Wasiu Alabi Odetola (Pasuma) (bon 27 November 1967), wey dem dey also call "Oganla one",na Nigerian film actor, Fuji musician.

How e take stat
Dem bon Pasuma, wey im real nem be Wasiu Alabi Odetola, on November 8,  1967 for Mushin inside Lagos State and im  come gro op for Kwara State, Western Nigeria. Im mama na before before actress wey bikom trader, while im papa bi general manager for one local company. Pasuma's papa and mama separate when im bi teenager.

How im take work
As young boy, Pasuma like to dey listen to King Wasiu Ayinde Marshall (KWAM 1) album 'Talazo' and im talk say na di album make im decide to becom Fuji musician. Pasuma bin release "Recognition" wey bi im first album in 1993. Since di time,im don release over 30 albums,wey make am dey among the most successful Fuji musicians in Nigeria.
Im don also do collabo with plenty recording artists wey include Bola Abimbola and King Sunny Ade. Apart  from singing, Pasuma don also feature for some Nigerian movies wey include Iyanje plus Alenibare.
For September 6, 2015, Pasuma beat people like Olamide, Phyno, Flavor come become di winner of  Best Indigenous Artist of di year for inside Nigeria Entertainment Awards. Dem also nominate Pasuma, Saheed Osupa, Sule Alao Malaika, Shefiu Alao, Taye Currency, Muri Thunder for Best featured Non-Islamic Artiste in Islamic album for 2016.

Pasuma be philanthropist wey don help many artiste wey just dey come up.

Albums wey im don Release
Alhaji Wasiu Alabi Pasuma don record and release about 30 Fuji Music Albums. Him first album na 1993 wey him record am. Na all him albums dem arrange under as him take realease dem:
Recognition
Choice
Orobokibo
Computer
The man
Confidence
London experience
London Scope
African Puff Daddy
Entertainer
Americana
Extravaganzer
Desperado
High level and joker (2in1)
Judgment
Unique and superior (2in1)
Fuji Motion
Maintain and Sustain (2in1)
Initiator
Importer and exporter (2 in 1)
Stability
In and out
Brain box and Stardom (2in1)
Infinity
Role Model
Feel it
Ability
Yankee Party Time
Sure pass
Influential
Purity
December tonic
Torin tilu
My World (Hip-hop album)
Me, Myself and I
Gateway
Undefeated
Compatibility
Game changer
Goodness and Mercy
Wisdom and Maturity
Gratitude
Testimony and Advice
Hello and 2020
MMM (Money Making Machine)

Album wey im do with other pipu
 Fuji gyration (Sule Malaika)

Singles
Iseju Meji (Ft 9ice)
Whyne am
Kowale
Change
Action (ft Olamide)
Quality
Olorun Oje (ft Q dot)
Am on fire (ft Phyno)
Labe igi (ft Oritse Femi)
Oruka
Our Lagos (ft Patoranking)
Ife (Ft Tiwa Savage)
ogede ti pon
Abo
Oganla (ft Olamide & Lil Kesh)
Amen (ft Davido)

Wasiu Alabi Pasuma


The Rhenish helm is a type of spire typical of Romanesque church architecture of the historic Rhineland.

It is a pyramidal roof on towers of square plan. Each of the four sides of the roof is rhomboid in form, with the long diagonal running from the apex of roof to one of the corners of the supporting tower. Each side of the tower is topped with an even triangular gable from the peak of which runs a ridge to the apex of the roof. Thus, the corners of the pyramidical roof do not correspond with the corners of the tower but with the peaks of the gables.

An early if not the first example of such spires can be found on the four tall towers of the Cathedral of Speyer. Rhenish helm spires are mainly found in the historical Rhineland but there are a few churches in other areas with such spires.

Examples of churches in the historical Rhineland
 Speyer Cathedral
 Maria Laach Abbey, near Andernach
 Basilica of St. Castor, Koblenz
 Collegiate Church of St. Bartholomew, Liège
 Limburg Cathedral
 St. Dionysius, Rhens
 Munsterkerk, Roermond
 St. Faith's Church, Sélestat
 Basilica of the Holy Apostles, Cologne
 St. Maria Lyskirchen, Cologne
 St. Aegidius Church, Bad Honnef
 Eibingen Abbey

Examples of churches outside of the historical Rhineland

Germany
 St. Mary's Church, Lübeck
 Stumm-Kirche, Brebach-Fechingen, Saarbrücken

The Netherlands
 Basilica of Our Lady, Maastricht

Canada
 Moravian Church, Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Saint Peter's and Saint John's Anglican Church, Baddeck, Nova Scotia
 Trinity Anglican Church, Jordan Falls, Nova Scotia

China
 St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao

England
 Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Sompting, West Sussex
 St Margaret's Church, Wormhill, Derbyshire
 St Mary's Church, Flixton, Suffolk
 St Peter and St Paul, Hawkley, Hampshire
 St Stephen's Church, West Bowling, Bradford, West Yorkshire
 St Andrew's Church, Churcham, Gloucestershire
 St Anne's Church, Bowden Hill, Wiltshire

Hungary
 Abbey Church of St James, Lébény
 Mary Magdalene Church, Egregy, Hévíz

Denmark
 Ribe Cathedral

The United States
 Old Chapel (Amherst, Massachusetts)

Further examples
Preußisches Regierungsgebäude, Koblenz
 Temple Neuf, Metz
 https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3852199
 https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/mysterious-and-magnificent-lewes-home-market-1109789?amp
Towers
Architectural elements
Church architecture

Rhenish helm


The Oley Valley is a valley  northeast of Reading, Pennsylvania. It covers all of Oley, Pike, Ruscombmanor, Alsace, and part of Exeter Township. The valley is drained by Manatawny and Pine Creeks, and is a part of the Schuylkill River system. At the center of the valley is the village of Oley. The village has a strong historical heritage. In March 1983, the entire Township of Oley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

Native Americans
Before European settlers arrived the valley was home to a tribe of Delaware (Lenni-Lenape). In fact it was the Native Americans that gave Oley its name. In Lenape, Olink means kettle, which is roughly the shape of the valley, which was an important meeting place for Native Americans. The Sacred Oak, which is located about one mile (1.6 km) from Main Street is a more-than-500-year-old Oak tree at which the Lenape made treaties and settled differences.

The first European settlers arrived in the Oley Valley in the early 1700s. When they arrived they found prosperous Lenape villages and fields of corn. The settlers and the Native Americans existed peacefully for many years with some of the Indians converting to Christianity. However, when the French and Indian War began relations between the settlers and the Lenape became strained. One day it was reported that a nearby farmer had been killed by Indians and the entire town gathered in the largest house. That night sentries were posted and all men with their muskets were positioned at small firing ports cut in the building's wall. The next morning a man was seen walking down the road, at first perceived to be an Indian it turned out to be the farmer who had supposedly been murdered. The farmer had no knowledge of his supposed death and informed the townspeople that in the middle of the night all the Lenape had disappeared from the Oley Valley. It is believed that Native Americans of the Valley left to fight in the war although it is still a mystery since none of them ever returned. The Indians' dwellings were left standing and undisturbed for many years until the last house collapsed in 1856.

The settlers
The first European settlers in the Oley Valley arrived in the early 1700s. The settlers were primarily German along with French Huguenots and Swiss seeking religious freedom. One of the Valley's early residents was Mordecai Lincoln, the great-grandfather of Abraham Lincoln the 16th President of United States. The Lincoln Homestead can still be seen and visited in what is now Exeter Township. The Moravian Church had a Congregation for a time in Oley and operated one of the first schools in the area. The first settler, named John Palmer Fleck of Wyomissing, moved to the Maxatawny region of the Oley Valley

Another one of the Valley's early residents was the Boone family. Daniel Boone the famous pioneer was born in Oley in 1734. Oley played an important role during the early days of the Revolutionary War. During George Washington's encampment at Valley Forge, Oley's farmers sent large amounts of food along with cannonballs made at the Oley Furnace to bolster Washington's army.

The "Annals of Oley Valley" were written in 1926 and continue to be a genealogical resource to this day. The town was originally named "Friedensburg" but that was changed after World War II because it was too often confused with a different Friedensburg PA located farther north.

Prior to World War II, Pennsylvania Dutch was still the primary language of the native residents. After the war use of the language decreased and today it is only fluently spoken by the older residents of the valley. Even though the language is almost gone a strong heritage remains among the people of the valley.

The American poet Wallace Stevens was raised in Reading, and the Oley Valley influenced some of his poetry. Stevens' poem "Credences of Summer" (published in his 1947 collection Transport to Summer) alludes to the valley:

Mountain Mary
One of the most prominent people in the history of early Oley was Mountain Mary. Originally Anna Maria Jung, she was a German immigrant who practiced the art of Braucherei, commonly known as pow-wow. Her knowledge of herbal remedies for various ailments is the basis of her notoriety, even today. She was a resource for those seeking advice and offered remedies and comfort to the sick. She kept one cow and did her own baking and some light farming, common for the era, but made her income primarily by keeping bees and making butter. Her secluded log cabin on a ridge above Pikeville, where she lived a reclusive life with her two sisters, no longer stands, but her spring house survives on a farm along Mountain Mary Road. The 1790 Census, the nation's first, lists Mountain Mary as an "abbess," suggesting that her home was seen as a kind of convent. She met her own death after becoming ill in November 1819.

Community
Oley is the small village located at the center of the Oley Valley. It sits at the intersection of PA Route 73 and PA Route 662.

The Oley Fair
In 1946, the Oley Valley Community Fair Association was officially established. A year later the first annual Oley Valley Community Fair was held on October 2-October 4. The first Oley Fair included exhibits of locally produced goods, exhibits from local businesses, entertainment, and food.

The Oley Fair originally began on the Oley School grounds. Classes were dismissed early in order to set up for the fair, in fact, students continue to be dismissed early on the Friday during the week of the fair. Various exhibits were housed inside the school including the Home Economics, Fruit and Vegetable Departments, as well as some commercial displays. A few Oley citizens lent money to the Fair to purchase surplus tents from the Army. These tents were erected on the playing fields behind the school to house the Farm Crops and Livestock.

In 1958, building expansions on the Oley School grounds limited the availability of buildings to the Fair Association. For this reason other locations were considered and the Oley Fire Company grounds, which were adjacent to the school grounds, were selected as an alternate location for the fair. The fair was also able to purchase  of land adjacent to the Oley Fire Company grounds which is used for additional parking. All of these projects have helped to better display and promote many of the fair's exhibits and activities.

The Oley Fair still continues strong to this day with the Fair celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2006. The Fair has become a community tradition and some people work hard for the entire year to grow a prize-winning fruit or vegetable. The Fair offers the people of the Valley an opportunity to show their prize-winning livestock, produce, and handiwork. The Fair is also famous for its food, which is prepared by volunteers, not commercial vendors, and is cooked in traditional
Pennsylvania Dutch style.

Reading Motorcycle Club

Oley is home to the Reading Motorcycle club which has met annually in Oley for the past 65 years.  Officially, the Reading Motorcycle Club is 97 years old. Although research has turned up evidence of an organized motorcycle club in Reading as early as 1905, it wasn't until 1914 that the club was officially incorporated. Oley is home to a rural community which welcomes the motorcycle community.

Recent Development of the Oley Valley
Starting the summer of 2006 the construction of two developments began in Oley. One development is being built at Cricket Slopes with 12 homes and another at Middlecreek Farms with 35 homes. These are the first large scale developments to be built in the Valley in almost 30 years. Also in the winter of 2006 construction began on a 130 home 55 and older community built on  of land, next to the Elementary and Middle school. Many people have complained that these developments harm the rural and historical heritage of Oley, as well as increase the taxes, and the local government has put zoning in place to protect/preserve the prime farmland. In 2008, construction began on a new building to house the Post Office and the Oley Fire Company Ambulance. The Post Office and Fire Company began using the building in late 2009.

In 2012, an Old Order Mennonite community was established in the Oley Valley, buying two large farms. The Old Order Mennonites in the area belong to the Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church and use the horse and buggy as transportation.

See also
Oley Valley High School
Oley Township, Pennsylvania

References

External links
Oley Valley: Schuylkill River Heritage Area

Landforms of Berks County, Pennsylvania
Regions of Pennsylvania
Valleys of Pennsylvania

Oley Valley


Connie Booth (born December 2, 1940, Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American actress, writer and psychotherapist. She has appeared on British and American television. She played Polly Sherman in the popular 1970s sitcom Fawlty Towers. Booth ended her acting career 1995. She began working as a psychotherapist in the late 1990s.

Booth married John Cleese in 1968. Their daughter, actress Cynthia Cleese, was born in 1971. The couple divorced in 1978. Booth has been married to critic John Lahr since 2000.

Other websites

American television actors
American television writers
Actors from Indianapolis
Writers from Indiana
1944 births
Living people

Connie Booth


Billion is a name for a large number. There are two different meanings for the term:
 1,000,000,000 (, one thousand million) is the short scale definition. It is used in both British and American English. The short scale has been used in the United Kingdom since 1974. Its prefix is "giga-".
 1,000,000,000,000 (, one million million) is the long scale definition. It was formerly used in the United Kingdom. It is currently in some other countries. When "billion" has this meaning, the word "milliard" can be used for "thousand million".

Some examples of billion meaning thousand million:
 Over 1.3 billion people live in India.
 The total land area of Russia is 1.71 billion hectares.
 Billionaires are very rich people. Their wealth is in the billions of dollars, euros or pounds sterling.
 The Age of the Earth is about 4.5 billion years.
 One billion seconds is about 31.5 years.
 The distance to the planet Saturn from the Sun varies from 1.4 billion km to 1.5 billion km.

Billion may also refer to:
 Billions (TV series), a Showtime series
 Billions (movie), a 1920 silent comedy
 Billion (company), a Taiwanese modem manufacturer
 Jack Billion (born 1939), 2006 Democratic Party candidate for governor of South Dakota
 Mr. Billion, a 1977 movie by Jonathan Kaplan
 "Billions" (song), a song on Russell Dickerson's album Yours

Billion


Jan van Balen (21 July 1611 in Antwerp – 14 March 1654) was a Flemish painter known for his Baroque paintings of history and allegorical subjects.  He also painted landscapes and genre scenes.

Life
Jan van Balen was the son of Hendrick van Balen and Margriet Briers. His father was a prominent painter in Antwerp and played an important role in the renewal of Flemish painting in the early 17th century. He was also one of the teachers of Anthony van Dyck.

Jan van Balen had two brothers, Gaspard (born in 1615) and Hendrik (born in 1620) who were both painters. Jan was the teacher of his two younger brothers. His sister Maria married the painter Theodoor van Thulden.

Jan van Balen trained with his father.  He was registered at the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as an apprentice in 1631 and as a master in 1639–1640. At the occasion of the Joyous Entry (Pompa Introitus) by the new governor of the Spanish Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Antwerp in 1635, Jan van Balen collaborated with his brother Gaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens.

Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on a trip to Italy.  The two brothers worked in Rome where Gaspard died on 7 March 1641.  Jan then returned to Antwerp where he married Joanna van Weerden on 31 May 1642.  Not long after giving birth to their only child Peeter, his wife died on 6 April 1643.

Jan van Balen died in Antwerp in 1654. He was buried in the St. James' Church, Antwerp.

Work

General

Like his father Hendrick, Jan van Balen painted mythological and religious scenes in the style of his father.  He also painted landscapes and genre scenes.

Collaborations

As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, Jan van Balen often collaborated with other painters who were specialists in particular genres.  In particular, his collaborations with Jan Brueghel the Younger have been documented.  Jan Brueghel the Younger was a close collaborator with Rubens and had also worked on compositions with Jan's father Hendrick van Balen. Some of the collaborations between Jan Brueghel the Younger and Jan van Balen appear to have been based on compositions on which Jan Brueghel the Younger or his father Jan Brueghel the Elder and Hendrick van Balen had collaborated before.

Examples are The sleeping goddess Diana and her nymphs after the hunt, observed by satyrs based on an earlier composition of Jan Brueghel the Elder and Hendrick van Balen and The Feast of Bacchus (Auctioned at Dorotheum on 21 October 2014, Vienna, lot 27) based on an earlier composition of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Hendrick van Balen. In these collaborations Jan van Balen painted the figures.

Garland paintings

A special type of collaborative painting on which Jan van Balen collaborated regularly with Jan Brueghel the Younger are the so-called 'garland paintings'.  His father Hendrick van Balen played a role in the development of the genre of garland paintings, which typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait.  Together with Jan Brueghel the Elder, Hendrick van Balen had painted the first known garland painting around 1607–1608 for Italian cardinal Federico Borromeo, a passionate art collector and Catholic reformer. Borromeo requested the painting to respond to the destruction of images of the Virgin in the preceding century and it thus combined both his interests in Catholic reform and the arts.

The genre of garland paintings was inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Spanish Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. The genre was initially connected to the visual imagery of the Counter-Reformation movement.

Like their fathers, the sons of the inventors of the genre of garland painting also collaborated on similar paintings. An example of a collaborative garland painting of Jan van Balen and Jan Brueghel the Younger is the Flower garland with Holy Family (Hampel Auctions on 26 June 2014 Munich, lot 193).  The medallion in the centre depicts the Holy Family while the garland consists of flowers and fruits with a symbolic connection to the devotion to Mary.  Van Balen painted the medallion while Brueghel painted the abundant garland.

References

External links

1611 births
1654 deaths
Flemish Baroque painters
Flemish history painters
Painters from Antwerp

Jan van Balen


The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section II, of the U.S. Constitution. By custom and House rules, the speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House and is simultaneously its presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the speaker usually does not personally preside over debatesthat duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority partynor regularly participate in floor debates.

The Constitution does not explicitly require the speaker to be an incumbent member of the House of Representatives, although every speaker thus far has been, and as a member the speaker also represents their district and retains the right to vote. The speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the vice president and ahead of the president pro tempore of the Senate.

The 56th and current Speaker of the House is Mike Johnson, a Republican from Louisiana.

Selection
The House elects its speaker at the beginning of a new Congress (i.e., , after a general election) or when a speaker dies, resigns or is removed from the position during a term (which has happened only once). At the start of a new Congress, those voting to elect the speaker are representatives-elect, as a speaker must be selected before members are sworn in to office; the House of Representatives cannot organize or take other legislative actions until a speaker is elected.

Since 1839, the House has elected speakers by roll call vote. In practice, each party's caucus or conference selects a candidate for the speakership from among its senior leaders prior to the roll call. To be elected speaker, a candidate must receive a majority of votes from the members present and voting. If no candidate wins a majority, the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected. Representatives are free to vote for someone other than the candidate nominated by their party but generally do not, as the outcome of the election effectively demonstrates which party has the majority and consequently will organize the House.

Representatives who choose to vote for someone other than their party's nominee usually vote for someone else in their party or vote "present", in which case their vote does not count in tallying the vote positively or negatively. Anyone who votes for the other party's candidate could face serious consequences, as was the case when Democrat James Traficant voted for Republican Dennis Hastert in 2001 (107th Congress). In response, the Democrats stripped him of his seniority, and he lost all of his committee posts.

Upon election, the new speaker is sworn in by the dean of the United States House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member. Additionally, it is customary for the outgoing speaker, or the minority leader, to hand the speaker's gavel to the new speaker, as a mark of the peaceful transition of power.

Eligibility of non-members
While every speaker of the House has been a sitting House member, Article I, Section II, Clause 5, of the U.S. Constitution, concerning the choosing of a speaker, does not explicitly state House membership as a requirement. As noted by the Congressional Research Service, non-members have, on multiple occasions since 1997, received votes in speaker elections. In 1787, while the proposed Constitution was being considered, Pennsylvania Congress of the Confederation Delegate Tench Coxe publicly wrote the following:

The house of representatives is not, as the Senate, to have a president chosen for them from without their body, but are to elect their speaker from their own number . . . .

Noting that the Vesting Clause of Article I, Section I states that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives", political scientist Diana Schaub has argued, "Legislative powers cannot be lodged in the hands of a non-legislative person. To do so would violate the fundamental purpose of Article [I] of the Constitution." Both Schaub and the CRS note that the Standing Rules and Orders of the House created by the 1st United States Congress provided that the Speaker would vote "In all cases of ballot by the [H]ouse", while former House Intelligence Committee General Counsel Michael Ellis and attorney Greg Dubinsky have argued that the Speaker must be a House member because the Speaker performs various legislative functions that other House officers (such as the Sergeant at Arms and the Clerk) do not perform.

Schaub and the CRS also note that the text of the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 assumes that the Speaker is a House member in requiring the Speaker's resignation upon succession to the Presidency due to the Ineligibility Clause of Article I, Section VI. The Ineligibility Clause provides that "No ... Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States... and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of [the] House during his Continuance in Office." Along with political scientist Matthew J. Franck, Schaub, Ellis, and Dubinsky argue that permitting a Senator or an executive or judicial officer of the federal government to serve as a non-member Speaker would cause a significant breach of the constitutional separation of powers.

Schaub, Ellis, and Dubinsky also argue that permitting a non-member to serve as Speaker would effectively exempt Speakers from the eligibility requirements of the House Qualifications Clause of Article I, Section II and from being bound by an oath of office under the Oath or Affirmation Clause of Article VI as opposed to House members. The House Qualifications Clause requires that "No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States". The Oath or Affirmation Clause provides that "The ... Representatives before mentioned... and all executive and judicial Officers ... of the United States... shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution". Pursuant to Article VI, the 1st United States Congress passed the Oath Administration Act (that remains in effect) which provides that "...the oath or affirmation [required by the sixth article of the Constitution of the United States]… shall be administered ... to the Speaker".

Like the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in NLRB v. Noel Canning (2014), Ellis and Dubinsky cite an 1819 letter written by James Madison to Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals Judge Spencer Roane where Madison stated that "difficulties and differences of opinion [arising] in expounding terms [and] phrases ... used [in the Constitution]...  might require a regular course of practice to liquidate [and] settle the meaning of some of them." In holding in NLRB v. Noel Canning that the Recess Appointments Clause of Article II, Section II does not authorize the President to make appointments while the Senate is in pro forma sessions, the Supreme Court cited Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) in concluding that "The longstanding 'practice of the government' ... can inform [the] determination of 'what the law is.

Speaker pro tempore
Under the Rules of the House, the speaker may designate a member to serve as speaker pro tempore, acting as the body's presiding officer in the speaker's absence. In most instances, the speaker pro tempore designation lasts for no more than three legislative days, although in the case of illness of the speaker, the speaker pro tempore may serve for ten legislative days if the appointment is approved by the House.

Separately, a speaker pro tempore is designated in the event the office of the speaker is declared vacant. Under the current Rules of the House, at the start of their term, the speaker is required to create a secret ordered list of members to temporarily serve as speaker of the House if the speakership became vacant and to provide the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives this list "as soon as practicable after" his or her election "and whenever appropriate thereafter." The names are only revealed in the event of a vacancy (e.g., by the speaker's death, resignation, incapacitation, or removal from office).Katherine Tully-McManus, McHenry named as acting speaker, Politico (October 3, 2023). This "succession list" procedure was created in 2003,Kyle Stewart, What happens next after Kevin McCarthy ousted as speaker of the House, NBC News (October 3, 2023). following the September 11, 2001 attacks, to promote continuity of government. Rule I, clause 8 of the House Rules states the member whose name appears first on the list "shall act as Speaker pro tempore until the election of a Speaker or a Speaker pro tempore." The speaker pro tempore is not in the line of succession for the presidency.

Following the removal of Kevin McCarthy as speaker in October 2023 on a motion to vacate (the first time in history that a speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives was successfully removed by the House), Patrick McHenry was revealed to be the first name on McCarthy's list and became acting speaker. The intent of the rule was for the speaker pro tempore to serve for a short period, until the House elected a new speaker, but the House rules set no specific limit on the length of time that a member may be speaker pro tempore.

The designation of a speaker pro tempore for purposes of succession, and for purposes of serving as the body's presiding officer in the speaker's absence, is separate from the speaker's designation of multiple members as speakers pro tempore for the purpose of allowing them to sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions. The House Rules state: "With the approval of the House, the Speaker may appoint a Member to act as Speaker pro tempore only to sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions for a specified period of time." The list of the members with this duty (usually political allies of the speaker, or members from districts close to Washington and thus better able to hold pro forma sessions) is made public.

History

The first speaker of the House, Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania, was elected to office on April 1, 1789, the day the House organized itself at the start of the 1st Congress. He served two non-consecutive terms in the speaker's chair, 1789–1791 (1st Congress) and 1793–1795 (3rd Congress).

As the Constitution does not state the duties of the speaker, the speaker's role has largely been shaped by rules and customs that evolved over time. Scholars are divided as to whether early speakers played largely ceremonial and impartial roles or whether they were more active partisan actors.

19th century
From early in its existence, the speaker's primary function had been to keep order and enforce rules. The speakership was transformed into a position with power over the legislative process under Henry Clay (1811–1814, 1815–1820, and 1823–1825). In contrast to many of his predecessors, Clay participated in several debates and used his influence to procure the passage of measures he supported—for instance, the declaration of the War of 1812, and various laws relating to Clay's "American System" economic plan. Furthermore, when no candidate received an Electoral College majority in the 1824 presidential election, causing the president to be elected by the House, Speaker Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams instead of Andrew Jackson, thereby ensuring Adams' victory. Following Clay's retirement in 1825, the power of the speakership once again began to decline, despite speakership elections becoming increasingly bitter. As the Civil War approached, several sectional factions nominated their own candidates, often making it difficult for any candidate to attain a majority. In 1855 and again in 1859, for example, the contest for speaker lasted for two months before the House achieved a result. Speakers tended to have very short tenures during this period. For example, from 1839 to 1863 there were eleven speakers, only one of whom served for more than one term. James K. Polk is the only speaker of the House who was later elected president of the United States.

Toward the end of the 19th century, the office of speaker began to develop into a very powerful one. At the time, one of the most important sources of the speaker's power was his position as Chairman of the Committee on Rules, which, after the reorganization of the committee system in 1880, became one of the most powerful standing committees of the House. Furthermore, several speakers became leading figures in their political parties; examples include Democrats Samuel J. Randall, John Griffin Carlisle, and Charles F. Crisp, and Republicans James G. Blaine, Thomas Brackett Reed, and Joseph Gurney Cannon.

The power of the speaker was greatly augmented during the tenure of the Republican Thomas Brackett Reed (1889–1891, 1895–1899). "Czar Reed", as he was called by his opponents, sought to end the obstruction of bills by the minority, in particular by countering the tactic known as the "disappearing quorum". By refusing to vote on a motion, the minority could ensure that a quorum would not be achieved and that the result would be invalid. Reed, however, declared that members who were in the chamber but refused to vote would still count for the purposes of determining a quorum. Through these and other rulings, Reed ensured that the Democrats could not block the Republican agenda.

20th century
The speakership reached its apogee during the term of Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (1903–1911). Cannon exercised extraordinary control over the legislative process. He determined the agenda of the House, appointed the members of all committees, chose committee chairmen, headed the Rules Committee, and determined which committee heard each bill. He vigorously used his powers to ensure that Republican proposals were passed by the House. In 1910, however, Democrats and several dissatisfied Republicans joined to strip Cannon of many of his powers, including the ability to name committee members and his chairmanship of the Rules Committee. Fifteen years later, Speaker Nicholas Longworth restored much, but not all, of the lost influence of the position.

One of the most influential speakers in history was Democrat Sam Rayburn. Rayburn had the most cumulative time as speaker in history, holding office from 1940 to 1947, 1949 to 1953, and 1955 to 1961. He helped shape many bills, working quietly in the background with House committees. He also helped ensure the passage of several domestic measures and foreign assistance programs advocated by Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman.

Rayburn's successor, Democrat John W. McCormack (served 1962–1971), was a somewhat less influential speaker, particularly because of dissent from younger members of the Democratic Party. During the mid-1970s, the power of the speakership once again grew under Democrat Carl Albert. The Committee on Rules ceased to be a semi-independent panel, as it had been since 1910. Instead, it once again became an arm of the party leadership. Moreover, in 1975, the speaker was granted the authority to appoint a majority of the members of the Rules Committee. Meanwhile, the power of committee chairmen was curtailed, further increasing the relative influence of the speaker.

Albert's successor, Democrat Tip O'Neill, was a prominent speaker because of his public opposition to the policies of President Ronald Reagan. O'Neill is the longest continuously serving speaker, from 1977 through 1987. He challenged Reagan on domestic programs and on defense expenditures. Republicans made O'Neill the target of their election campaigns in 1980 and 1982 but Democrats managed to retain their majorities in both years.

The roles of the parties reversed in 1994 when, after spending forty years in the minority, the Republicans regained control of the House with the "Contract with America", an idea spearheaded by Minority Whip Newt Gingrich. Speaker Gingrich would regularly clash with Democratic President Bill Clinton, leading to the United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996, in which Clinton was largely seen to have prevailed. Gingrich's hold on the leadership was weakened significantly by that and several other controversies, and he faced a caucus revolt in 1997. After the Republicans lost House seats in 1998 (although retaining a majority) he did not stand for a third term as speaker. His successor, Dennis Hastert, had been chosen as a compromise candidate since the other Republicans in the leadership were more controversial. Hastert played a much less prominent role than other contemporary speakers, being overshadowed by House Majority Leader Tom DeLay and President George W. Bush.

21st century
The Republicans came out of the 2000 elections with a further reduced majority but made small gains in 2002 and 2004. The periods of 2001–2002 and 2003–2007 were the first times since 1953–1955 that there was single-party Republican leadership in Washington, interrupted from 2001 to 2003 as Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont left the Republican Party to become independent and caucused with Senate Democrats to give them a 51–49 majority.

In the 2006 midterm elections, the Democrats won a majority in the House. Nancy Pelosi became speaker when the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, making her the first woman to hold the office. During the 111th Congress, Pelosi was the driving force behind several of President Barack Obama's major initiatives that proved controversial, and the Republicans campaigned against the Democrats' legislation by staging a "Fire Pelosi" bus tour and regained control of the House in the 2010 midterm elections.

John Boehner was elected speaker when the 112th Congress convened on January 5, 2011, and was subsequently re-elected twice, at the start of the 113th and 114th Congresses. On both of those occasions his remaining in office was threatened by the defection of several members from his own party who chose not to vote for him. Boehner's tenure as speaker, which ended when he resigned from Congress in October 2015, was marked by multiple battles with the conservatives in his own party related to "Obamacare", appropriations, among other political issues. This intra-party discord continued under Boehner's successor, Paul Ryan.

When Republican leader John Boehner succeeded Pelosi as speaker in 2011, Pelosi remained the leader of the Democratic Party in the House of Representatives and served as House minority leader for eight years before she led her party to victory in the 2018 elections. Following the 2018 midterm elections which saw the election of a Democratic Party majority in the House, Nancy Pelosi was again elected speaker when the 116th Congress convened on January 3, 2019. In addition to being the first woman to hold the office, Pelosi became the first speaker to return to power since Sam Rayburn in the 1950s. Following the 2022 midterm elections which saw the election of a narrow Republican Party majority in the House, Pelosi did not seek a Democratic leadership post in the next Congress. The Democratic Caucus named her "Speaker Emerita".

Kevin McCarthy then became the new Speaker of the House on January 7, 2023, after the longest multi-ballot speaker election since 1859. McCarthy was eventually removed as speaker on October 3, 2023 after a further split in the Republican caucus, with five House Freedom Caucus members voting against McCarthy, which when combined with lack of support by Democrats, resulted in the ouster of McCarthy. This was the first time in the history of the House of Representatives in which the Speaker of the House was successfully removed. Following a multi-day four-ballot election, Mike Johnson was elected speaker on October 25, 2023.

Notable elections

Historically, there have been several controversial elections to the speakership, such as the contest of 1839. In that case, even though the 26th United States Congress convened on December 2, the House could not begin the speakership election until December 14 because of an election dispute in New Jersey known as the "Broad Seal War". Two rival delegations, one Whig and the other Democrat, had been certified as elected by different branches of the New Jersey government. The problem was compounded by the fact that the result of the dispute would determine whether the Whigs or the Democrats held the majority. Neither party agreed to permit a speakership election with the opposite party's delegation participating. Finally, it was agreed to exclude both delegations from the election and a speaker was finally chosen on December 17.

Another, more prolonged fight occurred in 1855 in the 34th United States Congress. The old Whig Party had collapsed but no single party had emerged to replace it. Candidates opposing the Democrats had run under a bewildering variety of labels, including Whig, Republican, American (Know Nothing), and simply "Opposition". By the time Congress actually met in December 1855, most of the northerners were concentrated together as Republicans, while most of the southerners and a few northerners used the American or Know Nothing label. Opponents of the Democrats held a majority in House, with the party makeup of the 234 representatives being 83 Democrats, 108 Republicans, and 43 Know Nothings (primarily southern oppositionists). The Democratic minority nominated William Alexander Richardson of Illinois as speaker, but because of sectional distrust, the various oppositionists were unable to agree on a single candidate for speaker. The Republicans supported Nathaniel Prentice Banks of Massachusetts, who had been elected as a Know Nothing but was now largely identified with the Republicans. The southern Know Nothings supported first Humphrey Marshall of Kentucky, and then Henry M. Fuller of Pennsylvania. The voting went on for almost two months with no candidate able to secure a majority, until it was finally agreed to elect the speaker by plurality vote, and Banks was elected.

The House found itself in a similar dilemma when the 36th Congress met in December 1859. Although the Republicans held a plurality, the Republican candidate, John Sherman, was unacceptable to southern oppositionists due to his anti-slavery views, and once again the House was unable to elect a speaker. After Democrats allied with southern oppositionists to nearly elect the North Carolina oppositionist William N. H. Smith, Sherman finally withdrew in favor of compromise candidate William Pennington of New Jersey, a former Whig of unclear partisan loyalties, who was finally elected speaker on February 1, 1860.

In December 1923, at the start of the 68th Congress, Republican Frederick H. Gillett needed nine ballots to win reelection. Progressive Republicans had refused to support Gillett in the first eight ballots. Only after winning concessions from Republican conference leaders (a seat on the House Rules Committee and a pledge that requested House rules changes would be considered) did they agree to support him.

In 1997, several Republican congressional leaders tried to force Speaker Newt Gingrich to resign. However, Gingrich refused since that would have required a new election for speaker, which could have led to Democrats along with dissenting Republicans voting for Democrat Dick Gephardt (then minority leader) as speaker. After the 1998 midterm elections where the Republicans lost seats, Gingrich did not stand for re-election. The next two figures in the House Republican leadership hierarchy, Majority Leader Richard Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay chose not to run for the office. The chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, Bob Livingston, declared his bid for the speakership, which was unopposed, making him speaker-designate. It was then revealed, by Livingston himself, who had been publicly critical of President Bill Clinton's alleged perjury during his sexual harassment trial, that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. He opted to resign from the House, despite being urged to stay on by House Democratic leader Gephardt. Subsequently, the chief deputy whip Dennis Hastert was selected as speaker. The Republicans retained their majorities in the 2000, 2002, and 2004 elections.

The Democrats won a majority of seats in the 2006 midterm elections. On November 16, 2006, Nancy Pelosi, who was then minority leader, was selected as speaker-designate by House Democrats. When the 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007, she was elected as the 52nd speaker by a vote of 233–202, becoming the first woman elected speaker of the House. Pelosi remained speaker through the 111th Congress, and served again during the 116th and 117th Congresses.

The January 2023 speakership election occurred two months after the 2022 House elections in which the Republicans won a slim four-seat majority. Due to a division within the House Republican Conference, no one received a majority of the votes on the first ballot, necessitating an additional round of balloting for the first time since 1923. Kevin McCarthy ultimately prevailed when the remaining six anti-McCarthy holdouts voted "present" on the 15th ballot, ending the longest multiple-ballot speaker election since before the Civil War. He was removed from office several months later, leading to multiple rounds of voting across multiple weeks to replace him, ultimately leading to the election of Representative Mike Johnson. This came after two weeks of negotiations between Republicans, including three failed votes for Speaker.

Multi-ballot elections
In total, there have been 16 elections requiring multiple ballots to elect a speaker, including 13 before the Civil War, one in 1923, and two in 2023.

Partisan role
The Constitution does not spell out the political role of the speaker. As the office has developed historically, however, it has taken on a clearly partisan cast, very different from the speakership of most Westminster-style legislatures, such as the speaker of the United Kingdom's House of Commons, which is meant to be scrupulously non-partisan. The speaker in the United States, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives, outranking the majority leader. However, despite having the right to vote, the speaker usually does not participate in debate and only votes on the most significant bills.

The speaker is responsible for ensuring that the House passes legislation supported by the majority party. In pursuing this goal, the speaker may use their power to determine when each bill reaches the floor. They also chair the majority party's steering committee in the House. While the speaker is the functioning head of the House majority party, the same is not true of the president pro tempore of the Senate, whose office is primarily ceremonial and honorary.

When the speaker and the president belong to the same party, the speaker tends to play the role in a more ceremonial light, as seen when Dennis Hastert played a very restrained role during the presidency of fellow Republican George W. Bush. Nevertheless, when the speaker and the president belong to the same party, there are also times that the speaker plays a much larger role, and the speaker is tasked, e.g., with pushing through the agenda of the majority party, often at the expense of the minority opposition. This can be seen, most of all, in the speakership of Democratic-Republican Henry Clay, who personally ensured the presidential victory of fellow Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams. Democrat Sam Rayburn was a key player in the passing of New Deal legislation under the presidency of fellow Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Republican Joseph Gurney Cannon (under Theodore Roosevelt) was particularly infamous for his marginalization of the minority Democrats and centralizing of authority to the speakership. In more recent times, Speaker Nancy Pelosi played a role in continuing the push for health care reform during the presidency of fellow Democrat Barack Obama and in pushing for increases in infrastructure and climate spending during the presidency of Democrat Joe Biden.

On the other hand, when the speaker and the president belong to opposite parties, the public role and influence of the speaker tend to increase. As the highest-ranking member of the opposition party (and de facto leader of the opposition), the speaker is normally the chief public opponent of the president's agenda. In this scenario, the speaker is known for undercutting the president's agenda by blocking measures by the minority party or rejecting bills by the Senate. One famous instance came in the form of Thomas Brackett Reed (under Grover Cleveland), a speaker notorious for his successful attempt to force the Democrats to vote on measures where the Republicans had clear majorities, which ensured that Cleveland's Democrats were in no position to challenge the Republicans in the House. Joseph Cannon was particularly unique in that he led the conservative "Old Guard" wing of the Republican Party, while his president—Theodore Roosevelt—was of the more progressive clique, and more than just marginalizing the Democrats, Cannon used his power to punish the dissidents in his party and obstruct the progressive wing of the Republican Party.

More modern examples include Tip O'Neill, who was a vocal opponent of President Ronald Reagan's economic and defense policies; Newt Gingrich, who fought a bitter battle with President Bill Clinton for control of domestic policy; Nancy Pelosi, who argued with President George W. Bush over the Iraq War; John Boehner, who clashed with President Barack Obama over budget issues and health care; and once again, Nancy Pelosi, who refused to support President Donald Trump over funding for a border wall.

Presiding officer

As presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the speaker holds a variety of powers over the House and is ceremonially the highest-ranking legislative official in the U.S. government. The speaker may delegate their powers to a member of the House to act as speaker pro tempore and to preside over the House in the speaker's absence; when this has occurred the delegation has always been to a member of the same party. During important debates, the speaker pro tempore is ordinarily a senior member of the majority party who may be chosen for his or her skill in presiding. At other times, more junior members may be assigned to preside to give them experience with the rules and procedures of the House. The speaker may also designate, with approval of the House, a speaker pro tempore for special purposes, such as designating a representative whose district is near Washington, D.C. to sign enrolled bills during long recesses.

Under the rules of the House, the speaker, "as soon as practicable after the election of the speaker and whenever appropriate thereafter", must deliver to the clerk of the House a list of members who are designated to act as speaker in the case of a vacancy or physical inability of the speaker to perform their duties.

On the floor of the House, the presiding officer is always addressed as "Mister Speaker" or "Madam Speaker", even if that person is serving as speaker pro tempore. When the House resolves itself into a Committee of the Whole, the speaker designates a member to preside over the committee, who is addressed as "Mister Chairman" or "Madam Chairwoman". To speak, members must seek the presiding officer's recognition. The presiding officer also rules on all points of order but such rulings may be appealed to the whole House. The speaker is responsible for maintaining decorum in the House and may order the Sergeant-at-Arms to enforce House rules.

The speaker's powers and duties extend beyond presiding in the chamber. In particular, the speaker has great influence over the committee process. The speaker selects nine of the thirteen members of the powerful Committee on Rules, subject to the approval of the entire majority party. The leadership of the minority party chooses the remaining four members. Furthermore, the speaker appoints all members of select committees and conference committees. Moreover, when a bill is introduced, the speaker determines which committee will consider it.

As a member of the House, the speaker is entitled to participate in debate and to vote. Ordinarily, the speaker votes only when the speaker's vote would be decisive or on matters of great importance, such as constitutional amendments or major legislation. Under the early rules of the House, the speaker was generally barred from voting, but today the speaker has the same right as other members to vote but only occasionally exercises it. The speaker may vote on any matter that comes before the House, and they are required to vote where their vote would be decisive or where the House is engaged in voting by ballot.

Other functions

In addition to being the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives and representing their congressional district, the speaker also performs various other administrative and procedural functions, such as:
 Oversees the officers of the House: the clerk, the sergeant-at-arms, the chief administrative officer, and the chaplain;
 Serves as the chairperson of the House Office Building Commission;
 Appoints the House's parliamentarian, historian, general counsel, and inspector general;
 Administers the House audio and video broadcasting system;
In consultation with the minority leader, can devise a system of drug testing in the House. This option has never been exercised;
 Receives reports or other communications from the president, government agencies, boards, and commissions; and
 Receives, along with the president pro tempore of the Senate, written declarations that a U.S. president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, or is able to resume them, under Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment.

Additionally, the speaker is second in the presidential line of succession under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, immediately after the vice president and before the president pro tempore of the Senate (who is followed by members of the president's Cabinet). Thus, if both the presidency and vice-presidency were vacant simultaneously, then the speaker would become acting president, after resigning from the House and as speaker.

Ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, with its mechanism for filling an intra-term vice-presidential vacancy, has made calling on the speaker, president pro tempore, or a cabinet member to serve as acting president unlikely to happen, except in the aftermath of a catastrophic event. However, only a few years after it went into effect, in 1973, at the height of Watergate, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned. With Agnew's unexpected departure and the state of Richard Nixon's presidency, Speaker Carl Albert was suddenly first in line to become acting president. The vacancy continued until Gerald Ford was sworn in as vice president. Albert was also next in line from the time Ford assumed the presidency following Nixon's resignation from office in 1974, until Ford's choice to succeed him as vice president, Nelson Rockefeller, was confirmed by Congress.

See also

 Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives
 Party leaders of the United States Senate

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Garraty, John, ed. American National Biography (1999) 20 volumes; contains scholarly biographies of all speakers no longer alive.
 Green, Matthew N. The Speaker of the House: A Study of Leadership (Yale University Press; 2010) 292 pages; Examines partisan pressures and other factors that shaped the leadership of the speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives; focuses on the period since 1940.
 Grossman, Mark. Speakers of the House of Representatives (Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing, 2009). The comprehensive work on the subject, covering, in depth, the lives of the speakers from Frederick Muhlenberg to Nancy Pelosi.

 Remini, Robert V. The House: the History of the House of Representatives (Smithsonian Books, 2006). The standard scholarly history.
 Rohde, David W. Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House (1991).

 Smock, Raymond W., and Susan W. Hammond, eds. Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries (1998). Short biographies of key leaders.
 Zelizer. Julian E. ed. The American Congress: The Building of Democracy (2004). A comprehensive history by 40 scholars.

External links

 "Capitol Questions." C-SPAN (2003). Notable elections and role.
 The Cannon Centenary Conference: The Changing Nature of the Speakership. (2003). House Document 108–204. History, nature and role of the speakership.
 Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Congress, 5th ed. (2000). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.
 Wilson, Woodrow. (1885). Congressional Government. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

1789 establishments in the United States
Speakership of the United States House of Representatives

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives


David Penberthy (born 1969, Adelaide, South Australia) is the former editor-in-chief of News Limited news site news.com.au and the former opinion website, The Punch. He was editor of The Daily Telegraph in Sydney, Australia, from April 2005 until November 2008.

Early life and education
Penberthy studied a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Adelaide in the late 1980s. Initially, he had enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, but he left legal studies to enter journalism.

Career
He was the 1990 co-editor of On Dit, the newspaper of the University's Student Association and was also President of CISCAC, the Committee in Solidarity with Central America and the Caribbean, a Marxist political club. In addition he was the energetic frontman for punk band Cerveza y Putas (Beer and Whores), which played originals and cover songs from such bands as the Pixies, Minor Threat, The Lemonheads, The Smiths and Hüsker Dü in Spanish, a language Penberthy acquired while living in Mexico in the late 1980s.

Penberthy started his career as an industrial relations reporter and then political reporter for the Adelaide-based The Advertiser, hired by then editor Peter Blunden.

In 1999 Penberthy switched to work at the Sydney-based Daily Telegraph, another newspaper in the News Limited stable. Three years into his tenure at the Telegraph he was appointed chief of staff. Later he became an opinion editor and roving columnist for the newspaper. One of Penberthy's more famous moments as a reporter with the Daily Telegraph came with his "Five Star Asylum" piece, an article headlined "The truth about how inmates are treated inside Australia's detention centres."

In 2005 Penberthy was appointed editor of the Daily Telegraph. As editor, Penberthy came under intense pressure over the publication of stories focusing on then NSW Liberal Party leader John Brogden, who was accused of making inappropriate comments to the journalist Justine Ferrari while drunk. The Daily Telegraph said there was evidence of more serious issues concerning Brogden, who later apparently tried to commit suicide.

Penberthy resigned as editor of the Daily Telegraph in November 2008 during the newspaper's campaign for the New South Wales state government to "sack itself".

In October 2010, Penberthy was appointed the editor-in-chief of News Limited's online news site news.com.au as well as opinion website The Punch.

Penberthy is currently (2017) the co-host of the Breakfast Show (6am–9am) on Adelaide talkback radio station FIVEaa alongside Will Goodings. He is also a columnist for The Australian, The Advertiser, and the Sunday Mail.

Personal life
In October 2010 it was reported that Penberthy had recently separated from his wife and he was romantically linked to federal MP Kate Ellis. A relationship between the two was confirmed by news reports in January 2011. They confirmed their engagement in November 2012, and were married on 23 February 2013. They had a son in April 2015. Their second son was born in July 2017.

References

1969 births
University of Adelaide alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian newspaper editors
Online journalists
Journalists from South Australia
Australian columnists
The Australian journalists

David Penberthy


Nedlands Rugby Union Football Club, often referred to as Neddies, is a rugby union club based in Nedlands, Western Australia, with several teams competing in the local RugbyWA competitions including the RugbyWA Fortescue Premier Grade.

The club trains and plays its home games at Charles Court Reserve located on the banks of the Swan River in Nedlands. The club has a large function centre and licensed bar facility which overlooks the rugby grounds.

History
Established in 1934, Nedlands RUFC represents an area not much older than the club itself. In 1931, the Claremont Roads Board split and formed the Nedlands Road Board, later becoming Nedlands Municipal Council and then City of Nedlands. Land in the area had initially been settled in the 1850s by Captain John Bruce, and he bequeathed the land to his son Edward – hence the area became known as Ned's Land, later morphing into Nedlands. The Club's emblem – the rampant lion, is thought to have derived from the badge of the Bruce family.

Nedlands RUFC was formed at a meeting in Alec E Davies' tearooms on the corner of Broadway and The Esplanade called by Cliff Stark, at 7.45pm on 5th April 1934. In that first season, the Club fielded just one team with players wearing a black jumper with a large gold N on the chest. The jumper was changed to blue and gold in 1962 to conform with the colours of the original Claremont Road Board.

The Club initially played on a ground made up from four vacant blocks on Aberdare Rd. After nearly 20 years of temporary fields, Neddies was finally granted a permanent home on the Nedlands Foreshore in 1951, after using it unofficially since 1946. The Foreshore had been reclaimed from the Swan River before and after World War 1, and in the 1930s was a highly popular camping and holiday ground. But as West Australians became more mobile after WW2, the demand for its use fell away and it became a sports ground. Initially, the park was shared between the Nedlands and Associates clubs, but Associates moved to a ground of their own in the 1980s.

Success came early for Nedlands. After finding its feet in the 1934 season, the Club won the 1935 B Grade grand-final, a wonderful achievement. This success caused an upshot in player numbers with membership rising from 24 in 1935 to 55 in 1936. Now with teams in both the B and C grade, the Club pushed for promotion to A grade. This was finally granted in 1939, and the following year, Nedlands proved that they were now a force in WA rugby by winning the 1940 A Grade grand final. This team included some of the great names in our Club history with Cliff Stark, Bob McMillan, Laurie Simmonds. John Poor and Joe Poynton all featuring in the Club's records in the years to come. It's interesting to note that captain Laurie Simmonds' son Ken featured in the Club's third A Grade premiership team thirty years later in 1970. Today, 80 years after their great grandfather led Neddies, another generation of Simmonds are turning out for the juniors, proudly wearing the blue and gold.

World War 2 and its aftermath brought hard times to Nedlands, compounded by a breakaway group who went to rugby league in the early 1950s. While some of these players returned to the fold, and the Club won a famous A Grade premiership in 1957, this was a difficult period for Nedlands. For a time, we were only kept alive by the determination and great work of men like Joe Poynton, Jim Stitfall and Jim Macauley. Charlie Duncan and his wife Jess were also key in holding the Club together, with Jess serving as both Club Secretary and Colts coach for a number of years.

1960-1999
The Club's fortunes began to change in 1963, with the arrival of Peter Bailey. Bailey, known as the father of the modern Nedlands club came to Perth for the Commonwealth Games in 1962 and fell in love with the city and with Nedlands. He introduced a "kiwi connection" to the Club and in the ensuing years served in a wide range of roles from player to coach to President, in the process building the foundations of the powerhouse that Nedlands has become. Many of the people who were to contribute to and lead the Club in the next 40 years were nurtured by Bailey, including Steve Takiari, Terry Bradbury, Peter Shaw, Dave Walsh and Chris Lowson, together with great clubmen Rex Julian and Garry Ash who started the Thursday night dinners from the then tiny kitchen. Players such as Englishmen Dave Brock and Dave Rosewall, and Kiwi imports John Walker, Tim Lowson, Bradbury, Rob McKenzie, Peter Rowan, Graeme Holmes, Phil Hobbs and many others made huge on-field contributions to Nedlands through this period.

The 80s and 90s, along with the holding of the Americas Cup yacht races in Perth saw another influx of strong players to Nedlands, and our supporters grew used to seeing top quality players such as All Black Paul Koteka, representative level players Peter Chadwick, Peter Roberts, Gavin Bermingham, Reg Walters, Nudge Edwards, Mike Ryburn, Glen Thompson, John O'Callaghan and Tom Fearn wearing the royal blue and gold. With excellent coaches like Viv Booker, Wayne Hill, Dave McKnight and Fearn guiding them, these men were successful in what was arguably the best quality A Grade competition ever known in Perth – in today's world they would be highly paid professionals plying their trade in Europe. When the WA State team went on tour, there were so many members from Nedlands that paying their tour levy to WARU placed severe financial strain on the Club. The Club's honours boards attest to the huge number of Nedlands players who have represented their state, and even their country. During the 90s a powerful Neddies Women's team swept all before it, and the Club, in particular great stalwarts Sue Roberts and Freda Black, is keen to resurrect that team. The key administrator to emerge from these times was long standing patron Richard Vaughan who has contributed to the Club in a myriad of ways.

In the last 30 plus years, Nedlands has seen a shift of emphasis from relying on imported players to developing home grown ones. Over the years the Junior Club has gone from strength to strength and we have poured resources into developing skilled and successful colts teams which have brought home numerous premierships. Many members of these colts teams have gone on to play hundreds of games for the Club, with the leader in this regard being great rugby man George Forster-Jones who turned out in the blue and gold an incredible 500 times – and then went on to a successful refereeing career! Other "ex-colts" to feature in over 200 games for Neddies include Michael Botes, Matt Caporn, Damian Pacecca, Tim Badham, Mike Weir and Matt Suter, with 'youngsters' Jamie Hawgood, David Bailey and Kauri Cudd all heading towards that mark.

21st Century
The 21st Century has seen another group of people represent and contribute to Nedlands. Tony and Rod Ball - sons of Life Member Kevin and themselves Life Members, and Terry Bradbury's son Steve have been key members, along with Wendy Hickman Lisa Vaughan, Craig Holdcroft and outstanding leaders Murray McLean, Hans Sauer and Peter Malcolm. In 2009 the Club celebrated its 75th Anniversary and this was marked by the publication of a magnificent book "Neddies – The First Seventy Five Years" written by Life Member Mark Drummond and including an earlier version "The Golden Lion" by Bob Messenger which had been written to celebrate Nedlands' 50th Anniversary. In 2013 the Club changed its administration model from the traditional committee to a Board of Management, while past president and long-term sponsor Rick Wolozny guided the formation of a Board of Trustees to oversee the Club's finances and ensure that financial resources are put away for future projects. On the field Nathan Roberts has played more than 200 games for Neddies, while Richie Naylor, Brad Wilkinson, Joe (Peanut) Ritchie, Alvin (Stardust) Lau, Trefor Thomas, Chris Naylor and  Dylan Loversidge have all made massive contributions. In 2017, the Club was proud to have three members of our 1st grade team – Michael Ruru, Anaru Rangi and Jermaine Ainsley offered contracts with the Western Force. After the demise of the Force, all three players have gone on to successful professional careers around the world.

Nedlands members haven't just contributed to their club however. Many Neddies administrators, including Sauer, Takiari, Lowson and Josh Aislabie have gone on to serve on the board of Rugby WA and in other capacities, with Bradbury and Bailey being awarded Life Membership of that organisation for their great service.

Coaches
Nedlands' head coach for 2023 in Premier Grade is Sam Rarasea, a former Nedlands Premier Grade player. Assisting him is Tony Ball as reserve grade head coach.

Honours

 Premier Grade (18)
 1940, 1957, 1970, 1973, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2013, 2015

Notable members
Nedlands players to have gained international caps include:
Jermaine Ainsley – Wallabies (2018)
Callum Sauer – Germany (2011-2012)
Pek Cowan – Wallabies (2009-2010)
Robert Boulle – Mauritius (2009, 2011)
Julien Le Blanc – Mauritius (2009, 2011)
Olivier Baissac – Mauritius (2010-2011)
Simon Harel – Mauritius (2011)
John De Commarmond – Mauritius (2011)
Adrian Bourgault – Mauritius (2011)
Francois Audibert – Mauritius (2009-2010)
Nicky Tyrone Little – Fiji (1996-2011)
Tohoa Tauroa (Paul) Koteka – All Blacks (1981-1982)
Geoff Valli – All Blacks (1980)
Murray Watts – All Blacks (1979-1980)
Spencer Brown – Wallabies (1952-1953)

See also
 RugbyWA
 City of Nedlands

References

External links
Nedlands Rugby official website

Rugby union teams in Western Australia
Rugby clubs established in 1934
1934 establishments in Australia
Nedlands, Western Australia

Nedlands Rugby Union Football Club


The European Games is a continental multi-sport event which includes athletes from European nations and several near Europe countries. The European Games were created by the European Olympic Committees (EOC). The first Games took place in 2015 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The second in Minsk, Belarus in 2019.

The 2019 Minsk European Games Sports Programme had 15 kinds of sport.

Sports competitions
Sport in Europe
Multi-sport events

European Games


Cindy Callaghan (born c. 1976) is an American author of children's books who has written several middle-grade novels. Her first book, Just Add Magic, was adapted into an Amazon television series by the same name.

Early life
Callaghan grew up in Oakland and Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. While living in Oakland, she attended Heights Elementary School before her family moved to Franklin Lakes. Callaghan transferred to Colonial Road School, and later attended Franklin Avenue Middle School and Indian Hills High School, where she graduated in 1988. After high school, she attended the University of Southern California to study film. She later went to the University of Delaware where she graduated with a bachelor's in English and French in 1992. She went on to earn her Master of Business Administration degree from Delaware in 1996.

Career
Callaghan worked in the pharmaceutical industry for nearly 20 years. She lives in Wilmington, Delaware which also serves as the setting of some of her books. She began writing her first book, Just Add Magic, in 2003. The book tells the story of the 12-year-old main character Kelly Quinn and her two friends who find an old book containing magical recipes. In 2010, Just Add Magic was published by Simon & Schuster's Aladdin Mix. Callaghan also wrote a second book Sydney MacKenzie Knocks 'Em Dead, which initially did not get picked up for publication.

In October 2013, Simon & Schuster published another book by Callaghan entitled Lost in London. The book is a mystery about a girl named Jordan who embarks on an adventure in London. In 2014, Callaghan followed that with another book set in Europe; Lucky Me, republished in 2016 as Lost in Ireland, is about a teenage girl who travels to Ireland in the hopes of breaking a string of bad luck caused by a chain letter. Callaghan published three more "Lost In" books: Lost in Paris in March 2015, Lost in Rome in August 2015, and Lost in Hollywood in 2016.

In January 2015, Amazon Prime Video released a pilot episode of Just Add Magic to determine if a full series based on the book would be produced. As of 2014, Callaghan served as a consultant on the show, writing outlines and giving guidance to the producers. The series was picked up for a full season set to air in 2016. In June 2016, Amazon extended the television series for a second season. The second half of Season 2 of the series was released in January 2018.

In 2017, Callaghan's Sydney MacKenzie Knocks 'Em Dead won the Agatha Award for Best Children's/Young Adult.

In 2018, Cindy's Potion Problems (Just Add Magic) won the Agatha Award for Best Children's/Young Adult Mystery.

In 2020, Callaghan will be releasing a new book titled Saltwater Secrets.

Callaghan lives in Wilmington, Delaware which also serves as the setting of some of her books.

Bibliography

Just Add Magic
Just Add Magic (2010)
Just Add Magic 2: Potion Problems (2018)

Lost In...
Lost in London (2013)
Lost in Ireland, previously titled Lucky Me (2014)
Lost in Paris (2015)
Lost in Rome (2015)
Lost in Hollywood (2016)

Standalone
Sydney MacKenzie Knocks 'Em Dead (2017) – 2017 Agatha Award Winner

References

External links

Living people
1970s births

Year of birth uncertain
Place of birth missing (living people)

People from Franklin Lakes, New Jersey

People from Oakland, New Jersey
American women children's writers
American children's writers
Writers from Wilmington, Delaware
Novelists from Delaware
University of Southern California alumni
University of Delaware alumni
21st-century American women

Cindy Callaghan


Johnny David Damon (born November 5, 1973) is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1995 to 2012. During his MLB career, Damon played for the Kansas City Royals (1995–2000), Oakland Athletics (2001), Boston Red Sox (2002–2005), New York Yankees (2006–2009), Detroit Tigers (2010), Tampa Bay Rays (2011) and Cleveland Indians (2012). He also played for the Thailand national baseball team and was a member of the squad for the 2013 World Baseball Classic qualifiers.

Early years
Damon was born in Fort Riley, a U.S. Army post in Kansas. His mother, Yome, is a Thai immigrant to the United States and his father, Jimmy, is an American of Croatian and Irish descent. They met while his father, a staff sergeant in the United States Army, was stationed in Thailand. Damon spent much of his infancy as an "Army brat," moving to several posts including Okinawa, Japan and West Germany before his father was discharged from the Army. The Damon family settled in the Orlando, Florida,  area while Johnny was a pre-schooler.

Damon was a quiet child, largely on account of a stutter. "My thoughts just raced ahead of my tongue," Damon said of his problem. "I'd sing songs as therapy, and I got better, but I still just kept quiet most of the time." He played in South Orange Little League as a child. He played for the Walker Jr. High baseball team before attending Dr. Phillips High School in Orlando where, during his senior year in 1992, he was rated the top high school prospect in the country by Baseball America, was named to USA Today's High School All-America team and was the Florida Gatorade Player of the Year. Damon also ran track at Dr. Phillips where his senior year he was runner up in the 200m dash. Damon also played football in high school, once getting hit by Warren Sapp and sustaining the first concussion in his life.

Playing career

Kansas City Royals (1995–2000)
Damon was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the first round (35th overall) of the 1992 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut on August 12, 1995 after playing the previous season with the minor league Wichita Wranglers. He played for the Royals from 1995 to 2000. He scored 104 runs in 1998 and 101 runs in 1999. One of his best seasons came in 2000 when he led the American League in runs with 136 and stolen bases with 46, as he was second in hits (214), at bats (655), and plate appearances (741).

Oakland Athletics (2001)
Damon spent 2001 with the Oakland Athletics. In a three-way trade involving the A's, Royals, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays, the A's received Damon along with pitcher Cory Lidle from the Devil Rays and second baseman Mark Ellis from the Royals.  He was third in the league in at bats (644) and seventh in runs (108).

Boston Red Sox (2002–2005)

On December 21, 2001, Damon signed a four-year, $31 million contract with the Boston Red Sox.

In 2002, he led the league in triples (11) and was third in infield hits (25), becoming the first player selected by the fans in the inaugural American League All-Star Final Vote.

On June 27, 2003, Damon became only the second player in MLB history since 1900 to record three base hits in an inning, when he did so against the Florida Marlins. During Game 5 of the 2003 American League Division Series, Damon collided head-on with teammate Damian Jackson while both players were attempting to chase down a pop fly. Damon suffered a severe concussion and had to be removed from the field on a stretcher. Jackson was also concussed, but was able to walk off the field with assistance.

In 2004, Damon was second in the league in runs (123) and began to re-establish himself among the premier lead-off hitters and center fielders in the game. In arguably his best season in the Major Leagues, Damon batted .304 with 20 home runs and 94 RBIs and showed improved patience at the plate. According to his autobiography, he was only the fourth leadoff batter in the history of Major League Baseball to drive in more than 90 runs in a season. Damon batted a torrid 7-for-15 during that year's Division Series against the Angels but struggled in the ALCS against the Yankees, going only 3-for-29 from the plate through the first six games. In Game 7, Damon hit two home runs, one of which was a grand slam, to lead the Red Sox to the pennant. In the World Series, he also hit a home run as the Red Sox won the series against the St. Louis Cardinals in a four-game sweep. This was the first Red Sox World Series championship since 1918, effectively terminating the Boston Red Sox's 86-year "Curse of the Bambino" World Series drought.

Through his four-year career with the Red Sox (2002–2005), Damon appeared in 597 games (590 in center field and seven as a designated hitter) and hit 56 home runs. Of his 2,476 at bats, 2,259 were as leadoff hitter.  Damon batted second in the lineup for 156 at-bats in 2002, accounting for nearly all of the rest except for occasional pinch hit.  He started two games as the third hitter in 2004, and in 2005, he had 624 at-bats, and all but three as the lead-off hitter. He also earned his second All-Star selection, starting as the American League's center fielder. He led the AL with 35 infield hits, and matched the 35 doubles he had hit in 2004.

New York Yankees (2006–2009)
On December 20, 2005, Damon signed a four-year, $52 million contract with the New York Yankees. The Red Sox stood firm on a three-year contract and chose not to negotiate against a five-year deal proposed by agent Scott Boras.

Damon's signing with the Yankees led to his being subsequently vilified by many Red Sox fans because of his previously professed loyalty to the city and Red Sox organization, including his now infamous statement in May 2005, where he claimed, "There's no way I can go play for the Yankees, but I know they're going to come after me hard. It's definitely not the most important thing to go out there for the top dollar, which the Yankees are going to offer me. It's not what I need."

As the Yankees have a strict dress code for players forbidding both long hair and facial hair beyond neat mustaches, Damon had his shoulder-length "cave man" hair cut and beard shaved on December 22. Damon, who had a clean-cut appearance until his third season with the Red Sox, had been planning on cutting his hair and shaving his beard off even if he didn't sign with the Yankees, but waited until after he signed with them in order to prevent speculation.

The following season, in a pivotal five game series in August between the Yankees and Red Sox at Fenway Park, Damon went 3-for-6 in each of the first three games, including a doubleheader on August 18, and a game on August 19. Damon hit two home runs, drove in eight runs, and scored eight runs in the first three games as the Yankees won by a combined score of 39–20 and dealt a severe blow to the Red Sox 2006 play-off aspirations.

In 2006, Damon finished third in runs (115) and ninth in stolen bases (25) in the AL, while hitting 24 home runs, his career high. He also tied his mark of 35 doubles from the previous two seasons. He was only one of 4 players in the major leagues to hit at least 24 home runs and steal at least 24 bases.

On June 7, 2008, Damon went 6-for-6 in the Yankees 12–11 win over the Kansas City Royals, including a walk-off ground-rule double, which had bounced over the wall. He is the first Yankee to have six hits in a 9 inning game since Myril Hoag accomplished the feat in 1934. Damon said in a post-game on-field interview that this was his first walk-off as a Yankee.

The Yankees placed Damon on the 15-day disabled list for the first time in his MLB career on July 6, 2008 with a bruised AC joint in his left shoulder. The injury occurred a day earlier when Damon collided with the outfield wall in an attempt to catch a triple. At that time, Damon was one of only three active major league ballplayers who had played at least 10 years in the majors without going on the disabled list. He returned to active duty, and hit 27 doubles for the season. Damon hit 53 home runs in his three complete seasons with the Yankees.

On July 27, 2009, Damon hit his 200th career home run against the Tampa Bay Rays' Brian Shouse.  For the 2009 season, he batted .282 and tied for the lead among AL left fielders in errors (with 5), while he was fourth in the league in runs scored (107).

Damon hit a home run in Games 3 and 4 of the 2009 ALCS, defeating the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in six games. When the Yankees went on to play the Philadelphia Phillies in the 2009 World Series, Damon got credit for stealing two bases in one play when the Phillies defense was shifted against batter Mark Teixeira. Damon got his second championship ring as the Yankees would eventually defeat the Phillies in six games.

Damon, after winning his second World Series, entered free agency after the 2009 season despite expressing his desire to return to the Yankees. He insisted that the Yankees not even make him an offer, however, unless they pay him at least the $13 million he earned for the past four years.  As a result of his contract demands, the Yankees signed 1B/DH Nick Johnson to a one-year/5.5MM deal, despite Damon lowering his salary demands at the last minute. The Yankees then signed outfielder Randy Winn to a one-year $2 million deal which essentially closed the door on Damon's return to the Bronx.

Detroit Tigers (2010)

On February 20, 2010, Damon agreed to a one-year, $8 million deal with the Detroit Tigers. On April 14, 2010, he recorded his 1,000th career RBI against the Kansas City Royals. On May 1, he hit a walk-off home run against Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim pitcher Scot Shields at Comerica Park to win the game 3–2. On July 6, Damon recorded his 2,500th career hit off Jake Arrieta of the Baltimore Orioles, and hit a walk-off home run off David Hernandez, giving the Tigers a 7–5 win.  For the season, he batted .271 with eight home runs and 51 RBI. He became a free agent at the end of the season.

Tampa Bay Rays (2011)

On January 21, 2011, Damon agreed to a one-year, $5.25 million deal with the Tampa Bay Rays.  The Rays also signed his former Boston Red Sox teammate Manny Ramirez in a package deal suggested by agent Scott Boras. Also reunited with Damon was former Red Sox player Kelly Shoppach.

Manager Joe Maddon said he expected the 37-year-old Damon to often be replaced by Sam Fuld during the season late in games that the Rays are leading. After Ramirez's abrupt retirement, this would be moot as Damon primarily would play as the designated hitter.

On April 16, 2011, Damon had the game-winning hit for the fifth consecutive game for the Rays, two of which were walk-off hits. On June 29, 2011, Damon tied Ted Williams for 71st on the all-time hit list with 2,654 hits. The hit came at Tropicana Field in the bottom of the sixth inning. On July 2, 2011, Damon went 4-for-4 and his first-inning single moved him past Ted Williams on the all-time hit list. He would finish the season 57th all-time with 2,723 career hits.

In Game 1 of the ALDS, Damon hit a two-run home run in the second inning off Texas Rangers starting pitcher C. J. Wilson to give his team an early 2–0 lead. The Rays won the game 9–0, however they eventually lost the best-of-five divisional series 3–1.

Cleveland Indians (2012)
On April 12, 2012, Damon signed a one-year minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians for $1.25 million (and an additional $1.4 million in incentives). On May 1, Damon was called up to Cleveland. He made his debut on May 2, batting leadoff against the Chicago White Sox. He finished the game 0–3 with a walk. Indians manager Manny Acta dropped Damon to seventh in the batting lineup after going 4–29 in the leadoff position, including 2 hits in his last 18 at-bats. On June 26, in a game against the Yankees, Damon became the 52nd player in MLB history to amass 2,750 career hits. Heading into the All-Star break, Damon had 35 hits in 163 official at-bats and was hitting .215 in 50 games. On July 20, Damon tied a season-high with three hits versus the Baltimore Orioles.

Damon was designated for assignment on August 3, 2012. He was released by the Indians, along with pitchers Derek Lowe and Jeremy Accardo, on August 9.

Damon finished his career with 2,769 hits, placing him 54th on the MLB all-time career hits leaders.

His first year of eligibility for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum came in 2018 where he joined a notable group of first-time candidates, including Chipper Jones, Jim Thome and Omar Vizquel. Damon only received eight votes (1.9% of the voting ballot) and was thus dropped from future consideration.

Free agency (2013–2015)
Damon hoped to be signed for 2013, and offered the Yankees the opportunity to sign him to a contract for the league's minimum salary as a replacement for the injured Curtis Granderson, also expressing a willingness to be released once Granderson returned.  The Yankees indicated that they were not interested in signing Damon.  Damon remained unsigned for all of 2013, and did not play.

In late 2013 and early 2014, Damon indicated a desire to keep playing, in part to have the opportunity to attain 3,000 hits (he needed 231 to reach that goal).  He told members of the media that he has stayed in good physical condition and hoped to receive invitations to spring training.

Damon did not receive any offers prior to the start of the 2014 season.  In a May 2014 interview while in Boston to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Red Sox 2004 World Series championship, Damon indicated that he has no plans to officially announce his retirement, even though he acknowledged that he will likely not play in the major leagues again.  He also stated that he still wants to play, has continued to stay in good physical condition, and could play if given the opportunity, saying "I feel like if a team calls me, I can be ready. If I play tonight, I'll hit a homer." On June 22, 2014, he played in his first New York Yankees Old-Timers' Day.

A July 2014 press report indicated that Damon still hoped to play again in the major leagues.  According to the story, in June Damon completed an impromptu session with a batting practice pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, who was impressed enough to suggest that the Phillies should consider signing him.

On August 4, 2014, Damon gave an interview with the WEEI-FM radio show "Middays with MFB" and indicated that while he wants to still play, no teams have expressed an interest, and "those days are over".

According to press accounts in December 2014, Damon hoped to play in 2015, and his agent told a reporter "If you ask Johnny, he'd love to come back."

Savannah Bananas (2023–present)
On February 22, 2023, Damon made his debut with the Savannah Bananas, an exhibition baseball team based in Savannah, Georgia, in a game of Banana Ball against the Party Animals at Jackie Robinson Ballpark in Daytona Beach, Florida.

Awards

1993 – Midwest League All-Star OF
1994 – Carolina League All-Star Royals Minor League Player of the Year
1995 – Baseball America 1st team Minor League All-Star, KC Royals Minor League Player of the Year, Texas League All-Star & Most Valuable Player,  AA All-Star, and AA Player of the Year
2000 – KC Royals Player of the Year
2002 – All-Star (Inaugural AL All-Star Final Vote winner)
2005 – Baseball America 2nd-Team All-Star, AL All-Star
2009 – TYIB Award: Best Postseason Moment
2017 – Asian American Hall of Fame
2020 – International Sports Hall of Fame.

Other appearances
In 2005, Damon wrote Idiot: Beating "The Curse" and Enjoying the Game of Life with Peter Golenbock.

Damon contributed backing vocals to Dropkick Murphys' 2004 single "Tessie."

Damon hosted WWE Raw on December 21, 2009.

Damon participated in the Celebrity Apprentice competition in the spring of 2014 in New York City.  The shows that he filmed were part of the 2015 season of the show. He was eliminated from the show on the episode which aired on February 2, 2015.

Damon appeared on the Animal Planet show Tanked in 2016.

Damon appeared on MTV Cribs in 2005, where he gave a tour of his home near Orlando, Florida.

In April 2018, Damon was announced as one of the celebrities who will compete on season 26 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer Emma Slater. He was eliminated on the first episode, and he placed in ninth place.

In August 2019, Damon and his wife appeared as one set of primary charter guests during seasons 4 & 5 of the show Below Deck Mediterranean.

Personal life

Damon has had two marriages and has fathered eight children. Damon married Angela Vannice, his high school sweetheart in 1992, and later divorced in 2002. The couple had a set of twins (a son and a daughter) together.

Damon married Michelle Mangan in 2004. The couple have six children together; five daughters (including a set of twins) and a son.

Damon and his family reside in Windermere, Florida. While with the Yankees, Damon and his wife lived in Cresskill, New Jersey.

He is active with the Wounded Warrior Project, which works to raise awareness and enlist the public's aid for the needs of severely injured service men and women.

Damon was one of the victims of the $8 billion fraud perpetrated by convicted wealth manager Allen Stanford.

Damon spoke at a rally in Florida during Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and chanted in support of a border wall between the United States and Mexico. Damon formerly served as a committee member on Trump's council on Sports, Fitness, & Nutrition.

On October 26, 2019, in Orlando, Florida, Damon was the Special Guest at the Orange County Republican Party's Trump Defender Gala and 2019 Annual Lincoln Day Dinner.

On February 19, 2021, Damon was arrested in Windermere, Florida, for driving while intoxicated (DWI) and for resisting an officer without violence. Police reported that he had a blood alcohol content (BAC) of .30, measured two hours after he was stopped by police. Bodycam footage released by the Windermere Police Department showed Damon claiming that his arrest was part of being targeted because of his support of Trump.

See also

Top 300 home run hitters of all time
List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
American League All-Stars
American people of Croatian descent
American people of Irish descent
American sportspeople of Thai descent
Baseball City Royals players
Baseball players from Kansas
Baseball players from Orlando, Florida
Boston Red Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
Dr. Phillips High School alumni
Gulf Coast Royals players
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Yankees players
Oakland Athletics players
Participants in American reality television series
People from Cresskill, New Jersey
People from Fort Riley, Kansas
Rockford Royals players
Savannah Bananas players
Tampa Bay Rays players
The Apprentice (franchise) contestants
Wichita Wranglers players
Wilmington Blue Rocks players
World Baseball Classic players of the United States
2006 World Baseball Classic players

Johnny Damon


John Sutton Nettlefold, JP (2 May 1866 – 3 November 1930) was a British social reformer.

He was the fourth son of Edward John Nettlefold (the son of John Sutton Nettlefold, 1792–1866) and was born in London in 1866. In 1878, he came to Birmingham and after leaving school entered the Broad Street offices of Messrs. Nettlefold and Co. (later GKN). Subsequently, he resigned his post and became managing director of Kynoch Ltd, a position he retained for many years. He was also chairman of Thomas Smith's Stampings Ltd, and a director of Henry Hope and Sons Ltd for a considerable period.

In 1898 he entered the City Council as a representative of Edgbaston and Harborne Ward, and remained a Councillor until 1911. In addition to his work for social reform Nettlefold was interested in charitable and philanthropic movements. For several years he was honorary secretary, and afterwards chairman of the Women's Hospital, and a liberal subscriber to its funds. He was also at one time honorary treasurer of the Graham Street Charity School, and took a keen interest in the work of the Fazeley Street Mission. Nettlefold was a Justice of the Peace for Worcestershire, and also a magistrate for the city of Birmingham.

Whilst living in Birmingham, Nettlefold commissioned a home for his family from the architect Joseph Lancaster Ball. The resulting Arts and Crafts style house was called Winterbourne and it and its grounds are open to the public, the latter forming the University of Birminghams' Winterbourne Botanic Garden. The garden was created by Nettleford's wife, Margaret, née Chamberlain.

Nettlefold's most notable contribution was to the improvement of public housing in Birmingham for the working classes. In 1901, as the chairman of Birmingham's new Housing Committee he extended the city's slum clearance works. In 1907 when the majority of inner city housing was of a crowded back-to-back design, Nettlefold established the garden suburb Moor Pool in Harborne to provide low density affordable housing with many interspersed green spaces, centred around a community hall. His publications on urban planning included "Slum Reform and Town Planning", and "Practical Housing".

References

1866 births
1930 deaths
English socialists
English politicians
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
English reformers
British social reformers
English justices of the peace

John Sutton Nettlefold (social reformer)