Nicholas Hugh Minchin  (born 15 April 1953) is an Australian former politician and former Australian Consul-General in New York, USA. He previously served as a Liberal member of the Australian Senate representing South Australia from July 1993 to June 2011, and a former cabinet minister in the Howard government.

Early life and education
Minchin was born in Sydney and was educated at the Australian National University, Canberra, where he gained degrees in law and economics. Minchin attended Knox Grammar School and spent a year in the United States as an exchange student with AFS International Scholarships.  While at university, he was a resident of Burgmann College at the same time as Peter Garrett. He was a solicitor before entering politics.

Political career

Minchin was a staff member for the Liberal Party's Federal Secretariat 1977–83, Deputy Federal Director of the Liberal Party in 1983, South Australian State Director and Campaign Director of the Liberal Party 1985–93. On 13 March 1993, Minchin was elected to the Australian Senate for South Australia, with his term starting on 1 July.

Minchin was a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry 1994–96, holding the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Opposition, John Howard. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister John Howard 1996–97, Special Minister of State and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister 1997–98, and Minister for Industry, Science and Resources 1998–2001, with a seat in the Cabinet.  He was Minister for Finance and Administration from November 2001 until the defeat of the Howard government at the 2007 federal election.  Until that election he also held the posts of Leader of the Government in the Senate and Vice-President of the Executive Council.

Minchin was a right faction leader in the Liberal Party, and supported the abolition of Australia's compulsory voting system, on the stated basis that "compulsory voting is a fundamental breach of ... civil liberties".  He supported states' rights in Cabinet. As Leader of the Government in the Senate he played a significant role in pursuing and defending its reforms of the Senate committee system, implemented in 2006 following his government's success in securing a majority of Senate seats at the 2004 election.

Retirement
Minchin announced on 24 March 2010 that he would not be contesting his Senate seat at the next Australian federal election. His term ended on 30 June 2011.  He also resigned his Opposition portfolios and addressed the media saying that: "I love politics. This is not an easy decision to make ... when something like that happens and when one of your children, quite frankly, has a near-death experience, it does make you reassess your life and your priorities". His son, Oliver was seriously injured in a boat accident while training with the Australian Defence Force Academy in February 2010.

After politics
On 14 February 2014 Minchin was appointed to the role of Australian Consul-General in New York, which he held until May 2017. His appointment followed the controversial termination of the Labor-appointed nominee to the position, Steve Bracks (the former Premier of Victoria), by the incoming Abbott government in September 2013.

In 2018 Minchin was appointed to a five-year term on the Foreign Investment Review Board.

Policy positions
Minchin has been a strong proponent of privatisation and wholesale labour market deregulation. He has defended the full privatisation of Telstra, and argued that the Commonwealth should sell its Telstra shares to buy a portfolio of other income-earning investments rather than spend the profits on national infrastructure.

In March 2006, Minchin received extensive media coverage when he highlighted the dilemma his government faced in the field of industrial relations and aired his views about future policy proposals. Speaking at a conference of the H. R. Nicholls Society where he told the audience that the coalition "knew its reform to WorkChoices were not popular but the process of change must continue", and that "there is still a long way to go... awards, the IR commission, all the rest of it...", he went on to say "The fact is the great majority of the Australian people do not support what we are doing on industrial relations. They violently disagree."

Tobacco
In 1995 Minchin submitted a dissenting Senate report on the tobacco industry and the costs of tobacco-related illness that disputed the committee's statements that it believes cigarettes are addictive and that passive smoking is harmful. Minchin claimed the tobacco industry was over-regulated. He also disagreed with the conclusions about the addictiveness of nicotine and the harmfulness of passive smoking:

A 2009 article in The Australian drew parallels between his stance on tobacco and his stance as a global warming denial.

In 2007, Minchin admitted to smoking cannabis at high school and university.

Climate change
In a March 2007 letter to the founder of Clean Up Australia, Ian Kiernan, Minchin expressed doubts that climate change was caused by human activity. In the letter, Minchin cited the writings of the Canadian newspaper columnist Lawrence Solomon, who in turn cited the disputed theories of Danish scientist Henrik Svensmark. Minchin said that the ETS bill was "the work of madman" and an "abomination", and observed that "Mr Rudd's arrogance and vanity in wanting to lead the world in cutting CO2 emissions is really sickening".

Minchin campaigned against an emissions trading scheme (ETS) bill.

On 22 September 2008, the parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party, Malcolm Turnbull, appointed Minchin as Shadow Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, and Leader of the Opposition in the Senate. Minchin had been previously Shadow Minister for Defence.<ref>Nelson unveiling his new look ministry , 'LiveNews.com.au, 6 November 2007</ref> However, on 26 November 2009, Minchin resigned from the shadow cabinet in protest at Turnbull's position on the government's emissions trading scheme.

Turnbull later stated on ABC Radio that, according to Minchin, "the world is not warming, it's cooling and the climate change issue is part of a vast left-wing conspiracy to deindustrialise the world".

 Nuclear fuel cycle
As Minister for Industry Science and Resources (1998-2001), Minchin became the first Commonwealth minister to have had responsibility for the entire nuclear fuel cycle. Activity at this time included uranium mining, management of Australia's only nuclear reactor and the management of radioactive waste. During this period, Minchin approved the Beverley uranium mine in South Australia, commissioned a replacement research reactor at Lucas Heights and identified a future site for a national radioactive waste repository. In his valedictory speech, Minchin reflected on this period, saying:"Responsibility for all matters radioactive was certainly testing... I failed in my responsibility to establish a national radioactive waste repository in the central north of South Australia, one of the best sites in the world for such a facility."

Personal life
Nick Minchin is a distant cousin of Australian comedian Tim Minchin. His wife, Kerry Wakefield, is a journalist and blogger who writes for The Spectator and is on the advisory council of Advance Australia. They married in 1984, having met while she was working in the Canberra press gallery when her boyfriend was Peter Garrett.

References

Bibliography
Minchin, N. (1996) 'A Denial of Rights, A Detriment to Democracy', The Parliamentarian'', 77(3) :  244–248.

1953 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate
Australian monarchists
Members of the Australian Senate for South Australia
People educated at Knox Grammar School
Politicians from Sydney
Australian National University alumni
Consuls-General of Australia in New York
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians

Nick Minchin


James Noel (born 18 October 1982) is a British professional basketball player and professor of English literature. He played for the Wolverhampton Wolves and Plymouth Raiders in the British Basketball League (BBL).

Born in Catford, London, to a Jamaican mother, Noel was educated at the Masters College in California. The 6'7 power forward returned to England in 2006 to sign with rookie professional outfit Worcester Wolves in the BBL. Despite the Wolves' dismal season, where they ended with a 4–32 record and a last-place finish, Noel shone through as a revelation recruit. Averaging 26.48 minutes per game, Noel posted 8.57 points and 7.96 rebounds in his first season out of college.

Noel finished seventh in the Floor Shooting percentages table, with a tally of 54.19%, which raised awareness amongst rival coaches in the league. Plymouth Raiders head coach Gary Stronach was the quickest to react and immediately signed him during the 2007 close-season. Although initially signed as a back-up forward to Raiders' 2007 MVP Gaylon Moore, Noel displayed his tough play and strong hustle whenever he got the chance and soon forced his way up the pecking-order on Raiders' deep bench.

Noel is a published author. He was a contributing author to the 2003 anthology, Open My Eyes, Open My Soul: Celebrating Our Common Humanity, co-created by Elodia Tate and Yolanda King, daughter of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King.  He is also the author and creator of the Boris Basketball And Friends, a series of children's books.

Noel is a professor English literature at Los Medanos College in California.

References

1982 births
Living people
Basketball players from Greater London
British Basketball League players
British men's basketball players
English people of Jamaican descent
People from Catford
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Lewisham
Plymouth Raiders players
The Master's Mustangs men's basketball players
Worcester Wolves players
Power forwards (basketball)

James Noel (basketball)


Nile Warren Soik (May 2, 1923 – August 3, 2001) was an American politician, United States military officer, and educator.

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Soik graduated from Riverside University High School. He then graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1945 and served in the United States Army. Soik received his master's degree in business administration from University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1951 and his doctorate degree at Cornell University. Soik was a trainer in the human resource department at Allen-Bradley. He also taught at Milwaukee School of Engineering, Lakeland College, Marquette University, Milwaukee Area Technical College, and Cardinal Stritch University. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1961-1969 as a Republican and then in the Wisconsin State Senate in 1969–1973. He died in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin.

Notes

External links
Memorials-United States Military Academy-Nile W. Soik-1945

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1923 births
2001 deaths
Politicians from Milwaukee
Military personnel from Milwaukee
United States Military Academy alumni
Cornell University alumni
Wisconsin School of Business alumni
Marquette University faculty
Businesspeople from Milwaukee
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American businesspeople

Nile Soik


Steyning is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is west of the smaller villages of Bramber and Upper Beeding. It is not far north from Lancing and Shoreham-by-Sea on the South Coast. Steyning has a high street with many shops, ranging from the Co-op to Sussex Produce. There is a primary school, secondary school and a sixth form. There is a bed and breakfast hotel called, Springwells.

Towns in West Sussex

Steyning


Vysoké Mýto Regional Museum () covers history of the area around the town Vysoké Mýto, Czech Republic.

History
In 1871, a town councilor began a collection of coins and paintings, gifts from local citizens, and put them in a room in the town hall for public viewing. Initial interest in the collection faded, but six years later a young architect, Josef Škorpil, re-initiated the project. Volunteers gathered antiquities from the area and exhibited them locally and country wide. In 1912, the collections were moved into a house bought by the museum.

During reorganisation in 1960, the museum was transformed into an official county museum. It was professionalized, expanded, and its collections underwent expert processing. Later, the museum expanded into two other historical houses.

Exhibitions and activities
The main building of the museum hosts most of the exhibitions, including an archeological and artistic-industrial collection, a collection of citizens' portraits, and sections on ethnography and history of craft and guilds. The Prague Gate (Pražská brána), a remainder of the city fortification from the 14th century, hosts the permanent exhibition of pictures documenting changes in Vysoké Mýto since the first half of 19th century.

The Baroque areal Vraclav (about 6 km from the Vysoké Mýto, in the village of Vraclav) includes St. Nicholas' Church, a spa and a hermitage. The areal hosts an exhibition about the history of the community. In the church there is a collection of wooden polychromed Baroque plastics, created around 1740.

Among the available collections (80 thousand collection items totally) are: a numismatic collection; a collection of old printings; Czech National Revival literature; textiles, glass, and ceramics; graphics, iconographics, and photography collections. The museum also owns a historical car "Aero 50 Dynamik", one of the seven luxury cars produced in Vysoké Mýto in 1939–1941.

The museum participates in cultural life of the town by organizing lectures, balls and concerts. The main building is open year except Mondays; the two other locations are open from May to September.

References

External links
 Museum website

Vysoké Mýto
Museums in the Pardubice Region
History museums in the Czech Republic
Museums established in 1871
1871 establishments in Austria-Hungary

Vysoké Mýto Regional Museum


Geoff Barton (born July 1955) is a British journalist who founded the heavy metal magazine Kerrang! and was an editor of Sounds music magazine.

He joined Sounds at the age of 19 after completing a journalism course at the London College of Printing. He specialised in covering rock music and helped popularise the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) after using the term for the first time (after editor Alan Lewis coined it) in the May 1979 issue of Sounds. In 1981 he edited the first issue of Kerrang!, which was published as a one off. This was successful so it became a fortnightly magazine. He left the magazine in 1995.

Barton's articles for Sounds which covered the NWOBHM helped to create the sense that an actual movement was taking place, and in a sense helped to create one in the process. Barton recalls: "The phrase New Wave of British Heavy Metal was this slightly tongue-in-cheek thing...I didn't really feel that any of these bands were particularly linked in a musical way, but it was interesting that so many of them should then be emerging at more or less the same time."
He currently works for Classic Rock.

References

British male journalists
Living people
British magazine editors
1955 births

Geoff Barton


Ksenia Ivanovna Monko (; born 8 February 1992) is a former competitive ice dancer for Russia. Alongside Kirill Khaliavin, she is the 2011 World Junior champion, a two-time (2009–10, 2010–11) Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and the 2015 Russian national silver medalist.

Personal life
Ksenia Ivanovna Monko was born 8 February 1992 in Kirov, Kirov Oblast. She is the younger sister of Russian ice dancer Maria Monko. Ksenia married Kirill Khaliavin on 10 June 2017 in Kirov, Russia. Their son was born in October of 2020.

In February of 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Monko and her family relocated indefinitely to Spain.

Career

Early career
Ksenia Monko began skating at age four and switched to ice dance early, at age five. Her first coach was Svetlana Tamrieva.

Monko teamed up with Khaliavin in 2000. They trained in Kirov before problems with ice time led them to move to Rostov in 2005. They relocated with their coach to Moscow in May 2009.

During the 2009–10 season, they won the Junior Grand Prix Final and the Russian Junior title. They took the bronze at the 2010 World Junior Championships.

During the 2010–11 season, Monko/Khaliavin won their second JGP Final title, and followed that up with their second Russian Junior title. They won gold at the 2011 World Junior Championships.

Senior career
Monko/Khaliavin moved up to the senior level for the 2011–12 season. They were assigned to compete at 2011 Skate America and 2011 Cup of China as their Grand Prix events but Khaliavin fell ill with mononucleosis in September. They withdrew from both Grand Prix events but returned to competition at the Russian Championships where they finished 5th.

In February 2012, Monko/Khaliavin switched coaches to Alexander Zhulin and Oleg Volkov. They finished 6th at the 2012 Rostelecom Cup and 4th at the 2013 Russian Championships. They joined the Russian team to the 2013 World Team Trophy, replacing Ekaterina Bobrova / Dmitri Soloviev who withdrew due to injury. Monko/Khaliavin finished 3rd at the event and Team Russia finished 4th overall. The duo withdrew from the exhibitions after Khaliavin developed an infection resulting in a high fever.

In the 2013–14 season, Monko/Khaliavin won silver at the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy, behind Americans Madison Hubbell / Zachary Donohue, and then bronze at the 2013 International Cup of Nice. Their Grand Prix results were sixth at the 2013 Trophée Eric Bompard and fifth at the 2013 Rostelecom Cup. After placing fifth at the 2014 Russian Championships, they were not selected for the Olympics.

For the 2014–15 Grand Prix season, Monko/Khaliavin placed fourth at 2014 Skate Canada International and second at 2014 NHK Trophy. They went on to place second at the 2015 Russian Championships. They finished 10th at the 2015 European Championships and eighth at the 2015 World Championships.

For the 2015–16 Grand Prix, Monko/Khaliavin started their season by finishing fourth at 2015 Skate Canada International, they withdrew from their second assignment at the 2015 Rostelecom Cup due to Monko's injury. In 2016, she retired from competition due to the injury.

Programs
With Khaliavin

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Khaliavin

References

External links

Russian female ice dancers
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kirov, Kirov Oblast
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade

Ksenia Monko


Philip Horne (born 1957) is a teacher and literary critic specializing in 19th century literature, particularly Henry James and Charles Dickens. Educated at King's College School and Cambridge University, he is currently Professor of English at University College London.

Horne has authored or edited a number of book about Henry James. In 1990 he published Henry James and Revision: The New York Edition, a careful study of the extensive revisions James made in his novels and tales for the many-volumed but ill-fated New York Edition (1907-1909). He published a related article, Henry James at Work: The Question of Our Texts, as part of the 1998 collection of essays, The Cambridge Companion to Henry James edited by Jonathan Freedman. Horne generally favors the late revisions that James made in his fiction, and in his Cambridge Companion essay he emphasizes the importance for the critic of complete acquaintance with the various texts of a James novel or tale:

The serious critic of a fiction by James not only needs to know about its main recent critics, I would argue, but also its early critical history, its critical reception, and James' own remarks about it in the Prefaces and letters. As I have suggested, James's revisions and adaptations can be seen as part of the critical dossier.

Horne has edited two editions of James' works: A London Life and The Reverberator (1989) and The Tragic Muse (1995). Not surprisingly he used the New York Edition texts for all these works, and he included extensive textual notes. Horne has also published an epistolary biography of James, Henry James: A Life in Letters (1999). The book used 296 of James' letters as the framework for a biography that concentrated on the novelist's professional career. Approximately half the letters were previously unpublished. As usual, Horne wrote thorough textual notes on the letters.

Horne published an edition of Oliver Twist in 2003, and has written on such varied topics as telephones and literature, zombies and consumer culture, and the texts of Emily Dickinson. His research interests include the films of Alfred Hitchcock and Martin Scorsese, and publishing history.

References
 A London Life and The Reverberator by Henry James, edited by Philip Horne, Oxford University Press 1989
 The Tragic Muse by Henry James, edited by Philip Horne, Penguin Classics 1995
 The Cambridge Companion to Henry James edited by Jonathan Freedman, Cambridge University Press 1998
 Henry James: A Life in Letters edited by Philip Horne, Viking Adult 1999

External links
 Philip Horne's page at the University College London web site
 Henry James and the Masks of Life by Philip Horne
 Philip Horne discusses British film director Thorold Dickinson
 Philip Horne's review of David Lodge's novel about Henry James, Author, Author
 Philip Horne's interview with Ruth Prawer Jhabvala on the film version of The Golden Bowl

English literary critics
People educated at King's College School, London
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of University College London
1957 births

Philip Horne


Sushil Kumar (15 June 1926 – 22 April 1994) was a Jain teacher and monk (later Acharya). He was a self-realized master who devoted more than 50 years to promoting non-violence, peace and knowledge of the self.

Guruji (as he is lovingly called by many of his devotees) was born on June 15, 1926, in Sikhopur, a small foothill village in Haryana, India. The village was later named  Sushilgarh in Guruji's honor. As a seven year old he left his home to live with Shri Chotelalji Maharaj, who later become his religious guru.

When Guruji was still a young boy, Shri Roop Chandji Maharaj appeared to him in his spirit and told him to become a monk. (MAHARAJ was a great yogi and enlightened master in the family of monks to which Guruji belongs. He left his body 100 years  ago. Shri Roop Chandji Maharaj is Guruji's Spiritual guru). In this life, Guruji was not taught yogic systems from any master. His knowledge was realised  through direct experience, and his powers were awakened through the grace  of past lives. When he was 15 years old he became a Jain muni (monk) in Swetamber Sthanakwasi sect.

During his academic career in India, he passed through a number of examinations such as Shastri, Acharya, Sahitya-Ratna, Vidya-Ratna, etc., and mastered the classical studies of Indian religious and yogic philosophies.

His primary ashram in North America, Siddhachalam, located in Blairstown, New Jersey, was established in 1983. He was among the founding fathers of American Jainism.

Although he was ordained as a monk in the Sthānakavāsī Jain tradition, he regarded himself to be non-sectarian. In 1979, he formed Arhat Sangh, a syncretic, non-sectarian group within Jainism.

In 1992, a seeker went to Siddhachalam, Kumar's ashram in the US.  The seeker politely declined to refer to Kumar as "His Holiness."  This angered Kumar, and he had his UN liaison (Babbah by name) tell the seeker to leave, claiming Siddhachalam was getting too crowded.  The seeker concluded that Kumar was a spiritual charlatan.

In 1994, the seeker went to a nearby park, found a frog, took it home, and killed it in order to defy Kumar's value system.  He inadvertently tortured the frog in the process.  Kumar died in severe pain around that time.  Many familiar with the incident considered this as evidence that karma is real.

Life
Sushil Kumar was born into a Brahmin household.  As a Jain monk, he traveled on foot thousands of miles across the length and breadth of India.  He represented the Sthānakavāsī Jain tradition in the making of Saman Suttam, a compilation of Jain principles that was acceptable to all sects of Jainism.  He discovered and mastered the secrets of sounds behind the Namokar Mantra, an auspicious rendering that is central to Jains and wrote a book on the subject, Song of the Soul.

For hundreds of years and as long as historical records are available, Jain monks did not use any mechanical means for travel. However, on June 17, 1975, Kumar made the decision to travel outside India by aircraft. He said he was prodded in meditation to do so by the 12 C Acharya, Dadaguru Manidhari Jinchandra Suriji Maharaj. Dadaguru asked him to travel to faraway lands to spread Bhagwan Mahavir's message of ahimsa (non-injury) and anekantavada (belief that no one has a monopoly on truth). This act allowed other Jain monks and nuns to begin using mechanical means of travel, including outside India. The decision caused some controversy in the Jain community.
He has traveled and taught extensively, spreading the message of non-violence and self-awareness.  He has founded many ashrams and centres in the East and West.

During his travels, Kumar helped found many organizations and communities across the globe that engage in promoting ahimsa and anekantavad. One of the principal organizations he founded in North America was the International Mahavira Jain Mission which manages the ashram Siddhachalam that he founded in New Jersey. Siddhachalam is regarded as the first tirtha (site of pilgrimage) outside India.

On March 1, 1980, Sushil Kumar was declared an "Acharya" (master) of Arhat Sangh of the Jain church.

Guruji was  a master of meditation and the science of sound. His teaching system is called Arhum Yoga. It is an ancient system of the mastery of the inner self through watchfulness and direct perception. Arhum yoga encompasses all aspects of philosophy and yogic practice in the Arihant spiritual tradition.

Kumar gained wide recognition as a fountain of wisdom, truth and understanding. He actively promoted peace and harmony throughout India and played a role of peacemaker for conflicting religious groups. He had a strong willed, forceful and articulate personality. An area in which he worked unceasingly was to establish universal brotherhood amongst religious groups of India. At the time of strife in the state of Punjab, he motivated the Sikh leader Master Tara Singh to participate in an open and peaceful dialogue with the government. When Pope John Paul's visit to India was strongly opposed, he spoke in favor of the Pope's visit. His warmth helped the country welcome the Pope. In 1986, he brought Punjab's Akali Leader Sant Longowal and India's Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi together to reach an accord to end Punjab conflicts and attempts of some to cause Punjab to secede from India. Trusted by both the terrorists and the government, he helped bring about peace in Punjab through the Rajiv–Longowal Accord. His efforts to bring peace in the Punjab during the early 1980s gained wide attention.  Later, in 1992, he was actively involved in promoting dialogue between Muslim and Hindu factions during the Ayodhya dispute.

Acharya Sushil Kumar had a vision of an earth united in the pursuit of ahimsa, peace and brotherhood.  In 1957, he convened a World Religions Conference with more than 1200 representatives from 27 countries and 500,000 people in attendance. His work was not limited to creating religious harmony; he also received acclaim for his pioneering work in the fields of animal and environmental protection. In 1966, he initiated India's cow protection movement to signify protection of the weakest.

From 1954 to 1994, Sushil Kumar organized and presided over several World Religions Conferences which were attended, among others, by then Presidents and Prime Ministers of India, including Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. Radhakrishnan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Fakkruddin Ali Ahmed, Zail Singh and  Indira Gandhi. He also organized several International Jain Conferences which too adopted resolutions of non-violence, peaceful co-existence and reverence to all life forms.

In 1982, Guruji inspired the leaders of eight nations to submit a memorandum demanding peace through non-violence to the Secretary General of the United Nations. He stressed that peace through non-violence alone will ensure the sanctity of human life as well as extend protection to animal life and the environment. Guruji and his devotees rallied along with a million other individuals in New York City in support of the memorandum.

In August 1989, Sushil Kumar was invited to inaugurate and preside over the World Hindu Conference in Britain. Since the Hindus regarded him as one of their spiritual leaders, they enthusiastically embraced his notion of Ahimsa (Non-Violence) and vowed to join him in propagating the virtues of meditation, vegetarianism and unity. That same year, Guruji addressed the World Conference of Religions for Peace in Melbourne, Australia. Advocating the dire need to protect the animal kingdom and our natural environment, he explained that all living beings equally share the right to life. In 1988, Guruji was a distinguished speaker at Vishwa Hindu Sangh Conference held in Nepal, where once again he made moving speeches. In 1990, Guruji was an honored guest at the Global Conference for Human Survival in Moscow. More than 1200 individuals from 70 countries traveled to the USSR to take part in this historic gathering and were present to participate in Guruji's meditation and to listen to his views on the need for non-violence, including Mikhail Gorbachev.  The two discussed various issues relating to the establishment of world peace and global co-operation. In 1991 he traveled to Iran in an attempt to persuade Saddam Hussein to adopt a peaceful resolution to the Gulf Crisis. Although poor roads and the prevailing war conditions prevented him from entering Iraq, Guruji was widely recognized and appreciated for his valiant efforts to stop the Gulf War. At the World Parliament of Religions conference at Chicago in 1993, he delivered the keynote address where he emphasized the need to create a charter of Animal Rights for ecological balance, a key to human survival.

Siddhachalam, a Jain ashram he founded in the U.S., draws pilgrims from around the world. In 1982, the International Mahavir Jain Mission founded by him became affiliated with the United Nations and the concept of Ahimsa was adopted at the Sacred Earth Gathering as a core principle for protecting all forms of life. At the Sacred Earth Gathering held on the sidelines of the 1992 Earth Summit, the World Movement of Non-Violence for Peace and Environment was launched in Rio with Guruji serving as a founding President along with Dr. Robert Muller. That same year, a Jain Studies Department was initiated at Columbia University, New York, and a Jain "Chair" established at  Toronto University in Canada under his inspiration. A Jain Encyclopedia was also incorporated into the Hindu Encyclopedia (Macmillan Press).

Sushil Kumar inspired the founding of many spiritual organizations, including the World Fellowship of Religions (1957) and the Vishwa Ahimsa Sangh (1957). The 25' Centenary Celebration of the 24th  Tirthankara of Jainism, Lord Mahavir, was convened by him in India. He also founded the  International Mahavir Mission (1977), the World Jain Congress (1981) and the World Center of Non-Violence. He was the Honorary President of the World Conference of Religions for Peace, the director of the Temple of Understanding, a Founding Member of the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival, President of the Punjab Peace Unity Committee, President of the Ram Janambhoomi-Babri Masjid Solution Committee and a Founding Member of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. His aim was uniting the world in a State of Ahimsa.

Wherever he journeyed around the world, he was sought after for his wisdom, his loving and childlike simplicity, and for his love and brotherhood. He was known to engage in deep meditation for days at a sitting and easily traverse time, space and lives.  He attained samadhi (left his worldly body) on the 22 April 1994 in New Delhi.

References

Jain acharyas
Indian Jain monks
20th-century Indian Jains
20th-century Jain monks
20th-century Indian monks
1926 births
1994 deaths

Sushil Kumar (Jain monk)


Eleanor of Portugal (18 September 1434 – 3 September 1467) was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. A Portuguese infanta (princess), daughter of King Edward of Portugal and his wife Eleanor of Aragon, she was the consort of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III and the mother of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I.

Background

Eleanor was born in Torres Vedras on 18 September 1434, one of the nine children of King Edward of Portugal and Eleanor of Aragon. She was the third eldest daughter, but her two older sisters died when they were young, leaving Eleanor as the eldest surviving daughter.

When her father died five days before her fourth birthday, Eleanor's brother Afonso V succeeded him as king with her mother as regent. The following March, her mother gave birth to another daughter, Joan, who would become the notorious wife of Henry IV of Castile.

In 1440, Eleanor's mother was forced to go into exile in Castile after losing litigation against her brother-in-law Peter, Duke of Coimbra, for the regency of the young King Afonso. She left Eleanor behind, because she was ill at the time.

Empress

Eleanor's marriage partner was likely suggested by her aunt Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy. Arrangements were made by Eleanor's maternal uncle Alfonso V, King of Aragon and Naples, who, in 1448, sent artists from his court to paint Eleanor.  Eleanor was also suggested as a marriage partner for Louis, Dauphin of France, the eldest son of King Charles VII, but she herself preferred to marry Frederick, because a match with him would give her the title of empress instead of queen. The practical negotiations were made in Naples and completed in 1451. During the sea travel, the fleet escorting Eleanor to Italy was tormented by pirates and storms, and there were rumours that she had been lost at sea. Eleanor and Frederick met in Sienna: Frederick was said to have paled when he saw her, partly out of excitement for her beauty, but also out of worry that she would have troubles giving birth because of her slender and frail appearance. The marriage took place in Rome.  Upon her coronation, she was also given the name Helena, but she never used this name. The festivities were hosted by her uncle, the king of Naples.

Eleanor and Frederick were dissimilar and never happy. She was an ambitious and willful woman who frequently participated in intrigues, whereas the emperor was a sober and uninspiring man. Her interest in dancing, gambling and hunting was not shared by Frederick, and their relationship was affected by their differences. Frederick sent Eleanor's vast Portuguese entourage home after the wedding because of the cost, and she suffered from homesickness; he also blamed her for causing the death of several of their children by letting them eat Portuguese food, and therefore took over the upbringing of the remaining children entirely for himself. During a period of siege in Vienna, when people were forced to eat rats, cats and dogs, she was known for trying to cheer people up. In historical writings, there is a sense that Eleanor was taken from a splendid, extravagant and luxurious court in Portugal to a cultural wasteland in Vienna because of her spouse's strict economic sense.

Marriage and children

On 16 March 1452 in Rome, she married the German King Frederick III, and the two were crowned emperor and empress three days later, on 19 March 1452, by Pope Nicholas V at St. Peter's Basilica. Her dowry was used by her husband to alleviate his financial problems and cement his power. Frederick III was the last emperor to be crowned in Rome.

During her marriage to Frederich III, she had five children:

 Archduke Christoph (16 November 145521 March 1456)
 Archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor) (22 March 145912 January 1519)
 Archduchess Helena (3 November 146028 February 1461)
 Archduchess Kunigunde (16 March 14656 August 1520), married Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
 Archduke Johannes (9 August 146610 February 1467)

Eleanor died in Wiener Neustadt on 3 September 1467 and is buried in the Neukloster, the Cistercian monastery of that same city, where her tombstone may be seen.

References

 Sigrid-Maria Größing, AEIOU - Glück und Unglück im österreichischen Kaiserhaus, Verlag Amalthea,

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1434 births
1467 deaths
15th-century House of Habsburg
15th-century German women
15th-century Portuguese people
15th-century Portuguese women
15th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
Austrian royal consorts
Burials in Wiener Neustadt, Austria
Daughters of kings
Holy Roman Empresses
House of Aviz
People from Wiener Neustadt
People from Torres Vedras
Portuguese infantas
Portuguese people of English descent

Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress


Duke Xuan of Chen (; reigned 692 BC – died 648 BC) was the sixteenth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Spring and Autumn period. His ancestral surname was Gui, given name Chujiu (杵臼), and Xuan (宣) was his posthumous name.

Accession to the throne
Chujiu was a younger son of Duke Huan of Chen, whose brother Chen Tuo murdered Chujiu's eldest brother Crown Prince Mian and usurped the throne in 707 BC. The army of the neighbouring State of Cai killed Chen Tuo in 706 BC and installed Duke Li of Chen, another brother of Chujiu, on the throne.

Duke Li reigned for seven years and died in 700 BC. However, it was his younger brother Lin (Duke Zhuang) who succeeded him, instead of his son Chen Wan. After Duke Zhuang's death in 693 BC, Chujiu succeeded his brother as ruler of Chen, to be known as Duke Xuan.

Reign
In 689 BC, Chen, together with the states of Lu, Song, and Cai, joined the major state of Qi to attack the state of Wey, in order to restore Duke Hui of Wey to the throne.

In 676 BC, King Hui of Zhou married a princess of Chen, who became known as Queen Hui of Zhou.

Duke Xuan's original heir apparent was Crown Prince Yukou. However, in 672 BC, the 21st year of his reign, Duke Xuan's favourite concubine gave birth to a son named Kuan. Duke Xuan killed Yukou and made Kuan his new heir apparent. Yukou was close to Duke Li's son Chen Wan. Afraid that his life was also in danger, Chen Wan fled to the State of Qi in the northeast. Duke Huan of Qi made Chen Wan an official in charge of manufacturing, and Chen Wan established the Chen (later known as Tian) clan in Qi. The Chen clan of Qi would grow increasingly powerful over the centuries, and eventually usurped the Qi throne.

In 656 BC, the hegemon Duke Huan of Qi led an alliance of eight states to attack the states of Cai and Chu in the south. Chen was part of the alliance. The allied forces routed Cai, but returned without fighting the Chu. The Qi army needed to cross Chen territory on its way home. Yuan Taotu, a minister of Chen, was worried that the Qi army would demand resources from Chen and suggested to Duke Huan that the army take an eastern route through the Dongyi territory. Duke Huan agreed, but later discovered his intent and arrested him. Qi then proceeded to attack Chen as punishment.

Duke Xuan reigned for 45 years and died in 648 BC. He was succeeded by his son Kuan, posthumously known as Duke Mu of Chen.

References

Bibliography

Monarchs of Chen (state)
7th-century BC Chinese monarchs
648 BC deaths

Duke Xuan of Chen


The Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center at the Levin College of Law is part of the library system at the University of Florida. The Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center contains legal research materials supporting the study of state, federal, and international law. Notable collection areas housed by the library include materials on and relating to Florida law, United States federal taxation, and the British Commonwealth.

2005 renovation
Finishing its renovation in 2005, the Legal Information Center was renovated and renamed as the Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center in honor of the late Lawton Chiles. Chiles was an alumnus of the University of Florida, earning his law degree from the Levin College of Law in 1955. He was a former governor of Florida as well as a United States senator serving the Sunshine State.

The law library was recently moved to an expanded facility which doubled its size. Following the $25 million renovation, the law library is the largest academic law library in the Southeastern United States and amongst the top twenty in the United States. The law library now contains hundreds of thousands of books and microforms and includes rare historical texts relevant to the legal history of the United States.

Using the Library
The Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center is not only the academic law library for the University of Florida, it is also a public facility. The University of Florida Legal Information Center in Holland Hall is open to the public. However, only UF students, faculty and staff have borrowing privileges, but any member of the public may use the resources in the library. Members of the Florida Bar may apply for Legal Information Center borrowing privileges with a valid Florida Bar card and driver's license.

See also
University of Florida
University of Florida Levin College of Law
Lawton Chiles
Buildings at the University of Florida

References

External links
Official website for the Library
Pictures of the Library
State of Florida info
About the renovation
Remembering Lawton Chiles
About all UF Libraries
Historical overview

University of Florida
University and college academic libraries in the United States
Libraries in Florida
Federal depository libraries
2005 establishments in Florida
Libraries established in 2005

Lawton Chiles Legal Information Center


Alzek Misheff (Bulgarian: Алцек Мишев) (October 8, 1940) is a popular Bulgarian-Italian artist born in Dupnica, Bulgaria. Misheff graduated in 1966 with a degree in painting from the Academy of Fine Arts in Sofia. In 1971 he left Bulgaria for Italy where he currently lives and works in Milan, Italy.

Misheff is named after the Medieval Bulgar leader Alcek who led the Bulgars to Italy and settled in the area of Benevento.

Career
He is well known in the international art world for the project Swimming Across The Atlantic, which was executed in the swimming pool of the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1982 while traveling on the route between London and New York. In the book Europa-America - The different avant-gardes produced by Franco Maria Ricci in 1976, Achille Bonito Oliva inserts Misheff between the more 30 avant-garde artists in Europe. Between his more meaningful performances Music of the sky, concert-installation of 1979 in the Public square of the Dome of Milan. Replicated in 1979 in Mills College of San Francisco and University of California Irvine (near Los Angeles).

He was invited to the Venice Biennial  2000, where he realized Proliferating Truth of Sentiment  (Proliferante verità del sentimento): dived in full transparent water cylinder he has played with Lightning II (an infrared controller) and he has directed his quintet "The Swimmers".
In May 2005, at the Pavilion of Contemporary Art of Milan (PAC), he directed  his "Concert for Stradivari violin, pianoforte Disklavier and quartet of mobilephones-violins" with the violinist Eugene Sarbu, Paganini prize winner.

He was invited for the second time to the Venice Biennial in 2007, with Chalk portrait music of Joseph Beuys, then in sept. 16 in the same year the closing concert ''Harmonia mundi per Joseph Beuys" with the "Orchestra italiana di flauti" (Italian flute Orchestra).

Current projects
Currently he works at the Octavia Thea Studio which is located in Milan, Italy.

References

External links
 Official artist site

Living people
1940 births
Bulgarian male artists
Italian artists
Bulgarian emigrants to Italy
People from Dupnitsa

Alzek Misheff


Dawn Angeliqué Richard (born August 5, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter. She started her career after auditioning for Making the Band 3 in 2004. During this time, Richard became a member of girl band Danity Kane, from 2005 to 2009, and reformed the group with 3 of the original 5 members in late 2013. In 2009, Richard joined the duo Dirty Money with fellow singer-songwriter Kalenna Harper, and label boss Sean "Diddy" Combs to form Diddy – Dirty Money. With the group, they released the highly successful album Last Train to Paris, as well as two additional mixtapes before their disbandment in 2012.

In 2011, following her departure from Bad Boy Records, Richard began her career as a solo artist, performing first as DΔWN, more recently as DAWN. Her debut album Goldenheart was released on January 15, 2013, by Our Dawn Entertainment; it received universal acclaim from music critics. In 2015 Richard's second album Blackheart peaked at number two on Billboard's
Dance/Electronic charts. On November 18, 2016, Richard released the final installation to her album trilogy, Redemption. In April 2021, Richard released her sixth studio album Second Line through Merge Records and Entertainment One, to critical acclaim. She also played the main role in the erotic action thriller "Kinky."

Early life
Richard is of Louisiana Creole and Haitian descent and was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She has one brother. She later moved to Baltimore, Maryland due to being displaced following Hurricane Katrina. Music has played an influential part in her life since early childhood. Her father is Frank Richard, former lead singer and percussionist of the popular funk/soul band Chocolate Milk. Her mother owned a dancing school where Richard spent much of her childhood developing her choreography and singing skills, but currently works at a school in Baltimore, Maryland.

Early in her teens, Richard began performing with a local New Orleans group called "Realiti". Discovered as a solo artist by Kemic A. Smothers at a 2004 live performance at Tipitina's Uptown in New Orleans, Richard was soon signed under the name "Dawn Angelique" to an exclusive recording contract/development deal with Octarve Anderson, Jr. and his Atlanta independent record label, Yeah! Brother Records. Recording in Los Angeles, Atlanta and New Orleans, Richard and Yeah! Brother records, along with platinum awarded production team The NexMen, Rochad Holiday and Curtis "Sauce" Wilson, crafted a studio solo album called Been a While, featuring the single "So What" which was co-produced by Ne-Yo. Yeah! Brother Records and its New Orleans management company, Scratch Entertainment, headed by Kemic A. Smothers, Esq., agreed after negotiations with Sean "Diddy" Combs of Bad Boy Records, to postpone release of the album while arranging an immediate release from her exclusive recording contract with Yeah! Brother Records.  Although it had no releases and did not chart, the studio album Been a While was still good enough to secure her a spot as the opening act for Anthony Hamilton in Tallahassee, Florida. During the recording of the album, she focused on touring and live performances, dance, and becoming an NBA cheerleader for the New Orleans Hornets while attending the University of New Orleans.

Career

2005–2009: Making the Band 3 and Danity Kane

Richard's "big break" came in 2005 when she auditioned for the MTV show Making the Band 3 in Orlando, where she was chosen to compete for a spot in Combs' future girl group. After the negotiated release from her contract with Yeah! Brother Records, she elevated her career by signing with Bad Boy Worldwide Entertainment. She beat out numerous contestants to secure herself a spot, along with Aubrey O'Day, Aundrea Fimbres, Wanita Woodgett (now known as "D. Woods"), and Shannon Bex.

The newly formed group became Danity Kane. The idea for the name came from one of Richard's drawings. An avid fan of manga, while Danity Kane was in the studio, Richard drew a female superhero which caught the attention of Combs. When asked what the character's name was, she replied, "Danity Kane". To Combs, this represented the girls of Making the Band 3. He then decided that it should be the name of the group. The name and story were first introduced during Danity Kane's Total Request Live appearance on June 14, 2006.

Richard has also remixed a song with London-based artist Cherri V, titled "Fast Car". The song has since become one of the most listened to songs on Cherri V's MySpace page.

Early in 2008, a song called "Phase" was leaked onto the Internet and featured Lil Wayne. Although it was buzzed as a Danity Kane track, only Richard's voice was featured on the song, which caused speculation that it was a solo demo. In July 2008, two new tracks were released onto the internet, one called "Rush Love" which featured Flo Rida, and another called "Strobe Light", written by Mary Brown and produced by Chad Beatz (Tastemaker Music). It is still unknown if this was part of a future solo endeavor.

During an MTV News break, it was stated that Richard was working on an untitled comic book. Richard also said in an interview that she would be releasing a soundtrack for the Danity Kane comic book, to be released in March 2009. Included would be the leaked track "Falls Away".

On January 27, 2009, Richard confirmed to MTV News in an interview that Danity Kane had completely split up. In the same interview, she said that she still considered herself a member of Danity Kane (along with Aundrea Fimbres), and had hopes that each girl would be willing to work as a group again.

On the April 16, 2009, episode of Making the Band, Combs revealed that he had released O'Day and Woods, along with Bex, from their contracts, and would be releasing Fimbres as well. He told Richard that she would stay on the label and that if there were any future plans for a new Danity Kane, she would be the only returning member. However, on the April 23, 2009, finale of the series, Combs stated that all five original members would be returning if he ever decides to reunite the group.

2009–2011: Diddy-Dirty Money and The Prelude to a Tell Tale Heart

In 2009, Richard began working with Bad Boy Records, writing for artist Cassie and Combs himself. Soon after Danity Kane's breakup, Richard was featured in a commercial for the opposition of California's Prop 8. Richard became a member of the Diddy-Dirty Money collective, which includes Combs and singer-songwriter Kalenna Harper. She featured in Keri Hilson's video for "The Way You Love Me" as "Money". She is the first member of Danity Kane to have released professional music under a major label after their split, with the Dirty Money album.

During 2010, Richard started putting the finishing touches on her mixtape, The Prelude to A Tell Tale Heart. Before the full mix-tape release Richard released a few songs, including "Me Myself & Y", which she released as a promotional single on globalgrind.com. Others are "These Tears", a heavy ballad, and "Let Love In", another ballad with heavy vocal harmonies. The mixtape The Prelude to A Tell Tale Heart (alternate title: #ATellTaleHeart) was released on February 7, 2011, on her official website. It contains 15 tracks. It was called "the prelude to..." because there will also be an official debut studio album by Dawn Richard entitled A-Tell Tale Heart, which she has been working on for three years. She worked with Trendsetter (the producer) on a few tracks for that album.

On June 19, 2011, a buzz track entitled "Stuck on Mad" was released to the public. followed by a release of a remix to Frank Ocean's "Novacane". The remix, which was co-written by songwriter Intyce, hit the internet on June 21, 2011, and reached over 5,000 downloads within a few hours.

2012–2013: Armor On and GoldenHeart
Dawn released the visual for her first promotional single "SMFU (Save Me From U)" on 106 & Park in January 2012. Other promotional singles such as "Fly, Change, and Black Lipstick" came after. She quickly followed with a leading single titled "Bombs". The video has been compared to Beyonce's "Run The World (Girls)" and Nicki Minaj's "Massive Attack". The video shows heavy choreography in a desert. After the success of "Bombs", Richard's next official single from Armor On was released: "Automatic", the most urban track from the EP. The video was released on June 18 and premiered on 106 & Park. The following music video was filmed in July 2012. Richard released three video trailers on YouTube for her singles "Faith" and "Wild N'Young", which were meshed into one music video released on August 29, 2012, as the final release from Armor On.

Richard announced that her major solo debut project will be a trilogy of albums entitled Goldenheart, BlackHeart, and RedemptionHeart. GoldenHeart was expected to be released on October 16, 2012. "SMFU (Save Me from U)" was released on the internet on October 31, 2011, and will on the first album. The video premiered on 106 & Park on January 5, 2012. Druski is the main producer on this entire project.

Richard is going for a progressive R&B sound.

In celebration of her one million Twitter followers, Richard introduced the set-up for her album GoldenHeart on July 17, 2012, with a track entitled "Pretty Wicked Things". "It's the story of the beautiful things in life that get ruined by the wicked," explained Richard. It was produced and co-written by Armor On collaborator Druski, and is available on iTunes.

Goldenheart was released on January 15, 2013, in stores and through online retailers. Originally intended for release in October 2012, Richard delayed the release after signing a distribution deal with independent company Altavoz Distribution, which would release physical copies to retailers, and provide a wider marketing reach. The album's lead single, "'86", was released as a digital download on September 26.

Goldenheart was released in the United States on January 15, 2013. Richard released the album independently, as she felt record labels were "taking a bit longer than we want". It debuted at number 137 on the Billboard 200, number 2 on the Top Heatseekers Albums, and number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The album also reached the top of the iTunes Store's R&B chart, which prompted music retailer f.y.e. to preemptively release its physical CD.

Goldenheart received universal acclaim from music critics, who hailed Richard as one of the best new acts in pop and R&B.

2013–2015: DK3 and Blackheart
Richard was scheduled to release the second installment in her album trilogy, BlackHeart, in October 2013, but announced that the album would be released after the Danity Kane project.  On New Year's Day of 2014, the unreleased music video for "Riot/Northern Lights" was leaked online. The video was originally shelved in May 2013 after Richard and producer Drew Scott parted ways. The video received positive reviews as it continued where the "86" music video left off.

During the 2013 MTV VMAs pre-show, the four remaining members of Danity Kane announced that they were reuniting and returning on their own terms, without Diddy. Original group member D. Woods did not take part in the reunion. The group's first official reunion single, "Lemonade", was released on the Internet via SoundCloud. The single was produced by the Stereotypes, and features rapper Tyga over a production sampled from "Grindin'", the 2002 hit song by Clipse.

On May 16, 2014, the first night of their #DKNoFilter Tour after performing several songs with Danity Kane, Fimbres announced that she would be leaving the group at the end of their tour, and that O'Day, Bex, and Richard would be continuing on as a trio.

On August 4, 2014, while in a Los Angeles recording studio, a fight ensued in which Richard allegedly punched O'Day. After days of speculation, O'Day and Bex released a public statement announcing the group's second disbandment. Despite the group's break-up, their third album, DK3, was released on October 27, 2014.

On October 29, 2014, two days after DK3s release, Richard debuted the music video for her lead single "Blow" to Vevo. Along with the video, she announced the new release date for her second album Blackheart, January 15, 2015. "With the help of my long time creative/business partner, Kyle Cabrol, I was able to create something we are proud of," said Dawn. "This project is very special to me. We set out to redefine the term 'independent' and really push the limits on what could be done. We are just two people but we act as a label that has an entire staff. Both of us are extremely excited to share this art with the hearts."

2015–present: Redemption, New Breed, Second Line

On September 28, 2015, Richard debuted "Dance",  the first single from The Red Era. About the single she said: "I wanted to create a vibrant atmosphere, The Red Era is about moving on, redeeming yourself, and finding redemption. The official music video premiered on October 5, 2015, mashed with "Billie Jean" from Blackheart.

On January 29, 2016  "Not Above That" was released through UK label Local Action. On March 12, 2016, Dawn started her Redemption Live show tour and performed the first ever YouTube live 360 performance.

On August 10, 2016, Richard made a cameo appearance on Season 2 of the TV series Rosewood with Morris Chestnut and Gabrielle Dennis.

On September 15, 2016, Richard began filming the lead role, Joyce, in the 2017 movie Kinky, written by Jean-Claude Lamarre and starring Robert Ri'chard, Gary Dourdan and Vivica A. Fox.

On November 10, 2016 Redemption, Richard's fourth album, was made available to stream exclusively on NPR one week ahead of its release. The album was officially released on November 18, 2016.

Richard provided guest vocals on the song "Cool Your Heart" from Dirty Projectors' self-titled album, which was released February 21, 2017.

On January 25, 2019, Richard released her 5th solo album, New Breed. In September 2020 according to Deadline Hollywood, Richard joined the cast of the Indie thriller Issac alongside Dove Cameron and RJ Mitte.

On April 30, 2021, Richard released her sixth solo album, Second Line: An Electro Revival. The album received generally favorable reviews. Mark Richardson wrote for the Wall Street Journal that the album "just might be her best", and in Paste Max Freedman wrote that "Richard largely makes up for her retreading with some of her sharpest hooks to date." The Spencer Zahn collaboration Pigments followed in 2022 and the EP The Architect came out in 2023.

Personal life

Richard has been vegan since 2013. She posed naked for one PETA ad campaign promoting the lifestyle, and appeared in another protesting the use of leather.

Relationships
Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie J. Klang were featured on the second season of Making the Band 4. The series showed the two groups doing performances and living together, and the relationships between members of the bands. The series showed Richard's relationship with Day26's Qwanell Mosley grow, and the two entering into a romantic relationship. The two broke up after a five-year relationship. Richard said it was Mosley's infidelity that broke them up in a radio interview for Sway in the Morning.

Other ventures

Fashion
In 2013 Richard partnered with Coco & Breezy to release her own line of sunglasses to accompany her debut album. In 2014 she launched a capsule collection of women's shoes via Lust for Life, and a new addition of shades to accompany the Blackheart album release. In 2016 Richard released a limited edition sterling silver and red USB necklace to accompany the trilogy finale REDEMPTION.

Adult Swim
Richard began working with Adult Swim during summer 2016 as a content creator, recording several Adult Swim singles. In July 2020 she announced a partnership with Adult Swim as a creative consultant, seeking out black animators and artists to create content for the channel.

Discography

Studio albums
 Been a While (2005)
 Goldenheart (2013)
 Blackheart (2015)
 Redemption (2016)
 New Breed (2019)
 Second Line (2021)
 Pigments (2022)

Filmography

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
21st-century American women singers
African-American female dancers
20th-century African-American women singers
American cheerleaders
American women pop singers
American people of Haitian descent
Dancers from Louisiana
National Basketball Association cheerleaders
Danity Kane members
Louisiana Creole people
Rhythm and blues musicians from New Orleans
Singing talent show winners
Singers from Louisiana
21st-century American singers
Merge Records artists
21st-century African-American women singers

Dawn Richard


Toshio Irie (, Irie Toshiō, January 10, 1901 – July 18, 1972) was a Japanese politician and bureaucrat. He was born in Tokyo. He went to college at Tokyo University. After he graduated from college he joined Japan's Ministry of Home Affairs. He then worked for the Cabinet Legislation Bureau as Counselor in the year 1927. He worked under Shigeru Yoshida. In 1946, Toshio earned a new job and became Director-General of the Bureau. As Director-General he worked on writing the Constitution of Japan after World War II. Toshio was added to the House of Peers. Two years later he had a new job as Commissioner General for the House of Representatives. From the year 1952 until 1970 he was a Justice for the Supreme Court of Japan. He worked as a Justice longer than any other Justice in Japanese Supreme Court history.

He retired from working in politics in 1971. He then became a teacher at Komazawa University. He died in 1972.

References

1901 births
1972 deaths
Politicians from Tokyo
University of Tokyo alumni

Toshio Irie


The Raid on Cherbourg took place in August 1758 during the Seven Years' War when a British force was landed on the coast of France by the Royal Navy with the intention of attacking the town of Cherbourg as part of the British government's policy of "descents" on the French coasts.

Background

Since 1757 the policy of the British government to use their naval superiority to launch raids against the French coast, to act as a diversion - drawing French forces and resources away from Germany where Britain's allies Prussia, Hanover and Brunswick were under severe pressure. In Autumn 1757 a British expedition to Rochefort had captured an offshore island, but not made an effort to capture the town. In 1758 the Duke of Brunswick asked the British to put this policy into action as his Allied force was being pushed back. A large naval and military force was assembled in southern England under the direction of George Anson, the First Lord of the Admiralty. In June 1758 the British had launched a Raid on St Malo. Following the perceived success of this, a further raid was planned and it was announced that Prince Edward, the younger brother of the Prince of Wales would accompany the expedition.

Raid
The British forces were under the command of Lieutenant General Thomas Bligh with the offshore naval contingent commanded by Richard Howe. They cruised along the coast of Normandy threatening a number of ports, before arriving outside Cherbourg on 7 August. The conditions were favourable and they were able to make a successful landing at Urville-Nacqueville beach. Once ashore they brushed aside the small French force defending Cherbourg, and stormed it, capturing the town. They set about destroying the fortifications and port. On 16 August, the British left Cherbourg and re-embarked having stayed exactly a week.

Aftermath
News of the expedition boosted morale in Britain. The newspapers observed that it was the first successful landing of any significant size since the Hundred Years War. The scheme had been a favourite project of William Pitt and he was insistent that further raids be launched on the French coast. In September 1758 Bligh tried to capture St Malo, but the weather allowed him to land only part of his force, who were quickly confronted by a superior French force. Bligh tried to withdraw to his ships, which he eventually did, after suffering heavy casualties at the Battle of Saint Cast. This brought an end to the policy of "descents", as the British committed more troops to fight in Germany rather than risk another failed raid.

Despite this the raids had been a success as they had weakened French morale, and convinced them that even parts of Metropolitan France were vulnerable to British naval power. In response France planned a major invasion of Britain, designed to knock them out of the war, but it had to be abandoned owing to naval defeats.

See also
 Naval Descents

References

Bibliography
 Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. Faber and Faber, 2001
 Middleton, Richard. The Bells of Victory: The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and the Conduct of the Seven Years' War, 1757-1762. Cambridge University Press, 1985.
 Rodger, N. A. M. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815. Penguin Books, 2006.
 Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire. Penguin Books (2008)

Conflicts in 1758
Battles of the Seven Years' War
1758 in France
History of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
Military raids
Battles involving Great Britain
Battles involving France

Raid on Cherbourg


The red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae, indigenous to Australia. Originally described by George Shaw in 1794 as a species new to science, it is one of eastern Australia's most commonly encountered snakes. Averaging around  in length, it has glossy black upperparts, bright red or orange flanks, and a pink or dull red belly. It is not aggressive and generally retreats from human encounters, but can attack if provoked.  Although its venom can cause significant illness, no deaths have been recorded from its bite, which is less venomous than other Australian elapid snakes. The venom contains neurotoxins, myotoxins, and coagulants and has haemolytic properties. Victims can also lose their sense of smell.

Common in woodlands, forests, swamplands, along river banks and waterways the red-bellied black snake often ventures into nearby urban areas. It forages in bodies of shallow water, commonly with tangles of water plants and logs, where it hunts its main prey item, frogs, as well as fish, reptiles, and small mammals. The snake is a least-concern species according to the IUCN, but its numbers are thought to be declining due to habitat fragmentation and decline of frog populations.

Taxonomy
The red-bellied black snake was first described and named by English naturalist George Shaw in Zoology of New Holland (1794) as Coluber porphyriacus.  Incorrectly assuming it was harmless and not venomous, he wrote, "This beautiful snake, which appears to be unprovided with tubular teeth or fangs, and consequently not of a venomous nature, is three, sometimes four, feet in nature." The species name is derived from the Greek porphyrous, which can mean "dark purple", "red-purple" or "beauteous". It was the first Australian elapid snake described. The syntype is presumed lost. French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède described it under the name Trimeresurus leptocephalus in 1804. His countryman René Lesson described it as Acanthophis tortor in 1826. German biologist Hermann Schlegel felt it was allied with cobras and called it Naja porphyrica in 1837.

The genus Pseudechis was created for this species by German biologist Johann Georg Wagler in 1830; several more species have been added to the genus subsequently. The name is derived from the Greek words pseudēs "false", and echis "viper". Snake expert Eric Worrell, in 1961, analysed the skulls of the genus and found that of the red-bellied black snake to be the most divergent. Its position as an early offshoot from the rest of the genus has been confirmed genetically in 2017.

In addition to red-bellied black snake, the species has been called common black snake, redbelly,  and RBBS.  It was known as djirrabidi to the Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin.

Description
The red-bellied black snake has a glossy black top body with a light-grey snout and brown mouth, and a completely black tail. It lacks a well-defined neck; its head merges seamlessly into the body. Its flanks are bright red or orange, fading to pink or dull red on the belly. All these scales have black margins. Snakes from northern populations tend to have lighter, more cream or pink bellies. The red-bellied black snake is on average around  long, the largest individual recorded at . Males are generally slightly larger than females. A large  specimen caught in Newcastle has been estimated to weigh around . The red-bellied black snake can have a strong smell, which some field experts have used to find the snakes in the wild.

Like all elapid snakes, it is proteroglyphous (front-fanged). Juveniles are similar to the eastern small-eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens), with which they can be easily confused, although the latter species lacks the red flanks. Other similar species include the blue-bellied black snake (Pseudechis guttatus) and copperheads of the genus Austrelaps. An early misconception was that the red-bellied black snake was sexually dimorphic, and that the eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) was the female form. This error was recognised as such by Australian zoologist Gerard Krefft in his 1869 work Snakes of Australia.

Scalation

The number and arrangement of scales on a snake's body are a key element of identification to species level. The red-bellied black snake has 17 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 180 to 215 ventral scales, 48 to 60 subcaudal scales (the anterior—and sometimes all—subcaudals are undivided), and a divided anal scale. There are two anterior and two posterior temporal scales, and the rostral shield is roughly square-shaped.

Distribution and habitat

The red-bellied black snake is native to the east coast of Australia, where it is one of the most commonly encountered snakes. It can be found in the urban forest, woodland, plains, and bushland areas of the Blue Mountains, Canberra, Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Cairns, and Adelaide. The Macquarie Marshes mark a western border to its distribution in New South Wales, and Gladstone in central Queensland marks the northern limit to the main population. To the south, it occurs across eastern and central Victoria, and extends along the Murray River into South Australia. Disjunct populations occur in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia and in North Queensland.

The red-bellied black snake is most commonly seen close to dams, streams, billabongs, and other bodies of water, although they can venture up to  away,
including into nearby backyards. In particular, the red-bellied black snake prefers areas of shallow water with tangles of water plants, logs, or debris.

Behaviour
Red-bellied black snakes can hide in many places in their habitat, including logs, old mammal burrows, and grass tussocks. They can flee into water and hide there; one was reported as staying submerged for 23 minutes. When swimming, they may hold their full head or the nostrils above the water's surface. At times, they may float without moving on the water surface, thus looking like a stick. Within their habitat, red-bellied black snakes appear to have ranges or territories with which they are familiar and generally remain within. A 1987 field study in three New South Wales localities found that these areas vary widely, from  in size. Within their territory, they may have some preferred places to reside.

The red-bellied black snake is generally not an aggressive species, typically withdrawing when approached. If provoked, it recoils into a striking stance as a threat, holding its head and front part of its body horizontally above the ground and widening and flattening its neck. It may bite as a last resort. It is generally active by day, though nighttime activity has occasionally been recorded. When not hunting or basking, it may be found beneath timber, rocks, and rubbish or down holes and burrows.

Snakes are active when their body temperatures are between . They also thermoregulate by basking in warm, sunny spots in the cool, early morning and rest in shade in the middle of hot days, and may reduce their activity in hot, dry weather in late summer and autumn. Rather than entering true hibernation, red-bellied black snakes become relatively inactive over winter, retreating to cover and at times emerging on warm, sunny days. Their dark colour allows them to absorb heat from sunshine more quickly. In July 1949, six large individuals were found hibernating under a concrete slab in marshland in Woy Woy, New South Wales. Groups of up to six hibernating red-bellied black snakes have been recorded from under concrete slabs around Mount Druitt and Rooty Hill in western Sydney. Males are more active in the Southern Hemisphere spring (early October to November) as they roam looking for mates; one reportedly travelled  in a day. In summer, both sexes are less active generally.

Reproduction
In spring, male red-bellied black snakes often engage in ritualised combat for 2 to 30 minutes, even attacking other males already mating with females. They wrestle vigorously, but rarely bite, and engage in head-pushing contests, where each snake tries to push his opponent's head downward with his chin.

The male seeks out a female and rubs his chin on her body, and may twitch, hiss, and rarely bite as he becomes aroused. The female indicates readiness to mate by straightening out and allowing their bodies to align. Pregnancy takes place any time from early spring to late summer. Females become much less active and band together in small groups in late pregnancy. They share the same retreat and bask in the sun together. The red-bellied black snake is ovoviviparous; that is, it gives birth to live young in individual membranous sacs, after 14 weeks' gestation, usually in February or March. The young, numbering between eight and 40, emerge from their sacs very shortly after birth, and have an average length around . Young snakes almost triple their length and increase their weight 18-fold in their first year of life, and are sexually mature when they reach SVL (snoutvent length) of  for males or  for females. Females can breed at around 31 months of age, while males can slightly earlier. Red-bellied black snakes can live up to 25 years.

Feeding

The diet of red-bellied black snakes primarily consists of frogs, but they also prey on reptiles and small mammals. They also eat other snakes, commonly eastern brown snakes and even their own species. Fish are hunted in water. Red-bellied black snakes may hunt on or under the water surface, and prey can be eaten underwater or brought to the surface. They have been recorded stirring up substrate, possibly to disturb prey. As red-bellied black snakes grow and mature, they continue to eat the same size prey, but add larger animals, as well. Although they prefer live food, red-bellied black snakes have been reported eating frogs squashed by cars.

They are susceptible to cane toad (Rhinella marina) toxins. The introduction of cane toads in Australia dates to 1935, when they were introduced in an attempt at biological control of native beetles, which were damaging sugarcane fields (a non-native plant). The intervention failed, mostly because the toads are on the ground, while the beetles feed on leaves at the top of the plant. One research study concluded that in less than 75 years, the red-bellied black snake had evolved in toad-inhabited regions of Australia to have increased resistance to toad toxin and decreased preference for toads as prey.

Venom
Early settlers feared the red-bellied black snake, though it turned out to be much less dangerous than many other species. The murine median lethal dose (LD50) is 2.52 mg/kg when administered subcutaneously. A red-bellied black snake yields an average of 37 mg of venom when milked, with the maximum recorded being 94 mg. It accounted for 16% of identified snakebite victims in Australia between 2005 and 2015, with no deaths recorded. Its venom contains neurotoxins, myotoxins, and coagulants and also has haemolytic properties.

Bites from red-bellied black snakes can be very painful—needing analgesia—and result in local swelling, prolonged bleeding, and even local necrosis, particularly if the bite is on a finger. Severe local reactions may require surgical debridement or even amputation. Symptoms of systemic envenomation—including nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or excessive sweating—were thought to be rare, but a 2010 review found they occurred in most bite victims. Most people also go on to develop an anticoagulant coagulopathy in a few hours. This is characterised by a raised activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and subsides over 24 hours. It resolves quickly with antivenom. A few people go on to develop a myotoxicity and associated generalised muscle pain and occasionally weakness, which may last up to 7 days. Patients may suffer a loss of sense of smell (anosmia); this is unrelated to the severity of the envenoming and can be temporary or permanent. Although the venom contains the three-finger toxin α-elapitoxin-Ppr1, which acts as a neurotoxin in laboratory experiments, neurotoxic symptoms are generally absent in clinical cases.

A biologically active agent—pseudexin—was isolated from red-bellied black snake venom in 1981. Making up 25% of the venom, it is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight around 16.5 kilodaltons. In 1989, it was found to be composed of three phospholipase A2 isoenzymes. If antivenom is indicated, red-bellied black snake bites are generally treated with tiger snake antivenom. While black snake antivenom can be used, tiger snake antivenom can be used at a lower volume and is a cheaper treatment.

It is the most commonly reported species responsible for envenomed dogs in New South Wales. In 2006, a 12-year-old golden retriever suffered rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury secondary to a red-bellied black snake bite. Laboratory testing has found that cats are relatively resistant to the venom, with a lethal dose as high as 7 mg/kg.

Conservation and threats
The red-bellied black snake is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Its preferred habitat has been particularly vulnerable to urban development and is highly fragmented, and a widespread decline in frogs, which are its preferred prey, has occurred. Snake numbers appear to have declined. Feral cats are known to prey on red-bellied black snakes, while young snakes presumably are taken by laughing kookaburras (Dacelo novaeguineae), brown falcons (Falco berigora), and other raptors.

Captivity
One of the snakes commonly kept as pets in Australia, the red-bellied black snake adapts readily to captivity and lives on a supply of mice, though it can also survive on fish fillets, chicken, and dog food.

Notes

References

Citations

Cited books

External links

 Pictures of the red-bellied black snake's fangs

Pseudechis
Endemic fauna of Australia
Snakes of Australia
Reptiles of New South Wales
Reptiles of Queensland
Reptiles of South Australia
Reptiles of Victoria (state)
Reptiles described in 1794
Taxa named by George Shaw

Red-bellied black snake


Chausseestraße 131 is the second LP recorded by East German Liedermacher and poet Wolf Biermann, after Wolf Biermann (Ost) zu Gast bei Wolfgang Neuss (West), an album recorded together with Wolfgang Neuss. It was his first album released after the Socialist Unity Party officially blacklisted him from performing or releasing music through the East German music monopoly VEB Deutsche Schallplatten. Due to being blacklisted, Biermann was unable to use a professional recording studio to record the album, forcing him to record in his apartment at Chausseestraße 131 using a Grundig tape recorder and a Sennheiser omnidirectional microphone smuggled in from West Germany. Because of this, the sound of traffic outside his apartment can be heard in the background.

In 1969, Biermann received the Fontane Prize, an award established by the state of Berlin in 1948. Biermann caused a minor scandal by publicly passing it on to the Außerparlamentarische Opposition (APO), a political protest group that played a central part of the German student movement. The same action had also been taken by Peter Schneider, an earlier recipient of the prize. Biermann also transferred 10,000 DM of the prize money to Horst Mahler, who at the time was a lawyer active within the APO.

Track listing

A-side
 Die Hab Ich Satt! - 5:14
 Das Barlach-Lied - 3:02
 Deutschland - Ein Wintermärchen (1. Kapitel) Und Ballade Auf Den Dichter François Villon - 6:22
 Wie Eingepfercht In Kerkermauern - 3:23
 Zwischenlied - 1:31

B-side
 Frühling Auf Dem Mont-Klamott - 5:06
 Moritat Auf Biermann Seine Oma Meume In Hamburg - 5:01
 Großes Gebet der alten Kommunistin Oma Meume in Hamburg - 4:59
 So soll es sein - so wird es sein - 5:59

References

German-language albums
1968 albums
East German music

Chausseestraße 131


Institut Pprime (sometimes written Institut P') is a CNRS laboratory created in 2010 and based in Poitiers, France.

Presentation
The institute depends from the University of Poitiers, ENSI Poitiers and Ensma and has the UPR number 3346. It is the second-largest laboratory from engineering science in France with 572 people working for it in 2014. It has locations in both campus of Poitiers and Futuroscope. It is currently led by Yves Gervais since 2014 after Jean-Paul Bonnet.

The laboratory is sub-divided in three departments:
 Physics and Mechanics of Materials
 Fluids, Thermal and Combustion Sciences
 Mechanics, Structures and Complex Systems

It is the merger of six previous laboratories which was:
 LCD , Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (Laboratory of Combustion and Detonics) UPR 9028
 LEA , Laboratoire d'études aérodynamiques (Laboratory of Aerodynamic Studies) UMR 6609
 LET, Laboratoire d'études thermiques (Laboratory of Thermal Studies) UMR 6608
 PhyMat, Laboratoire de physique des matériaux (Laboratory of Materials Physics) UMR 6630
 LMPM, Laboratoire de mécanique et physique des matériaux (Laboratory of Mechanics and Physics of Materials) UMR 6617
 LMS, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (Laboratory of Solid Mechanics) UMR 6610

See also
 IC2MP, a laboratory specializing in chemistry in Poitiers

References

External links

Physics research institutes
University of Poitiers
French National Centre for Scientific Research
Research institutes established in 2010
2010 establishments in France

Institut Pprime


Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is an English actress, filmmaker, and environmental activist. She is best known for her role as Ginny Weasley in the Harry Potter film series.

Born in London, Wright made her professional acting debut in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), portraying the role for ten years until the final film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Following the series, Wright appeared in a string of independent films, including Before I Sleep (2013), The Sea (2013), and After the Dark (2014); the films received mixed reviews. She made her stage debut as the lead in Peter Ustinov's The Moment of Truth at the Southwark Playhouse in 2013.

After graduating from the London College of Communication in 2012 with a Bachelor of Arts in filmmaking, Wright founded her own production company, BonBonLumiere, and began to produce short films. Her first directorial project was the coming-of-age drama Separate We Come, Separate We Go (2012), starring David Thewlis, which was released at the Cannes Film Festival to critical acclaim. She directed Know Thyself (2016), starring Christian Coulson, and Sextant (2016), both of which featured landscape and emotion as themes. Wright's three-part series, Phone Calls, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2017. She released Medusa's Ankles (2018) starring Kerry Fox and Jason Isaacs, based on A. S. Byatt's The Matisse Stories. She has also directed music videos for artists Sophie Lowe, Pete Yorn, and Scarlett Johansson.

Wright has gained recognition for her environmental activism; she is also an ambassador for the charities Greenpeace and Lumos.

Early life and education
Bonnie Francesca Wright was born on 17 February 1991 in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, the second child of Sheila Teague and Gary Wright, owners of the jewellery company Wright & Teague. She attended Prior Weston Primary School and later the King Alfred School in North London for her secondary education. While on set, Wright kept with her studies with the help of a tutor, and attained three A-levels in art, photography and design technology.

She has stated that growing up on set contributed to her film knowledge and interest. During the filming of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in 2009, she began attending the London College of Communication at University of the Arts London; in 2012, Wright graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in filmmaking.

Career

2001–2011: Beginnings and Harry Potter series
In 1999, castings were held across the UK for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowling's best-selling novel. Wright's elder brother had read the first two books in the series and informed her that she reminded him of Ginny Weasley. Wright did not have any prior professional experience aside from school plays, and asked her mother if she could audition "on a whim". She gained a screen test for David Heyman after her pictures were sent to the film's casting directors, and her parents were told she got the role shortly after.

Wright made her film debut at the age of nine upon the 2001 release of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, appearing in a cameo role in a scene at London King's Cross railway station, where her character and mother meet Harry Potter during the boarding of the Hogwarts express. The film broke sales records and was the highest-grossing film of 2001. She reprised her role the following year in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, in which her character begins studies at Hogwarts and encounters a secret diary that begins to control her actions. One critic cited her role as "important" but "underdeveloped". The film broke the opening records of its predecessor and became the fifth-highest-grossing film of all time in the region.

In 2002 and 2004, Wright co-starred in two television films: Stranded (2002), a period piece, and Agatha Christie: A Life in Pictures (2004), where she played the younger version of the titular writer. Wright had supporting roles in the successive releases of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, released in 2004 and 2005 to commercial success and increasing worldwide recognition.

As Ginny, she appeared more prominently in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007), joining Dumbledore's Army and eventually participating in the climactic scene, battling against Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Mark Adams of The Sunday Mirror wrote that Wright's performance "makes the most subtle and memorable impact... her time is to come." The film was a critical and financial success, with a record-breaking opening weekend. In 2007, Wright guest starred on the Disney Channel's The Replacements, where she voiced Vanessa in the second-season premiere titled "London Calling". Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released in 2009. Wright's character continued to develop, becoming chaser for the Gryffindor Quidditch team as well as Harry Potter's love interest. Variety stated that her portrayal "intrigues as the sort of initial plain Jane who keeps growing on you".

In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, Wright reprised her role for the final time, being featured during the film's prominent battle storyline and in the epilogue, set nineteen years later. Wright was nominated for an Empire Award for her performance in the final film. She has also provided the voice of Ginny in the video game versions of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1. Wright is one of the thirteen actors who have appeared in all eight films of the Harry Potter franchise, being part of the cast members Rowling referred to as "The Big Seven".

2012–present: Independent films and directorial focus
In 2012, Wright founded her film production company, BonBonLumiere. That same year, Wright made her directorial and screenwriting debut in Separate We Come, Separate We Go, a coming-of-age short film starring Harry Potter co-star David Thewlis. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2012 and the Gold Coast International Film Festival  in 2013. Nick de Semlyen of Empire praised Wright's direction, saying that "it's an impressive first work from someone who clearly has ambition to burn."

In 2013, she co-starred in Before I Sleep alongside an ensemble cast. The film was shot in New England, and premiered at the 2013 Heartland Film Festival. She then appeared in The Sea (2013), an adaptation of the John Banville novel, portraying Rose, a "fragile, distracted young nanny". The film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 23 June 2013. The Sea received mixed reviews; one critic wrote that Wright was an "underused but ultimately ineffective screen presence". That same year, she also made her stage debut in the role of The Girl in Peter Ustinov's The Moment of Truth. The play was performed at the Southwark Playhouse in London from June to July. Wright received critical praise for her stage performance; the British Theatre Guide wrote she "makes clear in her performance, she is motivated by love for her father and movingly has to face rejection..." Wright filmed the comedy Those Who Wander and the family-adventure film Who Killed Nelson Nutmeg? in 2013. In December 2013, she directed Sophie Lowe in her music video "Dreaming". The video was shot in Joshua Tree National Park. In 2014, she took part in the third series of The Great Sport Relief Bake Off, winning the first episode and being named the "Star Baker".

Wright starred alongside Rhys Wakefield, James D'Arcy and her Harry Potter co-star Freddie Stroma in the science fiction film After the Dark (2014), directed by John Huddles and filmed in Jakarta, Indonesia. She portrayed Georgina, one of the students. The film premiered at Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival on 7 July 2013. Reviews for After the Dark were mixed; The Village Voice commented that the film "slid[es] into a ... soapy backstory while suggesting that supporting actress Bonnie Wright might have been a stronger [..] lead". Wright voiced a character in the animated film My Dad Is Scrooge (2014). In May 2014, Wright wrote and directed short film Know Thyself, starring her Harry Potter co-star Christian Coulson. Know Thyself premiered at festival NewFilmmakers NY on 10 February 2016; Elle referred to the film as "emotive". In July 2014, Wright directed the short film Fade to Gold, showcasing her parents' creative design of their jewellery.

In August 2016, her company released the first instalment of Sextant, a twelve-part work with each short shot under a full moon, containing themes of cosmic order and poetry. Wright stated that she desired to shoot "when our sensitivities are heightened" and that the film reflected her interest in how a landscape can be "the catalyst..for self discovery". Wright's next directorial project was a three-episode series entitled Phone Calls, showing phone conversations with three pairs of people who never physically interact on-screen. Phone Calls premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2017. In June 2018, Wright released Medusa's Ankles, based on a section of The Matisse Stories by A. S. Byatt. The film was shot in Lincoln, England, and starred Kerry Fox as a woman experiencing a menopausal midlife crisis, alongside Harry Potter co-star Jason Isaacs as a charismatic, "self obsessed" hairdresser with whom she develops a fraught connection. Wright stated that in her direction, she tried to capture "the intimate experience" of going to a salon and experiencing sudden, personal change. Wright directed Lowe again in her music video for "Taught You How To Feel", released in November 2018. Wright also directed the music video for Pete Yorn and Scarlett Johansson's single, "Iguana Bird", an "expressive personification of heartbreak recovery", released in October 2018.

Wright's next video was for independent artist MAGUIRE, entitled "Fallible". It was released in June 2019; Fame Magazine called it a "breathtakingly candid portrait". In March 2020, Wright narrated an audiobook adaption of Babbitty Rabbitty and her Cackling Stump from The Tales of Beedle the Bard, an in-universe book of Wizarding World children's stories written by Rowling. The audiobook was released in aid of the charity Lumos.

Other ventures

Activism
Wright is an active spokesperson for environmentalism and awareness of plastic pollution; she has stated, "Every piece of plastic I have ever used is still somewhere on this earth, and that's terrifying." In November 2017, she joined Greenpeace on their ship Arctic Sunrise, monitoring plastic waste in the oceans. In January 2018, she visited the Coca-Cola headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to deliver a petition to urge them to stop producing single-use plastic. She has previously held public discussions on how people can reduce single-use plastic usage and advocates for causes on her Instagram page.

In February 2020, Wright, as an ambassador of the Rainforest Alliance, travelled to Guatemala to meet communities that practice sustainable forest management in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. During the trip, she met staff in Uaxactun, a community that the Rainforest Alliance has been working with for more than 20 years to promote practices of sustainable forest management. She documented the trip through both the organization's and her personal social media pages.

In June 2020, she expressed support for transgender people in response to a series of tweets by J.K. Rowling targeting the trans community.

Wright is also an ambassador for Lumos, a children's organization founded by Rowling in 2005. In 2016, Wright and fellow ambassador (and Harry Potter co-star) Evanna Lynch travelled to Haiti to learn about the 30,000 children living in orphanages, meeting with children who had been rescued from unstable conditions and reunited with their families. Wright has spoken extensively about Lumos's charity work, stating that she had "heard so much about the work that Lumos was doing [..] but this experience highlighted how incredibly important Lumos' work is in Haiti."

In April 2022, Bonnie published and wrote a book titled, Go Gently: Actionable Steps to Nurture Yourself and the Planet, where it tells about the importance and tips of how to save the environment.

Modelling
In 2011, Wright appeared in a fashion spread for The Financial Times''' luxury lifestyle magazine How to Spend It. The shoot took place at the Victoria and Albert Museum and paid homage to artist Dante Rossetti. She participated as a catwalk model for fashion designer Katie Eary at an Autumn/Winter 2011 show during London Fashion Week. In August 2013, Wright participated, along with Phoebe Collings James and Clara Paget, with jewellery designer Dominic Jones modelling southsea deckchairs in aid of the World Land Trust and Winchester School of Art charities.World Land Trust  Vogue UK

Personal life
Wright is a pescetarian. She has lived in the Clerkenwell area of London, Los Angeles, and moved to San Diego in 2022. She was previously engaged to Harry Potter'' co-star Jamie Campbell Bower from April 2011 to June 2012.

On 20 March 2022, Wright confirmed on her Instagram account that she had married her longtime boyfriend, Andrew Lococo. On 28 April 2023, Wright revealed they were expecting their first child. On 19 September 2023, Bonnie Wright gave birth to a boy with her husband Andrew Lococo.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Video games

Theme parks

Director

Screenwriter

Other roles

Books

Awards and nominations

See also
List of Harry Potter films cast members

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Actresses from London
Alumni of the London College of Communication
British women environmentalists
English child actresses
English film actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
People educated at King Alfred School, London
People from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
21st-century English actresses
English female models
English music video directors
English film directors
English women film directors
English activists

Bonnie Wright


Southside is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, United States.  Its boundaries are Third Street to the west, Woodlawn Avenue, Allmond Avenue and Hiawatha Avenue to the north, the CSX railroad tracks to the east, and the southern boundary of the Greater Louisville Technology Park (formerly Naval Ordnance), Southside Drive and Kenwood Drive to the south.

The neighborhood has been settled by a wide array of immigrant groups, mostly refugees.
Those from Vietnam dominated throughout most of the 1990s, but have since been succeeded by those from Cuba.

37.6% were born in other countries to parents also born in other countries (first among all neighborhoods in the pre-merger city,) making up 1,976 of the total population of 5,260.
The top lands of national origin according to the online Statistical Atlas amongst the foreign-born:

Cuba -
19.1%
377

Burma -
12.7%
251

Vietnam -
8.6%
169

Mexico -
7.0%
139

Iraq -
5.3%
104

Nepal -
4.5%
90

Bosnia and Herzegovina -
3.5%
70

Haiti -
3.2%
63

Iran -
2.0%
40

Ethiopia -
2.0%
39

References

https://insiderlouisville.com/communities/americana-community-helps-immigrant-refugee-populations/
https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/Kentucky/Louisville/Southside/National-Origin

External links
The Americana Apartment complex sits in the heart of the area designated as the Southside Neighborhood. See "Our History"
Street map of Southside
   Images of Southside (Louisville, Ky.) in the University of Louisville Libraries Digital Collections

Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky

Southside, Louisville