Roland Bernard "Bunny" Berigan (November 2, 1908 – June 2, 1942) was an American jazz trumpeter and bandleader who rose to fame during the swing era. His career and influence were shortened by alcoholism, and ended with his early demise at the age of 33 from cirrhosis. Although he composed some jazz instrumentals such as "Chicken and Waffles" and "Blues", Berigan was best known for his virtuoso jazz trumpeting. His 1937 classic recording "I Can't Get Started" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1975.

Early life and career
Berigan was born in Hilbert, Wisconsin, the son of William Patrick Berigan and Mary Catherine (Mayme) Schlitzberg, and raised in Fox Lake. Having learned the violin and trumpet, Berigan started his career playing with local bands as a teenager, including the University of Wisconsin's jazz ensemble (although he never actually went to college). After first trying out for the Hal Kemp Orchestra and being rejected he joined the band in late 1929. His first recorded trumpet solos were with the orchestra, which toured England and a few other European countries in 1930. He also appeared as featured soloist with bands fronted by Rudy Vallee, Tommy Dorsey, Abe Lyman, Paul Whiteman and Benny Goodman.

Shortly after the Kemp orchestra returned to the U.S. in late 1930, Berigan, like fellow trumpeter Mannie Klein, the Dorsey Brothers and Artie Shaw, became a sought-after studio musician in New York. Fred Rich, Freddy Martin and Ben Selvin sought his services for record dates. He joined the staff of CBS radio network musicians in early 1931. Berigan recorded his first vocal, "At Your Command", with Rich that year. From late 1932 through early 1934, Berigan was a member of Paul Whiteman's orchestra, before playing with Abe Lyman's band briefly in 1934.

He returned to freelancing in the New York recording studios and working on staff at CBS radio in 1934. He recorded as a sideman on hundreds of commercial records, most notably with the Dorsey Brothers and on Glenn Miller's earliest recording as a leader in 1935, playing on "Solo Hop". At the same time, Berigan joined Benny Goodman's Swing Band. Jazz talent scout and producer John H. Hammond, who also became Goodman's brother-in-law, later wrote that he helped persuade Gene Krupa to re-join Goodman, with whom he had had an earlier falling-out, by mentioning that Berigan, whom Krupa admired, was already committed to the new ensemble. With Berigan and Krupa both on board, the Goodman band made the tour that ended at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles, the performance often credited with the launch of the swing era.  Berigan recorded a number of solos while with Goodman, including "King Porter Stomp", "Sometimes I'm Happy", and "Blue Skies".

Fame
Berigan left Goodman to return again to freelancing as a recording and radio musician in Manhattan. During this time (late 1935 and throughout 1936), he began to record regularly under his own name, and he continued to back singers such as Bing Crosby, Mildred Bailey, and Billie Holiday. He spent some time with Tommy Dorsey's orchestra in late 1936 and early 1937, working as a jazz soloist on Dorsey's radio program and on several records. His solo on the Dorsey hit recording "Marie" became one of his signature performances. In 1937, Berigan assembled a band to record and tour under his name, picking the then-little known Ira Gershwin–Vernon Duke composition "I Can't Get Started" as his theme song. He made three attempts to organize a band of his own, his last try meeting success, playing trumpet in nearly every number while directing the band. Berigan's trumpet work and vocal made his recorded performance of it for Victor the biggest hit of his career. Berigan modeled his trumpet style in part on Louis Armstrong's, and he often acknowledged Armstrong as his idol. Still, his trumpet sound and jazz ideas were unique, earning Armstrong's praise both before and after Berigan's death.

Bandleader
Berigan led his own band full-time from early 1937 until June 1942, with a six-month hiatus in 1940 as a sideman in Tommy Dorsey's band. A series of misfortunes and Berigan's alcoholism worked against his financial success as a bandleader. Berigan also began an affair with singer Lee Wiley in 1936, which lasted into 1940. The stresses of bandleading drove Berigan to drink even more heavily. Among the players who worked in the Berigan band were: drummers Buddy Rich, Dave Tough, George Wettling, Johnny Blowers and Jack Sperling; alto saxophonists and clarinetists Gus Bivona, Joe Dixon and Andy Fitzgerald; vocalists Danny Richards, Ruth Bradley and Kathleen Lane; pianist Joe Bushkin; trombonist and arranger Ray Conniff; trombonist Sonny Lee; bassists Hank Wayland and Morty Stulmaker; trumpeters Carl Warwick, Steve Lipkins and Les Elgart; tenor saxophonists Georgie Auld and Don Lodice; and pianist and arranger Joe Lipman.

Berigan was regularly featured on CBS Radio's Saturday Night Swing Club broadcasts from 1936 into 1937. This network radio show helped further popularize jazz as the swing era reached its peak. For the balance of the 1930s, he sometimes appeared on this program as a guest.

In the late 1930s, Berigan's drinking and consequent health problems may have contributed to his band's chronic financial and booking difficulties.

Final years and death
Berigan's business troubles drove him to declare bankruptcy in 1939, and shortly after to join Tommy Dorsey as a featured jazz soloist. By September 1940, Berigan briefly led a new small group, but soon reorganized a touring big band. Berigan led moderately successful big bands from the fall of 1940 into early 1942, and was on the comeback trail when his health declined alarmingly. On April 20, 1942, while on tour, Berigan was hospitalized with pneumonia in Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, until May 8. His doctors discovered that cirrhosis had severely damaged his liver. He was advised to stop drinking and stop playing the trumpet for an undetermined length of time. Berigan did not do either. He returned to his band on tour and played for a few weeks before he returned to the Van Cortlandt Hotel, on 49th Street, where he made his home in New York City and suffered a massive hemorrhage on May 31, 1942. He died two days later in Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital, New York, at age 33. Funeral services were conducted June 3 at Saint Malachy's Roman Catholic Church in New York. He was buried in St. Mary's Cemetery south of Fox Lake.

Legacy
In compliance with Berigan's wish, the band was kept intact under his name. Donna Berigan, his widow, maintained his financial interest in it. Tenor sax player Vido Musso became the leader.

In 1944, Victor Records released a compilation of Berigan's recordings as bandleader.

His 1937 recording of "I Can't Get Started" was used in the film Save the Tiger (1973), the Roman Polanski film Chinatown (1974), and a Martin Scorsese short film, The Big Shave (1967). Woody Allen has used Berigan's music occasionally in his films. In 2010, his Victor recording of "Heigh-Ho" was used on a Gap Inc. clothing TV commercial. Berigan's name has been used frequently in the comic strip Crankshaft.

Starting in 1974, Fox Lake, Wisconsin held an annual Bunny Berigan Jazz Jubilee originally organized by Berigan's daughter, Joyce Hansen, until she was incapacitated by Alzheimer's disease, and then by Julie Fleming. The final Jubilee was held in 2018. Most of Berigan's recordings are available, and two full-length biographies of him have been published.

Top compositions
Berigan's top compositions include "Chicken and waffles", released as Decca 18117 in 1935 as by Bunny's Blue Boys, and "Blues", released in 1935 as Decca 18116, also with the Blue Boys. (This 1935 session was produced by John H. Hammond at Decca for issue in the UK on Parlophone. The Decca releases were part of a four-pocket album set issued in the 1940s during the 1942–44 musicians' strike.)

Honors
In 1975, Berigan's 1937 recording "I Can't Get Started" on Victor (25728-A) was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Berigan was inducted in the ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame in 2008.

Personal life
Bunny's youngest daughter, Joyce "Jo," was born on April 22, 1936, and died on July 4, 2011. Her older sister, Patricia, was born in New York City on July 23, 1932, and died on December 8, 1998.

References

Further reading
 Mr. Trumpet...the Trials, Tribulations and Triumph of Bunny Berigan, by Michael P. Zirpolo, Scarecrow Press (2011).
 Bunny Berigan...Elusive Legend of Jazz, by Robert Dupuis, Louisiana State University Press, (1993).

External links
Bunny Berigan, Fox Lake's Own, historical materials from the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections

 Bunny Berigan Orchestra recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
Richard M. Sudhalter- The Complete Brunswick, Parlophone and Vocalion Bunny Berigan Sessions (Mosaic Records)

1908 births
1942 deaths
Swing trumpeters
Swing singers
Swing bandleaders
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American jazz singers
American jazz bandleaders
Big band bandleaders
RCA Victor artists
Vocalion Records artists
People from Calumet County, Wisconsin
People from Fox Lake, Wisconsin
Singers from Wisconsin
Benny Goodman Orchestra members
20th-century American singers
20th-century trumpeters
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Dorsey Brothers members
Biograph Records artists
Glenn Miller Orchestra members

Bunny Berigan


Shepard Coleman "Shep" Ginandes (born June 7, 1928) is an American medical practitioner, folk singer and song collector.

Ginandes was born in New York City and was educated at Harvard Medical School, graduating in 1951.  During the early 1950s, he worked as a US Army doctor, and traveled the world picking up folk songs, which he began performing in Boston.  His repertoire included songs in a wide range of languages including Welsh, French, German and Russian.

His first recordings, Songs Of Delinquency, were issued in 1952 on George Wein's Storyville label, and included a version of "Willie the Weeper", later covered by Dave Van Ronk.   In 1953, Ginandes released three 10-inch albums on Elektra Records – British Traditional Ballads in America, There was a Little Tree... American Folksongs for Children, and French Traditional Songs.    He released a further set of recordings on Elektra, Shep Ginandes Sings Folksongs, in 1958; the album included one of the earliest recordings of the traditional English folk song "Mattie Groves".  The 1958 recordings were apparently produced by Ginandes himself, and Tom Lehrer later credited Ginandes with advice on recording his own material.  In 1961, Ginandes released Dogwood Soup: Folksongs for Children on the Pathways of Sound label.

He did not record thereafter, turning to full-time practice as a child psychiatrist.  In 1968 he set up a non-residential program offering group psychotherapy and creative arts education for young people, in Concord, Massachusetts, and published two books, The School We Have (1968), and Coming Home: How Parents and Grown Children Can Confront Each Other More Openly (1976).  He later practised in Honolulu, Hawaii.   His registration allowing him to prescribe controlled substances was revoked in 2010 after he was convicted of distributing drugs including methadone and morphine not for a legitimate medical purpose.

References

1928 births
Living people
American folk singers
Elektra Records artists
20th-century American singers
American psychiatrists
Harvard Medical School alumni

Shep Ginandes


The Trump Death Clock started as a website, and was later presented in billboard form in Times Square, displaying a claim to the number of deaths attributable to U.S. President Donald Trump's inaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The clock was created by Eugene Jarecki. The billboard is on Broadway and West 43rd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The counter is based on the claim that had measures been implemented one week earlier, 60% of American COVID-19 deaths would have been avoided. On June 20, 2020, Eugene Jarecki drove a mobile version during the 2020 Trump Tulsa rally to ensure that Trump's supporters "[had] an opportunity to make an informed choice based on real numbers."

See also

National Debt Clock

References

External links

2020 works
Clocks in the United States
COVID-19 pandemic in New York City
Criticism of Donald Trump
Death in art
Death in New York City
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics
Presidency of Donald Trump
Symbols of New York City
Times Square
Works about Donald Trump

Trump Death Clock


AWQAF Africa (also known or referred to as AWQAF or The Awqaf) serves all countries of Africa: South, North, West, East, and other territorial geography of the continent including its islands in the Indian and Atlantic oceans and Mediterranean Sea, as well as the West Indies.  Awqaf Africa, from time to time, extends its works to all Muslims outside the continent - especially in the Muslim World.  Awqaf Africa carries out its projects in all parts of the world globalizing under the banner of Islam.

Origin
Awqaf Africa was founded, while studying Postgraduate Degrees in Damascus early 1990s by Sheikh Abu-Abdullah Adelabu, PhD (Damas), a West African Muslim scholar and cleric of Nigerian origin who is the international organization's first al Amir (i.e., president).

Nature and Activities
Awqaf Africa is an international organization which is incorporated in its structure with African Union Muslim working to relieve human suffering amongst the Muslims of Africa - in particular and as a primary objective - and around the world - as necessary.  The aim is projected for all nations of the continent, especially, their Muslim societies where each national society effectuates programmes of Awqaf Africa.  Relief, human dignity, and spiritual uplift remain main goals of the international body. Through education at its Awqaf Africa Muslim Open College in London, the organization seeks the causes of suffering, poverty, and Islamophobia and tries to eliminate them under the amiable banner of Islam.

Education
The organization says it projected the Open College with the aim of providing, particularly, Muslims of African origins with studies and qualifications that enable them to serve themselves and their Muslim communities.  Awqaf Africa's college offers its people an alternative means of learning with maximum flexibility, in order that they can build a program of studies that fits both their personal and community needs and adapt accordingly. Awqaf Africa gives priority to those who serve or intend to serve the Muslim communities through teachings and preachings or administration and career development.  Projects supported by Awqaf Africa include the Muslim portals EsinIslam.com and IslamAfrica.com.

Status
Awqaf Africa is an independent establishment with a firm principle to stay neutral and distance itself from exploitations by politicians, lobbies from prominent business, or affiliations with military struggles.  Awqaf Africa maintains Jihad or Struggling For The Cause of Islam is a faith as well as a duty, and therefore does not champion any struggling other than that of Islam.

References

Year of establishment missing

Islamic organisations based in the United Kingdom
Religion in Africa
Religious organizations established in the 1990s

AWQAF Africa


The Palace of the Kings of Majorca (French: Palais des Rois de Majorque, Catalan: Palau dels Reis de Mallorca), is a palace and a fortress with gardens overlooking the city of Perpignan in Pyrenees-Orientales, France.

History

The Kingdom of Majorca (1276-1349)
In 1276, King James II of Majorca made Perpignan the capital of the Kingdom of Majorca.  He started to build a palace with gardens on the hill of Puig del rey on the south of the town, the architects were Ramon Pau, Pons Descoll, and Bernat Quer with completion in 1309.

Ending the Western Schism
In 1415, the Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund of Luxemburg, organised a European summit in Perpignan, to convince the Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII to resign his office and take to an end the Western Schism through the Council of Constance. On 20 September 1415, the Emperor met with Pope Benedict XIII at the palace with the King Ferdinand I of Aragon and the delegations of the Counts of Foix, Provence, Savoy, Lorraine, the embassy of the Roman church for the Council of Constance, and embassies from the Kings of France, England, Hungary, Castille and Navarre. The pope refused to resign and to recognise the Pope that the Council had chosen, clashing with the emperor who left Perpignan on 5 November.

The Franco-Spanish wars
Part of the northern wing of the palace was destroyed in a siege in 1502.
Following the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, France gained Roussillon, and proceed to develop the defensive features of the palace.

The General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales bought the Palace and the gardens in 1958, to the Ministry of Defence who keeps the Vauban bastions and 19th century buildings and courts as a garrison.

Architecture
The Palace of the Kings of Majorca is a fortified Palace in the Gothic style. It is organised around three courtyards 60 m square. The first foremen on the site were Ramon Pau and especially Pons Descoyl, very active in Perpignan and the Baleares.

It has two chapels, one above the other: the lower is the Queen's Chapel, while the upper is Holy Cross with a pink marble door.

Here we have together in the "Great Hall", the seat of political power, the chapel and the royal residence. The position of the chapel in the heart the royal apartments, opposite the throne room, indicates the importance of the spiritual over the temporal. The plan of the palace was inspired by those of Majorca, and the chapel is like that of the earlier Sainte-Chapelle in Paris.

The walls, built with uncut stones and bricks bound with mortar, were coated with lime and painted.

Doors, corridors, stairs, armatures and the main towers are all made of cut stone: ochre stone from Les Fonts, Baixas Blue, Sandstone, Red Marble from Villefranche-de-Conflent, White and Blue Marble from Ceret.

Activities

Guitares au Palais
The Guitares au Palais, a free three-day guitar music festival, is held in the last weekend of August in the Palace and the gardens.

The festival's art director is Pedro Soler and opens the stage to an eclectic stream of guitar enthusiasts with performances in traditional acoustic guitar, flamenco, classical music, gypsy music, pop music and jazz.

International guests includes the Rosenberg Trio, Tekamali and Paco Ibáñez in 2004, Montserrat Figueras, Rolf Lislevand and Manolo Sanlucar in 2005, The National and Sergio Lopez in 2006, Caetano Veloso in 2007, and the Rumberos Catalans, Bernardo Sandoval, Peter Finger and Aaron and Bryce Dessner in 2008.

See also
 List of castles in France

Notes

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1309
Castles in Pyrénées-Orientales
Gardens in Pyrénées-Orientales
Historic house museums in Occitania (administrative region)
History of Catalonia
History of the Balearic Islands
Museums in Pyrénées-Orientales
Music festivals in France
Palaces in France
Perpignan
Perpignan
Monuments historiques of Pyrénées-Orientales

Palace of the Kings of Majorca


Los Chiripitifláuticos was a children's television program from Televisión Española that was broadcast in the evenings at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s.
Initially, Los Chiripitifláuticos was part of the children's show Antena Infantil, but was spun off into its own show because of its popularity. Among its characters were Locomotoro, Captain Tan, Valentina, Uncle Achilles, and the Malasombra Brothers. In 1970, when they had moved on to have their own program, the Locomotoro character was removed and the clown Poquito, Filetto, Capocomico and the boy Barullo added.

It was a popular series in Spain until the arrival of Los Payasos de la Tele in the early 1970s.

Characters

 Locomotive: Driver of everything, a "paletillo" with a beret, played by Paquino Cano, leaned his body forward with his feet flat on the ground. His sayings were "that makes me move my cheeks" (when he felt content) or "scratch that" (when he realised he was wrong), "hello buddies" (greeting), "all for one" (for himself), "one for all" (handing out candy), "one for you, one for me; one for you, two for me; one for you, three for me" (handing out other things). Greeting: "Good late afternoon!"
 Valentina: thin, wore big glasses, played by María del Carmen Goñi, was intelligent, sensible and audacious of the group. Greeting: "Hello, gentlemen guys."
 Captain Tan as a captain with his explorer pith helmet and striped shirt, was played by Felix Casas. At every opportunity, including during the characters' trips, he used the phrase: "In my travels across the length and breadth of this world..."
 Uncle Achilles, with thousands of nephews, an old man dressed in Tyrolean clothes, was played by Miguel Armario Bosch, represented prudence and was responsible for curbing the antics of other characters.
 Barullo: played by José Santiago Martinez, was the smallest, played by a black boy.
 Poquito: a clown played by Nicholas Romero.
 The Malasombra brothers, played by Luis González Páramo and Carlos Meneguini were two gunmen who were dressed in black, but when they became the brothers Buenasombra their costumes were white.
 Filetto Capocomico: Roberto Mosca played a character dressed in a Roman tunic, a laurel wreath and lyre, an opera lover. He was accompanied by a stuffed lion named Leocadius Augustus Tremebundus.
 Don Mandolio: a man dressed in black, owner of the Circus del Don Mandolio, who wanted to tame Leocadius and treated the clown Poquito badly.
 Secondary Characters: Osobusco, Aunt Rita

Songs

The Chiripitifláuticos popularized a number of songs, which were successful among Spanish children of the 60s and 70s: "El barquito chiquitito" (The Little Boat), "Los hermanos malasombra" (The Malasombra brothers), "La Vaca de Aravaca" (The Aravaca Cow), "Si quieres ser Capitan" (If you want to be Captain), and "El Reino del Revés" (The Backward Kingdom), sung respectively by all Chiripitifláuticos, the Malasombra Brothers, Locomotive, Captain Tan and Valentina.

References

External links

 The Chiripitiflauticos
 YouTube videos of Chiripitiflauticos
 Interview by Juan Ramon Plana with Maria Goni, in Spanish

Spanish children's television series
1960s Spanish television series
1970s Spanish television series
1966 Spanish television series debuts
1976 Spanish television series endings
RTVE shows

The Chiripitiflauticos


Colin Mackenzie Low, Baron Low of Dalston,  (born 23 September 1942) is a British politician, law scholar and member of the House of Lords.

Early life
Low was born in Edinburgh and has been blind since the age of three.  He was educated at what is now New College Worcester, at The Queen's College, Oxford (BA) and at Cambridge University (Diploma in Criminology).

Career
Low was a Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Leeds from 1968 until 1984 and later held a research post at City University London until 2000.

He is a vice-president of the RNIB and former chairman. He was also President of the European Blind Union (EBU) for 8 years from 2003. He is a board member of the Snowdon Trust, founded by the Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, which provides grants and scholarships for students with disabilities.

Low is the Immediate Past President of the International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment.

Honours
Low was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to the RNIB and disabled peoples' rights.  On 13 June 2006, he was created a life peer as Baron Low of Dalston, of Dalston in the London Borough of Hackney and he sits as a crossbencher.

In 2014 he was awarded the Liberty Human Rights 'Campaign of the Year Award'.  The citation reads: "for leading the campaign to ensure the protection of the Human Rights Act would apply to all residential care provided or arranged by local authorities. His victory forced the Government to accept the importance of guaranteeing human rights protections by demonstrating just how relevant those rights are for all."
The award was presented to Lord Low at the annual Human Rights Awards ceremony at Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, on 1 December 2014.

References

 House of Lords minutes
Lord Low's maiden speech

1942 births
Living people
Blind royalty and nobility
British royalty and nobility with disabilities
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People's peers
Blind politicians
Academics of the University of Leeds
Crossbench life peers
People from Dalston
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
British blind people
British politicians with disabilities

Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston


Sundbyvester () is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark.  It lies on the south border of the municipality on the island of Amager.  It covers an area of 5.21 km², has a population of 38,017 and a population density of 7,302 per km².

Neighboring city districts are as follows:
 to the northeast is Sundbyøster
 to the north is Christianshavn, separated from Syndbyvester by Stadsgraven (the city moat)
 to the west is Vestamager
 to the south is Tårnby municipality, which is outside of the Copenhagen municipality area

External links
 City of Copenhagen's statistical office

Copenhagen city districts

Sundbyvester


EIAJ-1 was a standard for video tape recorders (VTRs) developed by the Electronic Industries Association of Japan with the cooperation and assistance of  several Japanese electronics manufacturers in 1969.  It was the first standardized format for industrial/non-broadcast VTRs using a helical scan system employing open reel tape.  Previously, each manufacturer of machines in this market used a different proprietary format, with differing tape speeds, scanner drum diameters, bias frequencies, tracking head placement, and so on, although most used 1/2" wide tape.  As a result, video tapes recorded on one make and/or model of VTR could only be interchanged with other machines using that specific format, hampering compatibility.  For example, a reel of tape recorded on a Panasonic machine would not play on a Sony machine, and vice versa.  The EIAJ-1 standard ended this incompatibility, giving those manufacturers a standardized format, interchangeable with almost all VTRs subsequently brought to market around that time.  The format offered black-and-white video recording and playback on 1/2″ magnetic tape on a 7″ diameter open reel, with portable units using smaller 5″ diameter reels.

Uses

The EIAJ-1 standard paved the way for consumer oriented non-professional analog video recording technology to become more affordable and widespread, with many businesses, schools, government agencies, hospitals, and even some consumers adopting the format in the early 1970s.  Some of the first public-access television cable stations that started up around that time used EIAJ-1 equipment extensively, due to its portability, low cost, and versatility.  The original Sony Portapak, model CV-2000, used a proprietary format, but was later superseded by an EIAJ-1 compatible version, the AV-3400.

Variations

When EIAJ-1 was standardized, no videocassette recorders had yet been introduced. One of the main drawbacks to the format was the need to carefully thread the end of the tape around the head drum, through a gap between the capstan and pinch roller, and around a variety of guides and tensioners. If the user made any errors in doing this, the machine would malfunction and the tape could become damaged. So, another version, EIAJ-2, was released later on that used a single-reel cartridge (with the take-up reel being built into the VTR) instead of an open take up reel. Otherwise, the recording specifications were exactly the same.

Successors

By 1971, Sony introduced the first successful videocassette system, the U-matic format. The U-Matic system offered many advantages over EIAJ-1, including color recording as standard, stereo sound, and automatic tape threading.  However, EIAJ-1 equipment remained in use for some years as it was less expensive than U-Matic machines or tape, EIAJ-1 equipment was lighter and more compact, and portable battery operated EIAJ-1 machines with companion video cameras were already available (such as the AV-3400, mentioned above). It was not until the mid-1970s, that portable U-Matic machines and compatible portable color cameras were introduced.

Neither the EIAJ-1 nor the U-Matic format were ever used in a camcorder (one piece) camera recorder unit, because of the size and weight of the mechanism involved. The recorder and camera were always separate units, connected by a multi conductor cable (typically a CCJ cable). The advent of the camcorder did not occur until the introduction of smaller, lighter cassette formats, such as Betamax and VHS.

References

External links
 Information & specifications on EIAJ-1
 DC Video 1/2 VTR page

 Information & specifications on Sony EIAJ-1
 Experimental Television Center - Panasonic 1/2" specs
 Experimental Television Center - Sony AV-3400 Portapak
 Sony CV Series Video information

Television technology
Television terminology
Video storage
Audiovisual introductions in 1969
Discontinued media formats

EIAJ-1


Disneyana is a term for a wide variety of collectible toys, books, animation cels, theme-park souvenirs, ephemera and other items produced and/or licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Examples range from products featuring virtually every Disney character—such as Mickey Mouse, Tinker Bell and others—to vintage stock certificates and company checks bearing the signature of Walt Disney.

The Art Corner was a retail store that operated at Disneyland from 1955 until 1966 which sold souvenirs and Disneyana items. The Walt Disney Company subsequently opened "Disneyana Shops" on Main Street, U.S.A. at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World. High end collectible paintings, prints and figurines can now be found at The Disney Gallery and "Art of Disney Parks" stores.

The ranks of Disneyana enthusiasts grew exponentially throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Today collectors can find Disneyana items for sale through a variety of online auction sites, at regional and international comic shows and other collector events. The "Official Disneyana Convention" and Disney D23 Expo are examples of events produced by the Disney Company that prominently feature collectible items. The company produces many other specialty themed events at their parks and resorts that cater to Disneyana collectors.

Disneyana Fan Club
The Disneyana Fan Club established in 1984 is the oldest existing Disney fan or collector's club.  The club identifies itself as "a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and sharing the rich legacy of Walt Disney. Our common goal is to provide Disneyana enthusiasts of all ages from around the world with news, information, and events that enhance their experience with, and love of, all things Disney." This club has nearly 30 chapters in the United States, Canada, Japan and Australia. They have produced their own conventions and gatherings for over 25 years which pre-date collector events produced by the Disney company.

Presence on eBay
The online auction company eBay lists Disneyana as a specific category of collectibles.

History
While used informally among collectors in the 1960s and 1970s, the term was brought to prominence with the publication of Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles by Cecil Munsey in 1974 (Hawthorn Books Inc.) The term Disneyana is not trademarked.

References

External links
 Disneyana Fan Club (Official Website)
 Collecting Dreams from Disney News
 Disneyana.com :: A Celebration of Magic!
 Disneyana.co.uk UK Disneyana Information

See also
 Disney adult
 Disney pin trading
 Disney Vinylmation
 Disney Tsum Tsum

Collecting
Disney jargon
Disney merchandise
Memorabilia
Disney fandom

Disneyana


The  (), variously known in several languages as makuta, mahkota, magaik, mokot, mongkut or chada (see  below), is a type of headdress used as crowns in the Southeast Asian monarchies of today's Cambodia and Thailand, and historically in Java and Bali (Indonesia), Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Laos and Myanmar. They are also used in classical court dances in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and  Thailand; such as khol, khon, the various forms of lakhon, as well as wayang wong dance drama. They feature a tall pointed shape, are made of gold or a substitute, and are usually decorated with gemstones. As a symbol of kingship, they are featured in the royal regalia of both Cambodia and Thailand.

Etymology and origins

The crown, in its various forms, originated as headdresses symbolizing the , the matted hair of an ascetic formed into the shape of a crown, often found in the iconography of Shiva and Avalokiteśvara.
By the turn of the 1st millennia, Hindu-Buddhists of Dharmic civilization emanating from the Indian subcontinent were absorbed and adopted by Indianized Kingdoms in Southeast Asia; from Mekong delta to coastal central Vietnam, from Java to Sumatra and Malay peninsula. Subsequently, the Sanskritization took place in Southeast Asia, hand in hand with the adoption of the Hindu-Buddhist concept of kingship. Numbers of Sanskrit terms find their way into local languages in the region. The Pali/ Sanskrit word  was faithfully adopted as makuta within Javanese and Balinese language to describe royal crown, and rendered as Jawi: مهکوتا and mahkota in Malay and Indonesian. The Khmer mokot (), Burmese magaik () and Thai mongkut () are derived from the same word too. While the Thai chada () is derived from Pali/Sanskrit .

Variants

Cambodia

There are many types of mokot used in Cambodian tradition throughout its history. Most of mokot used for the Hindu deities and kings who embraced Hinduism represented Mount Meru or Prang whereas for Buddhists, mokot is taller with single-spire presenting chedi (Buddhist stupa). In Royal Ballet of Cambodia, the crown worn by a male royal character of the highest rank is called a mokot ksat and a mokot ksatrey for female characters.

Indonesia
Indonesia, especially Sumatra, Java, and Bali has adopted the Hindu-Buddhist concept of kingship as early as the 4th century CE. Thus the term makuta is loaned into Kawi language or Old Javanese that subsequently become the ancestor of modern Javanese and Balinese languages. In Sumatra, the Old Malay term also adopted makuta and in turn render to mahkota in modern Malay and Indonesian languages. The typical classical Javanese Hindu-Buddhist jatamakuta is evident in numbers of statues and bas-reliefs of 9th century candis in Java, such as Mendut, Borobudur and Prambanan. The Javanese makuta model is more faithfully modeled after the classic Indian crown, which consists of jamang or siger diadem or tiara worn on the forehead encircling the head, while the hair is arranged in a high bun, decorated with a golden ring securing the hair bun, and several golden ornaments.

The Javanese makuta crown is now used in traditional Wayang wong dance-drama performance. Balinese crown was also modeled after the crown of the Javanese style. The Makuta Binokasih Sanghyang Pake is the golden crown of classic Javanese makuta style, originally the crown of Sunda Kingdom and has become the regalia of Sumedang Larang kingdom. The royal crown of Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate was designed in the classical Javanese style, which resembles a king's crown in the Wayang wong (Wayang orang) performance in Java.

Malaysia
In Malaysia, the makuta crown is used in traditional Menora dance-drama, which is performed mainly in the northern states of Malaysia. The main Menora character, also known as the Menora, wore a makuta, a kind of high crown made of soft metal. In Malay, this kind of crown is called kecopong instead of the usual Malay word for crowns, mahkota. This makuta has 16 vertically rounded corners, with pom-poms, as well as pointed ears and decorative earrings.

Myanmar
In pre-colonial Burmese kingdoms, the magaik was one of the five articles of regalia used during coronation ceremonies. The magaik also crowns prominent images of the Buddha. The magaik form of the hti, an umbrella that crowns Burmese pagodas, has nine tiers. In modern-day Myanmar, the magaik is worn by dancers when performing classical forms of Burmese dance.

Thailand
In Thailand, the headdress is known by two names: chada and mongkut, and feature a distinctive tall, pointed shape, which was probably acquired from the lomphok, a pointed cloth headdress of Persian origin, during the Ayutthaya period. In the Thai classical dance traditions of khon and the various forms of lakhon, the chada is worn by male characters of royal status, while the mongkut is worn by females. There are many variants of chada and mongkut, reflecting the status of the wearer as well as the occasion. As a symbol of divinity, the mongkut often appears in the iconography of the Buddha and in artistic depictions of devata (divine beings). As a symbol of kingship, the Great Crown of Victory (Phra Maha Phichai Mongkut) forms part of the Regalia of Thailand.

Other traditions
Similar crowns are occasionally worn in the Champa apsara traditions dance, and are occasionally worn as part of festival garb.

See also

 Tengkolok
 Salakot

Gallery

References

Crowns (headgear)
Cambodian clothing
Burmese headgear
Malay clothing
Thai headgear

Makuṭa


More Sideways Arithmetic From Wayside School is a children's novel by Louis Sachar in the Wayside School series.  Like Sideways Arithmetic From Wayside School before it, the book resembles more like a puzzle book with a Wayside theme than a novel about Wayside.  According to the book's introduction, it was created as a response to Sideways Arithmetic after receiving complaints by students and teachers over the inclusion of the logic puzzles in the story.

Like its predecessor, More Sideways Arithmetic is organized into 15 chapters, each of which features a number of mathematical and logical puzzles, with 58 puzzles in the book.  In addition to the hints (partial solutions) and answers provided, More Sideways Arithmetic also includes "clues" (not present in Sideways Arithmetic), which aid the reader in solving the various logical puzzles.

Plot
In the first chapter, Allison invites Jason, Stephen and all the girls in class to her birthday party. She says when two or more boys are together, they start acting really silly. This is proven when Joe and John come by and indeed act silly, they don't admit it until Mrs. Jewls writes the situation as an arithmetic problem (boys + boys = silly). The girls are excited about this, until they are told that the same thing goes for girls. The next chapter simply involves Mrs. Jewls being unable to say bras because it's "crass". After that, Sue gets a new dog called Fangs, Calvin saying the dog sounds mean. When presented, Mrs. Jewls uses arithmetic (good + dog = fangs) to prove that Fangs the dog is nice. Next, some of the boys complain about them being too hot, saying "too" more times the hotter they are. Later, Miss Worm, the teacher who teaches on the story just below Mrs. Jewls's, complains about the excitementic arithmetic is causing in the class. Miss Worm is basically what Sue was like in the last arithmetic book. Later, Mrs. Jewls announces there will be a pop quiz next week. She won't tell the day, but they'll know when she tells them to take out their pencils. Todd then says that if she doesn't tell them on Thursday, they'll know the quiz will be on Friday. The other students play along with the other days, in a variation of the unexpected hanging paradox until Mrs. Jewls tells them to forget the whole thing. Then, the school flagpole was struck by lightning. So Mrs. Jewls's class makes a vote on which should be the new size. Unfortunately, the kids keep wanting more votes with the second most votes, something like a tetherball game. Ultimately, Kathy is always on the side that wins, so her size gets to be the size of the new flagpole.

Novels by Louis Sachar
Wayside School
1994 children's books
Puzzle books
Novels set in elementary and primary schools

More Sideways Arithmetic from Wayside School


The 1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the 16th annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Belmont Plaza Pool in Long Beach, California during December 1984.

California defeated Stanford in the final, 9–8, to win their sixth national title. Coached by Pete Cutino, the Golden Bears finished the season 26–4–1.

Mike Grier (Pepperdine) was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. An All-Tournament Team, consisting of seven players, was also named.

The tournament's leading scorers were Alan Gresham (California) and Charlie Harris (USC), with 11 goals each.

Qualification
Since there has only ever been one single national championship for water polo, all NCAA men's water polo programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of 8 teams were invited to contest this championship.

Bracket
Site: Belmont Plaza Pool, Long Beach, California

All-tournament team
Mike Grier, Pepperdine (Most outstanding player)
Shaun Cleary, California
Eric Davidson, USC
Alan Gresham, California
Charlie Harris, USC
Craig Klass, Stanford
Mike Spicer, USC

See also
 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship

References

1984 in American sports
1984 in water polo
1984 in sports in California
December 1984 sports events in the United States
1984

1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship


The 1910 Cuba Hurricane was one of the worst tropical cyclones that has ever hit Cuba. The storm formed in the southern Caribbean Sea on October 9, 1910. It grew stronger as it moved northwest. It then made landfall on the western end of Cuba. The storm made a loop over open water, and then began moving towards the United States. After crossing Florida, the storm moved near the rest of the southeastern United States and passed out to sea.

Because of the storm's loop, some reports said it was actually two hurricanes. In Cuba, the storm was one of the worst disasters in the island's history. There was bad damage and thousands of people lost their homes. In Florida, the storm also caused damage and caused flooding in some areas. It is not known exactly how much damage the storm caused. However, losses in Havana, Cuba were over $1 million. At least 100 people died in Cuba alone.

Meteorological history

On October 9, a type of storm called a tropical depression began in the southern Caribbean Sea. It was north of Panama. The storm grew stronger while it moved toward the northwest. It became a tropical storm on October 11. On October 12, it became a hurricane. The next day, the storm was seen to the southwest of Cuba. For a short time, it was a Category 3 hurricane measured on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm then hit western Cuba and crossed the island. It moved over the Gulf of Mexico and slowed down.

The hurricane was steered, or moved, by an area of high pressure (a type of weather system) to the north. Over warm water in the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane quickly grew stronger. It then moved in a small circle, and on October 16, it reached its highest power. It had winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). The hurricane turned to the northeast and again hit western Cuba. It began to move near the Florida Panhandle on October 17. The storm hit Cape Romano, and moved to the north. Now over land, the hurricane became weaker. After crossing Florida, it curved to the northeast and entered the Atlantic Ocean. The storm probably died out on October 23.

The storm was unusual because it was first thought to be two different hurricanes. This is because of the loop it made in the Gulf of Mexico. One paper reported that the first hurricane died in the central Gulf of Mexico; the second hurricane formed and hit Florida. The storm's path was debated, and it was later found to be a single cyclone.

Impact
On October 15, all ships in a  area around Key West were warned of the storm. Many ships stayed in harbors. Storm warnings were also put up.

Cuba

The storm caused bad damage in Cuba. It was considered one of the worst tropical cyclones on the island. Strong winds and a lot of rain caused flooding in streets, ruined crops (mostly tobacco), and damaged farms. The hurricane affected many towns, including Casilda. The town of Batabanó was left under water. The hurricane halted communication to other areas. Most of the deaths and damages were reported to be in the Pinar del Río Province.

The New York Times wrote that Cuba had "probably suffered the greatest material disaster in all its history". Thousands of peasants, or workers, lost their homes. The country's capital, Havana, also suffered bad damage. On the coast, many ships carrying valuable items sunk.  The storm also badly damaged goods kept on wharves. Tall waves crashed on land and caused flooding. Many boats were wrecked by the storm. The high waves flooded about  of Havana's coastal land.

At least 100 people were killed by the storm, mostly because of mudslides, including five people in Havana. However, some reports say the death toll was as high as 700. Damage caused by the storm cost millions of dollars. In Havana alone, $1 million in losses were reported.

Holliswood
A ship, the Holliswood, became stuck in the storm in the Gulf of Mexico. It left New Orleans on October 1 and was carrying cypress wood. The ship's crew fought the storm for days. The Holliswood was blown miles off its path. Its owner, Paul Mangold, said:

A steamboat called the Harold saw the ship and rescued all of the crew. However, Captain E. E. Walls said he wanted to stay behind. The Holliswood was badly damaged. The crew told the captain that the ship would be unable to float in five more hours. After the crew was rescued, Captain Walls struggled for days without food or fresh water. On October 20, another ship (the Parkwood) rescued Walls. He was unconscious, and thought to be dead. When he was on the Parkwood, he woke up, but was delirious. He asked to be put back on the Holliswood. Instead, the Parkwood pulled the damaged ship to land.

Florida
At Key West, Florida, winds blew at . Many docks were destroyed. Damage in the Florida Keys was worth around $250,000 (1910 USD, or $5.7 million in 2009 dollars), and houses near the ocean were damaged. Strong winds pushed water out of the Tampa Bay. High waves from the sea moved over land, and people had to hold onto trees to survive. Some citrus crops were destroyed. The wind tore the roofs off homes and shook buildings off their foundations.

Seven men died at Punta Gorda when some Cuban ships were wrecked. Near there, one man and a baby drowned, and another died trying to cross a flooded river. A French steamship, the Louisiane, crashed into land. There were 600 passengers on the ship. All people were rescued by another ship.

The hurricane blew down many pine trees near Jupiter, Florida. One man near Lemon City was killed by falling wood. However, the storm's effects on the east coast of Florida were not as bad as they were in other places. Part of the Florida East Coast Railroad was washed out. The storm blew an American ship aground at Boca Raton. Three people died, and the rest of the crew was stuck for 12 hours.

Related pages
Atlantic hurricane
List of hurricanes in Florida

Notes

References

1910 in North America
1910 in the United States
20th century in Cuba
1910s in Florida
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Disasters in the 1910s
Hurricanes in the United States

1910 Cuba hurricane


Mark C. Brickell is a trader in the derivatives industry..  He was a managing director at J.P. Morgan and served as chairman of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association from 1988 to 1992.

In 1989 and 1990 he was sent by JP Morgan to New Zealand to deal with the failure of Development Finance Corporation (DFC), which was a government-owned development bank.   He was tasked with unwinding their swaps portfolio, which resulted in the largest corporate finance advisory fee ever earned by JP Morgan at that time.

In 1993 he was a principal author of the influential Group of Thirty study "Derivatives: Practices and Principles", which suggested that internal risk controls and best practices at financial institutions, including mark to market, and not government regulation, would facilitate safe and efficient trading of derivatives by the financial industry.

In 1996 he served on the board of directors of the CME Depository Trust, an Illinois-based bank which was created for the purposes of moving collateral between banks.  This was a centralized collateral depository facility established by the CME.

In 1998 he was sent by JP Morgan to Korea to try and recover up to $700 million in defaulted swaps contracts from state-owned banks, and is reported to have recovered more than half of that money.

He worked at JP Morgan Securities for nearly 25 years, and was present when credit default swaps were first conceived at a bankers' retreat in Florida in 1994.

I've known people who worked on the Manhattan Project," says Mark Brickell, who at the time was a 40-year-old managing director at JPMorgan. "And for those of us on that trip, there was the same kind of feeling of being present at the creation of something incredibly important.

As a policy shaper and strategist for the derivatives industry, in 1994 Brickell led an effort to defeat legislation proposed by Congressman Jim Leach (R-IA) that would have regulated the OTC derivatives industry. Leach proposed the legislation after his staff produced a 900-page study on the market. Other members of the House of Representatives, including Henry B. Gonzalez and Edward Markey (D-MA), supported regulation of the derivatives industry.

In his book Infectious Greed, author Frank Partnoy, who was interviewed by "60 Minutes" in October 2008, recounts the battle over the 1994 legislation, which Brickell and the derivatives industry won.

In 1995, after Baring Brothers, one of England's largest and oldest merchant banks collapsed from the unbridled derivatives trading of a single trader, Brickell was interviewed by Charlie Rose on PBS Television. Brickell explained that Baring didn't have adequate internal controls in place.

In 1998 Brickell wrote a letter to Congress opposing derivatives regulations.

In 2003, President Bush nominated Mark Brickell to become the chief regulator at OHFEO (over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) when Armando Falcon resigned after releasing his prescient 2003 study on systemic GSE risk. Congress held hearings on his nomination (http://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/hearings/108s/95603.pdf), but it was subsequently withdrawn when opponents pointed out that Brickell had led the charge against regulation in the derivatives industry.

Brickell served as the CEO of Blackbird, a Charlotte, North Carolina-based company that enables real-time electronic trading of OTC derivatives of all types. He holds an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a B.A. from the University of Chicago. (Company website)

See also
OTC derivatives

References

 Newsweek, "The Monster That Ate Wall Street: How 'credit default swaps'—an insurance against bad loans—turned from a smart bet into a killer." http://www.newsweek.com/id/161199
 http://marketpipeline.blogspot.com/2008/06/derivative-thinking.html
 60 Minutes program dated October 26, 2008 on credit default swaps

Financial regulation in the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Chicago alumni
Harvard Business School alumni

Mark C. Brickell


The William Jewell Cardinals women's soccer team represents William Jewell College and competes in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) of NCAA Division II. Playing their home games at Greene Stadium on the campus of William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri.

History
Prior to the 2011 season the Cardinals competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) as a member of the Heart of America Athletic Conference (HAAC). In 2007 The university began the four year transition process to NCAA Division II. The Cardinals women's soccer team received bids to the NAIA National Soccer Championship Tournament in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010. In addition the Cardinals advanced to the NAIA National Final Four in 2003 and NAIA National Elite Eight in 2010. In 2011 the Cardinals will begin competing as a member of Division II in the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC).

Coaching staff
The Cardinals are coached by Jefferson Roblee. The Cardinals's staff also includes assistant coach Josh Howard and goalkeeper coach Brad Anderson.

All Americans
William Jewell has had eight NAIA All-American soccer players:
 Sarah Franklin (2010 3rd team, forward)
 Nicole Revenaugh, (2007 1st team, forward)
 Shanon Eberle (2007 2nd team, midfielder)
 Theresa Noll (2007 3rd team, defender)
 Allison Mallams, (2003 1st team, forward)
 Sydney Boggess (2003 2nd team, defender)
 Kristin Neher (2003 2nd team, forward)
 Kristin Neher (2001 2nd team, forward)

Academic All-American
William Jewell has had two NSCAA Academic All-American soccer players:
 Danielle Doerfler (2010, 3rd Team midfielder)
 Nicole Revenaugh (2007, 1st Team forward)

CoSIDA/ESPN THE MAGAZINE Academic All District
Midfielder, Danielle Doerfler became the program's first CoSIDA/ESPN The Magazine Academic All District award winniner in 2009 when she earned a spot on the 3rd Team.

See also
William Jewell College men's soccer

References

External links

Soccer clubs in Missouri

William Jewell Cardinals women's soccer


The Cupboard Was Bare (French: L'armoire volante) is a 1948 French comedy crime film directed by Carlo Rim and starring Fernandel, Pauline Carton and Annette Poivre. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emile Alex.

Synopsis
Alfred Puc's elderly and wealth aunt is travelling towards Paris on a furniture van when both she and the truck vanish. It turns out it has been stolen by thieves.

Cast
 Fernandel as Alfred Puc
 Berthe Bovy as Madame Lea Lobligeois
 Pauline Carton as 	Mme Ovide
 Annette Poivre as 	Mimi
 Germaine Kerjean as 	Madame Coufignac
 Marcel Pérès as 	Frejus
 Albert Dinan as 	P'tit Louis
 Maximilienne as 	La commandant e de l'armée du salut
 Paul Demange as Le Frise
 Louis Florencie as Le notaire
 Jean Toulout as 	L'acteur
 André Bervil as 	Le premier habitué
 Nina Myral as La première commère
 Jean Témerson as Le deuxième habitué
 Christiane Sertilange as 	La jeune mariée
 Jean Daurand as 	Le jeune marié
 Katherine Kath as L'actrice
 Gaston Modot as 	Un gangster
 Jacques Tarride as Le commissaire-priseur
 René Hell as Le régissseur
 Zélie Yzelle as La deuxième commère
 Luc Andrieux as Le troisième habitué
 Marcelle Monthil as 	La cliente
 Henri Charrett as Caillol
 Robert Pizani as 	Le médecin
 Edmond Beauchamp as 	Le commissaire
 Yves Deniaud as 	Monsieur Martinet
 Antonin Berval as Grand Charles
 Rivers Cadet as Boirot
 Palmyre Levasseur as Une actrice

References

Bibliography
 Rège, Philippe. Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

External links

1948 films
French comedy films
1948 comedy films
1940s French-language films
Films directed by Carlo Rim
French black-and-white films
1940s French films
Films shot at Boulogne Studios

The Cupboard Was Bare


The Strafford Village Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Strafford, Vermont, United States.  Founded in 1768, the village center was developed in the 1790s, and saw most of its growth before 1840, resulting in a fine assortment of predominantly Greek Revival buildings.  Notable exceptions include the 1799 meetinghouse, and the Justin Smith Morrill Homestead, a fine example of Gothic Revival architecture built by native son Justin Smith Morrill.  The district, centered on the town green at the junction of Morrill Highway and Brook Road, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Description and history
The town of Strafford was chartered in 1768 by Province of New Hampshire governor Benning Wentworth.  Its original town center was located north of the present one, which grew in importance because of the presence of the meetinghouse and the location of the turnpike (now Morrill Highway) between Montpelier, Vermont and Boston, Massachusetts.  The area was economically boosted in the 1820s by the discovery of copper ore in the surrounding hills, but declined after larger deposits were found in the American Midwest in the 1840s.

Strafford's village center is defined by a triangular green, formed by the Y-shaped junction of the Justin Morrill Smith Highway (running north-south) and Brook Road (running roughly northwest).   At the large northern end of the triangle stands the 1799 meetinghouse, a fine example of Federal period architecture externally, with late 19th-century interior decoration.  Facing the green and extending a short way beyond are a number of residences, typically one and two stories in height, and of wood construction with Greek Revival styling.  Near the southern end of the district stands the Morrill Homestead, a National Historic Landmark that is also a state historic site open to the public during the warmer months of the year.  Just north of the Morrill Homestead stands the town's present library, a 1915 Colonial Revival building.  Its first library building, built in the 19th century and located on the west side of the green, now houses town offices.  On the east side of the green, standing among residences, is the Greek Revival Union Church.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Vermont

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, Vermont
Greek Revival architecture in Vermont
Gothic Revival architecture in Vermont
Strafford, Vermont
Historic districts in Orange County, Vermont

Strafford Village Historic District


Frank Anthony Bruni (born October 31, 1964) is an American journalist and long-time writer for The New York Times. In June 2011, he was named an op-ed columnist for the newspaper. His columns appear twice weekly and he also writes a weekly newsletter. In April 2021, Times Opinion Editor Kathleen Kingsbury announced that Bruni would be stepping down from his role as a columnist and joining Duke University in June 2021 as Professor of the Practice of Journalism and Public Policy in the Sanford School of Public Policy. Since joining Duke, he has continued to write his Times newsletter and remains a contributing opinion writer for the newspaper.

One of his many previous posts for the newspaper was as its chief restaurant critic, from 2004 to 2009. He is the author of three bestselling books: Born Round, a memoir about his family's love of food and his own struggles with overeating;  Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be, about college admissions; and Ambling Into History, about George W. Bush.

Education
Bruni was educated at the Loomis Chaffee School, an independent boarding and day college preparatory school in Windsor, Connecticut, followed by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, from which he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1986 with a B.A. in English. He was a Morehead Scholar and wrote for the student paper, The Daily Tar Heel. He then attended Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism, from which he graduated second in his class with a master of science degree in journalism, and also won a Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship.

Life and career
After graduating from Columbia, Bruni joined the staff of the New York Post and then moved on to the Detroit Free Press, where he did a wide range of beats, including a stint covering the Persian Gulf War. He spent more than a year as the movie critic and also wrote extensively about LGBT issues and AIDS. In 1992, he was a runner-up for the Pulitzer Prize in feature writing for his profile of a convicted child molester. In 1995, Bruni took a job with The New York Times as a metropolitan reporter and often wrote for the Times Sunday magazine and for Sunday Arts & Leisure.

In 1998, he was assigned to the Washington, D.C., bureau, where he covered Capitol Hill and Congress, before being sent on the campaign trail to follow then-Texas Governor George W. Bush. He then covered the White House for the first eight months of the Bush administration and served as the Washington-based staff writer for the Sunday magazine. In July 2002, he was promoted to Rome bureau chief. Two years later, he became the Times restaurant critic. After more than five years in that position, he returned briefly to the magazine before becoming an op-ed columnist. In the spring of 2014, he taught a journalism seminar at Princeton University. In 2016, the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association gave him its Randy Shilts Award for his career-long contribution to LGBT Americans. He was previously awarded the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Newspaper Columnist in 2012 and 2013.

Bruni's book Ambling into History chronicles his time covering Bush's campaign. Born Round deals in part with his time as the Times restaurant critic and was named one of the best nonfiction books of 2009 by The New York Times, Publishers Weekly, The Washington Post and Amazon.com. In the Times Sunday Book Review, Dominique Browning raved that "the love with which Bruni writes about his family is breathtaking." Publishers Weekly deemed Born Round a "powerful, honest book about desire, shame, identity and self-image."

Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be was published by Grand Central Publishing, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group, in March 2015 and was reissued in an expanded, updated paperback a year later. In a review of it in The Washington Post, Wesleyan University President Michael Roth called it "a humane, measured book" with "lessons for a very wide audience indeed." In February 2017, Bruni released his first cookbook, written with his Times colleague Jennifer Steinhauer titled A Meatloaf in Every Oven. It includes recipes from such prominent chefs as Bobby Flay and April Bloomfield.

Bruni has also done extensive reporting on religion and is the author, with Elinor Burkett, of A Gospel of Shame: Children, Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. His freelance work has appeared in several magazines, including Conde Nast Traveler. Although he formalized a relationship with CNN in September 2017 and appears on its shows as a commentator about four times a week, he also appears occasionally on Real Time with Bill Maher, and has been a guest on late-night talk shows as well. He once served as a guest judge on Top Chef and appeared briefly in the movie Julie & Julia, which was written and directed by his friend Nora Ephron.

In February 2018, he published a long and unusually personal column for the Times about an affliction that, overnight, robbed him of functional vision in his right eye. He described the difficult adjustment to that and what it's like to live with the fear of his left eye being affected, too. His memoir, The Beauty of Dusk, published by Simon & Schuster, reflects further on the experience and discusses aging and physical limitations among Baby Boomers who once thought themselves invincible.

Bruni's last regularly scheduled opinion column for The New York Times appeared on June 17, 2021. and he was awarded the Thomas Wolfe Prize

Personal life
Bruni is openly gay. He has struggled with eating disorders, including bulimia. Bruni relocated from New York City's Upper West Side neighborhood to North Carolina in 2021.

Bibliography
 The Beauty of Dusk: On Vision Lost and Found, 2022
 A Meatloaf in Every Oven: Two Chatty Cooks, One Iconic Dish and Dozens of Recipes, 2017 with Jennifer Steinhauer Where You Go Is Not Who You'll Be: An Antidote to the College Admissions Mania, 2015
 Born Round: The Secret History of a Full-Time Eater, 2009
 *
 A Gospel of Shame: Children, Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church, 1993 with Elinor Burkett

See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City
 New Yorkers in journalism

 References

 External links
 articles by Frank Bruni  The New York Times''
 Author's website

1964 births
Living people
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Critics employed by The New York Times
American gay writers
The New York Times columnists
The New York Times writers
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
LGBT people from New York (state)
American LGBT journalists
Gay memoirists
Detroit Free Press people
American restaurant critics
American male non-fiction writers
Loomis Chaffee School alumni

Frank Bruni


Zernsdorf is a village in Dahme-Spreewald, Brandenburg, Germany.  Since 2003 it has been part of the city of Königs Wusterhausen.  The population is approximately 4,500.

Geography

Zernsdorf is situated south-east of Berlin, on the banks of three lakes.  The largest of these is the Krüpelsee, which is fed by the Dahme; the other two are the Lankensee and the Ukleisee.  The main part of Königs Wusterhausen lies about 5km to the west; the state capital, Potsdam, is about 40km to the north-west.

Administrative status

From 1965 to 2003 Zernsdorf was divided into three administrative districts: Zernsdorf, Uklei and Kablow-Ziegelei.

References

Villages in Brandenburg
Localities in Dahme-Spreewald

Zernsdorf


Ashton Gate is a suburb of Bristol, United Kingdom, in the Southville ward of Bristol City Council. A toll house at the western end of North Street still survives and indicates the origin of the area's name as a gate on the road to Ashton (now known as Long Ashton). Once part of the estate of the Smyth family of Ashton Court, the area had ironworks and collieries in the nineteenth century, also a tobacco factory and a brewery. There is still some manufacturing industry and retail parks and in 2003 the Bristol Beer Factory recommenced brewing in the former brewery site. Ashton Gate railway station closed in 1964.

Major attractions in the area include Ashton Gate stadium, the home of professional sports teams Bristol City (football) the Bristol Bears (rugby union), the shopping and leisure facilities of North Street, the Tobacco Factory theatre. Ashton Gate primary school serves the local preteen population.

Whitemead House multi-storey council flats on Duckmoor Road, which overlook the Ashton Gate stadium, are notable for being the exterior filming location of the tower block where Delboy and Rodney lived in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses; these flats were used as their home's exterior after 1988.

Nearby places

 Bedminster
 Bower Ashton
 Hotwells
 Ashton Vale

Notes

Areas of Bristol
Places formerly in Somerset

Ashton Gate, Bristol


Yury Kharchenko (Russian Юрий Харченко, born 1986 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian German artist. He lives and works in Berlin.

Life

Raised in Moscow and West Germany he took private art lessons by Ukrainian artist and Russian-language poet Vilen Barskyi. From 2004 - 2008 he studied at the famous Kunstakademie Düsseldorf by Markus Lüpertz and Siegfried Anzinger and graduated with master of fine arts and Diploma. From 2011 - 2012 he was in a PhD programme at the University of Potsdam and did a research about the art philosophy in postmodern times influenced by Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas.

His works are part of important museum collections like Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf, State Collection Düsseldorf, Kunst aus NRW Aachen and Felix Nussbaum Haus Osnabrück.

Work

Yury Kharchenko's works can make one forget that such a thing as pop art and post modernism ever existed. His pictures are completely free of cynicism, and there is nothing second-hand about them. His painting is not that of an epigone. They focus on the formal and emotional possibilities of painting. They are both non-representational - pure visual phenomena like sounds – and representational - simple shapes such as the houses,   which form the backbone of the cycle, or as the silhouettes of figures hidden in the thickets and scrub of the dark lattice structure of these pictorial spaces. Yury Kharchenko's paintings are delightful in their texture and their sense of color, stimulating the senses and arousing strong feelings in the viewer.

In order to endure the turbulence on this journey within the picture and to domesticate the overwhelming flood of free forms and fleeing forces, Kharchenko has provided his recent works with a frame. For this purpose he selects the archetype of a house in order to, as he says, "hold the painting together" with this shape. As Kharchenko says, "paintings must also take on shape." Thus, this superordinate structure is like a metaphorical roof which delimits and holds together the representation of painting and is not a painted representation of a house! This taming of an undirected drive by way of an organizing form reflects the duality of human nature, which Friedrich Nietzsche described with the principles of the Apollonian and Dionysian. Accordingly, the Apollonian strives for form and shape, while the Dionysian follows the intoxication and the creative drive that breaks all form.  By using the house, although a symbol of protection and security, Kharchenko does not attempt to abolish this conflict, which is inherent in any creative work, but rather, to endure it and, above all, to visualize it through painting.

Nevertheless, a problem arises of spectator subjectivity. Namely, intuiting momentarily the physical properties and emotional directives of a work differs categorically from shaping and impressing them with one's own hands: the role of seer is necessarily passive in relation to that of maker. However, the starting point of an individual confronting the concrete work coheres with Marx's preferred hermeneutic. "In direct contrast to German philosophy which descends from heaven to earth, here we ascend from earth to heaven. That is to say, we do not set out from what men say, imagine, conceive, nor from men as narrated, thought of, imagined, conceived, in order to arrive at men in the flesh." The individual who addresses the artwork effects his own activity, turning himself into a person who thinks deeper about the design before him or walks away. "We set out from real, active men, and on the basis of their real life-process we demonstrate the development of the ideological reflexes and echoes of this life-process."

Exhibitions (selection)

 2017
Felix Nussbaum Haus, Osnabrück (solo)

 2016
Jewish Museum of Westphalia (solo)
 Nordheimer Scheune | Helmut A. Müller, Nordheim (solo)

 2015
 Clara Maria Sels Gallery, Düsseldorf
 Christie' s at K 21, Düsseldorf
 Mirta Demare Gallery, Rotterdam
 Bonnefanten, Roermond
 Ober Gallery, USA
 Jagla Ausstellungsraum, Cologne

 2014
Clara Maria Sels Gallery with Ilya Kabakov, Panamarenko, Duane Michals, Francesca Woodman
Kunstverein Dillingen with Thomas Huber
Ober Gallery with Jasper Johns, AR Penck, Donald Baechler

 2013
 Galerie Clara Maria Sels, Düsseldorf
 Mirta Demare Gallery, Rotterdam
 Gerhard Hofland Gallery, Amsterdam
 FRISCH, Halle am Wasser, Berlin
 Ober Gallery, Kent, Connecticut, USA
 Gene Shapiro Auctions New York, USA
 Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf

 2012
 Chaplini Gallery, Köln
 Jerusalem Artists House, Jerusalem
 Kunstraum Kreuzberg/Bethanien, Berlin
 Ben Uri Gallery, London
 Kunst aus Nordrhein-Westfalen Sammlung Aachen
 Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf

 2011
 Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf

 2010
 Förderkoje, Art Cologne mit Michal Budny, Anja Schwörer, Michael Wutz, Zenita Komad, Eli Cortinas, Rebecca Wilton, Vera Lossau

 2009
 Otto Schweins Gallery, Cologne
 Jiri Svestka Gallery, Prague
 Russian Salon, Project of Art Cologne at Excelsior Hotel Ernst with Vadim Zakharov, Anna Parkina, Leonid Sokhranski

 2008
 Kunstmuseum Walter
 Galerie Noah

 2007
 Tris Vonna-Michell / Yury Kharchenko
 European Kunsthalle Project
 Galerie Otto Schweins, Köln
 Shuebbe Projects, Düsseldorf

2006
 Christie's in Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf

Publications
 Worlds Within. Kerber Verlag, Berlin 2013, .
 Journey to Jerusalem. Kerber Verlag, Berlin, 2013, .
 Die Grosse Kunstausstellung NRW, Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf, 2013
 Extra Verlag, Berlin, 2012, .
 Olaf Salié (Hrsg.): Rising Young Artists to keep an Eye on. Daab, Köln 2011, .
 Boesner GmbH (Hrsg.) "Kunstwelten", Boesner, Witten, 2011, BestellNr.: 9783928003001
 Leonardo Art award, Kunstmuseum Walter, Augsburg, 2008
 Extra Verlag, Berlin 2008, .

References

External links
 Yury Kharchenko at Barnes & Noble, New York
 Literature about Yury Kharchenko at the catalogue of Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

 Yury Kharchenko bei Artfacts.net
 Galerie Clara Maria Sels, Düsseldorf
 Mirta Demare Gallery, Rotterdam
 Ober Gallery, CT, USA
 Website of the artist
 New York Times
 Tagesspiegel
 Kölnische Rundschau
 The Millbrook Independent
 Monopol Magazin
 TV Vernissage
 Kerber Verlag
 Galerie Philia, Paris

Contemporary painters
Postmodern artists
21st-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
21st-century German painters
21st-century German male artists
German male painters
Living people
1986 births
German abstract artists
Painters from Moscow
Painters from Berlin
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni
21st-century Russian male artists

Yury Kharchenko


Benedictine Academy was a Catholic parochial, college preparatory high school that served young women in ninth through twelfth grades in Elizabeth, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school was opened in 1915 by the Benedictine Sisters of Elizabeth, Saint Walburga Monastery, and operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.

In the wake of declining enrollment, the school announced that it would close at the end of the 2019–20 school year. Compared to an enrollment in 2014-15 of 174 students, the school estimated that 2020-21 enrollment would be 115.

The school had been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1996.

As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 127 students and 15.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.1:1. The school's student body was 42.5% (54) White, 26.8% (34) Black, 28.3% (36) Hispanic, 1.6% (2) two or more races and 0.8% (1) Asian. Benedictine Academy welcomed students of any race, color, national and ethnic origins. The BA faculty comprised Benedictine Sisters, members of other religious communities and lay teachers, 70% of whom have advanced degrees.

History
It opened in 1915. In the 2014–2015 school year its student body was 174. It had 122 students, 35 in the 12th grade, in spring 2020, and it was projected for 2020-2021 that its student body would be 155, including 20 in the 9th grade. It instead closed in spring 2020.

The school site was purchased for $5.5 million in 2022 by the Elizabeth Public Schools.

Awards and recognition
In June 2011, Benedictine Academy was recognized as the Jefferson Awards for Public Service "Best New School" in recognition of programs developed at the school to combat bullying and human trafficking.

Athletics
The Benedictine Academy Green Bees compete in the Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference, which is comprised of public and private high schools in Union County and established following a 2010 reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. With 200 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Non-Public B for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 37 to 366 students in that grade range (equivalent to Group I for public schools).

The girls spring track team was the Non-Public B state champion in 2010.

Graduation requirements
Graduation requirements include: 4 years of English, Math, Religious Studies, and Physical Education/Health & Safety; 3 years of Science, Social Studies, and World Language; 2 years of American History, 1 year of World Culture, and 1 year of Art. Advanced Placement and Honors Courses are offered in Biology, Pre-Calculus, English Literature, U.S. History, French and Spanish. Elective courses are offered in Economics, Computer Technology, Psychology, Law, Media, and the Arts.

Technology
The school has a computer lab, SMART boards in every classroom, a new interactive science lab, high-speed wireless Internet access for students, and an integrated laptop program.

Notable alumni
 Lauren H. Carson (born 1954), member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 75th District since 2015.
 Arline M. Friscia politician who represented the 19th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1996 to 2002.

Benedictine Sisters of Elizabeth, NJ
In September 1864, three Benedictine sisters arrived from Newark, New Jersey, at the request of Peter Henry Lemke, pastor of St. Michael's, who was in need of German-speaking sisters to teach at the parish school. In 1868, they became an independent congregation and moved to the newly built St. Walburga's Convent. The sisters taught at St. Henry's parish school, and also at an academy for girls established at St. Walburga's.

In 1903, they opened Our Lady of Victory sanitarium with a training school for nurses at Kingston, New York. The following year, services expanded to Benedictine Hospital on Mary's Avenue. The hospital was later taken over by HealthAlliance of the Hudson Valley.

In 1906, a convent and private school were established at Brooklands, DC. In 1923, the St. Walburga's Monastery re-located to North Broad Street. The sisters taught at elementary schools in the dioceses of Newark, Cleveland and Manchester. Benedictine Preschool opened in the fall of 1996. Due to declining enrollment with the availability of tuition-free programs in public schools, the preschool closed in 2019.

References

External links
Benedictine Academy website
Data for Benedictine Academy, National Center for Education Statistics

1915 establishments in New Jersey
2020 disestablishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1915
Educational institutions disestablished in 2020
Education in Elizabeth, New Jersey
Girls' schools in New Jersey
Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
Private high schools in Union County, New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Catholic secondary schools in New Jersey
Benedictine secondary schools
American Benedictines
German Benedictines
19th-century Christian monasteries
Benedictine nunneries in the United States

Benedictine Academy


Niuheliang () is a Neolithic archaeological site in Liaoning Province, Northeast China, along the middle and upper reaches of the Laoha River and the Yingjin River (presently on the border of Chaoyang and Jianping County). Discovered in 1983, the Niuheliang site belongs to the Hongshan culture (4700–2900 BC). It includes evidence of religion, such as a temple, an altar and a cairn.

Description
Niuheliang is a large burial site scattered over hill tops over a 50 square kilometer area. The altitude of Niuheliang ranges between 550 meters and 680 meters above sea level.

Niuheliang dates to 3,500–3,000 BCE. It was a burial and sacrificial center in the late Hongshan period. No residential settlements have been discovered here so far.

Temple
The site features a unique temple on a loam platform, with an altar and cairn complex, covering an area of around 5 km2. The altar at Niuheliang was made of stone platforms, supported by painted, clay cylinders. A north–south axis connects this temple complex with a central peak of the Zhushan (猪山) mountains, otherwise known as "Pig Mountain". The subterranean ritual complex was built on a ridge and decorated with painted walls, referred to by Chinese archaeologists as the Goddess Temple, due to the discovery of a clay female head with jade inlaid eyes.

Pig dragons and large, nude, clay figurines were also found at Niuheliang. Some of the figurines are up to three times the size of real-life humans; the interior of the figurines was structured from wood and straw.

Six groups of cairns were discovered nearby, south and west of the temple site. The primary burial goods accompanying the graves were jade artifacts, although most of the excavated graves had already been looted.

Interpretation
According to archaeologist Guo Dashun, who was in charge of excavating this site, there are in fact two varieties of animals represented in the jades. One is a boar with narrow eyes and flat snout; the other is a bear, represented by round eyes and short perky ears. He also found similar boar and bear symbolism in the vessels found at Xiaoheyan site.

The bear has been widely worshipped in Northeast Asia, such as by the Ainu in northern Japan, and in Siberia. Thus, Guo Dashun sees this site in the wider Northeast Asian context.

Some similarities with Xinglongwa culture (6200–5400 BC) of northeastern China have also been pointed out.

Pyramidal structure
One year after the temple-cairns complex was discovered nearby a pyramidal structure "disguised" as a hill known as Zhuanshanzi (), which was included during the Han dynasty (−206~220) in a section of the Great Wall. Built with earth and imported stone, its structure is more elaborate than the cairns.

This site contains some of the essential elements, temples, cairns and platforms, present in later ancestor worship of the Chinese such as the Ming tombs 5000 years later.

Footnotes

References
 Allan, Sarah (ed), The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective,
 Nelson, Sarah Milledge (ed), The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall,

External links

National archaeological parks of China
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Liaoning
Chinese pottery
Neolithic China
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC

Niuheliang


A wiggler is an insertion device in a synchrotron. It is a series of magnets designed to repeatedly laterally deflect ('wiggle') a beam of charged particles inside a storage ring of a synchrotron. These deflections release synchrotron radiation. Although synchrotrons give off such radiation anyway as magnets work to bend the particles on a circle-like path, a wiggler release more intense radiation than the bending magnets.

A wiggler has a broader spectrum of radiation than an undulator. In a wiggler, the period and the strength of the magnetic field is not tuned to the frequency of radiation produced by the electrons. So, every electron in the electron bunch radiates independently. This makes a broad radiation spectrum. A wiggler can be considered to be series of bending magnets stuck together, and its radiation intensity goes up as the number of magnetic poles in the wiggler goes up.

Typically the magnets in a wiggler are arranged in a Halbach array. The design shown above is usually known as a Halbach wiggler.

Notes

Synchrotron instrumentation

Wiggler (synchrotron)


Telephone numbers in Turkey went from six (2+4) to seven digits (3+4) local phone numbers c.1988, at which time Ankara went from 41 to 4. There used to be more than 5,000 local area codes of varying lengths (one to five digits) with correspondingly varying local number lengths (seven to three digits).

The new system is based on 3 three-digit area codes for provinces and seven digit local phone numbers. Istanbul is the exception and it gets two area codes ([212] for the European and [216] for the Asian side).

Calling a cell phone from outside Turkey is the same except the three digit numbers are replaced with the ones of the companies. Like [9] + [0] + [cell company id number] + [seven digit number]. The following are the company identification numbers for the major mobile telephone providers: Turkcell (530-539, 561 61X XXXX, 516 16X XXXX), Vodafone (540-549), Türk Telekom (500-509 and 550-559) and NETGSM (510 22X XXXX).

Local numbers in most areas were also changed in conjunction with the numbering plan that took effect 30 August 1993.

If a former area code is indicated, this is for the major centre in the new area code's district. The new area codes will also replace former area codes other than the primary one mentioned.

General information

The country calling code of Turkey is 90.

Language digit: 0 (Direct Dialing)
Language digit: 2 (Operator Assistance)
National (significant) number: 10 Digits.
 Area code: 3 digits
 Local subscriber's number: 7 digits.
 Only exception in this is the call center numbers which start with 444, the call center numbers cannot be dialed with area code, they must be dialed with 7 digit from any phone (Landlines & Mobiles) in the country. The number format is 444 XX XX. For dialing the Call Center numbers from other countries, the number must be dialed as Country Code + Call Center Number like 90 444 XX XX. If you dial the Call Center number with the area code you will hear an IVR announce saying you must not use area code while dialing the call center number.
Dialing procedure:
A call from another country would have the following dialing format:

 Access to automatic telephone service within Turkey:
trunk / inner - city code number : 0

 Access to international telephone service from Turkey:
international code : 00

Note: After 3-digit area codes, subscriber numbers cannot be prefaced with the number 1. The number 1 is only to be used for certain special services.
 International Switched Digital Service:

Ankara DMS-300

Istanbul DMS-300

İzmir DMS-300

Ankara, İstanbul and İzmir DMS-300 International Exchanges Accept:

L/D + area code + subscriber number + ST
L /D = language digit : 0 (direct dialing)
L /D = language digit : 2 (operator assistance)

 Operator Access Code:

There are two international operator centers in Turkey, Ankara and İstanbul.
Each one of these centers provides operator telephone services according ITU/T dialing:

L/D + code11 + ST (Random)
L/D + code12 + 312 + ST (Ankara)
L/D + code12 + 212 + ST (İstanbul)

L/D: language digit 2 English
C11: operator assistance
C12: international transits
ST: stop pulse

The operators of the international exchanges in Ankara and Istanbul are available under C11 and C12.

 Local Time: UTC + 3 hours

List of area codes

List of mobile codes

Note: These are the codes that wireless operators in Turkey assign to new subscribers. Because of mobile number portability, a subscriber's telephone number may not accurately reflect their actual operator.

List of other special domestic codes

References

External links
 Page of Turkish Telecom's website on City codes of Turkey

Turkey
Telecommunications in Turkey
Telephone numbers

Telephone numbers in Turkey


Wiley Ford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States and part of the 'Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area'.  The population was 1,026 at the 2010 census.

The community was named after Mr. Wiley, who settled at a nearby ford.

Geography
Wiley Ford is located at  (39.616008, -78.774898).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), all  land.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wiley Ford has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,095 people, 463 households, and 308 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 515 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.09% White, 0.27% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.09% Asian, and 0.46% from two or more races. There are no Pacific Islanders or people of other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.18% of the population.

There were 463 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,017, and the median income for a family was $37,422. Males had a median income of $31,979 versus $20,880 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,380. About 5.3% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
 Greater Cumberland Regional Airport

References

Census-designated places in Mineral County, West Virginia
Census-designated places in West Virginia
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Populated places on the North Branch Potomac River

Wiley Ford, West Virginia