The Painted Man (titled The Warded Man in the US) is a fantasy novel written by American writer Peter V. Brett. It is the first part of the Demon Cycle. It was first published by HarperCollins's Voyager imprint in the United Kingdom on 1 September 2008, and was published in the United States under the title of The Warded Man in March 2009. It has been translated into German, Japanese, Polish, Czech, French, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, Serbian, Estonian and Turkish. There is also a Graphic Audio production of the book.

Summary
The novel follows three POV characters in their passage from childhood to maturity. They are inhabitants of a world plagued by the attacks of demons known as Corelings, which rise from the planet's core each night to feast upon humans. There are many different kinds of corelings, each associated with a particular element and each with different capabilities and strengths.

The ongoing attrition of these attacks have reduced humanity from an advanced state of technology to a dark age. The only defense against the corelings are wards (magical runes) that can be drawn, painted, or inscribed to form protective barriers around human settlements. These are, however, fragile and prone to failure unless properly maintained.

As the novel progresses, the protagonists each embark upon his or her own hero's journey in an effort to save humanity.

In writing the tale, Brett was keen to move beyond a simple adventure story, to present a fantasy novel about fear and its impact. He was particularly interested in the effect of fear "causing some to freeze up and others to leap into action."

Major characters

Arlen

Arlen Bales, son of Silvy and Jeph Bales of Tibbet's Brook, born 308 AR, is a POV (Point of View) and main character in The Warded Man, The Desert Spear, The Daylight War, The Skull Throne (only partially), and The Core.

Early life
Arlen grew up in Tibbet's Brook, unknowing of anything outside the hamlet and the farm owned by his father, Jeph Bales. He never had many friends and was bullied by the other children (especially by Cobie Fisher). His mother, Silvy Bales, frequently shouted at him for fighting. One day he was tired of being bullied and brought a stick, determined to fight back. It didn't get him any new friends, but stopped them from bullying him any more.

One day Ragen Messenger arrived in Tibbet's Brook with Keerin the Jongleur, giving Arlen the idea that he wanted to be a Messenger. As night fell, his mother failed to reach the safety of the wards around their house in time and was attacked, Arlen's father only standing and watching without the courage to leave the wards. Arlen left the safety of the wards and went to help his mother, spending the night with her under a trough in one of the warded animal pens. With a new view of his father they left in the morning to reach the town Herb Gatherer, Coline Trigg, because of Silvy's deep demon-inflicted wounds. Coline didn't know how to save her and they instead left to get the help of the Herb Gatherer in Sunny Pasture. Passing the farm of Harlon Tanner they decide to push on in hopes of reaching the Herb Gatherer that day but as the night gets closer Jeph Bales begins to worry they won't make it in time so he turns back to beg succour at the Tanner Farm. Harlon Tanner tells them they were only an hour or two from the Herb Gatherer and would have made it. That night Arlen's father promised him to be married to the youngest of the Tanner children, Renna Tanner. Early the next morning, they continued their journey to the healer but they couldn't reach her soon enough and Arlen's mother passes away on the road. In his grief Arlen and his father argue about how they could have saved Silvy if Jeph had not been afraid and turned back. The fight ends with Arlen jumping off the cart and running away into the forest.

On the road
Once out on his own Arlen realizes that he has placed himself in grave danger so he draws ward in the dirt to pass the night.  A large rock demon approaches the wards and in his fear Arlen accidentally steps on a ward marring it.  The rock demon and Arlen realize the error at the same time and reaches an arm in to kill Arlen, who dives for the ward and repairs it as the rock demon gouges his back. With the wards repaired they flare to life cutting off the demon's arm.  From that point forward the rock demon now called One Arm reappears every night following Arlen wherever he goes.  Arlen continues his journey with the hope of running in to Ragan the Messenger who he does finally meet up with as he collapses from the wounds inflicted by One Arm. Ragan cleans his wounds and heals him and then after some debate with Arlen agrees to take him to Fort Miln to live with Ragan and his wife and to train Arlen to be a Messenger like Ragen.

A new life
Reaching Fort Miln he accepted an apprenticeship with Cob Warder living at Ragen's mansion with Ragen, Elissa and their daughter, Marya. He also got involved with Mery, the daughter of the librarian, Tender Ronnel. Mery didn't want Arlen to be a Messenger but Arlen was stubborn and didn't give up his wish. He also got his first friend in the city, Jaik Miller, who wanted to be a Jongleur. Unfortunately, he didn't spend enough time practicing and didn't become a Jongleur, deciding to be an miller like his father instead. Arlen trained every day to be an Messenger and suddenly left for Fort Lakton one day, only saying goodbye to his friend Jaik.

Fort Krasia
After spending years as a Messenger, and after being to all forts, towns and almost every hamlet, plus a lot of ruins, he decided to ask the Krasian leader if he could fight with them in the maze. Ahmann Jardir, the leader, let him do it and they did, after some time, become good friends. Arlen came back often to fight with the Krasians and sell goods from the north to Abban.

One day he traded with Abban in the Bazaar in Fort Krasia, and got a map to the Ruins of Anoch Sun. He left for the ruin and found a spear with fighting wards. He went back to Fort Krasia to share the fighting wards with them. But sharing was not enough for Jardir and he stole the spear, leaving Arlen in the desert to die. Miraculously, he made it to the Oasis of Dawn. There, he decided to paint wards at his flesh and became The Warded Man.

Cutter's Hollow
After a few years of having been the Warded Man, he finally meets up with Leesha Paper and Rojer Inn who are running from the night and failing to create a ward circle. Later saving them and revealing his identity he agrees to escort them to Cutter's Hollow. While they travel Arlen and Leesha develop feelings for each other. Leesha, just recently raped finds protection in Arlen, while Arlen starts to question if all he wants is the corelings death or if he could find a home with Leesha. Soon Alren and Leesha get taken by their feelings and engage in sexual activity only to be interrupted by a coreling resulting in Arlen almost getting sucked into the core with it. Arlen not knowing what he is anymore and doubting his humanity reclaims being the warded man putting a wall between him and Leesha once again. Arlen being interrupted never delivers his seed inside Leesha which he is thankful for not knowing what would spawn from him. Upon arriving to Cutter's Hollow they gaze at the destruction that has taken Cutter's Hollow and The Warded Man swearing not to give anything to the corelings ever again decides to make a stand rising others to his cause and begin preparing warded weapons and fortifying the Holy House while awaiting nightfall. After the battle was done and gone The Warded Man stayed to teach more to the people of Cutter's Hollow how to further defend themselves against corelings. Later on, the hamlet Cutter's Hollow changes its name to the Deliverer's Hollow.

Leesha
Leesha is a thirteen-year-old girl who lives with her abusive mother and downtrodden father. After a slanderous rumor spread by her fiancé seems to destroy her chances of a respectable marriage and shows the true nature of many of her friends and the hypocrisy of the villagers, she devotes herself to learning the ways of herb gathering to care for the sick.

Rojer
Rojer enters the narrative as a toddler, the only member of his family to survive a coreling attack. He is rescued and adopted by an alcoholic jongleur, a type of roaming jester that frequently travels with messengers and performs in villages on the messenger's route. Rojer has a crippled hand, caused by the loss of two fingers in the coreling attack that killed his parents. This limits his ability to juggle but does not hinder him in the least when he plays his favorite instrument, the fiddle. He later remembers that the jongleur that adopted him actually caused the death of his mother, he confronts him on the road about this later, and the jongleur, in a fit of drunken rage, pushes him into the corelings. He then sees his mistake, and dies in order to save Rojer's life. With his fiddle Rojer can entrance the corelings with his music causing the corelings to follow him, anger them to rage, make them oblivious to others, or drive them away with jarring music. Rojer tries without success to teach others his skills with the fiddle. Rojer harbors strong unrequited feelings for Leesha.

Reception
The novel was selected by Amazon.co.uk as one of the Top 10 Science Fiction & Fantasy books of 2008. and has been nominated for the first David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy.

Sequels
The second volume of the Demon Cycle, The Desert Spear, was released in April 2010, published by Del Rey Books in the US and Canada, and Voyager in the UK. The third volume, entitled The Daylight War, was released 12 February 2013 by Del Rey in the United States. The fourth volume, entitled The Skull Throne, was released 31 March 2015 by Del Rey in the United States. The fifth and final volume, The Core, was released on 3 October 2017 in the United States. There are also three novellas related to the story.  "The Great Bazaar", "Brayan's Gold" and "Messenger's Legacy", each released in limited edition by Subterranean Press. Peter V. Brett has stated that he has one more book left in his publishing contract, which will be set in the same world as the Demon Cycle and may grow into a new series.

Film adaptation
It has been confirmed that the Demon Cycle has been optioned for film production by director Paul W. S. Anderson and longtime producing partner Jeremy Bolt, the duo behind the Resident Evil film franchise. A 2016 update at Peter V. Brett's webpage stated that Anderson and Bolt are no longer involved in the film production.

References

External links
 Author's website

2008 British novels
British fantasy novels
HarperCollins books

The Painted Man


The Nike MAG is a limited-edition shoe created by Nike Inc. It is a replica of a shoe featured in the film Back to the Future Part II. The Nike Mag was originally released for sale in 2011 and again in 2016. Both launches were in limited quantities. The 2011 release was limited to 1,510 pairs, while the 2016 release was limited to 89 pairs.

Nike has stated Mag is not meant for heavy activity and should not be worn for recreational purposes. They were produced mostly for display.

Background
Back to the Future, the first in a trilogy of films, was a box office success. In 1989, Nike Inc. designer Tinker Hatfield was asked to create a shoe for the second installment of the series, which was partly set in the then-futuristic year of 2015. The shoe had features that included light-up panels and self-fastening laces.

Redesign
Over 15 years later, an online petition that asked for the return of the shoes caught the attention of Tinker Hatfield. He and footwear innovator Tiffany Beers (designer of the Nike Kyrie sneaker line) worked on the redesign for approximately six years and had to restart about three times. After thousands of hours of work, the shoes were a replica of the 1989 Nike MAG worn by Marty McFly. The shoes feature an electroluminescent outsole, space-age materials, and a rechargeable internal battery good for 3,000 hours. They are the first rechargeable pair of footwear made by Nike. Power laces, a prominent feature of the shoe in the film, are not present, however Nike released a statement stating that they "Took inspiration from the film" to make the shoe.

2011 release

A limited quantity of 1,500 pairs were auctioned on eBay on September 8, 2011, and all proceeds were being dedicated to The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's disease research. Online sales of the shoe ranged between US$10,600 and US$15,900 (latest Stock X sales from 2021). Ten additional pairs, packaged in presentation boxes, were sold exclusively by Nike at live auctions around the world, for a total of 1,510 pairs.

A total of US$4.7 million was raised from the online auctions. Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, and his wife Anne Wojcicki agreed to match all donations of the Michael J. Fox Foundation, up to US$5 million up to the end of 2011. This brought the total proceeds from the online auctions to US$9.4 million.

2016 release

While Tinker Hatfield was working with Nike, according to his research, basketball athletes were hurting their feet by lacing their shoes too tight in their games on and off the court. He wondered if there was a way to eliminate that, make a shoe that would lace automatically to adjust to your foot specifically. That is when he started working on a self-lacing technology that was later on named, E.A.R.L. (Electro Adaptive Reactive Lacing). When the technology was developed, they were originally going to release it first on a basketball shoe. However, Tinker Hatfield ended up putting it in the Nike Mag to fulfill the public's wish. Then on October 21, 2015, which is the same date Marty McFly visited the future in Back to the Future Part II, Nike unveiled a self-lacing version of the Nike Mag which was scheduled to go on sale March 20, 2016. The release was delayed to October 4, 2016. Michael J. Fox was the first to get the shoes from Nike in October 2015.
On October 4, 2016, Nike opened a raffle for the Nike Mag through the RallyUp fundraising platform, where anyone could purchase a ticket for $10 (unlimited entries), but the raffle was limited to 89 pairs. All proceeds would be donated to Parkinson's research.  Nike raised an additional $6.75 million for the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.

References

External links
 Hobbyist project to make Nike Air Mags self-lace
 Nike Mag sales statistics
 How to Get the 2016 Nike Mag

Fictional elements introduced in 1989
Products introduced in 2011
Back to the Future (franchise) technology
Nike, Inc.
Replicas

Nike Mag


The Studio Building is located on 131 East 66th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.

History
This Italian Renaissance-inspired building was constructed in 1905–1906 as a cooperative apartment house. Designed by Charles A. Platt, who resided here from 1906 until his death in 1933, the building expresses the architect's highly individualistic style. Crowned by an elaborate projecting cornice, the limestone elevations are proportioned and feature a rhythmic grouping of windows. The two entrances are distinguished by massive columns and broken pediments.

A Designated Landmark plaque was fixed by the New York Landmarks Preservation Foundation in 2006.

References

External links

Residential buildings in Manhattan
Upper East Side

131 East 66th Street


Qasigiannguit (), formerly Christianshåb, is a town located in western Greenland on the southeastern shore of Disko Bay in the Qeqertalik municipality. With 1,081 inhabitants in 2020, it is the thirteenth-largest town in Greenland. The main industry is shrimp and halibut fishing.

History
The settlement was founded as a trading post for Jacob Severin's company in 1734 and named Christianshaab in honor of King Christian VI of Denmark. The name was sometimes anglicized as Christian's Hope.

Paul Egede's former residence is Greenland's oldest surviving wooden building. It was completed on 25 July 1734 and moved to its present site in 1806 owing to the heavy wind at its original location across the bay. In 1997, a museum was officially opened in the Egede house. In the summer of 1999, an archaeological discovery provided the museum with a collection of finds from different prehistoric cultures.

Transport

Air

During the winter, Air Greenland operates air services from the town heliport to Ilulissat, Qeqertarsuaq on Disko Island and Aasiaat.

Sea
During summer and autumn, when the waters of Disko Bay are navigable, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by Diskoline. The ferry links Qasigiannguit with Ilulissat, Aasiaat, Ikamiut, Akunnaaq, and Qeqertarsuaq.

Population
With 1,081 inhabitants as of 2020, Qasigiannguit is the second-largest town in the Qeqertalik municipality. The town is steadily depopulating, with the population having decreased by more than 27% relative to the 1990 levels and by nearly 17% relative to the 2000 levels.

References

Disko Bay
Populated places in Greenland
Populated places established in 1734
Populated places of Arctic Greenland
1734 establishments in North America
18th-century establishments in Greenland
Qeqertalik

Qasigiannguit


A fossorial () animal is one adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, meerkats, and mole salamanders, as well as many beetles, wasps, bees and spiders.

Prehistoric evidence
The physical adaptation of fossoriality is widely accepted as being widespread among many prehistoric phyla and taxa, such as bacteria and early eukaryotes. Furthermore, fossoriality has evolved independently multiple times, even within a single family. Fossorial animals appeared simultaneously with the colonization of land by arthropods in the late Ordovician period (over 440 million years ago).  Other notable early burrowers include Eocaecilia and possibly Dinilysia.  The oldest example of burrowing in synapsids, the lineage which includes modern mammals and their ancestors, is a cynodont, Thrinaxodon liorhinus, found in the Karoo of South Africa, estimated to be 251 million years old. Evidence shows that this adaptation occurred due to dramatic mass extinctions in the Permian period.

Physical adaptations in vertebrates

There are six major external modifications, as described by H. W. Shimer in 1903, that are shared in all mammalian burrowing species:
 Fusiform, a spindle-shaped body tapering at both ends, adapted for the dense subsurface environment.
 Lesser developed or missing eyesight, considering subsurface darkness.
 Small or missing external ears, to reduce naturally occurring friction during burrowing.
 Short and stout limbs, since swiftness or speed of movement is less important than the strength to dig.
 Broad and stout forelimbs (manus), including long claws, designed to loosen the burrowing material for the hind feet to disperse in the back.  This trait is disputed by Jorge Cubo, who states that the skull is the main tool during excavation, but that the most active parts are the forelimbs for digging and that the hind-limbs are used for stability.
 Short or missing tail, which has little to no locomotor activity or burrowing use to most fossorial mammals.

Other important physical features include a subsurface adjusted skeleton: a triangularly shaped skull, a prenasal ossicle, chisel-shaped teeth, effectively fused and short lumbar vertebrae, well-developed sternum, strong forelimb and weaker hind limb bones. Due to the lack of light, one of the most important features of fossorial animals are the development of physical, sensory traits that allow them to communicate and navigate in the dark subsurface environment. Considering that sound travels slower in the air and faster through solid earth, the use of seismic (percussive) waves on a small scale is more advantageous in these environments. Several different uses are well documented.  The Cape mole rat (Georychus capensis) uses drumming behavior to send messages to its kin through conspecific signaling. The Namib Desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti namibensis) can detect termite colonies and similar prey underground due to the development of a hypertrophied malleus.  This adaptation allows for better detection of low-frequency signals. The most likely explanation of the actual transmission of these seismic inputs, captured by the auditory system, is the use of bone conduction; whenever vibrations are applied to the skull, the signals travel through many routes to the inner ear.

For animals that burrow by compressing soil, the work required increases exponentially with body diameter. In amphisbaenians, an ancient group of burrowing lizard-like squamates, specializations include the pennation of the longissimus dorsi, the main muscle associated with burrowing, to increase muscle cross-sectional area. Constrained to small body diameters by the soil, amphisbaenians can increase muscle mass by increasing body length, not body diameter. In most amphisbaenians, limbs were lost as part of fossorial lifestyle. However the mole lizard Bipes, unlike other amphisbaenians, retains robust digging forelimbs comparable to those of moles and mole crickets.

Physiological modifications

Many fossorial and sub-fossorial mammals that live in temperate zones with partially frozen grounds tend to hibernate due to the seasonal lack of soft, succulent herbage and other sources of nutrition.

W. H. Shimer concluded that, in general, species that adopted fossorial lifestyles likely did so because they failed, aboveground, to find food and protection from predators. Additionally, some, such as E. Nevo, propose that fossorial lifestyles could have occurred because aboveground climates were harsh. Shifts towards an underground lifestyle also entail changes in metabolism and energetics, often in a weight-dependent manner. Sub-fossorial species weighing more than  have comparably lower basal rates than those weighing lower than . The average fossorial animal has a basal rate between 60% and 90%. Further observations conclude that larger burrowing animals, such as hedgehogs or armadillos, have lower thermal conductance than smaller animals, most likely to reduce heat storage in their burrows.

Geological and ecological implications
One important impact on the environment caused by fossorial animals is bioturbation, defined by Marshall Wilkinson as the alteration of fundamental properties of the soil, including surface geomorphic processes. It is measured that small fossorials, such as ants, termites, and earthworms displace a massive amount of soil.  The total global rates displaced by these animals are equivalent to the total global rates of tectonic uplift. The presence of burrowing animals also has a direct impact on the soil's composition, structure, and growing vegetation. The impact these animals have can range from feeding, harvesting, caching and soil disturbances, but can differ considering the large diversity of fossorial species – especially herbivorous species. The net effect is usually composed of an alteration of the composition of plant species and increased plant diversity, which can cause issues with standing crops, as the homogeneity of the crops is affected. Burrowing also impacts the nitrogen cycle in the affected soil. Mounds and bare soils that contain burrowing animals have considerably higher amounts of  and  as well as greater nitrification potential and microbial  consumption than in vegetated soils. The primary mechanism for this occurrence is caused by the removal of the covering grassland.

Burrowing snakes may be more vulnerable to changing environments than non-burrowing snakes, although this may not be the case for other fossorial groups such as lizards. This may form an evolutionary dead end for snakes.

See also
Arboreal
Burrow
Cursorial
Fossa

References

Habitats
Cave animals
Animal physiology
Animal locomotion

Fossorial


Eagle Comics was a short lived comic book company that existed to reprinting comic serials from the UK's 2000 A.D. magazine for distribution in North American. They existed from 1983 to 1986 and were based in London, England, with product production and distribution in Canada.

History
The company was formed by Nick Landau to republish stories from the comics anthology, repackaged into American comic book format (in the same way his Titan Books had been reprinting them as trade paperbacks). In 1986 the license, from IPC, passed to Quality Communications.

Titles
The series they brought to American audiences included-

 Judge Dredd (33 issues - continued by Quality Comics)
 Judge Dredd: The Judge Child Quest (5 issue mini-series)
 Judge Dredd's Crime File (6 issue mini-series)
 Judge Dredd: The Early Cases (6 issue mini-series)
 The Stainless Steel Rat (6 issue mini-series)
 Strontium Dog (8 issue mini-series)
 Robohunter (5 issue mini-series)
 Nemesis The Warlock (7 issue mini-series)
 2000 A.D. Monthly (6 issues)

Comic companies
Companies based in London
1986 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1983 establishments in England
1980s disestablishments in England

Eagle Comics


Michael Hurll (7 October 1936 – 18 September 2012) was a British television producer who specialized in the comedy and light entertainment genres. He produced many British TV shows including The Two Ronnies, Top of the Pops, and Blind Date. He was for many years a producer for the BBC, and later worked for LWT and as an independent producer. He also had a long association with television hosts Cilla Black and Noel Edmonds. At the BBC, he was the producer of The Eurovision Song Contest twice, taking charge of the 1974 contest in Brighton (won by Abba) and again in 1982 in Harrogate.

He was the originator of the British Comedy Awards, and for many years produced them, through his company Michael Hurll Television.

He died of Parkinson's disease in 2012, aged 75.

References

External links

1936 births
2012 deaths
British television producers
BBC television producers
Place of birth missing
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Neurological disease deaths in the United Kingdom

Michael Hurll


Korey Kot is a village of Pakistan in district Sargodha near Tehsil Kot Momin. Its population is about ten thousand. Korey and Koot were two ancient tribes who lived in this village centuries ago. Legend has it that the village was inundated by river Chenab as it used to flow by the village then. The ancestors of village came from village naseerpur, a nearby settlement known to be existing since 1150 AD.

Ranjha رانجھا, Tarars, Dahar ڈار, Haral, and Gondal are the main tribes but Ranjha is the dominant and the most numerous landowning tribe in the village. Village has a number of educated people who are serving the nation as army officers, teachers, lawyers, bureaucrats and progressive farmers etc.The village has seen massive transformation in agriculture and infrastructural projects and is now considered one of the best developed villages served with five roads, a rural hospital, a boys high school and a girls high school. Korey Kot has fertile land and is well known for its Kinno (orange) orchards. Majority of the population belongs to Sunni Muslim sect.
Though this village has a large number of educated people yet they are still engaged in medieval-era-like turf wars but the situation is improving on fast rate due to heavy investment by people in education of their children . Demographically, the village comprises three major social classes, i.e. landowning class, landless peasants and Kamwalas ---- those who do minor jobs. In fact, this village is a microcosm of the wider class based Pakistani culture. Moreover, shrine of Baba Shah Manzoor, a famous mystic who is said to have gone under the earth alive along with a female follower, is also located in this village. Shah Muhammad Muslim Sheikh, a famous folk singer, was also born in this village. Allahyarkay, Numberdars,Molu_Kay ,Shahukay, SukheKay, Rajaykay, Ghulamkay, SalihonKay and Amirkay are renowned families who own vast tracts of agricultural lands. Village's history based on local series of fights between Allayarka and Nambardar families was penned down by a local poet named Ahmed Wadhan. Until recently this Punjabi waar (epic poetry)used to be sung in local gatherings but due to busy pace of life nobody finds time to organise  such events any longer.
Jeweana family (all ranjha families in the village can be categorised under three main tribes, i.e Khariyana clan, Jeweana clan and Bhaikhanana clan) believes that their ancestor Dhaan Muhammad was the first settler in the village while Bhaikhanana family believes that the first settlers belonged to their clan. Nambardar family,on the other hand, claim that the village was registered through the efforts of their forefather named Hassan.
Apart from these details, the village is just five Kilometers away from Takht Hazara, a village, where "Dheedhu Ranjha" the most famous character of  "Heer Ranjha" story was born. Likewise, Bhehra, the first line of defence of Mughal and Sultanate dynasties of India against foreign invaders such as Greek and Persians, is also a few kilometres away from the village. So, "Alexander the Great" and Nadir Shah of Iran must have passed by the village when they invaded India but no claim to the resistance of locals to foreign invaders can be made due to unavailability of historical record.
The Famous Personalities of this village are
Ustad Yaqoob (Late),
Nazar Muhammad Ranjha (DG Audit&Accouts),
Brig (R) Muzzafar Ranjha,
ASC Aman Ullah Ranjha (Late),
Zafar Iqbal Ranjha MOLU_KA (Ex_Chairman of Zakat Committee, EX_President of Public Accounts Committee),
Mukhtar Ranjha (Civil Judge),
Umair Ranjha (Director Anti_Crrouption),
Rabnawaz Ranjha (Director NAB),
Adil Ranjha (CO MC_Jhang),
Azmat Bajwa (Director FIA),
Major Faisal Kamal Haral,
Capt. Nawazish Ranjha,
Lt.Anees Sheryar Ranjha,
Bashir Ranjha (Vice Chairman of UC Mela)

Populated places in Sargodha District

Korey Koot


Henry John Peters (September 16, 1924 – January 4, 2015) was an American professional baseball executive who held senior management positions for the Kansas City Athletics, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball between  and . During his dozen years as general manager of the Orioles (1976–87), Baltimore won two American League pennants (in  and ) and the 1983 World Series championship. Peters was named The Sporting News Executive of the Year after both pennant-winning seasons.

In addition, as president of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (1972–75), Peters was the chief executive of minor league baseball and helped it survive one of the worst crises in its history.

The native of St. Louis, Missouri, spent more than 40 years in organized baseball.

Early life and education
Peters graduated from Cleveland High School. After high school, he served for three years in the United States Army during World War II in the European Theater of Operations.

Baseball career

Early career
Following his military service, Peters joined the St. Louis Browns after answering a newspaper advertisement, and eventually worked his way into their scouting department. When the Browns left St. Louis for Baltimore after the  season, becoming the modern Orioles franchise, Peters stayed in the Midwest. He spent 1954 as general manager of the Burlington Bees of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, then joined the front office of the Kansas City Athletics, newly transplanted from Philadelphia, in 1955.

Kansas City Athletics
By 1960, Peters was in charge of the Athletics' scouting and minor league system.  In the autumn of that year, Charlie Finley bought the team, and Peters became farm system director of the Cincinnati Reds. But after one season in Cincinnati, Peters returned to the Athletics and Finley, where he would work for the tempestuous owner for four full seasons and hold the title of general manager during the 1965 campaign. Kansas City finished last in 1965, but it possessed at the big-league level (Bert Campaneris, Dick Green and Catfish Hunter) and in its farm system (Sal Bando, Rollie Fingers, Blue Moon Odom, Gene Tenace, Rick Monday, and others) a core of players that—after the franchise moved to Oakland in 1968—would help the A's win three consecutive world championships from 1972 to 1974.

President of minor league baseball
After leaving Finley and the Athletics, Peters joined the Indians as director of player personnel and assistant general manager working under Gabe Paul from 1966 to 1971, but the Indians had only one successful season () during that six-year time frame. He then served as the sixth president in the history of the National Association, the umbrella group that governed the minor leagues, during a critical period. The minors had been suffering from over 20 years of plunging attendance, contraction and decline, and were in danger of extinction. The short-season  Northern League folded after the 1971 season, and other circuits like the Class A Carolina and Western Carolinas leagues, the short-season Northwest League and the Rookie-level Pioneer League, then operating with the bare minimum of four teams, were on the verge of collapsing.

"We had so many leagues that were in danger of going out of business," Peters said. His response was to encourage the creation of "co-op" teams that received players from multiple MLB clubs to keep the struggling leagues afloat. "I spent a lot of my time trying to convince Major League Baseball that they really needed these leagues. I'm proud that we were able to create clubs, getting two or three players from this team and a few from another team and so on, so that we could put together an unaffiliated team and each league could have at least four teams. Some of those leagues that were in trouble are now strong and prosperous."

Baltimore Orioles
Peters was appointed executive vice president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles on November 3, 1975. He succeeded Frank Cashen, who had returned to team owner Jerold Hoffberger's Carling National Breweries, Inc. as its senior vice president of marketing and sales. The challenge that Peters faced was maintaining the Orioles as perennial contenders despite the limited finances of both the ballclub and the brewery and the advent of free agency in MLB which was made possible by the Seitz decision overturning the reserve clause.

During his initial year in Baltimore, Peters executed a pair of blockbuster deals that were influenced by the oncoming free agency following the  campaign. The first happened just before the start of the regular season when Reggie Jackson, Ken Holtzman and minor-league right-handed pitcher Bill Van Bommel were acquired from the Oakland Athletics for Don Baylor, Mike Torrez and Paul Mitchell on April 1. The other came at the trade deadline on June 15 when Holtzman, Doyle Alexander, Grant Jackson, Elrod Hendricks and Jimmy Freeman were sent to the New York Yankees for Rudy May, Dave Pagan, Rick Dempsey, Scott McGregor and Tippy Martinez, the last three becoming part of a nucleus that kept the Orioles as perennial contender for the next decade. Peters augmented that nucleus with a farm system that produced Eddie Murray, Cal Ripken Jr., Rich Dauer, Mike Flanagan, Dennis Martínez, Sammy Stewart, Mike Boddicker and Storm Davis. The Orioles won the American League pennant in 1979 and 1983 and also captured the World Series in the latter year.

Following the 1983 world championship, the Orioles went into decline, and after enduring their first back-to-back losing seasons in three decades, in 1986–87, Peters was fired on October 5, 1987.

Cleveland Indians
Less than a month later, on November 2, 1987, he returned to the Indians as their president and chief operating officer. Although the Indians never compiled a winning record during Peters' four full years in the job, he lay the foundation for the strong Cleveland teams of the 1990s, signing youngsters Jim Thome, Manny Ramírez and Charles Nagy, and trading for Sandy Alomar Jr. and Carlos Baerga.  Peters also brought John Hart from Baltimore to the Indians' organization as his hand-picked successor. As the club's top baseball operations executive from September 1991 through October 2001, Hart would lead the Indians through their period of sustained success that began with their move to Jacobs Field in 1994, including American League pennants in  and .

Personal
Peters was married to the former Dorothy Kleimeier, with whom he had a daughter and a son, until her death in 2010. He died of complications from a stroke in Boca Raton, Florida on January 4, 2015, aged 90.

External links

Hank Peters at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

References

2015 deaths
1924 births
United States Army personnel of World War II
Baltimore Orioles executives
Cincinnati Reds executives
Cleveland Indians executives
Kansas City Athletics executives
Major League Baseball farm directors
Major League Baseball general managers
Major League Baseball scouting directors
Major League Baseball team presidents
Minor league baseball executives
St. Louis Browns scouts
Sportspeople from St. Louis
United States Army soldiers

Hank Peters


"XxxO" is a song by English recording artist M.I.A., released as the lead single from her third studio album, Maya (2010). The song was written by M.I.A., Charles "Blaqstarr" Smith and Cherry Byron-Withers, and produced by Blaqstarr and Rusko. "XXXO" was first released as a digital download following its world premiere on radio on 10 May 2010, and released in physical format in the United Kingdom on 28 June 2010. Two XXXO remix EPs were released alongside the single, featuring Jay-Z, SBTRKT, KickRaux amongst others on official remixes. The song's release followed the digital release of "Born Free", also from Maya.

An uptempo synth-pop song, "XXXO" exhibits a Tamil folk music-influenced melody with elements of techno and tribal music displayed. The song's instrumentation consists of marching band percussion, and backing vocals, drawing inspiration from pop music. "XXXO" is lyrically based on the theme of the creation of a sex symbol and romance in the digital age. Music critics praised the direction of the record, its playful lyrics and futuristic sound. An accompanying music video for the song was filmed by M.I.A. during the month of July 2010, who opted to direct herself having initially commissioned Hype Williams to direct. It features graphics interchange formats and animation of her album artwork, and depicts the singer singing seductively to the camera and scenes from her flip-cam, framed by stars, greeting card flower decorations and English words written in Arabic alphabet or A, B, Cs. The video features leopard imagery alongside references to social networking platforms such as MySpace and YouTube, with the singer singing "you want me be somebody who I'm really not" as the song's chorus. The video was nominated for the "Best Video" award at the 2011 UK Asian Music Awards. The "XXXO Burka" she wore to the 2010 Scream Awards was named by Time as the second top fashion statement of 2010.

Following the release of Maya, the song charted at number 26 in the United Kingdom and number 30 in Scotland, debuting at number two on the UK Indie Chart and number 12 on the UK R&B Chart. "XXXO" is M.I.A.'s second single to reach the UK top 40 and second most successful single in the UK after "Paper Planes" reached number 19 in 2009. The single debuted at number 74 in Australia, charted at number 39 in Spain, reached number 60 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100, and the top ten on the Danish radio airplay chart and in Belgium. "XXXO" was danced to by contestants Robert Roldan and Courtney Galliano of So You Think You Can Dance in 2010 for their Jazz selection. M.I.A. performed the song live for the first time at the Toronto Sound Academy in 2010. Critically, "XXXO" was lauded as yet another departure for M.I.A.. The song was listed at number two on the NMEs best tracks of 2010 and in October 2011, the publication placed it at number 70 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".

Background
"XXXO" was written by M.I.A., Charles Smith and Cherry Byron-Withers, and produced by Rusko and Blaqstarr. The single was premiered on BBC Radio 1 as Zane Lowe's "Hottest Record in the World" on 11 May 2010.

Composition
"XXXO" is a synth-pop song that draws heavily from M.I.A.'s trademark percussion and clap beats in each bar and incorporates a folk style melody. "XXXO" is considered the most pop-influenced song on the album, with M.I.A. describing the song as showcasing her "cheesy pop side". "XXXO" is performed in a tempo of 120 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in verse-chorus form with a bridge before the fourth and final chorus repeating as the coda. The song's instrumentation is simple and minimal, consisting of electro keyboard synths, marching band percussion, beeps and bloops. Charles Aaron of Spin noted that the song was one of M.I.A.'s most plainspoken tracks, reminiscent of the "data-dazed R'n'B" of the song "Space" on the album. Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times compared the song's chorus vocals favourably to those of Robyn and that her vocal style resembled a girlish coo of early 1980s new wavers, about a seduction that was artistic and not sensual.

"XXXO" is a portmanteau of "XXX", which most commonly represents pornography, and "XOXO", which implies kisses and hugs; a slant on teenage girls' charm, naivety, and their attempts to appeal to boys. "XXXO" is also meant to be a pun to "Excess Sex Oh", which expresses disapproval of the overly manifested sexuality of modern media. Lyrically, the song concerns the making of a sex symbol, and consists of M.I.A pulling a switcheroo on a pop template. The song's lyrics contain textspeak, and reference iPhones and Twitter. The bridge features the lyrics "Upload your photo / see below / you like what you see, you can download and store / we can find ways / just scan what you know / I can be that actress, you be Tarantino." A writer for Rap-Up describes the song as an angry love letter, noting how the singer laments over an overbearing boyfriend who is "tweeting [her] like Tweety Bird on [his] iPhone" before giving him the cold shoulder in the chorus "You want me be somebody who I'm really not." According to Powers, the male in her picture is Tarantino, less likely a lover than a producer trying to turn her big ideas into something more containable. The bridge features the lyrics "I can be that actress" but as the reviewer notes "she really can't. She's all push and pull; like her fellow 'post-feminist' art star Karen O, she understands that something's gotta break – either the role designed for her, or herself."

Release and promotion

The song was premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 May 2010 in the UK. It was released as a digital download on 11 May 2010 with the physical release of the single the following day. On 18 July 2010 it reached number 26 on the UK Singles Chart. "XXXO" was danced to by contestants Robert Roldan and Courtney Galliano of So You Think You Can Dance in 2010.

"XXXO"'s official remixes included contributions from Riton, SBTRKT and a dirty mix by Blaqstarr appearing on the UK 12-inch single released by XL Recordings. A red transparent 7-inch single was released featuring the main song and Blaqstarr dirty mix. An official main mix features rapper Jay-Z who previously appeared on a remix of the M.I.A. single "Boyz" from the How Many Votes Fix Mix EP. This main mix leaked onto the Internet on 10 June 2010. The US CD single features various official remixes including the Jay-Z main mix, two remixes of this mix by Fulton Yard with Walt Boogie and Rieces Pieces and those remixes by Riton and SBTRKT. Two digital EPs of these remixes to the song were released separately by her labels in June 2010 in 12-inch single, CD and download formats. XL Recordings and Interscope Records released XXXO (The Remixes) on 15 June 2010 and XXXO The Remixes Part 2 on 29 June 2010. DJ Qness and Mujava created their own remix which was circulated on the Internet, fusing South African Kwaito, house music and M.I.A.'s pop vocal alignment. On 15 June 2010, Zane Lowe made the Jay-Z remix his "Hottest Record in the World", a month following bestowing the single the same accolade. "XXXO" was released in the UK on 28 June 2010. Revealing her surprise that Jay-Z liked and decided to appear on the album version of "XXXO" and not Blaqstarr's dirty mix which was more "urban" sounding to the songwriter, M.I.A noted "It was interesting he liked the one with the crazy synths and stuff. It's more sort of [an] electro vibe ... and his verse is so great. It was good to hear him say the word 'metrosexual.' "

M.I.A. performed "XXXO" at the Sound Academy in Toronto in late 2009. On the red carpet to the Spike TV 2010 Scream Awards she wore the "XXXO Burka", a black burka – a traditional Islamic garment – printed with lyrics, the graphic "XO I Love You" inside a heart and artwork to the song and album, and revealing teal eye shadow, studded stilettos and yellow nail polish. The singer went  with a different ensemble for her onstage performance later in the night, sporting a blue-turquoise wig, yellow sequined blouse, pink pants and green shoes to sing "Teqkilla." Time magazine placed the "XXXO Burka" at number two on its list of the "Top Ten Fashion Statements of 2010", stating "there was a sharp intake of breath when singer M.I.A. turned up at an awards event this year in one of the most controversial garments of our era: a burqa. For many, it's a symbol of oppression, representing the systematic silencing of female voices. For others, it's a symbol of liberation, freeing the women who wear it from oversexualization or objectification of the female form. Either way, at least we know it's versatile" before concluding that it was difficult to be offended by the friendly piece.

Reception

Critical reaction

"XXXO" was acclaimed by music critics. Brad Wete of Entertainment Weekly had concerns about M.I.A.'s third album after listening to previous single "Born Free", but said with "XXXO" his worries had been eased. Wete wrote, "this techno-tinged dance record is what we hoped for from our Sri Lankan anti-pop star. It's an aggressive but friendly love cut dressed up with playful lyrics [...] It's the fun, naughty stuff we like." Rolling Stone'''s reviewer characterised the song as a "futuristic, tribal jam", revolving around "little more than reverb-dunked marching-band beat and M.I.A.'s tweaked-to-the-max vocals", before concluding "you have to admire her for always pushing her sound and art forward. When M.I.A. sings, "You want me be somebody who I'm really not", she does it with her middle finger raised high, pointing squarely at your face." PopMatters described the song as being "catchy, relatively straightforward dance pop", shedding the "Technicolor excesses" and world-music hybridity that listeners had come to expect from the rapper.

Commercial performance
"XXXO" debuted on the UK Singles Chart on 18 July 2010 at number 26, following the release of Maya. "XXXO" marks M.I.A.'s second top 40 single and second most successful single after "Paper Planes" reached number 19 in 2009. The single also debuted at number two on the UK Indie Chart behind Example's "Kickstarts", as well as number 12 on the UK R&B Chart.

Awards and accolades
The song was listed at number two on the NMEs best tracks of 2010. The song placed number 101 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2010, a list of the most popular songs of the year as chosen by listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. In October 2011, NME placed it at number 70 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years". The music video was nominated for the "Best Video" award at the 2011 UK Asian Music Awards.

Music video
The official music video was released on 11 August 2010 on her official Vevo account, following an announcement by M.I.A. on her Twitter feed that read "WORLD PREMIA XXXO XXXO XXXO VIDEO!!!YO!". The music video was to be directed by Hype Williams, but M.I.A. eventually directed the video. The quirky, playful visuals, evolved from animated web graphics based on M.I.A.'s own designs for the album cover and booklet. The video features shots filmed on M.I.A.'s flipcam. The video for "XXXO" references several online social networking sites and resembles online GIFs and animations that are popular on Arabic-language Internet forums, blogs, and social/dating websites. It features M.I.A. in a number of headshots amongst glittery floral graphics, resembling those made on Blingee. At one point in the clip, four white unicorns gallop across the screen. Golden Arabic-style calligraphy spells out her name and, at another point, the phrase "click here to download", written in a similar font, scrolls diagonally across the screen. The YouTube screenshots featured on the cover of the Maya's album also appear in the video, in various video feedback sequences. The video ends with the MySpace refrain "Thank you for adding me."

Track listings

Digital single
"XXXO" (Album Version) – 2:58

UK 12" single
A1. "XXXO" – 2:58
A2. "XXXO" (Riton ReRub) – 3:48
B1. "XXXO" (SBTRKT Remix) – 3:33
B2. "XXXO" (Blaqstarr Dirty Mix) – 3:03

UK digital single
"XXXO" – 2:54
"XXXO" (Riton ReRub) – 3:49
"XXXO" (SBTRKT Remix) – 3:33
"XXXO" (Blaqstarr Dirty Mix) – 3:04
"XXXO" (Various Remix) – 3:02

US red transparent 7" single
A. "XXXO" (Album Version) – 2:58
B. "XXXO" (Blaqstarr Dirty Mix) – 3:03

US CD single
"XXXO" (Fulton Yard/WaltBoogie Remix) featuring Jay-Z – 3:04
"XXXO" (Fulton Yard/Rieces Pieces Remix) featuring Jay-Z – 2:56
"XXXO" (Main Mix) featuring Jay-Z – 2:53
"XXXO" (SBTRKT Remix) – 3:33
"XXXO" (Various Remix) – 3:01
"XXXO" (Riton ReRub) – 3:48

US digital EP – The Remixes
"XXXO" (Main Mix) featuring Jay-Z – 2:53
"XXXO" (Fulton Yard/WaltBoogie Remix) featuring Jay-Z – 3:04
"XXXO" (Fulton Yard/Rieces Pieces Remix) featuring Jay-Z – 2:56

US digital EP – The Remixes Part 2
"XXXO" (SBTRKT Remix) – 3:33
"XXXO" (Various Remix) – 3:01
"XXXO" (Riton ReRub) – 3:48

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Maya''.

 M.I.A. – vocals, songwriting
 Ben H. Allen – mixing
 Blaqstarr – production, songwriting
 Cherry Byron-Withers – songwriting
 Robert Gardiner – mix assistance
 Rusko – production

Charts

References

2010 singles
2010 songs
Interscope Records singles
M.I.A. (rapper) songs
British synth-pop songs
XL Recordings singles
Songs written by Blaqstarr
Songs written by M.I.A. (rapper)

XXXO


Blue is the Warmest Colour is a French drama movie about lesbianism. It was based on the 2010 French graphic novel Blue Angel.

The protagonist is a fifteen-year-old girl. She wants to become a teacher. Her life gets turned upside down when she meets with a blue-haired art student attending a nearby college with whom she has a lesbian romance.

The movie was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on May 23, 2013. It was released in other places later that year. The movie was rated NC-17 in the United States (no children 17 and under admitted) because of its sexual content.

2010s coming-of-age movies
2013 romantic drama movies
2010s teen drama movies
2010s teen romance movies
Coming-of-age drama movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
French LGBT movies
French drama movies
French-language movies
French romance movies
Belgian LGBT movies
Belgian romance movies
Belgian drama movies
Spanish LGBT movies
Spanish romance movies
Spanish drama movies
NC-17 rated movies
Teen LGBT movies
Movies directed by Abdellatif Kechiche
LGBT erotic movies
2013 independent movies

Blue is the Warmest Colour


Jorge G. Castillo is a Cuban-American chef and television personality. Born in Cayo la Rosa near Bauta, Cuba, Castillo came to the United States in the Mariel Boatlift of 1980. Castillo is a member of the Three Guys From Miami, a group that promotes Cuban culture and cuisine throughout the United States and Canada. The Three Guys From Miami have appeared in "Keith Famie's Adventures", in "Tyler's Ultimate" with Tyler Florence, and in "Christmas in America" with Rachael Ray, all on the Food Network They have also been featured on "The Splendid Table" on National Public Radio, "Sara's Secrets" with Sara Moulton on the Food Network, "Taste of America" with Mark DeCarlo on the Travel Channel, and in a Public Television documentary, "La Cocina Cubana: Secretos de mi Abuela" (The Cuban Kitchen: My Grandmother's Secrets).

The Three Guys From Miami are authors of the books "Three Guys From Miami Cook Cuban" , and "Three Guys From Miami Celebrate Cuban" . Castillo and the Three Guys From Miami promote Cuban culture and the Cuban experience in the United States.

References

External links
 Three Guys from Miami Official Website

American chefs
American male chefs
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Jorge Castillo (chef)


Sofia Carmina Coppola ( ; born May 14, 1971) is an American filmmaker and actress. Coppola has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Golden Lion, and a Cannes Film Festival Award, as well as nominations for three BAFTA Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award.

The youngest child and only daughter of filmmakers Eleanor and Francis Ford Coppola, she made her film debut as an infant in her father's acclaimed crime drama The Godfather (1972). Coppola later appeared in several music videos and had a supporting role in the fantasy comedy film Peggy Sue Got Married (1986). She then portrayed Mary Corleone, the daughter of Michael Corleone, in the sequel The Godfather Part III (1990).

Coppola transitioned into filmmaking with her feature-length directorial debut in the coming-of-age drama The Virgin Suicides (1999). Her films often deal with themes of loneliness, wealth, privilege, isolation, youth, femininity, and adolescence in America. It was the first of her collaborations with actress Kirsten Dunst. Coppola received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation (2003), and became the third woman to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. She has since directed the historical drama Marie Antoinette (2006), the family drama Somewhere (2010), the satirical crime drama The Bling Ring (2013), the southern gothic thriller The Beguiled (2017), the comedy On the Rocks (2020), and the biographical drama Priscilla (2023).

In 2015, Coppola released the Netflix Christmas musical comedy special A Very Murray Christmas, which earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.

Early life and family

Coppola was born in New York City on May 14, 1971, the youngest child and only daughter of documentarian Eleanor (née Neil) and filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola. She is of Italian descent (Lucanian and Neapolitan) on her father's side and was raised on her parents' farm in Rutherford, California. At 15, Coppola interned with Chanel.  Coppola graduated from St. Helena High School in 1989. She first studied at Mills College and transferred to the California Institute of the Arts from 1993 to 1994 to focus on painting. Thereafter, she attended Art Center College of Design, where she was mentored by Paul Jasmin. After dropping out of college, Coppola started a clothing line called Milkfed, which is now sold exclusively in Japan.

Among her extensive Hollywood family are her aunt Talia Shire, and her first cousins Nicolas Cage and Jason Schwartzman. Coppola had many varying interests growing up, including fashion, photography, music, and design, and did not initially intend to become a filmmaker. However, after making her first short film Lick the Star in 1998, she realized it "brought together all the things [she] loved", and decided to continue her directing pursuits.

Career

1972–1999: Acting career
Coppola's acting career, marked by frequent criticisms of nepotism and negative reviews, began while she was an infant, as she made background appearances in eight of her father's films. The best known of these is her appearance in The Godfather as the infant Michael Francis Rizzi, in the baptism scene. Coppola also acted in her father's films The Outsiders (1983), in a scene where Matt Dillon, Tommy Howell, and Ralph Macchio are eating at a Dairy Queen; Rumble Fish (1983); The Cotton Club (1984); and Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), in which she portrayed Kathleen Turner's sister Nancy. Frankenweenie (1984) was the first film Coppola performed in that was not associated with her father; however, it often goes unnoted due to her stage name "Domino", which she adopted at the time because she thought it was glamorous. A short film entitled Life Without Zoe (1989), released as part of a tripartite anthology film New York Stories, was co-written by a teenage Coppola and her father; her father also directed the film.

During the nineties, she appeared in several music videos, including the ones for Sonic Youth's song Mildred Pierce from the Goo album, Sometimes Salvation by the Black Crowes, and the Chemical Brothers' Elektrobank, directed by her then partner Spike Jonze (who also appears in the video).

Coppola returned to her father's Godfather trilogy in both the second and third Godfather films, playing an immigrant child in The Godfather Part II and playing Michael Corleone's daughter in The Godfather Part III after the originally-cast actress, Winona Ryder, dropped out of the film at the last minute due to nervous exhaustion. It has been suggested that Coppola's performance in The Godfather Part III damaged Francis Ford Coppola's career and ruined Sofia's before it had even begun. Coppola has said that she never really wanted to act and only did it to help out when her father asked her to. It has also been suggested that Sofia's role in the film may have affected its box office performance, which started strongly and then went into decline. Coppola herself worried that she had only been given the role because she was the director's daughter, and the role placed a strain on her during the time of shooting that her mother observed in a series of diaries she wrote for Vogue during the filming. Coppola later stated that she was not hurt by the criticism from her work in the film because she never especially wanted an acting career.

After she was critically panned for her performance in The Godfather Part III (for which she was named "Worst Supporting Actress" and "Worst New Star" at the 1990 Golden Raspberry Awards), Coppola largely ended her acting career; however, she did appear in the independent film Inside Monkey Zetterland (1992), as well as in the backgrounds of films by her friends and family (for example, she appeared as Saché, one of Queen Padmé Amidala's five handmaidens, in George Lucas' 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace). Coppola also appeared in several 1990s music videos: the Black Crowes' "Sometimes Salvation"; Sonic Youth's "Mildred Pierce"; Madonna's "Deeper and Deeper"; the Chemical Brothers' "Elektrobank", which was directed by her then-husband Spike Jonze; and later Phoenix's "Funky Squaredance".

1998–2003: Directorial debut and acclaim
 The Virgin Suicides (1999)

Coppola's first short film was Lick the Star (1998). It played many times on the Independent Film Channel. She made her feature film directing debut with The Virgin Suicides (1999); it received critical acclaim upon its premiere in North America at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and was released later that year. Coppola was first drawn to the story after reading the book by Jeffrey Eugenides in 1995, at the recommendation of musician Thurston Moore. Coppola said she felt the novel's author understood the teenage experience. She has also said that if not for the book, she may not have had a career in film. Specifically, Coppola has highlighted the representation of teenagers "lazing around", a situation she connected with but felt was not seen very much in films in any relatable way. The story's theme of loss was a personal connection for Coppola in light of the 1986 death of her oldest brother in a boating accident, though she stated that she did not immediately realize this connection. Coppola secured the rights to the novel without her father's help, and adapted the screenplay herself. The low-budget film drew praise from critics, and represented the point at which Coppola broke out of her father's shadow as a filmmaker in her own right. She credits the start of her career to the Cannes festival after the film premiered there.

 Lost in Translation (2003)

Coppola's second feature Lost in Translation (2003) won her the Academy Award for best original screenplay and three Golden Globe Awards including Best Picture Musical or Comedy. After Lina Wertmüller and Jane Campion, Coppola became the third female director to be nominated for an Academy Award for Directing and the second to win the Original Screenplay award, after Campion in 1994 (Wertmüller was also nominated). Her win for the best original screenplay in 2003 made her a third-generation Oscar winner. Coppola was the second woman, after Edith Head, to be nominated for three Oscars in one night. In 2004, Coppola was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Coppola shot Lost in Translation in 27 days, with a small crew, working without permits. Scenes were filmed impromptu on the street, while scenes shot at the Park Hyatt Hotel allowed the crew to use its corridors between two and three in the morning without disturbing guests.

The film received positive reception and acclaim, though also generated controversy due the film's usage "of Japan as an exotic and bizarre landscape for its American protagonists". The group Asian Mediawatch lobbied against the film's Academy Award nominations, stating "The film has no meaningful Japanese roles, nor is there any significant dialogue between the main characters and the Japanese. Such portrayals perpetuate negative stereotypes and attitudes that are harmful to Asian Americans in the US, where a significant minority of Americans already have negative attitudes towards Asians." Coppola responded to these allegations in an interview for The Independent, "I can see why people might think that, but I know I'm not racist. I think if everything's based on truth, you can make fun, have a little laugh, but also be respectful of a culture. I just love Tokyo, and I'm not mean-spirited...Even on our daily call sheets, they would mix up the 'rs' and the 'ls' – all that was from experience, it's not made up. I guess someone has misunderstood my intentions. It bugs me, because I know I'm not racist."

2006–2017: Established career

 Marie Antoinette (2006)

Her third film was the biopic Marie Antoinette (2006), adapted from the biography by British historian Antonia Fraser. Kirsten Dunst plays the titular character and Jason Schwartzman, Coppola's cousin, plays King Louis XVI. The film debuted at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival where, despite boos in the audience, it received a standing ovation. Though critics were divided at the time of its release, it has since received more critical acclaim in the years that followed. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian declared, "Sofia Coppola's presentation of Marie's life has a sisterly, unjudging intimacy, and the director has carried off pert inventions and provocations with some style, combining dazzling visual tableaux and formal set-pieces in strict period, with new wave chart hits from the 1970s and 80s: these musical anachronisms lending ironic torsion to the overall effect."

Marie Antoinette was shot on location at the Château de Versailles. Coppola herself has claimed that she was initially drawn towards the character of Marie Antoinette as an innocent and caring character who found herself in a situation outside of her control, and that rather than creating a historical representation, she wanted to create a more intimate look into the world of the heroine. The film's style is not that of a traditional biopic, and instead utilizes "hit songs and incongruous dialogue". The film received the Academy Award for Best Costume Design as well as three BAFTA Awards nominations.

 Somewhere (2010)

Coppola's fourth film was Somewhere (2010), filmed at Chateau Marmont. The plot focuses on a "bad boy" actor Marco (portrayed by Stephen Dorff) who is forced to reevaluate his life when his daughter Cleo (played by Elle Fanning) arrives unexpectedly. The relationship between Marco and Cleo was loosely based on Coppola's own relationship with her father. The film won the prestigious Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. In November 2010, Coppola was interviewed by Joel Coen, who professed his admiration of her work, at the DGA screening of Somewhere in New York City.

Somewhere depicts a newly famous actor (Stephen Dorff) recuperating from a minor injury whose wealth, fame, and professional experiences cannot allevaite the existential crisis he is experiencing, as he is forced to care for his 11-year-old daughter in the absence of his wife. The film premiered at the 67th Venice International Film Festival, and opened in the rest of Italy, on September 3, 2010. The festival jury unanimously awarded the film the Golden Lion prize for the best overall film. Quentin Tarantino, president of the jury, said the film "grew and grew in our hearts, in our minds, in our affections" after the first screening. The film continued to receive critical acclaim, especially from notable film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times who praised the detail in the portrait of Johnny Marco, writing, "Coppola is a fascinating director. She sees, and we see exactly what she sees. There is little attempt here to observe a plot. All the attention is on the handful of characters, on Johnny."

 The Bling Ring (2013)

Coppola's next film, The Bling Ring (2013), was based on actual events centered around the Bling Ring, a group of California teenagers who burgled the homes of several celebrities over 2008 and 2009, stealing around $3 million in cash and belongings. Emma Watson, Taissa Farmiga, Leslie Mann, Israel Broussard, Katie Chang, and Claire Julien starred in the film, which opened the Un Certain Regard section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The Bling Ring premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was inspired by a Vanity Fair feature on the real-life criminals depicted in the film, whom Coppola described as "products of our growing reality TV culture". The film received generally positive reviews, with many praising its style and performances, while some felt that the film glamorized the crimes in the story and failed to make an assertive message about them through the narrative; "Coppola neither makes a case for her characters nor places them inside of some kind of moral or critical framework; they simply pass through the frame, listing off name brands and staring at their phones".

An announcement in mid-December 2013 stated that American Zoetrope had successfully attained the screen rights for the memoir Fairyland: A Memoir of My Father and that Coppola would adapt the book with Andrew Durham. Coppola would also produce the film with her brother Roman. In March 2014, it was reported that Coppola was in negotiations to direct a live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid from a script by Caroline Thompson. Coppola wanted to shoot her version underwater, and although she later admitted that such a prospect was unrealistic, test footage was shot. In June 2015, it was announced Coppola had dropped out of the film due to creative differences.

 A Very Murray Christmas (2015)

Coppola collaborated again with her Lost in Translation star Bill Murray on A Very Murray Christmas, which stars Murray and was co-written by herself, Murray and Mitch Glazer. The film, an homage to classic Christmas-themed variety shows, was released in December 2015 on Netflix.

 The Beguiled (2017)

Coppola directed The Beguiled (2017), a remake of the 1971 eponymous Southern Gothic film, starring Nicole Kidman, Elle Fanning, and Kirsten Dunst. The film premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, where Coppola became the second woman (and the first American woman) to win the Best Director award. The film is based on the 1966 book of the same name by author Thomas P. Cullinan about a wounded Union soldier in a Mississippi seminary during the American Civil War, and was made for under $10 million. The film exhibited elements of the thriller genre, another departure for Coppola.

Coppola cited her intrigue with the South as part of the story's appeal. Coppola has said that she "wanted the film to represent an exaggerated version of all the ways women were traditionally raised there just to be lovely and cater to men—the manners of that whole world, and how they change when the men go away". Coppola has cited Gone with the Wind as her inspiration for creating a film that was relatable despite its position within a different era. The film faced a wave of controversy and division, including accusations of 'whitewashing' the original story after she chose to both remove the supporting role of a black female slave from the film, as well as to choose Kirsten Dunst to portray a character who was biracial in the original novel. Coppola also faced criticism for minimizing the story of the people experiencing actual hardship in favor of depicting, albeit authentically, the lavish lifestyle of her protagonists, thus minimizing the importance of a weighty topic. Coppola responded to these allegations by citing the presence of young girls among her moviegoing audience. The Beguiled is not the only of Coppola's films to be accused of exposing the sociocultural affordances of her own childhood.

Coppola described her version of the film as a reinterpretation, rather than a remake, of Don Siegel's 1971 adaption of the same book. Coppola wanted to tell the story of the male soldier entering into a classically southern and female environment from the point of view of the women and represent what that was like for them. Coppola thought that the earlier version made the characters out to be crazy caricatures and did not allow the viewer to know them. While some critics claim that Coppola intended The Beguiled as a feminist work, Coppola explained that she is not in favor of that labeling. Though she has said she is happy if others see the film in this way, she sees it as a film, rather, that possesses a female perspective—an important distinction. The Beguiled was also made as a contrast to The Bling Ring, and Coppola has explained that
she needed to correct that film's harsh Los Angeles aesthetic with something more beautiful and poetic.

2020–present
 On the Rocks (2020)

Coppola's film, On the Rocks, tells the story of a daughter and father, played by Rashida Jones and Bill Murray respectively, as they explore New York together in an attempt to mend their fractured relationship. It was released in a limited theatrical release on October 2, 2020, by A24 and was released for digital streaming on October 23, 2020, by Apple TV+.

The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised Coppola's screenplay and direction, and noted it as lighter than her previous films. Some critics stated that the film "isn't destined to achieve the same kind of iconic status as some of Coppola's previous work".

 Priscilla (2023)

Coppola's next film, Priscilla (2023), her eighth as a director, is based on the life of Priscilla Presley. It stars Cailee Spaeny as Priscilla and Jacob Elordi as Elvis Presley. The film is distributed by A24 and premiered at the 80th Venice International Film Festival in September 2023 to positive reviews. Rolling Stone declared the film her best since Lost in Translation. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Coppola has always been a filmmaker who coaxes out feelings rather than blasts them with emphatic declarations, and the nuanced restraint of her writing and direction here are very much points in Priscilla's favor."

Other work

Television
In the mid-1990s, Coppola and her best friend Zoe Cassavetes helmed the short-lived Comedy Central series Hi Octane, which spotlit performers in underground music. The show was cancelled after four episodes.

In December 2008, Coppola's first commercial premiered during an episode of Gossip Girl. The advertisement she directed for the Christian Dior fragrance Miss Dior Chérie, shot in France with model Maryna Linchuk, was very well received and continues to be popular on YouTube.

In October 2014, Coppola launched a series of Christmas ads for the clothing chain Gap.

In May 2020, it was announced Coppola would write and direct an adaptation of The Custom of the Country by Edith Wharton for Apple TV+.

In 2022, Coppola guest-starred as herself, alongside her husband Thomas Mars and fellow director Jim Jarmusch, in an episode of the FX horror comedy series What We Do in the Shadows.

Modeling
At the beginning of the 1990s, Coppola was often featured in girl-oriented magazines like Seventeen and YM. In 1994, she co-founded the clothing line Milk Fed in Japan, with her friend Stephanie Hayman in cooperation with Sonic Youth's Kim Gordon. In 2001, the fashion designer Marc Jacobs chose the actress/director to be the "face" of his house's fragrance, Daisy. The campaign photographs of Coppola were shot by photographer Jürgen Teller. The July 2013 issue of Elle featured photographs shot by Coppola of Paris Hilton at Hilton's Beverly Hills mansion (Both model and house appear in The Bling Ring).

Stage direction

In 2017, before Coppola started pre-production on The Beguiled, she was asked by Italian state broadcaster Rai Com from All'Opera to direct their latest production of La Traviata. La traviata is a three act opera by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesca Maria Piave. This Coppola-directed production was filmed for broadcast in Germany and France by Arte/ZDF, using multiple state-of-the art 4k cameras and up to 100 microphones. Coppola said in an interview she "could not turn down the project" with designer and fashion icon Valentino Garavani designing the costumes for this 15 show run of La Traviata (2017). Discussing her modern take on this classic story Coppola says "I wanted to bring out the personal side of the French courtesan, the party girl used to the social scene. It's a very feminine world that I love".

This was the first stage production Coppola directed. Coppola discusses how Valentino "really motivated me to take a chance and do something that was scary for me and very unfamiliar," and promised a "traditional" production that could nevertheless be appreciated by those who are not opera connoisseurs. Rome Opera House Director Carlo Fuortes said in an interview ticket sales had exceeded 1.2 million euros (1.35 million dollars), a record for the establishment.

All fifteen shows nearly sold out before opening night. It was the biggest box office success since the Teatro dell'Opera Di Roma opened in 1880.

Art
Coppola sits on the board for Gagosian Gallery.

Personal life
In 1992, Coppola met director Spike Jonze; they married in 1999 and divorced in 2003. In an official statement, Coppola's publicist explained that the divorce decision was reached "with sadness". It is widely believed that the main character's husband in Lost in Translation is based on Jonze, as Coppola stated after the film's release, "There are elements of Spike there, elements of experiences."

From 2003 to 2005 Coppola dated filmmaker Quentin Tarantino. They have remained friends since their separation.

Coppola married musician Thomas Mars on August 27, 2011, at Palazzo Margherita in Bernalda, Italy. They met while producing the soundtrack to The Virgin Suicides. They have two daughters: Romy (born November 28, 2006), whose name is an homage to Coppola's brother Roman, and Cosima (born May 2010).

Coppola and her family lived in Paris for several years before moving to New York City in 2010.

Coppola has maintained a low public profile for her family, aiming for her daughters' lives to be unaffected by her career and travel. When asked if her choices as a parent to keep her children out of the spotlight is a result of her own upbringing, Coppola has explained that she never wants her children to be jaded.

Filmography
Film

Television

Stage

Music videos
 "Shine" by Walt Mink (1993)
 "This Here Giraffe" by The Flaming Lips (1996)
 "Playground Love" by Air (2000)
 "City Girl" by Kevin Shields (2003)
 "I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself" by The White Stripes (2003)
 "Chloroform" by Phoenix (2013)

Advertisements
 Miss Dior Chérie fragrance for Christian Dior starring Maryna Linchuk (2008)
 City of Light fragrance for Christian Dior starring Natalie Portman (2012)
 Marni collection for H&M starring Imogen Poots (2012)
 La vie en rose for Christian Dior fragrance Miss Dior starring Natalie Portman (2013)
 Daisy fragrance for Marc Jacobs starring Ondria Hardin, Malaika Firth, Antonia Wesseloh, and Sophia Ahrens (2013)
 Dress Normal for Gap (2014)
 Calvin Klein Underwear Women's Spring (2017)
 Suntory Time 100th anniversary tribute for Suntory whiskey featuring Keanu Reeves (2023)

Acting roles

Film

Television

Music videos
 "Mildred Pierce" by Sonic Youth (1990) – directed by Dave Markey
 "Deeper and Deeper" by Madonna (1992) – directed by Bobby Woods
 "Sometimes Salvation" by The Black Crowes (1992) – directed by Stéphane Sednaoui
 "Elektrobank" by The Chemical Brothers (1997) – directed by Spike Jonze
 "Funky Squaredance" by Phoenix (2002) – directed by Roman Coppola

Awards and nominations

Coppola was nominated for three Academy Awards for her film Lost in Translation (2003), in the categories of Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay. She would go on to win for Best Original Screenplay, but lost the other two nominations to Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Coppola's nomination for Best Director made her the first American woman to be nominated in that category, and the third woman overall, after Lina Wertmüller and Jane Campion. In 2010, Kathryn Bigelow became the fourth woman to be nominated, and the first to win the award. Coppola, however, remains the youngest woman to be nominated in the category. Her win for Best Original Screenplay (along with her cousin Nicolas Cage's 1996 win for Best Actor) resulted in her family becoming the second three-generation Oscar-winning family, with her grandfather Carmine Coppola and her father Francis Ford Coppola having previously won Oscars as well. The first family to achieve this feat was the Huston family, for wins by Walter, John, and Anjelica. For her work on Lost in Translation, Coppola also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture and Best Screenplay, in addition to receiving three Independent Spirit Awards and three BAFTA Award nominations.

On September 11, 2010, Coppola's film Somewhere won the Golden Lion, the top prize at the Venice International Film Festival. Coppola became the first American woman and the fourth American filmmaker to win the award.

In 2016, Coppola's musical comedy special A Very Murray Christmas earned her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.

On May 28, 2017, Coppola was awarded the Best Director Award at the Cannes Film Festival for her film The Beguiled, making her the second woman and the first American woman to win the award.

See also
 Coppola family tree
 List of Academy Award-winning families

Notes

References

Further reading

 "Off with Hollywood's Head: Sofia Coppola as Feminine Auteur". Film Criticism, 2010.

External links

 Milk fed. - Coppola's Japanese fashion label
 Sofia Mini - Coppola's Canned Wine

|-

1971 births
Living people
Sofia Carmina
Spiegel family
American child actresses
American expatriate actresses in France
American film actresses
American people of Italian descent
People of Campanian descent
People of Lucanian descent
American music video directors
Screenwriters from California
American women film directors
American women screenwriters
Best Screenplay Golden Globe winners
Best Original Screenplay Academy Award winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director winners
California Institute of the Arts alumni
César Award winners
Directors of Golden Lion winners
Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni
Female music video directors
Film directors from Los Angeles
Golden Globe Award-winning producers
Independent Spirit Award for Best Director winners
Mills College alumni
People from Rutherford, California
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers Guild of America Award winners
Film directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York (state)
People from Greenwich Village
Postmodernist filmmakers

Sofia Coppola


The Westside Neighborhood Historic District is a residential historic district, located along West Maple, and West Ash Street between South McRoberts Street and the railroad grade east of Sycamore Creek in Mason, Michigan. It also includes The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

History
The Westside Neighborhood Historic District is part of the Barnes and Price Addition, which was platted in 1866. Development began in the 1870s, with many of the hoses in the district being constructed in the late 1800s. Early residents were business and professional people, including two tinsmiths, an undertaker, a foundry owner, a carpenter, a physician, and a retired city attorney.

Description
The Westside Neighborhood Historic District is a roughly rectangular area that includes one block of West Maple and one block of West Ash, as well as the city park along both sides of Sycamore Creek. The district includes 47 structures, primarily single-family homes of frame construction, built in the late 19th century. The houses are sited on large lots along tree-lines streets, and are set back from the road. The homes are primarily Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles, but also include vernacular Greek Revival and Italianate structures.

The Mason City Park is a landscaped area that has been used since the early history of the city. The district also includes an 1888 stone arch railroad bridge constructed over Sycamore Creek, and a concrete arch bridge on Maple Street.

Significant structures include:
 Harlow A. Beech House (452 West Maple): This house is a two-story Queen Anne structure constructed in 1887 for Harlow A. Beech, the owner-operator of an iron foundry. It has a clipped-gable roof and clapboard and ship-lap siding with a projecting second story.
 Augustus A. Howard House (451 West Ash Street): This house is a two-story, vernacular structure constructed in 1878/9 for Augustus A. Howard, who owned a local grocery. Around the turn of the century, the house was purchased by Sidney and Anna Culver, who added a two-story rear wing.
 Joseph P. Smith House (414 West Maple): This house is a two-story multi -gabled Queen Anne constructed in 1889 for Joseph P. Smith, a tinsmith, and his wife Lillian. They lived in the house until 1922. It has substantial decoration and an elaborately decorated porch.
 James Fred and Lizzie Lewis House (427 West Maple): This house was constructed in 1890 for James and Lizzie Lewis. In 1891, it was purchased by John c. Fingerle, who was a partner in a hardware business. It is a modest two-story cross-gabled Queen Anne structure with fishscale shingling in the gable peaks.
 James A. Sherwood House (404 West Maple): This house was constructed in 1893 for contractor and lumber dealer James A. Sherwood. It is an L-shaped, two-story multi-gabled house with clapboard siding and fishscale shingles.
 George W. Bristol House (439 West Ash Street): This house was constructed in 1912 for George W. Bristol, a civic leader and son of a local pioneering family. It is a large, gable-to-side, two-and-one-half-story,  Colonial Revival structure with a large central gable dormer.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Ingham County, Michigan
Queen Anne architecture in Michigan
Colonial Revival architecture in Michigan

Westside Neighborhood Historic District


North Borneo (other names include British North Borneo and State of North Borneo) was an area   in the northern part of the island of Borneo. Between 1881 and 1946, it was a British protectorate. The North Borneo Chartered Company governed it. In 1946, it was renamed to British North Borneo, and became a crown colony. In 1963, it became independent, and joined what would later become the country of Malaysia. Today, the area makes up the Malaysian state of Sabah. North Borneo mainly produced timber for export, most of the workforce worked in agriculture.

History of Malaysia

North Borneo


George IX (; sometimes known as George VII) (1718–1778), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was King of Imereti in 1741. The third son of George VII of Imereti by his wife Tamar (daughter of Mamia III Gurieli), he was enthroned after his brother Alexander V was ousted in the Ottoman-sponsored coup. Later that year, he was rescinded and Alexander regained the crown. George went into exile to his father-in-law George Lipartiani in Mingrelia, but was allowed to return to Imereti during the reign of his nephew, Solomon I.

George IX was married to Mzekhatun, daughter of Prince Giorgi Lipartiani. They had two sons and three daughters:
 Princess Elene (1745–1810), who was married to Giorgi (died 1787), son of Rostom, Duke of Racha.
 Prince Rostom (fl. 1746)
 Princess Mzekhatun (1748–1810), who was married to Prince Papuna Tsereteli (died 1790).
 David II (1755–1795), King of Imereti (1784–1789).
 Princess Darejan (1757–1810), who was married to Prince Simon Abashidze (died c. 1790).

References

 Вахушти Багратиони (Vakhushti Bagrationi) (1745). История Царства Грузинского: Жизнь Имерети.
David Marshall Lang, The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658-1832. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

1718 births
1778 deaths
Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti
Kings of Imereti
18th-century people from Georgia (country)
Eastern Orthodox monarchs

George IX of Imereti


The Hanover Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Hanover, Massachusetts.  Established in 1721, the town center includes the town hall, library, and church, as well as its first cemetery and the c. 1700 Stetson House, one of its oldest buildings.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Description and history
The area that is now Hanover was settled around 1700, originally as part of Scituate.  Much of its land had been awarded to Cornet Robert Stetson in 1634, and it was his son Benjamin who probably built the house c. 1700 standing on the south side of the town center.  Enlarged about 1716, it was here that early meetings were held that led to the town's incorporation in 1727.  In that year, the town cemetery was laid out, and its first meeting house was built, where the present First Congregational Church (built 1863) stands.  Over the 19th and early 20th centuries, the center acquired the trappings of a modest New England town center, including its town hall and library.

The historic district includes seven properties located around the junction of Hanover Street (Massachusetts Route 139) with Main and Silver Streets, near the geographic center of the town.  On the south side of Hanover Street stand (from east to west), the Stetson House, now a museum of the local historical society, the Curtis Free Library (1907, Federal Revival), and the Italianate town hall (1863).  The First Congregational Church occupies a prominent location on what is now an island surrounded by the three roadways, and the cemetery is located to its north.  East of the church is the Colonial Revival Sylvester School, built in 1927 as the town's first public high school.  West of the church stands its parsonage house, built about 1855.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts

References

Historic districts in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
1727 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
Hanover, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts

Hanover Center Historic District


The erase–remove idiom is a common C++ technique to eliminate elements that fulfill a certain criterion from a C++ Standard Library container.

Motivation

A common programming task is to remove all elements that have a certain value or fulfill a certain criterion from a collection. In C++, this can be achieved using a hand-written loop. It is, however, preferable to use an algorithm from the C++ Standard Library for such tasks.

The member function erase can be used to delete an element from a collection, but for containers which are based on an array, such as vector, all elements after the deleted element have to be moved forward to avoid "gaps" in the collection. Calling erase multiple times on the same container generates much overhead from moving the elements.

The algorithm library provides the remove and remove_if algorithms for this. Because these algorithms operate on a range of elements denoted by two forward iterators, they have no knowledge of the underlying container or collection.

These algorithms do not remove elements from the container, but move all elements that do not fit the removal criteria to the front of the range, keeping the relative order of the elements. This is done in a single pass through the data range.

As no elements are actually removed and the container retains the same size, the tail of the array has a length equal to the number of "removed" items; these items remain in memory but in an unspecified state. remove returns an iterator pointing to the first of these tail elements so that they can be deleted using a single call to erase.

Doing the same using only erase results in as many passes as there are elements to remove. For each of these passes, all elements after the erased element have to be moved, which is more time-consuming than shifting elements in a single pass.

C++20
As of C++20, the free functions std::erase and std::erase_if are provided for STL containers. These convenience functions can be used to perform correct erasure of elements without requiring the programmer to explicitly use the erase-remove idiom.

Limitation
The erase–remove idiom cannot be used for containers that return const_iterator (e.g.: set)

std::remove and/or std::remove_if do not maintain elements that are removed (unlike std::partition, std::stable_partition). Thus, erase–remove can only be used with containers holding elements with full value semantics without incurring resource leaks.

Example
Compiler Explorer

// Use g++ -std=c++11 or clang++ -std=c++11 to compile.

#include <algorithm>  // remove and remove_if
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void Print(const std::vector<int>& vec) {
  for (auto val : vec) {
    std::cout << val << ' ';
  }
  std::cout << '\n';
}

int main() {
  std::vector<int> v = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
  Print(v);

  // Removes all elements with the value 5.
  v.erase(std::remove(v.begin(), v.end(), 5), v.end());
  Print(v);

  // Removes all odd numbers.
  v.erase(std::remove_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [](int val) { return val & 1; }),
          v.end());
  Print(v);
}

/*
Output:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
0 2 4 6 8
*/

References

C++
Articles with example C++ code
C++ software

Erase–remove idiom


Jacques Maurepas (died 1802) was the commander of the town of Port-de-Paix in the northeast of St. Domingue which is now Haiti at the time when Napoleon sent a large army led by his brother-in-law general Charles Leclerc to overthrow Toussaint Louverture.

Before the arrival of Leclerc, Louverture had ordered Maurepas to make the most vigorous resistance to all vessels which should appear before Port-de-Paix, and, in case he was not strong enough (having only half of a brigade), burn the city to the ground and afterward withdraw to the mountain, take with him ammunition of all kinds; there to defend himself to the death. On February 12, 1802, suspecting the French expedition was about to land in the city, Maurepas burned the city down and retreated to a nearby mountain named Les Trois Pavillons. When French General Humbert arrived, he saw the city in flames. On February 13, Humbert marched against Maurepas, but was completely defeated. When Charles Leclerc heard this terrible news, he sent by sea General Debelle against Maurepas, who defeated Debelle's army. However, Maurepas, instead of continuing to fight, surrendered to the French.

General Leclerc integrated him in the French army as he had promised and placed him under the authority of a general named Brunett who was in command of Port-de-Paix. After being suspected of taking part in a revolt led by Colonel François Capois (Capois-la-Mort), he, his family, and some of the soldiers were arrested by Brunett and brought to Cap-Français (now Cap-Haïtien). On November 17, Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau arrived at Cap-Français, and, by his order, Maurepas with some of his troops of the 9th Brigade and his family were tortured and cast into the sea.

See also
François Capois (capois-la-mort)

References

Jacques Nicolas Léger
Published 1907
The Neale Pub. Co.
744 pages

Haitian rebel slaves
People of the Haitian Revolution

Jacques Maurepas


Jongmyo Shrine is a religious building in Seoul, South Korea.  It is a Confucian royal shrine from the Joseon Dynasty.  It was built in the late 1300s, destroyed during a Japanese invasion in the 1500s, and rebuilt in the 1600s.  People still use it in modern times.

The Jongmyo Shrine holds spirit tablets, each dedicated to a specific king or queen from the Joseon Dynasty.  The Confucian way of life includes ancestor worship.  During the Joseon Dynasty, the king of Korea would go to Jongmyo to pray to earlier kings and queens.  There were also larger rites, with more people.  Some of them involved singing and dancing.  Some of these rites are still performed in modern times.

The layout of the shrine was planned very carefully to complement and work with the hills and other natural structures around it.

Jongmyo has a main shrine, called Jeongjeon.  It has a smaller shrine called Yeongnyeongjeon, or "the Hall of Eternal Peace" in English.  It also has a place specifically for the king, a storage building for ritual items, and a waiting area.  There is also a specific shrine to King Kongmin from the earlier Koryo Dynasty.  That shrine was built by the Joseon-era King Taejo.

The Jongmyo-Daejae, or "Royal Shrine Ritual" in English, was the most important rite performed at the shrine.  During the Joseon Dynasty, it was performed five times each year.  During the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910-1945), it was not performed because the Japanese did not allow it.  Since 1969, the Royal Family Association has performed the Jongmyo-Daejae once each year.  The Jongmyo-Daejae itself and the music used in the Jongmyo-Daejae were both declared Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2001.

Jongmyo was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.

References

Buildings and structures in Seoul
World Heritage Sites in South Korea

Jongmyo


Hellyer County Park is one of 28 Santa Clara County Parks. The park is located just off of Highway 101 in San Jose, California, United States.  The  park is home to Hellyer Park Velodrome and Cottonwood Lake.  Other recreational opportunities at the park include picnicking, hiking, fishing, biking, and a playground.  Coyote Creek Parkway is a multi-use trail that is paved for  south to Anderson Lake County Park.  Coyote Creek Parkway is a jurisdiction of the Santa Clara County Parks.  Coyote Creek Trail continues to the north along Coyote Creek under the jurisdiction of San Jose city parks.

References

Parks in San Jose, California
Regional parks in California

Hellyer County Park


For the town in Germany, see Habichtswald, Hesse.

The Habichtswald is a small mountain range, covering some 35 km2 and rising to a height of 615 m, immediately west of the city of Kassel in northern Hesse in Germany.

The bulk of the range is a nature reserve.  The remainder lies within the city limits of Kassel and is partly settled.  The castle and park of Wilhelmshöhe are located within the Habichtswald.

Mountain ranges of Hesse
!Habichtswald

Habichtswald