USS Stembel (DD-644) was a  in service with the United States Navy from 1942 to 1947 and from 1951 to 1958. In 1961, she was transferred to Argentina where she served as ARA Rosales (D-22). She was scrapped in 1982.

History

United States Navy (1943-1961)
USS Stembel (DD-644) was named for Rear Admiral Roger N. Stembel (1810–1900), who served in the Civil War. She was laid down on 21 December 1942 by the Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; launched on 8 May 1943; sponsored by Miss Mary G. Helfenstein; and commissioned on 16 July 1943.

World War II

Stembel conducted sea trials in the Casco Bay area and held her shakedown cruise in Bermuda waters from 11 August to 25 August. After a post-shakedown overhaul, she got underway on 2 October for San Juan, Puerto Rico, via Norfolk. Upon her arrival, she was assigned to a group of warships which sailed for Morocco on the 8th and arrived at Casablanca on 15 October. Three days later, she began a long journey to Hawaii, via Trinidad, the Panama Canal Zone, and San Diego.

The destroyer arrived at Pearl Harbor on 11 November and was overhauled during December 1943. On 16 January 1944, she sortied with the Fast Carrier Task Force (then called TF 58, while it was part of 5th Fleet; at other times it was 3rd Fleet's TF 38) to support air strikes against the Marshall Islands which began on 29 January. On 17 February and 18 February, the carriers launched raids against Truk, the powerful Japanese base in the Caroline Islands, before the task force returned to Pearl Harbor. On 10 March, Stembel headed for the South Pacific. She joined a convoy of tank landing ships (LSTs) in the Solomon Islands and escorted it to Aitape, New Guinea. She bombarded the landing area there prior to the landing on 22 April and then supported the troops ashore until 25 April. The destroyer escorted empty LSTs to Cape Sudest and returned to Aitape with a resupply convoy.

In May, Stembel was attached to the 5th Fleet and designated flagship of LST Flotilla 16 for the invasion of Guam. The flotilla sortied from Eniwetok on 15 July and was standing off the Asan Beaches on the morning of 21 July. Stembel bombarded the shore until the assault waves headed for the beach, and then she acted as the communication and traffic control center for landing ships. She remained off Asan until 1 August when she sailed for Hawaii.

Stembel arrived at Pearl Harbor on 11 August for tender availability and amphibious training exercises. She sortied with Task Group 33.7 (TG 33.7) (Tractor Group "Able") for Manus via Eniwetok. The task group arrived at Seeadler Harbor on 4 October to make final preparations for the invasion of the Philippine Islands. It sortied on 11 October and entered Leyte Gulf on 19 October. The next morning, Stembel was 4,000 yards off the beaches at Dulag, Leyte, protecting the landing ships and smaller craft against aircraft and submarines. She sailed on 25 October for New Guinea, screening empty transports, and returned to Leyte with a resupply convoy on 18 November. Stembel next proceeded to Manus, joined the escort carrier group of TF 77, and sailed for the Palau Islands. On 10 December, she sortied with TG 77.12 for the western Philippines, entering the Sulu Sea on 13 December. Stembel provided antiaircraft and fire support for the assault on Mindoro until sailing for Leyte Gulf on 26 December 1944.

Stembel stood out of San Pedro Bay on 4 January 1945 in the Lingayen Attack Force. The next day, she was ordered to join the escort carrier group. On the 8th, the group was attacked by Japanese kamikaze planes and Kitkun Bay (CVE-71) was holed at the waterline. The destroyer went alongside and removed over 360 men from the disabled carrier. The men were returned to Kitkun Bay the next day as she was proceeding under her own steam, and Stembel began patrolling the entrance to Lingayen Gulf. On 11 January she and four other destroyers were ordered to destroy enemy shipping in San Fernando Harbor. After sinking a 50-foot tugger, an inter-island oiler, and damaging a cargo ship, she withdrew to bombard the town of Rosario the next day.

Stembel sailed for San Pedro on 21 January and thence proceeded to Ulithi. She sortied from there on 10 February in the screen of the Amphibious Support Force for the invasion of the Volcano Islands. After staging off Saipan, the DD arrived off Iwo Jima on 16 February where she screened minesweepers, conducted night harassment fire, bombarded the beaches for the troops as they landed, and then supported them with call fire until 7 March. After making voyage repairs at Ulithi Stembel joined the fast carriers and sortied, on 14 March, for an area east of Kyūshū. Air strikes were flown against that island on 18 March; and, on 19 March, against Kyūshū airfields as well as against shipping at Kure and Kobe, Honshū. Stembel rescued two men from a downed plane from Wasp (CV-18) on 18 March and splashed an enemy aircraft the next day.

Stembel saved a pilot from Hancock (CV-19) on 26 March and another three days later. Her task group was operating between 60 and 100 miles (100–160 km) east of Okinawa as they launched pre-invasion air strikes against that chain of islands. The ship was forced to return to Ulithi on 11 April for repairs and then rejoined the fast carriers southeast of Okinawa on 21 April. Bunker Hill (CV-17) was hit and severely damaged on the morning of 11 May, and Stembel moved close aboard to aid in extinguishing the carrier's fires. She sailed for San Pedro, P.I., via Guam, for a tender overhaul on 27 May.

Stembel sortied from San Pedro on 1 July with TF 38 and operated with the fast carriers in Japanese home waters until 1 September. The destroyer and other fleet surface ships bombarded Kamaishi, Honshū, on 14 July and again on 9 August. On 29 and 30 July, they shelled targets at Hamamatsu, Honshū. On 1 September, the destroyer was detached from the fast carriers and sailed for the United States, arriving at Port Angeles, Wash., on 13 September. She was given a preinactivation overhaul at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in November and then steamed down the coast to San Diego. She was decommissioned on 31 May 1946 and attached to the Pacific Reserve Fleet.

Cold War

Stembel joined the active fleet again on 9 November 1951. After refitting, sea trials, and a shakedown cruise, the destroyer stood out of San Diego on 21 June 1952 en route to the Korean War Zone. From 26 July to 2 November, Stembel served with carrier TF 77 in support of United Nations Forces. She served as plane guard for Boxer (CVA-21), assisted Iowa (BB-61) in bombarding Kojo and Wonsan, and patrolled the Taiwan Strait. She returned to San Diego on 5 January 1953, and remained on the west coast until 16 May when she again deployed to Korean waters where she served until 8 December.

Stembel deployed to the western Pacific from 17 June to 24 October 1954, 17 May to 15 November 1955, 9 July to 19 December 1956, and from 8 July to 22 December 1957. On 3 February 1958, the ship reported to Long Beach for inactivation. She was decommissioned on 27 May 1958 and assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Stembel was stricken from the US Naval Vessel Register on 1 September 1975.

Contrary to what has appeared here before, the Stembel was not used in the 1959 Jerry Lewis film, Don't Give Up The Ship. The film ship was USS Vammen (DE-644).

Argentine Navy (1961-1982)

Stembel was loaned to the Republic of Argentina on 7 August 1961 under the Military Assistance Program and served the Argentine Navy as ARA Rosales (D-22). Rosales was stricken and broken up for scrap in 1982.

Awards
Stembel received nine battle stars for World War II service and three for service during the Korean War.

Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal with nine battle star

29 Jan 44 - 8 Feb 44	P26-2; Occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls

16 Feb 44 - 17 Feb 44	P27-1; Truk attack

21 Apr 44 - 25 Apr 44	P40; Hollandia operation (Aitape Humbolt Bay-Tanahmerah Bay)

21 Jul 44- 1 Aug 44	P29-7; Capture and occupation of Guam

20 Oct 44	P31-1; Leyte landings

18 Nov 44	P31-1; Leyte landings

9 Jan 45	P32-2; Lingayen Gulf landing

16 Feb 45 - 7 Mar 45	P33-1; Assault and occupation of Iwo Jima

17 Mar 45 - 2 Jun 45	P34-2; 5th and 3d Fleet raids in support of Okinawa Gunto operation

10 Jul 45 - 15 Aug 45	P35 3d Fleet operations against Japan 5

China Service Medal  19-24 Jul 52

Navy Occupation with asia Clasp  2-3 Sep 45

References

External links

  navsource.org: USS Stembel
 hazegray.org: USS Stembel

Fletcher-class destroyers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Bath, Maine
1943 ships
World War II destroyers of the United States
Cold War destroyers of the United States
Korean War destroyers of the United States
Rosales
Cold War destroyers of Argentina

USS Stembel


Psychopomps (from the Greek word , , literally meaning the 'guide of souls') are creatures, spirits, angels, demons or deities in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls from Earth to the afterlife. Their role is not to judge the deceased, but simply to guide them. Appearing frequently on funerary art, psychopomps have been depicted at different times and in different cultures as anthropomorphic entities, horses, deer, dogs, whip-poor-wills, ravens, crows, vultures, owls, sparrows, and cuckoos. In the case of birds, these are often seen in huge masses, waiting outside the home of the dying.

Overview

Ancient religion

Classical examples of a psychopomp are the ancient Egyptian god Anubis, the deity Yama in Hinduism, the Greek ferryman Charon, the goddess Hecate, and god Hermes, the Roman god Mercury, the Norse Valkyries, the Aztec Xolotl, Slavic Morana and the Etruscan Vanth.

Modern religion
Heibai Wuchang, literally "Black and White Impermanence", are two deities in Chinese folk religion in charge of escorting the spirits of the dead to the underworld.

In Japanese mythology, the shinigami have been described as psychopomps.

The form of Shiva as Tarakeshwara in Hinduism performs a similar role, although leading the soul to moksha rather than an after-life. Additionally, in the Bhagavata Purana, the Visnudutas and Yamadutas are also messengers for their respective masters, Vishnu and Yama. Their role is illustrated vividly in the story of Ajamila. In many beliefs, a spirit being taken to the underworld is violently ripped from its body.

In the Persian tradition, Daena, the Zoroastrian self-guide, appears as a beautiful young maiden to those who deserve to cross the Chinvat Bridge or a hideous old hag to those who do not.

In Islam, Azrael plays the role of the angel of death who carries the soul up to the heavens. However, he only acts by the permission of God.

The polytheistic concept of a specific deity of death is rejected by Judaistic monotheism because only God is regarded the master of death and of life. However a Jewish Psychopomp is an archangel Samael whose role in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore is both as Angel of death and accuser.

In many cultures, the shaman also fulfils the role of the psychopomp. This may include not only accompanying the soul of the dead, but also to help at birth, to introduce the newborn child's soul to the world. This also accounts for the contemporary title of "midwife to the dying" or "End of Life Doula", which is another form of psychopomp work.

In Filipino culture, ancestral spirits (anito) function as psychopomps. When the dying call out to specific dead persons (e.g. parents, partners), the spirits of the latter are supposedly visible to the former. The spirits, who traditionally wait at the foot of the death-bed, retrieve (Tagalog: sundô) the soul soon after death and escort it into the after-life.

In Christianity, Saint Peter, Michael the Archangel and Jesus are thought of as psychopomps either as leading the dead to heaven or, as in the case of Peter, allowing them through the gates.

In Akan religion, Amokye is the woman who fishes souls out of the river and welcomes them to Asamando, the Akan realm of the dead. A deceased person is buried with amoasie (loincloths), jewelry and beads which they then pay to Amokye for admitting them to Asamando

Many mythologies and superstitions simply have a personification of death as psychopomp. Such personifications frequently present death as a reaper, even ascribing it the title Grim Reaper.

Psychology
In Jungian psychology, the psychopomp is a mediator between the unconscious and conscious realms. It is symbolically personified in dreams as a wise man or woman, or sometimes as a helpful beast.

See also

 Life replacement narratives, Korean myths in which psychopomps are persuaded into sparing a person's life.

Notes

References

Further reading
Geoffrey Dennis, "Abraham", "Elijah", "Lailah", "Sandalphon", Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism, Llewellyn, 2007.
Eliade, Mircea, "Shamanism", 1964, Chapters 6 and 7, "Magical Cures: the Shaman as Psychopomp".

External links

Afterlife

Psychopomp


The Bronx Central Annex of the United States Postal Service is a historic post office building located at 558 Grand Concourse in Concourse, the Bronx, New York, United States. The four-story structure was built from 1935 to 1937. The building was sold in 2014 and is being transformed into retail, postal service, office and restaurant space.

The building was listed as a New York City Landmark in 1975 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Additional city landmark status was granted in 2013 to the interior, which includes a notable series of New Deal-era murals in fresco created in 1939 by Ben Shahn and Bernarda Bryson Shahn for the Treasury Department Art Project's Section of Fine Arts.

Building
Located at 558 Grand Concourse, Bronx General Post Office was built from 1935 to 1937, and designed by consulting architect Thomas Harlan Ellett for the Office of the Supervising Architect. Constructed of smooth gray brick and is surrounded by a granite terrace, the building features graceful window openings set within marble arches.

On the terrace are two sculptures dating to 1936: The Letter by Henry Kreis and Noah by Charles Rudy.

Murals
The interior features Resources of America, a set of 13 mural panels in fresco inspired by the words of Walt Whitman. They were executed by Ben Shahn and his wife Bernarda Bryson Shahn and completed in August 1939. The government hired Shahn through an anonymous competition after he became renown for his artwork. The murals celebrate American industry and the dignity of labor.

Sale
In January 2013 the U.S. Postal Service announced that it was considering selling the Bronx General Post Office as part of its national reevaluation of facilities. Noting that the building comprises , the Postal Service stated that most of the operations once performed there had been relocated. The sale of some 200 buildings was being considered in light of declining mail volume and the growth of online services. "There are lots of quite significant post office buildings that are threatened because the Postal Service itself is threatened", said National Building Museum curator G. Martin Moeller Jr. The property was one of those most architecturally distinguished, and its interior was granted landmark status December 17, 2013, to preserve Shahn's mural series, Resources of America. Despite protests from preservationists and the community, plans for the sale went forward.

The building was purchased by Manhattan marketplace developer YoungWoo & Associates in September 2014 for $19 million. In February 2015 the Landmarks Preservation Commission approved the redevelopment of the property with retail space and postal services on the ground and main floors, office space on the upper two floors, and a restaurant on the roof. The plan included restoration of the exterior, the 13 murals, and the lobby which had been remodeled over the years. In 2019, the first rooftop restaurant in the Bronx, Zona de Cuba, opened on the property.

References

External links

 Bronx Annex described at Lehman College Art Gallery

Bronx Central Annex-U.S. Post Office
Government buildings completed in 1935
Government buildings in the Bronx
National Register of Historic Places in the Bronx
New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx

United States Post Office–Bronx Central Annex


Oracle Bones were bones that the Chinese would carve or scratch their questions on. Then the priests would burn the oracle bone until it would crack. Then the priest read these cracks to the Chinese people for their answer. The Chinese people believed their answer to be from the gods. This was also known as the first stages of Chinese writing. These were very important to the Chinese. The oracle bones bear the earliest known significant corpus of ancient Chinese writing, using an early form of Chinese characters.

History of China
2nd millennium BC works

Oracle bone


Julie E. Clark (born June 27, 1948) is a retired American aerobatic air show aviator and commercial airline pilot. She started her commercial flying career with Golden West Airlines as a first officer and ended it in 2003 as a Northwest Airlines Airbus A320 Captain. She was one of the first female pilots to work for a major airline, and has been voted as "Performer of the Year" several times for her air show performances.

Career
Clark has more than 50 years of flight experience, 41 years as a solo aerobatic-air show pilot as of October 19, 2019, and 30,000 accident-free hours to her name (34,000 hours as of October 19, 2019). She flew an average of 20 air shows a year in her Juice Plus-sponsored Beechcraft T-34 Mentor, and is rated in more than 66 types of aircraft. She is an enshrined member of the Living Legends of Aviation.

Clark received her pilot certificate in 1969 in San Carlos, California. She performed in the same plane from 1977 until 2019, a T-34 Mentor that she bought for $18,000 in Anchorage, Alaska.  She named the plane Free Spirit, which went to the Hiller Aviation Museum when she retired.

While at the 2019 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh air show, Clark announced her plans to retire, with her last performance on November 7, 2019 at Nellis Air Force Base.

In December 2018, she received the Sword of Excellence from the International Council of Air Shows, and in 2019, the Federal Aviation Administration's Wright Brothers Master Pilot Award.

Family
Clark's father, Captain Ernest Clark, was also an airline pilot. He was murdered in 1964 by a suicidal passenger on Pacific Air Lines Flight 773. All crew and passengers were killed as a result of the passenger shooting both pilots, then himself, causing the plane to crash. Her mother's death just a year earlier, and her father's subsequent death, increased her determination to fly.

References

External links
 News
 Profiles
 Display
 Julie Clark Airshows
 Julie Clark website archives
 Biography from Airport Journals
 Video of Julie Clark performing in her T-34

1948 births
Living people
Aerobatic pilots
Aviators from California
Commercial aviators
American women commercial aviators
People from Hayward, California
21st-century American women

Julie Clark


The Bishop of Richborough is a suffragan bishop and provincial episcopal visitor for the whole of the Province of Canterbury in the Church of England.

History
The see was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 by Order in Council dated 8 February 1994 and licensed by the Archbishop of Canterbury as a "flying bishop" to provide episcopal oversight for parishes throughout the province which cannot in good conscience accept the sacramental ministry of bishops who have participated in the ordination of women. The title takes its name from Richborough, a settlement north of Sandwich in Kent. In the southern province, the bishops of Ebbsfleet and of Richborough each minister in 13 of the 40 dioceses. The Bishop of Richborough serves the eastern half (Canterbury, Chelmsford, Chichester, Ely, Guildford, St Edmundsbury & Ipswich, Leicester, Lincoln, Norwich, Peterborough, Portsmouth, St Albans and Winchester). Prior to the creation of the see in 1995, the Bishop of Ebbsfleet served the entire area of the Province of Canterbury with the exceptions of the dioceses of London, Rochester and Southwark which came under the oversight of the Bishop of Fulham.

On 31 December 2010, Keith Newton resigned as the Bishop of Richborough and soon afterwards was received into the Roman Catholic Church. On 5 May 2011, Norman Banks was announced as the bishop-designate for the position. He was subsequently consecrated bishop on 16 June 2011.

List of bishops

See also

 Bishop of Beverley
 Bishop of Ebbsfleet
 Bishop of Fulham
 List of Anglo-Catholic churches in England

References

External links
 Richborough Episcopal Area
 Crockford's Clerical Directory - Listings

Richborough
Bishops of Richborough

Bishop of Richborough


Per Oddvar Johansen (born 1 March 1968) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (drummer), most recognized for his work with Trygve Seim, Christian Wallumrød, The Source, Solveig Slettahjell and Vigleik Storaas, but has also been awarded the Spellemannprisen five times.

Career
Johansen was born in Oslo, where he played in several rock bands before attending the Jazz Program at Trondheim Music Conservatory (1989–92). There he started cooperations with among others the Bodega Band (1990–92, with the record En flik av ... in 1992), Airamero from 1990, Trio Midt-Norge, Piggy Bop from 1991, Vigleik Storaas Trio and the Trondheim Kunstorkester. He also started a long-lasting cooperation with Trygve Seim, among others in  The Source, and has given profound marks on the Norwegian Jazz scene. He put his drums in for the band Tre Små Kinesere (1992) too.

When returning to Bærum (1992) he still continued many of these projects, in addition to performing with artists like Torbjørn Sunde, Jan Erik Kongshaug, the quartet TINGeLING, tubaist Lars Andreas Haug, Solveig Slettahjell's "Slow Motion Orchestra", Kjersti Stubø, Petter Wettre, Jacob Young, 1300 Oslo, Zanussi Five, with Kjetil Møster/Per Zanussi Trio, the singer Eldbjørg Raknes and the guitarist Hans Mathisen. In 1994 he toured with the trumpeter Kenny Wheeler and performed with the rock band Motorpsycho at Kongsberg Jazz Festival in 1995. He played with Joshua Redman, Arild Andersen and Bugge Wesseltoft at Moldejazz 2006.

Johansen together with Petter Wettre was rewarded Spellemannprisen 2000 in the class jazz for the album The Only Way to Travel, a prize he also received twice as a member of Vigleik Storaas Trio. He has released four records with Ingebrigt Håker Flaten and Christian Wallumrød in the trio Close Erase (from 1995). He has also given lectures in drumming at University of Oslo and Norges Musikkhøgskole.

Honors
Spellemannprisen 1995 in the class jazz, for the album Bilder withVigleik Storaas Trio
Spellemannprisen 1997 in the class jazz, for the album Andre Bilder with Vigleik Storaas Trio
Spellemannprisen 2000 in the class jazz, for the album The Only Way to Travel with Petter Wettre
Spellemannprisen 2004 in the class jazz, for the album Silver with Solveig Slettahjell
Spellemannprisen 2005 in the class jazz, for the album Quiet Songs with Hans Mathisen
Spellemannprisen 2014 in the class contemporary music, for the album Outstairs with Christian Wallumrød Ensemble

Discography (in selection)

Solo albums
2008: Ferme Solus – This is My Music (Euridice Turn Left)
2014: Solo at MIR – Blow Out! Oslo 3 December 2013 (Bandcamp)
2016: Let's Dance (Edition Records)

Collaborative works
With Trond Bjertnes and Frode Barth
1994: Egentlig (Mind The Gap)

With The Source
1994: Olemanns kornett (Curling Legs)
1995: The Source: of Christmas (Curling Legs)
2002: The Source & Different Cikadas (ECM Records)
2005: The Source: of Christmas Live (Grappa Music)
2006: The Source (ECM Records)
2013: The Source: of Summer (Grappa Music)

With Jan Erik Kongshaug
1998: The Other World (ACT Music)
2003: All These Years (Ponca Jazz Records)

With Vigleik Storaas trio
1995: Bilder (Curling Legs), was awarded Spellemannprisen
1997: Andre Bilder (Curling Legs), was awarded Spellemannprisen
2002: Subsonic (Curling Legs)
2007: Now (Inner Ear)
2012: Epistel no 5 (Inner Ear)

Duo with Petter Wettre
2000: The only way to travel (BP/Tuba!), was awarded Spellemannprisen

With Close Erase
1995: Close Erase (NorCD)
1999: No.2 (NorCD)
2002: Dance This (BP)
2006: Sport Rocks (Jazzaway Records)
2010: R.I.P (Plastic Strip Press)

With 1300 Oslo
2001: Live in the North (Curling Legs)

With Kjersti Stubø
2001: My Shining Hour (Blue Jersey)

With Solveig Slettahjell
2001: Slow Motion Orchestra (Curling Legs)
2003: Silver (Curling Legs)
2005: Pixiedust (Curling Legs)
2006: Good Rain (ACT Music, Curling Legs)
2007: Domestic Songs (ACT Music, Curling Legs)
2009: Tarpan Seasons (Universal Music)

With Trygve Seim
2001: Different Rivers (ECM Records)
2004: Sangam (ECM Records)

With Eldbjørg Raknes
1997: TINGeLING (NorCD)
2002: So Much Depends on a Red Wheel Barrow (Platearbeiderne), commissioned work for Vossajazz
2004: Många röster talar (Bergland records)
2006: I live suddenly (MYrecordings)

With Christian Wallumrød Ensemble
2001: Sofienberg Variations (ECM Records)
2004: A Year From Easter (ECM Records)
2007: The Zoo Is Far (ECM Records)
2009: Fabula Suite Lugano (ECM Records)
2013: Outstairs (ECM Records)
2013: Kurzam and Fulger (Hubro Music)

With Håvard Wiik
2011: Postures (Jazzland Records)

With Daniel Rorke
2011: San'an (Saturn Musikk)

With Adam Baldych & Helge Lien Trio
2015: Bridges (ACT Music)
2017: Brothers (ACT Music)

With Mette Henriette
2015: Mette Henriette (ECM Records)

With Ayumi Tanaka Trio
2016: Memento (AMP Music & Records)

References

External links
Biography: Johansen, Per Oddvar – Norsk musikkinformasjon MIC.no

20th-century Norwegian drummers
21st-century Norwegian drummers
Norwegian jazz drummers
Male drummers
Norwegian jazz composers
Male jazz composers
Living people
1968 births
Spellemannprisen winners
Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni
Musicians from Oslo
20th-century drummers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
Petter Wettre Quartet members
Trondheim Jazz Orchestra members
Helge Lien Trio members
Close Erase members
The Source (band) members
TINGeLING members
Edition Records artists

Per Oddvar Johansen


Salvatore Dell'Isola (January 4, 1901 – March 13, 1989) was a conductor who acted as music director for several of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals on Broadway, among others.  He won a Tony Award as music director of Flower Drum Song.

Life and career
Dell'Isola was born in Province of Salerno, Italy, and moved to New York with his family in 1907 but returned to Salerno to study the violin at the conservatory there, playing in opera orchestras all over the country by age 12.  He continued to play the violin in the U.S. in opera, vaudeville, movies and other entertainments.  He also scored foreign films and radio programs for RKO.  He began his professional conducting career on the radio and in vaudeville shows. In the 1920s, he was engaged as the conductor of the RKO orchestra and played the violin in the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra for ten years.

He was hired by Rodgers and Hammerstein to conduct a touring production of Oklahoma! in the mid-1940s.  Dell'Isola first music directed on Broadway for Rodgers and Hammerstein's Allegro in 1947.  His other Broadway musicals were South Pacific (1949); Me and Juliet (1953); On Your Toes (1954 revival); Ankles Aweigh (1955); Pipe Dream (1955), for which he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Conductor and Musical Director; and Flower Drum Song, (1958), for which he won the Tony Award for Best Conductor and Musical Director.  He also conducted for national tours of some of these shows and a European tour of Oklahoma!.

He also served as musical director for many productions at the Westbury Music Fair.  In 1987, he won a belated Grammy Award for the South Pacific cast album.  He had a son, Alfonso.  Dell'Isola conducted the annual large-scale New York Philharmonic Orchestra Rodgers and Hammerstein concerts for 16 years.  He also conducted on the 1950s TV program Opera Cameos and, over the course of his career, conducted opera performances, musicals, symphonies and chamber ensembles in the New York area.  His work can be heard on numerous recordings.

Dell'Isola continued to conduct through the 1980s and died of heart failure in West Islip, New York, at the age of 88.

References

External links

1901 births
1989 deaths
People from Long Island
American male violinists
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American conductors (music)
American film score composers
American male film score composers
Italian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American violinists
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians

Salvatore Dell'Isola


Major Timothy "Tim" Nigel Peake  (born 7 April 1972) is a British author, Army Air Corps officer and European Space Agency astronaut.

He is the first British ESA astronaut, the second astronaut to bear a flag of the United Kingdom patch (following Helen Sharman), the sixth person born in the United Kingdom to go on board the International Space Station, and the seventh UK-born person in space. He began the ESA's intensive astronaut basic training course in September 2009 and graduated on 22 November 2010.

Early life
Peake was born in Chichester, Sussex, on 7 April 1972. He grew up in Westbourne, West Sussex. He studied at the Chichester High School for Boys, leaving in 1990 to attend the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

Career

Military and aeronautical
Upon graduation from Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Peake received a short-service commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps on 8 August 1992.  He served as a platoon commander with the Royal Green Jackets, and was promoted to lieutenant on 8 August 1994. On 9 July 1997, he transferred to a regular commission, receiving a promotion to captain on 20 August.

Peake became a qualified helicopter pilot in 1994 and a qualified helicopter instructor in 1998, graduating from CFS(H) at the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury in Shropshire. Promoted to major on 31 July 2004, he graduated from the Empire Test Pilots School in Wiltshire the following year, and was awarded the Westland's Trophy for best rotary wing student. He then served on Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron (RWTES) at MOD Boscombe Down completing trials on Apache helicopters.

Peake completed a BSc (Hons) in Flight Dynamics and Evaluation at the University of Portsmouth the following year. Peake left the army in 2009 after 17 years of service and over 3,000 flying hours to his credit, becoming a test pilot with AgustaWestland.

In ESA

Peake was selected to join the European Space Agency astronaut corps in 2009, flew to the ISS in 2015/16, and retired from active service in 2023.

Peake beat over 8,000 other applicants for one of the six places on the ESA's new astronaut training programme. The selection process included taking academic tests, fitness assessments and several interviews. Peake moved to Cologne with his family for the ESA training.

Peake was the first British or UK-born person to fly into space without a private contract (as did Helen Sharman, Mark Shuttleworth, and Richard Garriott) and/or foreign citizenship (held by astronauts Michael Foale, Gregory H. Johnson, Piers Sellers, Nicholas Patrick, Shuttleworth, and Garriott).

As part of his extensive astronaut training in 2011, Peake and five other astronauts joined an international mission, living in and exploring cave systems in Sardinia. This ESA CAVES mission enabled them to study how humans react to living in extreme conditions with complete isolation from the outside world. This expedition gave the team an idea of what they could expect and how they would cope in the confined space of the ISS.

On 16 April 2012, NASA announced that Peake would serve as an aquanaut aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory during the NEEMO 16 undersea exploration mission, scheduled to begin on 11 June 2012 and last twelve days. The NEEMO 16 crew successfully "splashed down" at 11:05 am on 11 June. On the morning of 12 June, Peake and his crewmates officially became aquanauts, having spent over 24 hours underwater. The crew safely returned to the surface on 22 June.

During Expedition 44 Peake served as a backup astronaut for Soyuz TMA-17M spaceflight.

Expedition 46/47
Peake was launched to the space station (ISS), on 15 December 2015, for Expeditions 46 and 47. He launched successfully at 11:03 GMT from Baikonur Cosmodrome on board Soyuz TMA-19M. The official website dedicated to his mission is principia.org.uk.

During the launch, as per tradition, each cosmonaut was allowed three songs to be played to them. Peake chose Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now", U2's "Beautiful Day" and Coldplay's "A Sky Full of Stars".

During docking, the Kurs docking navigation system failed, and a manual docking was performed by Yuri Malenchenko who was alongside Peake and Tim Kopra. This delayed docking with the ISS by 10 minutes. The Soyuz finally docked with the ISS at 17:33 GMT. Peake received messages of support from the Queen and Elton John, after the successful docking. His first meal at the ISS was a bacon sandwich and a cup of tea.

A new year's message by Peake was broadcast by the BBC to celebrate 2016.

Peake supported a spacewalk by two American astronauts on 21 December 2015. He participated in the first spacewalk outside the ISS by a British astronaut on 15 January 2016. The purpose of the spacewalk was to replace a faulty sequential shunt unit on the station's solar arrays.

In February 2016, Peake presented Adele with a Global Success award at the Brit Awards in London.

On 24 April 2016, Peake ran the 2016 London Marathon from the ISS treadmill. Peake became the first man to run the marathon from space and the second person to run a marathon from space, after Sunita Williams, who ran the 2007 Boston Marathon from the ISS.

Peake was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to space research and scientific education.

At a special meeting of the Chichester City Council on 17 February 2016, it was agreed unanimously to confer the Freedom of the City upon Peake with the appropriate ceremony after his return later in 2016.

On 18 June 2016, Peake returned to Earth from the ISS aboard the descent module of the Soyuz spacecraft that had taken him to the space station in December 2015.  The spacecraft landed on the Kazakh steppe in Kazakhstan almost  southwest of the major city of Karaganda, landing at 09.15 UTC. Peake had completed approximately 3,000 orbits of the Earth and had covered a distance of 125 million kilometres (78 million miles).

International Space Station partnership and the Nobel Peace Prize

At the UK National Student Space Conference in early 2014, Peake expressed his support for the initiative to award the International Space Station partnership the Nobel Peace Prize.

"I was delighted to read about the International Space Station and the discussions about it being nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize because … it has been one of the most incredible international partnerships...[The ISS] really has brought many nations together through difficult times, and continues to do so."

Peake noted that with increasing constraints on space programs around the world, collaborative initiatives such as ISS will be necessary for future endeavours. "I think [the ISS] really has to be the model for future space exploration because with budgets becoming more and more constrained, then, really one nation is not going to have the capability to expand exploration out into the solar system, to Mars and beyond. We are going to have to work together on projects."

Personal life
Peake is married to Rebecca, with whom he has two sons, and enjoys climbing, caving, cross-country running and triathlon.

When he was younger Peake was a Cub Scout and is now an ambassador for the Prince's Trust and the Scout Association in the UK.

Awards
In October 2016, at the National Space Centre, Tim Peake received an honorary Doctorate of Science from the University of Leicester. In May 2021, as part of it's 150th-anniversary celebrations, the Institution of Engineering and Technology awarded Peake an Honorary Fellowship for his outstanding contribution to space exploration, engineering and the technology industry.

Bibliography
Hello, is this planet Earth?: My View from the International Space Station (Century, 2016. )
Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space (Century, 2017. )
The Astronaut Selection Test Book: Do You Have What it Takes for Space? (Century, 2018. )
Limitless: The Autobiography (Century, 2020. )
Swarm Rising (Hodder, 2021. )
Swarm Enemy (Hodder, 2021. )
The Cosmic Diary of our Incredible Universe (Wren & Rook, 2022. )

See also
British astronauts

References

External links

 Tim Peake ESA website

1972 births
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Military personnel from Sussex
Alumni of the University of Portsmouth
Aquanauts
British Army Air Corps officers
British astronauts
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Crew members of the International Space Station
English test pilots
ESA astronauts
Living people
People from Chichester
Royal Green Jackets officers
Spacewalkers

Tim Peake


The Tofts is a 0.8–1 km-wide band of raised ground along part of the Lincolnshire coast, running between Wainfleet All Saints and Wrangle parallel to the Wash.

Description

The Tofts rise to 8m above Ordnance Datum at Sailholme, 7m at Wainfleet All Saints and 5–6m along much of the rest of the feature's length. This is considerably higher than the Low Grounds to the north (often 2–3m above Ordnance Datum), and the Marsh which separates the Tofts from the seafront and sits at 3–4m above Ordnance Datum. While the name the Tofts refers to the structure as a whole, parts of it are known as Wainfleet Tofts, Friskney Tofts and Wrangle Tofts, after the main villages which occupy its length.

History

Origin
The origin of the Tofts is unclear. It is probable that in the Roman period of occupation, the terrain between Sibsey and East and West Keal represented the edge of a basin which contained fenland, salt marshes and tidal flats. The British Geological Survey states that the sea-facing edge of the Tofts is made of storm beach deposits. Scholars working on the Fenland Project have suggested that the tidal system present in the Wash would not usually produce a barrier island and that the Tofts was therefore likely created through human processes. Regardless, by c. AD 500 a sand bar running the length of the Tofts was in place.

Human habitation
There is limited evidence for human settlement at the site before the 11th century. By the 11th century Friskney, Wolmersty and Wrangle were established on the raised ground, while Wainfleet had formed on a roddon by the north-eastern end. The Tofts acted as a sea defence; the former path running along the length of the Tofts (variously called High Street, Highgate and Saltersgate) is described as a sea-dyke by H. E. Hallam. Salt-making took place in the proximity during the Middle Ages; between Leake and Wainfleet, there were 56 salterns mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and there are many subsequent documentary references to salt-production among the medieval inhabitants. The long strips of land occupied by salters (tofts) provide the name for the feature. The process of producing salt from salt marsh also gradually led to the accretion of wastes in the havens at Wrangle, Wainfleet and Friskney, as well as along the estuaries at the havens and along the Tofts's seaward side. The geographer Ian Simmons has argued that this process and the presence of salterns along much of the coast led to the "seawards movement" of a coastline composed of salterns. The top 2–3m of the Tofts, which are composed of silt and sands, are probably human deposits and the remnants waste from these salt-making activities.

Gradually, the mounds of salt waste atop The Tofts were turned into flat farming land, but the timing is not known. The salt-making industry suffered under storms in the late 16th century and stopped in the area in the early 17th century; the sea-facing Marsh was also gradually extended as reclamation took place from the 17th century. 19th-century maps show many long, thin field boundaries which likely reflect the location of former salterns; in some areas, the former medieval salt-cotes have been replaced with farms and houses.

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Hallam, H. E., Settlement and Society: A Study of the Early Agrarian History of South Lincolnshire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965).
 Simmons, Ian,

"The Landscape Development of the Tofts of Southeast Lincolnshire 1100–1650", Landscape History, vol. 36, no. 1 (2015), pp. 9–24.
 Simmons, Ian, "Fen and Sea: Medieval and Early Modern Landscape Evolution in South-East Lincolnshire Before 1700", Landscapes, vol. 18, no. 1 (2017), pp. 37–54.

Further reading

 Bannister, R. T., "Archaeology in Lincolnshire and South Humberside, 1982: Wrangle Toft", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, vol. 18 (1983), pp. 104–105.
 Brew, David S., Benjamin P. Horton, Graham Evans, James B. Innes and Ian Shennan, "Holocene Sea-Level History and Coastal Evolution of the North-Western Fenland, Eastern England", Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, vol. 126, no. 1 (2016), pp. 72–85.
 Brew, David S., and Graham Evans, "The Stratigraphy and Origin of the Tofts Ridge in North-Western Fenland, Eastern England", Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, vol. 129, no. 2 (2018), pp. 135–143.

Landforms of Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire coast

The Tofts


Satre or Satres was an Etruscan god who appears on the Liver of Piacenza, a bronze model used for haruspicy. He occupies the dark and negative northwest region, and seems to be a "frightening and dangerous god who hurls his lightning from his abode deep in the earth." It is possible that Satre is also referred to with the word "" in the Liber Linteus ("Linen Book," IX.3), the Etruscan text preserved in Ptolemaic Egypt as mummy wrappings.

Satre is usually identified with the Roman god Saturn, who in a description by Martianus Capella holds a position similar to that of Satre on the liver. The name Satre may be only an Etruscan translation of Saturnus, or Saturnus may derive from the Etruscan; it is also possible that the two deities are unrelated. No image in Etruscan art has been identified as Satre: "this deity remains a riddle."

References

External links

Etruscan gods
Saturn (mythology)
Saturnian deities

Satre (Etruscan god)


Boronia grimshawii is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to mountain ranges in central Queensland, Australia. It is an erect shrub with many branches, simple leaves with a densely hairy, pale underside, and pink, four-petalled flowers.

Description
Boronia grimshawii is an erect, many-branched shrub which grows to a height of about  with its young branches densely covered with white, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are elliptic to lance-shaped,  long and  wide with a petiole  long. The lower surface of the leaf is a slightly paler colour than the upper surface. Up to three pink to white flowers are arranged on a stalk  long. The four sepals are egg-shaped to triangular, densely hairy,  long and  wide. The four petals are  long,  wide but enlarge slightly as the fruit develops. The eight stamens alternate in length with those opposite the petals shorter than those near a sepal. Flowering occurs from June to  October and the fruit are about  long and  wide.

Taxonomy and naming
Boronia grimshawii was first formally described in 2003 by Marco F. Duretto and the description was published in the journal Muelleria from a specimen collected near the property "Bronte Station". The specific epithet (grimshawii) honours the Australian botanist Paul Grimshaw.

Distribution and habitat
This boronia grows in woodland but is only known from a single population on an eroded hillside on private property near Gayndah in south-east Queensland.

Conservation
Boronia grimshawii is classed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.

References

grimshawii
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 2003
Taxa named by Marco Duretto

Boronia grimshawii


Books of Blood is a series of six horror fiction anthologies collecting original stories written by British author, playwright, and filmmaker Clive Barker in 1984 and 1985. Known primarily for writing stage plays beforehand, Barker gained a wider audience and fanbase through this anthology series, leading to a successful career as a novelist. Originally presented as six volumes, the anthologies were subsequently re-published in two omnibus editions containing three volumes each. Each volume contains four, five or six stories. The Volume 1–3 omnibus contained a foreword by Barker's fellow Liverpudlian horror writer Ramsey Campbell. Author Stephen King praised Books of Blood, leading to a quote from him appearing on the first US edition of the book: "I have seen the future of horror and his name is Clive Barker."

Books of Blood Volume 6 is significant for its story "The Last Illusion" which introduced Barker's occult detective character Harry D'Amour. The detective went on to appear in more of Barker's writings, the Hellraiser comic book series from Boom! Studios, and the 1995 movie Lord of Illusions (based on "The Last Illusion" and adapted by Barker himself).

Overview
Clive Barker's tagline for Books of Blood was: "Everybody is a book of blood; wherever we're opened, we're red." The opening story, "The Book of Blood", introduces the premise of the anthology series by revealing that a fake psychic is attacked one night by genuine ghosts and spirits who decide to make him a true messenger by writing stories into his flesh. This makes him a "Book of Blood" and the narration then invites the reader to read these stories. The UK editions of Volume 6 close with a story, "On Jerusalem Street", that features a man who pursues the fake psychic in order to skin him and take his Book of Blood. Thus, a framing story is created around the anthologies.

The stories range in genres. Some are traditional horror, some are described by Barker as "dark fantasy," some are comical, and "The Last Illusion" is notable for being a mixture of horror and noir while also introducing the occult detective Harry D'Amour. A common thread is that most of the stories feature everyday people in contemporary settings who become involved in violent, mysterious, and/or supernatural events. Barker has stated in Faces of Fear that an inspiration for the Books of Blood came when he read Dark Forces in the early 1980s and realised that a horror story anthology didn't need to have narrow themes, consistent tone or restrictions to be considered a proper collection. Instead, the stories could range wildly in genre and tone, from the humorous to the truly horrific.

Volumes I-III are sold as "The Books of Blood". Volume IV is sold as "The Inhuman Condition". Volume V is sold as "In the Flesh". And Volume VI is sold as "Cabal", which either includes four or five additional short stories, depending on the edition.

For some editions, Clive Barker illustrated the book covers.

Story list and synopses

Volume One

"The Book of Blood"

The first story of Volume 1 acts as a frame story to the Books of Blood anthology series (along with "On Jerusalem Street", the closing story presented in UK editions of Volume 6). The story mentions that the afterlife involves "highways of the dead" that sometimes intersect with the living world. A psychic researcher, Mary Florescu, has employed a young medium named Simon McNeal to investigate a haunted house. Unknown to Florescu, who is attracted to him,  McNeal is a fraud. He fakes visions as he has done many times before, pretending to hear names and stories told to him from beyond the mortal world; but this time ghosts attack him. They carve names and "minute words" into his flesh, leaving him his body covered in stories  the stories of this anthology series. Florescu nurses the young man and begins transcribing his tales, thinking of him as a "Book of Blood" and her as his only translator.

This prologue, along with closing story "On Jerusalem Street" from Volume 6, was adapted and directed twice. First for the film Book of Blood by John Harrison and then for the 2020 Brannon Braga film Books of Blood.

"The Midnight Meat Train"

Office worker Leon Kaufman has recently moved to New York City, a place that he long idolized as "The Palace of Delights". Since arriving he has become disillusioned, seeing the dirt and depravity in a city like any other. A man named Mahogany is killing people in subway trains, identifying as a "Butcher" in pursuit of "fresh meat." Kaufman falls asleep on a late-night subway train to Far Rockaway, Queens and awakens to discover Mahogany has killed people in the neighboring car and the train conductor is cooperating with him. After Kaufman kills Mahogany in self-defense, the train arrives at a secret station where ancient, withered humans board and consume the bodies. The creatures, the "City Fathers", are the secret rulers of New York for centuries, the people who founded and initially built the city. They eventually present Kaufman to the incomprehensible "Father of Fathers", who has lived here since before the first humans of America. One of them pulls out Kaufman's tongue, stating that he will "serve in silence", and recruits him as their new Butcher tasked with bringing them fresh meat. Kaufman passes out as the conductor announces the next destination as "home". Kaufman is later awakened by the conductor in a secret, pristine subway station and helped off of the train as cleaning crews come on to cover up the events of the previous night. The conductor states that he has a lot to learn before he begins his job that evening, and presents him to the cleaners who look on him with a sense of reverence. He exits the station onto the streets in the early morning as the city is waking up and coming alive, falls down to his knees, kisses the ground, and swears his loyalty to the city.

A film of the same name was released on 1 August 2008. The film greatly expands the book in a number of ways, most notably with the introduction of additional characters such as Maya, Leon's girlfriend, and additional events outside the main plot. Bradley Cooper and Vinnie Jones star in the film.

"The Yattering and Jack"

Jack Polo is a gherkin importer who is haunted by a minor demon called the Yattering. The demon is commanded to haunt Jack by Beelzebub, because one of Jack's ancestors reneged on a pact made with the demon lord. The Yattering is frustrated when its determined efforts to drive Jack insane are answered with good cheer and apparent obliviousness. Unknown to the Yattering, Jack is purposely ignoring the demon in order to simultaneously frustrate it and maintain his own sanity. The Yattering subjects him to increasingly severe torments, including killing his cats and terrorizing his family, but these efforts all fail. Eventually Jack tricks the Yattering into violating its orders, allowing Jack to take advantage of a loophole and make the Yattering his slave.

In contrast to the other stories, this one is presented as a comedic tale. Barker wrote a screenplay adapting of this story for an episode of the horror TV series Tales from the Darkside (Season 4, episode 7; 8 November 1987).

"Pig Blood Blues"

Former policeman Redman starts working in a borstal, where he uncovers a deadly secret involving a boy named Lacey. Lacey claims that a missing boy named Henessey is not missing, but is present as a ghost. As Redman investigates, he finds that a giant sow in a sty on the grounds may be possessed by Hennesey's ghost. Lacey tells Redman that he fears he will be fed to the sow, and Redman discovers the borstal's other staff and students preparing a ritual sacrifice for the boy. Redman is able to rescue him when the sty accidentally burns, but is then captured and presented to the sow in turn, where he is eaten alive by a now-possessed Lacey at the sow's command – a dark reversal on the lustful feelings Redman was harbouring towards Lacey.

"Sex, Death and Starshine"
Terry Calloway is directing Twelfth Night in a run-down theatre. He is having an affair with his leading lady, Diane Duvall, and hopes her soap opera fame will bring in a big audience but also considers her a poor actress. A mysterious masked man, Mr. Lichfield, expresses dissatisfaction with Diane's casting as Viola. On the day of the final rehearsal, Lichfield states that his wife, Constantia, will play the role on opening night. Diane removes Lichfield's mask to reveal him as an animated corpse. Lichfield kisses Diane, and she slips into a coma. Constantia takes over the role of Viola. Following Diane's "recovery", Terry has sex with her and realizes she is now undead, just before she kills him.
The play opens to a packed house. After the performance, the actors realize the audience consists entirely of ghosts and reanimated dead. The theatre trustee, newly-dead Tallulah, burns down the theatre and every living player is killed. Several of the actors and Terry then join Mr. Lichfield and Constantia on the road, becoming a repertory company of the undead.

"In the Hills, the Cities"
In an isolated rural area of Yugoslavia, two entire cities, Popolac and Podujevo, create massive communal creatures by binding together the bodies of their citizens. Almost 40,000 people walk as the body of a single giant as tall as a skyscraper. This ritual occurs every ten years, but this time things go wrong and the Podujevo giant collapses, horribly killing tens of thousands of citizens. In shock, the entire population of Popolac goes mad and becomes the giant they are strapped into. Popolac wanders the hills aimlessly. By nightfall, many of the people who make up the giant die from exhaustion, but the giant continues walking.
Mick and Judd, two gay men vacationing in the area, come upon the smashed bodies of the Podujevans in a ravine awash with blood. A local man tries to steal their car to catch up with Popolac and reason with it before it collapses and destroys the people who compose it. The man explains the truth of the situation to Mick and Judd, but they do not believe his story. They seek shelter at a remote farm, where Popolac blunders into the farmhouse, accidentally killing Judd. Mick and the elderly couple who own the farmhouse are driven mad with fear. Mick wants to join Popolac. He climbs up the tower of ropes and bodies, and is carried away as it walks into the hills.

A line from this story, "stale incense, old sweat, and lies," appears in the song "Sin" on the album Pretty Hate Machine by the American industrial band Nine Inch Nails.

Volume Two

"Dread"
Steve, a young university student, becomes acquainted with an older classmate named Quaid, an intellectual who has a morbid fascination with dread. Quaid reveals to Steve that he kidnapped a vegetarian classmate of theirs and imprisoned her in a room with merely beef for sustenance, only releasing her when she finally overcame her dread of eating meat to prevent starvation; she eats the meat even though it has spoiled. Steve becomes Quaid's next candidate for his experiments, held captive in a dark, silent room, forcing him to relive a childhood period of deafness that terrified him. Steve is driven insane by this forced sensory deprivation and eventually escapes. Steve then happens into a homeless shelter where he is mistaken for a drug-addicted vagrant and is given new clothes and shoes, but these don't fit him well. He is mad, pale with shock, and his lips are red and chapped from dehydration. Later, Steve steals a fire axe from the shelter and breaks into Quaid's home. Quaid's experiments, all along, were to try to help him understand the nature of fear in order to cure his own coulrophobia, but he is ironically butchered by Steven, whose ghastly appearance, ill-fitting clothes, and over-sized shoes have given him the appearance of a clown.

This story has been made into a film, with Jackson Rathbone playing Steve. The film diverges from the short story and introduces new characters, but retains some basic concepts.

"Hell's Event"
Every one hundred years, during an annual London marathon, Satan sends one of his representatives to compete against (unsuspecting) human runners. If Satan's minion wins, he gets to rule the Earth. An athlete taking part in the event, Joel, realizes the actual stakes of the race when the other runners begin to fall, ravaged by some unseen beast. A satanist politician, Gregory, has made a bargain with Hell on the outcome of the race. Before he can win, Joel engages in a struggle with Hell's runner, who bites off his face. As they struggle, the last surviving human runner makes it to the finish line and Hell loses once again. Gregory is punished for his overconfidence by being gruesomely slain.

"Jacqueline Ess: Her Will And Testament"
Jacqueline Ess is a housewife who attempts suicide after becoming bored with her life. She recovers only to find that she has an ability to change people's body shapes with her mind. She accidentally kills her therapist and then causes her husband's death by willing their bodies to tear apart or fold in on themselves. One man becomes obsessed with her and tracks her down. Jacqueline eventually becomes a prostitute, her abilities giving her the power to give men the ultimate sexual experience, even though one ends up being fatal. She has by now lost control of herself and has to be watched while sleeping in case she unconsciously mutilates her own body. The man eventually makes love to Jacqueline and they willingly die together by her power.

This story is also published in the book I Shudder at Your Touch as well as in "Behold! Oddities, Curiosities & Undefinable Wonders".

"The Skins of the Fathers"
After his car breaks down in Arizona, a man named Davidson witnesses a bizarre parade of monsters. He learns creatures mated with a woman in a nearby town six years before and now wish to reclaim Aaron, the child she bore. The woman's abusive alcoholic husband knows of the creatures and that they are mostly benevolent, but wants to take revenge on them for impregnating his wife. It is implied that all modern humans originally came to be as a result of similar relationships between these creatures and primordial women, but over time male humans drove the creatures to the brink of extinction.
Davidson reaches the town, where a posse of gun-toting locals are eager to slay the monsters. After a violent confrontation in which the townsfolk manage to kill one of the largest creatures along with Aaron, the remaining creatures vanish and arrange for Davidson and a few survivors to become trapped in quicksand, which then hardens when they are half-buried. Trapped, they are left to die in the burning desert heat.

The idea of a group of people sinking in quicksand which then hardens around them was later used by Barker in the film Lord of Illusions.

"New Murders in the Rue Morgue"
Lewis is a 73-year-old man who goes to Paris after his friend, Phillipe, is arrested for butchering a young woman. After insisting that an orangutan committed the murder, Phillipe commits suicide in his cell. Lewis does not believe the story until he sees the primate firsthand. The beast is dressed like a person, completely shaved, and wields a razor. Lewis learns Philippe, a notorious eccentric, raised the animal himself as a strange experiment based on the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". Despairing at the fact others seem unable to see the orangutan as the animal it is, Lewis throws himself into the Seine, as the orangutan continues to present and live as a human.

Volume Three

"Son of Celluloid"
An escaped convict dies behind a film screen while hiding from the police. Over the months following his death, a cancerous tumour in the convict's body gains sentience from the strong emotions of the cinema's audiences and comes to life. After one night's show, the creature hunts down several patrons remaining in the cinema, projecting images of John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe as vivid hallucinations to lure them in and consume them, but it is seemingly destroyed in turn by the cinema's usher. Some time later, the usher, having tracked down a girl who escaped after being taken over by the creature, confronts it with acid and kills it once and for all.

"Rawhead Rex"
During an unusually warm summer in rural Kent, the ancient monster Rawhead, a nine-foot tall malevolent humanoid, is accidentally awakened from his underground imprisonment. Rawhead goes on a rampage through a local village, killing and eating several townsfolk, corrupting the local verger to serve him and fatally wounding the village's vicar, Reverend Coot. The vicar lives long enough to instruct local man Ron Milton, father of one of Rawhead's victims, to find a talisman within the church to fight the beast; the talisman depicts a pregnant woman, Rawhead's antithesis and the only thing he fears. While Rawhead attempts to burn down the village, Milton uses the talisman to stall him long enough for the enraged villagers to overpower and kill him.

"Rawhead Rex" has a structure similar to Alien or The Thing from Another World, but uses a rural setting. The story was later turned into the film Rawhead Rex (1986), which Barker wrote but then disowned after being dissatisfied with the direction and overall production.

"Confessions of a (Pornographer's) Shroud"
Ronnie is a rule-abiding Catholic falsely implicated by the Mafia to be the leader of a pornography cartel. After killing two mobsters in revenge, Ronnie is brutally tortured and murdered by the Mafia, after which he manifests as a ghost. Animating the shroud covering his body in the morgue, he takes revenge on the rest of his enemies.
After being chased by the animated shroud, the mob boss primarily responsible for Ronnie's ordeal runs into his home, only to find his wife cheating on him with his assistant, so he shoots both of them dead. In a gory climax, the ghost enters the mouth of the mob boss and turns him inside out.
Afterwards, the ghost uses his remaining few moments on Earth to knock on the door of a priest, wanting to receive last rites, but the priest is too busy photographing a naked girl and does not answer.

The story is written as a black comedy, revolving around the visual gag of a real ghost actually taking on the form of a floating bedsheet.

"Scape-Goats"
A yacht is stranded on the beach of a deserted island that is located at a point in the Atlantic Ocean where converging undersea currents bring all the human bodies of sailors drowned at sea. The hundreds of bodies littering the ocean floor, unfortunately for the stranded crew, aren't as dead as they should be.

"Human Remains"
A young gay prostitute is hired by an archaeologist. During the course of the night, he stumbles into the bathroom to discover a Roman-esque statue of a man lying in the bath. Over the next few weeks, he has the sense of being haunted by a doppelgänger. At the same time, his mind and body transforms; he becomes cold and lifeless, no longer needing to eat or sleep. He finally discovers his doppelgänger, the statue from the bath, at his father's grave, crying in sorrow, as he is unmoved. It becomes clear that the doppelgänger has become more convincing as a human than he is, so he wanders away, allowing it to continue living in his persona.

Volume Four
Published and sold as "The Inhuman Condition".

"The Inhuman Condition"
A young man named Karney and his friends beat up a vagrant for fun. Karney steals a strange knotted piece of string he finds on the vagrant. A keen fan of puzzles, Karney undoes the knots that evening, not knowing that, in doing so, he is releasing a succession of demons who proceed to kill off his friends. The demons seem progressively more advanced, appearing to evolve with each knot. When he realizes what he has done, Karney has to seek out the vagrant for help.

"The Body Politic"
In a bizarre version of a revolution, it appears that all human beings' hands have their own consciousness and are not happy at being ordered what to do by their owners. The hands of a factory worker named Charlie plan to lead the revolution. Charlie's hands even have their own personalities, with Left being more cautious and Right being very determined and even proclaiming itself a Messiah. Right – against Charlie's own wishes – chops off Left, who scuttles away to summon other hands to do the same before returning to rescue Right, starting a violent revolution of human limbs.

This story was later adapted and used, in part, for the film Quicksilver Highway.

"Revelations"
A woman named Virginia is unwillingly taken on a tour through the U.S. by her unfeeling husband, a preacher named John Gyer. They stay at a motel which is visited by the ghosts of Buck and Sadie, a married couple who stayed there thirty years before. In the same room, Sadie murdered Buck and was subsequently put to death for the murder. Buck and Sadie find that Virginia has the ability to both see and hear them. Meanwhile, a scuffle ensues when John discovers their driver, Earl, has been giving Virginia pills to help her deal with her anxiety issues. While looking for Earl to confront him about the pills, John finds the married driver in bed with the daughter of the motel owner, Laura-May.
Virginia ends up getting her hands on the same murder weapon used by Sadie thirty years prior, which Laura-May has kept as a souvenir. Virginia uses the gun to try to kill Buck's ghost, who managed partial materialization in order to attempt to rape her, but the bullet goes through him and finds its way into John's throat, killing him. Virginia contemplates suicide, but Sadie's ghost advises her to plead insanity. Whilst being taken in by the local sheriff, someone asks her why she did it. Virginia answers "the Devil made me do it" while gazing at the moon with "the craziest smile she (can) muster".

"Down, Satan!"
The shortest story of the collection relates the tale of a wealthy middle-aged businessman, Gregorius, who becomes depressed when he believes God has deserted him, and he comes up with a plan to build a Hell on Earth to summon Satan, believing that God will then sweep him (Gregorius) out of Satan's clutches and into his heavenly fold. In his vast Satanic Cathedral, Gregorious soon loses sight of his original intention of attracting God's attention, and is captured after torturing hundreds of people to death in the well-equipped torture chambers. It is deliberately left ambiguous whether Gregorius went insane, or if he really did succeed in tempting Satan into taking residence in his own personal Hell.

"The Age of Desire"
A private laboratory runs experiments on volunteers to investigate the libido and try to develop a chemical aphrodisiac. One of the experiments goes wrong, when a man suddenly goes insane with lust. His perpetual state of arousal erodes his respect for morality or the law. He rapes, murders, and mutilates one of the scientists and then escapes to cause wanton mayhem, eventually burning himself out and dying.

Volume Five
Published in the United States as In the Flesh.

"The Forbidden"
Helen is a university student doing a thesis on graffiti who selects a run-down estate as a focus for her study. She notices disturbing graffiti that references an urban legend called the Candyman. Further inquiries lead her to believe this is connected with recent murders and mutilations, although the locals are reluctant to discuss the incidents. She eventually encounters the Candyman himself.

This story was later adapted and made into the successful film series Candyman, starting with the 1992 film.

"The Madonna"
A man named Jerry is trying to talk a local shady businessman into financing the redevelopment of an old swimming pool complex. However, the pool has some mysterious inhabitants in the form of nude teenage girls who flee should Jerry or his would-be financial backer encounter them. A swimming pool in the centre is unlike the other pools in the building, in that it is full, glows with a strange light, and appears to be inhabited by some misshapen life-form. Curiosity leads Jerry to return to the place, which somehow causes him to wake up one morning to see that he has been transformed into a woman.

"Babel's Children"
A young woman named Vanessa Jape happens across a secluded compound in which a group of elderly scientists and scholars use their great minds to determine the outcome of major world events. After living there for many years in seclusion, their decisions have degenerated and are now based on games of chance. When Vanessa and the men seek to flee the compound, they experience a car accident; all the elders are killed with the exception of one who refused to go along. Vanessa returns to the compound, forced to participate in the games of chance with the survivor until replacements can be found.

"In the Flesh"
A prison inmate named Cleve gets a new cellmate, a mysterious young man called Billy, who admits that he committed a crime with the sole intention of coming to this particular prison. Billy believes he has been summoned there by his grandfather Tait, a supposedly powerful sorcerer who was buried in the prison after his execution for murder many years before. Billy's efforts to summon Tait's spirit cause Cleve to be haunted by dreams of a purgatory for murderers, where killers are obliged to spend some portion of their afterlife in a replica of the scene of their crime. Later, Billy vanishes from his cell. His grandfather's coffin is exhumed and found to contain Billy curled up next to his grandfather's corpse. Once released, Cleve finds his travels to purgatory have left him able to hear when others have thoughts of murder. He becomes disillusioned with humanity and becomes a heroin addict to suppress his newfound powers. Cleve later commits a murder himself and is shot dead by the police. He spends an indeterminate amount of time in his own purgatory, then discovers escape is possible via reincarnation.

Volume Six
Several of these stories are also published in Cabal.

"The Life of Death"
Following a brush with cancer and a subsequent hysterectomy, a woman named Elaine becomes fascinated with a church that is being demolished. She encounters a cheerfully morbid man with skeletal features named Kavanagh, who shares her fascination. The demolition soon reveals a tomb of plague victims that had been fermenting for centuries, and Elaine breaks in at night to see the bodies. Later, when her friends begin to die off and the police come after her, Elaine takes refuge with Kavanagh, who she firmly believes is really Death. Kavanagh, a serial killer and necrophile, strangles and rapes Elaine. As her soul flees her body, Elaine feels a sick sort of glee when she realizes that Kavanagh is now the carrier of the plague she contracted in the tomb, and will spread it far and wide.

"How Spoilers Bleed"
Several European mercenaries, led by a cold-hearted man named Locke, have bought land in the jungles of South America that is inhabited by a tribe of Amazonian natives. When the tribe refuse to leave, one of Locke's cohorts impulsively and accidentally shoots a native child dead. The elder of the tribe puts a curse on the men which strikes them down one by one with a gruesome condition that makes their bodies incredibly delicate; a mote of dust can slice their skin open, the soles of their feet crack when they stand, etc. After his men die off, Locke returns to the tribe to beg for forgiveness. However, when he gets there, the tribe has been massacred by some of his other colleagues. Locke begins to suffer the symptoms of the deadly curse just as he realizes there is now no way of having it removed.

"Twilight at the Towers"
A British spy named Ballard stationed in Berlin meets with a KGB counterpart named Mironenko. After their meeting, Mironenko disappears. As Ballard investigates, he witnesses a vicious mauling, which in turn, leads him to discover that he and Mironenko are both werewolves, trained by each agency to defeat the other. Both governments raid their meeting place, causing Mironenko to transform fully. Ballard runs and wakes up in a fellow operative's house. Ballard's rival, Suckling, arrives and kills the agent, only to be killed by the transformed Ballard. Ballard seeks Mironenko, and finds him reading from the Holy Bible to a group of werewolves. The passages he has chosen strongly imply that Mironenko believes God wants them to rule over humankind.

"The Last Illusion"
The story begins when an illusionist named Swann is killed backstage by one of his own tricks, with several swords falling on him. Before his death, Swann gives his wife Dorothea a letter stating she must cremate his body immediately before enemies take action. Believing there are unseen dangers at play, Dorothea hires Harry D'Amour to guard the body, having read in newspapers that the private investigator seemingly encountered supernatural forces during a case in Brooklyn. D'Amour learns that the illusionist once made a deal with demons in order to possess actual magical power. With the assistance of Swann's underling Valentin, secretly a demon himself, D'Amour protects Swann's body and cremates it. A demon called Butterfield tells D'Amour that he is now marked as an enemy of the forces of Hell.

This story was the debut of Harry D'Amour, who would appear in other Clive Barker writings and eventually encounter Barker's popular creation the Hell Priest (Pinhead). This short story was later adapted by Barker himself into the 1995 film Lord of Illusions.

"On Jerusalem Street" (a postscript)
Only included in some UK editions of the Books of Blood, this tale is a sequel to "The Book of Blood" from Volume One, creating a framing story. Wyburd is hired to obtain the stories of Simon McNeal, the Book of Blood, for a collector. He captures McNeal and skins him. Later, the skin bleeds and won't stop, finally drowning Wyburd. He ends up on the highways of the dead, where he tells his own story.

This story, along with the prologue from Volume One, was adapted and directed twice. First for the film Book of Blood by John Harrison and then for the 2020 Brannon Braga film Books of Blood.

Reception
With the publication of the first volume, Barker became an overnight sensation and was hailed by Stephen King as "the future of horror". The book won both the British Fantasy Award, and the World Fantasy Award.

Neil Gaiman reviewed Books of Blood for Imagine magazine, and stated that "for those of you who wonder how far it is possible for an author to go, you need look no further, as hands attempt to rule the world, frogs succeed (sort of), and there's something unpleasant behind every door."

In other media

Comics
Eighteen of the stories in the Books of Blood have been adapted by Eclipse Books in the comic series Tapping the Vein as well as other titled adaptations.

Film and television

Novelette "Rawhead Rex":
 Rawhead Rex (1986), film directed by George Pavlou

Novelette "The Forbidden":
 Candyman (1992), film directed by Bernard Rose
 Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh (1995), film directed by Bill Condon, based on characters
 Candyman 3: Day of the Dead (1999), film directed by Turi Meyer, based on characters
 Candyman (2021), film directed by Nia DaCosta, based on characters

Novella "The Last Illusion":
 Lord of Illusions (1995), film directed by Clive Barker

Novelette "The Body Politic":
 "The Body Politic", first story of the TV movie Quicksilver Highway (1997) directed by Mick Garris

Novelette "The Midnight Meat Train":
 The Midnight Meat Train (2008), film directed by Ryuhei Kitamura

Novelette "Dread":
 Dread (2009), film directed by Anthony DiBlasi

Short stories "The Book of Blood" and "On Jerusalem Street":
 Book of Blood (2009), film directed by John Harrison
 Books of Blood (2020), TV movie directed by Brannon Braga

Novelette "The Yattering and Jack":
 Episode 7 of the fourth season of the television series Tales from the Darkside (1987), adapted by Clive Barker

References

External links
 Revelations – The Official Clive Barker Online Resource – Includes a full bibliography, filmography and frequently updated news.

Short story collections by Clive Barker
Series of books
Debut books
Splatterpunk
Horror short stories
Fantasy short stories
Fantasy short story collections
1984 short story collections
1985 short story collections
Sphere Books books

Books of Blood


Astragalus didymocarpus is a species of milkvetch known by the common names Dwarf white milkvetch and Two-seeded milkvetch. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in many types of habitat.

Description
Astragalus didymocarpus is a slender, hairy annual herb growing erect to about  tall, drooping, or flat on the ground in a spreading clump. The leaves are up to  long and are made up of narrow to oblong leaflets. The inflorescence is a cluster of up to 30 purple-tinted white flowers, each under  long. The inflorescence is covered in long black and white hairs.

The fruit is a small, spherical legume pod which dries to a stiff papery texture.

Varieties
There are several varieties of Astragalus didymocarpus:
A. d. var. didymocarpus - erect herb found in western Nevada and much of California
A. d. var. dispermus - prostrate form native to the desert regions
A. d. var. milesianus (Miles' milkvetch) - rare variety found only along the Central Coast of California
A. d. var. obispoensis - form with ascending stems native to coastal southern California and Baja California

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Astragalus didymocarpus
USDA Plants Profile: Astragalus didymocarpus
Photo gallery: Astragalus didymocarpus var. didymocarpus

didymocarpus
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Flora of California
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)

Astragalus didymocarpus


The Caves of Gargas (, ) in the Pyrenees region of France are known for their cave art from the Upper Paleolithic period - about 27,000 years old.

The caves are open to the public.

Location
The caves are located near the town of Aventignan in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France, at the edge of the Haute-Garonne close to Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges.

History

Human occupation
The caves have yielded evidence of occupation (bones, lithics (stone tools) and portable art) from the Mousterian to the Middle Ages, but it is most famous for its paintings and engravings of the Upper Paleolithic.

The paintings have numerous negative hand stencils made by the stencil technique. The hands are red (ochre) or black (manganese oxide), using a mixture of iron oxide and manganese crushed with animal fat, and sprayed around the hand against the wall. Some have one or more fingers absent which leads to hypotheses of diseases, frostbite and ritual amputation, but most researchers prefer the symbolism of bending one or more fingers.

Many figurative engravings are also present in other parts of the caves, depicting horses, bison, aurochs, ibex and mammoth. Carbon-14 dating of a bone stuck in a crack in a wall decorated with hand stencils revealed close to 27,000 years BP, indicating that the cave was frequented in the Gravettian period. It is surmised that the Hands paintings probably date from this period.

Discovery
The two chambers of the caves began to be scientifically explored and documented at the end of the 19th century by Émile Cartailhac and Abbé Henri Breuil, but it was Felix Regnault who discovered the hand-print images in 1906.

Tourism
The caves have been classified since 1910 by the French Ministry of Culture as a monument historique (historic monument), Schedule 2, and are open to the public.

See also

 Prehistoric art
 List of archaeological sites by country
 List of caves
 Cave painting

References

Bibliography
 Foucher Pascal, San Juan-Foucher Cristina, Rumeau Yoan, La grotte de Gargas. Un siècle de découvertes, Édition Communautés de Communes du Canton de Saint-Laurent-de-Neste, 2007, 128 pages.

19th-century archaeological discoveries
Caves of Occitania (administrative region)
Caves containing pictograms in France
Stone Age sites in France
Monuments historiques of Occitania (administrative region)
World Heritage Sites in France
Mousterian

Caves of Gargas


National Indigenous Veterans Day (also known as National Aboriginal Veterans Day) is a memorial day observed in Canada in recognition of aboriginal contributions to military service, particularly in the First and Second World Wars and the Korean War. It occurs annually on 8 November. The day was first commemorated in 1994. The special memorial was created because before 1994 Indigenous veterans were not recognized in Remembrance Day activities. Indigenous veterans had to overcome many obstacles to serve Canada in these wars, including adjusting to new cultures, sometimes learning to speak new languages (usually English) and travelling long distances to enlist.

The memorial was inaugurated in Winnipeg in 1994, and has since spread nationwide.

References

External links
Aboriginal-Canadian Veterans at Veterans Affairs Canada.
Indigenous Veterans  at Veterans Affairs Canada
Nov. 8 marks National Aboriginal Veterans Day  at Department of National Defense, Government of Canada

Observances honoring victims of war
Veterans days
November observances
Veterans' affairs in Canada
Indigenous peoples days

National Aboriginal Veterans Day


An Evening with Il Divo: Live in Barcelona is the first live album by classical crossover vocal group Il Divo. It was recorded at the Palau Sant Jordi concert An Evening with Il Divo: Live in Barcelona. on 3 April 2009 and the album was released 1 December the same year. It was made available in both Blu-ray and DVDs + CD format.

Overview

The live album mostly covers material from their prior studio albums but also includes two new songs in the quartet's repertoire. "Bridge over Troubled Water", by Simon & Garfunkel, and "The Impossible Dream" from the Broadway musical Man of La Mancha. It contains songs interpreted mainly in English and Spanish, and the DVD includes behind the scenes and an interview with the group. It was directed by Guillermo Baker.  Giorgio Armani designed the wardrobe of Carlos Marín, David Miller, Sebastien Izambard and Urs Buhler for this concert.

It debuted at No.1 in nine countries, including Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands and was certified Gold in Mexico.

Track listing

DVD

CD

Certifications

See also
 Il Divo Videography
 Il Divo discography

References

2009 live albums
Il Divo albums


Low or LOW or lows, may mean:

People
 Low (surname), listing people surnamed Low

Places
 Low, Quebec, Canada
 Low, Utah, United States
 Lo Wu Station (MTR code LOW), Hong Kong; a rail station
 Salzburg Airport (ICAO airport code: LOWS), Austria

Music
 Low (band), an American indie rock group from Duluth, Minnesota

Albums
 Low (David Bowie album), 1977
 Low (Testament album), 1994
 Low (Low EP), 1994

Songs
 "Low" (Cracker song), 1993
 "Low" (Flo Rida song), 2007
 "Low" (Foo Fighters song), 2002
 "Low" (Juicy J song), 2014
 "Low" (Kelly Clarkson song), 2003
 "Low", by Camp Mulla
 "Low", by Coldplay from X&Y
 "Low", by Inna from the self-titled album
 "Low", by Marianas Trench from Fix Me
 "Low", by R.E.M. from Out of Time
 "Low", by Silverchair from Young Modern
 "Low", by Sleeping with Sirens from Feel
 "Low", by Tech N9ne from K.O.D.
 "Low Low Low", by James from Laid
 "Low" (Lenny Kravitz song), 2018

Other uses
 Launch on warning (LOW)
 Low (complexity), a concept in computational complexity theory
 Low (computability)
 Low (comics), an Image Comics series by Rick Remender and Greg Tocchini
 LOW Festival, a cultural festival
 Low pressure area, a concept in meteorology
 Louise Weiss building, the seat of the European Parliament
 League of Wales, the top football league in Wales

Related pages
 T Low (rapper)

 LO (disambiguation)
 Löw (disambiguation)
 Löwe (disambiguation)
 Lowe (disambiguation)

Low


Anita Louise Suazo (born May 13, 1937) is a Native American potter from Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico, United States.

Background
She is the daughter of Ernesto Tapia and noted potter Belen Tafoya Tapia (1914–1999). Anita's mother Belen was one of the innovators of finely crafted polychrome redwares. She was a first cousin to Margaret Tafoya. Growing up in a family of traditional potters, Anita began learning Santa Clara pottery techniques as a child from her mother.

Artwork
She works with her husband Joseph who helps her dig clay from the soil near Santa Clara. Her pots are made using the traditional, free hand coiling technique, polishing stones and native clays.

Anita makes carved redware and blackware, polychrome redware, black melon pots and carved two-tone black on black pottery. She carves or decorates her pots with water serpents, rain clouds, kiva steps, feathers and other prehistoric stylized designs.

Awards and honors
Anita is recognized as a master potter. Since 1979, she has consistently won awards at the Santa Fe Indian Market and the Eight Northern Pueblos Indian Arts and Crafts Shows. In 1985, she participated in the Sid Deusch Gallery show in New York with Margaret Tafoya and 42 other Santa Clara potters. In 1986 she received the Jack Hoover Memorial Award for excellence in Santa Clara pottery. She has taught workshops and given demonstrations on traditional Native American pottery techniques at the University of New Mexico and the University of California at Davis. Her pottery can be found in collections of the Heard Museum in Phoenix, the Smithsonian Institution, the Millicent Rogers Museum in Taos, the Museum of New Mexico in Santa Fe, and in collections around the world.

Further reading
Hayes, Allan and John Blom. Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi to Zuni. 1996.
LaFree, Betty. Santa Clara Pottery Today. 1975.
Schaaf, Gregory. Pueblo Indian Pottery: 750 Artist Biographies. 2000.

External links
 Anita Louise Suazo pottery at the Holmes Museum of Anthropology

1937 births
Living people
Santa Clara Pueblo people
Artists from New Mexico
Native American potters
American potters
American women ceramists
20th-century American ceramists
20th-century American women artists
Women potters
21st-century American ceramists
21st-century American women artists
20th-century Native American artists
21st-century Native American artists
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women

Anita Louise Suazo


Newport is a small unincorporated community in Wakulla County, Florida, United States of America, situated where U.S. Highway 98 meets State Road 267.

History

1840s
In 1841, the current Newport area and the community of Port Leon, just south, endured a severe yellow fever epidemic. In 1843 Port Leon, located on the St. Marks River, was devastated by a hurricane that produced a 10-foot storm surge. The area still struggles against the same recurring hurricane surges that move up the St. Marks River entrance.

After the hurricane of September 13, 1843, washed away all of the homes, buildings and railroad tracks in Port Leon promoters Nathaniel Hamlin, James Ormond, Peter H. Swain and several others met a week later and made plans to establish another town.

They spent several days searching for a site safe from the sea, then selected a piece of land on the west side of the St. Marks River, about two miles below the old town of Magnolia, Florida. This location offered high ground, fewer swamps, and springs. It was owned by the Apalachicola Land Co. The organization permitted citizens who had suffered from the storm to draw lots at a cost of $25 and up.

The promoters named this new town Newport and platted it with four streets running east and west. The streets were New, Washington, Market and Adams. Those that extended north and south bore the names Bay, Pine, Elm and West. These street names were remarkably similar to those in St. Joseph, Florida territorial Florida's largest town, about 80 miles to the west down the coast.

A seat of government
Since most of Port Leon was destroyed by the storm, Newport became the seat of government in Wakulla County on Feb. 1, 1844. One of the priorities became removing the debris from the St. Marks River, a project discussed and attempted almost 20 years earlier. Dredging was undertaken, but it failed to really deepen or remove many of the rocks from the river.  Daniel Ladd, Newport's leading cotton merchant, solved the situation by ordering a 100-foot steam tugboat named Spray, later the CSS Spray. Ladd used this craft to tow vessels into and out of Newport.

Although those involved in the cotton brokerage businesses built several warehouses at Newport, the town shared its shipping with St. Marks further down the river. By that time, the Tallahassee Railroad had rebuilt its tracks that had been destroyed in the storm of 1843, and 40 mules were back pulling cars. A stage coach transported passengers from the terminal near St. Marks to Newport. Exporting cotton, tobacco and animal hides and importing items such as flour, coffee, whiskey, gunpowder, quinine and other medicines by rail proved expensive.

A plank road
Newport competed as a port with nearby St. Marks that offered a rail connection to Tallahassee that, in the beginning, featured mule-pulled train cars.   Inland cotton growers and shippers through the rail terminus at Tallahassee would carry their cargo to these river ports on the St. Marks River from which they would be carried to other ports and processing points along the gulf coast and eastern seaboard.

Although several roads led to Newport, the idea of a "plank road" became popular in the mid-19th century as an alternative to high railway charges and road-building problems. This type of road was introduced by the Spanish centuries earlier when they created routes of travel by laying logs across low places. Ladd, Ormond, John Denham, William McNaught and several others in Newport backed a plan to build a plank road proposed by Green and Joseph Chaires, wealthy Leon County planters.

The Florida Legislature incorporated the Georgia and Georgia-Florida Plank Road Company in 1851. The road was to run from Newport to Thomasville, Georgia, but it was completed to only the Tallahassee vicinity. Wagons used this road at a cost of about $1, and it brought competition to the Tallahassee Railroad.

Eventually, the rail connection from St. Marks was upgraded to accommodate locomotive-pulled trains and the St. Marks port became dominant over Newport with their wood plank road to Tallahassee.  Newport dwindled but remains intact with a handful of residents.

1850s
In 1856, the Pensacola and Georgia Railroad obtained controlling interest in the Tallahassee-St. Marks Railroad. The new company improved the tracks and replaced the mules with a steam locomotive that cut travel time from five hours to two hours.

Attractions
Newport has Newport Springs, a sulfur spring said to have healing properties. The spring empties into the St. Marks River.  Below the springs there are a series of caves. Wakulla County has taken over maintenance of Newport Springs.

Photo gallery

Nearby attractions
 St. Marks Lighthouse

References

Unincorporated communities in Wakulla County, Florida
Tallahassee metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Florida
Former municipalities in Florida
Former county seats in Florida

Newport, Florida


Lizzie is a 1957 American film noir drama film directed by Hugo Haas. The film is based on the 1954 novel The Bird's Nest by Shirley Jackson and stars Eleanor Parker, Richard Boone and Joan Blondell. The popular songs "It's Not for Me to Say" and "Warm and Tender" were written for this film, and performed by Johnny Mathis, who played a piano player/singer in the film. The film was produced by MGM Studios.

Plot
Elizabeth (Eleanor Parker) has recurring headaches and is plagued with insomnia. She is receiving letters from a woman called Lizzie, but Elizabeth can't remember knowing anyone named Lizzie. When Elizabeth is under hypnosis, her psychiatrist, Dr. Wright (Richard Boone), discovers Elizabeth has three personalities: The shy Elizabeth, the Mr. Hyde-like Lizzie, and the kind, well-adjusted Beth, the woman she always should have been. It is up to Dr. Wright to help Elizabeth to become Beth completely.

Cast
 Eleanor Parker as Elizabeth Richmondt
 Richard Boone as Dr. Neal Wright
 Joan Blondell as Aunt Morgan
 Hugo Haas as Walter Brenner
 Ric Roman as Johnny Valenzo
 Dorothy Arnold as Elizabeth's mother
 Marion Ross as Ruth Seaton
 Johnny Mathis as Piano Singer

Production
The film was produced by Bryna Productions, which was Kirk Douglas' company. He was reportedly unimpressed with the project, which is why he didn't star in it or even take a credit as executive producer.

Johnny Mathis made his film debut in Lizzie. "It's Not for Me to Say" became one of his big hits during his career. Both this song and "Warm and Tender", which appear in the film, were subsequently included in Mathis' fifth album, Johnny's Greatest Hits.

TCM.com reports that Lizzie's producers sued Fox to postpone the release of the film The Three Faces of Eve, starring Joanne Woodward, because of the similarity of their plots. Fox did delay until early in 1957 after the publication of the biography on which The Three Faces of Eve was based.

Reception
According to MGM records, the film earned $280,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $275,000 in other markets, resulting in a loss of $154,000.

Shirley Jackson, the author of the novel on which Lizzie was based, was reportedly unimpressed with the screenplay, writing "I have read the screen play and it sounds a little like Ma and Pa Kettle, or Abbott and Costello meet a multiple personality." but when she saw the movie, she "thought it was extremely good, and enormously improved over the first script I saw."

See also
 List of American films of 1957

References

External links

1957 films
1957 drama films
American drama films
Films directed by Hugo Haas
Films based on American novels
Films about psychiatry
Films about hypnosis
Films about dissociative identity disorder
Insomnia in film
American black-and-white films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Bryna Productions films
Films based on works by Shirley Jackson
Films scored by Leith Stevens
1950s English-language films
1950s American films

Lizzie (1957 film)


The Fourth Philippic is a speech attributed to the Athenian statesman and orator, Demosthenes and given in 341 BC. It constitutes the last of the four philippics. Modern scholars, however, consider that the speech is not Demosthenes' work and may be attributed to Anaximenes of Lampsacus who frequently wrote imagined dialogues or speeches for real figures. If it was a genuine Demosthenic speech, it is likely that it was issued in pamphlet form rather than actually delivered as a speech.

Historical background

In 341 BC, when the embassy for which Demosthenes is calling in his fourth Philippic is sent to the Persians, Philip of Macedon is angry. Yet, the Persians reject the embassy.

Content of the speech
In the Fourth Philippic, Demosthenes asks that money be sent because of an upcoming war with Macedon. He calls for Athens to send an embassy to the Persians. It includes two significant passages copied from Demosthenes' earlier On the Chersonese and Second Philippic speeches, leading to further doubts about its authorship.

See also
First Philippic
Second Philippic
Third Philippic

References

Bibliography

External links

Philippic
341 BC
Ancient Greek orations

Fourth Philippic