The 4th Floor is a 1999 mystery horror thriller film, written and directed by Josh Klausner in his directorial debut and starring Juliette Lewis, William Hurt, Shelley Duvall and Austin Pendleton. The film was released in 1999 on Fantasy Filmfest in Germany, but was not released in the US until 2000 when it went direct-to-video. It was filmed on location in New York City and Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. The original music was written by Brian Tyler.

Plot
The film follows Jane (Lewis) who has inherited a rent-controlled brownstone apartment from her late aunt, and, despite her boyfriend Greg's (Hurt) appeals, has decided to move in and live on her own for the first time. She meets Martha Stewart (Duvall), her neighbor from the first floor, who tells her the names of all the occupants of the building, including the person who lives on the 4th floor, an old woman named Alice who is a hermit. The next morning, she finds a note on her door, warning her against the noise she was making while moving in. Jane quickly dismisses it and continues moving around her furniture. Another note appears and she calls a locksmith after someone tampers with her locks. The locksmith (Bell) is a strange man who lives in the building across from Jane, whom she suspected of harming a woman earlier.

Jane makes a friend out of Mr. Collins (Pendleton), a kindly old man who was also friends with Greg in high school. After an argument with Greg about her refusal to move in with him, her tiles on her kitchen floor are smashed by her neighbor from downstairs and she calls the police. Furious, she gets her own back by making more noise. The next morning, she falls down the stairs by tripping on a stair smeared with grease. She then tries to make amends by sending her neighbor a sorry note asking for a truce.

However, things get worse as Jane's bathtub and apartment are infested with maggots and mice, and she calls an exterminator (Costanzo) to handle the problem. She then finds out from a Korean grocer that Alice, the neighbor right beneath her, had suddenly stopped ordering her daily groceries. When she tries to tell Martha this, Martha turns against her, saying she has no respect for privacy or authority and that she is toeing the line by calling the police and talking to the Koreans. After the exterminator reveals that the mice infestation was no accident and that most likely her neighbor had been putting them through a drilled hole in her floor, Jane becomes terrified. She decides to break into the 4th floor to take pictures and gather evidence. There, she finds mice and rats in cages, a typewriter and the ceiling completely mapped out with her furniture, along with the word "Portcullis" written on a wall.

She then receives a call from the buzzer that a package is waiting for her. She opens the giant parcel to find it full of packing noodles, the same ones she found in the trash bags outside the neighbor's door, along with her sorry note saying "Truce accepted". She panics when she finds pictures of her aunt's dead body and decides to pack the evidence and go to the police. However, she is attacked and knocked out by the unknown neighbor and her evidence is stolen. When she gets out of hospital, she tries to show Greg and the police the hole the neighbor drilled in her floor, but the hole has mysteriously disappeared. Greg then tries to convince Jane that no one believes her fears and that she should move out of the apartment and stay with him.

Jane goes back to the apartment and furiously bangs on the neighbor's door, yelling for him to come out. She is then comforted by Mr. Collins, who takes her back to his place. She then notices strange patterns on Mr. Collins's ceiling and, to her horror, sees the word "Portcullis", revealing Mr. Collins himself to be her terrorizing neighbor. She is immediately knocked out by Mr. Collins, who drags her upstairs to the 4th floor. Jane awakens in a room full of flies and she finds a dead body covered with maggots, presumably Alice. She tries to escape the apartment filled with packing noodles and hits Mr. Collins with a crowbar. She goes up to her apartment to call the police, but the line is dead. She then tries to escape through her front door, but her attacker has tied her door knob to the stairway railing. Mr. Collins breaks in through her window and Jane hides behind the fireplace shield. The locksmith appears and tries to fight off Mr. Collins, but he is eventually overwhelmed. Jane then stomps on the floor until a large decoration hanging over her doorway falls on Mr. Collins. She then runs out the door which had been untied by the locksmith, but is caught again by Mr. Collins, who attempts to kill her with a knife. Suddenly, Greg appears and asks Mr. Collins to hand over the knife, but Mr. Collins angrily refuses and raises up the knife to attack him, only for Jane to push him over the stair railing and cause him to fall screaming down five flights of stairs to his death.

A few months later, Jane is seen in Greg's apartment talking to her friend Cheryl (Grdevich) from work on the phone, who tells her that the locksmith had something to show Jane. She replies that it is a good thing as she did not get a chance to thank him. The final scene reveals that the locksmith has been looking through his window and sketching and painting what he sees. The camera pans through the room at all his paintings and the camera stops on a picture showing Greg and Mr. Collins talking at a table in front of the typewriter used to type threatening messages to Jane.

Cast
Juliette Lewis as Jane Emelin
William Hurt as Greg Harrison
Shelley Duvall as Martha Stewart
Austin Pendleton as Albert Collins
Artie Lange as Jerry
Sabrina Grdevich as Cheryl
Robert Costanzo as The Exterminator
Tobin Bell as The Locksmith
Lorna Millican as Mrs. Bryant
George Pottle as Mr. Bryant

References

External links

1999 films
1999 directorial debut films
1999 horror films
1999 independent films
1990s psychological thriller films
American independent films
American psychological thriller films
Films scored by Brian Tyler
Nu Image films
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in New Brunswick
Films with screenplays by Josh Klausner
1990s English-language films
Films set in apartment buildings
Films produced by Boaz Davidson
1990s American films

The 4th Floor (1999 film)


The Young Duke - a moral tale though gay is the third novel written by Benjamin Disraeli who would later become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  Despite its moderate success, Disraeli came to dislike the novel which was a hindrance to his political career.

Background

Disraeli started writing The Young Duke in late 1829, completing it in March 1830, as a means to finance his upcoming Grand Tour.

Synopsis

The infant George Augustus Frederick succeeds to the wealthy dukedom of St James on the death of his father, whose sister's husband (Earl Fitz-pompey) expects to be ward of the young duke.  Instead George is entrusted to a neighbour, Mr Dacre, a Catholic.  Over time Fitz-pompey dazzles George with his glamorous aristocratic lifestyle such that George eventually moves in permanently to the earl's household when Dacre leaves the country on account of the health of his wife.  The earl lines up his youngest daughter (Caroline) to be George's bride and over time is increasingly critical of Dacre.

George returns from his Grand Tour conceited and distant.  He enters society and is very popular, meeting and falling in love with Lady Aphrodite Grafton, who is in a loveless marriage with Lord Lucius Grafton. On hearing Dacre has returned to England, George makes a token effort towards his former guardian by sending one of his servants, masquerading as the duke, to visit on a day he knows Dacre and his family will not be home.

As a consequence of the machinations of Fitz-pompey, George sees less of Lady Aphrodite and comes round to the idea of marrying Caroline until he meets a beautiful young lady, who turns out to be Dacre's daughter, May.  May is disdainful of George, realising the truth of the faked visit years earlier since George in no way resembles the man her servants described as having visited her father.

Seeing George's affection for May, Mrs Dallington Vere (a friend of May) and Lucius Grafton hatch a plot to line up Lady Aphrodite with the young duke, since Lucius wants to be shot of his wife.  They perceive May as a threat to their plans and, aware that May is reputed to be romantically involved with her cousin Arundel, endeavour to keep George and May apart. George declares his love to May but she rejects him on account of his character and treatment of her father. The young duke seeks solace in a ruined abbey and resolves to remove himself from May's social circle, and gets involved in the racing set, with whom he is very popular.

Although their plot is going to plan, Mrs Dallington Vere reveals to Lucius that she can no longer continue with it since she has fallen for Arundel, whereupon Lucius reveals he is in love with May.  Shortly afterwards the young duke and his friends organise a party with a wide invitation list. Walking in the garden at the party, George takes pity on Aphrodite and proposes. Shortly afterwards he hears a shriek and finds Lucius on bended knee in front of a horrified May. George announces himself as May's "protector" and hurriedly gets her on a coach home. Lucius challenges George to a duel and they resolve not to tell anyone of its cause.

Neither party is seriously injured in the duel and the participants decide to let the rumour spread that the dispute was over an opera singer ("The Bird of Paradise").  Relieved by the duel of his commitment to Lady Aphrodite, George once again proposes to May who rejects him again but this time far more respectfully and affectionately.

Depressed, George retreats to his Cornish estate where he receives news from his bankers that his finances are in dire straits. He meets his bankers in London before retreating to Brighton where he adds to his financial woes by losing £100k in a few nights' gambling.  He returns to London and, shortly after learning that both the Bird of Paradise and Lady Aphrodite have eloped with two of his gambling acquaintances, he writes to Mr Dacre requesting his help in resolving his financial predicament. Mr Dacre accepts and before going to stay with him, George, expecting that he will be obliged to emigrate, has an emotional farewell with Caroline.

Staying with Mr Dacre, George once again spends time with May. He is saddened when he comes across her and Arundel in an intense discussion, arriving at the conclusion that Arundel will only propose if he wins a seat in Parliament. At a forthcoming election, George induces Caroline's brother to stand down in favour of Arundel whose passage to Parliament is secured.

As an MP, Arundel is instrumental in getting the Roman Catholic Relief Bill passed by the House of Commons. George resolves to secretly go to London to take his seat in the House of Lords where, despite his brilliant speech, the bill is defeated. In Parliament he meets Arundel who entrusts him with an important letter for Mr Dacre which George presumes to be a request for his daughter's hand in marriage.

On arrival back at Dacre's estate, George is greeted as a hero. Mr Dacre opens the letter and, without revealing its contents, says that he and May should discuss it later. May and George then go for a walk in the ruined abbey and this time May accepts George's proposal of marriage. On their return to the house, Mr Dacre happily endorses the union and also sets out a plan for resolving George's financial problems.

George conveys the news of his engagement by letter to Fitz-pompey, whose reply discloses the engagement of Arundel to Caroline. In subsequent correspondence Fitz-pompey reveals that Lady Aphrodite has thwarted Lucius's demands for divorce by producing the letters between her husband and Mrs Dallington Vere, exposing their plotting. Arundel challenges Lucius to a duel and shoots him in the leg such that it has to be amputated. Mrs Dallington Vere is forced to the leave the country, whilst relatives of her deceased husband contest her entitlements under the terms of his will.

The novel ends 4 years later with the Duke and Duchess of St James living happily with their two young children and Arundel being a much celebrated politician.

Reception

Disraeli's father, the novelist Isaac D'Israeli, expressed surprise at his son's choice of subject matter for the novel exclaiming, 'The Young Duke! What does Ben know of dukes?'
Disraeli had reservations about the book and considered scrapping it.  Nevertheless it was published and, despite a negative review in The Quarterly Review, was both well received and reasonably successful, yielding its author £500.  Over time, however, Disraeli's reservations grew such that he subsequently "bowlderised" it for the 1853 edition, in an advertisement for which he wrote that, "Young authors are apt to fall into affectation and conceit, and the writer sinned very much in this respect."

A review of the 1866 edition appearing in The Spectator concludes that although "we know of no more successful writer" and that The Young Duke contains "a gleam of true power" (i.e. the gambling scenes) the general level is "infinitely below - conceited, trivial, supercilious, dull."

Modern reviews are slightly less damning.  Disraeli's biographer, Robert Blake, writes of the novel that, "It is indeed an enjoyable book despite all its absurdities of manner and diction..and [its] improbable plot...The style is artificial, full of far-fetched witticisms, convoluted antitheses, elaborate epigrams."

Quotes and politics

"The Young Duke" contains content critical of features of its author's future lifestyle, thus hindering Disraeli's subsequent political career.  Ironically one of these was the concept of a Grand Tour ("The travelling career of the young Duke may be conceived by those who have wasted their time, and are compensated for that silliness by being Men of the World") which in Disraeli's case was to be financed by the proceeds from the book.
Disraeli is also critical of aristocratic dinner parties and the people who attend them.

"The Young Duke" is also the first of Disraeli's novels to include comment on politicians of the day such as Robert Peel, Lord Grey and the Duke of Wellington.  Such sections were more prominent in Disraeli's novels at the peak of his literary career in the 1840s.

To the extent that the novel contains political opinion, it comprises its sympathetic treatment of the Catholic Emancipation movement and the view that the English aristocracy needs to be rejuvenated by its younger members so as to effectively discharge its leading role in the government of the country.

References

1831 British novels
Novels by Benjamin Disraeli
Books written by prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Novels about nobility

The Young Duke


Zhao Xing (Chinese: 趙興, pinyin: Zhào Xīng, Cantonese: Zīu6 Hing1, Vietnamese: Triệu Hưng, ? – 112 BC), was the second son of Zhao Yingqi and the fourth ruler of Nanyue. His rule began in 115 BC and ended with his death in 112 BC, when he was overthrown and killed by Lü Jia.

Life
In 113 BC, Emperor Wu of Han sent Anguo Shaoji (安國少季) to summon Zhao Xing and the Queen Dowager Jiu to Chang'an for an audience with the Emperor. The Queen Dowager Jiu, who was Han Chinese, was viewed in a hostile light by the Nanyue people, and it was widely rumored that she had an illicit relationship with Anguo Shaoji before she married Zhao Yingqi. When Anguo arrived, quite a number of people believed the two resumed their relationship. The Queen Dowager feared that there would be a revolt against her authority so she urged the king and his ministers to seek closer times to the Han. Zhao agreed and proposed that relations between Nanyue and the Han should be normalized with a triennial journey to the Han court as well as the removal of custom barriers along the border.

The prime minister Lü Jia (呂嘉) held military power, and his family was more well connected than either Zhao or Queen Jiu. According to the Shiji and Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Lü Jia was chief of a Lạc Việt tribe, related to King Qin of Cangwu by marriage, and over 70 of his kinsmen served as officials in various parts of the Nanyue court. Lü refused to meet the Han envoys which angered the Queen Dowager. She tried to kill him at a banquet but was stopped by Zhao. The Queen Dowager tried to gather enough support at court to kill Lü in the following months.

When news of the situation reached Emperor Wu of Han in 112 BC, he ordered Zhuang Can to lead a 2,000 men expedition to Nanyue. However Zhuang refused to accept the mission, declaring that it was illogical to send so many men under the pretext of peace, but so few to enforce the might of the Han. The former prime minister of Jibei, Han Qianqiu (韓千秋), offered to lead the expedition and arrest Lü Jia. When Han crossed the Han-Nanyue border, Lü conducted a coup, killing Zhao Xing, Queen Dowager Jiu and all the Han emissaries in the capital. Zhao Xing's brother, Zhao Jiande, was declared the new king.

The Temple name of Zhao Xing was not mentioned in both Shiji and Hanshu. But according to the Vietnamese historical text Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Zhao Xing's Posthumous name was Ai Vương (哀王, pinyin: Āi Wáng).

Citations

See also
 Triệu dynasty
 Nanyue
 Zhao Yingqi
 Zhao Jiande
 Panyu District
 Lü Jia (Nanyue)

Bibliography

References
Shiji, vol. 113.
 Book of Han, vol. 95.
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, vol.2 (Kỳ Triệu)

112 BC deaths
Vietnamese kings
People from Guangzhou
Year of birth unknown
Nanyue
2nd-century BC Chinese monarchs

Zhao Xing


The International Molinological Society (TIMS) has been active since 1965 and is the only organization dedicated to mills and molinology on a worldwide scale. It brings together more than six hundred members, mostly from Europe and the USA. TIMS is a non-profit organization with cultural and scientific aims. It was founded in 1973 after earlier international meetings (Symposia) in 1965 and 1969. The original initiative for these meetings was taken by the Portuguese Molinologist Dr. João Miguel dos Santos Simões.

External links
The International Molinological Society (TIMS)

International Molinological

The International Molinological Society


The Survival of the Shawangunks is a triathlon held in the town of New Paltz, New York.  It is unusual in that it has seven transitions among the three racing modalities, compared to the two that are typical for the sport (switching from swimming to cycling, and then from cycling to running).  Self-sufficiency in this race that culminates with a thousand-foot climb to the finish line is celebrated; participants must carry their running shoes as they swim and may only have a single person assist them during the competition.

History
The SOS was founded in 1983 by Don Davis as a way to train for the Ironman Triathlon.  The best overall time for the event was 4:10:43 by Erik Grimm in 1993; Jan Wanklyn holds the record for best female finish with her time of 4:44:49 in 2000.

94 participants completed the course in 1998, the earliest year for which results are available.  The race was capped at 150 participants until 2007, at which point the field was expanded to 170.  In 2007 and 2008, 149 competitors crossed the finish line; among them were triathletes from throughout North America, including Quebec, California, and Florida.

The race was originally run unofficially by Davis and two others in secrecy, as they had not obtained permission from private landowners for the competition, but the following year's competition was open to other triathletes, all of whom must have completed a half-ironman triathlon in the previous 18 months, or in the prior year's SOS, within certain time restrictions in order to be eligible.

Course
The race is  long, beginning at the Ulster County Fairgrounds.  Participants begin by bicycling thirty miles.  This is followed by a total of seven transitions, more than is found in other competitions of this sort:  a  run to Lake Awosting, 1.1 mile swim across the lake, a 5.5 mile run to Lake Minnewaska, a  swim along that lake's eastern shore, an  run to Lake Mohonk, a  swim along the east shore of Mohonk Lake, and a  uphill run to the Skytop Tower on Shawangunk Ridge.  The course gains and loses several thousands of feet of altitude and provides a number of stunning views for participants, and the finish line is visible from a number of points along the course.

In 2002, weather conditions necessitated a modified course of  bicycling, a  run, a  swim in Lake Mohonk, and a final  run up Skytop, a total of .

The number of transitions between swimming and running necessitate competitors bringing their running gear with them as they swim and their goggles as they run.  Athletes tuck them into their swimming gear, carry them in a plastic bag, or pull them on small rafts.  Self-sufficiency is a theme for the competition, and to that end, participants are only permitted one assistant.

References

External links

Triathlon competitions
New Paltz, New York
Tourist attractions in Ulster County, New York
Recurring sporting events established in 1983
1983 establishments in New York (state)

Survival of the Shawangunks


Adam Johansson (born 21 February 1983) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Born in Gothenburg, Johansson played for Västra Frölunda IF in the Superettan before moving IFK Göteborg in the Allsvenskan in 2005. With Göteborg, he won the Allsvenskan in 2007 and the Swedish Cup in 2008, before he signed with Seattle Sounders FC. He also has played for the Swedish national team in 18 appearances, including 2010 World Cup qualifying and 2014 World Cup qualifying.

Club career

IFK Göteborg
After playing for two local clubs and Västra Frölunda IF, he joined IFK Göteborg in 2005. After initially not featuring regularly, he firmly established himself as the club's first-choice right back, starting at that position in 24 out of 26 Allsvenskan matches in 2007 as the club won the Allsvenskan title. During the 2009 season Johansson also started games at left back. In December 2010, he was targeted by English club Sunderland and Italian club Fiorentina for transfer, but stayed with Göteborg.

Seattle Sounders FC
Johansson signed with Major League Soccer club Seattle Sounders FC on 29 December 2011 to replace James Riley at right back. He contacted Swedish personnel in MLS, including New York Red Bulls coach Hans Backe and former Sounders midfielder Erik Friberg, about the league prior to signing, and joined the team in Arizona for training in January 2012. The Swedish defender made his Seattle debut during 2–1 win over Santos Laguna in a CONCACAF Champions League quarterfinal fixture on 8 March 2012. He made his MLS league debut on 17 March in a 3–1 win against Toronto at CenturyLink Field. He didn't regularly start games until July due to a hamstring injury, when he provided 2 assists in a 2–2 draw against the New York Red Bulls. Johansson didn't play in any of the Sounders' U.S. Open Cup matches, and played one minute of the 2012–13 Champions League at the end of a 3–1 win over Caledonia AIA in August. Johansson played all 4 games in the MLS Cup playoffs, conceding a penalty against the Los Angeles Galaxy for a handball on Robbie Keane in a 2–1 win in the Conference Final, which the Sounders lost 4–2 on aggregate. Johansson was waived by Seattle on 19 March 2013.

International career
Johansson previously played in the Swedish national under-21 team for 3 years before making his senior debut as left back on 24 January 2009 in a 3–2 loss to United States at the Home Depot Center, tripping Marvell Wynne to concede a penalty in the 40th minute. He played his first World Cup qualifier in a scoreless draw against Portugal on 28 March 2009 in Porto. Johansson went on to play two more qualifiers in June, a 1–0 loss to Denmark and a 4–0 win over Malta, as Sweden failed to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Johansson was not called up to the national team in 2010 for friendlies or Euro 2012 qualifying, but he started a 2–1 win over Botswana on 19 January 2011, and was an unused substitute in a 1–1 draw with the South African development team 2 days later. The Swedish defender also played a full match in a 2–0 win over Cyprus on 8 February, but did not play in a 1–1 draw and subsequent penalty shootout loss against Ukraine. Johansson was not selected to play in Euro 2012 qualifying in 2011 and did not play until 2012, where he started in a 2–0 friendly win over Bahrain and came on as a halftime substitute in a 5–0 win over the Qatari under-23 team in January. He was not called up to Sweden's squad for Euro 2012, where they finished last in their group. Johansson came on in the 20th minute as a substitute for the injured Mikael Lustig during a 1–0 friendly win over China on 6 September. During September and October, he was an unused substitute in three 2014 World Cup qualifiers: a 2–0 win over Kazakhstan, a 2–1 win over Faroe Islands, and a 4–4 draw with Germany. Johansson was called up to appear in the 2013 King's Cup in Thailand and played in a 1–1 semifinal draw with North Korea, as won on penalties, and the 3–0 win over Finland in the final on 26 January. He played 30 minutes in a friendly against Argentina in February 2013.

Personal life
Adam Johansson studied political science, economics, history, and international relations at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden before beginning his professional soccer career. He enjoys Swedish rock musician Joakim Thåström and watching Swedish game show På spåret (On Track).

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
;IFK Göteborg
Allsvenskan: 2007
Svenska Cupen: 2008, 2012–13, 2014–15

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Swedish men's footballers
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Sweden men's international footballers
Sweden men's under-21 international footballers
Västra Frölunda IF players
IFK Göteborg players
Seattle Sounders FC players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Allsvenskan players
Superettan players
Major League Soccer players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Gothenburg

Adam Johansson


Hugh II of Chalon-Arlay (1334–1388) was the son and successor as lord of Arlay to John II.  His mother was Marguerite of Mello (House of Mello, daughter of the lord of Château-Chinon and of Sainte-Hermine Dreux IV of Mello, and of Eleanor of Savoy, daughter of the duke of Aosta and count of Savoy Amadeus V).

In 1363 he married Blanche, Dame de Frontenay and daughter of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva.  He died without issue and so was succeeded by his nephew John III (son of Hugh II's brother Louis I of Chalon-Arlay).

1334 births
1388 deaths
Chalon-Arlay

Hugh II of Chalon-Arlay


The McDonald College is an independent co-educational specialist primary and secondary day and boarding school with speciality in the creative and performing arts, located in North Strathfield, an inner western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1984, the school currently caters for approximately 440 students from Kindergarten to Year 12, including 45 boarders of all genders from Year 7 to Year 12. It is Australia's only Kindergarten to Year 12, independent school that provides specialist training in the performing arts on a daily basis.

The college is a member of the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and the Association of Independent Schools of New South Wales (AISNSW).

History
Whilst officially established in 1984, The McDonald College has a tradition and history dating back to the establishment of the Ann McDonald College of Dancing by Ann McDonald, a dance and singing teacher, in 1926.

On Ann McDonald's retirement her daughter, Margaret Markham, took over the Ann McDonald College of Dancing. In 1983 Markham saw the opportunity for establishing a specialist academic and performing arts school for gifted children, and subsequently, in partnership with Ann Fraser and Maxine Kohler, agreed to change the Ann McDonald College of Dancing from a private company into a community-based, not-for-profit company limited by guarantee, thus facilitating the establishment of The McDonald College Limited.

The McDonald College commenced in 1984 with 75 students in Strathfield. The school moved to its current campus, formerly the site of the Telstra Training School, in North Strathfield in 1999.

Campus

Since 1999, The McDonald College has been located at North Strathfield, adjacent to North Strathfield Station. The school is close to the Olympic site and Bicentennial Park, and is 25 minutes from the Sydney central business district.

Facilities include air-conditioned classrooms, science and computer laboratories, art studios and exhibition space, nine dance studios, music studios and recital room, acting studios and performance spaces, television studio, recording studio, library, canteen, adjoining facilities and play equipment for junior students, and a boarding residence for up to 45 students of all genders.

Curriculum
The McDonald College is registered and accredited by the New South Wales Education Standards Authority and therefore follows the mandated curriculum for all years. The school combines the academic curriculum together with an industry based performance program. These two areas of study complement each other, giving the students a broad, creative and engaging education.

Primary
The academic program is designed to ensure students achieve age appropriate developmental and learning goals. Students also have access to specialist performing arts programs including drama, dance and music

Junior School (Kindergarten to Year 6) students participate in performing arts, together with the Key Learning Areas as set out by the NSW Education Standards Authority. A Gifted and Talented program is integrated at this stage to cater for students identified as 'academically gifted'.

Secondary
The Stage 4 academic curriculum consists of the mandatory subjects English, History and Geography, all levels of Mathematics, Science, PDHPE and the Creative Arts. Specialist staff are utilised for subjects such as Design & Technology, Visual Arts, Music and PDHPE (Personal Development, Health and Physical Education).
In Stage 5, i.e. years 9 and 10, students begin accumulating grades for their Record of School Achievement (ROSA).  Students continue with the mandatory subjects from Stage 4 and also choose 2 electives. The performing arts program is an extension to the mandated academic curriculum and typically supports much of the study in the elective courses and study a language other than English. Students participate in a performing arts program for two hours each day. Students experiencing learning difficulties are assisted through the Learning Enrichment Department.
In Stage 6 (Years 11 and 12) students have the opportunity to select all their subjects, except English which is compulsory. Some students choose to study a TVET course to complement their other subjects. Pathways is also an option for some students who want to complete their HSC in a longer timeframe (up to five years).

The senior students' programme is specifically geared towards helping them prepare for their futures beyond the Higher School Certificate.

Performing arts
Junior School
Students in the Junior School have a choice between studying acting or dance (with a classical ballet base) three days per week for  hours each day.  On day four, the students choose an elective of jazz dance, acting or sport and on day five, the students choose between learning a musical instrument or musical theatre.

Secondary School
Students choose a core area of study from acting, classical ballet, dance music or musical theatre.  The selected core area will be studied for four days per week, two hours per day.  On the fifth day students choose and elective area of study from classical ballet, acting, tap dance, music or sport for two hours.

Notable alumni
Emma Watkins – member of children's group The Wiggles
Nikki Webster – singer (also attended MLC School)
Rhys Wakefield – actor, best known for his role as 'Lucas Holden' on Home and Away
Luke Baines – actor and model
Josef Brown – dancer and actor. Former soloist with The Australian Ballet, Matt Turner on Neighbours
Kathleen de Leon Jones – member of children's group Hi-5; theatre and television actress
Amy Edwards – actor/singer/dancer, original cast member of the West End production of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert
Kip Gamblin – actor, best known for his role as 'Scott Hunter' on Home and Away
Sophie Lowe – AFI Award nominated actress
Meg Mac – singer and songwriter
Sarah Murdoch – international model, wife of Lachlan Murdoch (also attended Pittwater House Girls' College)
Bojana Novakovic – AFI Award winning actress
Tommaso Parisi – musician and winner of triple j unearthed high
Mariam Saab – ABC news presenter and journalist
Damian Smith – ballet dancer
Josh Quong Tart – television and theatre actor and singer

See also

 List of creative and performing arts high schools in New South Wales
 List of non-government schools in New South Wales
 List of boarding schools in Australia

References

External links
McDonald College website

Educational institutions established in 1984
Creative and performing arts high schools in New South Wales
Private secondary schools in Sydney
Boarding schools in New South Wales
Private primary schools in Sydney
Junior School Heads Association of Australia Member Schools
1984 establishments in Australia
Inner West

The McDonald College


Roland Trogan (August 6, 1933 – May 1, 2012) was an American composer, teacher and author.

Biography
Born in Saginaw, Michigan, Trogan was a musical prodigy. He performed classical piano music as a teenager on WKNX Radio in Saginaw from 1947 to 1950, before beginning formal training in composition at the University of Michigan. There he studied with Ross Lee Finney, Luigi Dallapiccola and Leslie Bassett and received his B.Mus. in 1954, M.Mus. in 1955, and D.M.A. in 1963. His compositional work during this time was recognized by awards from BMI and the Louisville Symphony, which performed Trogan's Two Scenes for Orchestra in 1955.  A Fulbright Scholarship for study in Rome was rescinded by the House Committee on Un-American Activities because Trogan had signed a petition supporting the prominent socialist, Norman Thomas.  In addition to graduate fellowships in music theory and English, Trogan was engaged as Associate Conductor and Composer-in-Residence by the Saginaw Civic Symphony, under the Russian-American conductor Joseph Cherniavsky. Trogan came to Cherniavsky's attention after learning of Trogan's prize winning one-act opera, The Hat Man (1954), which was widely performed. While a graduate student Trogan produced chamber works for vocal and instrumental ensembles: the Sextet for Wind Quintet and Piano, Elegy for String Quartet and Contralto, and incidental music for Berthold Brecht's The Good Woman of Szechuan. Additional works from that time include Duos on Tone Rows, Five Pieces for Piano, and his Soliloquy for Piano, which was published in 1955 in Generation magazine as an homage to Arnold Schoenberg.

In 1960 Trogan began studies with Roger Sessions in Princeton, New Jersey and divided his musical activities between Michigan and New York. In New York he organized public concerts, lectures and seminars featuring prominent individuals and ensembles including the composers Henry Cowell and Wallingford Riegger, the Grand Prix du Disque-winning Kohon String Quartet, the violinist Max Polikoff and the violist Walter Trampler.  After completing his doctoral thesis, the Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in 1963, Trogan relocated to Staten Island, New York and began his public musical career. His works were performed in New York City's major concert venues, including Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall. Recordings of his music were widely broadcast and interviews of the composer were frequent on both TV and international radio. Premieres of his piano music were presented by Paul Jacobs and Metropolitan Opera conductor Richard Woitach, and his Sonata for Unaccompanied Violin was performed by Harold Kohon at The Town Hall. Trogan also taught for several years for at New York University, and privately for prominent individuals and families, including the families of violinist Isaac Stern, actor Richard Burton, diplomat Felix Rohatyn, actor Christopher Plummer, Sarasota Opera director Victor DeRenzi, and New York City Opera conductor Julius Rudel. His compositions of this period included The Seafarer Cantata, Five Nocturnes for Piano, and the first Piano Sonata.

He then took a hiatus from composing and turned his attention to his family and to the founding of a music school on Staten Island in 1975, which he continued to direct until his death.  Although he adopted a lower public musical profile, he continued to be recognized with three grants from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1997, Trogan's second compositional period began with the creation of much piano music, his Chamber Symphony, and Más ficciones (por Jorge Luis Borges) for unaccompanied violin.  In 2004 he founded Patrice Editions, L.L.C., a company devoted to recording and publishing contemporary music. Trogan has written a book, The Circle and the Diamond: The Odyssey of Music, in which he proposes new procedures for the analysis of music as well as ways of understanding Western music in relation to the changing temporal perspectives in European civilization. Up until his death, he continued to compose new works. His last known work-in-progress was Missa Cavuto, a work for soprano and piano.

References

External links
Dr. Trogan's Music School – official website
Roland Trogan on WorldCat

2012 deaths
1933 births
Musicians from Saginaw, Michigan
American male classical composers
American classical composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
Pupils of Roger Sessions
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from Michigan
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians

Roland Trogan


Virtus Pallacanestro Bologna, known for sponsorship reasons as Virtus Segafredo Bologna, is an Italian professional basketball club based in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna.

The club was founded in 1929, which makes it the oldest club in Italy and one of the oldest in Europe. Virtus is the second most titled basketball club in Italy after Olimpia Milano, having won 16 Italian national championships, 8 Italian National Cups and 4 Italian Supercups. Moreover, it is one of the most successful teams in European competitions, having won two EuroLeagues, one EuroCup, one FIBA Saporta Cup, one EuroChallenge and one Basketball Champions League. It currently plays in the Italian first division LBA as well as in the EuroLeague. The club is owned by the coffee entrepreneur Massimo Zanetti.

Some of the club's star players over the years have included: Gianni Bertolotti, Tom McMillen, Carlo Caglieris, Renato Villalta, Marco Bonamico, Jim McMillian, Krešimir Ćosić, Roberto Brunamonti, Augusto Binelli, Micheal Ray Richardson, Jure Zdovc, Predrag Danilović, Cliff Levingston, Arijan Komazec, Orlando Woolridge, Zoran Savić, Bane Prelević, Alessandro Abbio, Radoslav Nesterović, Antoine Rigaudeau, Alessandro Frosini, Hugo Sconochini, Marko Jarić, Manu Ginóbili, Matjaž Smodiš, David Andersen, Travis Best, Keith Langford, Miloš Teodosić, Marco Belinelli, Daniel Hackett and Tornike Shengelia. While some of the club's greatest coaches had been: Vittorio Tracuzzi, Dan Peterson, Terry Driscoll, Alberto Bucci, Ettore Messina, Aleksandar Đorđević and Sergio Scariolo.

History

1929–1956: Beginnings and post-war dynasty
Virtus was founded in 1871 as a gymnastics club, forming its first professional basketball team in 1929 as part of a multi sports club. The club's motto was Forte Franco Fermo Fiero ("Strong Frank Firm Proud") and was inserted in the logo under the Black V, with a cross made by four F; the motto is still used by Virtus today. The team's home court was the former church of Santa Lucia in the city center, which could host a few hundred people.

The first official championship of Virtus dates back to 1934, the year in which the Bolognese team won the first division tournament, obtaining the promotion in the top tournament after a hard-fought group of playoffs against Unione Sportiva of Milan and Ginnastica Rome. Team's captain was Venzo Vannini, while other important players were Giuseppe Palmieri and Giancarlo Marinelli. After the promotion, Virtus settled permanently at the top of the national basketball league, and achieved a long series of honorable placings: in the nine championships disputed from 1935 to the outbreak of the Second World War, the Black V collected 6-second places, 2 third places, and a sixth place, however Virtus never achieved to win a national title.

From 1943 to 1945, the championship was suspended due to the outbreak of the war in the country and the beginning of the civil war. At the end of the world war, Santa Lucia was no longer available for basketball games and after a brief period of outdoor matches on a field in Via del Ravone, the team moved to Sala Borsa, the city's stock exchange, readjusted in the evening for basketball matches. This unusual venue became the hallmark of a new Italian basketball season, compared to the worldwide famous Boston Garden. In July 1945, Virtus, led by Achille Canna, Luigi Rapini and Antonio Calebotta, won its first national Serie A title, defeating 35–31 Reyer Venezia in the final.

In the following season, Renzo Poluzzi became the new head coach and led Virtus to its second championship. Under Poluzzi, Virtus won the title again in 1948 and 1949, achieving the so-called "four-peat". In 1949–50 season, the Black V arrived second after Olimpia Milano; during these years, the long-time rivalry with Olimpia, known as "derby of Italy", began. Olimpia won the title for the next four years too, while the Black V placed second in 1952 and 1953. In 1954, Vittorio Tracuzzi was appointed new head coach; Tracuzzi was a Virtus player too, acting as a "player-coach". At the end of the season, Tracuzzi led Virtus to its fifth national title. The team doubled the next season, achieving a so-called "back-to-back". During the 1950s the first derbies were played against Gira and Moto Morini, the other two teams of Bologna.

Due to the increasing fame of Virtus, the Sala Borsa was no longer suitable for hosting games; so in 1956, the long-time Mayor of Bologna, Giuseppe Dozza, inaugurated a new arena, which was simply known as "Sports Hall" and had a seating capacity of more than 7,000 people. The arena was later nicknamed Il Madison, after New York's Madison Square Garden and, in 1966, after Dozza's retirement from politics, it was renamed "PalaDozza". From 1956 to 1960, Virtus placed second, always behind its arch-rival Olimpia Milan. At the end of the 1959–60 season, Tracuzzi left Virtus after having won two championships in five seasons, with a winning record of 108–22, being widely considered one of Black V's greatest coaches of all time.

1960–1968: Post-dynasty struggles
In 1960, the Spanish coach, Eduardo Kucharski, succeeded Tracuzzi at the head of the team. Virtus, led by its best player Gianfranco Lombardi, took part in its first European Champions Cup, but it was ousted by CCA Bucarest in the second round. At the end of the Italian regular season, the Black V placed second again, behind Ignis Varese.

In 1962 and 1963 Virtus arrived third and Kucharski was sacked, while Mario Alesini, a former Virtus player, became the new head coach. However, in the next three seasons, Alesini did not reach to bring back the title to Bologna. In 1966, Jaroslav Šíp was hired as new head coach, but Virtus never became a real contender for the championship, with Olimpia and Ignis which alternatively won the title until 1968.

1968–1991: The Porelli era

The 1960s had been an unfortunate decade for Virtus. The turning point occurred in 1968, when the lawyer Gianluigi Porelli was appointed by the then president of the multi-sport club, Giovanni Elkan, at the head of the basketball section. Alternately nicknamed "Torquemada" or "Robespierre" for his quick and often dictatorial methods, or, more frequently, L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer"), Porelli has been one of the most prominent figures in the history of Virtus which, through initiatives often unpopular but almost always winning, definitively carried towards professionalism.

1968–1973: Rebuilding
As soon as he arrived, at only 38 years old, Porelli sacked coach Šíp and appointed Renzo Ranuzzi, a former player. However, Ranuzzi lasted one year only, due to the poor result of the team, which ended the season at the 10th place. After another poor result in the 1969–70 season under coach Nello Paratore, in 1970, Porelli hired Black V's legendary coach Vittorio Tracuzzi and sold the best player of the time, Gianfranco Lombardi, unleashing a popular uprising that even ended up in court. Despite Tracuzzi's comeback, the team placed 10th once again. In 1970, thanks to Porelli, Virtus was also one of the main proponents and founders of the Lega Basket, the governing body of the top-tier level professional Italian basketball league.

In the same year, Virtus broke away from the multi sports club, becoming a joint-stock company. Thanks to this choice, which was highly criticised at the time, Porelli definitively healed the club's finances. In 1971, Porelli hired the American player John Fultz who, supported by important Italian players like Gianni Bertolotti and Luigi Serafini, succeeded in placing the team 5th in the national championship, the best result since 1967–68. In the following season, the team, composed by the same players and coached by Nico Messina, arrived 6th.

1973–1978: Peterson's revolution
In 1973, Porelli opened a new season of triumphs, thanks to a partnership with Sinudyne, a famous Italian domestic appliances company, and especially with the engagement of the young American coach Dan Peterson, coming from the Chile's national basketball team. Virtus immediately won its first Italian Cup in 1973–74 season, which was club's first title since 1955–56.

In the following season, Virtus signed Tom McMillen, a 22-years-old player from Maryland University, who was selected with the 9th overall pick by the Buffalo Braves during the 1974 NBA draft. He signed with the Braves but postponed his entry into the NBA to attend the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. McMillen lived and studied in the UK, but he moved to Bologna during the weekends to play basketball. At the end of the season, characterized by outstanding performances by McMillen, the team placed 4th in the national championship and was eliminated at the quarterfinals of the European Cup Winners' Cup.

In 1975, McMillen started his career in the NBA, so Porelli and Peterson signed Terry Driscoll, a former NBA player and 4th overall pick in 1969 draft. Thanks to Driscoll's leadership and the fundamental support of Italian players like Carlo Caglieris, Gianni Bertolotti, Marco Bonamico and Luigi Serafini, Virtus won its seventh national championship, the first one after twenty years.

In 1976–77, Virtus ended first in the regular season, however it lost the championship finals against Varese, by 2–0. In the following season, the Black V succeeded in reaching the national finals, but nonetheless it lost 2–1 against Varese again. The team also reached the final of the Cup Winner's Cup, but lost 84–82 against Gabetti Cantù.

In 1978, after two consecutive second places, coach Peterson left the Black V to sign with its historic rival, Olimpia Milan. This move was heavily criticised by Black V's fans, but it was approved by Porelli himself. However, despite the controversies which rose around his farewell, Peterson's legacy was huge: the American coach deeply changed the team's organization and contributed in bringing back Virtus to the top of Italian basketball after twenty years of struggles.

1978–1980: Driscoll's back-to-back

After Peterson's departure, Terry Driscoll was appointed new head coach. Porelli signed also Krešimir Ćosić, one of the best centers in Europe; the team was also composed by great Italian players as Renato Villalta, Carlo Caglieris and the captain Gianni Bertolotti. In the national finals, Virtus faced its former coach, Dan Peterson and his new team, Olimpia. Despite the great expectations around a hard-fought final, the Black V easily won the title in only two games. The team also reached the semi-finals of the Cup Winners' Cup, where it was eliminated for only one point by the Dutch EBBC.

In the following season, Porelli signed Jim McMillian, a 1972 NBA champion with the Los Angeles Lakers. McMillian, who was immediately nicknamed by Virtus fans as Il Duca Nero ("The Black Duke"), led the team achieving a back-to-back, winning its ninth titles against Cantù. The team took part also in the European Champions Cup, where it was eliminated in the semi-finals group stage.

At the end of the season, Driscoll's two-year contract had expired. Porelli and Driscoll could not agree on a contract. Despite Driscoll's great successes, first as player, one championship, and two championships as a coach in five years, when no agreement was reached, Driscoll chose to return to retire from basketball.

1980–1988: Champions Cup Final and 10th title

At the beginning of the 1980–81 season, Driscoll's assistant, Ettore Zuccheri, became the new head coach, but he was later replaced by Renzo Ranuzzi. The team reached once again the national finals, but it slightly lost the playoff series by 2–1 against Cantù. Returning to the top in Italy, the Black V attempted to become a major team in Europe too, and in 1981, Virtus reached the final of the FIBA European Champions Cup in Strasbourg. However, a few days before the final, McMillian suffered a serious injury against Brindisi and was forced not to play in the final, which then Virtus lost by only one point against Maccabi Tel Aviv, after a very contested game and dubious referees' choices.

After the defeat in the Cup, Porelli sacked Ranuzzi and hired coach Aleksandar Nikolić, worldwide known as "The Professor". The team was composed also by young and talented Italian players like Roberto Brunamonti and Augusto Binelli, as well as important foreign players, like the Bahamian center Elvis Rolle. Despite his fame, Nikolić did not succeed in bringing Virtus back to title, so in 1983, after the brief experiences of George Bisacca and Mauro Di Vincenzo, the 35 years-old Alberto Bucci, from Bologna, became the new head coach. In the same years, the club signed a deal with Granarolo, a milk and dairy production company, which became the new team's sponsor. The skilled American small forward Jan van Breda Kolff was also added to the roster. Virtus ended the regular season second, after Peterson's Olimpia. The two teams faced themselves in a historic final, always remembered as one of the best in Italian basketball history, in which Virtus defeated Olimpia by 2–1, reaching its 10th national title, also known as La Stella ("The Star"), due to the star which is attributed to teams that manage to win ten national championships. In the same year, the team completed a domestic double by adding a National Cup.

In 1984–85, Virtus reached the semi-final group stage of the Champions Cup, where, however, it was eliminated. After a defeat in the playoffs' quarterfinals against Olimpia, Bucci was sacked and Sandro Gamba became the new coach. Gamba, one of the most successful Italian coaches of all time, did not succeed in winning with Virtus too, exiting in the first round of 1986 playoffs and being eliminated in the quarterfinals of 1987 playoffs. In 1988, Krešimir Ćosić, a former Virtus star, replaced Gamba. Despite the head coach's change, the team continued collecting poor successes, being ousted in the Korać Cup's quarterfinals and in the first round of national playoffs.

1988–1991: The "Sugar-mania"

In 1988, Porelli hired Bob Hill, who was New York Knicks' head coach until the previous season. Hill brought in Italy two former NBA players: Micheal Ray Richardson, worldwide known as "Sugar", an NBA All-Star and former player for the Knicks and New Jersey Nets, who was banned from the NBA for violations of league's drug policy, and Clemon Johnson, 1983 NBA champion with the Philadelphia 76ers, who also played for the Indiana Pacers and Seattle SuperSonics. At the beginning of the season, Porelli reached an agreement with Knorr, a German food and beverage brand, which became the team's sponsor. In 1988–89 Virtus won its third Italian Cup, but it was defeated in the semi-finals for the national championship against Enichem Livorno, coached by Bucci.

Despite the playoffs' elimination, the season was considered a rebirth for Virtus: the national cup was the team's first trophy since 1984 and the great performances of Richardson had brought back the passion for basketball in the city. This period became known as "Sugar-mania", from Richardson's historic nickname.

In the following summer, Hill surprisingly resigned from his post and his assistant, the 30 years-old Ettore Messina, was appointed new head coach. The Black V won the Italian Cup again and on 13 March 1990, won its first European title, the FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup, the second-tier level European-wide competition, defeating 79–74 the Real Madrid coached by George Karl. The final was characterized by an outstanding performance of Richardson, able of scoring 29 points. However, the team was once again eliminated in national playoffs' quarterfinals against Phonola Caserta.

In 1990–91, Virtus placed third in the regular season but it was once again eliminated in the national semi-finals by Caserta. At the end of the season, Richardson was not confirmed and signed for Slobodna Dalmacija, putting an end to a three-year period in which he brought Virtus to win its first European trophy and laid the foundations for club's successes in the following years.

In 1991, after two years of internal struggles within the shareholders' assembly, during which he also briefly lost the control of the club, Porelli sold Virtus to Alfredo Cazzola, a local trade fair entrepreneur. During 23 years of tenure, Porelli won four national titles, four Italian Cups and one Cup Winner's Cup, transforming a simple basketball section of a multisport club into one of the richest and most successful teams in Europe.

1991–2000: The Cazzola era
As president, Cazzola brought to Virtus an entrepreneurial mentality, which would be necessary in the team's future growth. In the 1991–92 season, the Black V, led by captain Brunamonti and Jure Zdovc, reached the national semi-finals, but lost against Scavolini Pesaro, which had already eliminated Virtus in the national cup few months before. The team also lost against Partizan in the FIBA European League quarterfinals.

1992–1995: Danilović's three-peat

In the summer of 1992, Cazzola signed Predrag Danilović, a young Yugoslav player who won the latest FIBA European League with Partizan. Under the strong leadership of Danilović and the important support of Brunamonti, Claudio Coldebella, Paolo Moretti, Augusto Binelli and Bill Wennington, the team, coached by Ettore Messina, won its eleventh national championship, defeating 3–0 the Benetton Treviso. However the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the FIBA European League by Real Madrid Teka.

In the following season, Messina became the new coach of Italy's national basketball team and Alberto Bucci, returned to coach Virtus, with whom he had won a national championship in 1984. The team was completed with Cliff Levingston, two-time NBA champion with the Chicago Bulls. In the same year, Cazzola signed a deal with Buckler Beer, a brand of Heineken, which became the new sponsor of the team. In October 1993, Virtus took part to the McDonald's Open in Munich, where it arrived second, after the Phoenix Suns. In May 1994, Virtus won its second consecutive national title, defeating 3–2 Scavolini Pesaro, after a very contested final. Once again, the Black V was ousted during the FIBA European League quarterfinals by Olympiacos.

In the 1994–95 season, Joe Binion replaced Levingston, while the rest of the team remained untouched. In May 1995, Virtus won its 13th title, defeating 3–0 Benetton Treviso, accomplishing a so-called "three-peat". However, for the third consecutive times, the team which dominated the Italian league was eliminated at the FIBA European League quarterfinals, this time by Panathinaikos.

1995–1997: Transition years and Brunamonti's retirement
After the three-peat, Danilović left Virtus for the Miami Heat. Cazzola signed Arijan Komazec, a Croatian guard-forward, and Orlando Woolridge, a long-time NBA player; while young Italian players like Alessandro Abbio became increasingly important. In September 1995, Virtus won its first Italian Supercup against Benetton Treviso; while in October, the Black V participated in the McDonald's Championship, arriving second after the Houston Rockets. The team ended the regular season in first place, but he was eventually eliminated by Stefanel Milano in the playoffs' semi-finals. Moreover, the team did not succeed in passing the second group stage of the Champions Cup.

In 1996, captain Roberto Brunamonti retired from basketball after 14 seasons as a Virtus player. During the summer, the club signed important international players like Zoran Savić from Real Madrid Teka and Branislav Prelević from PAOK. Moreover, Kinder, a product brand line of Italian confectionery multinational Ferrero SpA, became the new sponsor of Virtus. On 8 March 1997, coach Bucci was replaced by Lino Frattin, who after a few days, won Black V's fifth Italian Cup against Cantù. The team was eliminated by Stefanel Milano in the Top 16 of the FIBA EuroLeague, the former Champions Cup. In the national playoffs, Virtus was eliminated in the semi-finals by the other Bologna's team, Teamsystem, which, after years of poor results, was becoming increasingly competitive.

1997–2000: Danilović's comeback and the first EuroLeague

In 1997, Roberto Brunamonti became team's general manager, while coach Messina and Sasha Danilović returned to Virtus and the team was completed with important international players like Radoslav Nesterovič, Antoine Rigaudeau, Hugo Sconochini and Alessandro Frosini, as well as with the confirmation of Zoran Savić and Alessandro Abbio. In the same year, the club moved to PalaMalaguti, an indoor sporting arena in Casalecchio di Reno with a seating capacity of more than 8,000 people, leaving PalaDozza after almost 40 years.

On 23 April 1998, Virtus won its first EuroLeague, defeating 58–44 AEK in Barcelona, with Savić elected MVP of the Final Four. While on 31 May, Virtus conquered its 14th national title, defeating in Game 5 of the final, Teamsystem Bologna. At twenty seconds from the end of the game, with Fortitudo leading by 4, Danilović scored a three-point shot and at the same time suffered a foul by Dominique Wilkins, completing the so-called "four-point shot". Then Virtus won the match in the overtime. The 1998 final between Virtus and Fortiudo is widely considered as the greatest one in the history of Italian basketball, with two teams from the same city, which were among the best ones in the continent. During this period, Bologna was nicknamed "Basket City", due to the fame and the victories of town's two teams.

In the following season, Virtus won its 7th Italian Cup in January 1999. The team also defeated Fortitudo 57–62 in a historic EuroLeague's semi-final in Munich, but it lost 82–74 in the final against Žalgiris of Tyus Edney and was eliminated in the semi-finals for the national championship by Treviso. In 1999–2000 season, the Black V lost the Italian Cup final against Treviso and was defeated 83–76 by AEK, in the FIBA Saporta Cup's final in Lausanne. Moreover, Virtus was once again eliminated by Treviso, in the semi-finals for the national championship.

In May 2000, Cazzola sold Virtus to Marco Madrigali, a video game entrepreneur, who became the new president of the club. Under Cazzola's presidency, Virtus lived a period which became known as its "Golden Age", in which the Black V won four national titles, two Italian Cups and a EuroLeague, becoming one of the most notable and successful teams in Europe.

2000–2003: The Madrigali era

2000–2002: Ginóbili's rise and the second EuroLeague

In the 2000–01 season, Madrigali and Brunamonti signed important players, like Marko Jarić, Manu Ginóbili, Matjaž Smodiš, Rashard Griffith and David Andersen; while at the beginning of the season, Sasha Danilović suddenly announced his retirement from basketball. The absence of a strong leader like Danilović and the subsequent ban for doping of another historic player like Hugo Sconochini, forced every single player of the team to take more responsibility, but at the same time opened spaces to the immature and talented newcomers, free to show their abilities and experience at a high level.

After a tough beginning, the season had a turning point during the Christmas derby against Fortitudo, which was soundly won by the Black V by 99–62. From then, Virtus started an outstanding season, characterized by an unrepeatable group capable of beating every record and becoming one of the strongest European teams of all time and, according to many, the strongest ever. On 28 April 2001, Virtus won its seventh Italian Cup against Pesaro, while on 10 May, the Black V won its second EuroLeague, defeating 3–2 Tau Cerámica, in the first and only series in the history of EuroLeague finals. Manu Ginóbili was elected Finals MVP. On 19 June, Virtus won its 15th national championship, beating Paf Wennington Bologna 3–0, while Ginobili was elected Italian League MVP too. After the double in 1997–98, in 2000–01 season, Virtus completed a so-called Triple Crown (known in Italy as Grande Slam), winning all the trophies that it could won.

In the following season, Virtus won its 8th Italian Cup, but after some defeats Madrigali fired Messina. However, after a field invasion by Virtus supporters before a match against Pallacanestro Trieste, Madrigali was forced to re-hire him. Despite this, the team lost 89–83 the EuroLeague final, which was held in PalaMalaguti, against Panathinaikos of Dejan Bodiroga and Željko Obradović, and was eliminated in the semi-finals for the national championship by Benetton Treviso.

2002–2003: Financial problems and interdiction
In 2003, Ginóbili moved to the NBA, where he played for the San Antonio Spurs, and Ettore Messina was hired by Benetton, thus Bogdan Tanjević was appointed new head coach. During the summer, due to contrasts with Madrigali, Brunamonti also left the club, after nearly 20 years spent as player and general manager.

After a soundly defeat in Fabriano, Tanjević was replaced by Valerio Bianchini, who failed in reaching the playoffs for the first time in Virtus history but succeeded in saving the team from relegation. However, suffering from serious financial problems, mainly caused by the failure of Madrigali's video game company CTO SpA, Virtus was excluded from the Serie A in August 2003, after missing payments to players, first of all the young Slovenian Sani Bečirovič.

2003–2013: The Sabatini era
The bankruptcy was avoided thanks to the intervention of a local trade fair entrepreneur, Claudio Sabatini, who transacted all the debts of the club, after agreements with creditors and took over the company from Madrigali. Sabatini acquired also the club Progresso Castelmaggiore, from a small town in Bologna's hinterland, which played in Serie A2 and sponsored the new team with FuturVirtus brand, guaranteeing, therefore, the continuity of the glorious name "Virtus" despite the exclusion from the championships.

2003–2005: Promotion to Serie A
In 2003–04 season, Sabatini signed important former NBA players like Charles Smith, Vonteego Cummings and Rick Brunson. The team was initially coached by Giampiero Ticchi, who was replaced in November by Alberto Bucci, Black V's historic coach. Despite good premises, FuturVirtus did not reach the promotion in Serie A, losing 3–0 in the final series of playoffs from Aurora Jesi.

During the summer of 2004 the club obtained the re-affiliation to the Italian Basketball Federation and the right to use the name "Virtus Pallacanestro" again. The team was completed, among others, with Corey Brewer, A.J. Guyton and Bennett Davison and was coached by Giordano Consolini, who served as Messina's assistant for years. On 3 June 2005, Virtus returned to the top division, defeating 3–0 the Premiata Montegranaro.

2005–2009: National finals and return to Europe

In the 2005–06 season, Sabatini hired Zare Markovski from Macedonia as new head coach and signed, among others, David Bluthenthal, Dušan Vukčević and Christian Drejer. Despite a good season's start the team ended 9th, out of the playoffs.

After the end of the season, Bluthenthal, who was Black V's top scorer, went to Fortitudo, while Virtus confirmed Vukčević and Drejer, as well as coach Markovski. Moreover, Sabatini signed Travis Best, a former NBA player for the Indiana Pacers, Brett Blizzard, Guilherme Giovannoni, Vlado Ilievski and Tyrone Grant. The team reached the Italian Cup final, losing against Benetton Treviso and placed second in the regular season, qualifying for the playoffs after a five-year absence. Markovski's team reached the championship finals, but it was defeated 3–0 by Montepaschi Siena. The Black V also reached the EuroCup semi-finals, where it was defeated by the Ukrainian team Azovmash Mariupol.

In the following summer, the team was suddenly reshaped and Markovski was fired by Sabatini, whose presidency was characterized by his fickle nature, which led him implementing unexpected and often unpopular choices. The president hired Stefano Pillastrini as new head coach and signed, among others, Alan Anderson, Delonte Holland, Dewarick Spencer and Roberto Chiacig. Virtus participated in the EuroLeague, but arrived last in the Group A, winning only two games out of 14. In January 2008, Pillastrini was fired and Renato Pasquali became the new coach; after few months Sabatini re-signed Travis Best, who led the team to the second consecutive Italian Cup final, lost against Avellino. However, Virtus ended the season at the 16th place.

In 2008–09 season, the team was completely renewed with prominent players like the former NBA player Earl Boykins, Keith Langford, Sharrod Ford and the re-sign of Dušan Vukčević. After few months, coach Pasquali was succeeded by Matteo Boniciolli. On 21 February, Virtus played its third consecutive Italian Cup final, which once again lost against Siena. On 26 April 2009, Virtus won the European third tier trophy, the EuroChallenge, against Cholet Basket, thanks to 21 points of the Final Four MVP Keith Langford. The team ended the regular season at the 5th place and was eliminated in the first round of national playoffs by Treviso. Boniciolli was immediately fired by president Sabatini and the team was reshaped again during summer.

2009–2013: Transition years
In the following season, Sabatini hired Lino Lardo as head coach and appointed Vukčević as team's captain. He also signed, among others, David Moss, Andre Collins, Petteri Koponen and Viktor Sanikidze. Virtus lost its fourth consecutive Italian Cup final and ended the season 5th, being eliminated 3–2 in the first round of the playoffs by Cantù. In 2010–11, the team was completed with Giuseppe Poeta, Valerio Amoroso, Jared Homan, as well as K.C. Rivers from 2011. The Black V ended the regular season 8th and was eliminated in the first round of the playoffs by Siena.

In 2011–2012, Sabatini hired Alessandro Finelli as new coach and signed important players like Chris Douglas-Roberts, a former NBA players, Terrell McIntyre and Angelo Gigli. In late 2011, Sabatini sold Virtus to a foundation of local entrepreneurs, however, he remained as CEO and de facto general manager. At the end of the regular season, the Black V arrived 5th, being eliminated by Dinamo Sassari, in the first round of the playoffs. In the following season, Virtus signed, among others, Steven Smith, Richard Mason Rocca and Jacob Pullen. During the season, Luca Bechi succeeded Finelli as new head coach. The team ended the season at the 14th place.

2013–2016: Struggles and relegation
After years of poor successes, Sabatini definitively exited from the club and in 2013, Renato Villalta, a former Virtus star, was appointed president. In 2013–14 season, Virtus signed, among others, Matt Waksh, Willie Warren and Shawn King. In January 2014, Bechi was sacked due to poor results, and Giorgio Valli became the new coach. However, the team arrived 13th, out of the playoffs.

In 2014–15 season, Virtus returned to the playoffs, thanks to an outstanding season of its top-scorers Allan Ray, Jeremy Hazell and Okaro White. However, it was eliminated in the first round by Olimpia Milan.

In the following year Villalta was abruptly removed from his post and Francesco Bertolini was appointed president by the foundation. After a few months, Bertolini was replaced too by Alberto Bucci, the former Virtus coach, who won three national titles with the Black V between 1980s and 1990s. However, the season was characterized by a serious injury to team captain, Allan Ray, and the substitute players signed by the club failed to adequately replace the injured top-player. On 4 May 2016, at the end of the regular season the team ranked 16th and last, therefore it was relegated to Serie A2 for the first time in its history.

2016–present: The Zanetti era

2016–2019: Promotion and Champions League

In the following summer, president Bucci announced Alessandro Ramagli as new head coach of Virtus. The club built a good team for the league, led by important players such as Guido Rosselli, Klaudio Ndoja, Michael Umeh and Kenny Lawson. During the season an important change in ownership occurred: the coffee entrepreneur and former politician, Massimo Zanetti, owner of Segafredo, who was also team's sponsor, became the majority shareholder of the club. Virtus ended second in the regular season behind Treviso and on 19 June 2017, won the playoffs, beating Trieste by 3–0, thus returning to the top series after only one year. During the playoffs, the Black V returned after more than twenty years to Bologna's historic arena, PalaDozza, which became the new official home court in the following season.

In summer 2017, the club signed two of the most prominent Italian players, Pietro Aradori and Alessandro Gentile, as well as two international players like Marcus Slaughter and Oliver Lafayette. Despite good premises, the team was eliminated in the first round of Italian Cup's Final Eight and failed to qualify for the championship playoffs.

The 2018–19 season began with the appointment of Alessandro Dalla Salda as new club's CEO and the hire of Stefano Sacripanti as new head coach. Aradori and Filippo Baldi Rossi were confirmed and the club signed, among others, Tony Taylor, Kevin Punter, Amath M'Baye and Brian Qvale, to participate in the Basketball Champions League, which was Virtus's first European competition after ten years. The team reached a record of seven wins in the first seven games of the continental competition, which had never been achieved before. In March 2019, the team signed Mario Chalmers, two-time NBA champion with the Miami Heat. On 9 March, president Alberto Bucci died at 70 years old, due to complications from a cancer. On 11 March, after a defeat against Cantù and with Virtus temporarily out of playoffs, the team board sacked Sacripanti and appointed the Serbian Aleksandar Đorđević as new head coach. On 4 April, the Black V defeated Nanterre 92, reaching the BCL Final Four in Antwerp, which won on 5 May defeating Iberostar Tenerife 73–61, thanks to an outstanding game by Kevin Punter, who was able to score 26 points and was nominated Final Four MVP. The BCL was the fifth European title in team's history and the first one after ten years.

In July 2019, Virtus opened its women's basketball wing, to participate in the Serie A1 championship. In the same month, Giuseppe Sermasi, a local entrepreneur and former vice president, became Virtus new president, holding the vacant post after Bucci's death, while Luca Baraldi, a prominent sports executive and a leading manager of Segafredo, was appointed new CEO.

2019–2023: Teodosić's magic, the 16th title and the EuroCup

On 13 July, Virtus signed a three-year deal with Miloš Teodosić, 2016 EuroLeague champion and former NBA player, who was widely considered one of the best European point guard of all time. In August, the Black V signed Kyle Weems, a small forward from Tofaş, and Stefan Marković, a point guard from BC Khimki who, along with Teodosić, would become the backbone of the team in the following seasons. Among others, the club signed also Vince Hunter, Julian Gamble and Giampaolo Ricci. In the 2019–20 season, Virtus played some home games, including the derby against Fortitudo won 94–62, at the Virtus Segafredo Arena, a temporary indoor arena with a capacity of nearly 10,000 seats, located in the Fiera District.

On 7 April 2020, after more than a month of suspension, the Italian Basketball Federation officially ended the 2019–20 season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic that severely hit Italy. Virtus ended the season first, with 18 wins and only 2 defeats, but the title was not assigned. On 5 May, the EuroLeague's commissioner Jordi Bertomeu announced the cancellation of the EuroCup season too. Virtus, which had achieved the league's playoffs, was confirmed for the following season.

After the early end of the season, the team was largely confirmed for the following championship and, in May and June, the club signed prominent Italian players, like Awudu Abass and Amedeo Tessitori, and homegrown ones, like Amar Alibegović. In September, Virtus hosted the Supercup's Final Four at the Segafredo Arena, but it lost against Olimpia Milan 75–68; the Supercup was the first competition since the cancellation of the previous season. In November 2020, Virtus signed a three-year deal with Marco Belinelli, from the San Antonio Spurs. Belinelli, one of the greatest Italian players of all time and 2014 NBA Champion, started his career with Virtus in the early 2000s. The season was also characterized by the emergence of Alessandro Pajola, the young Italian point guard who became one team's most important players. In April 2021, despite a winning record of 19–2, Virtus was defeated in the EuroCup's semifinals by UNICS Kazan. However, the season ended with a great success. In fact, after having knocked out 3–0 both Basket Treviso in the quarterfinals and New Basket Brindisi in the semifinals, on 11 June Virtus defeated 4–0 its historic rival Olimpia Milano in the national finals, winning its 16th national title and the first one after twenty years. Teodosić was appointed MVP of the finals.

On 15 June, after a few days from the victory, Đorđević was not confirmed as head coach at the end of his two-year contract, due to some tensions with the club's ownership occurred during the season. On 18 June, the club hired the new head coach, signing a three-year deal with Sergio Scariolo, from the Toronto Raptors. Moreover, Marković, Hunter, Gamble and Ricci were not renewed, while in July and August 2021 Virtus signed important foreign players like Ekpe Udoh, Kevin Hervey and Mouhammadou Jaiteh, as well as one of the most talented Italian point guards, Nico Mannion, from the Golden State Warriors. On 21 September, the team won its second Supercup, defeating Olimpia Milano 90–84. However, during the same month, Udoh and Abass suffered serious knee injuries and Virtus signed JaKarr Sampson from the Indiana Pacers and Isaïa Cordinier from Nanterre 92 to replace them.

On 28 October 2021, Zanetti was elected president of Virtus, succeeding Giuseppe Sermasi at the head of the club, and became the only shareholder after a €2 million capital increase. In early 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent international sanctions against Russia forced all international players to leave the country. On 3 March, Virtus signed the Italian point guard Daniel Hackett, while on 7 March, the club reached an agreement with the Georgian power forward Tornike Shengelia, both of them from CSKA Moscow.

Despite a tough EuroCup regular season ended at the fourth place, Virtus ousted Lietkabelis, Ulm and Valencia in the first three rounds of the playoffs and, on 11 May 2022, defeated Frutti Extra Bursaspor by 80–67 at the Segafredo Arena, winning its first EuroCup and qualifying for the EuroLeague after 14 years. With 21 points scored, the Serbian point guard Miloš Teodosić was once again appointed MVP of the final. However, despite having ended the regular season at the first place and having ousted 3–0 both Pesaro and Tortona in the first two rounds of playoffs, Virtus was defeated 4–2 in the national finals by Olimpia Milan.

During the following summer, Udoh, Hervey, Sampson, Alibegović and Tessitori left the club, but Virtus confirmed the backbone of the roster, notably including Shengelia, who was renewed until June 2024. Moreover, the club signed prominent foreign players like Jordan Mickey, Gabriel Lundberg, Semi Ojeleye and Ismaël Bako. On 29 September 2022, after having ousted Milano in the semifinals, Virtus won its third Supercup, defeating 72–69 Banco di Sardegna Sassari and achieving a back-to-back, following the 2021 trophy. However, despite good premises Virtus ended the EuroLeague season at the 14th place, thus it did not qualify for the playoffs. Moreover, the team was defeated in the Italian Basketball Cup final by Brescia. In June, after having ousted 3–0 both Brindisi and Tortona, Virtus was defeated 4–3 by Olimpia Milan in the national finals, following a series which was widely regarded among the best in the latest years of Italian basketball.

On 11 July 2023, Miloš Teodosić did not renewed his expired contract with Virtus and signed with KK Crvena zvezda, marking the end to four fantastic seasons, which saw the Black V returning to the top of European basketball after decades. With the Serbian star, often nicknamed "Il Mago" () by fans, Virtus won its 16th title in 2021, reached the national finals three times in a row, and also won the EuroCup in 2022 and two Supercups.

2023–present: Rebuilding with Banchi
In the following summer, the roster deeply changed. In addition to Teodosić, players like Weems, Jaiteh, Mannion and Bako left the club, as Virtus signed the Italian power forward Achille Polonara, as well as prominent foreign players like the point guard Jaleen Smith, the small forward Ognjen Dobrić, and the centers Devontae Cacok and Bryant Dunston. Moreover, new developments occurred within the club ownership. On 27 June, Carlo Gherardi, owner of CRIF, a global company specialized in business information and analytics, became the minority shareholder of the club, acquiring a participation of 40%.

On 15 September, just a few weeks before the season start, Scariolo was fired following controversial statements regarding the new roster and the upcoming season, and the club hired Luca Banchi as new head coach. On 24 September, after having ousted Milano in the semifinals, Virtus won its fourth Supercup, and the third in a row, defeating 97–60 Germani Brescia.

Logos

Arena
Since its foundation, Virtus Bologna has changed several home arenas. Each of them was more than just a basketball court, rather a real "house" of the Black V, marking, in the period when they were used, a different era of the long club's history:

In 2023, the club officially presented the project for a new arena with 10,000 seating capacity in the Fiera District, not far away from the temporary Virtus Segafredo Arena, which will be ready in 2025.

Honours

Domestic competitions
 Italian League
 Winners (16): 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1997–98, 2000–01, 2020–21
 Runners-up (19): 1935, 1936, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1942–43, 1949–50, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 2006–07, 2021–22, 2022–23
 Italian Cup
 Winners (8): 1973–74, 1983–84, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1996–97, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02
 Runners-up (7): 1992–93, 1999–00, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2022–23
 Italian Supercup
 Winners (4): 1995, 2021, 2022, 2023
 Runners-up (8): 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2020
 Italian LNP Cup
 Winners (1): 2017
 Italian Serie A2
 Winners (1): 2016–17

European competitions
 EuroLeague
 Winners (2): 1997–98, 2000–01
 Runners-up (3): 1980–81, 1998–99, 2001–02
 4th place (1): 1979–80
 Final Four (3): 1998, 1999, 2002
 EuroCup
 Winners (1): 2021–22
 Semifinalists (1): 2020–21
 FIBA Saporta Cup (defunct)
 Winners (1): 1989–90
 Runners-up (2): 1977–78, 1999–00
 Semifinalists (2): 1978–79, 1981–82
 Basketball Champions League
 Winners (1): 2018–19
 FIBA EuroChallenge (defunct)
 Winners (1): 2008–09
 FIBA EuroCup (defunct)
 3rd place (1): 2006–07

Worldwide competitions
 FIBA Intercontinental Cup
 Runners-up (1): 2020

 McDonald's Championship (defunct)
 Runners-up (2): 1993, 1995

Unofficial
 Triple Crown
 Winners (1): 2000–01

Season by season

Top performances in European and Worldwide competitions

The road to the European cups victories

1989–90 FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup

1997–98 FIBA EuroLeague

2000–01 EuroLeague

2008–09 FIBA EuroChallenge

2018–19 Basketball Champions League

2021–22 EuroCup

Players

Current roster

Depth chart

Notable players

Retired numbers

Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Famers
 Krešimir Ćosić, C, 1978–1980, Inducted 1996

FIBA Hall of Famers
 Krešimir Ćosić, C, 1978–1980, Inducted 2007
 Aleksandar Nikolić, Head coach, 1981–1982, Inducted 2007
 Antoine Rigaudeau, PG, 1997–2003, Inducted 2015
 Bogdan Tanjević, Head coach, 2002, Inducted 2019
 Jure Zdovc, PG, 1991–1992, Inducted 2021
 Ettore Messina, Head coach, 1989–1993 and 1997–2002, Inducted 2021

Other notable players

Players at the NBA draft

Head coaches

 Renzo Poluzzi (1948–1951)
 Dino Fontana (1950–1951)
 Venzo Vannini (1951–1952)
 Larry Strong (1952–1953)
 Giancarlo Marinelli (1953–1954)
 Vittorio Tracuzzi (1954–1960)
 Eduard Kucharski (1960–1963)
 Mario Alesini (1963–1966)
 Jaroslav Šíp  (1966–1968)
 Renzo Ranuzzi (1968–1969)
 Nello Paratore (1969–1970)
 Vittorio Tracuzzi (1970–1971)
 Nico Messina (1971–1973)
 Dan Peterson (1973–1978)
 Terry Driscoll (1978–1980)
 Ettore Zuccheri (1980–1981)
 Renzo Ranuzzi (1981)
 Aleksandar Nikolić (1981–1982)
 George Bisacca (1982)
 Mauro Di Vincenzo (1982–1983)
 Alberto Bucci (1983–1985)
 Alessandro Gamba (1985–1987)
 Krešimir Ćosić (1987–1988)
 Bob Hill (1988–1989)
 Ettore Messina (1989–1993)
 Alberto Bucci (1993–1997)
 Lino Frattin (1997)
 Ettore Messina (1997–2002)
 Bogdan Tanjević (2002)
 Valerio Bianchini (2002–2003)
 Giampiero Ticchi (2003)
 Alberto Bucci (2003–2004)
 Giordano Consolini (2004–2005)
 Zare Markovski (2005–2007)
 Stefano Pillastrini (2007–2008)
 Renato Pasquali (2008)
 Matteo Boniciolli (2008–2009)
 Lino Lardo (2009–2011)
 Alessandro Finelli (2011–2013)
 Luca Bechi (2013–2014)
 Giorgio Valli (2014–2016)
 Alessandro Ramagli (2016–2018)
 Stefano Sacripanti (2018–2019)
 Aleksandar Đorđević (2019–2021)
 Sergio Scariolo (2021–2023)
 Luca Banchi (2023–present)

Sponsorship names
Throughout the years, due to sponsorship, the club has been known as :

 Minganti Bologna (1953–1958)
 Oransoda Bologna (1958–1960)
 Idrolitina Bologna (1960–1961)
 Virtus Bologna (1961–1962)
 Knorr Bologna (1962–1965)
 Candy Bologna (1965–1969)
 Virtus Bologna (1969–1970)
 Norda Bologna (1970–1974)
 Sinudyne Bologna (1974–1983)
 Granarolo Bologna (1983–1986)
 Dietor Bologna (1986–1988)
 Knorr Bologna (1988–1993)
 Buckler Beer Bologna (1993–1996)
 Kinder Bologna (1996–2002)
 Virtus Bologna (2002–2003)
 Carisbo Bologna (2003–2004)
 Caffè Maxim Bologna (2004–2005)
 VidiVici Bologna (2005–2007)
 La Fortezza Bologna (2007–2009)
 Canadian Solar Bologna (2009–2012)
 SAIE3 Bologna (2012–2013)
 Oknoplast Bologna (2013)
 Granarolo Bologna (2013–2015)
 Obiettivo Lavoro Bologna (2015–2016)
 Virtus Segafredo Bologna (2016–present)

Kit manufacturer

 1977–1983: Lotto
 1983–1988: Les Copains
 1988–1996: Reebok
 1996–1999: Fila
 1999–2009: Champion
 2009–present: Macron

References

External links

Historical record and names at Lega Basket Serie A Retrieved 27 June 2015

1929 establishments in Italy
Basketball teams established in 1929
Basketball teams in Emilia-Romagna
EuroLeague-winning clubs
Sport in Bologna

Virtus Bologna


Agamemnon () was a legendary king of Mycenae, as told in The Iliad. The son of Atreus and Aerope, he was the brother of Menelaus, and the commander of the unified Greek forces in the Trojan War. His wife was Clytemnestra, with whom he sired Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike, Orestes and Chrysothemis. Homer's Iliad tells the story of his quarrel with Achilles, the greatest of the Greek warriors, in the final year of the war. Upon his return home from Troy, Agamemnon is murdered by Aegisthus, the lover of Clytemnestra. The story of his return home and subsequent murder is featured in the Odyssey (5.266).

People in Greek mythology
Classical Greek literature

Agamemnon