Miha Kralj (; born 22 August 1949) is a Slovene composer, singer, performer and record producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient and new-age musical genres in Slovenia and former SFR Yugoslavia. He is also called "Yugoslavian Jean-Michel Jarre".

Biography

As a child he attended musical school and played accordion and piano. In the 1960s and 1970s he played electrical synthesizer Bauer, Moog, Vox and Hammond. In various pop-rock groups he played musical keyboard. He was one of the first who had Melotron, Hammond, Poly Moog, Roland-Jupiter8 synthesizers. He performed in many Ljubljana's pubs where he was playing with musical notes according to artistic performances and where various music could be played. At café Slon, Milan Hribar performed with his group called Intervali, who invited Kralj to perform with him. They performed regularly in Motel Jasnica near Kočevje. When departing from Intervali, Kralj performed with Hribar in Austria and Germany with the group Celeias, who became a contributing group of the German singer Erik Silvester.

He later joined the group Dekameroni (1969–1972), where he wrote his first hit single "Sava šumi". He founded his group called Prah (1975–1980) and the group performed at different places in Slovenia and also at café Slon in Ljubljana. With the musical label Helidon the group released five singles. In the year 1980 Kralj started his solo career and with additional financial investment in buying synthesizers he recorded and released the first ambient and new-age electronic album in SFR Yugoslavia called Andromeda.

ZKP RTVS label didn't accept him as recording musician, so he asked Vilko Avsenik who appointed him to the representative of Belgrade label PGP-RTB Boris Kovačič, where they released his 1980s album Andromeda. Andromeda became a hit and was released in 21.000 copies in SFR Yugoslavia and 100.000 copies in Europe. It was a successful album also in the territory of Benelux, Sweden and USSR. The lead composition from Andromeda became the main composition of Planica ski jumping contests and was played during ski jumping slow motion repeating videos.

In the year 1981 a photographer Dragan Timojević – Belmondo invited Kralj to join a Serbian girl-group Cica-Mace, who previously worked together with Kornelije Kovač, who also used synthesizers for creating their music.

Kralj composed several songs for other Slovene musicians and some people compare Kralj style to be similar to Giorgio Moroder. He also composed scenery film music for documentaries. For director Matjaž Žbontar he composed unforgettable music about China: Paintings from Sechuan, Annapurna, Sri Lanka and from various places in Slovenia. He worked together with various musical groups and as a solo performer on festivals such as Melodije morja in sonca, Slovenska popevka and Pop delavnica. In the year 1980 he received second prize for his single Halo Nataša on festival Slovenska popevka ;in 1982 he received the prize of the jury for his single Robot on festival Slovenska popevka. He also received prizes on the festival Melodije morja in sonca. In 1982 he released his second album titled Odyssey. In 1985 he released his third album titled Electric Dreams.

He performed often as a one-man band performer. At café place Emonska klet he performed for 11 years.

Discography

Albums
Andromeda (PGP RTB, 1980)
 A. Embrio, Simfonija c mol, Apokalipsa
 B. Andromeda, Wizart, Pegaz
Odyssey (PGP RTB, 1982)
Electric Dreams (PGP RTB, 1985)
Parallel Mirror (Andromidia – ANP LP 002, 2022)

Other discography
Miha Kralj – Marina (Melodije morja in sonca, 1982)
Miha Kralj – Robot (Slovenska popevka, 1982 / Pop Rock Ljubljana '82, 1982, ZKP RTV Ljubljana)
Miha Kralj – Zemlja kliče SOS (Slovenska popevka, 1983)
Miha Kralj – Zemlja kliče SOS (Telstar – od tod do vesolja – Spacebound, 2013, ZKP RTV Slovenija)
Miha Kralj – Hočem živet (Metalka 35, 1984, Dokumentarna)
Miha Kralj – To noč si love machine (Pop delavnica, 1984)
Duo Error – Moški, moški (Pop delavnica, 1985) (Katarina Toš and Miha Kralj)
Error – Sence svet (Pop delavnica, 1987) (Darja Šen and Miha Kralj)
Miha Kralj – Jupiter (1982) (YU Elektronika 1978–1991, 2005)
Milan Petrovič in Miha Kralj – Nevesta (1983)
Katja Mihelčič – To nisi ti (1997)
Katja Mihelčič – Kresnica noči (1999)
Cica-Mace – Super, Super Marko (singl, 1981, PGP RTB)
Cica-Mace – Zero (LP, 1981, Jugoton)

References

External links

 http://www.dnevnik.si/ljudje/miha-kralj

1949 births
Living people
Musicians from Ljubljana
Slovenian electronic musicians
New-age synthesizer players
Experimental musicians
Slovenian musicians

Miha Kralj


is a 1977 tokusatsu series created by Shotaro Ishinomori and produced by Toei. It revolves around a giant battle robot commanded by a young boy who fights the giant robots of an evil organization bent on world conquest.  It is similar to Giant Robo in premise and how it ends.

Several episodes were edited into a TV movie shown in the United States under different titles, including The Defenders and the Great Brain and Brain 17 (1982).

The opening theme was performed by Ichirou Mizuki,  Koorogi '73 and The Chirps.

Popy manufactured several toys based on the series - notably a transforming Chogokin version of the robot One-Seven (later released in America for the Godaikin line), vehicles based on One-Seven's Flying Fortress mode, the Sub Machine Flying Car, the Shigcon Tank and the Shigcon Jet, and a three-inch version of One-Seven, which was later released as "17" in Mattel's Shogun Warriors line.

Story
Brain is the world's greatest computer, and also the most intelligent being on planet Earth. One day, Brain decides to abandon its terrestrial moorings, and it's up to The Red Mufflers to track it down. Unfortunately, Brain has developed an amazing army of deadly giant robots, including one with a huge "17" emblazoned on its chest-plate, with which it plans to subjugate its creators. A young boy whose family was killed by Brain's followers manages to activate Daitetsujin 17, which thereafter comes to his rescue whenever he is in danger from Brain's minions.

References

External links
Daitetsujin 17 Fan Site (Japanese)
Brain 17 at the Internet Movie Database
Daitetsujin 17 Toy Review

1977 Japanese television series debuts
1977 Japanese television series endings
Mainichi Broadcasting System original programming
Shotaro Ishinomori
Tokusatsu television series
Toei tokusatsu
Super robot anime and manga

Daitetsujin 17


Justin and the Knights of Valour (Spanish: Justin y la espada del valor) is a 2013 computer-animated fantasy film whose working title was Goleor: The Scales and the Sword. It is the story of a boy named Justin, who wants to become a knight like his grandfather Sir Roland. It was produced, created, developed and animated by Kandor Graphics, the second of their two animated films (the first was the 2008 film, The Missing Lynx). It was produced by Antonio Banderas, Marcelino Almansa, Kerry Fulton and Ralph Kamp. It was written by Matthew Jacobs and Manuel Sicilia with music by Ilan Eshkeri. It was edited by Claudio Hernández and directed by Manuel Sicilia. Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed it in Spain, and Entertainment One in the United Kingdom.

The film premiered on 13 September 2013. It received negative reviews, criticizing the writing, characters and pacing, though the voice acting and music received praise. It flopped at the box-office only grossing $19 million off of a $30 million budget. Rotten Tomatoes reported a 13% approval rating for the film with an average rating of 3.93/10 based on 15 reviews.

Plot
Justin lives in the kingdom of Gabylonia and dreams of becoming a Knight of Valour like his grandfather, Sir Roland. Unfortunately, knights were outlawed and replaced by lawyers after the King's death. Justin's father Reginald, the Queen's Chief Lawyer, grew to hate knights following Roland's death and insists Justin become a lawyer. Justin notices that Roland's sword is missing and decides to go on a quest to find it. His grandmother Lilly tells him to go to the Tower of Wisdom to receive training. Before departing Justin visits his crush, Lara, a spoiled nobleman's daughter, hoping to receive a token of luck. Lara is so self-absorbed she barely notices him and gives him a dirty sock which Justin swears to return after completing his quest.

Justin heads to the traditional quest starting point, the Broken Eagle Inn, but finds it has become a fast food restaurant. There he meets weary barmaid Talia, and talentless wizard Melquiades. Justin attempts to defend Talia from the inn's bullying guards, Igor and Slamski, causing her to develop a crush on him.

Sir Heraclio, the knight who killed Justin's grandfather, returns from exile and recruits an army of criminals to seek retribution on the Queen and Reginald for outlawing knights. The Queen fears she made a mistake outlawing knights as there is no-one to defend the kingdom. Clorex, an armour polisher and opportunistic thief, overhears the Queen and steals armour to pose as a knight. Styling himself Sir Clorex he begins residing at the Broken Eagle, charging customers money for his autograph. Talia is threatened by her boss to keep quiet as Clorex is good for business.

Justin finds the tower and trains with monks Braulio and Legantir and knight Sir Blucher. Blucher informs Justin that Heraclio stole his grandfather's sword after killing him. For his final test Justin must face a dragon, but as dragons are extinct he faces Gustav, an alligator fitted with mechanical wings and flamethrower. The test goes wrong and Justin is near-fatally injured. The monks end the training early and send Justin home but Blucher gives Justin his sword.

Justin returns to the Broken Eagle to see Talia. Igor and Slamski eagerly start another fight with Justin. Tired of Clorex and the Inn Talia helps Justin defeat them and quits her job. However, she is disheartened when she learns that Justin has feelings for Lara.

At Lara's coming-of-age party Justin finds Lara has fallen in love with Clorex. Heraclio's men attempt to kidnap Lara for ransom, but they are scared away by Clorex who they believe to be a real knight. Having embarrassed himself and failed as a knight Justin returns home with his father. Wanting the ransom money Clorex kidnaps Lara and delivers her to Heraclio. Talia finds Justin preparing to go to university to become a lawyer and informs him of Lara's kidnapping. Determined to do the right thing Justin decides to rescue Lara and Reginald finally accepts Justin's decision to become a knight.

Melquiades leads Justin and Talia to Heraclio's hideout, where they find Lara. Seeing Justin fight Lara develops a crush on him. Justin and Talia are surrounded but decide to fight to the end with Justin admitting he is happy Talia came with him. Blucher arrives in time with Gustav who scares away the army while Blucher duels Heraclio. Talia confronts Clorex with his cowardice and lies and defeats him in a fist fight. Heraclio wounds Blucher before duelling Justin. Justin succeeds in disarming Heraclio and recovering his grandfathers sword. Heraclio is almost victorious but Justin sends him falling from a waterfall to his death.

The Queen knights Justin as Sir Justin and both she and Reginald decide to re-establish the knights. Lara passes out when, rather than propose to her, Justin keeps his promise and returns her dirty sock in front of the entire kingdom. He then asks Talia to continue coming on adventures with him as he has fallen in love with her and she accepts by kissing him.

At their tower Braulio, Legantir and Blucher erect a statue of Justin next to the statue of his grandfather and unveil a new hall awaiting the statues of the next generation of knights.

Cast

 Freddie Highmore as Justin, a teenage boy who dreams of becoming a knight like his grandfather before him. Justin soon sets out on a quest to achieve his dream. He is shy, lacks confidence, has a slight build, and is clumsy. However, he's also brave, determined, true of heart, smart, and rather handsome.
 Saoirse Ronan as Talia, a teenage girl and former barmaid that comes from a large family of many older brothers. Tired of her job and seeking the thrill of adventure Talia joins Justin, eventually falling deeply in love with him. She is beautiful with long brown hair, is skilled at fighting, quick-witted, loves adventure, and cares for others greatly.
 James Cosmo as Blucher, one of the monks, a former knight and Sir Roland's best friend.
 Charles Dance as Legantir, the wise head monk and wizard.
 Tamsin Egerton as Lara, Justin's former crush and the daughter of the kingdom's pioneer economic. She has blonde hair, has many dresses and makeup, and is rather selfish and insensitive to others feelings.
 Antonio Banderas as Clorex, an armour polisher and thief who poses as a knight for fame and money.
 Rupert Everett as Sota, a vain but skilled swordsman who serves Heraclio as his right-hand man. He has two brothers he bullies constantly.
 Barry Humphries as Braulio, a monk and inventor. He suffers from a nervous condition that causes seizures when stressed or upset, especially during Justin's training.
 Alfred Molina as Reginald, Justin's father. He is the chief lawyer of the kingdom and vehemently against knights. He wishes for his son to become a lawyer like him.
 Mark Strong as Heraclio, a former knight who betrayed his kingdom and murdered Sir Roland. He blames the Queen and Reginald for ruining his life by outlawing knights.
 David Walliams as Melquiades / Karolius, a quirky wizard with a bizarre split personality that prevents him using magic as neither personality likes each other or can agree on anything. Both personalities accompany Justin and Talia on their travels as it is the one thing they agree on.
 Julie Walters as Grandma Lilly, Justin's grandmother and Reginald's mother. She supports Justin in his desire to be a knight and strongly disagrees with Reginald outlawing knights. She is good friends with the Queen.
 Olivia Williams as the Queen of Gabylonia, the governor of the kingdom. Following her husband's murder, she outlawed all knights, hoping to prevent any future conflict, but now realizing her actions have left her kingdom and people with none to defend them.
 Richard O'Brien as Innkeeper of the Broken Eagle Inn. An angry businessman who only cares about money. He allows his guards, Igor and Slamski, to bully Talia and customers alike. He is the main cause of Talia quitting her job to adventure with Justin.
 Lloyd Hutchinson as Champ, Sota's giant brother who bears most of Sota's bullying due to his low intelligence. He switches sides and aids Justin and Talia after Justin treated him with kindness. Hutchinson also voices Igor, a guard at the Broken Eagle Inn.
 Stephen Hughes as Copas, Sota's cheerfully drunk brother who owns a horse, Skipper, that thinks it is a dog.
 Matt Wilkinson as Slamski, Igor's twin brother, another guard at the Broken Eagle Inn.
 Michael Culkin as Sebastien, Lara's butler.

Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 13% of 15 reviews are positive, and the average rating is 3.9/10.

References

External links

2013 films
2013 3D films
2013 comedy films
2013 fantasy films
2013 computer-animated films
2010s children's adventure films
2010s children's comedy films
2010s children's fantasy films
2010s children's animated films
2010s adventure comedy films
2010s fantasy adventure films
2010s fantasy comedy films
2010s English-language films
Spanish 3D films
Spanish computer-animated films
Spanish children's films
Spanish animated fantasy films
Spanish adventure comedy films
Spanish fantasy adventure films
Spanish fantasy comedy films
3D animated films
English-language Spanish films
Animated films set in the Middle Ages
Films scored by Ilan Eshkeri
2010s Spanish films
Spanish animated feature films

Justin and the Knights of Valour


Guide to Reference, published in 2008 as the online successor to Guide to Reference Books, was a selective guide to the best print and online reference sources. An editorial team of reference librarians and subject experts selected and annotated some 16,000 entries, which were organized by subject. It was a subscription database, published by the American Library Association, and was updated on an ongoing basis. It was intended as a resource for libraries when answering reference questions, planning library instruction, identifying items to purchase, and training staff.

The print edition was published regularly since 1902 by the American Library Association, and had been a staple of academic reference libraries throughout the United States. However, its popularity of use had dropped in recent years with the continued rise of electronic databases.

The online product was closed down on March 31, 2016.

History

The Guide was written in the first decade of the twentieth century by Alice Bertha Kroeger, head of the Library School at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She developed a 104-page volume meant to educate students and professionals within the library community. Filled with short articles and indexes to other publications for further reading, Kroeger used her book to "codify both the principles of education for reference librarianship and reference librarianship's province of expertise" (Kieft, 331). It also included a series of indexes describing and evaluating reference publications on a variety of topics and was meant to help the aspiring librarian learn about the most useful and reliable reference sources available on the market. The  American Library Association published her book as Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books: A Manual for Librarians, Teachers and Students. Kroeger produced two editions, one in 1902 and a second in 1907.

After Kroeger's death in 1909 the American Library Association asked Isadore Gilbert Mudge, head of the reference department for the library at Columbia University, to take over the project.  Mudge started a trend at Columbia that would last for several decades, pushing their reference staff to essentially "lead four lives-as editors, administrators, collection builders, and front-line reference specialists" (Plotnik, 130).  Much of the work for the Guide was accomplished alongside the normal reference work duties of collection development and assisting students and professors with their research requests.  During this time the indexes on reference materials expanded and the book went through two title changes: New Guide to Reference Books in 1923 and Guide to Reference Books in 1929.

After taking the volume through three decades and four new editions, Mudge retired and passed the responsibility on to her successor at Columbia University, Constance Mabel Winchell.  Winchell reorganized the book, classifying the indexes into different disciplines similar to the academic departments of a university.  The indexes were greatly expanded under Winchell; when the eighth edition was published in 1967 it was quite a tome, including entries on some 7500 individual publications.

When Eugene P. Sheehy took over as head of reference at Columbia in 1967 he took on the Guide.  Having worked as Winchell's assistant for several years Sheehy adopted her style, process of selection and organization as his own.  He began issuing supplements to the Guide, with versions in 1968, 1970, and 1972.  The supplements expanded on the entries of Winchell's eighth edition, adding indexes of material newly published or newly discovered.  A new ninth edition, which required Sheehy and his two assistants to update and correct entries from Winchell's edition and add in material from their three supplements, was finally published in 1976.  This ninth edition was the first version to include listings of early electronic databases.  Sheehy continued editing and publishing supplements until he retired in 1986.

The editorship passed for the 10th edition supplement and the 11th edition to Robert Balay of the Association of College and Research Libraries' Choice magazine. No longer the vision of a lone individual, the Guide became an increasingly cooperative project as reference literature grew and as contributors were drawn from libraries around the country.

Current developments

Use of the Guide became less and less frequent as research had turned more towards electronic databases such as EBSCOhost and JSTOR. The project to develop a 12th edition of the Guide as an online database was announced in 2000 under the editorship of Robert H. Kieft, then librarian at Haverford College (now college librarian at Occidental College). This online edition was published in 2009 and continually updated. It was the first to include listings of websites and was the first to be issued in electronic form. The online Guide's last general editor was Denise Beaubien Bennett, engineering librarian at the University of Florida's Marston Science Library.

ALA Publishing, in collaboration with the Guide to Reference Editorial Review Board, announced that, due to the "current business climate", the Guide to Reference online product had ceased taking further subscriptions and would be closed down on March 31, 2016.

References

 Cheatham, Bertha M.  "Reviews the Book "Guide to Reference Books" edited by Eugene P. Sheehy."  School Library Journal.  33.7.  (March, 1987): 88.
 Galvin, Tom.  "Review of The Guide to Reference Books by Eugene P. Sheehy." Library Journal. (September 15, 1968):  89.
 Harris, Robert R. "Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)."  Library Journal.  101.22.  	(December 15, 1976): 2560.
 Plotnik, Art.  "From Winchell's 8th to Sheehy's 9th."  American Libraries.  8.3.  (March, 	1977): 129-133.
 Kieft, Robert.  "When Reference Works Are Not Books: The New Edition of the Guide to Reference Books."  Reference and User Services Quarterly.  41.4.  (July, 	2002): 330-335.
 Rubin, Richard E.  Foundations of Library and Information Science.  2nd ed.   New York 	City: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc, 2004.
 Sheehy, Eugene P. "Preface."  Guide to Reference Books.  10th ed.  Ed. Eugene P. Sheehy.  Chicago: American Library Association, 1986.  ix-xi.
 Washburn, Anne. "Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)."  Library Journal.  105.13.  (July 1, 1980): 1502.

External links

Indexes

Guide to Reference


Aryeh Tartakower (1897–1982) was a Polish-born Israeli political activist, historian and sociologist. He was the Director of the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation of the World Jewish Congress during World War II. He was the Chair of the Department of Sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the author of many books about Jewish refugees and Israel.

Early life
Aryeh Tartakower was born in 1897 in Brody, Eastern Galicia. He graduated from the University of Vienna.

Career
Tartakower was the founder and chairman of the Histadrut Zionist Labor Party in Poland from 1922 to 1939. He served on the city council of Lodz in 1938-1939.

Tartakower joined the World Zionist Actions Committee in 1927. He served as the Director of the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation and Deputy Director of the Institute of Jewish Affairs at the World Jewish Congress in New York City from 1939 to 1946. He served as the chairman of the World Jewish Congress's Israel organization from 1948 to 1971. In this capacity, he alerted U.S. government officials about the fascist past of Romanian emigrant Valerian Trifa in 1962. Tartakower subsequently served as the chair of its cultural department. He also joined the executive committee of the World Hebrew Confederation in 1959. By 1976, he served as the chair of the Falasha Relief Committee, where he helped Ethiopian Jews emigrate to Israel.

Tatakower taught sociology at the Institute of Jewish Sciences in Warsaw, Poland from 1932 to 1939. After he made aliyah in 1946, he served as the Chair of the Department of Sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was the author of many books in Polish, English, Yiddish and Hebrew.

Death
Tartakower died in 1982 in Jerusalem, Israel.

Works

References

1897 births
1982 deaths
University of Vienna alumni
Polish emigrants to Israel
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Israeli sociologists
20th-century Israeli historians

Aryeh Tartakower


Boyhood is a 2014 American drama movie. The story is about a boy growing up with divorced parents. Ethan Hawke plays Dad. Patricia Arquette plays Mom. The movie took 12 years to make. It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture in 2015.

This movie was released in July 2014.

2014 drama movies
2010s coming-of-age movies
American coming-of-age movies
American drama movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in the 2000s
Movies set in 2004
Movies about divorce
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Linklater

Boyhood (movie)


Charmaine Brooks is a Canadian rock singer and songwriter born in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Charmaine began learning to play guitar at an early age, she then switched to drums, and began studying under local drummer Wayne Brown.
She said " singing was not something I ever thought I could do well"

Her musical influences she credits as Melissa Etheridge, Patty Smyth (Scandal) Sheryl Crow, Lisa Marie Presley and fellow Canadians Sass Jordan, Jann Arden and Alannah Myles, whom she just might have been trying to be in her first band The Mixx who supported local Canadian groups Helix and Big House.

One of her biggest influences she credits is the 1988 movie "Satisfaction" starring Justine Bateman and Liam Neeson, and the lead guitarist in the film who played Billy, Britta Phillips

In 1995 Brooks quit The Mixx to concentrate on writing songs, before returning to performing live with She Says So, a name she says she made up herself.

"Fill Me Up", her debut CD was released in 2005, she co produced the album with good friend Kathy Luckhardt, while playing guitar (on most tracks) bass guitar and drums. The album took almost a year to record. Links to the CD were put on the internet in a bid to generate some interest; Jordismusic.com was one site that she received some response from, another was from the Melissa Etheridge Information Network, where she learnt from one of the network's members about an all women internet radio station called NTG Radio. NTG was named after Melissa's 1995 song, "Nowhere to Go". After some meetings with the station owners of NTG, Charmaine became a part of the NTG family. NTG evolved into WomenRock Radio in late 2006.

Since 2005, she has hosted her own interview show called Doing Time, in which she has interviewed female artists like Britta Phillips (her first interview), Alannah Myles, Sophie B Hawkins, Taylor Dayne, Suzi Quatro, Dilana, Storm Large and fellow Canadian Sass Jordan to name just a few. Her unique one on one interview style highlights not only the artist and their music but also the character that is Charmaine Brooks, funny, flirtatious and very contagious.

In 2007, Charmaine interviewed rocker Melissa Etheridge about her CD "The Awakening". You can hear the full interview at  *

Charmaine's show, "Doing Time", is featured on www.womenrockradio.com

Track listing

Please Don't Go
Time Like This
Fly Away
How Can I Say Goodbye
To Be in Love
Everybody's Gone
Cry in The Dark
Broken Promises
Black Jaguar
I Still Love You
You Deserve So Much Better
Fill Me Up

References
Citations

External links
Official Website
Charmaine on myspace
NTG Radio
 Women Rock Radio

External links
Women Rock Radio
CD Baby
imdb.com

1970 births
Living people
People from Stratford, Ontario
Canadian women rock singers
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian women guitarists
Canadian rock drummers
Musicians from Ontario
Canadian women drummers
21st-century Canadian women singers
21st-century Canadian guitarists
21st-century Canadian drummers
21st-century women guitarists
21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters

Charmaine Brooks


Lei Liang (born November 28, 1972, in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese-born American composer who was a winner of the Grawemeyer Award and a Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Music. He is Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Music at the University of California, San Diego.

Early life and education
Liang is the son of musicologists Liang Mao-chun (b. 1940) and Cai Liang-yu (b. 1940) and studied piano as a child. He started composing at age six. His works written before he was thirteen are widely used for piano pedagogy and included among the required repertoire for national piano competitions in China.

Liang came to the United States in 1990 for further studies, receiving BM and MM degrees from the New England Conservatory of Music, both with academic honors and distinction in performance, and a Junior Fellowship and Ph.D. from Harvard University.

Career

Liang was the winner of the 2011 Rome Prize and the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, an Aaron Copland Award, a Koussevitzky Foundation Commission, a Creative Capital Award, and the Goddard Lieberson Fellowship from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His concerto Xiaoxiang (for alto saxophone and orchestra) was named a finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Music. His orchestral work, A Thousand Mountains, A Million Streams, won the 2021 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.

Lei Liang was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic and its music director Alan Gilbert for the inaugural concert of the CONTACT! new music series. He studied composition at New England Conservatory of Music, where he received both a BM and a MM  and then took his PhD at Harvard University as a recipient of The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. During this time, his teachers included a number of notable composers, including Sir Harrison Birtwistle, Robert Cogan, Chaya Czernowin, and Mario Davidovsky. In interviews and his own writings, Lei Liang credits Harvard ethnomusicologist Rulan Chao Pian as his most important mentor and personal influence.

Liang's ten portrait discs are recorded on Naxos Records, Bridge Records, Mode Records, BMOP/sound, Albany Records and New World Records, in addition to sixteen compilation discs, released on Innova, Telarc and GM Records. As a scholar and conservationist of cultural traditions, he edited and co-edited seven books and editions, and published more than forty articles. In 2020, Shanghai Conservatory of Music Press published a biography of Lei Liang, with essays by composers, musicologists, ethnomusicologists, performers, music critics, literary scholars, poets, and scientists. The book was edited by Prof. Qin Luo of Shanghai Conservatory.

From 2013 to 2016, Liang served as composer-in-residence at the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology where his multimedia works preserve and reimagine cultural heritage through combining scientific research and advanced technology. In 2018, Liang returned to the institute as its inaugural research artist-in-residence. In 2023, the Institute launched "Lei Lab" where he continues to collaborate with engineers, geologists, oceanographers and software developers, to explore what he calls "the unique potential for learning offered by creative listening."

Lei Liang's recent works address issues of sex trafficking across the US-Mexican border (chamber opera "Cuatro Corridos"), America's complex relationship with gun and violence (chamber opera "Inheritance"), and environmental awareness through the sonificiation of coral reefs.

Liang served as honorary professor of composition and sound design at Wuhan Conservatory of Music, as distinguished visiting professor at the Shaanxi Normal University College of Arts in Xi'an and Tianjin Conservatory of Music, and as visiting assistant professor of music at Middlebury College. Since 2009, he has taught at the University of California, San Diego where he served as chair of the composition area, acting chair of the music department, as well as the chair of the campus-wide committee on committees. Liang was appointed Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Music in 2020.

In 2018, Lei Liang was appointed chair of the academic advisory board and artist director of the Chou Wen-chung Music Research Center at the Xinghai Conservatory of Music in Guangzhou, China. The center was named after the influential Chinese-American composer Chou Wen-chung.

Liang's catalogue of more than a hundred works is published by Schott Music. He lives in San Diego with his son Albert.

References

External links
 Faculty Profile, UCSD
 Lei Liang website
 Lei Liang from the Schott Music site

Chinese classical composers
American classical musicians of Chinese descent
Chinese male classical composers
University of California, San Diego faculty
1972 births
Living people
21st-century classical composers
Musicians from Tianjin
Educators from Tianjin
Harvard University alumni
21st-century American composers
American classical composers
American male classical composers
New England Conservatory alumni
21st-century American male musicians
Paul & Daisy Soros Fellows

Lei Liang


Lacey-Keosauqua State Park is located southwest of Keosauqua, Iowa, United States. The park is located along the Des Moines River in Van Buren County. First dedicated in 1921, it is the largest state park in size in Iowa. In 1990, three areas were named nationally recognized historic districts and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History
A group of local citizens contributed $64,000 to buy the land, which had been a large farm. The state acquired the land in 1920, and dedicated it as Big Bend Park the following year. In 1923 the park had , it grew to  by 1935, and  in 1942. The park currently has , making it the largest state park in Iowa. It was renamed in 1926 in honor of John Fletcher Lacey, an American Civil War veteran who went on to serve in both the Iowa House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives, representing Iowa's 6th congressional district. He was noted for conservation legislation while in Congress and was instrumental in establishing the state park system in Iowa. By 1933 a lodge and a golf course, no longer extant, had been developed in the northwest part of the park.

Several government agencies worked at Lacey-Keosauqua to develop the park in the 1930s and the 1940s. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 770 arrived in the park on May 28, 1933. They worked with the National Forest Service landscaping and with soil erosion control along the steep river bluffs until October 11 of the same year, when it was transferred to the National Park Service. They continued their work in the park until October 23, 1934. Company 770's primary responsibility was the construction of the earthen dam and concrete spillway to create the man-made lake. CCC Company 2719 began work on August 20, 1934, and stayed until October 1935. Most of the trails were completed in 1934. The National Forest Service and both companies of the CCC built the various buildings. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) worked in the park building the foot and vehicle bridges and other small projects from December 1935 to April 1936. A National Park Service Camp began working in the park in June 1936 and remained until April 1937 or possibly into early 1938. The state of Iowa built two of the six existing cabins between 1940 and 1942 and completed the others sometime after 1942.

On November 15, 1990 three areas of the park were listed as historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places. At the time of its nomination it contained 37 contributing properties. Area A contains an entryway, a lodge and picnic area, Area B includes another picnic area and custodial facilities, and Area C contains the bathhouse and other features along the lake. All of the historic structures in the park were designed in the rustic style by the Central Design Office in Ames. The park was part of a larger study of Iowa's state parks called the .

Lodge and Picnic Area (Area A)
Area A is located in the northwest corner of the park. Its historic buildings and structures include the gatehouse and portals, a regulatory sign, lodge, pump house, and picnic shelter. Two rubble limestone portals flank the entrance road. The south portal is nearly square and is  tall. The north portal is T-shaped and stands  tall. The sign stands in front of the north portal. The rectangular, random rubble limestone gatehouse is separate from the portals and is located to the south of them. The lodge is a two-story, L-shaped building that is located on the main road just beyond the portals.

The main section of the structure is covered with weatherboard, and an addition is covered with uncoursed rubble. A wrap-around porch composed of stone walls covers the east side of the building and parts of the adjoining north and south facades. The underground pump house lies to the east of the lodge and is marked by its double-wooden doors. The picnic shelter is one-quarter of a mile to the southeast of the pump house. The shelter is composed of uncoursed ashlar limestone, and it is built into the side of a hill. Restrooms are located in the enclosed rear portion of the structure, and the north side is open.

Picnic and Custodial Group (Area B)
Area B is located in the north central part of the park. Its historic buildings and structures include the custodian's residence, a picnic shelter, a water fountain, two latrines, and several retaining walls at the entrance of the picnic shelter. Located in a clearing off the park road, the custodian's residence is a single-story, rectangular structure composed of rough-faced, coursed ashlar limestone. The gable ends are closed with weatherboard. It is built over a limestone basement.

The picnic area is located to the northeast of the custodian's residence. Coursed ashlar limestone encloses the rear of the shelter, and includes a fireplace. Two latrines, of coursed rubble limestone and similar in construction, flank the shelter. The water fountain is located southwest of the shelter. The entrance to the picnic area is marked by four square cement posts that are flanked by two coursed ashlar stone walls. Two  long stone walls are located in the center of the grass parking lot.

Bathing Area (Area C)
Area C is located to the south of Area B near the center of the park. It is the bathing area and it includes the lake, dam, spillway, trail surrounding the lake, the check dams and footbridge along this trail, bathhouse, beach, and pump house. Two bridges in this historic district are considered non-contributing to the historical nature of the district. The  lake is fed by a spring that is damned at the north end of the lake. The earthen dam with a concrete core is  in length. Rock riprapping protects its south side from erosion. A
concrete spillway curves to the west. A  arched, steel bridge (non-contributing) spans across the spillway. Most of the lake is surrounded by a  trail. Ten check dams that prevent soil erosion into the lake are located along the trail. They are composed of random rubble and concrete walls. Two coursed rubble limestone footbridges are located south of the lake. One of the two bridges is a WPA structure, and is non-contributing. The bathhouse is located near the top of a hill on the west side of the lake. The single-story uncoursed ashlar limestone building was built on concrete footings. It features a central gable with a cupola and two flanking wings. Concrete steps with random rubble side walls lead down to the beach on the lake. An uncoursed ashlar limestone pump house is built into the hillside. It has a flat roof that is also composed of limestone.

Land use
Nineteen burial mounds from the ancient Woodland Period are located in the northwest corner of the park. Park visitors are granted access to them. The lake in the center of the park is used for swimming, boating, and fishing. Fishing is also permitted on the Des Moines River. The park also features trails along the lake, and along the river bluffs and valleys for hiking. There are cabins and campsites for campers. Facilities are also available for picnicking. Part of Shimek State Forest is adjacent to the park.

References

Protected areas established in 1921
Civilian Conservation Corps in Iowa
Works Progress Administration in Iowa
Rustic architecture in Iowa
Protected areas of Van Buren County, Iowa
Historic districts in Van Buren County, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Van Buren County, Iowa
State parks of Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Keosauqua, Iowa
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa

Lacey-Keosauqua State Park


Mob or MOB may refer to:

Behavioral phenomena
 Crowd
 Smart mob, a temporary self-structuring social organization, coordinated through telecommunication

Crime and law enforcement
 American Mafia, also known as the Mob
 Irish Mob, a US criminal syndicate
 A mob, in organized crime
 MOB, Member of Bloods, a member of the Bloods street gang
 A group of vigilantes

 Other criminal organizations sometimes referred to as a "mob" include:
 Jewish mob
 Polish mob
 Japanese mob
 Russian mob
 Greek Mob (disambiguation)
 Black Mafia or Muslim Mob
 State Line Mob
 Armenian Mob
 Albanian mafia or Albanian Mob
 Serbian mafia or Serbian Mob
 Romanian mafia or Romanian Mob
 Bulgarian mafia or Bulgarian Mob

Other uses
 Mob, a family group, clan group or wider Aboriginal community group in Australian Aboriginal English
 Mob, collective noun for a group of macropods
 Mob (slamball team), a SlamBall team based in Chicago
 Mob (video games), a term for non-player characters
 Shigeo Kageyama, nicknamed "Mob", protagonist of the manga and anime Mob Psycho 100
 Mob as in a team of 100 contestants playing against a single contestant in a game show Eén tegen 100 (also known as  1 vs. 100)
 Mobil, which formerly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker MOB

As an abbreviation

Transportation
 Man overboard, a person who has fallen off a boat or ship and is in need of rescue
 Mobile Regional Airport (IATA airport code), located in Mobile, Alabama
 Montreux-Oberland Bernois, a Swiss railway company
 Motos Operacionais de Bombeiros, motorcycles used as ambulances in Brazil

Others
 Magyar Olimpiai Bizottság, National Olympic Committee of Hungary
 Main Operating Base, an overseas, permanently manned, well protected military base
 Marching Owl Band, the Rice University "marching band"
 Mobile offshore base, a concept for supporting military operations where conventional land bases are not available
 MobileCoin, a cryptocurrency
 Mob (gaming), a monster or non-player character in a computer game, short for "mobile"
 Movable object block, used in computer graphics
 M.O.B.: The Album, a 2008 album by ByrdGang
 M.O.B. (Project Pat album), 2017
 "M.O.B.", a song by Tupac Shakur from the 2001 album Until the End of Time
 "M.O.B." (Tkay Maidza song), 2015
 MOB (landmine), a Russian anti-personnel landmine

See also
 The Mob (disambiguation)

Mob


Captain Nazi (Baron Albrecht Krieger) is a Fawcett Comics and DC Comics supervillain, and rival of Captain Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr.

Captain Nazi made his first live-action appearance in a 2016 second season episode of The CW TV series DC's Legends of Tomorrow, played by André Eriksen.

Publication history
Captain Nazi first appeared in Master Comics #21 (December 1941) and was created by William Woolfolk and Mac Raboy.

Fictional character biography

Fawcett Comics
The super-strong Captain Nazi was genetically altered by his scientist father, and developed into the "perfect specimen" to fight for Adolf Hitler and the Axis Powers during World War II. He is given superhuman strength and stamina, and a special flying gas allows him to fly. He is sent to battle American superheroes by the Nazis after his power is demonstrated to them by Hitler, and some of the heroes are shown. Nazi first appeared in Master Comics #21 (December 1941), in opposition to both Captain Marvel and Bulletman. During the second half of his battle with Marvel in Whiz Comics #25 (published the same month), Nazi attacks two innocent bystanders who happened to be fishing near the scene of the battle, after they pull him out of the lake, and he escapes in their boat. One of them, an old man named Jacob Freeman, is killed, but the old man's teenage grandson Freddy Freeman is saved by Captain Marvel. Although he is crippled and his back broken with a hit from an oar while Nazi escapes in the boat. Due to Captain Marvel bestowing part of his power to him, Freddy becomes Captain Marvel Jr. He is then sent to defeat Captain Nazi by Captain Marvel.

Junior, crippled in his Freddy Freeman form by the attack, continues to hold a vendetta against Nazi, and the two frequently battle one another. Nazi also serves as a member of Mister Mind's Monster Society of Evil, one of the most powerful organisations of villains in the world which included Adolf Hitler, and assists their first plan to steal magic fortune-telling pearls from a princess, leading Captain Marvel to their hideout, and revealing their existence, during the World War II years, before making his final Fawcett Comics appearance in the story "General Nippon's Elusive Earthplane", published in Captain Marvel, Jr. #19 in 1944.

DC Comics

Captain Nazi appeared only sporadically in DC Comics' 1970s/1980s revival of the Marvel Family characters under the title Shazam!, save for reprints of the original Fawcett stories. Nazi's first appearance in a new DC Comics story was in Shazam! #34 (March- April 1978).

Following writer Roy Thomas and artist Tom Mandrake's new interpretation of the Captain Marvel mythos in the 1987 four-issue miniseries Shazam!: The New Beginning, Captain Nazi was re-introduced in a 1988 four-part story in Action Comics Weekly issues #623-626. Captain Nazi himself, however, only appeared in #624-626. The story was written by Thomas and his wife Dann Thomas, with art by Rick Stasi and Rick Magyar. The new Captain Nazi is a young Neo-Nazi named Lester Abernathy. Abernathy is given his "Captain Nazi" powers, costume and codename by a Neo-Nazi organization called the Sons of Valhalla and battles Captain Marvel. This version of the character made no further appearances and was subsequently retconned out of existence by the 1994 The Power of Shazam! graphic novel, which again altered Captain Marvel's background and continuity.

Captain Nazi was introduced into the modern DC Universe in Jerry Ordway's The Power of Shazam! series in 1995. In the modern series, Nazi had been active during the 1940s, battling World War II-era heroes such as Bulletman, Minute-Man, and Spy Smasher, but placed himself in suspended animation in a chamber so that he could emerge in modern society and revive the Third Reich. He believed Hitler's body to be held in a similar chamber. Nazi's brother, scientist Wolf Krieger, and his granddaughter, a super-powered villainess named Madame Libertine who possesses mind-controlling powers, carry on Nazi's legacy in the 1990s and resurrect their hero from his suspended animation chamber in The Power of Shazam! #5.

Issues #6–8 of The Power of Shazam series retell the story of Captain Nazi's murdering Freddy's grandfather by throwing him a great distance with his superhuman strength, his crippling of Freddy, and Freddy's emergence as Marvel, Jr. and attempted revenge on Nazi. His life was actually saved by Freddy who believed the figure who fell into the lake was Captain Marvel, who had just knocked him into the lake. After the Marvel Family captures and defeats Nazi, he is sent to Europe to be tried for war crimes committed during World War II.

Captain Nazi eventually joins Lex Luthor's new Secret Society of Super Villains as seen in the miniseries Villains United where he works with them to torture the Secret Six. He is blinded during the escape of the Secret Six when Catman plunges syringes into his eyes.

Captain Nazi meets his apparent end in Batman #647 while fighting Batman and the Red Hood. The Captain, now sporting cybernetic eyes following his injury in Villains United, has been lent out to the villain Black Mask to assassinate the Red Hood alongside fellow Society members Deathstroke, Count Vertigo, and Hyena. During the fight, the Red Hood apparently kills Captain Nazi by jamming a taser-like weapon into his cybernetic eyes (the only vulnerable part of his body). In Villains United Special #1 however, Nazi has survived. At the behest of the Society, Nazi appeared in Kahndaq to release all of the captives in its prisons and fights Khandaq's ruler and former Secret Society member, Black Adam. During the battle, Black Adam confronts Nazi about how he seemingly survived being killed, at which time Captain Nazi cryptically proclaims that previous origins about him were wrong and that the villain is not even human; that he is the living avatar of National Socialism given physical form and that so long as there are Nazis in existence, he will exist. Captain Nazi was able to stalemate Black Adam in the battle afterwards.

He has since appeared as leader of a Nazi-themed team in Justice Society of America named "The Fourth Reich" after the "One Year Later" jump, and is an opponent of Wonder Woman in "The Circle", sporting a generic black costume.

In September 2011, DC Comics engaged in a line-wide revision of its superhero comics, including their stories and characters' fictional histories, known as The New 52. In the new stories, Captain Nazi first appears in the "Superman" storyline "Savage Dawn" in Superman (vol. 3) Annual #3. In 1941, Captain Nazi is genetically engineered to serve in Hitler's Aerospace program. Vandal Savage successfully convinces the Third Reich to build a rocket that Captain Nazi will use to pilot himself and Vandal Savage into outer space to collect a larger sample of the meteor that gave Savage his powers. When the ship faces turbulence, Captain Nazi opts to land instead of going forward with the mission. After a crash landing, an enraged Vandal Savage beats him until he stops moving.

Other versions

Flashpoint
In the alternate timeline of the Flashpoint event, Captain Nazi is a member of the H.I.V.E. council and represents Germany. He voted for using nuclear weapons to end the war in Western Europe between Aquaman and Wonder Woman. He appears much older here, possibly because he was not placed in suspended animation.

In other media
 Albrecht Krieger makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in a flashback depicted in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Patriot Act". He volunteers to be injected with an unstable super-soldier serum as part of "Project Captain Nazi", but the operation is thwarted by Spy Smasher.
 Baron Krieger appears in the Legends of Tomorrow episode "The Justice Society of America", portrayed by André Eriksen. This version is an ally of Eobard Thawne who uses a bio-molecular enhancer that the latter created to transform himself into a monstrous, self-proclaimed "Übermensch". He battles the titular JSA and the time-travelling Legends until he is defeated by Nate Heywood and his grandfather Commander Steel.

References

External links
 Captain Nazi's "Who's Who" file at The Marvel Family Web

DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics male supervillains
Fawcett Comics supervillains
Nazi
DC Comics Nazis
DC Comics neo-Nazis
Golden Age supervillains
Comics characters introduced in 1941
National personifications in comic books
Captain Marvel (DC Comics)

de:Captain Marvel (DC Comics)#Captain Nazi

Captain Nazi


Since 2017, the Woodland Trust has led 70 United Kingdom organizations in the call for a Charter for Trees, Woods and People.

History
The Charter of the Forest was first signed on 6 November 1217 as a sister charter to the Magna Carta from which it had evolved. Some minor changes were made to it, before it was reissued in 1225. It was then joined with Magna Carta in the Confirmation of Charters in 1297. A Charter of the Forest was signed by Henry III to set down rights for people to access the sustainable benefits of the woods, trees and grazing lands of the Royal Forests in England. It provides a window to a period of history when trees and woods were integral to everyday life for firewood, building material and food.

In October 2010, the government introduced the Public Bodies Bill to the House of Lords, which would have enabled the Secretary of State to sell or lease public forests in England. The Woodland Trust believed that the public outcry that stopped those plans revealed the connection people feel to the woods and trees of the UK.

The Independent Panel on Forestry wrote in its 2011 Report:

A Charter should be created for the English Public Forest Estate, to be renewed every ten years. The Charter should specify the public benefit mission and statutory duties.

The call to create a Charter for Trees, Woods and People was first made in January 2016. The Charter for Trees, Woods and People was launched on 6 November 2017 on the 800th anniversary of the Charter of the Forest. The Tree Charter address different issues to the historic charter because society and priorities have changed so much. However, there has been no comparable statement of rights and responsibilities in the intervening 800 years. The Tree Charter aims to bring this discussion of the importance of woods and trees to people back to the forefront of public consciousness.

Aims
The charter aims to join the dots between all the different areas of society in which trees give benefits so that it can recognize and protect the true value of trees to society. Organizations involved are from a variety of industries. This includes commercial forestry, health, wildlife conservation and many more.

To create this Tree Charter, thousands of tree 'stories' were collected from people across the UK about what trees and woods mean to them. A tree story is any expression of what trees and woods mean to people. They can be a sentence or longer phrase, a photo, audio clip or video. The tree stories were collected until the end of February 2017.

These tree stories collected from the UK public, along with specific consultations with forestry and sector professionals, will form the basis for the partner organizations to write the content of the final Tree Charter. The new Tree Charter document will not be legally binding, but more a set of guiding principles, to which politicians, organizations, community groups and individuals can be held to account.

The 10 Tree Charter Principles were announced on 27 March 2017. From this moment onwards, the public is being asked to sign to show support for the Tree Charter.

Purpose
The Tree Charter will be a document which can be used to hold politicians, community groups and organizations to account, backed up by the body of evidence of over 60,000 public stories. It will be the basis each year of a joint statement from the partner organizations, which will demonstrate whether or not the aims of the Charter have been achieved.

Organizations involved
Partner organizations involved in creating the Tree Charter:

 Action for Conservation
 Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association UK
 Ancient Tree Forum
 Arboricultural Association
 Bat Conservation Trust
 Black Environment Network
 Borders Forest Trust
 British Association for Shooting and Conservation
 Butterfly Conservation
 Campaign for National Parks (CNP)
 Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE)
 Caring For God's Acre
 Centre for Sustainable Healthcare
 Church of England
 CIEEM (Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management)
 City of Trees
 Climate Coalition
 Coigach Assynt Trust
 Common Ground
 Confor
 Confederation of Timber Industries (CTI)
 Continuous Cover Forestry Group
 Country Land and Business Association (CLA)
 Forest School Association (FSA)
 Froglife
 FSC-UK (Forest Stewardship Council)
 Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust
 Going Wild
 GreenBlue Urban
 GroundWork Gallery
 Grown in Britain
 Institute of Chartered Foresters (ICF)
 John Muir Trust
 Legal Sustainability Alliance (LSA)
 Llais y Goedwig
 MADE (Muslim Action for Development and Environment)
 Mersey Forest
 National Association of Local Councils
 National Forest
 National Trust
 National Union of Students (NUS)
 New Forest National Park Authority
 National Farmers' Union (NFU)
 Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action
 Northern Ireland Environment Link
 Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
 Plantlife
 Reforesting Scotland
 RFS (Royal Forestry Society)
 RHS (Royal Horticultural Society)
 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
 RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)
 RSPB Wales
 Small Woods Association
 Soil Association
 SWOG (Small Woodland Owners' Group)
 Sylva Foundation
 TDAG (Trees and Design Action Group)
 The British Beekeepers Association
 The British Druid Order
 The Conservation Foundation
 The Conservation Volunteers (TCV)
 The Consulting Arborist Society (CAS)
 The Land Trust
 The Landscape Institute
 The Orchard Project
 The Pagan Federation
 The Sherwood Forest Trust
 The Tree Council
 The Wildlife Trusts
 The Windsor Estate
 Timber Trade Federation (TTF)
 Tir Coed
 Trees for Cities
 Wild Network
 Wildlife & Countryside Link
 Woodland Heritage
 Woodland Trust
 Woodlands.co.uk
 WWF-UK

References

External links

Trees
Organizations established in 2016

Charter for Trees, Woods and People


A/S Bærumsbanen was a tram company that operated the Lillaker-, Kolsås and Østensjø Line of the Oslo Tramway, Norway, from 1924 to 1971 when the company became part of Oslo Sporveier.

History
In 1924 the two street tram operators in Oslo, Kristiania Sporveisselskab and Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei, were taken over by the municipal owned Oslo Sporveier. The final part of the Skøyen Line, from Skøyen to Lillaker was a suburban tramway located in the neighboring municipality of Aker, and the Municipality of Oslo was not interested in taking over it. Therefore the owner reorganized itself to A/S Kristiania Elektriske Sporvei Bærumsbanen (KES-BB), though changing their name to just A/S Bærumsbanen in 1935 after Oslo Sporveier bought 25% of the company on 1 October 1934.

The new company immediately started expanding the Lilleaker Line, first to Bekkestua and then to Haslum—establishing a depot at Avløs at the same time. The final extension of the line occurred on 1 January 1930 to Kolsås. From 4 January 1937 Bærumsbanen took over the operation of the Østensjø Line on the east side of Oslo, that was owned by the municipal Akersbanerne—allowing the company to operate through services from Oppsal to Kolsås.

To shorten travel time on the outer part of the Lilleaker Line, the company received permission in 1938 build a line from Jar to Sørbyhaugen on the Røa Line, allowing the trains to use the Common Tunnel shared by the other suburban lines in the west to quickly reach the city center at the underground station at Nationaltheatret. This opened on 15 June 1942—at the same time the Oppsal route was limited to running to Jar. On 1 October 1944 Oslo Sporveier bought the whole company, but not until 1 July 1971 did they fully merge.

References

Oslo Tramway operators
Defunct railway companies of Norway
Companies based in Oslo
Railway companies established in 1924
Railway companies disestablished in 1971

Bærumsbanen


Carl Freedman (born 1965) is the founder of Carl Freedman Gallery (formerly Counter Gallery). He previously worked as a writer and a curator.

Life and career

The 1990s and the Young British Artists

Saatchi arrived at Gambler in a green Bentley and, according to Freedman, was immediately impressed by (and then bought) Hirst's first major "animal" installation, A Thousand Years, consisting of a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding off a rotting cow's head. (The installation was later a notable feature of the Sensation exhibition.) At this early stage, Freedman was financing the production of Hirst's vitrines, and has commented that not many people attended these early shows, including Freeze.

In 1994, Freedman toured the US with Tracey Emin, driving in a Cadillac from San Francisco to New York, making stops en route where she gave readings from her autobiographical book Exploration of the Soul to finance the trip.

The couple also spent time by the sea in Whitstable together, using the beach-hut, which she uprooted and turned into art in 1999 with the title The Last Thing I Said to You is Don't Leave Me Here, and which was destroyed (along with her "tent") in the 2004 Momart warehouse fire.

In 1995, Freedman curated the show Minky Manky at the South London Gallery. At the time Emin was relatively unknown. Freedman, concerned that he would be accused of nepotism, challenged Emin to make a great work. The result was Emin's famous "tent" Everyone I have Ever Slept With 1963–1995, which was first exhibited in the show. Freedman's interview with her appears in the catalogue. Other featured artists were Sarah Lucas, Gary Hume, Damien Hirst, Mat Collishaw, Gilbert & George, Critical Décor and Stephen Pippin. Freedman said one of the show's themes was:
the artist as a subject, and (to) explore the relationship between the art on the wall and its creator, to make the whole thing more humanistic. And in there somewhere there is the beginnings of a thesis on the relationship and similarities between madness and modernism, for example, defiance of authority, nihilism, examples of extreme relativism, strange transformations of the self, irrationality, and things like that.

Carl Freedman Gallery

Carl Freedman Gallery London

In 2003, he opened Counter Gallery in Charlotte Road, Shoreditch, East London to sell original works.  The opening show had works by Simon Martin, an art lecturer and YBA contemporary. In 2007, the gallery changed its name to Carl Freedman Gallery.

Carl Freedman Gallery Margate

Carl Freedman Gallery opened in Margate, Kent on Saturday 25 May 2019 with a major solo show of new work by British painter Billy Childish.  After purchasing part of the old Thanet Press building in the centre of town, Carl Freedman's new HQ spans 10,000 square foot of a concrete 1960s commercial building. The site includes three exhibition spaces, an artist apartment and an upper floor dedicated to Freedman's print publishing business;  Counter Editions.'This is a fantastic opportunity for us to present larger-scale solo presentations by our artists as well as more expansive curated shows. Margate is going through an amazing transformation, led by a growing art community, and we are excited to be a part of the future of the town's creative-led regeneration.' Carl Freedman.

See also
Young British Artists

References

External links
Carl Freedman Gallery
Counter Editions

1965 births
Living people
British curators
Art dealers from London
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)

Carl Freedman


Sporty Thievz is a Yonkers, New York–based hip-hop duo—originally a trio—composed of King Kirk (a.k.a. Thieven Stealburg), Big Dubez (a.k.a. Safecracker) and Marlon Bryant Brando (March 19, 1979 – May 11, 2001; a.k.a. Robin Hood). They are notable for their parody of TLC's hit "No Scrubs" titled "No Pigeons", which attempted to tell things from the male perspective, and their song "Hit It Up" on the soundtrack to The Best Man. They are also known for satirically providing a male counterpoint to the female-oriented R&B music popularised in the late 1990s and early 2000s, something that was not done by any other group at the time. The group have been acknowledged for their lyrical skill, also making other notable hits such as "Cheapskate", which also has a music video and was released under Ruffhouse Records

In 1998, their album Street Cinema was released on Roc-A-Bloc/Ruffhouse Records. The majority of the production was handled by Ski, famous for his work on Jay-Z's Reasonable Doubt.  It had a unique concept in which every track had its own storyline that could also serve as a premise for a movie. This concept would reprise a decade later on rapper Ludacris's 2008 album, Theater of the Mind.

They did not get much airplay until the "No Pigeons" single was released, which hit #16 in the UK Singles Chart and stayed on that chart for six weeks.  Street Cinema was re-released with "No Pigeons" appearing as a bonus track.

In an attempt to capitalize, Sporty Thievz also released a rebuttal to Destiny's Child's hits "Bills, Bills, Bills" (written by the same songwriter as "No Scrubs", Kandi Burruss) and "Independent Women". The "Bills Bills Bills" rebuttal, entitled "Can't Pay Your Bills", demands "I need a lady working 9-5 to help her man out" (not to be confused with the track entitled "No Billz (Why, Why, Why?)" in which the group "humorously" questions "Why we gotta spend, because we men?").  In the "Independent Women" rebuttal "Independent Men" they consider the unfairness of child support, stating "She won't let me see my seed acting like it's funny, She gettin' her hair done with that diaper money".

The group contributed to the Rawkus Records 2000 compilation Hip Hop for Respect, a project put together by Mos Def and Talib Kweli to put out an EP recording 41 emcees in protest over the 41 shots fired at African immigrant and innocent man, Amadou Diallo, by the NYPD.

On May 11, 2001, group member Marlon Bryant Brando was killed after being struck by a car in North Bronx at the age of 22. It is reported that the driver of the car was intoxicated and swerving onto the sidewalk.

Discography
1998: Street Cinema
2000: Sporty Thievz
2013: "Speak Ya Mind - Cinema, Beats & Brawdz Pt.1 Mixtape"
2013: "The Best of Sporty Thievz Classic Freestyles Mixtape"
2014: "Sporty Thievz Album Street Cinema 2"
2021: "King Kirk Album Dopeman"
2022: "King Kirk Album Trading Places"
2022: "Sporty Thievz Album Foot Locker"
2023: "Boyz Squad Album California Compton"
2023: "King Kirk Album N.W.A.

References

External links
Sporty Thievz's 2013 New Website
Myspace profile

American hip hop groups
East Coast hip hop groups
American musical trios
African-American musical groups
Musical groups from New York (state)
Musical groups established in 1997
1997 establishments in New York (state)

Sporty Thievz


Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau CBE (1885–1964) was Maharajah of Pithapuram. He was called by Telugu people "Abhinava Krishnadevaraya". Maharani Sita Devi of Baroda was his daughter.

Early life
Surya Rau was born to Raja Gangadhara Rao and Maharani Mangamamba Devi on 5 October 1885 in the Pithapuram Fort and was named 'Suryaraya'. Gangadhar Rao married seven wives, but did not bear any children for sometime. Before his birth, Maharajah adopted a boy from the Venkatagiri royal family. This late birth and adoption led to endless litigation between 1891 and 1899. Finally the Privy Council decided in favour of the new-born prince. According to the will written by his father, Gollaprolu Estate was given to the adopted son.

His childhood was passed by the sad experience of the death of his father at the age of 5 years and mother at the age of 9 years. However he was looked after by his stepmother Chittada Rani.

He was placed under the care of the Court of Wards and admitted in Newington College, Madras. The Principal Morrison allowed the young prince to come under the influence of Indian Culture through study of Sanskrit and Telugu languages. His tutor, who became later his mentor, was Mokkapati Subbarayudu, a great scholar and a noble soul. Mokkapati was equally proficient in English and Telugu and devoted to the ideal of 'plain living and high thinking'. Mokkapati was to be Maharajah what Aristotle was to Alexander - teacher, friend, philosopher and counsellor.

His teacher introduced his own teacher Raghupathi Venkataratnam, who in due course his spiritual master and inspirer of noble deeds. He also came in contact with another great soul Kandukuri Veeresalingam.

He married Chinnamamba Devi in 1905. She was the eldest daughter of Raja Meka Venkata Rangayya Apparao Bahadur, Zamindar of Kapileswarapuram

Contribution to Telugu Language
The zamindar of Pithapuram sponsored the monumental classical Telugu dictionary, Suryarayandhranighantuvu, and even commissioned the first typewriter in Telugu.

Publications
Surya Rau garu from the early age devoted his time and energy to the development of literature, patronage of authors and many other philanthropic activities. The following is list of books dedicated to him:
 Adipudi Somanatha Kavi - Vijayendra Vijayamu
 Allamraju Subrahmanyam - Subhadra Parinayamu
 Chavali Rama Sudhi - Sahitya Chintamani
 Chintalapudi Ellana - Vishnumaya Natakam
 Dasari Lakshmana Swami - Amruta Kalasamu, Bhaktajana Manoranjanamu, Varnanaratnakaramu
 Devaguptapu Bharadwajam - Sri Suryarat Satakamu
 Devulapalli Subbaraya Sastri - Mahendra Vijayamu
 Devulapalli Venkata Krishna Sastri - Krishna Paksham, Nayanollasamu, Yatiraja Vijayamu
 K. Rajamannar - Sri Suryarat Prabhu Darsanamu
 Kandala Sathagopacharyulu - Peethapuri Vijayamu
 Kasibhatla Subbaraya Sastri - Sri Ramottareti Vruttamu
 Kilambi Gopala Krishnamacharyulu - Pithapura Maharaja Charitam
 Kotikalapudi Sitamma - Geetasaram, Viresalinga Charitra
 Kurumella Venkata Rao - Ma Maharajuto Doora Teeralu
 Madhunapantula Satyanarayana Sastri - Parivabhyudaya Kavyam, Ratna Panchalika,
Shad darsana Sangrahamu, Surya Saptati
 Malladi Suryanarayana Sastri - Kalapoornodayam, Uttara Hari Vamsam
 Nadakuduti Viirraju - Vibhrama Tarangini
 Padala Rama Reddi - Andhra Pradesh Vidya Vishayaka Saasanamulu
 Pasupuleti Venkanna - Seeta Vijayamu
 Puranapanda Mallaya Sastri - Andhrasutra Bhashyam, Sukraneeti Saaramu
 Ramakrishna Kavulu - Andhra Katha saritsaagaramu, Damayanti Kalyanamu, Madalasa, Suvritti Tilakamu, Viswagunaadarsamu,Vyaasabhyudayamu
 Sarvajna Singa Bhoopala - Ratnapaanchaalika
 Sri Tarakam, M.R.Appa Rao, Venkata Parvatiiswara Kavulu - Brahmarshi Venkata Ratnam Jeevita Sangrahamu-Upadesalu-Kathalu
 Sripada Krishnamurti Sastri - Brahmaanandamu
 T. Achyuta Rao - Vijayanagara Samrajyam - Andhra Vangmaya Charitam, Life of Pingali Surana
 Taallapaka Tiruvengala natha - Paramayogi Vilasamu
 Uppalapu Subbaraja Kavi - Sri Suryaraya Vijayamu
 Varanasi Venkateswara Kavi - Ramachandropakhyanam
 Vavilakolanu Subbaraya Kavi - Valmiki Ramayanam
 Vedam Venkataraya Sastri - Andhra Naishada Vyakhya
 Oleti Bhaskara Rama murti - Srirama Jananamu
 Oleti Parvateesam - Suvarnamala

Honours
 Andhra University awarded him Kala Prapoorna in 1953.

References
  Sri R.V.K.M. Surya Rau Bahadur, Maharajah of Pithapuram by I. V. Chalapati Rao, Published by Telugu University, Hyderabad, 1967.
 Velcheru Narayana Rao, Print and Prose in India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century, https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&dq=telugu+typewriter&pg=PA157

1885 births
1964 deaths
People from East Godavari district
Poets from Andhra Pradesh
Telugu poets
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian male writers

Rao Venkata Kumara Mahipati Surya Rau


Camponotus modoc or western carpenter ant is a black carpenter ant with dark red legs. Workers range in size from .

Habitat
It occurs in Western North America, where it makes nests in dead wood, including dead logs in the forests, as well as human houses.

As pests
Carpenter ants will damage homes by nesting in them.  They will dig out tunnels in wood to expand their living spaces and can lead to structural damage.  The infestation in the home usually is a satellite colony, with the main one within a hundred yards or more in a stump or other decayed wood.  When colonies start to establish themselves in homes, they may start small (a few hundred members) but can grow to several tens of thousands.  There can be 20 or more satellite colonies.

References

External links

modoc
Insects described in 1910
Hymenoptera of North America

Camponotus modoc


Perepiteia is claimed to be a new generator developed by the Canadian inventor Thane Heins. The device is named after the Greek word for peripety, a dramatic reversal of circumstances or turning point in a story. The device was quickly attributed the term "perpetual motion machine" by several media outlets. Due to the long history of hoaxes and failures of perpetual motion machines and the incompatibility of such a device with accepted principles of physics, Heins' claims about Perepiteia have been treated with considerable skepticism.

In 2003, Heins filed a patent application in Canada but no patent was granted. Heins also founded Potential Difference Inc, the website of which contains a series of videos of the inventor demonstrating the machine. US patent #9,230,730 issued in 2016 pertaining to another of Thane's inventions, a bi-toroidal topology transformer.

Heins has recently stated that he is unsure whether or not the machine really produces energy, but in communications with science writer David Bradley of ScienceBase, Heins made claims of up to 7000% efficiency for the bi-toroidal transformer. Heins, who reportedly works 8–12 hours a day on the Perepiteia, insists that it is viable and that "This technology should be mainstream."

Theory
Mechanically, the device appears to be an induction motor with a magnetic material placed inside the rotor core.  Heins believes that the device's potential may rest in its atypical manipulation of the back electromotive force (back EMF).  A more detailed description of the device may be found in the patent application, minus supporting figures.

The apparent unique quality of the Perepiteia machine is that instead of maintaining a certain state of motion, it appears to generate acceleration. According to Heins, the Perepiteia produces magnetic friction which somehow gets turned into a magnetic boost. Using an electric motor, the drive shaft is attached to a steel rotor with small round magnets lining its outer edges. In this set-up of a simple generator, the rotor spins so that the magnets pass by a wire coil just in front of them, generating electrical energy.

Operation
Perepiteia's process begins by overloading the generator to get a current, which typically causes the wire coil to build up a large electromagnetic field. Usually, this kind of electromagnetic field creates an effect called the back electromotive force (back EMF) due to Lenz's law. The effect should repel the spinning magnets on the rotor, and slow them down until the motor stops completely, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. However, instead of stopping, the rotor accelerates (i.e., the magnetic friction did not repel the magnets and wire coil). Heins states that the steel rotor and driveshaft conducted the magnetic resistance away from the coil and back into the electric motor. In effect, the back EMF was boosting the magnetic fields used by the motor to generate electrical energy and cause acceleration. The faster the motor accelerated, the stronger the electromagnetic field it would create on the wire coil, which in turn would make the motor go even faster. Heins seemed to have created a positive feedback loop. To confirm the theory, Heins replaced part of the driveshaft with plastic pipe that wouldn't conduct the magnetic field. There was no acceleration.

Scientific examination
In early 2008, Heins was given access to equipment to demonstrate it by professor Riadh Habash of the  University of Ottawa, who says of it, "It accelerates, but when it comes to an explanation, there is no backing theory for it. That's why we're consulting MIT. But at this time we can't support any claim."

After examining the machine and witnessing a demonstration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) professor Markus Zahn admitted that he could not fully explain its operation. Although he refused to call it perpetual motion, he stated that it might be an extremely efficient motor. Regarding the device, Zahn stated that "It's an unusual phenomena I wouldn't have predicted in advance. But I saw it. It's real. Now I'm just trying to figure it out...To my mind this is unexpected and new, and it's worth exploring all the possible advantages once you're convinced it's a real effect." However, even if Perepiteia does not produce perpetual motion, Zahn still believes that the device could have considerable practical applications, noting that "There are an infinite number of induction machines in people's homes and everywhere around the world. If you could make them more efficient, cumulatively, it could make a big difference."

However, Zahn later stated in an interview that "I can't understand how [Heins] can even breathe the words 'perpetual motion.' He plugs it into the wall." In a subsequent e-mail to Heins, Zahn wrote that: "Any talk of perpetual motion, over unity efficiency, etc. discredits you, now me, and your ideas." Zahn further stated that he would not endorse Heins' device until "the foolishness is stopped of hinting that your motor violates fundamental laws of physics."

Criticism
Critics of the system have pointed out that the system described by Heins simply demonstrates a change in the motor's hysteresis drag, increasing the speed of the rotor but not producing any energy. In other words, when the rotor exhibits acceleration following a specific electrical short-out, the device is merely more efficiently converting the input electricity to mechanical energy than in the other test configurations.

On February 29, 2008, six members of Ottawa Skeptics met at the Colonel By building at the University of Ottawa to witness a demonstration of Perepiteia. Heins, who conducted the demonstration, later met with the members to discuss his device and answer questions. In a subsequent report released in May, Ottawa Skeptics expressed severe doubts about Heins' claims regarding Perepiteia. They noted that Perepiteia produces either observed acceleration or a slight increase in generator electrical output, but this alone does not automatically mean that "free energy" or perpetual motion is being produced, or that there is a "real and measurable effect." While acknowledging that the speed-up behaviour of the generator cannot be fully explained, they stated that there is no evidence that Perepiteia "represents any challenge to currently known laws of physics."

On May 21, 2009, a skeptic writing under the name Natan Weissman wrote an explanation of Perepiteia in relation to its motor, a Ryobi bench grinder. The author states that the acceleration behavior of the machine is due to the consumption of torque from the induction motor, rather than any unconventional manipulation of Electromagnetic fields or Counter-electromotive force.

On June 3, 2013, posting in response to questions Pure Energy Blog, Heins provided an explanation of his claims, stating that: "A generator that requires a 1 Watt increase in mechanical drive shaft power to deliver 1 Watt of electrical power to a load would be 100% efficient. A generator that delivers 0.95 Watts with a 1 Watt increase in mechanical drive shaft power from no-load to on-load would be 95% efficient."

References

External links

Videos by Thane C Heins Inventor posted on YouTube
 http://www.sciscoop.com/perepiteia.pdf
Out of Their Minds - Episode 5 - Thane Heins, CBC Radio,  July 26, 2011.

Perpetual motion
Discovery and invention controversies
Controversies in Canada

Perepiteia


Alien is a 1979 British-American science fiction–horror movie directed by Ridley Scott. It is called a science fiction movie because the story takes place in outer space, and there are alien creatures.  The movie's title refers to a highly aggressive (angry) and intelligent extraterrestrial (alien creature) that attacks and kills the crew of the spaceship Nostromo. The movie stars Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley, Tom Skerritt as Captain Dallas, and Ian Holm as Ash.

The extraterrestrials in the movies are usually called Xenomorphs.

Alien was a box office success (it made a lot of money). It led to a successful Hollywood franchise of books, video games, merchandise, and three official sequels (follow-ups). Along with launching the career of actress Sigourney Weaver, the movie is credited as being the first action movie to have a strong female heroine.

There are three sequels to this movie: Aliens (1986), Alien³ (1992), Alien: Resurrection (1997), and a cross-overs: Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007).

The famous tagline (slogan) for the movie was: In space no one can hear you scream.

Other websites

 Executive producer Ron Shusett on making Alien - video interviews and transcript

1979 horror movies

1970s English-language movies
1979 science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
Alien movies
American monster movies
British science fiction movies
British horror movies
Movies set on fictional planets
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Movies directed by Ridley Scott
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
Saturn Award winning movies

Alien (movie)


Madhavrao Khanderao Bagal (28 May 1895 – 6 March 1986), also called Bhai Madhavrao Bagal, was a noted writer, artist, journalist, social reformer, political activist, orator and freedom fighter from Kolhapur.

Early life
He was born on 28 May 1895 in Kolhapur to Khanderao Bagal.

His father Khanderao Bagal was a renowned pleader, tehsildar and also a social reformer. Khanderao was a leader of Satyashodhak Samaj and editor of a newspaper named "Hunter" and hence was also known as "Hunterkar".

He received his early education at the Rajaram High School, Kolhapur and later completed painting, modelling and mural decoration courses from J. J. School of Art, Bombay.

Painter
Madhavrao Bagal, created his own style of painting with expressing light and shade through minimal colors. The environment created in his painting is beautiful. He has written two books namely Artists of Kolhapur and Art and Artists that talk about art and artists in Kolhapur.

Social reformer
As a social reformer, he worked for up-liftment of Dalits and advocated
they be allowed right to visit temple and mingling with other castes. His father was staunch Satyashodhak and Madhavrao followed his footsteps and way back in 1927, he declared that Satyashodhaks should become Socialists.

Political activist
As a political activist he founded Praja Parishad in Kolhapur State in 1939 and took efforts of awaken farmers of Kolhapur and raise their voice against unjust revenues by way of agitation, in which his chief companion was Ratnappa Kumbhar and others.

In 1941, when local self-government was instituted in erstwhile Princely State of Kolhapur, the Kolhapur Municipal Corporation was put under control board of three persons — Madhavrao Bagal, Govindrao Korgaonkar and Ratnappa Kumbhar.

Freedom fighter
He was among the front runner leaders, who spearheaded the agitation for independence of India and especially merger of Kolhapur State into the Union of India. He was arrested with several of his compatriots  like Ratnappa Kumbhar, Dinakara Desai, Nanasaheb Jagadale, R. D. Minche and others. He joined Indian National Congress in mid-1930s, disillusioned by pro-British politics played by older leaders of peasants movement like Bhaskarrao Jadhav, with whom Madhavrao had started agricultural co-operative societies in Kolhapur and adjoining regions. During 1940-47, he was closely working with leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru.

After independence
He was one of the front-runner leaders from Dhangar ( Maratha )community, who  jointly formed Peasants and Workers Party in year 1947 with other former congressman such as  Keshavrao Jedhe of Pune, Shankarrao More of Pune, Kakasaheb Wagh of Nasik, Nana Patil of Satara, Tulsidas Jadhav of Solapur, Dajiba Desai of Belgaum,  P K Bhapkar and Datta Deshmukh of Ahmadnagar, Vithalrao Hande and others.

Writer
He is author of about 30-35 books some of which are Kalāvihāra (1966), Bahujanasamājāce śilpakāra (1966),  Jīvana saṅgrāma; agara, siṃhāvalokana (1970), Sahavāsāntūna (1970),  Bhāī Mādhavarāvajī, nivaḍaka lekhasaṅgraha (1998).

Death
He died in 6th March1986.

Memorials
The following institutions have been named after his as memorials:-
Madhavraoji Bagal Vidhyapeeth, Kolhapur is a University named after him.
Bhai Madhavrao Bagal Kanya Prashala, Village Kabwada, Kolhapur District.
Bhai Madhavrao Bagal Award is  instituted by the Madhavraoji Bagal Vidhyapeeth, Kolhapur, which is given every year to  an individual for outstanding contribution to the society.

Further reading

References

1895 births
1986 deaths
People from Kolhapur
Indian civil rights activists
Indian socialists
Indian male painters
Indian independence activists from Maharashtra
Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra
Prisoners and detainees of British India
Marathi-language writers
Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art alumni
Indian political party founders
Satyashodhak Samaj
Indian male journalists
Peasants and Workers Party of India politicians
Gandhians
English-language writers from India
20th-century Indian painters
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work
Marathi politicians
20th-century Indian journalists
20th-century Indian educators
Journalists from Maharashtra
Social workers from Maharashtra

Madhavrao Bagal


The Cello Sonata in C major, Op. 119, was composed by Sergei Prokofiev in 1949. The year before, Prokofiev was accused of formalism by the Zhdanov Decree and much of his music was banned. However, he continued to compose music, though he was not sure if his new works would ever be performed in public.

In 1949, Prokofiev attended a concert in which Mstislav Rostropovich performed Nikolai Miaskovsky's Cello Sonata No. 2 in A minor, Op. 81. Prokofiev was so impressed by Rostropovich's performance that he was determined to write a cello sonata for him. At the same time, Prokofiev wrote the symphonic suite Winter Bonfire, Op. 122, the ballet The Tale of the Stone Flower, Op. 118, and the Pushkin Waltzes, Op. 120. The Cello Sonata was published in Moscow in 1951.

Structure

The sonata is structured in three movements:

 Andante grave (C major)
 Moderato (F major)
 Allegro, ma non troppo (C major)

A typical performance lasts for about 25 minutes.

Performance

The work was premiered on 1 March 1950, in the Small Hall of the Moscow Conservatory with Rostropovich and pianist Sviatoslav Richter. In his memoirs Richter wrote:

We gave the first performance of Prokofiev's Cello Sonata. Before playing it in concert, we had to perform it at the Composer's Union, where these gentlemen decided the fate of all new works. During this period more than any other, they needed to work out whether Prokofiev had produced a new masterpiece or, conversely, a piece that was 'hostile to the spirit of the people.' Three months later, we had to play it again at a plenary session of all the composers who sat on the Radio Committee, and it wasn't until the following year that we were able to perform it in public, in the Small Hall of the Moscow Conservatory on March 1, 1950.

In his diary Miaskovsky hailed the occasion: "Yesterday Rostropovich and Richter openly played the Cello Sonata by Prokofiev in concert - a miraculous piece of music!"

Notes

External links

 Prokofiev: Cello Sonata in C major, Opus 119 (1949).
 Video - Prokofiev Cello Sonata - mvt 1 (10:56).
 Video - Prokofiev Cello Sonata - mvt 2 (04:56).
 Video - Prokofiev Cello Sonata - mvt 3 (09:00).

Chamber music by Sergei Prokofiev
Prokofiev
1949 compositions
Compositions in C major

Cello Sonata (Prokofiev)


Kenneth O. Bjork (19 July 1909 – 11 August 1991) was an American professor, historian and author. He served as managing editor for publications at the Norwegian-American Historical Association over a twenty-year period.

Background
Kenneth O. Bjork  was born in Enderlin, North Dakota. His parents were Theodore C. Bjork (1875–1944) and Martha Arneson (1883–1977). Both his parents had been the children of Norwegian immigrants.  His father's family had immigrated from Kaupanger in Sogn and his mother's family from Grue in Solør. Kenneth O. Bjork grew up in Enderlin, a small town where his father ran the hardware store. At home, he learned to speak Bokmål, the more common of the two principal Norwegian language dialects.

Bjork graduated from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota in 1930, with history majors. He continued his studies at University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin. His took study tours in Europe from 1934 to 1935. In 1935 he obtained his PhD degree on a thesis on Anglo-German  diplomatic relations in the Bismarck era.

Career
From 1935-37, he was a professor of history at the University of Montana in Havre, Montana. In 1937 he was employed at St. Olaf College, where he became professor in 1944 and taught European history until his retirement in 1974. During a two-year sabbatical from 1965 to 1967 he went to Kenya as the Senior Representative for the Rockefeller Foundation. His mission there was to help the University College, Nairobi, establish its Humanities Division. He planned and supervised the efforts of a staff of ten (teachers and administrators from the U.S.) and taught as a professor at the University of East Africa in Nairobi, Kenya. During this period he also steeped himself in African history, qualifying his ability to teach it upon his return to St. Olaf, establishing a precedent in the department that he also chaired for 25 years.

He served as managing editor for publications of the Norwegian-American Historical Association between the years 1960-80.

In 1947 Bjork released Saga in Steel and Concrete, a pioneering work in the study of the migration that brought Norwegian born engineers and architects to America and participation in the country's economic growth. In 1958 he published West of the Great Divide, a reinterpretation of the internal migration patterns, which show a continuous movement of people from older settlements in the Midwest to new settlement areas further west, motivated by the same motives which had led to departure from their home country.

He was made a Knight First Class in the Order of St. Olav in 1962. In 1976, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oslo. The Kenneth O. Bjork Distinguished Professor chair was established at St. Olaf College in 2006.

Selected works
Saga in Steel and Concrete; Norwegian Engineers in America (Northfield, MN: 1947)
 West of the Great Divide: Norwegian Migration to the Pacific Coast, 1847-1893  (Northfield, MN:  1958)

References

Other sources
Lovoll, Odd S.  (1976) Kenneth O. Bjork Honorary (Norse Federation No. 6)
Hustvedt, Lloyd (2001) Makers of an American Immigrant Legacy: Essays in Honor of  Kenneth O. Bjork (Norwegian-American Historical Association)

1909 births
1991 deaths
St. Olaf College alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
American people of Norwegian descent
People from Northfield, Minnesota
People from Enderlin, North Dakota
Writers from North Dakota
Writers from Minnesota
St. Olaf College faculty
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers

Kenneth O. Bjork


Lahore Development Authority (LDA) is responsible for new planned development in Lahore, Pakistan. It also regulates and issues permits for new construction and housing projects, private houses, and commercial development. It also manages Lahore's parks and green areas.

Its website states that it plans on making Lahore "one of the thirty leading educational, cultural, commercial, industrial, and information technology centres of the world by 2020".

History
The Provincial Assembly of Punjab established the Lahore Development Authority under the LDA Act of 1975. It had previously been called the "Lahore Improvement Trust".

On 9 May 2013, five days after International Firefighters' Day, the LDA Plaza building in central Lahore caught fire, killing 25 people. The fire started on the seventh floor, and media coverage revealed people jumping out of the building to their death. The fire highlighted the irrelevance of fire safety regulations, considering the fact that the very agency whose responsibility it is to ensure compliance with fire safety regulation; the 35-year-old building's staircases were poorly designed and hampered rescue efforts. The fire was finally extinguished after 20 hours.

Structure
It has three main wings:
 Urban Development Wing
 Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA)
 Traffic Engineering Planning Agency (TEPA)

The LDA Board of Governors is chaired by the Zila Nazim of the Lahore City District. Its members include the following:
 Director General of the Authority
Town Nazims of all the Towns of Lahore City District
District Coordination Officer of Lahore City District
 Representative of the Planning and Development Board Punjab not below the rank of Additional Secretary/Deputy Secretary
 Representative of the Finance Department not below the rank of Additional Secretary/Deputy Secretary
 Representative of the Housing Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department not below the rank of Additional Secretary/Deputy Secretary
 Representative of the Local Government and Rural Development Department not below the rank of Additional Secretary/Deputy Secretary
 All the Heads of the Agencies established by the Authority (M.D. WASA & M.D. TEPA)

Number of Employees
In Lahore Development Authority (U.D Wing), there are 1990 Employees in total out of which 567 have been declared as officers (Scale 16 & above) whereas 1423 fall under the category of officials (scale 1–15). There are 1622 pensioners in total. (As in November 2021).

See also
 Government of Punjab, Pakistan
 LDA City
 Lahore Metrobus
 Walk and Shop Arena

References

External links
 Official website

Organisations based in Lahore
1975 establishments in Pakistan
Government of Lahore
Urban development authorities
Government agencies of Punjab, Pakistan

Lahore Development Authority