage with the engine and propeller completely enclosed by the fuselage—in essence, the whole fuselage was a single ducted fan. Although the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) was not interested in pursuing development of the Stipa-Caproni, its design influenced the development of jet propulsion.

Stipa's design
 Stipa's basic idea, which he called the "intubed propeller", was to mount the engine and propeller inside a fuselage that itself formed a tapered duct, or venturi tube, and compressed the propeller's airflow and the engine exhaust before it exited the duct at the trailing edge of the aircraft, essentially applying Bernoulli's principle of fluid movements to make the aircraft's propeller more efficient. This is a similar principle as is used in turbofan engines but used a piston engine to drive the compressor/propeller rather than a gas turbine. Stipa later became convinced that German rocket and jet technology (especially the V-1 flying bomb) was using his patented invention without giving proper credit, although his ducted fan design had little mechanically in common with turbojet engines and nothing at all with the pulsejet used on the V-1.

Stipa spent years studying the idea mathematically while working in the Engineering Division of the Italian Ministry of Air Force, eventually determining that the venturi tube's inner surface needed to be shaped like an airfoil in order to achieve the greatest efficiency. He also determined the optimum shape of the propeller, the most efficient distance between the leading edge of the tube and the propeller, and the best rate of revolution of the propeller. Finally, he petitioned the Italian Fascist government to produce a prototype aircraft. The government, seeking to showcase Italian technological achievementparticularly in aviationcontracted the Caproni company to construct the aircraft in 1932.

The resultant aircraft was a mid-wing monoplane of mostly wooden construction dubbed the Stipa-Caproni or Caproni Stipa. The fuselage was a barrel-like tube, short and fat, open at both ends to form the tapered duct, with twin open cockpits in tandem mounted in a hump on top of it. The wings were elliptical and passed through the duct and the engine nacelle inside it. The duct itself had a profile similar to that of the airfoils, and a fairly small rudder and elevators were mounted on the trailing edge of the duct, allowing the ducted propeller wash to flow directly over them as it exited the fuselage to improve handling. The propeller was mounted inside the fuselage tube, flush with the leading edge of the fuselage, and the  de Havilland Gipsy III engine that powered it was mounted within the duct behind it at the midpoint of the fuselage. The aircraft had low, fixed, spatted main landing gear and a tailwheel. It was painted in a blue-and-cream scheme of the type used on racing aircraft of the day, and its rudder bore the colours of the Italian flag.

Test flights

The Stipa-Caproni first flew on  with Caproni company test pilot  at the controls. Initial testing showed that the intubed propeller design did increase the engine's efficiency as Stipa had calculated, and the additional lift provided by the airfoil shape of the interior of the duct itself allowed a very low landing speed of only  and assisted the Stipa-Caproni in achieving a higher rate of climb than other aircraft with similar power and wing loading. The placement of the rudder and elevators in the exhaust from the propeller wash at the trailing edge of the tube gave the aircraft handling characteristics that made it very stable in flight, although they later were enlarged to further improve the plane's handling characteristics. The Stipa-Caproni proved to be noticeably quieter than conventional aircraft of the time. Unfortunately, the intubed propeller design also induced so much aerodynamic drag that the benefits in engine efficiency were cancelled out, and the aircraft's top speed proved to be only .

When Caproni had completed initial testing, the  took control of the plane and transferred it to  for a brief series of further test flights. All test pilots reported that the plane was extremely stable in flight, to the point where it was difficult to change course; test pilots were also astounded by the very low landing speed and the consequent very short landing run.

As the plane did not perform noticeably better than conventional aircraft designs, the  decided to cancel further development. No further prototypes were built.

Influence
Stipa himself never had intended his intubed propeller to be employed on single-engine aircraft like the Caproni-Stipawhich he viewed merely as a testbedinstead envisioning its use in large, multi-engine flying wing aircraft he had been designing in which the aerodynamic drag properties would not be significant, and the Italian government publicized the Stipa-Caproni's design as an example of Italian aviation technology prowess. None of Stipa's flying-wing aircraft designs were built, but experiences collected with the Stipa-Caproni did become an important influence in the development of the motorjet-powered Caproni Campini N.1.

The test flights of the Stipa-Caproni also sparked much academic interest, and resulted in Stipa's work being studied in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, and by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in the United States. France designedbut never constructedan advanced night bomber based on a Luigi Stipa design in the mid-1930s, and various aircraft designs such as the German Heinkel "T" fighter of 1940 are thought to have incorporated some of Stipa's ideas as demonstrated by the Stipa-Caproni.

The Kort nozzle ducted fan of todaydesigned in Germany in 1934uses many of Stipa's principles. The modern turbofan engine is thought by some aviation historians to be a descendant of the intubed propeller demonstrated in the Stipa-Caproni.

Replica
In Australia, Lynette Zuccoli and Aerotec Queensland designed a 3/5-scale replica of the Stipa-Caproni, accurate even in terms of paint scheme and markings, powered by an Italian Simonini racing engine. They built it in 1998 and, in October 2001, succeeded in making two directional test flights with it with Bryce Wolff at the controls. Each flight covered about  and reached an altitude of approximately , with Wolff reporting that the replica was very stable in flight and performed much as the Italian test pilots reported that the original aircraft had 69 years to the month earlier. The replica may never have flown again and is now on static display at Toowoomba City Aerodrome in Australia.

Operators

Regia Aeronautica

Specifications (original Stipa-Caproni)

References

Further reading

External links

Anonymous, "The Caproni Flying Barrel", Flying Magazine, April 1933, p. 231.
Video "1933 Voli sperimentali aeroplano Stipa Caproni" on YouTube
Video "A Bizarre Fat Airplane that Changed Military Aviation Forever" on YouTube

Caproni aircraft
1930s Italian experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Ducted fan-powered aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft

Stipa-Caproni


James Carter (London 23 December 1798 – 23 August 1855) was a British engraver.

Life
Carter was born in the London parish of Shoreditch, and while still young gained the silver medal of the Society of Arts for drawing. He was first articled to Edmund Turrell, an architectural engraver, but later concentrated on landscapes and figures.

James Carter married Sarah Emily Wise on 22 December 1823 and died on 23 August 1855, leaving his wife Sarah and nine daughters.

Works

From 1830 to 1840 Carter was employed largely on engravings for the annuals, especially the Landscape Annual of Robert Jennings, for which he executed plates after Samuel Prout, David Roberts, and James Holland. He was also employed by John Weale, on numerous architectural works.

When the engravings from the Vernon Gallery appeared in The Art Journal, Carter was given The Village Festival, painted by Frederick Goodall. It was followed in the same series by engravings from The Angler's Nook, painted by Patrick Nasmyth, and Hadrian's Villa, painted by Richard Wilson; Edward Matthew Ward then asked that Carter should engrave his picture The South Sea Bubble, and subsequently employed him to engrave Benjamin West's First Essay in Art, a large plate he completed a short time before his death. This was Carter's largest and most important work.

Other works by Carter were a plate from his own design of Cromwell dictating to Milton the Despatch on behalf of the Waldenses, and a portrait of Sir Marc Isambard Brunel, after Samuel Drummond.

Notes

External Links
Attribution

 An engraving of  by Samuel Prout for Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837 with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon.

1798 births
1855 deaths
British engravers
People from Shoreditch
Artists from London

James Carter (engraver)


RefWorks is a web-based commercial reference management software package. It is produced by Ex Libris, a ProQuest company. RefWorks LLC was founded in 2001 as a partnership between Earl B. Beutler (development and customer service) and  Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (sales and marketing)  from 2002 until being acquired by ProQuest in 2008.

Functionality and features
Users' reference databases are stored online, allowing them to be accessed and updated from any computer with an internet connection. Institutional licenses allow universities to subscribe to RefWorks on behalf of all their students, faculty and staff. Individual licenses are also available. The software enables linking from a user's RefWorks account to electronic editions of journals to which the institution's library subscribes. This linking is accomplished by incorporating an institution's OpenURL resolver.

Many bibliographic database providers have implemented the ability to export references directly to RefWorks. In some cases (e.g. PubMed) reference citations must be saved to the user's computer as text files and then imported into RefWorks. In 2005 the bibliographic database Scopus formed a partnership with RefWorks to allow enhanced integration between the two products.

A word processor integration utility called Write-N-Cite enables users to insert reference codes from their RefWorks accounts into Microsoft Word documents, which can then be formatted to produce in-text citations and reference lists in various styles. A new version of Write-N-Cite (WNC4) for Mac was released in early 2012.

In 2005 RefWorks introduced a module called RefShare, which allows users to make public all or part of their RefWorks databases. This is done by creating a URL for a read-only version of the database or folder, which can be emailed or posted to a website. RefShare folders can also be used to create RSS feeds that are updated when new citations are added to the database.

RefMobile, a mobile phone interface, was introduced in 2009.

RefWorks includes RefGrab-It, a utility designed to capture bibliographic information from websites. , it was optimized to work with Amazon, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wikipedia, the BBC, USA TODAY, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times. The utility works with Firefox and Internet Explorer browsers only.

RefWorks-COS launched the current user interface, RefWorks 2.0, in 2010.

In 2016, ProQuest launched New RefWorks, featuring new functionality such as the ability to drag and drop PDFs, and a Save to RefWorks utility as a replacement for RefGrab-It. RefWorks 2.0 was rebranded as Legacy RefWorks and users were given the option of upgrading from Legacy to New RefWorks.

Canadian university access
In 2004 the Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) consortium licensed RefWorks on behalf of its 20 member institutions. The RefWorks software was mounted on data servers belonging to Scholars Portal, which provides the platform for the digital resources licensed by OCUL. In addition to the software, data in RefWorks users accounts belonging to member institutions are housed on the Scholars Portal servers at the University of Toronto. A number of other Canadian academic libraries that license RefWorks have since contracted for access through Scholars Portal, so that their data also resides on the servers in Toronto. According to news reports, this was due to concerns that information about individuals' research interests, represented by data stored on RefWorks servers in the United States, could be vulnerable to scrutiny under the terms of the USA Patriot Act.

As of mid 2015 OCUL will no longer host RefWorks on its servers in Canada. Some academic libraries chose to migrate their data to the RefWorks servers located outside of Canada, while others ceased their subscription to RefWorks.

See also
 Comparison of reference management software
 Office Open XML software
 OpenDocument software

References

External links
Ex Libris RefWorks - Reference Management (Website)
Ex Libris RefWorks - Login page

ProQuest
Reference management software

RefWorks


A spring is a device typically made of metal, usually steel.

The metal can be compressed (squeezed). When the compression force is removed, the spring returns to its original length. The metal is usually spring steel, and it is wound tightly. There is lot of varitions with size and type, example some springs have designed for pulling, not pushing. Gas-springs are often used with vehicles tailgate.

History
Simple non-coiled springs were used throughout human history e.g., the bow. In the Bronze Age more advanced spring devices were used, as shown by the spread of tweezers in many cultures. Ctesibius of Alexandria developed a method for making bronze with spring-like characteristics by producing an alloy of bronze with an increased proportion of tin, and then hardening it by hammering after it is cast.

Coiled springs appeared early in the 15th century, in door locks.  The first spring powered-clocks appeared in that century. They evolved into the first large watches by the 16th century.

In 1676 British physicist Robert Hooke discovered the principle behind springs' action, that the force it exerts is proportional to its extension, now called Hooke's law.

References

Engineering

Spring (device)


Ignazio Lupo (; March 21, 1877 – January 13, 1947), also known as Ignazio Saietta and Lupo the Wolf, was a Sicilian American Black Hand leader in New York City during the early 1900s. His business was centered in Little Italy, Manhattan, where he ran large extortion operations and committed other crimes including robberies, loan-sharking, and murder. By the start of the 20th century, Lupo merged his crew with others in the South Bronx and East Harlem to form the Morello crime family, which became the leading Mafia family in New York City.

Suspected of at least 60 murders, he was not caught by authorities until 1910, when the Secret Service arrested him for running a large scale counterfeiting ring in the Catskills. He was paroled after serving 10 years of a 30-year sentence. A few years later, he was forced into retirement by the emerging National Crime Syndicate led by Lucky Luciano.

Early life
Ignazio Lupo was born in Palermo, Sicily, to parents Rocco Lupo and Onofria Saietta. He has sometimes been referred to, using his mother's maiden name, as Ignazio Saietta, but his actual surname was Lupo.

From age 10, he worked in a dry goods store in Palermo. In October 1898, he shot and killed a business rival named Salvatore Morello, by Lupo's account in self-defense after Morello attacked him with a dagger during an argument in Lupo's store. Lupo went into hiding after the killing and, on the advice of his parents, eventually fled Sicily to escape prosecution.

After stops in Liverpool, Montreal, and Buffalo, he arrived in New York in 1898. On March 14, 1899, Lupo was convicted in absentia of 'willful and deliberate murder', reportedly due to the testimony of the clerks who worked in his store. Lupo would never serve out the Sicilian sentence, though he would one day return to Sicily.

Upon settling in New York City, Lupo opened a store at East 72nd Street in Manhattan with his cousin Saitta, but moved his business to Brooklyn after a disagreement. In 1901, he moved his business back to Manhattan and opened a small import store at 9 Prince Street, while also running a saloon across the street at 8 Prince Street. Lupo's father, Rocco, joined him in New York City in 1902 and together they opened a retail grocery store on 39th Street between 9th and 10th avenues. Around this time, Lupo began preying on his fellow Italian immigrants, using the extortion tactics of the Black Hand.

Morello crime family
In 1902, Giuseppe Morello acquired a saloon at 8 Prince Street, at the rear of the premises where Lupo was running his saloon. Morello had immigrated to the United States from Sicily in the 1890s and had been joined by his three half brothers Vincenzo Terranova, Ciro Terranova and Nicholas Morello. Lupo became closely associated with the Morello-Terranova faction and eventually married into their immediate family when he wed Salvatrice Terranova on December 23, 1903.

He maintained his leadership over his Little Italy-based interests, but in the early 1900s Lupo merged his Mafia faction with the Morello-Terranova faction, which basically formed what became known as the Morello crime family, then the leading Mafia family in New York City. Lupo kept his base of operations in Little Italy, but shared the overall leadership of the crime family with Giuseppe Morello, who operated from his base in East Harlem, while various members of their group, including Morello's half brothers, led the affiliated groups and ran the rackets with soldiers such as Giuseppe Fanaro, Giuseppe "Joe" Catania Sr., Charles Ubriaco and Tommaso "The Ox" Petto, a top enforcer and killer within the crime family.

Lupo demanded absolute obedience from the members of his crew, killing one of his relatives because he suspected he might be a traitor. His reputation became so fearsome that it was common for Italian immigrants to cross themselves at the mention of his name.

Crimes committed and jail time
Lupo was suspected of at least 60 murders, and may have killed many more. He was a suspect in the killing on July 22, 1902, of Giuseppe "Joe the Grocer" Catania. Catania was suspected of openly talking about a counterfeit operation which he was involved in with Lupo to his neighbors and friends; Catania also testified against several men in Palermo, which resulted in their 20-year prison terms. Catania was stabbed to death and left inside a potato sack on the shore of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.

Lupo was also suspected of the April 14, 1903, barrel murder of Madonia Benedetto. However, he was not charged with any crimes until 1910, when the Secret Service arrested him for running a large scale counterfeiting ring in the Catskills. He was sentenced to 30 years and imprisoned in Atlanta Prison, but was granted parole on June 30, 1920.

While serving out the conditions of parole, Lupo wanted to take a trip to Italy, but the Parole Act forbade him from leaving the country. In 1922, President Warren Harding freed Lupo from the constraints of his parole by granting a conditional commutation of sentence. The Annual Report of the Attorney General for 1922 mentioned Lupo's desire to return to Italy but also noted that his codefendant, Giuseppe Morello, had received a commutation after just eight years of imprisonment. The former Chief of the Selective Service considered the relative guilt of the two men to be, roughly, the same and thus recommended a commutation for Lupo.

Harding did, however, attach a condition to the commutation, requiring Lupo to remain "law-abiding" and "not connected with any unlawful undertaking during the period of the sentence". The President himself would be the sole judge of whether the "condition" was ever violated and, if it ever was, he could declare the commutation null and void. In such circumstance, the President would order Lupo arrested and returned to prison to serve out the remainder of the sentence.

Sometime in the early 1930s, the leaders of the emerging National Crime Syndicate called Lupo in for a meeting and forced him to give up nearly all of his rackets, except for a small Italian lottery in Brooklyn. Lupo relied almost entirely on violence and terror. The Syndicate preferred to use bribery first, and felt Lupo's tactics generated too much heat.

On his own, Lupo formed a protection racket involving bakers. In 1936, New York Governor Herbert Lehman petitioned President Franklin D. Roosevelt to have Lupo returned to prison for massive racketeering. He was returned to Atlanta Prison to serve a few years on his original counterfeiting sentence.

Death
After his release, he returned to Brooklyn, where he died more or less unnoticed in 1947. Lupo and the four Morello-Terranova brothers are interred in Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York, not far from Joe Petrosino, who investigated them, and other Morello crime family members.

In popular culture
There is a character called "Ignaz the Wolf" in author Damon Runyon's short story "Too Much Pep".
The character of Don Fanucci in The Godfather Part II is based on Ignazio Lupo.
Australian band Sticky fingers release their new album called "Lekkerboy", which contains a song called "Lupo the wolf", they tell the story of a "sicilian gangster famous for becoming a kingpin and chopping people into taters."

References

Further reading

External links
Article on the Grocery Conspiracy at Gangrule.com
Ignazio Lupo biography at Gangrule.com
Ignatius "Lupo the Wolf" Lupo at Find A Grave
The Mafia, the Murder Stable and Presidential Mercy
Bio

1877 births
1947 deaths
Mafia–Camorra War
American crime bosses
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
American counterfeiters
Genovese crime family
Gangsters from Palermo
Prohibition-era gangsters
Italian exiles
Italian emigrants to the United States

Ignazio Lupo


David Weinberger (born 1950) is an American author, technologist, and speaker. Trained as a philosopher, Weinberger's work focuses on how technology — particularly the internet and machine learning — is changing our ideas, with books about the effect of machine learning's complex models on business strategy and sense of meaning; order and organization in the digital age; the networking of knowledge; the Net's effect on core concepts of self and place; and the shifts in relationships between businesses and their markets.

Career
Weinberger holds a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and taught college from 1980-1986 primarily at Stockton University (then known as Stockton State College). From 1986 until the early 2000s he wrote about technology, and became a marketing consultant and executive at several high-tech companies, including Interleaf and Open Text. His best-known book is 2000's Cluetrain Manifesto (co-authored), a work noted for its early awareness of the Net as social medium. From 1997 through 2003 he was a frequent commentator on National Public Radio's All Things Considered, with about three dozen contributions. In addition, he was a gag writer for the comic strip "Inside Woody Allen" from 1976 to 1983.

In 2004 he became a Fellow at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and as of 2023 serves as an affiliation of the center. In 2008 he served as a visiting lecturer at Harvard Law School and co-taught a course on "The Web Difference" with John Palfrey. From 2010 to 2014 he was Co-Director of the Harvard Library Innovation Lab. In 2015, he was a fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. He is an advisor to Harvard's MetaLAB metaLAB, and the Harvard Business School Digital Initiative, and other non-commercial and commercial organizations. He continues to teach courses at Harvard Extension School on the effect of technology on ideas.

Beginning in 2015, Weinberger turned much of his attention to the philosophical and ethical implications of machine learning, resulting in a series of articles, talks and workshops, and his 2019 book Everyday Chaos. From June 2018  to June 2020, he was embedded in  Google's People + AI Research (PAIR), a machine learning research group located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a part-time writer-in-residence.

Weinberger has been involved in Internet policy and advocacy. He had the title Senior Internet Advisor to Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign, and was on technology policy advisory councils for both of Barack Obama's presidential campaigns and Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign. From 2010-12 he was a Franklin Fellow at the U.S. Department of State, working with the e-Diplomacy Group. He has written and spoken frequently in favor of policies that favor a more open Internet, including in Salon, NPR,  We Are the Internet and in a series of video interviews with the Federal Communications Commission.

Honors
In 2007, The Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council named him Mover & Shaker of the Year
2012, Too Big to Know won both the World Technology Award as best technology book of the year and the GetAbstract International Book Award
In 2014, Simmons College made him an honorary Doctor of Letters.
Axiom named  ``Everyday Chaos`` the "Best Business Commentary of 2019", and Inc. magazine listed it as one of 2019's "11 Must-Read Books for Entrepreneurs"

Books

The Cluetrain Manifesto, 2000
Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web, 2002
Everything is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder, 2007
Too Big to Know: Rethinking Knowledge Now That the Facts Aren't the Facts, Experts Are Everywhere, and the Smartest Person in the Room Is the Room, 2012
Everyday Chaos: Technology, Complexity, and How We're Thriving in a New World of Possibility', 2019

Other works

How Machine Learning Pushes Us to Define Fairness: Harvard Business Review, Nov. 2019.
Our Machines Now Have Knowledge We'll Never Understand Wired, Apr. 18, 2017.
Optimization over Explanation Berkman Klein, Jan. 28, 2018
New Clues (with Doc Searls)
Library as Platform, Library Journal, Sept. 4,2012
Shift Happens, "The Chronicle of Higher Education," April 22, 2012
"The Machine That Would Predict the Future", Scientific American, Dec. 2011
 World of Ends, What the Internet Is and How to Stop Mistaking It for Something Else (with Doc Searls)
Transparency is the New Objectivity, Joho the Blog, July 19, 2009
"To Know but Not Understand," The Atlantic, Jan. 3, 2012
 "The Internet that was (and still could be)", The Atlantic, June 22, 2015.

References

External links

 Home page
 Personal blog
 Everyday Chaos talks and podcasts
 Harvard/Berkman Center page
 What Fairness Can Learn from AI: Harvard Business School's Digital Initiative, lightning talk, Oct. 2019
 Chaos Journalism: AI, Our Democracy, and the Future - Invited lecture, Arizona State University Chaos Journalism: AI, Our Democracy, and the Future, Sept. 26, 2019
 Pointing at the Wrong Villain: Cass Sunstein and Echo Chambers ''Los Angeles Review of Books'', July 20, 2017
 Podcast Interview at MFG Innovationcast (starting minute 11:10)
 Podcast Interview at CBC's Spark.
 Interview on 99FACES.tv about The Cluetrain Manifesto and Too Big To Know''

1950 births
People from New York (state)
Living people
20th-century American Jews
American bloggers
American technology writers
21st-century American philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
Jewish philosophers
Berkman Fellows
Bucknell University alumni
University of Toronto alumni
21st-century American Jews

David Weinberger


Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla (also known as The Boys from Brooklyn and in England as Monster Meets the Gorilla) is a 1952 American comedy horror science fiction film directed by William Beaudine and starring horror veteran Bela Lugosi with nightclub performers Duke Mitchell and Sammy Petrillo in roles approximating the then-popular duo of Martin and Lewis.

Plot

Opening narration
"This is the jungle... the vast wilderness of giant lush foliage... of tropical birds and fierce animal life... the killer tiger... the cunning hyena... the deadly python that can crush a giant elk... the proud lion... a fierce lioness, stalking a prey to feed her young... and the buzzards... the scavengers of the jungle... soaring lower, ever lower... eager to devour the dead or the dying. Kill or be killed... this is the law of the jungle... and here... what have we here? Who are these men? What can they possibly be doing in this cruel tropical wilderness?"

Synopsis
Jungle-dwelling natives find two long-haired bearded men dressed in frayed tuxedos asleep on the jungle floor and carry the men to their chief and his daughter who insists on protecting them. She mimes instructions that the men are to be dressed, shaven and given haircuts, all of which is done while they are still asleep. Upon waking up, the men — Duke Mitchell and Sammy Petrillo — introduce themselves to the chief's daughter Nona and recount that they were on their way "to do a show for the boys on Guam", but opened the wrong door on the plane, fell out with their parachutes and have been living on wild berries and raw fish. Nona explains that her father is Chief Rakos and "this is the most southern fringe of the Zambuanga Group — the Island of Kola Kola".

At that evening's luau, Duke establishes a closer relationship with Nona, while Sammy is introduced to Nona's overly-friendly plus-size "baby sister" Saloma, causing him to jump up, join the luau dancers and then perform a comedy routine, followed by Duke's rendition of "'Deed I Do". Afterwards, Nona tells Duke that she was educated in an American college to prepare her for ruling the island as its queen.
When Duke inquires about leaving the island, Nona says, "perhaps Dr. Zabor can help you. He's the only white man on the island. He lives on the other side of the island. He's a scientist working on an experiment in evolution. He hired me as his assistant. Tomorrow I shall take you to him." In the meantime, Saloma continues to chase Sammy through the jungle and kisses him goodnight while Duke and Nona share a kiss.

The following morning, upon arriving at Dr. Zabor's Dracula-like castle, Nona, Duke and Sammy are let in by the tall, heavily-built native servant Chula who goes to inform Dr. Zabor. When Dr. Zabor comes out to greet them, Duke thinks he knows him and Sammy reminds Duke, "Ain't this the fellow that goes around with the hand and the faces, biting people on the neck and wearing capes?" "You're crazy", replies Duke, "Watch out for bats", shouts Sammy. Dr. Zabor offers to help Duke and Sammy leave the island and offers them the hospitality of his castle and the use of his wardrobe.

In the laboratory, Dr. Zabor insists to the reluctant Nona that "You shall love me" as Chula ushers in the re-dressed Duke and Sammy who become interested in Dr. Zabor's caged chimp Ramona. The castle is visited by the island's law representative, Pepe Bordo, who has the only "wireless outfit" and promises to communicate with a passing ship. As Dr. Zabor accompanies Pepe Bordo to the outside, Duke and Nona kiss while Ramona pulls Sammy into her cage and locks the door.

In the evening, Duke walks Nona back to her village, Dr. Zabor drinks and broods over Nona's reluctance and Sammy goes to bed alone, but Ramona opens her cage door, leaves the laboratory, goes upstairs and climbs into bed with Sammy who winds up spending the night with Ramona in her cage, while Duke returns and goes to bed.

On another evening Dr. Zabor and Chula arrive to share a meal with Chief Rakos, Nona, Saloma, Duke, Sammy and the witch doctor. As Nona and Duke go outside, Dr. Zabor sends Chula to spy on them, while Saloma encourages Sammy to go out so she can meet with him. As Chula listens, Duke proposes marriage to Nona and sings "Too Soon" to the melody of "La Paloma". Chula returns, Dr. Zabor puts on his black cape, leaves and listens to Chula describe Duke's and Nona's marriage plans. Back in the laboratory, Dr. Zabor injects Ramona, reversing evolution and turning her into a small monkey with a tail.

The following morning, as Nona returns to the laboratory, Dr. Zabor realizes that the serum's effect was only temporary and Ramona has turned back into a chimp. Meanwhile, Duke is on his way to see Pepe Bordo, but is ambushed by Chula who carries him to the laboratory where Dr. Zabor tells Nona that the day's work is done and that she should take Sammy to the village and after they leave, injects Duke with the serum and watches him turn into a gorilla.

As Nona and Sammy return to the laboratory in search of Duke, Dr. Zabor explains that the gorilla is actually Ramona advanced to a higher level of evolution. He and Nona start out for the village, leaving Sammy in the laboratory with the gorilla who uses charades in pantomiming to Sammy that he is really Duke. Sammy still cannot understand until the gorilla launches into a gravelly rendition of "'Deed I Do". Sammy unlocks the cage, the gorilla knocks out Chula who later awakens and goes to the village to warn Dr. Zabor. Zabor and Chula return to the castle to find Sammy and the gorilla running away, pursued by a lovesick female gorilla. Dr. Zabor takes a rifle and goes in pursuit.

Upon reaching the village, Sammy explains to Nona that the gorilla is really Duke and she embraces the gorilla, but just then Chula arrives with Dr. Zabor who aims the rifle at the gorilla. Sammy shields the gorilla with his body and is mortally wounded. As the gorilla kneels over Sammy and pats his face, the scene shifts to Duke shaking Sammy awake and, in answer to his questions, explaining that they are in the dressing room of The Jungle Hut nightclub in Passaic, New Jersey and "we're on next... come on!" In the hallway, Sammy sees Nona returning at the finish of her gorilla trainer act, with Chief Rakos in a gorilla suit, removing the gorilla head and complaining. He then meets Pepe Bordo who is now a waiter and runs into the tall Chula, wearing a tuxedo, who brusquely tells him, "Hurry it up... you're on next". Dr. Zabor is the manager who advises him, "You'd better get some laughs this time or you'll be collecting unemployment insurance". Finally, Saloma, a dancer in a Polynesian act, embraces Sammy, gives him a big kiss and, this time, he likes it as he and Duke perform their act with another rendition of "'Deed I Do".

Cast

Bela Lugosi as Dr. Zabor
Duke Mitchell as Duke Mitchell
Sammy Petrillo as Sammy Petrillo
Charlita as Nona
Muriel Landers as Saloma
Al Kikume as Chief Rakos
Mickey Simpson as Chula
Milton Newberger as Witch Doctor Bongo
Martin Garralaga as Pepe Bordo
Ramona, the Chimp
Steve Calvert as Gorilla (uncredited)
Ray Corrigan as Gorilla (uncredited)

Songs listed in opening credits
"'Deed I Do" by Walter Hirsch & Fred Rose
"Too Soon" by Nick Therry

Pre-production
During the 1950s, comedian Sammy Petrillo had established something of a career imitating comedian Jerry Lewis, who he closely resembled. Petrillo worked for Lewis at one point after an agent set up a meeting with Lewis who then cast him in a sketch on the NBC show The Colgate Comedy Hour. For $60, he played Jerry Lewis as a baby in a crib.  Petrillo went on to form a musical comedy team in the style of Martin and Lewis with singer Duke Mitchell in the Dean Martin role.  The team played in various clubs in Las Vegas among other cities. Maurice Duke, who managed the duo, had pitched the idea of Petrillo and Mitchell starring in a movie to several studios. Duke eventually pitched the idea to Realart Pictures Inc. co-owner Jack Broder and his assistant, producer Herman Cohen. Duke then took Broder to see Petrillo and Mitchell perform in Culver City. While Broder thought the duo was hilarious, Cohen (who saw the duo's act later) said he thought Petrillo and Mitchell "stunk". Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla was to be the first in a series of films starring Mitchell and Petrillo, but wound up as their only film together.

According to Cohen, Jerry Lewis was furious when he heard that Petrillo and Mitchell had formed a team that was imitative of his act with Dean Martin, and that they were to appear in a film together. Gary Lewis, Jerry's eldest son was quoted, "When Sammy and the other guy played in that gorilla movie, I remember my dad and Dean saying, 'We got to sue these guys — this is no good.'" Lewis, who knew Jack Broder through the Friars Club of Beverly Hills, showed up at Broder's office. The two got into a screaming match over the film and Lewis stormed out yelling obscenities. Paramount Pictures producer Hal B. Wallis, who then had Martin and Lewis under contract and also knew Broder through the Friars Club, threatened to sue Broder for releasing a film that featured a duo that closely resembled Martin and Lewis. Wallis and Broder had a meeting after shooting wrapped. According to Cohen, Broder offered to sell Hal Wallis the film's negative for a substantial amount of money. Wallis agreed to buy it so he could destroy it before anyone could see it. However, Broder and Wallis could not agree on a price. Broder released the film and Wallis never spoke to Broder again.

Bela Lugosi was cast because Realart had reissued Lugosi's Universal  horror films. By 1952, Lugosi's career had sharply declined. Cohen later recalled that Lugosi was quite ill at the time due to his addiction to morphine, but acted professionally and was nice. The film was originally titled White Woman of the Lost Jungle. The Gorilla title was thought up by Jack Broder's ten-year-old son. Cohen decided it would be foolish not to exploit Bela Lugosi's appearance in the film and decide to retitle the film using Lugosi's name.

Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla was filmed over a six-day period at the General Service Studios in Los Angeles. The film's budget was $12,000.

In his long-running Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin jokingly called it "one of the all-time greats."

Decades later, the film was referenced by Martin Landau, who watched it three times in preparation for his role as Lugosi in the biopic Ed Wood, saying that it was "so bad that it made Ed Wood's films look like Gone with the Wind."

See also
 List of films in the public domain in the United States

References

External links

  Sammy Petrillo Speaks Out; illustrated by Ward Sutton
 Interview with producer of Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla
 Joe Dante on Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla at Trailers From Hell

1952 films
1950s comedy horror films
1952 horror films
1950s science fiction comedy films
American adventure comedy films
American comedy horror films
American science fiction horror films
American black-and-white films
American science fiction comedy films
1950s English-language films
Films directed by William Beaudine
Films set on islands
Films set in Oceania
Films shot in Los Angeles
Jack Broder Productions Inc. films
American independent films
1950s adventure comedy films
1950s science fiction horror films
1952 comedy films
1950s independent films
Films about gorillas
1950s American films
Bela Lugosi

Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla


Trichodes leucopsideus is a species of checkered beetle belonging to the family Cleridae, subfamily Clerinae.

Description
It is a hairy small-medium size beetle with shining blue or black head and scutellum. The elongated elytra show a bright reddish orange colour with black bands. This species can easily be distinguished from other Trichodes species by the two small black spots in front of the elytra.

Distribution
These beetles are found in France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal and in North Africa.

Ecology
At the larval stage these beetles are parasites of bees, as the females lay the eggs in the nests of wild bees or in hives of honey bees. After hatching larvae feed on larvae and nymphs of their victims.

The adults grow up to  and can be encountered from May through July on the flowers, mainly Apiaceae, feeding on the pollen. However, they integrate their diet with small insects that they actively hunt.

References

External links
Biolib

leucopsideus
Beetles of Europe
Beetles described in 1795

Trichodes leucopsideus


Dymock is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean district of Gloucestershire, England, about four miles south of Ledbury. In 2014 the parish had an estimated population of 1,205.

Dymock is the origin of the Dymock Red, a cider apple, and Stinking Bishop cheese.

History
In the village of Dymock there are several interesting buildings which include cruck beam cottages; "The White House", which was the birthplace of John Kyrle, the "Man of Ross", in 1637; Ann Cam School of 1825 and St Mary's Church, a patchwork history in brick and stone with Anglo-Norman origins. Nearby stands the only remaining village pub, which was purchased by Parish Council to help preserve a thriving village. The pub is rented and run by a landlord and supported by a local fundraising and social committee "Friends of the Beauchamp Arms" (FOBA).

Dymock was served by the Hereford & Gloucester Canal, opened in 1845; this closed in 1881 and the section between Ledbury and Gloucester converted into a railway line, a branch line of the Great Western Railway, though a stretch between Dymock and Newent was by-passed as it was decided not to take the line through the 2,192 yard Oxenhall Tunnel. Dymock railway station was on this line which closed in 1959, but the canal (including the tunnel), is now being restored.

Dymock is the ancestral home of the Dymoke family who are the Royal Champions of England. It is thought that the Dymokes first lived at Knight's Green, an area just outside the village of Dymock.

Governance
The village falls in the 'Bromesberrow and Dymock' electoral ward. This ward starts in the north at Dymock and ends in the south at Kempley. The ward total population taken at the 2011 census was 1,901.

Popular culture
Dymock gave its name to a school of Romanesque sculpture first described in the book The Dymock School of Sculpture by Eric Gethyn-Jones (1979). The school is noted for its use of stepped volute capitals and its stylised "tree of life" motif on tympana. A lead tablet inscribed with an elaborate 17th-century curse against a woman called Sarah Ellis was found in a home in Wilton Place. It is preserved in Gloucester's museum collection as "The Dymock Curse".

It was the eponymous home of the Dymock poets from the period 1911–1914. The homes of Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Lascelles Abercrombie and the American-born Robert Frost can still be seen there. Dymock is renowned for its wild daffodils in the spring, and these were  probably the inspiration for the line "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood" in Frost's  poem "The Road Not Taken", which was a gentle satire on his great friend, and fellow Dymock Poet, Edward Thomas. In 2011 the village featured on Countryfile, where the Dymock poets were looked into in more detail.

Daffodil Way
The Daffodil Way is a circular walk through the ′Golden Triangle', best in late February and March when wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) are flowering in the fields around Dymock and Kempley.

References

Bibliography

External links
Dymock Community Web Site
Dymock Family Web Site (England, U.S.A., and Canada. With extensive information on the Royal Champions
Photos of Dymock and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk

Civil parishes in Gloucestershire
Forest of Dean
Romanesque architecture in England
Villages in Gloucestershire

Dymock


The Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (), known for a few years from 2015 as Antalya International Film Festival, is a film festival, held annually since 1963 in Antalya, and is the second most important film festival in Turkey. Since 2009, the event, which takes place in the autumn months at the Antalya Cultural Center (Antalya Kültür Merkezi, AKM), has  been organised solely by the Antalya Foundation for Culture and Arts (Antalya Kültür Sanat Vakfı, AKSAV) and has included an international section within the main body of the festival.

History
Cultural activities like concerts and theatre plays, which started to take place in the 1950s at the historical Aspendos Amphitheatre, formed the cornerstone of the Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival of today. These events held in the summer months under the honorary patronage of Avni Tolunay, found ever increasing interest from people and became traditional at the beginning of the 1960s. In 1963, the festivities turned into a film festival with the initiation Avni Tolunay, who became the mayor of Antalya that year. As the logo of the film festival chosen was an orange, the most important symbol of the region, along with sea, historical elements and the Venus statue. The orange becomes not only a figure within the logo but also gives the festival its name.

The 1st Golden Orange Film Festival was held in 1964. Its mission was formulated by Avni Tolunay as to promote the Turkish cinema, to motivate Turkish film producers for high quality works and to help Turkish cinema penetrate the international film platform. The Golden Orange Feature Film Award was called soon the Turkish Oscar following the enthusiasm created in the cinema world with its high performance within a short time. In 1978, the festival went international by incorporating plastic arts for the first time.

Until 1985, the Golden Orange Festival was organized by the patronage of the Municipality of Antalya. That year, the organization was taken over by the newly established Foundation for Culture, Arts and Tourism in Antalya (Antalya Kültür Sanat Turizm Vakfı, AKSAV). From 1985 until 1988, the incorporation of an international music festival called "Akdeniz Akdeniz" ("Mediterranean Mediterranean") added another dimension to the festival. In the years 1989 to 1994, the municipality, tourism companies and the chamber of commerce in Antalya performed the organization of the Golden Orange Film Festival jointly. Finally, the festival became institutional with the establishment of the Foundation of Golden Orange Culture and Arts Foundation. The institution serves under the name Antalya Culture and Arts Foundation (Antalya Kültür Sanat Vakfı) since September 2002.

From 2005 to 2008 it was jointly organized with Turkish Foundation of Cinema and Audio-visual Culture (TURSAK) and was accompanied by the International Eurasia Film Festival: the 1st International Eurasia Film Festival; 2nd International Eurasia Film Festival; 3rd International Eurasia Film Festival; and the final 4th International Eurasia Film Festival.

The festival was cancelled on September 29, 2023, due to intense government pressure.

Jury
The international jury of the festival is formed by nine personalities from the world of cinema and culture, who may not be directly associated with the production or exploitation of a film in competition. A jury of seven professional cinema experts in each of the three film categories advise the main jury.

Awards

The Golden Orange awards are given in three film categories. The statuette used before 2005 has been reinstated as of 2009.

National feature film competition
Money prizes are given in major categories and a Golden Orange statuette is awarded in addition in all of the following categories:
 Best Picture: 300,000 TRY (approx. US$140,000)
 Best Director: 30,000 TRY (US$14,000)
 Best Screenplay 20.000 TRY (US$9,000)
 Best Music 20.000 TRY (US$9,000)
 Best Actress
 Best Actor
 Best Camera Direction (in addition 100 rolls of film worth $30,000 granted by Kodak)
 Best Art Direction
 Best Supporting Actress
 Best Supporting Actor
 Best Cinematography
 Best Film Editing
 Best Makeup and Hairdress (since 2005)
 Best Visual Effects (since 2005)
 Best Costume Design
 Best Sound Design and Sound Mix (since 2005)

Jury special awards
 The Dr. Avni Tolunay Jury Special Award
 The Behlül Dal Digitürk Jury Special Award for Young Talent $25,000

National documentary film competition
 Best Picture: 7,000 TRY (approx. US$3.000) and the Golden Orange statuette

National short subject competition
 Best Picture: 7,500 TRY (approx. US$5,750)

Venues

The festival starts with a parade in the city of Antalya in the evening of the first day. The opening ceremony takes place at the Konyaaltı Amphitheatre or in Antalya Cultural Center in presence of national and international film celebrities invited. At this ceremony, honorary awards are presented to cinema people for their contribution.

The award ceremony takes place in the closing night at the historical Aspendos Amphitheatre, which holds around 7,000 people. In case of bad weather conditions, the award ceremony is transferred to the Glass Pyramid Sabancı Congress and Exhibition Center, which provides seating for an audience of 2,500 only.

Censorship in 2014

During the 51st Golden Orange Festival in 2014, which was organized by Justice and Development Party (Turkey)'s municipality, when The Lamb directed by Kutluğ Ataman swept the board, Reyan Tuvi's feature-length documentary on the 2013-2014 Gezi protests, titled Yeryüzü Aşkın Yüzü Oluncaya Dek (Until The Earth's Face Becomes Love's Face), was removed from the festival with the claim that the documentary violated articles 125 and 299 of the Turkish Penal Code.

As an initial response, the jury of the Festival released a press statement protesting the decision. In the statement, the jury called out the action as a censorship effort by the administration and stated that the festival administration refused to reinstate the documentary despite their written protests.

On October 5, 2014, the chair of the Festival jury informed the press of his decision to resign from the jury for ethical reasons. In the following day, 10 more jury members resigned from the Festival, informing the press that they are in solidarity with Reyan Tuvi, that they respect his right to an audience, that they protest the Festival administration's behavior of taking on the role of the judiciary branch, and that they are concerned about the administration's attempts to normalize censorship.

Again on October 5, Reyhan Tuvi tweeted that, because she decided to "remove a specific curseword from the English captions" (but not from the Turkish audio), the documentary will now be shown in the Festival as it was shown to audiences in Istanbul and elsewhere.

See also
Cinema of Turkey
Turkish television drama
World cinema

References

External links

Film festivals in Turkey
Golden Orange Film Festival
Awards established in 1963
Annual events in Turkey
1963 establishments in Turkey
Film festivals established in 1963

Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival


Kabāb-e Barg (, Kabāb-e Barg; literally "Leaf Kebab") is a Persian style barbecued and marinated lamb, chicken or beef kabab dish. The main ingredients of Kabab-e Barg are beef tenderloin, lamb sirloin, or less commonly chicken breast, along with onions and olive oil.

Kabab Barg and kabab koobideh are often among the most popular dishes served in Persian cuisine restaurants.

Preparation
The meat is cut in strips and given a marinade in olive oil, onions, garlic, saffron, salt and black pepper. It is then skewered and grilled. Tomatoes are grilled separately and often served on the side with rice or bread, sometimes seasoned with sumac.

At Iranian restaurants, the combination of one Kabab Barg and one Kabab koobideh is typically called soltānī, meaning "(a meal) in the style of a sultan". One Barg, one Koobideh, and one Jujeh is a şāh äbbāsī, meaning "(a meal) in the style of a shah".

See also
 Chelow kabab
 Kabab koobideh

References

Middle Eastern grilled meats
Iranian cuisine
Skewered kebabs
Persian words and phrases

Kabab barg


Richard Lane Hudson Jr. (born November 4, 1971) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 9th congressional district since 2013 (previously numbered the 8th district). A member of the Republican Party, his district covers a large part of the southern Piedmont area from Concord to Spring Lake.

Early life and education
Hudson was born in Franklin, Virginia, but has lived in the Charlotte area since childhood. He graduated from Myers Park High School in 1990. He attended the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and graduated Omicron Delta Kappa in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in political science and history. He also served as student body president and president of the College Republicans and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order social fraternity.

Early career
Active in politics for many years, Hudson served as district director for 8th District Congressman Robin Hayes from 1999 to 2005.  At various times, he served on the staffs of Republicans Virginia Foxx, John Carter and Mike Conaway. He also served as communications director for the North Carolina Republican Party in the mid-1990s. In 1996 he worked on Richard Vinroot's campaign for governor, and in 2008 as campaign manager for Pat McCrory's run for governor. Hudson was the president of Cabarrus Marketing Group, a small business consulting and marketing company he started in 2011 and dissolved upon his election to Congress.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2012

Hudson ran for Congress in North Carolina's 8th congressional district. He won the July 17 Republican primary runoff with 64% of the vote against Scott Keadle and faced Democratic incumbent Larry Kissell in November. The district had been made significantly more Republican in redistricting, losing most of its share of Charlotte and picking up several heavily Republican areas northeast of the city.

At a primary campaign event in April 2012, Hudson told a Tea Party group, "there's no question President Obama is hiding something on his citizenship." He later apologized for his comments and said he accepted that Obama was born in the United States.

Hudson spoke at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida, on August 28, 2012. He was elected with 54% of the vote to Kissell's 46% and took office in January 2013.

2014

Hudson was opposed by Antonio Blue in the general election and won 64.9% to 35.1%.

2016

In 2016, Hudson was challenged by Tim D'Annunzio in the primary election. He won with 64.6% of the vote to D'Annunzio's 35.4%. In the general election, Hudson defeated Democrat Thomas Mills 58.8%–41.2%.

2018

2020

Hudson defeated Democrat Patricia Timmons-Goodson in the November 3 general election.

Committee assignments

At the beginning of the 116th Congress, Hudson was assigned to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy, Subcommittee on Health and Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce.

Caucus membership

 Republican Study Committee

Tenure
According to The Sandhills Sentinel, Hudson holds a conservative position on gun control, opposes abortion, and has been "a leading advocate of opioid reform."

In 2014, Hudson proposed prohibiting EPA officials from using airplane travel for official travel.

In 2015, Hudson cosponsored a resolution to amend the Constitution to ban same-sex marriage.

Hudson sponsored a bill to improve airport security in reaction to the 2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting. Representative John Katko reintroduced the bill, which became law in the 114th Congress.

In December 2020, Hudson was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state.

On January 6, 2021, Hudson was one of 147 Republican lawmakers who objected to the certification of electoral votes from the 2020 presidential election after a mob of Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol and forced an emergency recess of Congress. On May 19, 2021, Hudson and all seven other House Republican leaders voted against establishing a national commission to investigate the January 6, 2021, attack on the United States Capitol Complex. Thirty-five Republican House members and all 217 Democrats present voted to establish such a commission.

Policy positions
Hudson supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, saying, "At a time of grave security threats, President Trump is right to pause the flow of refugees from countries where terrorism is rampant until we can properly vet them and implement additional screening for individuals traveling to and from these countries."

Hudson favors repealing the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted to repeal it.

Hudson supports Israel's right to defend itself. In 2023, he voted with an overwhelming bipartisan majority to provide Israel with whatever support is necessary in the "barbaric war" in Gaza started by Hamas and other terrorists following the 2023 Hamas terrorist attack on Israel on October 7.

Personal life
Hudson's wife, Renee, was chief of staff for Kellyanne Conway. Hudson attends Crossroads Church (Concord, North Carolina), which is a Global Methodist Church congregation.

References

External links
Congressman Richard Hudson official U.S. House website
Richard Hudson for Congress

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1971 births
21st-century American politicians
Living people
American Methodists
People from Cabarrus County, North Carolina
People from Franklin, Virginia
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
United States congressional aides
Methodists from North Carolina

Richard Hudson (American politician)


Cley Marshes is a  nature reserve on the North Sea coast of England. It is just outside the village of Cley next the Sea, Norfolk. It has been a reserve since 1926. It is the oldest of the reserves belonging to the Norfolk Wildlife Trust (NWT).

Cley Marshes protects an area of reed beds, freshwater marsh, pools and wet meadows. It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Area of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar Site because of the large numbers of birds it attracts.

North Norfolk

Cley Marshes


Hieronymus Weickmann (; 26 February 1825 in Nuremberg – 26 April 1895 in Nuremberg) was an Imperial Russian viola player, composer and music educator of German descent.

Weickmann worked in Saint Petersburg, Russia from 1853 to 1891. He played in the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra from 1855 to 1890. Along with Leopold Auer, Johann Wilhelm Zacharias Pickel and Karl Davydov, and later Aleksandr Verzhbilovich, he was a member of the quartet of the Russian Musical Society in Saint Petersburg from 1859–1889. He often appeared as viola soloist performing, in particular, the solo part in Hector Berlioz' Harold en Italie conducted by the composer during his tour of Russia in 1867–1868.

Weickmann taught viola at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory from 1863, and was appointed the first Professor of Viola in 1870. Among his students was Vasily Bessel, later a well-known music publisher.

Anton Rubinstein wrote his Viola Sonata for Weickmann who premiered the work in 1855 with the composer at the piano. Henryk Wieniawski also composed his Rêverie in F minor in 1855 for Weickmann.

Selected works
Chamber music
 Gebet in D major (published c.1879)
 Fantasie in F major for cello or viola and piano (1884)
 2 Stücke (2 Pieces) for viola and piano, Op. 4 (1890)
   Nachtlied (Night Song) in D major
   Wiegenlied (Lullaby) in F major
 6 leichte Stücke (6 Easy Pieces) for violin and piano, Op. 8 (1892)
   Weihnachtslied
   Ein Tänzchen im Freien
   Jagdstück
   Rundgesang (Kanon)
   Schaukelpferd
   Haschen

Vocal
 6 Lieder for voice and piano (1890)
   Wiegenlied "Schlafe Kindlein, hold und süß"
   Komm mit "Es zwitschert ein Vöglein: Komm mit"
   "Nicht milder ist des Mondes Silberlicht"
   Waldeinsamkeit "Deine süßen Schauer"
   Am Strand "Der Hauch der die schäumende Meerflut erregt"
   Wanderrast "Hier ruht sich's gut"

References

External links

1825 births
1895 deaths
Musicians from the Russian Empire
German emigrants to the Russian Empire
Musicians from Nuremberg
Academic staff of Saint Petersburg Conservatory

Hieronymus Weickmann


William Bratt (born 13 April 1988 in Oxford) is a British racing driver. He previously competed in the British Touring Car Championship with Rob Austin Racing.

Career

T Cars
After three years in Super 1 karting, Bratt moved into the T Cars series for drivers between fourteen and seventeen years old, in 2003. He finished fourth in the championship in his rookie season, winning a single race at Snetterton. He dominated the 2004 season, finishing every one of the eighteen races on the podium, winning fourteen of them to win the championship by 58 points from runner-up Ruth Senior.

Formula Renault
After his T Car championship, Bratt moved into single-seaters for the 2004 Formula Renault UK Winter Series, with Scorpio Motorsport. He finished eleventh in the championship, missing out on the top ten by just one point. This performance led to a full season campaign in 2005, staying with Scorpio. After a steady opening, Bratt recorded a best finish of eleventh twice before finishing fifteenth in the championship, and runner-up in the Graduate Cup for first-year drivers. He continued with Scorpio into the 2005 Winter Series, finishing ninth with 54 points.

Another campaign with Scorpio followed in 2006, and Bratt's results steadily improved resulting in a first win at Oulton Park. He also finished on the podium at Donington Park en route to eighth place in the championship. With six of the seven drivers who finished above him in 2006 moving out of the championship, Bratt became a championship contender for the 2007 season. Good starts from championship rivals Duncan Tappy and Dean Smith left Bratt on the back foot after the first few rounds. After achieving a double win at Croft, he added further wins at Oulton Park and Brands Hatch, but he was out of the championship running before the final few races such were the dominance of the Fortec cars of his rivals. Bratt was unopposed in third, finishing some 32 points clear of Adam Christodoulou. His performances earned him a place on the British Racing Drivers' Club's "Rising Star" scheme.

In the off-season, Bratt competed in the Formula Palmer Audi Autumn Trophy, finishing second in the series without winning a race. He also made a return to Formula Renault in the 2008 season, replacing Sho Hanawa at the Silverstone meeting in support of the World Series by Renault.

Formula Three
Bratt moved to Spain to compete in the Spanish Formula Three Championship for the 2008 season, competing for former Formula One driver Emilio de Villota's team. After two top-five finishes on his debut at Jarama, Bratt recorded both his first pole position and podium during the first race at Spa. After a barren run of just seven points in ten races, Bratt ended the season impressively with a pair of second places and a pair of third places at the final two rounds in Barcelona and Jerez, ultimately finishing fifth in the overall championship.

Euroseries 3000
Bratt continued with de Villota's team, moving into the Euroseries 3000 for the 2009 season. Heading into the final round, Bratt was one of four drivers who could still win the title as he was only six points behind championship leader Fabio Onidi. Bratt finished first and second in the two races, with his second-place finish breaking a tie with Marco Bonanomi. Both drivers finished with 71 points and four wins, but Bratt's second gave him a 3–2 advantage in relation to the championship. Not only winning the Euroseries 3000 title, Bratt also won the Italian Formula 3000 Championship crown.

GP2 Series
As a prize for winning the Euroseries 3000 title, Bratt won a drive in the GP2 Asia Series for the 2009–10 season with Euroseries 3000 organisers Coloni Motorsport.

Formula Two
Bratt moved into the FIA Formula Two Championship in 2010.

He was the only driver disqualified from a race that season. Bratt was disqualified from the second race at Silverstone having failed to obey a drive-through penalty and being black flagged – he finished second but received no points.

Bratt came 9th in the championship out of 30 drivers with 92 points despite missing 8 out of the 16 rounds.

British Touring Car Championship

Rob Austin Racing (2012–2013)

Bratt made his touring car debut with Rob Austin Racing at the Oulton Park round of the 2012 season. He finished eighth on his début in the Audi A4 and won Dunlop's "Most Improved Independent Driver Award". He stayed with the team for the next round at Croft but was unable to secure the sponsorship to continue in the championship at Snetterton. He returned to the team for the final three events of the season starting at Rockingham. He qualified a season best thirteenth on the grid at the final round at Brands Hatch and finished ninth in the first race before retiring from the second race having collided with the stricken BMW of Rob Collard. Bratt concluded the season 20th in the drivers standings after contesting half of the events.

Bratt will continue in the championship for the 2013 season with Rob Austin Racing, now competing under the WIX Racing banner.

Racing record

Career summary

† As Bratt was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.
 Season still in progress.

Complete GP2 Asia Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete FIA Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1 point awarded in first race) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap – 1 point awarded all races) (* signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap – 1 point given)

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Personal
Bratt attended Bloxham School, Oxfordshire and has a degree in history from Lincoln College, Oxford.

Will Bratt is also a musician (guitarist and writer) and plays in the popular Oxfordshire-based cover band Mr Blue and Little Liars.

References

External links
 Official website

 Creative Agency of Will Bratt

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Banbury
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
English racing drivers
British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
Formula Palmer Audi drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
Auto GP drivers
GP2 Asia Series drivers
FIA Formula Two Championship drivers
People educated at Bloxham School
British Touring Car Championship drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup GB drivers
Pons Racing drivers
Scuderia Coloni drivers
De Villota Motorsport drivers
United Autosports drivers
Le Mans Cup drivers
Murphy Prototypes drivers

Will Bratt


Straight Talk is a 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman and starring Dolly Parton, James Woods, Griffin Dunne  and Michael Madsen.

Plot

Shirlee Kenyon is a dance instructor living in Arkansas. Fired for giving advice to her clients rather than teaching them dance, she attempts to convince her boyfriend (Michael Madsen) to move to Chicago with her. After he declines and belittles her, she decides to move there without him.

Once she arrives, she stands on a bridge enjoying the view of the city when she accidentally drops a twenty dollar bill. As she climbs over the rail to retrieve the money, Jack (James Woods), an investigative journalist, sees her from his office window and assumes she is trying to commit suicide. He runs out to rescue her, but as he attempts to grab and "save" her, Shirlee almost falls into the river and loses the 20 she had been trying to recover. Afterwards, she tells him about the 20. Jack tries to give her money, saying she must need it more than him if she is willing to risk her life to retrieve it. She refuses and they part.

Shirlee stops into a cafe for breakfast, and chats with another customer, Janice (Teri Hatcher), annoyed at having been stood up by her boyfriend the previous evening. Shirlee tells her he is taking her for granted, and advises her to end the relationship, only to realize that Janice's boyfriend is, in fact, Jack. When he shows up, Janice breaks it off. He thanks Shirlee for "wrecking his entire day", as he leaves.

After several job interviews, a manager at a local radio station (Paula Newsome) hires her as a switchboard operator, despite her lack of experience. On her first day, she inadvertently walks into a studio, and is mistaken for the station's new call in therapist. She is put on the air, and begins hesitantly talking with the show's callers. Upon completion of the show, the program director arrives, and fires Shirlee, along with the producer and engineer, who had put her on the air.

However, Shirlee's radio segment becomes in high demand with their audience, prompting the radio station boss, Mr. Perlman, to make Shirlee the new radio personality. Alan finds Shirlee and convinces her to do the show, offering an $800 per week contract. Shirlee accepts the position, but there is one condition: she must pretend to be a real clinical doctor.

She reluctantly accepts and becomes a popular radio figure as "Doctor Shirlee." Jack suspects something when he realizes the woman who was ready to risk her life for twenty dollars is a 'doctor'. Although his editor disagrees, Jack pursues the story. He begins to date Shirlee, initially in an attempt to get closer to uncover her story, but he soon falls for her. Her boyfriend from Arkansas arrives in Chicago to try to get her back, though his attempts fall short, and Shirlee and Jack make love.

As Jack has true feelings for her, he refuses to publish the story, resigning. However, Shirlee receives another visit from her ex, who tells her he remembered having previously met Jack in Arkansas, and that he was asking a number of questions about her. Shirlee realizes Jack is a reporter, and his interest may be purely to uncover her story. Storming off, she refuses to take his calls.

As Shirlee's popularity increases, a mishap involving some of her previous advice to a caller eventually causes her to confess the truth to everyone on air that she is not a real doctor, and she then leaves the show. Her listeners call in, wanting her back, regardless of her credentials. Someone calls in, suggesting everyone listening to honk their horns at midnight if they want Shirlee back. Jack tracks Shirlee down on the same bridge where they had first met and convinces her to take him back.

When she hears the horns, Jack tells her that they are for her. She eventually goes back to the radio show, but insists that she just wants to be called "Shirlee."

Cast
 Dolly Parton as Shirlee Kenyon
 James Woods as Jack Russell
 Griffin Dunne as Alan Riegert
 Michael Madsen as Steve
 Philip Bosco as Gene Perlman
 Jerry Orbach as Milo Jacoby
 Deirdre O'Connell as Lily
 John Sayles as Guy Girardi
 Teri Hatcher as Janice
 Spalding Gray as Dr. David Erdman
 Amy Morton as Ann
 Charles Fleischer as Tony
 Keith MacKechnie as Gordon
 Jay Thomas as "Zim" Zimmerman
 Paula Newsome as Ellen
 Tracy Letts as Sean
 John Gegenhuber as The Waiter
 Paul Dinello as Casey

Production
The vast majority of the film was shot in historic downtown Lemont, Illinois. The "Flank Center" building was used to house the dance sequence scenes in the beginning of the film. Both Dolly Parton and James Woods ate at local establishments during filming off times.

Most filming occurred in the early hours of the morning with the usage of high intensity floodlights to depict daytime. This was done to reduce interference with the general public who crowded the streets throughout the weeks of filming. The bar in the raining scene, Tom's Place, and the Barber Shop are still open with some small movie memorabilia.

Soundtrack
Parton composed ten original songs for the film soundtrack, including a re recording of her 1976 hit "Light of a Clear Blue Morning".

Reception
The film received mixed reviews, with much of the praise going to Parton and Woods's performances, while at the same time criticizing the story itself.

Box office
Straight Talk opened at the American box office at  4, grossing $4,575,746. The movie went on to earn a total gross of $21,202,099. The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 12, 1992, and opened at No. 1.

Home media
The film was released to VHS and laserdisc shortly after its theatrical release by Hollywood Pictures Home Video. A DVD release came from Hollywood Pictures Home Video in 2003. In 2011, Mill Creek Entertainment acquired the home video rights to the film, along with many others from Hollywood and Touchstone Pictures and released the film on DVD and Blu ray. Mill Creek's DVD of the film is available by itself, as part of a double-feature set with Big Business, and a triple feature set with Big Business and V.I. Warshawski.

References

External links

1992 films
Hollywood Pictures films
1992 romantic comedy films
Films set in Chicago
Films shot in Chicago
Films produced by Robert Chartoff
Films scored by Brad Fiedel
Films with screenplays by Patricia Resnick
American romantic comedy films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Barnet Kellman
1990s American films

Straight Talk