The 3rd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment ("3–319th AFAR") is the field artillery battalion that directly supports the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division. Known as the "Gun Devils", 3–319th AFAR has participated in battles from World War I to the current day, and is one of the most highly decorated field artillery units in the United States Army. The battalion's mission is "3-319th AFAR stands ready to deploy worldwide within 18 hours of notification, execute a parachute assault and conduct full-spectrum operations. Specifically, the battalion will provide responsive lethal and nonlethal fires in support of forcible entry and airfield seizure, and integrate and synchronize the effects of fires to achieve the 1BCT commander's intent."

History

World War I: origins
The 3rd Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment traces its lineage in Battery C, 319th Field Artillery Regiment. During World War I, the battery was one of six 4-gun 155mm batteries in the 157th Field Artillery Brigade, and participated in three major offensives: St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne, and Lorraine. The first commander of Battery C was Captain D.T. Peavy, who formed the battery on 4 September 1917, from a group of officers recently graduated from the 7th Provisional Training Regiment who had arrived at the regiment on 30 August. In April 1918, Captain Peavy was reassigned to the 157th Depot Brigade, and Captain Strawbridge assumed command of the battery. The battery sailed to Europe on the British liner "Lapland", departing on 19 May 1918, and arriving in Liverpool, England, on 30 May 1918.

World War II: airborne beginnings
In World War II, the battalion participated in campaigns in North Africa, Chuinzi Pass, Italy, and the Battle of the Bulge.

Vietnam

Deployment
The 3-319 AFAR, commanded by LTC (later MG) Lee E. Surut, deployed to Vietnam in support of the 173rd Airborne Brigade in May 1965. The unit fired the first American artillery in the Vietnam War, when the base piece of Battery C conducted its first registration.  Less than 30 days after deploying, TF Surut (3-319 AFAR reinforced with cavalry, engineers and others) conducted the artillery's first combat air assault when they secured a landing zone, emplaced their howitzers and provided support to infantry TF Dexter.  The 3–319th AFAR was the first U.S. Army unit to participate in offensive operations by providing fires support to Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces relieving the town of Dong Xoai in June 1965. It was joined by the 161st Bty, Royal New Zealand Artillery in June 1965 which was attached as the fourth firing battery.

OPORD 17–65
From 27 June 1965 to 1 July 1965, 3–319 AFAR fired nearly 5,000 rounds of 105mm in support of five infantry battalions from three nations (1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment and 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment from the U.S. 173rd Airborne Brigade, 3rd and 4th Battalions of the ARVN 2nd Airborne Brigade and the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment), in addition to coordinating New Zealand and Vietnamese artillery fires, close air support and armed helicopter fires through the brigade fire support coordination center. To support what was known simply as OPORD 17–65, 3–319 AFAR provided 10 forward observers, 3 liaison officers and 2 aerial observers above the normally provided fire support coordination personnel. Initially organized with three 6-gun 105mm firing batteries, the battalion was later authorized a fourth firing battery.

Operation Denver
On 8 April 1966, the 173rd Airborne Brigade's Operation Austin I was cancelled, and the brigade was notified to conduct Operation Denver in the Sông Bé area. The brigade published its base operation order, focused on movement from Bien Hoa to Sông Bé, on 9 April 1966. On 10 April 1966, Battery C, 3/319 accompanied 1/503rd Infantry to Sông Bé Airfield. The remainder of 3/319 closed via C-130 by 14:40 on 11 April. On 13 April, Battery B was attached to 1/503rd and occupied a fire base at Position Blue to the northwest of Sông Bé to support search and attack operations. Battery B was in position at 09:13, fired preparatory fires on Landing Zone Red in support of Company A, 1/503rd and departed the fire base at 18:32. On 14 April, the battalion fires landing zone preparations on LZs Jade, Opal and Diamond, in support of two battalion-sized airmobile operations by 1/503 and 1RAR. On 15 April, Battery C moved by ground to establish a fire support base at grid location YU 183105, fired a 10-minute artillery preparation on LZ Lilly in support of 1/503, and remained in position until 17 April. On 18 April, Battery A was inserted via CH-47 onto LZ Harvard and established a fire support base to support 2/503 Infantry's operations in AO Ireland, south of Sông Bé. On 19 April, Battery A displaced to LZ Colgate, remaining there in support of 2/503 until 22 April. The battalion returned to Bien Hoa on 23 April, with one battery remaining with 2/503rd at Sông Bé until 25 April. Over the course of Operation Denver, the battalion (including the four guns of 161st Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery in support of 1 RAR) fired 5,103 rounds in 614 missions. The battalion also controlled the fires of two four-gun 4.2in mortar platoons (one from 2/503rd and one from D/16 Armor) which fired 1,466 rounds in 192 missions.

From 1 May to 31 July 1966, 3/319th AFAR, under the command of LTC William Nordin, supported the brigade's Operations Dexter, Hardihood, Hollandia, Uniontown, Yorktown, Aurora I and Aurora II, in addition to routine security operations. The battalion fired 28,565 rounds during 3,108 missions. The brigade report for this period noted that all tactical plans, including reaction forces, should include the detailed planning of safe air corridors to allow for simultaneous employment of artillery preparations and air strikes during airmobile operations. This was also the last operation with the New Zealand battery which in June amalgamated with the newly-formed 1st Australian Task Force.

Operation Toledo
From 10 August 1966 – 7 September 1966, 3/319th AFAR supported 173rd's Operation Toledo in the May Tao Secret Zone and Cẩm Mỹ areas of Phước Tuy Province. In addition to the battalion's three organic firing batteries (A, B & C) with 18 105mm towed howitzers, the battalion was reinforced with C/2/35 Artilley (six 155mm self-propelled howitzers), A/2/32 Artillery (four 175mm/8" self-propelled howitzers), and two 105mm towed firing batteries (A/2/13 Artillery and A/1/7 Artillery). The 3/319th AFAR fired 31,503 rounds in 1,421 fire missions, while the reinforcing units contributed an additional 17,417 rounds. Most of the missions were against suspected enemy locations or in support of elements during contact, but the battalion also fired preparations of landing zones, harassing and interdiction fire, and suppressive fire on landing zones after extraction. Although safety checks and air clearance delayed some missions when units were not in contact, the brigade reported that "Fires for units in contact was timely and no firing delays were experienced."

Operation Sioux City
From 26 September 1966 to 9 October 1966, the battalion supported the brigade Operation Sioux City with 2 organic 105mm batteries and a 155mm reinforcing battery from 2/25 Field Artillery. On 26 September, 3/319 departed Bien Hoa and moved by road on Route Blue to Position Fox, with Battery C firing landing zone preparations in support of 1/503's air assault on Position Mohawk and then on to Position Mohawk. While in Position Fox, a ¼-ton truck from the battalion hit a mine. Two vehicles (the other from Company E, 17th Cavalry Regiment) were destroyed by mines in Position Fox, resulting in three US wounded. On 1 October, Battery C reported 2 incoming hand grenades and returned fire with M79 grenade launchers. There were no US casualties and unknown results of the M79 fire. On 6 October, the battalion returned to Position Fox, reporting laid and ready to fire at 12:58. On 9 October, the brigade terminated Operation Sioux City and the battalion returned to Bien Hoa by road convoy. Over the course of the operation, the battalion fired 8,611 rounds on 1,280 missions. Unobserved fires prevented a good assessment of the artillery's effectiveness, although the brigade After Action Report noted that enemy fire stopped "in all cases" when artillery was employed during contacts.

Operation Winchester
From 8 October – 3 December 1966, Battery B, 3/319th AFAR deployed 82 personnel and six M102 105mm howitzers with Task Force 4/503rd to the Da Nang and Tinh Qang area to conduct Operation Winchester. The battery occupied a single position, and supported the operation from that position, although it selected alternate positions that were not occupied. The 4–503rd PIR commander stated that Battery B's support was "absolutely essential to the conduct of the operation."

Operation Junction City
From 22 February to 15 March 1967, 3/319 participated in Operation Junction City, including the only conventional parachute assault conducted by the US Army in Vietnam. For the operation, Battery A was attached to Task Force 2/503rd to conduct the airborne assault, while the battalion received to the operational control of 4.2in mortar platoons from 1/503rd and 4/503rd to provide centralized control of the remaining 4 firing units for the operation. Operation Junction City was aimed at the destruction of the Central Office of South Vietnam (the Viet Cong political headquarters) and the PAVN 9th Division in the "War Zone C" area of Tây Ninh Province. The brigade formed the north-east shoulder of a multi-brigade cordon. The brigade conducted the parachute assault to ease the requirements for helicopter support and "place the maximum number of troops on the ground in the shortest period of time", although the bulk of the brigade conducted helicopter insertions before their search and destroy operations.

On 19 February, the battalion (less Battery A, which remained at Bien Hoa to prepare for the parachute assault) moved to Quần Lợi and conducted final preparations for the operation. At 09:00 on 22 February, Battery A landed with 2/503 PIR on Drop Zone "C" at grid coordinates XT 339929. The battalion then established the brigade Fire Support Base in Position Liz with the brigade command post to support search and destroy operations by the three infantry battalions. On 5 March, the battalion moved by road from FSB Liz to FSB III. On 10 March, the battalion was credited with 127 enemy killed while firing in support of 2nd Battalion, 2nd Infantry (Mechanized) from the 1st Infantry Division. On 14 March, the battalion moved to Suoi Da and returned to Bien Hoa by ground convoy on 15 March. Over the 20 days of the operation, the battalion fired 45,282 rounds in 1,423 missions.

Although the 173rd was not originally planned to participate in Operation Junction City Phase II, the 1st Infantry Division required another brigade and the 173rd returned to the operational control of the 1st Infantry Division on 20 March. That morning, the bulk of 3/319's vehicles departed Bien Hoa at 06:55 and conducted a road movement to FSB "D" at Min Thanh Airfield, closing at 15:00. The 18 howitzers with crews moved by air at 09:21 and were in position at Minh Thanh at 09:55. On 22 March, the battalion conducted air movement to FSB Parry with 41 CH-47 sorties for personnel and equipment, followed by 31 ammunition sorties. On 23 March, the battalion fired preparation fires on LZ "A" in support of air assaults by 1/503 and 4/503. On 28 March, the battalion conducted direct artillery fire, which effectively decreased the sniper fire against the FSB. On 8 April, Battery A conducted air movement to FSB Rock, joined by Batteries C and B on 9 April. On 13 April, the battalion returned to Bien Hoa, and the brigade terminated its participation in Operation Junction City and was released from the OPCON of the 1st Infantry Division. Over the course of Operation Junction City Phase II, the battalion fired 48,575 rounds in 1,729 missions.

From 1 May to 31 July 1967, 3/319th AFAR, supported seven battalion-size or larger operations: Operations Fort Wayne, Dayton, Cincinnati, Winchester, Francis Marion, Greeley and 4/503rd Infantry's Operation Stillwell. The battalion fired 52652 rounds during 416 fire missions. The brigade twice noted that units must be prepared to accept casualties from friendly artillery in order to bring effective fires onto enemy positions. (To mitigate any possible tendency to call artillery onto friendly units, the 4th Infantry Division, in their endorsement to the report, noted that artillery can be employed as close as 50 meters "without inflicting more than occasional injuries to friendly troops.") The importance of artillery to the brigade's operations was emphasized by the note in Combat Operations After Action Report for 4–503rd Infantry's contact on 8–18 July 1967 that all individuals should be prepared to quickly and accurately adjust artillery fires.

From 1 August – 31 October 1967, 3/319th AFAR supported Operations Greeley, Bolling and Darby. The battalion fired 46,765 rounds in 6,425 missions. The brigade Operations Report of Lessons Learned for the period noted the requirement for aerial observers for artillery in dense jungle, and suggested that new forward observers should have practical training in aerial observation. Both I Field Force Vietnam and US Army Vietnam endorsed this observation. The brigade also noted the effectiveness of artillery fires in close support of units in contact, despite "time consuming" safety requirements.

Battle of Dak To
From August through early October 1967, the 4th Infantry Division, conducting Operation Macarthur, noticed a change in PAVN tactics in Pleiku Province, followed by large and unusual movements in the tri-border (Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam) area and increased activity in Kontum Province in late October. On 1 November, 4/503 Infantry moved to Dak To, followed by Battery B, 3/319 AFAR on 1 November. Battery B emplaced at FSB 12. On 6 November, Batteries A and C followed, emplacing at a bridge site at map coordinates YB 957242 and FSB 13 respectively. Over the next month, the battalion conducted five battery moves, occupying FSBs 12, 15, 16, and 13 to support the brigade's search and attack operations south and west of Dak To. Before the battle of Dak To was ended on 1 December, Battery A fired 12,907 rounds in 488 missions, Battery B fired 14,598 rounds in 590 missions, and Battery C fired 18,112 rounds in 368 missions. The battle for Dak To cost the battalion four killed in action, four wounded in action and one missing in action.

From February to April 1969, the 173rd Airborne Brigade conducted 9 battalion operations in Bình Định, Phú Yên and Phu Bon Provinces. On 15 April 1969, the brigade closed all battalion operations and began Operation Washington Green. 3/319 AFAR remained in direct support of the brigade, with headquarters at LZ English and Battery C detached to TF South in direct support to 3/503rd. February began with Battery A at LZ English, Battery B at FSB Shenondoah and Battery D at FSB Barbara. On 4 February, Battery D killed one VC/PAVN, who was found with 4 Satchel charges near the FSB perimeter the next morning. On 9 February, Battery A displaced to FSB Lowboy to support 2/40th ARVN, and Battery D moved to LZ English in 15 CH-47 helicopter loads. From 12–16 February, the battalion fired an "intensive H&I program" ahead of the Tet Holiday. On 21 and 28 February, the battalion emplaced "Red Raider" observation posts to identify anti-aircraft firing positions around LZ English. On 25 February, the battalion fired counterfire against mortars detected by the battalion radar on LZ English, initiating countermortar fire in less than 90 seconds.

In March, Battery A moved from FSB Lowboy to FSB Two Bits to support 1/503rd. On 4 March, Battery D moved by CH-47 from FSB Barbara to Tuy Hòa Base Camp, and then, on 7 March, moved by C-130 to An Khe. On 9 March, Battery D roadmarched from An Khe to LZ Action to support Operation Stingray II, which began 11 March. On 14 March, Battery D moved to FSB Ellen by CH-47. On 19 March, a platoon from Battery B conducted a 5-hour raid, firing 662 rounds into the An Lao Valley, attacking hooch complexes and possible base camps, resulting in one secondary explosion. On 21 March, the battalion's countermortar radar identified mortar rounds fired at LZ English, as well as a rocket attack on LZ Tom and a mortar attack on Tam Quan District Headquarters. On 23 March, Battery B conducted another platoon raid to FSB Lisa, firing 1113 rounds supporting observation aircraft and brigade Ranger teams. On 24 March, Battery D moved from FSB Ellen to An Khe by CH-47, and roadmarched to Qui Nhon the following day. On 26 March, Battery A roadmarched from FSB Two Bits to FSB Crystal.

From 1 to 7 April, a platoon from Battery B supported 6 Ranger teams from FSB Projo, secured by 3/C/2/503 PIR, firing 1460 rounds. On 5 April, Battery D was extracted from FSB Rimerez by CH-47, and then roadmarched to FSB Lowboy on 6 April. On 14 April, a platoon from Battery A, with security elements from HSB and Batteries B and D, combat assaulted FSB Robertson and remained until 18 April, firing 1427 rounds in support of 17 Ranger teams. On 17 April, the countermortar radar detected 14 rounds fired at LZ English. On 22 April, elements of Battery A roadmarched from LZ Crystal to LZ English, and then combat assaulted to FSB Frost on 25 April. Meanwhile, Battery B roadmarched from LZ English to LZ Two Bits to provide mutual support to Battery A, as both batteries secured their own FSBs. On 29 April, the battalion initiated another combined artillery and Ranger raid to FSB Projo. Three slight WIAs were sustained from punji stakes when the elements combat assaulted the FSB, which had been abandoned since 7 April.

From 1 May 1969 to 31 July 1969, 3/319th AFAR continued direct support to 173rd Airborne Brigade conducting Operation Washington Green (pacification in northern Bình Định Province) and Operation Darby Maul I, a series of search and clear operations in the An Lao Valley by 4th Mobile Strike Force Battalion under the operational control of the 173rd.  HSB located at LZ English. Battery A located at FSB Frost until 6 July, then FSB Stinger until 12 July, then FSB Lisa until 27 July, then LZ English until 28 July, then LZ Lowboy, in addition to sending a platoon to Operation Red Thrust VIII, firing 508 rounds. Battery B located a LZ Two Bits, and sent a platoon to fire 543 rounds on Operation Red Thrust VII and another platoon to LZ Challenge from 3–5 July. Battery C located at FSB Rock near Bac Loc and conducted two 1-day raids on 11 and 13 June. Battery D located at LZ Lowboy, with 2 howitzers sent on Operation Red Thrust V in 5 days ending 2 May. On 12 July, Battery D displaced to support Battery A from FSB Hawkeye but returned to LZ Lowboy until 28 July, then occupied FSB Hunky. The battalion received three 105mm howitzers in May. In July, LTC John R. Martin replaced LTC Joseph J Leszcsynski. Overall, the battalion fired 55,735 rounds of 105mm during the period. The battalion noted that the use of two collimators was an effective replacement for the use of aiming posts when occupying constricted platoon sized positions, that low-level illumination was an effective incendiary against enemy crops, and that aerial photos or overflights assisted in the defense of fire support bases, especially when no infantry security forces were provided. Additionally, close liaison in support of Ranger operations assisted in timely and accurate fire support.

Post-Vietnam
As part of the force reductions after Vietnam, 3-319 AFAR was relieved from its assignment to the 173rd Airborne Brigade and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division.
From 2–10 December 1981, 3–319 AFAR conducted a battalion artillery training exercise.
The 3-319 AFAR was awarded the Army Superior Unit Award for meritorious service during difficult and challenging missions during peacetime from 20 August 1983 to 1 December 1983.

In March 1988, elements of 3–319 deployed to the Republic of Honduras for Operation Golden Pheasant as a symbol of US resolve to support our allies in the face of aggression.

Operation Just Cause
In Operation Just Cause, A Battery, 3–319th AFAR conducted a parachute drop of its howitzers, assisting in defeating the Panamanian Defense Forces.

Operation Desert Storm
3–319th AFAR supported the 1st Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division during the Gulf War. A few years later, C Battery, 3–319th deployed to Kosovo.

Global War on Terror
The battalion deployed to Afghanistan in 2003, 2005–2006 and 2011–2012. The battalion has deployed twice to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, once in 2007–2008 to LSA Adder near Tallil, Dhi Qar Province and again in 2009–2010 with 1st Brigade Combat Team to Al Asad Airbase in Anbar Province.

Operation Enduring Freedom III
Elements of TF Devil (built around the 1st Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division), including 3–319, deployed to relieve TF Panther from December 2002 through August 2003. Like 1–319 AFAR during OEF II, 3-319 AFAR deployed as two 4-tube 120mm mortar batteries (Batteries A & B) and one 6-gun M119 105mm battery (Battery C) under the command of LTC Dennis Tewksbury. During this deployment, 3-319 was awarded a Valorous Unit Award for the period 17 January 2003 to 17 August 2003.

Operation Iraqi Freedom I
After returning from their OEF III rotation to Afghanistan, fire support elements of 3–319 deployed to Iraq with 1st Brigade from January to April 2004. On 27 January 2004, Sergeant Cory R. Mracek, a forward observer from A/3-319, was killed by an IED near Iskandariyah, Iraq.

Operation Enduring Freedom VI
From February to April 2005, 3–319 AFAR (HSB, B Battery and C Battery) and D/319 AFAR deployed to OEF VI. While the three firing batteries and an attached radar detachment (234 Field Artillery Detachment) provided fires through southern and eastern Afghanistan, the battalion also formed the headquarters of Task Force Gun Devil, controlling infantry companies A/1-325, D/2-504 and B/1-508, 74th LRS, provisional maneuver elements formed from HSB/3-319 and U.S. Army military police as well as Romanian infantry. During this deployment, 3-319 AFAR was commanded by LTC Bert Ges.

Operation Iraqi Freedom 2009–10
From September 2009 to September 2010, 3–319, commanded by LTC Jose Thompson, deployed with 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division to Al Anbar province in western Iraq as an "advise and assist brigade". While there, the battalion conducted combined airborne operations as well as indirect live fire training with Iraqi forces. The battalion earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation for the period 24 January 2010 to 28 July 2010.

Operation Enduring Freedom 2012
The 3–319th AFAR returned to Afghanistan, providing fire support to TF Devil operations in Ghazni province. Under the command of LTC David Pierce, the battalion served a traditional field artillery mission, not as a provisional maneuver unit, and focused on the counterfire fight. HHB and Battery B were awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation for their actions from 16 February 2012 to 15 September 2012.

In 2013, the battalion was the first operational unit to field the M119A3 howitzer.

Operation Resolute Support
In August 2021, the battalion deployed on short notice to participate in the final evacuation of U.S. forces from Afghanistan. The battalion was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation for its participation in the evacuation of Hamid Karzai International Airport in August 2021.

Lineage and honors

Lineage
Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as Battery C, 319th Field Artillery, an element of the 82d Division.
Organized 2 September 1917 at Camp Gordon, Georgia.
Demobilized 18 May 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
Reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves as Battery C, 319th Field Artillery, an element of the 82d Division (later redesignated as the 82d Airborne Division).
Organized in January 1922 at Decatur, Georgia.
Reorganized and redesignated 13 February 1942 as Battery C, 319th Field Artillery Battalion.
Ordered into active military service 25 March 1942 and reorganized at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana. *Reorganized and redesignated 15 August 1942 as Battery C, 319th Glider Field Artillery Battalion.
Reorganized and redesignated 15 December 1947 as Battery C, 319th Field Artillery Battalion.
(Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps.)
Withdrawn 15 November 1948 from the Organized Reserve Corps and allotted to the Regular Army.
Reorganized and redesignated 15 December 1948 as Battery C, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion.
Reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1957 as Battery C, 319th Field Artillery, an element of the 82d Airborne Division.
Relieved 24 June 1960 from assignment to the 82d Airborne Division and assigned to the 25th Infantry Division.
Relieved 1 July 1961 from assignment to the 25th Infantry Division.
Reorganized and redesignated 25 June 1963 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3d Battalion, 319th Artillery, and assigned to the 173d Airborne Brigade (organic elements constituted 26 March 1963 and activated 25 June 1963).
Redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 3d Battalion, 319th Field Artillery.
Relieved 14 January 1972 from assignment to the 173d Airborne Brigade and assigned to the 101st Airborne Division.
Relieved 2 October 1986 from assignment to the 101st Airborne Division and assigned to the 82d Airborne Division.

Campaign participation credit
World War I: St. Mihiel; Meuse Argonne; Lorraine 1918
World War II: Sicily; Naples Foggia; Normandy (with arrowhead); Rhineland (with arrowhead); Ardennes Alsace; Central Europe
Vietnam: Defense; Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer Fall 1969; Winter Spring 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase VII; Consolidation I
Armed forces expeditions: Panama (with arrowhead)
Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait; Cease-Fire
War on Terrorism
Afghanistan: Consolidation I, Transition I
Iraq: Iraqi Surge; Iraqi Sovereignty

Note: The published US Army lineage lists "Campaigns to be determined" as of 2007. Comparison of the battalion's deployment dates with War on Terrorism campaigns shows that the battalion is entitled to the campaigns listed.

Decorations
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered CHIUNZI PASS
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered STE. MERE EGLISE
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered DAK TO
  Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered HAMID KARZAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 2021
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1965 1967
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered SOUTHWEST ASIA
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered IRAQ 2010
  Army Superior Unit Award, Streamer embroidered 1983
  French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered STE. MERE EGLISE
  French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II, Streamer embroidered COTENTIN
  French Croix de Guerre, World War II, Fourragere
  Military Order of William (Degree of the Knight of the Fourth Class) Streamer embroidered NIJMEGEN 1944
 Netherlands Orange Lanyard
  Belgian Fourragere 1940
 Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at St. Vith
 Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the Ardennes
 Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in Belgium and Germany
  Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1965 1970
  Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1970 1971
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery additionally entitled to:
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered AFGHANISTAN 2012
Battery B additionally entitled to:
  Presidential Unit Citation (Navy), Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1966
  Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered AFGHANISTAN 2012
Battery C additionally entitled to:
  Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered TUY HOA

Heraldry

Distinctive unit insignia
319th Field Artillery Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia

Coat of arms
319th Field Artillery Regiment Coat of Arms

References

External links
Official Facebook Page

319 3
F 319 3
F 319 3
Military units and formations established in 1917


An inkanyamba is a kind of eel that is found in some legends. The legends tell about a gigantic, winged eel with a big appetite that is associated with extreme storms. The Inkanyamba is also a legendary serpent said to be living in a waterfall lake in the northern forests near Pietermaritzburg, most commonly in the base of Howick Falls, South Africa. The Zulu people of the area believe it to be a large serpent with an equine head. It is a very tall creature. It is invisible, so no one has ever seen it. Inkanyamba in English means the deity of tornadoes, taking the form of a black snake.

Legendary creatures

Inkanyamba


Gordon L. Kindlmann is an American computer scientist who works on information visualization and image analysis. He is recognized for his contributions in developing tools for  tensor data visualization.

Biography
Gordon Kindlmann graduated from Cornell University with a BA in mathematics in 1995 and a MS in computer graphics in 1998. He then attended the University of Utah for his PhD, where he worked at the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute under Christopher R. Johnson and graduated in 2004. While at Utah, he developed a set of methods for visualizing volumetric data interactively using multidimensional transfer functions, which were each cited over 500 times.

Following his PhD, he was a post-doctoral research fellow in the Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging at Brigham and Women's Hospital affiliated with Harvard Medical School, where he developed the tensor glyph, a scientific visualization tool for visualizing the degrees of freedom of a . His work in diffusion tensor MRI visualization was included in a chapter of The Visualization Handbook. He joined the computer science faculty at the University of Chicago as an assistant professor in 2009, where he teaches an acclaimed five-week course on Scientific Visualizations.

In 2013, Kindlmann appeared in Computer Chess, an independent comedy-drama film written and directed by Andrew Bujalski about a group of software engineers in 1980 who write programs to compete in computer chess. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize, and subsequently screened at SXSW and the Maryland Film Festival.

References

Living people
American computer scientists
American male actors
Information visualization experts
Cornell University alumni
University of Utah alumni
University of Chicago faculty
Computer graphics researchers
Scientific computing researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Gordon Kindlmann


Tomasz Sapieha (1598 – April 1646) was a Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth noble and politician. Voivode of Wenden (1641–1643), Voivode of Nowogródek (1643–1646).

Biography
He was the son of Mikołaj Sapieha, brother of Kazimierz Mikołaj Sapieha.

From 1617 he studied in a Jesuit college in Lublin; from 1619 to 1621 at the Academy of Cracow. From 1621 to 1625 he studied abroad, in Padua, Bologne and Leuven.

After returning to his homeland, he stayed at the court of the Polish king, Zygmunt III Waza. In 1632 he lost his hand in a duel with Jerzy Zenonowicz. He nonetheless took part in the Smolensk War, sponsoring a hussaria chorągiew.

In 1640 he was elected the president of the Lithuanian Tribunal. In 1641 he became the Voivode of Wenden, and in 1643, Voivode of Nowogródek. In 1643 he was also one of the negotiators, chosen by Sejm, for the Polish-Muscovite negotiations.

He died in Vilnius between 2 and 8 of April 1646.

1598 births
Tomasz Sapieha
1646 deaths

Tomasz Sapieha


Tromsø is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, with an area  and a population of 77,992. The city center of Tromsø (settlement) is located on the island of Tromsøya, but the urban area also surrounds part of the nearby mainland and part of the island Kvaløya.  Tromsø is known for its nice weather because it's up north but still gets warm ocean water from the Gulf Stream. Tromsø's latitude of just below 70°N means there's an annual midnight sun and polar night depending on the season. The city has a rich Norse and Sámi heritage, with evidence of them living there since the end of the ice age. The name Tromsø is believed to come from the Old Norse name of the island Trums, which means "(strong) current." However, the first part of the name's etymology is uncertain. Tromsø is a cultural hub for the region, with several festivals taking place in the summer. Many countries used to have consulates or missions in Tromsø in the 1990s.

Related pages
List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027

References

Tromsø

Tromsø


Regionalzug (), abbreviated as R, is a type of local passenger train in Austria. It is similar to the Regionalbahn (RB) and Regio (R) train categories in neighboring Germany and Switzerland, respectively. In general, a Regionalzug service will make all station stops, as opposed to trains such as the Regional-Express (REX).

Passenger rail transport in Austria

Regionalzug


Dragon Tiger Gate is a 2006 Hong Kong martial arts action film directed by Wilson Yip and featuring fight choreography by Donnie Yen, who also stars in the film. The film is based on the manhua Oriental Heroes, which bears the same Chinese title as the film. The film's release in all English-speaking territories is handled by The Weinstein Company.

A punching bag constructed for the film, measuring about  high,  wide and weighing about 400 pounds, was certified as the world's largest by Guinness World Records.

Plot

Dragon Tiger Gate is an academy established by two powerful martial artists. It aims to train students in martial arts in order to uphold justice and combat the threat of the Triad. It is also a haven for children who had been orphaned by the Triad. While Luocha Cult is a Pan-Asia heretic cult/drug trafficking organization led by the dictating might of its cult leader: Shibumi the Jashin of Frame Cloud. Shibumi, who is the only master of the legendary Yijin Jing and has many fearsome Kung Fu masters at his disposal, controls the entire Asia-Pacific Underground Drug market with Hong Kong as his base of operations.

The story begins with the two sons of Fu Hu Wong, one of the founders of the academy, who were each born to different mothers. The older is named Dragon and the younger is named Tiger. When the boys were young, Dragon's mother left the academy and gave Dragon half of a Jade amulet pendant and told him that his half-brother, Tiger, has the other half. When Dragon's mother was killed in a fire, Dragon was taken under the care of the Triad boss, Ma Kun, and he grew up to become his bodyguard. Ma Kun's gang is a subject of the evil Luocha Cult, which supervises Hong Kong's Drug dealing on its behalf. Tiger was raised by his elder uncle, Master Xian Lung Wong, after his parents' disappearance.

Several years later, Tiger and his friends are dining in a restaurant and encounter Ma Kun and his men, who are receiving the Luocha Plaque. A symbol of authority within the Luocha Cult indicates that the holder is second only to the cult's leader, Shibumi. Ma Kun and the leader of the White Lions Gang were arguing over the plaque when Tiger accidentally interrupts the meeting. One of Tiger's friends makes off with the plaque while Tiger starts a fight with the gangsters. Just then, Dragon appears and fights Tiger, whom he does not recognize to be his half-brother. Ma Kun calls for Dragon to pull back.

Later that night, Dragon confronts Tiger and his friends at a Japanese restaurant to take back the plaque. Tiger and his friends have been drugged by Scaly, one of Ma Kun's lackeys, who also wanted to retrieve the plaque to prove to his boss that he is the better man. Scaly and his followers fight Dragon over possession of the plaque. Turbo Shek, another eater at the restaurant, is aroused by the commotion and he joins the fight on Dragon's side. Dragon and Turbo defeat Scaly and his men and Dragon takes back the plaque from Tiger. Just then, Tiger discovers that Dragon has the other half of the jade amulet pendant and realizes that Dragon is his half-brother.

Turbo follows Tiger back to Dragon Tiger Gate, wanting to be enrolled into the academy to improve his martial arts skills. He is refused by the current leader of the academy, Master Wong, for his arrogance. Dismayed, Turbo waits outside the academy and promises not to leave unless he is accepted as a student. Master Wong agrees to spar with Turbo and defeats him easily. Turbo is humbled and accepted by Master Wong as a student.

Meanwhile, Ma Kun returns the Luocha Plaque to signify his retirement. He is supported by Dragon, who wants to return to Dragon Tiger Gate, and his daughter Ma Xiaoling, who wants a simple life. Shibumi sees this as an insult and sends his henchmen, the Double Devils, to kill Ma Kun. He uses his subordinate Rosa to lure Dragon away while his minions kill Ma Kun. Dragon returns to rescue Ma Kun, but it is too late. Dragon slays the Double Devils after a vicious fight and leaves Ma Xiaoling in his brother's care before leaving. Although he collapses on a grassland after succumbing to his wounds, he survives after having a vision of his young self giving him the jade pendant (his mother once gave him). Meanwhile, Tiger befriends the grieving Ma Xiaoling.

Shibumi was impressed with Dragon for defeating his henchmen and goes to Dragon Tiger Gate to issue a challenge. With Dragon absent, Master Wong, Tiger, and Turbo takes on Shibumi's challenge but were no match for him. As Master Wong had managed to put up a fight before being defeated, he is deemed worthy enough to die at Shibumi's hands while Shibumi spares the severely wounded Tiger and Turbo for their lack of skill. Ma Xiaoling, realizing that Shibumi will eventually come back for her and the rest of them and with Dragon not there, they would lose just as they had this time, brings Tiger and Turbo to Mount Baiyun to seek help from Master Qi as Dragon senses the passing of Master Wong and returns only to find the demolished Dragon Tiger Gate as he realizes he is too late to protect Master Wong, his brother and Xiaoling and screams in sadness before collapsing. Master Qi heals the wounded Tiger and Turbo and trains them for their incoming final battle with Shibumi, including teaching new martial arts techniques: Spinning Lightning Dragon Kick and Invulnerable Golden Bell Technique. Dragon also practices to fight Shibumi for the first and final time after having reminisced of his time with Xiaoling and appears to have developed a new one.

Tiger and Turbo storm Shibumi's Black Pagoda to stop his reign of terror once and for all and engage him in a fierce fight, using all their greatly improved martial arts abilities and the new techniques they have learned to battle him. However, despite putting up a far better fight than before and even being praised by Shibumi for their improved abilities, Tiger and Turbo are ultimately still outmatched and severely beaten. As Shibumi mocks them for having embarrassed the techniques they have learned and is about to finally kill them, Dragon appears to engage Shibumi, tossing the Plaque back in honor of the Gate, and after luring Shibumi away from his injured brother and Turbo, engages him calmly with his improved abilities as he gains the upper hand and even mocks Shibumi to provoke his temper, eventually killing him with his Eighteen Subduing Dragon Palms technique. Before the film ends, Dragon returns to Dragon Tiger Gate together with Tiger and Turbo (who decides to change his name to Leopard) to carry on Master Wong's legacy.

Development
The production group initially proposed that Yen be the director of the film. At a later point the production group found another director and other actors, and suggested that Yen be another actor in the film; Yen decided to do the latter. Yen also did the choreography of the fight stunts.

Shawn Yue experienced an asthma attack during filming.

Cast
Donnie Yen as Dragon Wong / Wong Siu Long
Howard Sit as young Dragon
Nicholas Tse as Tiger Wong / Wong Siu Fu
Tam Chun-ho as young Tiger
Shawn Yue as Turbo Shek / Shek Hak Lung
Dong Jie as Ma Xiaoling
Isabella Leong as Ma Xiaoling (voice)
Chen Kuan-tai as Ma Kun
Yu Kang as Shibumi
Louis Koo as Shibumi (voice)
Li Xiaoran as Lousha
Ella Koon as Lousha (voice)
Chan Kwan-king as young Lousha
Yuen Wah as Master Wong
Wong Yuk-long as Master Qi
Vincent Sze as Scaly
Tommy Yuen as Xing
Sam Chan as Ming
Alan Lam as Patch
Nick Lam as Hei
Xing Yu as Fan
Yan Hua as Stick
Sheren Tang as Dragon's mother

Sequel

In a Hong Kong interview with the production crew, it was quoted that the cast and crew intends to create a sequel to expand the story on screen by summer of 2007. However, with the original cast committed to a long list of other projects, there has been no indication of any level of production or completion by the announced date. As of now, there has been no further mention of a sequel.

Reception
Paul Fonoroff of the South China Morning Post stated that there was a "bad script" and "plodding plot". Another article by the South China Morning Post stated that the "overtly cartoonish feel" resulted in reception from film reviewers being "lukewarm".

References

External links

Dragon Tiger Gate at the Hong Kong Movie Database
Dragon Tiger Gate on LoveAsianFilm.com
Dragon Tiger Gate plot synopsis on donnieyen.com

2006 films
Films based on Hong Kong comics
2006 action films
2006 martial arts films
2000s Cantonese-language films
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
Kung fu films
Films directed by Wilson Yip
Live-action films based on comics
Films scored by Kenji Kawai
Triad films
2000s Hong Kong films

Dragon Tiger Gate


Amarachuku C. Enyia, known as Amara Enyia, is an American strategist, politician, community organizer, and municipal consultant. She is the policy and research coordinator for the Movement for Black Lives; the chairwoman of the International Civil Society Working Group (ICSWG) of the United Nations Permanent Forum on People of African Descent; and a senior advisor to the Institute On Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School. She has also worked as the director of Chicago's Austin Chamber of Commerce; the interim village manager of University Park, Illinois; and chief executive officer of ACE Municipal Partners, a municipal consulting firm. Enyia was a candidate for mayor of Chicago in 2015 and 2019, receiving 8% of the vote in the first round of the latter election.

Enyia is regarded to be a political progressive.

Early life and education
Enyia's parents were born in Nigeria and migrated to the United States in the 1970s. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised in University Park, Illinois, where she attended Crete-Monee High School. Her father was a professor at Governors State University. She attended graduate school and law school at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she received a Master of Education in 2008, a J.D. in 2009, and a PhD in Educational Policy Studies in 2010. At the University of Illinois, Enyia worked as a reporter, development editor and editor-in-chief for Illini Media.

Policy work and community organizing
Enyia worked in the policy department of the Chicago mayor's office from 2009 until the end of Mayor Richard M. Daley's term in May 2011. In this fellowship she worked on a variety of matters, including ones related to transportation and ecumenic development.

After her fellowship in Daley's office, she worked as a community organizer in Chicago's West Side. In April 2011, she was hired as the executive director of Austin Coming Together, an umbrella organization that promotes coordination and collaboration between community and nonprofit organizations in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago. She spent roughly a year in this position. During her time as executive director of Austin Coming Together, she was also part of the Community Action Councils, which assisted the Chicago Public Schools to develop an educational strategy in the city's communities. She also founded ACE Municipal Partners, a consulting firm that works with municipal officials. In 2013, Enyia began working as the director of the Austin Chamber of Commerce. She held this position until 2019, when she stepped down amid her second campaign for mayor of Chicago. Enyia also blogged about local government affairs under the pseudonym "The Municipal Maven."

Having aborted a campaign for mayor of Chicago months earlier, in September 2015, Enyia formed an exploratory committee to look at launching a possible primary election challenge to longtime incumbent Democratic congressman Danny Davis in 2016. In November 2015, she had announced that would not be challenging Davis and that she would instead be collaborating with Davis to establish a new youth initiative called the "Bridge program" that would partner local youth with elected officials and community stakeholders with expertise. The aim of the program was to increase youth engagement in political organizing. In late-2015, Enyia, in partnership with Congressman Davis, launched the Bridge initiative in the Austin neighborhood.

Enyia was one of eight co-authors of the 2016 book Chicago Isn't Broke: Funding the City We Deserve, the main author of which was former Chicago alderman Dick Simpson. Enyia also worked as a policy director for the Chicago Pincipals and Administrators Association.

In May 2017, Enyia took a job as the interim village manager of University Park, Illinois. Her brief tenure as interim village manager was later reported to have been troublesome, with a dispute taking place between her and the village surrounding what her salary should be, and some village trustees criticizing her during her tenure for doing what they regarded to be an insufficient amount of work. The village's mayor Vivian Covington praised the value of Eniya's legal expertise, despite critics in the village arguing it was limited in value by the fact she was not a practicing attorney. In August 2017, her tenure ended.

In September 2017, Enyia began consulting work for Kids First Chicago, a significant school choice advocacy group. This came despite Enyia's stated political opposition to charter schools. Enyia worked as a consultant on Chris Kennedy's 2018 Illinois gubernatorial campaign. Enyia founded of the Institute for Cooperative Economics and Economic Innovation social lab in 2018, for which she partnered with the organization Blue1647. However, the social lab never advanced beyond a nascent stage before Enyia abandoned it to pursue her second campaign for mayor, at which time she also left her role as director of the Austin Chamber of Commerce.

In 2019, after her mayoral campaign, Enyia joined the board of directors of the Chicago Community Loan Fund. By 2021, Eniya had begun serving as the policy and research coordinator for the Movement for Black Lives. Enyia also has served chairwoman of the International Civil Society Working Group (ICSWG) of the United Nations Permanent Forum on People of African Descent. She also has served as a strategist for the Global Circle for Reparations and Healing (GCRH). Enyia also worked as a leader in residence at the Atlantic Institute. Enyia is a senior advisor to the Institute On Race, Power and Political Economy at The New School.

Amid the 2020 George Floyd protests and coinciding civil unrest, Enyia helped organize local organizations and block clubs to protect local businesses in the Austin neighborhoods from vandalism and looting. She also penned an op-ed for Injustice Watch arguing that Chicago should "defund" its police department. In March 2021, Enyia gave her endorsement to an ordinance introduced by Byron Sigcho-Lopez that would see the city of Chicago spend $180 million in federal stimulus funding on creating new sites to distribute COVID-19 vaccines and increase the staffing at the city's health department.

Mayoral campaigns

2015

Enyia announced her candidacy for the 2015 mayoral election on February 25, 2015. Alongside Robert Shaw, who announced the same day, she was one of the first two candidates to announce that they were going to challenge incumbent mayor Rahm Emanuel. Eniya planned to run a grassroots campaign operation.

Enyia's campaign failed to register in preference polls, and as a candidate she didn't disclose many specific plans. She withdrew from the race on December 9, 2014 and endorsed Bob Fioretti the next day. Enyia dropped-out due to the fact that her candidature petitions were being challenged and her campaign lacked the resources to fight such a challenge.

2019

On August 28, 2018, Enyia announced that she would once again run for Chicago mayor in the 2019 election at a campaign launch event in the Bridgeport neighborhood. Enyia expressed support for police reform, increasing budget transparency, investment in neighborhood development projects, and proposed the creation of a public bank and the use of Community Benefits Agreements for large development projects. Politically, Enyia described herself as an independent Democrat.

On October 16, 2018, she was endorsed by Chance the Rapper, garnering significant attention for her campaign in local media and national media. Chance later donated $400,000 to her campaign.

On December 12, her campaign saw a high-profile departure, with her communications director quitting citing, "troubling factors". Enyia replaced her departing communications director with Camonghne Felix. Some ultimately characterized Enyia's campaign as disorganized.

On January 31, Dorothy Brown, whose own candidacy had ended after she was removed from the ballot due to issues with her petition, endorsed Enyia. Enyia embraced this endorsement, and praised Brown. There was speculation as to whether this endorsement would be of assistance or detriment to Enyia's candidacy. It was speculated that it might have helped Enyia by introducing her to Brown's base of support (which tended to be older African American churchgoing women), and might have elevated her to be considered more of a tip-tier candidate. It was also speculated that it could have harmed her candidacy, as Brown was a longtime officeholder with significant ethics concerns, which could have undermined Enyia's efforts to present herself as an outsider candidate seeking to upend political corruption.

Due to her 2015 campaign not filing quarterly finance reports after it was suspended, she accrued $73,540 in debt that would have to be paid for her to appear on the 2019 ballot. On October 22, 2018, Kanye West made a contribution of that exact amount to Enyia's campaign. The campaign released a statement that its debt to the Illinois State Board of Elections had been paid in full and thanking West for his "generous action".

Eniya's campaign focused much of its efforts on the youth vote. One of her efforts was a February 11 "Party to the Polls", which Eniya described as a key part of her strategy aimed at engaging college students. The rally bussed college students from seventeen Chicago-area campuses to the Richard J. Daley Center for a rally followed by early voting. It went poorly. Despite having been advertised to appear, Chance the Rapper backed out the day of the rally. Despite heavy advance advertising of the event on college campuses, only roughly forty people showed up to the rally. Ultimately, youth turnout in the election was low.

As press coverage of Eniya increased towards February, the increased scrutiny brought bad press. At the start of February the Chicago Tribune reported that in 2018, Enyia had failed to report a third of her income, including the $21,000 she received or her work on Chris Kennedy's gubernatorial campaign. In mid-February, the Tribune reported that Eniya had allegedly failed to pay a former campaign spokesperson $24,000 for four-month of work. Additionally, Enyia's campaign website was criticized for claims on her website and in past media appearances that she was an Ironman competitor, despite never having competed in an Ironman-branded event.

In the preliminary election on February 26, 2019, Enyia placed sixth in a field of fourteen candidates, winning about 8% of the vote.

Enyia opted against endorsing either Lori Lightfoot or Toni Preckwinkle in the runoff, arguing that neither of the two candidates were truly "progressive".

In July 2019, Enyia's campaign was sued by 24 former campaign staffers alleging wage theft. Enyia's campaign responded by saying that the campaign was in debt, and that it planned to continue holding fundraisers to pay off the debt and unpaid wages. Enyia and Gray are defendants in the lawsuit, along with campaign operations director Pilar Audain, field director Marcus Ferrell and treasurer and finance director DeAnna Gran. Enyia's campaign manager, Joshua Gray, accused her of making proimises to pay the staff in question, alleging that she promised them, "she could get the money from her celebrity donors who were giving her money at the time." On October 24, 2022, the Illinois Department of Labor's Law Division found that Gray had been responsible for the operations and involved in talks about expenditures.

Enyia's campaign received significant coverage in the 2020 Steve James documentary series City So Real, which centers on the mayoral election.

Personal life
At the time of 2019 mayoral candidacy, Enyia was residing in the Garfield Park neighborhood in Chicago. She has five siblings, including a twin sister.

She describes herself as fluent in Igbo, Spanish, French, and Portuguese.

Relatives
In 2020, her cousin Chibuike Enyia was elected to the village board of Oak Park, Illinois.

Her brother, Chimaobi Enyia, was formerly the director of the Illinois Liquor Control Commission and formerly an aide to Illinois Governor Pat Quinn. 2023 Chicago mayoral election runner-up Paul Vallas, after his 2023 election loss, filed a lawsuit against Chimaobi Enyia for allegedly defrauding his campaign of $680,000 while working as a vendor hired for Black voter outreach.

Bibliography
Enyia was one of the contributors to political scientist and former Chicago alderman Dick Simpson's 2016 book Chicago is Not Broke: Funding the City We Deserve.

Op-eds by Enyia
Mayoral candidates need to focus on economic divide –published by Crain's Chicago Business (March 12, 2019)
Chicago must defund—not just reform—the police –published by Injustice Watch (June 16, 2020)
Amara Enyia: Beware 'dialogue as spectacle' in fight to transform Chicago police  –published by Injustice Watch (September 15, 2020)
A Global Commitment to Combatting Anti-Blackness: Why the World Needs a Permanent Forum on People of African Descent –published by Ms. (July 29, 2021)
Why The Biden Administration Is Accountable For America's Bullying Past Towards Haiti –published by BET (September 25, 2021)
"Compromising" On $3.5 Trillion Social Safety Net Bill Harms Black Communities. We Can't Let That Happen. (co-written with Maurice Mitchell) – published by Essence (October 26, 2021)
Op-Ed: Chicago's Bitter Pill of Violence –published by Chicago Magazine (June 6, 2022)
Op-Ed: Reparations Must Be More Than A Check –published by NewsOne (August 2, 2022)
Looking for Tax Money in All the Wrong Places: Structural Racism at the IRS –published by Nonprofit Quarterly (April 19, 2023)

Other written works
The Municipal Maven –blog authored by Eniya (active between April 2013 and July 2015)

Further reading
Amara Enyia on Systems Building for Reparations and Racial Healing –published by the Rockefeller Foundation (February 27, 2023)

Electoral history

Notes

African-American people in Illinois politics
African-American women in politics
American people of Nigerian descent
Politicians from Chicago
Women in Illinois politics
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century American politicians
People from University Park, Illinois
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American political consultants
American community activists

Amara Enyia


Sam O'Neill, known by his stage name TCTS, is an English DJ and record producer from Manchester. He is signed to Chase & Status' record label, MTA. O'Neill is best known for his 2014 song "Games", which reached number 29 on the UK Dance Chart.

Career
TCTS' debut EP, Hands, was released on 15 May 2012 through Cool Kid Music. He released a single, "1997", through Bondax's label Just Us on 10 September 2012. The signing came about after he submitted the song to Rob Adcock's BBC Introducing from Stoke radio show and Bondax heard it played on Huw Stephens' BBC Radio 1 show. His second EP, These Heights, was released on 11 November 2013 through Greco-Roman. Pitchfork's Larry Fitzmaurice described the release as "warm and weird".

His third EP, "Games", was released through MTA Records on 8 July 2014. The title track features vocals from KStewart, the sister of Example's ex-band-member David Stewart. Earmilk described the song as "a choppy synth-driven production with bouncy dance floor appeal". It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 117. Stereogum described "You", a promotional single from the EP, as "an effervescent house cut built around melancholy piano, rubbery synths, and an assured yet emotionally wrecked vocal". His next EP, Body, was released on 29 March 2015 and was preceded by its promotional singles "Thinking About You" and "Coupe de Ville".

O'Neill has received extensive airplay on BBC Radio 1Xtra, received support from Huw Stephens, Annie Mac and Rob da Bank's BBC Radio 1 shows and also appeared for a guest mix on Triple J.

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

Remixes

References

Living people
English electronic musicians
Musicians from Manchester
Year of birth missing (living people)

TCTS


The Old Man of Lochnagar is a 1980 children's book written by King Charles III, at that time the Prince of Wales, and illustrated by Sir Hugh Casson. The story revolves around an old man who lives in a cave in the cliffs surrounding the corrie loch under the Lochnagar, a mountain which overlooks the royal estate at Balmoral in Scotland where the Royal Family spend much of their summer holidays.

The story of the old man of Lochnagar was one King Charles had told some years earlier to entertain his brothers, Andrew and Edward, when they were young. The book was published in 1980 in aid of The Prince's Trust charity.

The book was later adapted into an animated short film by the BBC, with Robbie Coltrane providing the voice of the hermit and Prince Charles narrating. The film was titled The Old Man of Lochnagar in the UK and The Legend of Lochnagar in North America. The book was also adapted into a musical stage play. In 1984, Prince Charles read the story on the BBC children's programme Jackanory. He has also read it in Welsh and Scottish Gaelic translations on television.

In 2007, National Youth Ballet of Great Britain received permission from the Prince of Wales to create a new ballet based on the story. With choreography by Drew McOnie and a commissioned score by Nigel Hess, the ballet received its première at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London on 14 October 2007 and was performed from 24 to 27 October at Leatherhead Theatre in Surrey.

Plot
The book comprises six parts.

Part One
The old man loses his grip while attempting to scale the Lochnagar cliff and falls into the loch, where he meets "lagopus Scoticus," a "freshwater variant of Neptune". The man and lagopus Scoticus converse using bubbles which display their thoughts in written text and go hunting for "Loch-haggis" in a "sea-rover" underwater vehicle. After the hunt, the old man "feast[s] on Loch-haggis and suffer[s] terribly from wind," before going to sleep beside the loch.

Part Two
The old man wakes up with "a slight hangover", then sneezes so violently that the force directed into the ground shoots him up into the air. He ends up on top of Lochnagar but is then swept up by a golden eagle that carries him as far as Balmoral, where he bounces on a trampoline before coming to rest. He goes to the fountain and meets Mr Toad, who happens to have tenancy there. The toad offers help and agrees to take the man back to his cave. The man goes to sleep.

Part Three
Having slept for "several days" the man wakes and goes to use his specially-designed toilet. The toilet is so designed that bagpipes are played when it is flushed. On the toilet, the man reads books given to him by the Gorms - a race of "friendly little people" who live in "the stone cairns near Lochnagar" - in which they describe their world and promise to invite him to visit "when their research scientists ha[ve] discovered the right formula for a potion which, when drunk, would shrink the old man to the size of the little people." The man decides to go to Loch Muick and calls "twelve cock capercaillie" towards him. He harnesses them to a carriage and flies to the loch, landing his craft on the water "like a flying boat." He gives the birds "sugared daddy-long-legs" as a reward. The old man then gets two ospreys called "Skean" and "Dhu" to fish trout from the water for him. The capercaillie, ospreys and the old man all eat the fish together in the evening, exchanging stories until late at night.

Part Four
The man risks flying home to his cave by night, and has a few near-accidents on the way. He sleeps a few hours, then receives a letter and package from "a grouse with an evil look in its eye" as he is eating breakfast. It is an invitation to join the Gorms in their cairn; however, the man drinks the bottle without reading the warning on the front and thus has to make his way to the Gorms in a shrunken state, journeying "through giant clumps of heather and gigantic boulders." A group of Gorms laugh at his struggle as they see him arriving, then also as he slips on the floor upon entering. He descends a flight of stairs to a "vast hall" where the "king of the Gorms" is sat "[a]t the far end of the room."

Part Five
The man slips as he approaches the king and is once again laughed at by the Gorms. He later discovers that the king wears rubber soles to prevent this happening to him and that the king also wears a "peculiar rubber matt" over his bottom to "prevent him slipping off his throne all the time." The king gives him a tour of the cairn and its industries. The reader discovers that is the Gorms who manufacture copper and put it on copper beach trees and go out on "heathercraft" to spray heather with a "purple liquid" without which it "wouldn't be as beautiful and purple as it is." The man then sees women "milking hind stag beetles," but accidentally "dilute[s] the special shrinking mixture" in his stomach and begins to grow back to full size. He is rushed out of the cairn before he grows back fully.

Part Six
The old man decides to visit London after overhearing the conversations of "people having picnics in the heather." He boards a train at Ballater, but the train is stopped near Aboyne by cows on the line. The cows are then cleared but the train is impeded again at Aberdeen, whence it can go no further because "heavy falls of snow ha[ve] blocked the line to London." The man decides to return to Ballater, but sees on the platform a woman dressed entirely in tartan and wearing a "huge hat [...] angrily prodding the station-master with her umbrella," in protest over the London service's cancellation.

The story ends by saying that the old man was secretly rather pleased not to go to London. "He couldn't think of anywhere more special to be," concludes the storyteller, "than to be living at the foot of Lochnagar."

References

External links
The Old Man of Lochnagar, 1980 at the Royal Collection

British children's books
1980 children's books
Children's fiction books
Books by Charles III
ABC Weekend Special
Hamish Hamilton books
Cultural depictions of Charles III
Children's books set in Scotland
Children's books set in London

The Old Man of Lochnagar


The Twelve Days of Christmas is an English Christmas carol which was published around 1780, and it is said that it was written by Catholics in hiding during the days of Queen Elizabeth I of England's persecution. It was invented to help teach children articles of the Catholic faith without drawing attention from government officials, using imagery as a tool to help the children remember. The song represents increasingly grand gifts given during each of The Twelve Days of Christmas. The partridge in a pear tree symbolizes Christ on the Cross. The two turtledoves represent his Human and divine nature, the two books of the Old and New Testament, and the two tablets the Ten Commandments were carved on. The three French hens symbolize the Trinity of the Catholic faith: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, as well as the three Cardinal virtues of Faith, Hope and Charity. The four calling birds were the four Evangelists who wrote the gospels, etc.
This Christmas song has been subject to parody numerous times and has been covered by multiple musicians, including though not limited to Connie Francis, Natalie Cole, and the Muppets over many years.

Collage

Christmas songs
1780s songs

The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)


Lieve Pietersz Verschuier (1627–1686) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of maritime subjects.

Biography
He was born in Rotterdam, and is documented in Amsterdam in 1651, where he possibly learned to paint from Simon de Vlieger. He traveled to Rome in 1653 as a young man with Jan Vermeer van Utrecht and became friends with Willem Drost and Johann Carl Loth.  On his return he settled in Rotterdam in 1667 where he remained, painting marine scenes, and Italianate landscapes.

His maritime works are valued today for their historical value illustrating the art of shipbuilding in the 17th century.

References

1627 births
1686 deaths
Painters from Rotterdam
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch marine artists

Lieve Verschuier


Andrew 'Andy' Charles Oates (born 1969 in Adelaide, Australia) is an Australian and British developmental biologist and embryologist specialized in biological pattern formation. He is professor at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) and head of the Segmentation Timing and Dynamics Laboratory at EPFL's School of Life Sciences. Since 2021, he has been dean of EPFL's School of Life Sciences.

Career
Oates received an undergraduate degree in biochemistry with honors for his work at the Robert Saint's laboratory at the University of Adelaide in 1992. He then joined Andrew F. Wilks at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and at the University of Melbourne as PhD student, and graduated in 1998. His postdoctoral time was at the laboratory of Robert Ho both at Princeton University and at University of Chicago, where he began his studies on the segmentation clock in zebrafish. In 2003, he moved to the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden to start his research group. In 2012, he became professor of vertebrate developmental genetics at University College London and moved his group to the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill in London. In April 2015, he became a member of the Francis Crick Institute in London.

In 2016, he joined EPFL as a full professor, where he is the founder and director of the Timing, Oscillation, Patterns Laboratory at EPFL's School of Life Sciences.

Since 2018, he has served as director of the EPFL's Institute of Bioengineering, and since January 2021 he has been the dean of the EPFL's School of Life Sciences.

Research
Oates' research laboratory is composed of biologists, engineers, and physicists. It  draws on molecular genetics, quantitative imaging, and theoretical analysis in order to investigate populations of coupled genetic oscillators in  vertebrate embryos, termed as segmentation clocks. These systems drive the rhythmic, sequential, and precise formation of embryonic body segments, exhibiting rich spatial and temporal phenomena spanning from molecular to tissue scales.

The laboratory' contributions are the direct connection of genes to segmentation rhythm, and the discovery that the rhythm also involves physical, collective processes at multi-cellular and tissue scales.

Distinctions
Oates is a member of the British Society of Developmental Biology. He is the recipient of the R.K. Mortenson Prize for Biochemistry 1991.

Selected works

References

External links

 Website of the Segmentation Timing and Dynamics Laboratory

1969 births
Living people
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
University of Adelaide alumni
University of Melbourne alumni
Embryologists
21st-century biochemists
Australian biologists
British biologists

Andrew Oates


Ultimate Epic Battle Simulator (UEBS) is a battle simulation fighting video game developed and published by pakistani developer Brilliant Game Studios. The game was released in Steam early access on April 12, 2017 for Microsoft Windows, and was fully released on June 2, 2017 for Microsoft Windows. The sequel, Ultimate Epic Battle Simulator 2, was released into early access on May 12, 2022.

Gameplay
In the game you can have two factions compete against each other. This can be, for example, historical units and personalities (e.g. catapults, knights, soldiers or Jesus Christ), film and comic characters (e.g. Chuck Norris or Godzilla), animals or fantasy beings (e.g. orcs or trolls). These have different skills and weapons available. The player also has the option of defining the battlefield and the positioning and number of units. Using artificial intelligence, the units fight against each other until there are no enemy units left.

Reception
GameStar reports on the simulator, it is less a game than a technical toy, could be clash in which vast armies. Since there is no unit limit, all computer hardware will eventually fail.

PC Games Hardware describes the game as an indie game by a 1-man team, which offers the player a huge sandbox to simulate gigantic mass battles between thousands and thousands of units. In general, however, some players criticize the lack of game content and say that it is nothing more than a nice tool, but it has a lot of potential and offers funny scenes and moments.

References

2017 video games
Open-world video games
Simulation video games
Strategy video games
Video games developed in Canada
Windows games
Windows-only games

Ultimate Epic Battle Simulator


Grave of the Fireflies (Japanese: 火垂るの墓; romanized: Hotaru no Haka; literally: Tomb of the Lampreys) is a Japanese anime film produced by Studio Ghibli in 1988.

This anime film is considered as extraordinary work, because unlike other anime films, it contains the story of two children who suffer from starvation, while struggling to live by themselves in World War II Japan, and they both die shortly after the war ends. Because of this, the film is considered "heartbreaking".

The director of the film is Isao Takahata. The music was composed by Michio Mamiya and Mamija Joshio. The film was based on a semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, which was first published in 1967. It was written by Nosaka Akiyuki, who wrote it to honor his sister who died from starvation during World War II, and to also cope with survivor guilt.

In 2005, a non-animated Japanese live action film of the same title and story was released.

Plot
The story is set in 1945 in Japan during the final months of World War II. Seita (aged 14) and his younger sister Setsuko (aged 4), are children who temporarily have no parents, after their mother dies in the bombing of Kobe (the children survived the bombing), while their father is out serving the Japanese Imperial Navy during the war, and knows nothing about the situation of his family back home. Because of this, Seita and Setsuko move in with their aunt who lives in the nearby city of Nishinomiya. Their aunt seems kind at first, but later treats them badly. After repeated insults, the children pack up and leave their aunt's house and move into an abandoned bomb shelter, which is located on the banks of a nearby river. Seita and Setsuko are well-fed at first (by eating the food they brought with them) but that lasts only a short while. The two fall into hunger, and after a while, the hunger turns into starvation. Meanwhile, Seita begins stealing food, for which he is assaulted by a farmer and sent to the police. The police realizes that he is stealing out of starvation and releases him from the station. Shorlty after his release, Seita continues stealing food. The war ends with the surrender of the Japanese. All of the ships serving the Japanese Imperial Navy had been sunk, and Seita and Setsuko's father is most likely dead, thus making them possible orphans. Seita is distraught upon learning of this. By the time the war ends, Setsuko is very weak and she dies shortly after the war ends. After her death, Seita buys some charcoal and cremates her body. After the cremation, Seita decides to leave the bomb shelter and become homeless. He dies in a train station all alone from starvation, as people who pass by him, ignore him and pretend they don't notice him. Upon his death, Seita's spirit reunites with his sister Setsuko's spirit.
The film ends with Seita and his sister Setsuko's spirits overlooking modern-day Kobe.

Related pages
 Grave of the Fireflies (2005 film)

Grave of the Fireflies


Wymondley is a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.

The parish was created on 1 April 1937 as a merger of the two former parishes of Great Wymondley and Little Wymondley. Prior to the creation of North Hertfordshire in 1974, Wymondley was part of Hitchin Rural District.

The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census is 1,153.

Wymondley was once the location of a dissenting academy for the education of future nonconformist ministers. The academy was active during 1799-1833 and went under various names, including Wymondley College.

Governance

North Hertfordshire District Council

Wymondley Parish is located within the local government district of North Hertfordshire. The principal settlements of the Parish are Little Wymondley and the smaller Great Wymondley, as well as the hamlets of Todd's Green and Titmore Green.

Wymondley forms part of Chesfield Ward; A Multi Member Ward represented by two Councillors, Cllr George Davies (Conservative) and Cllr Terry Tyler (Liberal Democrat).

Hertfordshire County Council
Wymondley is located within the Hertfordshire County Council Division of Knebworth and Codicote and is represented by Cllr Richard Thake (Conservative).

Parliamentary Representation

The Parish is represented in Parliament by Bim Afolami MP (Conservative) who was first elected as the MP for Hitchin and Harpenden in 2017.

References

External links

Wymondley Parish Council

Civil parishes in Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire District

Wymondley


Hopkinsville is an unincorporated community in northern Hamilton Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States, about one mile north of Maineville, two miles south of South Lebanon, and three miles northwest of Fosters at the crossroads of State Route 48 and the 3C Highway.

A post office called Hopkinsville was established in 1820, and remained in operation until 1903. James Hopkins, the first postmaster, gave the community his family's name.

References

Unincorporated communities in Warren County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio

Hopkinsville, Ohio


William Garnett Duncan (March 2, 1800 – May 25, 1875) was a United States representative from Kentucky. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Yale College in 1821. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1822 and commenced practice in Louisville, Kentucky.

Duncan was elected as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849) but declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1848. After leaving Congress, he moved to Louisiana and settled in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1850, where he continued the practice of law.

Retiring from active law practice in 1860, Duncan traveled in Europe. He resided for a while in Paris, France before returning to the United States in 1875 to Louisville, Kentucky. He died in that city on May 25, 1875, and was buried in Cave Hill Cemetery.

References

External links

1800 births
1875 deaths
Politicians from Louisville, Kentucky
Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
19th-century American politicians
Yale College alumni

Garnett Duncan


Sean Lissemore (born September 11, 1987) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and San Diego Chargers. He was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the seventh round (234th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at the College of William & Mary.

Early years
Lissemore grew up in Dumont, New Jersey. He attended Dumont High School, where he was a three-year starter, both at offensive guard, defensive end and linebacker.

As a senior, he handled kickoff duties, recorded 120 total tackles, nine sacks and one interception in his senior season. For his performance, he was selected to the First-team All-league as a linebacker and All-North Jersey Group 2, was invited to the Governor's Bowl and Bergen All-Star game and earned honorable mention all-county honors.

He was a four-year letterman and an all-league performer in track & field in the 100 (11.2 seconds) and 200 metres (23 seconds). He also competed in the shot put (51 ft or 15.67m) and the discus (140 ft or 42.67 m). He was also a three-year letter winner in wrestling, where he was an All-league performer and state medalist in the 215 pound weight class.

Outside of athletics, he was also a member of Captains for Tomorrows Children and the school's jazz band where he played the saxophone.

College career
Lissemore accepted a football scholarship from the College of William & Mary and majored in kinesiology. As a redshirt freshman in 2006, he collected 33 tackles (2.5 for loss) and one sack.

As a sophomore in 2007, he suffered a torn shoulder labrum and started 10-of-11 games at defensive tackle. He recorded 43 tackles (4 for loss), 2 sacks and one interception.

As a junior in 2008, he started all 11 games, registering 51 tackles (7.5 for loss), and 4 sacks. On the season, he was the W&M QB Club Defensive Player of the Week twice (Towson/Richmond) and Special Teams Player of the Week once (New Hampshire). Against the University of New Hampshire he had 10 tackles, 1.5 tackles for loss and one sack.

As a senior in 2009, he posted 66 tackles (14 for loss), 2 interceptions, 4 quarterback hurries, 4 passes defensed and one blocked kick, all while starting 14 games. He served as a team captain and along with future NFL player Adrian Tracy, contributed to a defense that allowed 61 rushing yards per game (first in the nation), 229 offensive yards per game (second in the nation), 12 points per game (second in the nation), 27 turnovers (13th nationally), 3.43 sacks per game (third in the nation), 8 tackles for loss per game (eighth in the nation) and a 28.1% conversion rate on 3rd down opportunities. He earned All-American honors from College Sporting News and Sports Network while also being selected to the All-CAA First Team. He played in the Texas vs The Nation All-Star Game.

Professional career

NFL Draft
At his Pro Day, he recorded 36 reps 225 pounds, he also ran a 4.83 second 40-yard dash and record a 30" vertical jump. In April before the draft, he was invited to a private workout with the New York Giants.

Dallas Cowboys
Lissemore was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the seventh round (234th overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He was declared inactive for the first 6 games of the season. He appeared in only two games, making his NFL debut in week eight against the Jacksonville Jaguars, where he recorded three tackles and half of a sack. He injured his left ankle on the opening kickoff of the ninth game against the Green Bay Packers and missed the next 3 contests before being placed on the injured reserve list on December 4.

In 2011, Lissemore played in all 16 games as a reserve defensive end in the team's 3–4 defense. He finished the year with 39 tackles (2 for loss), 2 sacks and 5 quarterback hurries. He also returned his first career kickoff for 38 yards against the Detroit Lions. Pro Football Focus determined that Lissemore was the third most efficient player on the entire Cowboys' defense in 2011, as well as the team's top run defender, making 14 stops on 107 run plays.

In 2012, he played in 10 games, starting 6 at nose tackle in place of an injured Jay Ratliff.  In September, the Cowboys reached a three-year extension with Lissemore. Lissemore's deal was worth $6 million (plus incentives), had $3.1 million guaranteed and included a $2 million signing bonus. He suffered an ankle injury in the fifth game against the Baltimore Ravens, forcing him to miss the next 6 contests with an ankle injury. On the season, he tallied 43 tackles, one sack and one quarterback pressure. He had 10 tackles against the Seattle Seahawks.

In 2013, the team switched to a 4–3 defense and Lissemore was traded to the San Diego Chargers in exchange for a 2015 seventh round pick (#236-Mark Nzeocha) on September 1, because he wasn't seen as a good fit for the new scheme.

San Diego Chargers
In 2013, he played in 15 games (2 starts), registering 31 tackles (5 for loss), 2 sacks, 1 interception and a touchdown.  Lissemore was productive all season, especially in the run game, posting a PFF score of +5.7 and was named the starting nose tackle in December. Lissemore intercepted a Robert Griffin III pass for a touchdown against the Washington Redskins. He missed the playoffs after suffering a shoulder injury.

In 2014, played as the starting nose tackle and saw action in 15 games, finishing with 32 tackles and one sack. He recovered a fumble in overtime against the 49ers that helped the Chargers overcome a large second half deficit and win the game 38-35.

In 2015, he appeared in 11 games (5 starts), tallying 17 tackles and 3 quarterback pressures, before being placed on the injured reserve list with a shoulder injury on December 28, after he missed 4 games.

On August 15, 2016, he was placed again on the injured reserve list after not recovering from his previous shoulder injury. Lissemore was named the team's 2016 NFL-USAA Salute to Service Award Nominee.

In 2017, he wasn't re-signed and announced his retirement on September 15.

Personal life
In 2019, he was named the athletic director at St. Mark's School of Texas.

References

1987 births
Living people
Dumont High School alumni
People from Dumont, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Teaneck, New Jersey
Players of American football from Bergen County, New Jersey
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
William & Mary Tribe football players
Dallas Cowboys players
San Diego Chargers players

Sean Lissemore


The IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal is an award given by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK. It is named after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), who made fundamental contributions to the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. The award is presented annually, and was established in 2006.

The award is given annually to outstanding individuals in recognition of: "groundbreaking contributions that have had an exceptional impact on the development of electronics and electrical engineering, or related fields".

Background
The medal was jointly established in 2006 by the IEEE and Royal Society of Edinburgh UK, with initial funding by Wolfson Microelectronics Ltd. Following the acquisition of Wolfson Electronics by Cirrus Logic Inc., in 2014, the medal is now supported by Cirrus Logic. Recipients receive an honorarium, a gold medal, a bronze replica and a certificate. The award is given to one or two individuals. Award recommendations are established by a committee for the award, and typically are approved by the IEEE Board of Directors in November of each year.

Recipients
The following people have received the IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal:

References

External links

Maxwell
Engineering awards
Royal Society of Edinburgh

IEEE/RSE James Clerk Maxwell Medal


Olivier Long (11 October 1915 – 19 March 2003) was a Swiss Ambassador and the director-general of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade from 6 May 1968 to 1 October 1980.

Oliver Long was born at Petit-Veyrier, Switzerland, near Geneva, on 11 October 1915. Besides having studied in London and Harvard, he had a Doctor of Laws from the University of Paris and Doctor of Political Science from the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International Studies. After military service in 1939-43, he joined the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and traveled across wartime Europe, negotiating prisoner-of-war exchanges and food relief assistance. After the war, he joined the Swiss federal government, and after service in Washington and London he began to work on trade issues as the director general of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. He helped keep the Western world moving toward freer trade in the 1970s despite protectionist pressures brought on by soaring oil prices, inflation and recession.

As director general of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade from 1968 to 1980, Oliver Long helped to bring about the largest reductions in tariffs since World War II. GATT, an organization based in Geneva, was created in 1948 to oversee international trade. He was the second director general of GATT, taking over from Eric Wyndham White, who had run the organization for the first 20 years of its existence. At first he was reluctant to take the job, since doing so meant giving up his post as Switzerland's ambassador to Britain and Malta, which he had accepted in 1967.

Representatives of the leading industrial nations met at a 1973 summit meeting in Tokyo, setting off a six-year free-trade effort that became known as the Tokyo Round. These were difficult years for proponents of free trade. When oil prices quadrupled at the end of 1973—a consequence of actions by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries—the twin shocks of recession and inflation rippled through the world economy. National currencies became exceptionally unstable. Industries everywhere pleaded with their governments for protection against foreign competitors. Yet Long managed to hold the world's democratic industrial governments, as well as some 20 developing countries, to the free trade commitments they had made at the start of negotiations. Not only did many tariffs drop, the Tokyo Round also represented the most comprehensive effort until then to eliminate or control other sorts of trade barriers, like quotas and export subsidies. In 1995, at the conclusion of another trade-liberalizing exercise known as the Uruguay Round, GATT's role in governing world commerce was assumed by the World Trade Organization, a new and more powerful institution.

Because of his close personal ties with many leading French politicians, Oliver Long became an intermediary between Charles de Gaulle's government in Paris and the Algerian National Liberation Front. He helped set up the talks that eventually led to the Evian agreements of 1962, which ended the Algerian war.

Oliver Long returned to commercial diplomacy, playing a prominent role in negotiations that led to creation of the European Free Trade Association, a trading bloc set up in 1959 by seven European countries that did not wish to join the six-nation European Community, or Common Market. He was also a professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, and was the author of several books and articles on economic affairs and political science.

He is survived by his wife, the former Francine Roels, whom he married in 1946, and by two daughters and a son, Dr. Eric Long .

External links
Biography at WTO

1915 births
2003 deaths
Directors-General of the World Trade Organization
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies

Olivier Long


The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 is a United States federal law that restricts the activities and power of labor unions.

The act, still active, was sponsored by Senator Robert A. Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley, Jr., and became law despite U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto on June 23, 1947. Labor leaders called it the "slave-labor bill" while President Truman argued that it was a "dangerous intrusion on free speech", arguing that it would "conflict with important principles of our democratic society".

The Taft–Hartley Act amended the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA; informally the Wagner Act), which Congress passed in 1935. The principal author of the Taft–Hartley Act was J. Mack Swigert, of the Cincinnati law firm Taft Stettinius & Hollister.

References

1947 in the United States
United States federal legislation

Taft–Hartley Act


Northern Moor is an area of Manchester, England, north of Baguley, west of Northenden and east of Sale, 5 miles south of Manchester city centre. The Tatton family lived from 1540 to 1926 at  Wythenshawe Hall in Northern Moor; land around it is now Wythenshawe Park, which was a deer park from 1200 to 1540. In former centuries it was spelt "Northen Moor" and meant "the moor area belonging to Northenden". Until 1931, Northern Moor was part of Cheshire, before Manchester expanded south of the River Mersey and its borders were changed to include Northern Moor and Northenden. The area includes Lawton Moor, and the northern border is now with Sale Moor.

The area has grown since the 1930s and 1940s to cover the area of the old Tatton family estate and farms.

In 1926, Mr.Tatton (country squire at Wythenshawe Hall) sold land in Wythenshawe, and it came into the hands of Manchester Corporation, which chose four farm fields in Northern Moor to be the Manchester (Wythenshawe) Aerodrome. Its runway opened in early 1929, with the old farm house used for offices. The airfield closed a few years later, moved to Eccles and became Barton Airport. The land was redeveloped with Rackhouse School opening in 1935, St. Michael's Church in 1937, St Aidan's Catholic School in 1938, and houses built in the 1930s and 1940s on the land. Northern Moor has grown further since, expanding to the Sale border. The Kerscott estate was a fruit farm with apple and plum trees. The area is now part of the Wythenshawe and Sale East Parliament constituency.

TV programmes
The ITV documentary seriesThe Duchess On The Estate, filmed between February and July 2009 in Northern Moor, was shown on TV on Tuesday 18 August and Tuesday 25 August 2009.

The ITV soapCoronation street was filmed for a number of weeks on location in Northern Moor including the Park Pub, the Pub car park and roads in the area. This was for the story line with Callum Logan and David Platt, in the run up to the live episode in September 2015.

Education
Primary schools in the area include Rack House Primary School (opened 1937), St. Aidan's Primary School (opened 1938) and Button Lane Primary School. Marcus Rashford, the Manchester United football player, was a student at Button Lane.

Dixons Brooklands Academy is the nearest secondary school serving Northern Moor. It is located on the south border of the area.

Pioneer House High School is a special school located in the area.

Northern Moor was also home to the Northenden campus of The Manchester College. This was formerly Yew Tree High School. It closed in 2022 and is being turned into a housing estate.

Transport
Tram: Northern Moor has two tram stops: Northern Moor Metrolink station and Wythenshawe park Metro station, both on the Manchester Airport line, services every 12 minutes to Manchester Victoria tramstop. This line opened in 2015.

Northern Moor is on the 41 bus route linking Sale and Manchester. Northern Moor is also on the number 19 bus route (to Manchester Airport) and the 108 route (to Wythenshawe Hospital). Northern Moor has road links with both the M60 and M56 motorways. Manchester Airport is a 10-minute drive away.

Religion

Local churches include Lawton Moor Methodist Church, St. Michael's Anglican church (Lawton Moor), St Aidan's Roman Catholic church and Northern Moor Community Church.

St Aidan's Catholic school opened in 1938 with the church being built in 1955. St. Michael Church is a Grade II listed building and opened in 1937, the Church building was built in a shape of a star.

Economy

Northern Moor has two main shopping areas, a restaurant and two pubs. One shopping area is Sale Circle and the other is Moor Croft where the Tesco supermarket was opened in 2019.

Northern Moor is mainly a residential area and most working people who live there travel to Manchester Airport, Manchester, Sale or Warrington to work.

Notable past residents
 Caroline Aherne, actress
 Billy Duffy, musician
 Steve Hanley, musician
 Sid Little, comedian
 Desmond Noonan, gangster
 Marcus Rashford, Manchester United footballer
 Marc Riley. bass guitarist and guitarist in The Fall and DJ on BBC Radio 6 Music
 Kirsty Howard, children's hospice advocate and activist known for her fundraising work for Francis House Children's Hospice

References

Areas of Manchester
Wythenshawe

Northern Moor


Anthony Paul Woolley (born 4 December 1971) is an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Derbyshire during three years in cricket.

He first played for Derbyshire's second team in 1997, in a drawn match, though it was not until two years later that he played first-class cricket for the team, in one match against Essex in June 1999. He played sporadically during the 1999 season in Division Two of the National League, though Derbyshire performed poorly and he was not to be selected for a second year.

He played club cricket for Alvaston and Boulton in the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League until 2011.

References

External links
Anthony Woolley at Cricket Archive

1971 births
Living people
Cricketers from Derby
English cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Derbyshire Cricket Board cricketers

Anthony Woolley


Henderson Park is a 47 hectare (117 acre) park located in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. The park contains many amenities and attractions, including a 24 hectare (60 acre) man-made lake, the largest lake in the city. Several annual events are held in the park.

History

Henderson Lake was originally a slough, but Mayor William Henderson, after whom the lake and park are named, was instrumental in developing the lake and surrounding park in preparation for the 7th International Dry-Farming Congress in 1912.

Amenities

Henderson Lake Playground: - A large, colourful playground with a soft Foam ground covering the entire play area. The playground is near the P-2 parking lot, the boat dock, and the boat ramp.
Group picnic shelters: - In addition to the Henderson Horseshoe Pit, there are three other group picnic areas: Kiwanis, Kinsmen and Gunnery.
Henderson Campground: -  This year-round campground is located just east of the park on Parkside Drive. Amenities include full and partial hookup sites, washrooms, laundromat, store, playground and a sani-dump. This is now closed and no longer available.
Henderson Horseshoe Pit: - At the west end of the park and near the pool, this fenced facility has 10 horseshoe pitches. It also doubles as a group picnic area with a kitchen and a large tent shelter. This facility is available between May and October.
Henderson Lake: This 24 hectare (60 acre) man-made lake provides boating and fishing opportunities from spring to fall, as well as the annual Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival.
Henderson Lake Golf Course: - Since 1911, this public, 18-hole golf course has been located along the south shore of Henderson Lake.
Henderson Outdoor Pool: - Opened in 1962, the clover-shaped swimming pool is one of the city's only outdoor pools and includes a  sand volleyball court. It is open from the end of June until the end of August.
Henderson Park Ice Centre: - Located on the north side of Henderson Park, a full-size and mini size rink is available for private rentals from September to early April. The centre seats 700 and hosts tournaments.
Spitz Stadium: - This lighted baseball stadium is home to the Lethbridge Bulls and seats more than 3000 people.
Henderson Tennis Courts: - Operated by the Lethbridge Tennis Club, this facility includes a clubhouse and six lighted Plexi-Pave tennis courts.
Nikka Yuko Japanese Garden: - Built in 1967 as a symbol of Japanese-Canadian friendship, this  landscape garden features elements of five traditional Japanese gardens. It is open from mid-May to mid-October.
Rose Garden: - Situated in the northwest corner of the park, the garden was originally developed with the Girl Guides, and it is a popular area for wedding photos.
Trails: Facilities in the park are connected by paved trails, available for walking, jogging, cycling and in-line skating. The two largest trails circumvent the lake (2.8 km) and the park's perimeter (4.3 km). The citywide Coal Banks Trail runs through the park.

References

External links
Lethbridge Tennis Club
Henderson Lake Golf Club

Parks in Lethbridge

Henderson Park (Lethbridge)