Hinterland is a high fantasy role-playing video game with city-building elements by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It was released on September 30, 2008 on the Steam content delivery system, and has since been made available at other digital distribution websites. Hinterland: Orc Lords, a cumulative expansion, was released to digital distribution and retail in March 2009. As the title suggests, the primary addition to the game was the ability to play as Orc characters.

Overview
The goal is to establish and grow a village successfully in the wilderness of a fantasy kingdom, clearing out all nearby threats. The game is set in a world roughly based on the lore of both the Norse and the Celts and features characters and creatures of fantasy which inhabit the lands surrounding the village.

The player controls an adventurer acting as the leader of the settlement and is required both to defend it from attacks and to provide funding for its expansion. While the player's profession is chosen from among a number that specializes in combat, city management, or resource gathering, other non-player characters with more menial professions also periodically visit the village. These peasants and tradesmen can be persuaded to settle in the village if their requirements are met and a home is constructed for them (at the player's expense). Once resident, they can either perform their designated job function (e.g., growing food or smithing weapons), or be conscripted to join the player on expeditions into the unknown.

From an adventuring perspective, the player (and up to three followers drafted from the village) must clear out small zones of enemy resistance in order to claim these for the kingdom. Each zone is populated by fewer than a dozen enemies and is denoted with an icon indicating how difficult the zone is expected to be to conquer. Once a zone is cleared, the player gains access to any resources located within, and may also be rewarded with bonus treasure. The number of zones depends on the game length (size) selected when starting the game.

The primary challenge of the game is keeping the village safe while adventuring to find much needed resources for its expansion. Choices must also be made into how to allocate funds in terms of upgrading existing dwellings or adding new ones.

Development
Hinterland draws inspiration from a variety of fantasy titles, including Rogue and Roguelikes, as well as numerous building and simulation games. According to the developers, the title attempts to address a missed opportunity within the role-playing genre where the player's actions have consequences for the other inhabitants of the game world. They note, "Hinterland gives depth and context to the RPG experience, by allowing you to do something more meaningful with the spoils from your RPG adventures. Rather than just re-invest in yourself, you build something much bigger than yourself, that 'other character' - your village and its people."

Reception
Hinterland received an average of 69% out of 7 reviews at GameRankings, while Metacritic gave it a score of 66 out of 100, based on 8 reviews. GameSpy rated Hinterland 3.5 out of 5 ("Good"), citing positives such as the low price, low time investment, and random map generation while deriding it for low-quality animation, simplistic city-building, and low amount of feedback from various in-game events.  The IGN review praised the successful interweaving of the city management and adventuring aspects, while pointing out negatives including a clumsy interface and some minor technical problems.  IGN concluded, "For $20 USD, it's a lot of game for your dollar", earning it a score of 7.2 out of 10 (Decent).

References

External links

2008 video games
Role-playing video games
Torque (game engine) games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with expansion packs
Windows games
Windows-only games
Single-player video games
Tilted Mill Entertainment games

Hinterland (video game)


Kensington mine is a gold mine located  north of Juneau, Alaska.  The mine is owned by Coeur Alaska Inc., a subsidiary company of Coeur Mining.

In 1928 the mine halted operations, and since then Coeur Alaska has attempted to resume operations.  In order to resume operations Coeur Alaska required a permit to dispose of tailings created by the milling of ore from the mine.  A permit was acquired in 2005 from the United States Army Corps of Engineers to dispose of the tailings in Lower Slate Lake.  Following the issuance of the permit for tailings disposal, a lawsuit was filed by a group of environmental non-governmental organizations. The Alaskan court sided with the mining company, and the decision was appealed and overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Following the successful appeal, the issue was brought before the Supreme Court, who found in favor of the company by a vote of 6-3.

External links

References

Gold mines in the United States
Buildings and structures in Juneau, Alaska
Mines in Alaska

Kensington mine


National Road 91 (, abbreviated as EO91) is a highway in Attica, Greece. It runs from the centre of Athens to Sounio, via Vouliagmeni. It was first constructed in the 1950s as a one-lane per direction road, but the section between central Athens and Varkiza was later extended to two lanes per direction. It has many extremely dangerous curves, and accidents happen frequently. Currently, there are no plans to replace it with a bypass or reconstruct certain dangerous parts, but there has been an effort to increase police presence to prevent illegal racing and violation of speed limits which were common phenomena over the last 10 years. The highway becomes busier during the summer, as most of the places it connects are popular vacation spots. The highway also goes past what was Ellinikon International Airport  (Athens' old airport).

Route
National Road 91 begins in the centre of Athens, and runs southwest to the Saronic Gulf coast at Palaio Faliro. This section is named Andrea Syngrou Avenue. From Palaio Faliro it continues southeast along the coast, passing along the southern and southeastern suburbs of Athens. The section between Palaio Faliro and Varkiza is named Poseidonos Avenue.

National Road 91 passes through the following places:

Central Athens
Nea Smyrni
Palaio Faliro
Alimos
Elliniko
Glyfada
Voula
Vouliagmeni
Varkiza
Agia Marina
Lagonisi
Saronida
Palaia Fokaia
Legrena
Sounio

91
Roads in Attica
Streets in Athens

Greek National Road 91


The Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple is an ancient temple dedicated to Lainingthou Sanamahi, a principal deity in Sanamahism, the Meitei religion. It is in the Sanakhwa Yaima Kollup, Imphal West district of Manipur. Its present architecture was the result of the recreation during the reign of Hindu Manipuri king Kulachandra in the late Medieval Manipur.

Related pages
 Sanamahi Kiyong Temple

References

Religion in India

Sanamahi Temple


Alexander Rovt (born as Sándor Róth, July 23, 1952) is an American billionaire businessman and real estate investor who made his fortune in the trade and manufacture of fertilizer in the former Soviet Union. He identifies as Carpathian.

Early life and education
Rovt was born to an observant Jewish family in Mukachevo, Carpathia which is now part of Ukraine. His father was a manager at a knitting factory and his mother a housewife. He grew up across the nearby border in Hungary and then attended the Lviv Academy of Commerce in Ukraine where he graduated with a degree in business and later received a PhD in international economics. After school, he worked as a manager for the state-owned vegetable distributor in Hungary but was soon arrested due to his capitalistic business tendencies; in 1985, he fled to the United States with his wife and settled in Brooklyn where he worked in his uncle's kosher deli and at a cousin's jewelry store.

Career
In 1988, Rovt took a job at IBE Trade which was founded by Sheldon Silverston. IBE made a profit by selling goods to governments that were not in favor with the international community and as a result, did not have ready access to hard currency. IBE was paid in hard commodities rather than cash (e.g. steel, coffee). Thanks to Rovt's connections in the Eastern bloc and understanding of the fertilizer business thanks to his involvement at the vegetable distributor, IBE expanded it operations to the Soviet Union supplying goods in exchange for fertilizer, something the Soviets had in abundance thanks to ample natural gas supplies, a primary input to the manufacture of fertilizer. Once Perestroika took hold, the barter business diminished and Rovt (along with his childhood friend and co-worker at IBE, Imre Pákh) bought IBE from Silverston and transitioned the company into a traditional fertilizer distributor eventually controlling 85-90% of the fertilizer trade in Russia and Ukraine by 2000.

In 1999, Rovt purchased a deteriorating fertilizer plant in Bulgaria on the condition that he spend $100 million over five years on renovations. The company was losing money due to high natural gas prices which were then trading at market prices. Rovt sold a 25% stake in the company to the energy billionaire Igor Makarov from Turkmenistan who agreed to supply the plant with natural gas at discounted price. He also sold 10% to local Bulgarian partners. Unbeknownst to him, his Bulgarian partners were able to seize control of the facility by transferring ownership of the plant to an offshore company in Cyprus. His friend and partner Pákh sold his interest in IBE to Rovt after one of his Bulgarian partners was murdered. Rovt sued in the US to recover his plant and received a favorable decision but the judgment was not honored in Bulgaria.

Despite his unfavorable foray into fertilizer plant ownership in Bulgaria, he purchased several more fertilizer plants in the 2000s which both became very lucrative investments. The first was in Rossosh, Russia in partnership with Igor Olshansky, the son of a member of the Duma (in whose district the plant was located) and the Norwegian agricultural company Yara International. In 2004, IBE purchased a plant in Severodonetsk, Ukraine in return for an investment commitment of $120 million. In 2005, after the Orange Revolution, a court voided the sale; Rovt, with the assistance of the US government, was eventually able to have the decision reversed and the plant is operating profitably with the consent of the Ukrainian government.

In 2007, wanting to secure his wealth, he purchased the Bankers Trust Building from Joshua Zamir for $303 million in cash and sold his remaining overseas fertilizer assets to Ukrainian billionaire Dmitry Firtash. He now has a portfolio of 280 buildings mostly in New York City.

Rovt is a conservative investor. He invests for the long term and does not believe in debt.

Public service and political donations
Rovt served on the NYC Board of Corrections as Vice Chairman and is a trustee of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. He serves as the chairman of the board of the Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center. He has donated to the campaigns of Andrew Cuomo and Anthony Weiner. Rovt has endowed a school for Orthodox immigrants, the Zvi Dov Roth Academy in Brooklyn. The school is named after his grandfather who was killed in the Holocaust.

Personal life
He lives on Manhattan's Upper East Side with his wife Olga in a five-story, 12,000-square-foot building constructed out of reinforced concrete with brick facing and retractable bulletproof shades covering the windows.  He has two children: Philip (born 1978) and Maxwell (born 1987).

Distinctions
  Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th Class (August 22, 2016).
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 4th Class (August 23, 2019)

References

American investors
20th-century American Jews
American philanthropists
Living people
American billionaires
1952 births
People from Mukachevo
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
21st-century American Jews
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 4th class
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 3rd class
Laureates of the Honorary Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

Alexander Rovt


Bouse Wash is one of the larger eastern-bank dry washes that enter the Colorado River in the Lower Colorado River Valley. It is located in La Paz County, extreme western Arizona.

Geography
Bouse Wash is located on the north rim of the La Posa Plain and the south rim of Cactus Plain.

The Arizona town of Bouse is on Bouse Wash, northeast of the La Posa Plain, between the Bouse Hills and the Plomosa Mountains.

Watersheds
Bouse Wash drains into the Imperial Reservoir at the north end of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, south of Parker. The Tyson Wash mouth is at the southern end of the reservation. The Bouse Watershed abuts the Tyson Watershed. The Bouse and Tyson Wash river mouths are both on the eastern shore of the Imperial Reservoir, on the Colorado River.

The Bouse Wash Watershed is west of a water divide that the Centennial Wash Watershed flows east from. Centennial is a tributary of the Gila River. Its confluence with the Gila is downstream from the confluence of the Hassayampa River, which flows south from Prescott and drains the western and southwestern regions of the Bradshaw Mountains.

References

External links

Bouse Wash Watershed Map
Imperial Reservoir Watershed Map

Washes of Arizona
Tributaries of the Lower Colorado River in Arizona
Rivers of La Paz County, Arizona

Bouse Wash


In India, Diploma in Pharmacy (often shortened as DPharm or DPharma) is an entry-level tertiary pharmacy credential. It is obtained following two years of training. Students can enrol in the course after successfully completing  higher secondary education in science stream with physics, chemistry and either biology or maths as subjects. After obtaining the diploma, registration with the pharmacy council is required to be a registered pharmacist. A D.Pharm holder can also enroll for a professional (undergraduate) degree course of Bachelor of Pharmacy via lateral entry scheme.

A diploma holder can be employed as a registered pharmacist in a hospital or pharmacy dispensing drugs and pharmaceuticals. It is mandatory that at least one person employed in a pharmacy be a qualified and registered pharmacist.

First year subjects

 Pharmaceutics
 Pharmaceutical chemistry
 Pharmacognosy
 Human Anatomy and Physiology
 Social Pharmacy

Second year subjects

 Pharmacology
 Community Pharmacy & management
 Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology
 Pharmacotherapeutics
 Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
 Pharmacy law & ethics

References
https://www.pci.nic.in/pdf/14-55_ER_20%20_syllabus_23092021.pdf

External links
 Pharmacy council of India
 D.Pharma Books

Academic degrees of India
Pharmacy education in India

Diploma in Pharmacy


Leonard Berg (1927 – January 15, 2007) was a neurologist at Washington University in St. Louis and a specialist in dementia and Alzheimer's disease. He was instrumental in the development of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, a tool commonly used in research of these diseases.

Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Berg studied at Washington University, earning both his undergraduate and medical degrees there. He became an assistant professor of clinical neurology there in 1956, and also maintained a private practice from 1972 to 1989. He became a professor of neurology and from 1985 to 1998 directed Washington's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. In 1985, he was also named president of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

During the 1980s, Berg helped develop a series of tests to assess a patient's level of dementia by determining their abilities in language, memory, and everyday tasks. A numerical scale was established, with a 0 corresponding to no symptoms and a 3 representing severe symptoms. The tool developed into the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, and has gained wide acceptance in Alzheimer's disease research.

References

1927 births
2007 deaths
American neurologists
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Washington University School of Medicine alumni
Washington University School of Medicine faculty

Leonard Berg


Corn is a 2004 drama-thriller starring Jena Malone about the dangers of genetically modified food.

Plot
Emily Rasmussen (Malone) drops out of college upon realizing that she is pregnant, and reluctantly returns to her stepfather's (Don Harvey) sheep ranch to get her life together. She plans on keeping the baby, even though the father of the child, a politician, refuses to help her for fear of a scandal. Emily's mother died when she was young, and she has a very awkward relationship with her father.

Upon her arrival, Emily notices that her father's sheep are acting rather strangely; they appear to be viciously fighting over a weed that is the byproduct of their neighbor's corn. That neighbor began growing corn when provided with a newly generated seed that was meant to be immune to all pesticides. The corn was altered genetically so it could grow with very little water so it could be used in otherwise barren places, such as parts of Africa, to feed starving people.

After witnessing a lamb being born with only two legs, Emily decides to investigate this corn and its weed byproduct, and learns that it is an experiment in genetic engineering. After hearing about the death of the newborn baby of a friend who regularly ate lamb, Emily realizes she has to do something to put a stop to this. Her efforts will entail standing up to the big corporation that is testing the corn, her employers, and ultimately, her father.

External links

2004 films
American independent films
American thriller films
2004 thriller films
2004 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
2004 independent films

Corn (film)


5356 aluminium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium-magnesium family (5000 or 5xxx series). Unlike most aluminium-magnesium alloys, it is primarily used as welding filler. It is one of the most popular aluminium filler alloys, alongside 4043. It possesses relatively high strength, but at the expense of being more vulnerable to cracking. It is the preferred filler when making lap or butt welds on the popular 6061 aluminium alloy, or when the welded parts are to be anodized.

References

Aluminium alloy table

Aluminium–magnesium alloys

5356 aluminium alloy


Gisborne Botanical Gardens is a public garden in Gisborne, New Zealand, that dates back to 1874. The Gisborne Botanical Gardens nowadays occupy  between  Aberdeen Road and the Taruheru River. There are still many trees remaining from the early period.

There is also a Gisborne botanic garden in the town of Gisborne, Australia.

History
The Botanical Gardens is Gisborne's oldest reserve. It was set aside in 1874 as a public garden.
In that year a recreational reserve of  was created, just outside the city boundary beside Taruheru River. The site developed into Gisborne's first recreation reserve, where cricket was played, until 1901, when Victoria Domain became the home for cricket.

Between 1915 and 1920 an area of native bush was planted.

By the 1960s the poplars which were planted in the early days of the gardens were mature. The row of trees along the river front was known as Poplar Avenue. The Botanical Gardens was developed as formal Botanical Gardens by this time, with ornate grand entrance gates and wide pathways and rows of flower beds. During the late 1960s the park was managed more as a park.

In 1972 a "free flying" aviary was constructed. During the 1970s the Gardens were shifting to a 'Botanic Garden' again, rather than a park as Council had decided in the 1960s.

In 1978 Mr and Mrs J.B. Greig bequeathed their Cacti collection to Council. A glass house was built in the Botanical Gardens to provide space for this collection.

In 1994 the Gisborne District Council adopted the concept of developing three sister gardens, in relation to the sister cities of Gisborne around the Pacific Rim.

Nowadays the Gisborne District Council, the Friends of the Botanical Gardens and the Gisborne Sister Cities Committee are working to improve and develop the Botanical Gardens.

Plant collections
There are three so called sister city gardens:
 Australian garden – the first "sister city garden", commenced in 1997, to honour the relation with Gisborne, Victoria.
 Japanese garden – the garden that is inspired by the relation with Nonoichi, Ishikawa.
 Palm Desert garden – for the third sister city, Palm Desert, California. This garden also holds the Cacti Collection (partly in the Glasshouse). This presentation is part of a collection bequeathed to the city by the late Mr & Mrs J. B. Greig in 1978.
Other gardens include:
 New Zealand Native Bush garden
 Riverside garden

Works of art
There are some art works, for instance 'Desert Haiku' - a gift from the people of Palm Desert. It was created by Michael Watling in 2001. The andesite boulders from Te Puke represent the mountains around Palm Desert. The composition reflects Gisborne's connection to Japan. The stones take the classic haiku form of five, seven, five.

Trees
Some important trees in the Gardens are:
 Quercus palustris - the pin oak from south east Canada and eastern USA.
 Quercus robur - the common oak from Europe.
 Platanus acerifolia -  the London plane from Europe.
 Ginkgo biloba - the maidenhair tree from China.
 Ulmus carpinifolia var. variegata or Ulmus minor subsp. minor - the smooth-leaved elm
 Cedrus atlantica var. glauca - the blue Atlas cedar
 Liriodendron tulipifera - the tulip tree
 Araucaria bidwillii - the bunya bunya from Queensland
 Araucaria cookii or Araucaria columnaris- Captain Cook's pine from New Caledonia
 Tilia x europaea - the Common, or European lime

Literature
 an. - Gisborne Botanical Gardens, Draft Management Plan. Gisborne District Council, Gisborne 2008.

Botanical gardens in New Zealand
Gisborne, New Zealand
1874 establishments in New Zealand
Protected areas of the Gisborne District

Gisborne Botanical Gardens


Carmen Sarahí García Sáenz (born on 29 June 1981 in Nuevo Laredo) is a Mexican singer, actress, dancer.

Career
Carmen Sarahí was born in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas. She is a graduate of the Televisa Arts Education Center. He has faced soap operas such as Rubí, Rebelde, Mujer de madera, Palabra de mujer, Ni contigo ni sin ti, El Juramento (Telemundo), and programs like SOS: Sex and other secrets, Como dice el dicho, La rosa de Guadalupe and Decades, where he was part of the musical group Decadance. He was part of the Guzmán team in the program La Voz (Mexico) where he was participating in the third season, reaching the Knockouts where he was defeated by Carolina Ross.

She has recorded voices for movies and cartoons. The most well-known work - in animated films Disney, where she voiced Elsa in Frozen and Frozen II. She performed the Latin American Spanish version of the song "Let It Go" (Libre soy) from the movie "Frozen" and of the song "Into the Unknown" (Mucho más allá) from the movie "Frozen II".

On February 9, 2020, Sarahí was called to join Idina Menzel, Aurora and eight more of Elsa's international dubbers to perform the song "Into the Unknown" during the 92nd Academy Awards. Every international performer sang one line of the song in a different language: Maria Lucia Heiberg Rosenberg in Danish, Willemijn Verkaik in both German and Dutch, Takako Matsu in Japanese, Sarahí in Latin American Spanish, Lisa Stokke in Norwegian, Kasia Łaska in Polish, Anna Buturlina in Russian, Gisela in European Spanish and Gam Wichayanee in Thai.

Personal life
She married to José Enrique Dávila on 8 November 2014. They have two daughters, Camila (born on 17 March 2016) and Alexa (born on 14 October 2017).

References

1982 births
Living people
Mexican pop singers
Actors from Tamaulipas

Carmen Sarahí


The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London that houses a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people. When it opened in 1856, it was arguably the first national public gallery in the world that was dedicated to portraits.

The gallery moved in 1896 to its current site at St Martin's Place, off Trafalgar Square, and adjoining the National Gallery. The National Portrait Gallery also has regional outposts at Beningbrough Hall in Yorkshire and Montacute House in Somerset. It is unconnected to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, with which its remit overlaps. The gallery is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Collection

The gallery houses portraits of historically important and famous British people, selected on the basis of the significance of the sitter, not that of the artist. The collection includes photographs and caricatures as well as paintings, drawings and sculpture. One of its best-known images is the Chandos portrait, the most famous portrait of William Shakespeare although there is some uncertainty about whether the painting actually is of the playwright.

Not all of the portraits are exceptional artistically, although there are self-portraits by William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds and other British artists of note. Some, such as the group portrait of the participants in the Somerset House Conference of 1604, are important historical documents in their own right. Often, the curiosity value is greater than the artistic worth of a work, as in the case of the anamorphic portrait of Edward VI by William Scrots, Patrick Branwell Brontë's painting of his sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne, or a sculpture of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in medieval costume. Portraits of living figures were allowed from 1969. In addition to its permanent galleries of historical portraits, the National Portrait Gallery exhibits a rapidly changing selection of contemporary work, stages exhibitions of portrait art by individual artists and hosts the annual BP Portrait Prize competition.

History and buildings

The three people largely responsible for the founding of the National Portrait Gallery are commemorated with busts over the former main entrance on St Martin's Place. At the centre is Philip Henry Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope, with his supporters on either side, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay (to Stanhope's left) and Thomas Carlyle (to Stanhope's right). It was Stanhope who, in 1846 as a Member of Parliament (MP), first proposed the idea of a National Portrait Gallery. It was not until his third attempt, in 1856, this time from the House of Lords, that the proposal was accepted. With Queen Victoria's approval, the House of Commons set aside a sum of £2000 to establish the gallery. As well as Stanhope and Macaulay, the founder Trustees included Benjamin Disraeli and Lord Ellesmere. It was the latter who donated the Chandos portrait to the nation as the gallery's first portrait. Carlyle became a trustee after the death of Ellesmere in 1857.

For the first 40 years, the gallery was housed in various locations in London. The first 13 years were spent at 29 Great George Street, Westminster. There, the collection increased in size from 57 to 208 items, and the number of visitors from 5,300 to 34,500. In 1869, the collection moved to Exhibition Road and buildings managed by the Royal Horticultural Society. Following a fire in those buildings, the collection was moved in 1885, this time to the Bethnal Green Museum. This location was ultimately unsuitable due to its distance from the West End, condensation and lack of waterproofing. Following calls for a new location to be found, the government accepted an offer of funds from the philanthropist William Henry Alexander. Alexander donated £60,000 followed by another £20,000, and also chose the architect, Ewan Christian. The government provided the new site on St Martin's Place, adjacent to the National Gallery, and £16,000. The buildings, faced in Portland stone, were constructed by Shillitoe & Son. Both the architect, Ewan Christian, and the gallery's first director, George Scharf, died shortly before the new building was completed. The gallery opened at its new location on 4 April 1896. The first extension, in 1933, was funded by Lord Duveen, and resulted in the wing by the architect Sir Richard Allison on a site previously occupied by St George's Barracks running along Orange Street.

In February 1909, a murder–suicide took place in a gallery known as the "Arctic Room". In an apparently planned attack, John Tempest Dawson, aged 70, shot his 58-year-old wife, Nannie Caskie, from behind with a revolver, then shot himself in the mouth, dying instantly. His wife died in hospital several hours later. Both were American nationals who had lived in Hove for around 10 years. Evidence at the inquest suggested that Dawson, a wealthy and well-travelled man, was suffering from a persecutory delusion. The incident came to public attention in 2010 when the Gallery's archive was put on-line as this included a personal account of the event by James Donald Milner, then the Assistant Director of the Gallery.

The collections of the National Portrait Gallery were stored at Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire during the Second World War, along with pieces from the Royal Collection and paintings from Speaker's House in the Palace of Westminster.

Early 21st century
The second extension was funded by Sir Christopher Ondaatje and a £12m Heritage Lottery Fund grant, and was designed by the London-based architects Edward Jones and Jeremy Dixon. The Ondaatje Wing opened in 2000 and occupies a narrow space of land between the two 19th-century buildings of the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery, and is notable for its immense, two-storey escalator which takes visitors to the earliest part of the collection, the Tudor portraits.

In January 2008, the Gallery received its largest single donation to date, a £5m gift from the US billionaire Randy Lerner.

In January 2012, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, announced the National Portrait Gallery as one of her official patronages. Her portrait was unveiled in January 2013. The gallery holds nearly 20 portraits of Harriet Martineau and her brother James Martineau, whose great-nephew Francis Martineau Lupton was the Duchess's great-great-grandfather.

Bodelwyddan Castle's partnership with the National Portrait Gallery came to an end in 2017 after its funding was cut by Denbighshire County Council.

In June 2017 it was announced that the NPG has been awarded funding of £9.4 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund towards its major transformation programme Inspiring People, the Gallery's biggest ever development. The Gallery had already raised over £7m of its £35.5m target. The building works were scheduled to start in 2020.

In October 2019, a group of semi-naked environmental campaigners were drenched in fake oil, in the Ondaatje Wing main hall, as part of a protest against BP's sponsorship of a collection of pieces in the gallery. The protest performance piece, which was entitled Crude Truth, involve a clothed protester reciting a monologue in which they called upon arts organisations to sever ties with companies "funding extinction". Three activists covered in black liquid lay down for about five minutes on a plastic sheet before standing up again, wiping themselves down with towels, and cleaning up after themselves. The action, which was applauded by onlookers, passed uninterrupted.

Closure and refurbishment in 2020–2023

A major programme of refurbishment with the project name of "Inspiring People" led to the gallery's closure from 2020 to 2023. Some galleries closed by late May 2020, with full closure by July 2020. There were a number of planned exhibitions and collaborations around the UK to display parts of the collection while the gallery was closed. These included exhibitions starting at the York Art Gallery in 2021, the Holburne Museum, Bath (Tudor portraits, 2022), and museums in Liverpool, Newcastle, Coventry and Edinburgh, which later toured to other venues. Other partners included the National Trust, the National Maritime Museum and the National Gallery. In London, the shops and restaurants closed, but the Heinz Archive and Library remained open. Another programme, called "Coming Home", loaned portraits of individual people to museums in their home towns. Exhibitions also travelled to Japan, Australia and the United States.

The "Inspiring People" project "comprises a comprehensive redisplay of the Collection from the Tudors to now, combined with a complete refurbishment of the building, the creation of new public spaces, a more welcoming visitor entrance and public forecourt, and a new state of the art Learning Centre". The East Wing returned to being gallery space, with its own new street entrance.

The refurbishment cost £41million, and was designed by the architect Jamie Fobert. It added new galleries, learning spaces, restaurants and a public forecourt. The gallery's main entrance was moved and features three new  bronze doors  which carry 42 portraits of un-named women, drawn by Tracey Emin. The gallery reopened to the public on 22 June 2023.

Exterior busts
In addition to the busts of the three founders of the gallery over the entrance, the exterior of two of the original 1896 buildings are decorated with stone busts of eminent portrait artists, biographical writers and historians. These busts, sculpted by Frederick R. Thomas, portray James Granger, William Faithorne, Edmund Lodge, Thomas Fuller, The Earl of Clarendon, Horace Walpole, Hans Holbein the Younger, Sir Anthony van Dyck, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Louis François Roubiliac, William Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir Thomas Lawrence and Sir Francis Chantrey.

Finances and staff
The National Portrait Gallery is an executive non-departmental public body of the UK Government, sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.

The National Portrait Gallery's total income in 2007–2008 amounted to £16,610,000, the majority of which came from government grant-in-aid (£7,038,000) and donations (£4,117,000). As of 31 March 2008, its net assets amounted to £69,251,000. In 2008, the NPG had 218 full-time equivalent employees. It is an exempt charity under English law.

Directors
1857–1895: Sir George Scharf KCB
1895–1909: Sir Lionel Cust KCVO FSA – previously at the Department of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum, and from 1901 to 1927 filled the role of Surveyor of the King's Pictures
1909–1916: Charles John Holmes – later director of the National Gallery
1917–1927: James Milner
1927–1951: Henry Hake
1951–1964: Charles Kingsley Adams
1964–1967: David Piper – later director of the Fitzwilliam Museum and fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge (1967–1973), and first director of the Ashmolean Museum (1973–1985)
1967–1973: Roy Strong
1974–1994: John Hayes
1994–2002: Charles Saumarez Smith
2002–2015: Sandy Nairne CBE, FSA
2015–present: Nicholas Cullinan

Legal threat against Wikipedia volunteer

On 14 July 2009, the National Portrait Gallery sent a demand letter alleging breach of copyright against an editor-user of Wikipedia, who downloaded thousands of high-resolution reproductions of public domain paintings from the NPG website, and placed them on Wikipedia's sister media repository site, Wikimedia Commons. The gallery's position was that it held copyright in the digital images uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, and that it had made a significant financial investment in creating these digital reproductions. Whereas single-file low resolution images were already available on its website, the images added to Wikimedia Commons were re-integrated from separate files after the user "found a way to get around their software and download high-resolution images without permission."

In 2012, the Gallery licensed 53,000 low-resolution images under a Creative Commons licence, making them available free of charge for non-commercial use. A further 87,000 high-resolution images are available for academic use under the gallery's own licence that invites donations in return; previously, the gallery charged for high-resolution images.

, 100,000 images, around a third of the Gallery's collection, had been digitised.

See also
 BP Portrait Award
 British Photographic Portrait Prize
 Royal Society of Portrait Painters

References

Notes

Bibliography
"Inspiring People", National Portrait Gallery News Release, Tuesday 5 November 2019, "National Portrait Gallery Collection to Travel across the UK as Inspiring People Redevelopment Begins in July 2020"; see also NPG Project Summary

Further reading
 Cannadine, David, National Portrait Gallery: A Brief History, National Portrait Gallery, 2007,
 Hulme, Graham, The National Portrait Gallery: An Architectural History, National Portrait Gallery Publications, 2000,
 Saumarez Smith, Charles, The National Portrait Gallery, 2nd. rev. ed., National Portrait Gallery, 2010,

External links

Art museums established in 1856
Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
Grade I listed museum buildings
Museums sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
Exempt charities
Charities based in London
1856 establishments in England
Photography museums and galleries in England
Ewan Christian buildings
Museum of the Year (UK) recipients

National Portrait Gallery, London


The Aholibah underwing (Catocala aholibah) is a moth of the "owlet" family Erebidae, which has over 25,000 known members, and more than that yet undescribed. Like other moths of the underwing genus (Catocala), this species has dull gray and black speckled forewings which help it blend into its surroundings, and bright orange underwings that it reveals to startle predators.

The adults are mature during the early summer, and are found in western North America from British Columbia south to Arizona.

An adult has a wingspan of up to 8 centimeters. The larva is a dark gray mottled caterpillar with thick pink-tinted legs and a jumping ability. The adults feed on nectar, sap, and rotting fruit, while the larvae prefer the foliage of several oak species.

References

Moths described in 1874
Catocala
Moths of North America

Aholibah underwing


"The Wolf of Zhongshan" () is a popular Chinese tale that deals with the ingratitude of a creature after being saved. The first print of the story is found in the Ming-dynasty Ocean Stories of Past and Present () published in 1544. The story is commonly attributed to Ma Zhongxi (1446–1512).

Synopsis
The story is set during the late Spring and Autumn period.  King Jian Zi (趙簡子 - BC?-BC 476) was leading a hunting party through Zhongshan when he came across a wolf.  King Jian takes aim with his bow and arrow but misses and hits a stone instead.  The wolf desperately flees through the forest with the hunting party in pursuit.  As the wolf makes its way through the forest he stumbles upon a traveling Mohist scholar Mr. Dongguo who is a kind young man ().  The wolf appeals to the scholar's belief of "universal love" and implores for his help. Mr. Dongguo takes pity on the creature and hides it in one of his book bags strapped to his donkey.

When the hunters approach him, Mr. Dongguo denies any knowledge of the wolf's whereabouts, but secretly plans on killing him.  After the hunters had left, Mr. Dongguo lets the wolf out of his bag, gets on his donkey, and prepares to take his leave only to be stopped by the wolf.  The wolf now asks the scholar to save his life again, this time from starvation.  Mr. Dongguo offers the wolf some pastries, but the wolf smiles and said "I don't eat those, I dine solely on meat".  Puzzled, Mr. Dongguo inquires if the wolf intends to eat his donkey and the wolf replies "No, no, donkey meat is no good".  The donkey, upon hearing this, bolts from the scene as fast as its four legs to carry it leaving Mr. Dongguo behind with the wolf.  To Mr. Dongguo's surprise, the hungry wolf pounces on him and announces its intention to eat him.  When Mr. Dongguo protests at the wolf's ingratitude, the wolf presents the argument: since the scholar saved his life once why not do it again?  Now that it is starving, only by serving as the wolf's food will the scholar have fulfilled the act of saving his life.  The wolf also complains that it nearly suffocated while it was crammed in the scholar's bag and the scholar now owed him.  Dongguo and the wolf debated and finally decided to present their case to the judgment of three elders.

The first elder they present their argument to is an old withering apricot tree.  The tree relates its own experience to the two on how when it was young, children used to pick its fruits from its branches and the tree would tell them to eat their fill.  Now it was about to be chopped down to provide firewood.  The tree sides with the wolf.  The wolf is very pleased.

The second elder they present their argument to was an elderly water buffalo.  The buffalo tells its story of how it served its masters for many years dutifully providing him with milk and plowing his fields.  Now his master wants to butcher it so he can eat his meat.  The buffalo too sides with the wolf.  The wolf grins and feels even more justified in his request to eat the scholar.  Mr. Dongguo reminds the wolf that they have one more elder to seek out.

The last elder they present their argument to is an elderly farmer.  The farmer is sceptical and doesn't believe that the wolf can fit into the bag.  To illustrate its point, the wolf crawls back into the bag and right away the old farmer ties up the bag and starts to beat the wolf with his hoe.  The farmer bashes the wolf to an inch of his life then unties the bag and drags his dying wolf out of the bag.

Seeing the pitiful wolf the scholar thinks that the old farmer was too cruel but just then a weeping woman comes running towards them.  She points to the wolf and tells Mr. Dongguo and the farmer how it dragged off her little boy.  Mr Dongguo now no longer pities the wolf.  He picked up the hoe and strikes the final blow to the wolf's head.

Author
The authorship of this text is a matter of dispute.  The text originally appeared in the Gujin Shuohai as an anonymous text with no author listed but it has generally been attributed to Ma Zhongxi () (1446–1512).  In classical Chinese literature, this tale is quite unusual in the fact that it is a fully developed animal fable. In most prose fables or poems where animals are imbued with human characteristics (e.g., Huli jing), they are usually first transformed into human form before they are allowed to speak.

The term Mr. Dongguo (Dōngguō Xiānshēng) has now become a Chinese idiom for a naive person who gets into trouble through being softhearted to evil people.

Variations
Another variation of this tale can be found in the Precious Scroll of Shancai and Longnü.

Leo Tolstoy in one of his "readers" for elementary school has a similar story, entitled The Wolf and the Farmer ().

See also

Big Bad Wolf
The Three Little Pigs
The Tiger, the Brahmin and the Jackal
The Little Red Riding Hood

References

External links
Chinese Idiom
The Wolf of Zhongshan (German)
Welcome to China (English)

Chinese short stories
Jataka tales
Wolves in literature
Ming dynasty literature
Short stories set in Hebei
Zhou dynasty in fiction
16th-century short stories
Chinese folklore

The Wolf of Zhongshan


Nueve (stylized Nu9ve) is a Mexican free-to-air television network owned by Televisa. The primary station and network namesake is Channel 9 of Mexico City (also known by its call sign XEQ-TDT), though the network has nationwide coverage on Televisa stations and some affiliates. Nueve offers a range of general entertainment programs.

Television networks
1960s establishments in Mexico

Nueve (Mexican TV network)


Nawang Gombu (1 May 1936 – 24 April 2011) was a Sherpa mountaineer who was the first man in the world to have climbed Mount Everest twice.

Gombu was born in Minzu, Tibet and later became an Indian citizen, as did many of his relatives including his uncle Tenzing Norgay.  He was the youngest Sherpa to reach 26,000 ft. In 1964, he became the first Indian and the third man in the world to summit Nanda Devi (24,645 ft). In 1965, he became the first man in the world to have climbed Mount Everest twice—a record that would remain unbroken for almost 20 years. First was with American Expedition in 1963 as the eleventh man in world  and the second was with Indian Everest Expedition 1965 as seventeenth.

Early life and background
Gombu was born in the Kharta region to the north-east of Everest. His early life was marked by the complexities of his parents' marriage. His father, Nawang, was a monk, the younger brother of the local feudal landowner. His mother, Tenzing's beloved older sister, was Lhamu Khipa, a nun from a family of serfs. The two eloped, causing a scandal, and for a time they lived in Khumbu, a Sherpa district on the other side of the border in Nepal.

As a young boy, Gombu was sent back to Tibet to become a monk at Rongbuk Monastery, an hour's walk below what is now Everest base camp. Gombu's grandmother was a cousin of the head lama, Trulshik Rinpoche, but the connection offered him no protection from the brutal punishment often meted out to novices who failed in their studies.

Career
After a year, Gombu fled with a friend, crossing the Nangpa La into Khumbu, where the first western visitors were beginning to explore the southern approaches to Everest.

He was the first man in the world to climb Everest twice with the Indian Expedition and American. No small feat as the record was not broken for a very long time. He climbed Mount Rainier numerous times and traveled extensively.

Nawang Gombu lived in Darjeeling, India, and spent his life at the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute retiring as an adviser there. He had four children and a wife Sita who lives in Darjeeling.

Honours and awards
He was awarded Arjuna award and Padma Bhushan  for his achievements.
Gombu attended reunions of climbs during the 1950s and 1960s as part of the 1963 Everest Expedition Celebrations. In 2006, he was awarded the Tenzing Norgay Lifetime Achievement Award in the field of Indian mountaineering by President APJ Abdul Kalam.

Gombu dedicated his later life to the Sherpa community, raising funds and being President of the Sherpa Buddhist Association for the past few years.

Awards

1953	–	Tiger Medal
1953	–	Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
1963 	–	Hubbard Medal of the National Geographic Society, USA
1964 	– 	Padma Shree - India
1965 	– 	Padma Bhushan – India
1966 	– 	Indian Mountaineering Foundation's Gold Medal – India
1967 	– 	Arjuna Award – India
2006 	– 	Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award – India

See also
Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise
List of Mount Everest records of India
List of Mount Everest records
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit

References

External links

 Online biography
 The Sherpas of Everest Series: Nawang Gombu Sherpa - EverestHistory.com
 Nawang Gombu: Mountain guide who became the first man to climb Everest twice - The Independent
 Stupa after legendary climber Nawang Gombu at HMI - Millennium Post
 Nawang Gombu: Heart of a Tiger - YouTube

1936 births
2011 deaths
People from Shigatse
Tibetan emigrants to India
Indian summiters of Mount Everest
Sherpa summiters of Mount Everest
Indian mountain climbers
People from Darjeeling
Mountain climbers from West Bengal
People with acquired Indian citizenship
Sherpa people
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in sports
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award
Recipients of Indian Mountaineering Foundation's Gold Medal

Nawang Gombu Sherpa


Doyle Elam Carlton, Sr. (July 6, 1885 – October 25, 1972) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 25th Governor of the state of Florida from 1929 to 1933.

Early life
Doyle Elam Carlton, the son of Albert and Martha Winfield McEwen Carlton, was born in Wauchula, Florida on July 6, 1885. He was born eighth out of ten children. He received his primary education in Wauchula and, as there was then no local high school, attended Stetson Academy where he served as an editor for the school newspaper and officer of the Phi Kappa Delta Society (later to become Delta Sigma Phi). He subsequently graduated from the Liberal Arts College of Stetson University with an A.B. in 1909. Doyle then attended The University of Chicago where he received an A.B. in 1910. He earned his L.L.B. in 1912 from Columbia University. In 1912, he was admitted to the practice of law in Florida and practiced law in Tampa beginning in that year.  On July 30, 1912, in Tampa, Doyle married Nell Ray, daughter of Edward Dennis and Mary Ellen Smith Ray.

Early political career
His political career began in 1916 when he  was elected to the Florida state senate for a two-year term as the State Senator from the 11th District, composed of Hillsborough and Pinellas counties.

After serving in the State Senate, Carlton would serve as Tampa's city attorney from 1925 to 1927. William J. Howey would claim during his gubernatorial campaign run in 1928 that Carlton would get large fees from selling municipal bonds when he was attorney and dodged serving in World War I.

1928 Gubernatorial election
In the Democratic primary on June 5, 1928 he received 77,569 first choice and 28,471 second choice votes to win in a field of five candidates, who included former Governor Sidney J. Catts. In November 1928, Doyle defeated his Republican opponent, William John Howey, by a margin of 148,455 votes to 95,018 votes. He assumed the office of governor on January 8, 1929. During Carlton's campaign he ran on the platform of "good government, good schools, and good roads".

Governorship
During his term, he faced several financial problems caused by the Great Depression which begun under his term. He had to reduce payrolls and cut many state jobs in an attempt to reduce the state's budget. Carlton would also support more banking regulations. He would even personally reduce his own salary as governor from $9,000 to $7,500.

During his tenure as governor the state would face several other issues such as: the collapse of the state's land boom, a violent hurricane hit the state and a Mediterranean Tephritidae infestation. He left office on January 3, 1933, returning to Tampa, Florida.

Although Carlton was against inheritance and income taxes along with legalizing parimutuel betting, a three cent gas tax would be created during his term in order to help with the construction of highways. A tax commission and purchasing agency would be established in order to combat overspending in the state government. In 1931, a bill legalizing pari-mutuel betting would be passed despite Carlton's veto. Despite this, the legislature would nullify it by a margin of one state senator's vote as many members of the state legislature were desperate for more income for the state.

Post-gubernatorial political career and life
In 1936, Governor Carlton ran for the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator. Although he was endorsed by the Democratic executive committee and most state newspapers, Charles O. Andrews lined up a powerful bloc of forces opposed to Carlton, and by a margin of 67,387 votes to 62,530 votes defeated Governor Carlton in the primary of August 11, 1936.

President Eisenhower would appoint Carlton as a member of the Commission on Civil Rights in December 1957 staying there until 1961. After leaving the Commission on Civil Rights, he would serve as a member of the National Agricultural Advisory Commission starting in 1961 and leaving the advisory commission in 1963.

Personal life
On July 30, 1912, Carlton married Nell Ray in Tampa. He died in Tampa in 1972 and was buried at Myrtle Hill Memorial Park in Tampa. They had three children, Martha Katharine Carlton Ward, Mary Ellen Carlton Ott, and Doyle Elam Carlton, Jr., all of whom are deceased. The latter served as a state senator and ran for Governor of Florida in 1960, but was defeated in the Democratic primary run-off election by C. Farris Bryant.

References

External links
Official Governor's portrait and biography from the State of Florida
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~crackerbarrel/Carl6.html Rootwebs

Democratic Party governors of Florida
1885 births
1972 deaths
Politicians from Tampa, Florida
People from Wauchula, Florida
Columbia Law School alumni
Stetson University alumni
20th-century American politicians

Doyle E. Carlton


Shanks is a 1974 American surrealist horror film about a puppeteer able to manipulate dead bodies like puppets. Mime Marcel Marceau, in his first major film role, plays the titular Malcolm Shanks. It was the last film directed by producer-director William Castle.

Plot
In a film that explicitly describes itself as "a grim fairy tale" (in intertitles), Malcolm Shanks (Marceau) is a deaf (but expert lip reader), mute puppeteer who lives with his cruel sister (Tsilla Chelton) and her alcoholic husband, Mr. Barton (Philippe Clay). His skill with puppets is noticed by Mr. Walker (also Marceau) who takes him on as a lab assistant at his gothic mansion. His sister and brother-in-law make him be the breadwinner, and are outraged when he keeps $50 of his own pay. The doctor's experiments involve reanimating the dead and controlling them like puppets. He begins with a frog and a chicken. When Mr. Walker dies unexpectedly, Malcolm comes home and cradles his puppet of Mr. Walker in his arms (Shanks's puppet shows are personal projects based on his family and people in the town, and he is making one of his teenage assistant and friend, Celia, for her birthday).  His family is outraged that he is not at work, and Barton smashes in the head of the puppet of Mr. Walker and insists Malcolm return to work, which he does by using the experimental procedure on Mr. Walker.

When Mr. Walker doesn't answer the phone, Barton arrives in person.  Malcolm attacks Barton with the reanimated chicken, and Barton falls down the stairs to his death.  Malcolm then buries Mr. Walker "out of mercy" (according to an intertitle), and animates Barton instead, walking him through the streets all the way home.  Barton's marionette-like movements can pass for drunkenness, and his wife runs out into the street where she is struck and killed by a car.  He evades a police officer (Morgan) responding to a neighbors call about the accident by setting his family up as though he is sitting between them watching TV as the officer shines the flashlight through the window.  He then animates her through the same procedure.

The next day, he takes them to the grocery store (outside of which he performs) to see if they can pass for living, which they do.  He pays off the Barton grocery tab over and above what is owed, and the grocer (Castle), allows them to take whatever they like, Malcolm having Barton fill a wicker basket with his characteristic gin.  He again encounters Celia, whose mother gives her permission to go with Malcolm on a picnic where he demonstrates all he can do with the Bartons, although she becomes very disturbed when she learns they are dead, which he gestures was the result of a car accident, implicitly for both.  Malcolm takes Celia to see Walker's mansion for her birthday. Celia is enchanted by pictures of Mr. Walker's beautiful wife (unseen by the audience), who predeceased him, finds one of her dresses, and reverently puts it on.  Malcolm, who also puts on 19th century attire (but keeping on his bell bottoms) then has dinner with Celia with the Bartons as servants.  Mrs. Barton cuts off her finger while cutting the cake, which Malcolm hides from Celia by putting in his lapel pocket.

Outside, a motorcycle gang is near the mansion when their leader, Beethoven (Phil Adams), runs off the road and is killed.  The gang carries him into the perpetually unlocked mansion and lays him on the table, sending the cake and other objects to the floor.  Other gang members attack Malcolm and Celia.  One of them, Goliath (Manard) sexually assaults Celia, and his girlfriend, Mata Hari (Kallianiotes) tries to stop him, but is unable.  Goliath hits Mata Hari, and she proceeds to get drunk on Barton's gin. Another gang member, Einstein (Calfa), becomes interested in Walker's experiments and makes the Bartons do tricks more humiliating than Malcolm would have considered.  Malcolm finds Celia lying dead in the yard, and animates Walker out of the grave to fight the gang after they throw the Barton controls into the well. The gang is horrified by Walker and flees.  In a sepia tone sequence, Malcolm reanimates Celia for a brief dance, at which point the film returns to the opening scene, revealing that the entire revenge scenario is simply what is going on in Malcolm's mind as he performs his puppet show, the imaginary sequence bookended with extreme close ups of Malcolm's eye.  Each puppet gets his curtain call, and the film ends with a quote from William Makepeace Thackeray: "Come... let us shut up the box and the puppets—for our play is played out."

Cast
 Marcel Marceau as Malcolm Shanks / Old Walker
 Tsilla Chelton as Mrs. Barton
 Philippe Clay as Mr. Barton
 Cindy Eilbacher as Celia
 Helena Kallianiotes as Mata Hari
 Larry Bishop as Napoleon
 Don Calfa as Einstein
 Biff Manard as Goliath

Production

Marceau, who had for decades before performed in his signature white face makeup and without speaking, both spoke and appeared without makeup for this film. He played two roles: Malcolm Shanks, who could not speak, and Old Walker, who could. He had appeared in 20 shorts and films in small and cameo roles, often as his mime character Bip. Director William Castle took an interest in him after watching him perform the pantomime "Youth, Maturity, Old Age and Death" and approached him with the script for Shanks, saying it dealt with similar themes. Said Marceau of the script, "it was exactly what I had been looking for."  The film was shot in Vancouver.

Release

Home media
Shanks was released for the first time on DVD and Blu-ray by Olive Films on May 28, 2013.

Reception

A. H. Weiler of The New York Times called the film "an extraordinary but only intermittently edifying fable", commending the film's performances, while criticizing the "far out" nature of its premise. Time Out London gave the film a mostly positive review, praising Clay, Chelton, Marceau's performances, while criticizing the film's third act as being routine. Concluding their review, Time Out stated that the film "nevertheless remains a strikingly effective experiment". Dennis Schwartz from Ozus' World Movie Reviews rated the film a grade B, writing, "Though the reanimation concept was inventive, it soon became tiresome and the awkward acting became a chore to watch as the film veered between comedy, sentimentality and unease. Shanks just had too slight of a story and it was too poorly paced to be much more than a freaky chiller that held my attention because it was so genuinely goofy." Roger Ebert awarded the film two out of four stars, calling the film "a disappointment", feeling that the film's intriguing concept, though well-handled, was never fully engaging. Ebert also criticized the film's slow pacing, and its character's lack of depth.

Awards and nominations
Composer-Conductor Alex North was nominated for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score for the 47th Academy Awards in 1975.  The score includes both horrific and often atonal music and clarinet-centered popular jazz reflecting a bygone era.

See also
 List of American films of 1974

References

External links

1974 films
1974 horror films
American science fiction horror films
American body horror films
Films about deaf people
Films scored by Alex North
Films directed by William Castle
Paramount Pictures films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Shanks (film)


James Malcolm Marcus Humphrey CBE OStJ DL FRICS (born 1 May 1938) is a Scottish Conservative Party politician.

He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford and on 15 October 1963, he married Sabrina Margaret Pooley. In 1969 he was admitted to the Royal Company of Archers. He was Chairman of Finance of Aberdeenshire County Council from 1970 to 1975, Chairman of Finance of Grampian Council from 1974 to 1978 (and Deputy Chairman from 1978 to 1986). He was the Conservative candidate in the 1991 Kincardine and Deeside by-election, coming second to Nicol Stephen of the Scottish Liberal Democrats.

He served as the Grand Master Mason of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1983 to 1988. He served as Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for Scotland of the Scottish Rite from 1995 until 2022.

His family own the Dinnet Estate in Aberdeenshire, he was a Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire and was formerly Deputy Provost of Aberdeenshire Council while a Conservative Councillor for Aboyne, Upper Deeside and Donside.

References
Burke's Peerage
Who's Who 2009

1938 births
Living people
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Scottish Conservative councillors
Deputy Lieutenants of Aberdeenshire
Officers of the Order of St John
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Members of the Royal Company of Archers
Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary candidates

J. M. Marcus Humphrey


General elections were held in Malta between 16 and 20 August 1849, the first in the country's history.

Background
In 1835, Malta was granted a Government Council by the British authorities. It consisted of the Governor, four officials and three members appointed by the governor. In June 1849 Governor Richard More O'Ferrall passed a new constitution that increased the Council to 18 members, of which ten would be appointed and eight elected.

Results
A total of 3,767 people were registered to vote, of which 3,315 cast votes, giving a turnout of 88%.

References

1849
1849 elections in Europe
1849 in Malta
August 1849 events

1849 Maltese general election


The Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a residential community for senior citizens, particularly those unable to care for themselves.

History

The Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care, formerly the Chinese Community Nursing Home for Greater Toronto, came about when Dr. Joseph Wong reportedly felt that there was a lack of emotional support and difficulty in communicating for Chinese seniors within mainstream medical facilities. In 1987, Dr. Joseph Wong, gathered a group of thirty Chinese Canadian friends who shared his vision of building a nursing home through grass-root fundraising effort.

The Yee Hong Centre was officially opened in October 1994. Located on a  site in the heart of Scarborough's Chinese community, the first Centre at Scarborough McNicoll has a nursing home with a specialized Alzheimer's unit and long-term care facility that was honoured thrice as Grand Prize winner of the Ontario Long Term Care Association (OLTCA) Occupational Health and Safety Week Competition since 1997. The Centre includes a Seniors Community Centre which offers a number of social and daycare activities as well as community outreach, drop-in programs and meals-on-wheels. The Macrobian Club, Yee Hong's seniors social club which operates within the seniors community centre, received the Certificate of Recognition from the Board of Health of the City of Scarborough. One of the Centre's other accomplishments is the non-profit housing complex - the Aw Chan Kam Chee Evergreen Manor - featuring 130 apartments and 26 family townhouses. The Centre applied to the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation, and was awarded a three-year accreditation in June 1996, its 20th month of operation. It was awarded the Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association's Award for Excellence in 1997. In 2003, it marked the third consecutive time Yee Hong has been accredited by the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation. With 155 beds at present in Scarborough McNicoll, the K.C. Poon Nursing Home is also connected to a medical centre and a rehabilitation centre. All of the Centre's staff are fluently bilingual in both English and Chinese and are familiar with the traditions of the Chinese culture.

In November 1996, just two years after the Scarborough McNicoll's grand opening, an ambitious $6 million expansion campaign was launched to add two floors with 65 more beds to the existing nursing home and extra day care program space. It received funding approval for the additional long term care beds from the provincial government in 1998. The expansion was completed and the first resident, who had been on the waiting list since 1994, was admitted on June 14, 1999.

In December 1999 the Council awarded another three-year accreditation to the just expanded facility. It praised Yee Hong for providing "stellar care" to elderly members of the Chinese population in Scarborough, and stated that there were no recommendations suggested to improve the facility.

With the Expansion Campaign accomplished, Yee Hong has provided care to communities in other regions and to other seniors. In 1998 and 2001, the Ministry of Health awarded Yee Hong Centre a total of 715 bed licences, the largest such allocation to a non-profit organization in the history of Ontario.

The Yee Hong Centre Capital Campaign was embarked upon in April 1999 to build three new Yee Hong Centres with 200 beds each in Markham and Mississauga and 250 in the new Scarborough Finch centre. Yee Hong extended its services to non-Chinese seniors, particularly those of the South Asian, Filipino and Japanese communities. All three centres contain an Alzheimer unit. A child care centre will exist side by side with the senior day care centre in the Markham and Mississauga sites with their location in relatively young communities. The Scarborough Finch Centre will accommodate a 5-bed dialysis unit, the first one of its kind to be based in a nursing home. A separate 10-bed hospice care centre unit within the complex is being built.

In 2019, the provincial government approved an additional 800 beds for Yee Hong (256 beds in Markham, 320 beds in Mississauga and 224 beds in Scarborough).

Locations
Scarborough McNicoll (Opened October 1994)
 2311 McNicoll Avenue
 Toronto, Ontario
 155 beds

Markham (Opened 2002)
 2780 Bur Oak Avenue
 Markham, Ontario
 200 beds
Mississauga (Opened October 2003)
 5510 Mavis Road
 Mississauga, Ontario
 200 beds

Scarborough Finch (Opened 2004)
 60 Scottfield Drive
 Toronto, Ontario
 250 beds

References

External links

 Official site
 Yee Hong Centre

Buildings and structures in Toronto
Health in Toronto
Nursing homes in Canada

Yee Hong Centre for Geriatric Care


Honister Pass is a mountain pass in the Lake District in Cumbria, England. It is located on the B5289 road, linking Seatoller, in the valley of Borrowdale, to Gatesgarth at the southern end of Buttermere. The pass reaches an altitude of , making it one of the highest in the region, and also one of the steepest, with gradients of up to 1-in-4 (25%). The saddle at the watershed is known as Honister Hause, using the Cumbrian word hause for such a feature.

Honister Pass is one of three passes that link the tourist area around Keswick, including Derwent Water and Borrowdale, with the valley of the River Cocker, including the lakes of Buttermere, Crummock Water and Loweswater. From north to south these passes are Whinlatter Pass, Newlands Pass and Honister Pass.

Honister Slate Mine and Honister Hause Youth Hostel are located at the summit of the pass.

Footpaths lead from the summit of the pass to Fleetwith Pike to the west, Grey Knotts to the south, and Dale Head to the north.

Honister Pass holds the UK 24-hour rainfall record; in the 24 hours to 6 pm on 5 December 2015,  of rain fell there.

See also
List of hill passes of the Lake District

References

External links
Streetmap.co.uk: map of Honister Pass
Visit Cumbria: Honister Pass
Honister Hause Youth Hostel

Roads in Cumbria
Mountain passes of the Lake District

Honister Pass


Lieutenant General Richard Rossmanith (born 16 March 1955 in Monheim, Donau-Ries district) is a German Army officer and currently Commander of the Multinational Joint Headquarters Ulm in Ulm, Germany.

Military career
Rossmanith joined the Army in 1973, joining a light infantry unit based in Munich. After attending studies in electrical engineering at Bundeswehr University of Munich, he became commanding officer of Light Infantry Battalion 112 in 1977, stationed in Regen, Bavaria. Between 1981 and 1985, Rossmanith served as a company commander, taking charge of the 2nd and later the 4th companies of the Panzergrenadier Battalion, again stationed in Regen.

Following company command, Rossmanith attended the Command and General and Staff Officers' Course in Hamburg, from which he graduated in 1987. He served in Brussels, Belgium, on his first assignment to NATO in 1987, serving as Desk Officer for Politico Military Affairs to the German Military Representative to the Military Committee. Returning to Germany, he served with Armoured Brigade 6, stationed in Hofgeismar, Hesse, in 1989, before being appointed Chief of Staff for 4 Panzergrenadier Division, based in Erfurt, Thuringia.

He took up his second assignment to NATO in 1991 and served as a branch chief at Headquarters, Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (BALTAP), in Karup Municipality, Denmark, where he served until 1993. He went on to serve in a staff position at the Federal Ministry of Defence in a variety of staff positions, before taking command of Panzergrenadier Battalion 212 in Augustdorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, between 1995 and 1997. In early 1997, he served with the German National Contingent of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force in the Balkans, after which he served with the German 7 Armoured Division, based in Düsseldorf, until 1999.

High command
Between October 1999 and May 2003, Rossmanith held a variety of staff posts, after which he took command of 9 Armoured Brigade, based in Münster, and deployed for a second tour in the Balkans, commanding Multinational Brigade Southwest, part of the Kosovo Force. He held the command until 2005, when he was appointed Deputy Director, Policy Planning and Advisory Staff at the Ministry of Defence, after which he became Chairman for Deployable Forces Coordination Group at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) until 2009. He then took up his fourth NATO position, as the first-ever Chief of Staff of Deployable Joint Staff Element 1, Allied Land Component Command in Heidelberg.

He took command of the stability division of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), succeeding Maj. Gen. (ITA Army) Claudio Mora, in October 2010.

In December 2012, Rossmanith took command of the Response Forces Operations Command (since July 2013: Multinational Joint Headquarters Ulm) in Ulm, Germany.

Awards and decorations
 Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr in Gold
 NATO Medal
 German Armed Forces Deployment Medal
SFOR clasp
KFOR clasp
ISAF clasp
 U.S. Meritorious Service Medal

References

1955 births
Living people
People from Donau-Ries
Bundeswehr generals
People of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Bundeswehr University Munich alumni
German military personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Recipients of the Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr
Lieutenant generals of the German Army
Military personnel from Bavaria

Richard Rossmanith


Darryl Quinn Hamilton (December 3, 1964 – June 21, 2015) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1988 and 2001 for the Milwaukee Brewers, Texas Rangers, San Francisco Giants, Colorado Rockies, and New York Mets. Hamilton prepped at Louisiana State University Laboratory School in Baton Rouge and then attended Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana.

Baseball career

Milwaukee Brewers
Hamilton was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 11th round of the 1986 Major League Baseball draft and signed a contract with them on June 12, 1986. He made his professional debut that season with the Helena Gold Sox of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, hitting .391 in 65 games. In 1987 with the Stockton Ports of the Class A California League, he hit .328 in 125 games with eight homers and 61 RBI, on a team that was rated one of the top farm teams in Brewers history. He began 1988 with the Denver Zephyrs of the Class AAA American Association, where he hit .325 in 72 games.

Hamilton made his MLB debut on June 3, 1988, as a defensive replacement for Robin Yount in the top of the seventh against the California Angels. In his first at-bat, in the bottom of the inning, he singled to center field off of Stew Cliburn of the Angels for his first major league hit. He hit his first home run off of Bret Saberhagen of the Kansas City Royals on July 19, 1988. In 44 games with the Brewers during the second half of the 1988 season, Hamilton hit .184.  His most notable moment that season was during his first start in left field, on September 3, he collided with shortstop Dale Sveum while chasing a blooper over third base. They collided with such force that Sveum's leg snapped, causing him to miss the rest of the season and all of the 1989 season and derailing his career. Hamilton avoided injury but spent the entire 1989 season back in the minors with the Zephyrs, where he hit .286 in 129 games.

In 1990, despite missing time with injuries, Hamilton played in 89 games and hit .295. He was awarded with the Brewers "Unsung Hero Award" in 1990 and the "Good Guy Award" in 1991 when he hit .311 in 122 games while still dealing with an assortment of injuries.

Hamilton stole 41 bases for the Brewers in 1992, while hitting .298 in 128 games. The Brewers as a team stole 256 bases, which was almost 100 more than the second place American League (AL) team. In a game on August 28, 1992, the Brewers set an AL record by recording 31 hits in a single game in a 22–2 rout of the Toronto Blue Jays. Hamilton had four hits and five RBI in that game.

When long-time Brewer star Paul Molitor left via free agency before the 1993 season, Hamilton became more important to the Brewers offense. He had some more injuries this season, but Hamilton still led his team in batting average (.310), hits (161), singles (130) and stolen bases (21) and was awarded with the team's "Harvey Kuenn Award."

The Brewers decision to move Hamilton from right field into center field for the 1994 season contributed to Hall of Famer Robin Yount's decision to retire after the 1993 season.

In 1994, Hamilton played in only 36 games (hitting .262) before he was shut down for the season and underwent reconstructive elbow surgery. Despite missing most of the season, the Milwaukee chapter of the Baseball Writers Association voted him the recipient of the "Michael Harrison Award" for community service. Hamilton was also one of the Brewers player representatives during the leadup to the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike.

In his final season as a member of the Brewers, in 1995, Hamilton played in 112 games and hit .271 with 11 stolen bases. In his seven seasons with the team, he had an overall .290 batting average in 666 games and hit 23 home runs, drove in 253 RBI and stole 109 bases. After the 1995 season, the Brewers declined Hamilton's $2.5 million contract option, making him a free agent. Hamilton filed a grievance against the Brewers, claiming that he was benched in the weeks of the season in order to keep him from reaching 550 plate appearances which would have automatically picked up the option. The grievance was resolved in an undisclosed negotiated settlement.

Texas Rangers
Hamilton signed with the Texas Rangers on a one-year, $1.3 million, contract on December 14, 1995, for the 1996 season. He was critical of the Brewers when he signed with the Rangers, saying they were not interested in building a winning team. Hamilton played in a career best 148 games with the Rangers and was their regular starting center fielder. He hit .293 with six homers and 51 RBI and also stole 15 bases. He described his experience with the Rangers as "great." Hamilton did not make an error all season and led all center fielders in putouts as the Rangers put a premium on defense that season. The Rangers won the American League West division and the first playoff berth in franchise history. In the 1996 American League Division Series against the New York Yankees, Hamilton had three hits in 19 at-bats as the Rangers dropped the series three games to one .

San Francisco Giants
Hamilton signed a two-year contract with the San Francisco Giants on January 10, 1997. On June 12, he got the first hit in the first-ever regular-season interleague game, when the Giants defeated the Rangers 4–3. In 125 games, Hamilton had a .270 batting average, five homers, 43 RBI and 15 stolen bases. In the 1997 National League Division Series, Hamilton was hitless in five at-bats as the Giants were swept in three games by the eventual World Series champion Florida Marlins. He followed that up by playing in 97 games for the Giants in 1998 and hitting .294.

Colorado Rockies
The Giants traded Hamilton and Jim Stoops to the Colorado Rockies for Ellis Burks on July 31, 1998. Hamilton was surprised by the trade, wanting to complete his contract in San Francisco.  In 51 games he hit .335. He re-signed with the Rockies after the 1998 season for one year and $3.6 million and played in 91 games in the 1999 season with an OBP of .374 for them.

New York Mets
Hamilton was traded to the New York Mets with Chuck McElroy for Rigo Beltrán, Brian McRae, and Thomas Johns on July 31, 1999. He played with the Mets through the 2001 season. In his three seasons with them he played in 150 games and hit .283. Hamilton and the Mets played in the post-season in both 1999 and 2000. In 1999, the Mets made the playoffs as a result of winning a one game playoff against the Cincinnati Reds.  Once in, they defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 1999 National League Division Series before losing to the Atlanta Braves in six games in the National League Championship Series. Hamilton had six hits in 17 at-bats in that series.

In 2000, the Mets defeated the San Francisco Giants in four games in the 2000 National League Division Series and the St. Louis Cardinals in five games in the 2000 National League Championship Series. Hamilton was a part-time player in the series, with only five at-bats in the division series and two in the championship series. In the 2000 World Series against the New York Yankees was hitless in three at-bats with two strikeouts as the Yankees won the series in five games. Hamilton was disappointed with his playing time during the playoffs and had a meeting with manager Bobby Valentine during spring training the following year to discuss his reduced playing time. Things did not improve for him and he asked for his release at the end of June, and it was granted on July 11, 2001. He signed a minor league contract with the Rockies a week later, but was released on July 25 after four games with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. He retired at the end of the 2001 season.

Over his 13-year career, Hamilton batted .291, with 51 home runs and 454 RBI in 1328 games. As an outfielder, he collected 2711 putouts and 45 assists, committing only 14 errors in 2770 total chances, for a .995 fielding percentage.

Broadcasting career
Hamilton worked for MLB Advanced Media from 2003 to 2006 and also worked for NBC Sports Network's Sports Talk and KPRC-TV in Houston. Also in Texas, Hamilton lent his voice to KFNC and KGOW. At the conclusion of the 2006 baseball postseason, Hamilton began working in the Major League Baseball Commissioner's Office of On-Field Operations, reporting to Vice President Bob Watson.

In 2012, Hamilton was named as a color analyst for a limited series of Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim games to be broadcast nationally by Compass Media Networks radio. In 2013, he joined the MLB Network as an on-air analyst. In 2014, Hamilton served as a part-time color analyst on Brewers radio broadcasts, rotating with Craig Counsell and Jerry Augustine to call games with Joe Block when primary announcer Bob Uecker was absent.

Personal life
Hamilton was married in 1994 to Access Hollywood anchor Shaun Robinson; they later divorced. Hamilton married fashion model Ursaline Steinke in 2000, with whom he had two sons, Donovan and Julian.

At the time of his death, Hamilton was living in an affluent neighborhood in suburban Houston, Texas, in a house belonging to his girlfriend, Monica Jordan. Jordan, a graduate of Florida State University and University of Houston Law Center, was an attorney who had been employed by Enron and Halliburton. The couple had a son together in 2014.

Death
Around 4:45 p.m. on June 21, 2015, Hamilton, 50, and his girlfriend, Monica Jordan, 44, were found dead in their Pearland, Texas, house, in what appeared to be a murder–suicide. Investigators said it appeared Hamilton had been shot more than once and Jordan died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Hamilton and Jordan's 13 month-old child was found alive by police in the home and taken into the custody of Texas Child Protective Services. According to Pearland police, there did not appear to have been a struggle and the incident "occurred just inside the front door." A third party called 9-1-1.

According to Brazoria County District Attorney Jeri Yenne, Jordan previously pleaded guilty to felony arson in 2008 arising from a 2006 incident in which she burned down the house in which she had been living with her then-husband Rohaven Richards. Jordan allegedly had suspected Richards of cheating on her and chased him around the house while trying to douse him in gasoline.

Hamilton's remains are interred in Southern Memorial Gardens in Baton Rouge.

References

External links

The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp. Language: English.
 Darryl Hamilton at Baseball Library

1964 births
2015 deaths
2015 murders in the United States
Louisiana State University Laboratory School alumni
Nicholls State University alumni
Major League Baseball center fielders
Colorado Rockies players
Milwaukee Brewers players
New York Mets players
San Francisco Giants players
Nicholls Colonels baseball players
Texas Rangers players
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Burials in Louisiana
Sportspeople from Dallas
Sportspeople from Manhattan
Baseball players from New York City
Helena Gold Sox players
Stockton Ports players
Denver Zephyrs players
Phoenix Firebirds players
St. Lucie Mets players
Norfolk Tides players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
American murder victims
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim announcers
MLB Network personalities
Milwaukee Brewers announcers
Deaths by firearm in Texas
People murdered in Texas
Male murder victims
Murder–suicides in Texas
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players

Darryl Hamilton


Matthew Kaminski (born November 11, 1971) is an American journalist working as the editor-in-chief of Politico. He is also the founding editor of Politico Europe, which launched on April 21, 2015. He was previously a foreign correspondent, opinion writer, and editor at The Wall Street Journal.

Early life and education

Kaminski was born in Warsaw, Poland, and emigrated to the United States in 1980. After graduating from Georgetown Day School, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Yale University and a Master of Arts in international politics from the University of Paris.

Career
While based in Kyiv from 1994 to 1997, Kaminski reported for the Financial Times and The Economist on the former Soviet Union. He subsequently joined The Wall Street Journal as Brussels correspondent, and in 2004 was awarded the Peter Weitz Prize by the German Marshall Fund for a series of columns about the European Union. In 2005, he became the editorial page editor of the Journal's European edition, based in Paris. He moved to New York to work on the editorial board in 2008, writing mostly about international affairs. His coverage of the Russo-Ukrainian War won an Overseas Press Club prize in 2015. He was also a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in commentary. He joined Politico in December 2014.

Kaminski has also contributed to Tablet, an online magazine focused on Jewish interests.

References

External links
 Biography at Politico

 Politico Pierces the 'Brussels Bubble' With U.S.-Style Coverage
 The Progress 1000: Editors and Journalists

American male journalists
Yale College alumni
Living people
1971 births
Polish emigrants to the United States
Georgetown Day School alumni

Matthew Kaminski


Norketamine, or N-desmethylketamine, is the major active metabolite of ketamine, which is formed mainly by CYP3A4. Similarly to ketamine, norketamine acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, but is about 3–5 times less potent as an anesthetic in comparison.

History
Norketamine was synthesized by Calvin Lee Stevens in the early 1960s, as part of his team's work on α-aminoketones at Wayne State University.

While most research has historically focused on its precursor, researchers have taken notice of norketamine's putative effects. Beginning in the late 1990s, Danish researchers discovered its role as a NMDA receptor antagonist. Later research uncovered its use as an antinociceptive, or "painkiller."

Following the 2019 approval of the ketamine enantiomer esketamine by the European Medicines Agency and  FDA for use with treatment-resistant depression, researchers and pharmaceutical companies have sought other effective intermediates and metabolites of racemic ketamine.

Much of the research examining the potential role of norketamine as a distinct anti-depressant to its precursor began in the mid-2010s. Rodent models have showcased that norketamine crosses the blood-brain barrier, though considerably less efficiently than ketamine. Accordingly, its antidepressant effects are less potent than enantiomers of ketamine, but appear to be as effective as esketamine in its potency and duration. Unlike esketamine, (S)-norketamine does not appear to significantly impact prepulse inhibition (reduction of the startle reflex) and as such appears to have significantly fewer psychotomimetic effects - which may indicate that it could be a safer alternative to ketamine for use as an antidepressant in humans.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics
Similarly to ketamine, norketamine acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki = 1.7 μM and 13 μM for (S)-(+)-norketamine and (R)-(–)-norketamine, respectively). Also, similarly again to ketamine, norketamine binds to the μ- and κ-opioid receptors. Relative to ketamine, norketamine is much more potent as an antagonist of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and produces rapid antidepressant effects in animal models which have been reported to correlate with its activity at this receptor. However, norketamine is about 1/5 as potent as ketamine as an antidepressant in mice as per the forced swim test, and this seems also to be in accordance with its 3–5-fold reduced comparative potency in vivo as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Norketamine's metabolites, dehydronorketamine (DHNK) and hydroxynorketamine (HNK), are far less or negligibly active as NMDA receptor antagonists in comparison, but retain activity as potent antagonists of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Pharmacokinetics
Ketamine is effectively metabolized by the superfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2B6 and CYP3A. Though these enzymes are predominantly found in the liver, they are present in many other organs and tissue groups throughout the body, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of such cells. Peak concentration of norketamine occurs roughly 17 minutes after initially administering ketamine. The subsequent metabolism of norketamine to hydroxynorketamine and dehydronorketamine from ketamine occurs 2–3 hours after ketamine infusion, and occurs at a roughly 30:70 formation ratio. HNK is formed via the hydroxylation of the cyclohexone ring; these are then conjugated with glucoronic acid to form DHNK.

As with their precursors ketamine and norketamine, HNK and DHNK are of great interest to pharmacologists for their putative anti-depressant and analgesic properties.

Chemistry

Synthesis
Stevens' original design utilized a continuous flow of bromine and ammonia, each highly toxic and corrosive reagents with considerable material compatibility issues.

References

Arylcyclohexylamines
Antidepressants
Chloroarenes
Dissociative drugs
General anesthetics
Human drug metabolites
Kappa-opioid receptor agonists
Ketones
Mu-opioid receptor agonists
Nicotinic antagonists
NMDA receptor antagonists
Sedatives

Norketamine


Walter Alvoid "Walt" Hummel (June 19, 1892 – May 1978) was an American track and field athlete. He was United States champion in the 440 yd hurdles in 1916.

Biography

Hummel was born in Portland, Oregon on June 19, 1892, and represented the Multnomah Athletic Club. He took up track and field as a school boy and competed in a wide variety of events, including sprints, hurdles, jumps and throws, but he never tried his eventual specialty, the 440 yd (402.3 m) hurdles, until July 1915. He had no coach, but self-developed an efficient hurdling technique resembling that of champion hurdler Robert Simpson.

Hummel was selected as captain of the Multnomah A. C.'s track and field team in 1916. That year he emerged as a serious challenger to world record holder Bill Meanix, who until then had been America's top 440 yd hurdler.
At the 1916 national championships Hummel first won the junior 440 yd hurdles, running a junior meeting record of 56.4 (the junior championships were not yet limited to athletes aged under 20). The following day he also won the senior title, defeating Meanix; Meanix went out hard and led for much of the way, but Hummel caught him and won by two yards. Hummel's winning time of 54.8 was a meeting record, and only 0.2 seconds off Meanix's world record. Meanix beat him in 55.0 in a rematch the following week; Hummel had been ready to finish his season and asked for the rematch to be canceled, but was eventually persuaded to run. Despite losing the rematch Hummel was named by the AAU as the year's top 440 yd hurdler, ahead of Meanix.

United States joined World War I in 1917, and Hummel enlisted in the United States Army. Like a number of other top athletes, he obtained a leave of absence to compete in the 1917 national championships; he was one of three favorites for the 440 yd hurdles title, the others being Meanix and newcomer Floyd Smart. However, he was sick before the meet and his training had been very limited, and he placed third as Smart equaled his meeting record. During the war he was a sergeant with the 364th Field Hospital Company and assisted Simpson as a military track and field coach at Camp Lewis.

Hummel later ran a hardware store in Eugene, Oregon, with baseball player Joe "Flash" Gordon as one of his business partners.

References

1892 births
1978 deaths
Track and field athletes from Portland, Oregon
American male hurdlers
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army soldiers

Walter Hummel (athlete)


Santa Maria dell' Itria  is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located in the city of Ragusa, in southern Sicily, Italy.

History

A church was erected here in the 14th century in the former Jewish quarter of the "Cartellone", by the order of the Knights of Malta, specifically the Commenda di Modica-Randazzo, founded by the Count of Modica born to the Chiaramonte family. The symbols of an octagonal cross hearken to this group.

The initial church was dedicated to the Holy Bishop Giuliano l'Ospedaliere, and there was an adjacent hospice to the church. The church was little damaged by the earthquake of 1693, and was not modified until the first half of the 18th-century to modernize the church in a baroque style. The façade, completed in 1740. The interior has a rich decoration of floral terracotta decorations. The interior has a central nave and two aisles separated by Corinthian columns. The arch of the presbytery was completed in 1739.

The church has five lateral altars (1741-1758) enriched by sculptures and intaglio by the Cultraro family. Among these, the altars of San Giuliano and of the Crucifix, the oldest, have some of the most elaborate decoration with garlands of flower and fruit. The altars of San Biagio and the Holy Family are more restrained. The altar of the presbytery houses the canvas depicting the Madonna dell'Idria, derived from the Greek Odigitria meaning the Our Lady of the Way. At the start of the right nave is the Chapel of the Addolorata  completed in the 19th century.

References

Roman Catholic churches in Ragusa
Baroque architecture in Ragusa
15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy

Santa Maria dell'Itria, Ragusa


Total Death is the sixth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Darkthrone. It was recorded in August and October 1995 at Ancient Specter Ruins and released in 1996 by Moonfog Productions.

All of the album's lyrics were written either by members of other black metal bands or Nocturno Culto (unlike the band's usual method on other Darkthrone albums, in which Fenriz was the main lyricist).

The album was released on CD and LP; the vinyl edition featured different cover art. In March 2011, Total Death was reissued by Peaceville Records with an extra track and an extra CD of commentary by the band members. The extra track was recorded around the same time as the album and previously appeared on a Moonfog compilation.

Track listing
Lyrics by Nocturno Culto unless noted otherwise.

Credits
Fenriz – drums, electric guitar and  bass guitar on tracks 1, 4, 6 and 8
Nocturno Culto – vocals, electric guitar and bass guitar on tracks 2, 3, 5 and 7

References

Darkthrone albums
1996 albums

Total Death


Castillo de Teayo is a mesoamerican Prehispanic archeological site and Mesoamerican pyramid, located in the La Huasteca region in northern Veracruz, Mexico. The main access to the site is via Federal Highway 130 México-Tuxpan up to the city of Teayo, it belongs to the Huastec culture and it is estimated it was inhabited between the 10th and 12th centuries.

In the modern era the contemporary settlement of Castillo de Teayo developed around the ancient pyramid that the settlement and its municipality of Castillo de Teayo were named after.
In the Tuxpan Canvas, this place is represented by the Teayotlán glyph. According to one version, the name etymology comes from the Huastec language word teayo o teayoc, which means "on the stone turtle".

Another official version of the name is that it comes from the Nahuatl word Teayok, Te-ayo-k "Turtle on stone". The site received its current name because there is a temple or archaeological monument in the municipality, as the only remaining vestige of a large ancient city, a mixture of the Olmec and Huastec cultures. It used to be called Tzapotlán.

Site history
This site was home to one of the ancient Huastec cities. Its occupation periods are calculated from the 10th to the 12th centuries, and during the Late Postclassic period it developed a strong Mexica influence. In the center of the town is a pyramidal shaped building that preserves part of its entire structure, with a stairway and a structure that crowned the building, probably a temple, and it is one of the few buildings of this type remaining in the Mesoamerican area.  Sculptures found in the surrounding area are kept in the small site museum. Their stylistic features depict phallic worship, very common in some cultural regions. More information is available in the small site museum which contains sculptures found during excavations of the city. Some of the sculptures that were found in the area characterized a cult-like phallic style, very popular in some ancient cultures.

This site combines various cultural traditions, first the Huastec (10th to 12th centuries), and the Aztec, in the late Postclassical. According to specialists, the architecture of the only remaining building is of Aztec filiation, although the village also had relationships with Toltec groups from the Mexican Plateau.

The Olmec-vixtoti culture became the Cuexteca or Huastec culture. In relation to the Maya and Toltec societies, there was an important influence on the site sculptures. However, there is another version that says that the sculptural style corresponds to a Toltec occupation.

The Huastec culture developed south of the current states of Tamaulipas, north of Veracruz, east of San Luis Potosí and small areas of the states of Puebla, Querétaro and Hidalgo. Although this geographic-cultural regionalization has not been stable through time, Teayo Castle is included in this region.

Structure – Castillo de Teayo

The Castillo de Teayo is a prehispanic pyramid of Toltec origin; its architectural and stylistic features reveal the influence of Huastec and Mexica cultures. The Castillo de Teayo is situated in a Valley, in the center of town and consists of three bodies, slightly inclined, separated by a landing. Its plant is square with sides of about 24 meters and height is more than 11 meters.

As an ornamental feature, it has a small flat molding, which runs all around its perimeter, at 1.40 meters high. Surrounding it were several sculptures of different size and style, which are currently at the Museum, along with other pieces from the site excavations.

The humidity has damaged the stucco and the archaeological jewel walls. The prehispanic Toltec pyramid with influence from the Huastec and Mexica cultures from the 15th century displays serious damages as a result of the neglect on the part of the National Institute of Anthropology and History. Municipality inhabitants are unhappy to see how the central pyramid and the ceremonial temple as the most archaeological asset in this area are affected by the lack of palm roofing which has failed to protect the priceless archaeological structure from water and moisture.

Site museum
INAH informs that a site museum exists located at Pyramid Plaza w/o number. Downtown, Zip Code 92940, Castillo de Teayo, Veracruz.

The cultural heritage comprises pre-Hispanic objects from the Veracruz northern region, mainly Castillo de Teayo archeological site – mostly stone sculptures with representations of gods, animals, and human figures. During the visit more information is available over the ancient site inhabitants, their origin and history, as well as details of the exhibited articles.

References

External links

Official Site Castillo de Teayo Municipality
 Veracruz Portal Veracruz archaeological sites

Mesoamerican sites
Former populated places in Mexico
Huastec sites
Aztec sites
Buildings and structures in Mesoamerica
Archaeological sites in Veracruz
Tourist attractions in Veracruz
Archaeological museums in Mexico
Museums in Veracruz

Castillo de Teayo (Mesoamerican site)