Luca Signorelli ( – 16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

In his early 40s he returned to live in Cortona, after working in Florence, Siena and Rome (1478–84, painting a now lost section of the Sistine Chapel).  With an established reputation, he remained based in Cortona for the rest of his life, but often travelled to the cities of the region to fulfill commissions.  He was probably trained by Piero della Francesca in Florence, as his cousin Giorgio Vasari wrote, and his Quattrocento style became rather out of date in the new century.

Cortona will host a major exhibition in 2023 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of his death.

Biography

He was born Luca d'Egidio di Ventura in Cortona, Tuscany (some sources call him Luca da Cortona). The precise date of his birth is uncertain, but birth dates between 1441 and 1445 have been proposed. He died in 1523 in his native Cortona, where he is buried.

His first impressions of art seem to originate in Perugia – including the styles of artists such as Benedetto Bonfigli, Fiorenzo di Lorenzo and Pinturicchio. Lazzaro Vasari, the great-grandfather of art historian Giorgio Vasari, was Luca's maternal uncle. According to Giorgio Vasari, Lazzaro had Luca apprenticed to Piero della Francesca. In 1472 the young artist was painting at Arezzo, and in 1474 at Città di Castello. He presented to Lorenzo de' Medici a work which is likely School of Pan. Janet Ross and her husband Henry discovered the painting in Florence  and subsequently sold it to the Kaiser Frederick Museum in Berlin, though it was destroyed there a few days after the end of World War II. The painting's subject is almost the same as that which he also painted on the wall of the Petrucci palace in Siena – the principal figures being Pan himself, Olympus, Echo, a man reclining on the ground, and two listening shepherds.

Signorelli worked in central Italy, leading a very requested workshop, increasing his importance during the 1490s. He often returned to his native Cortona, and worked in nearby Umbria, especially in Città di Castello, where he left one of his masterpieces: the Martyrdome of St Sebastian (still in the umbrian town). This painting was very influential for the young Raphael, who worked in the same town and sketched some drawings of the "Martyrdom".

In 1498, Signorelli moved to the Monastery of Monte Oliveto Maggiore south of Siena, where he painted eight frescoes, forming part of a vast series depicting the life of St. Benedict; they are at present much injured. In the palace of Pandolfo Petrucci he worked on various classic or mythological subjects, including the aforementioned School of Pan. Signorelli remained healthy until his death, continuing to paint and accept commissions into his final year, including the altarpiece of the Church at Foiano.

Work in Orvieto

From the Monastery of Monte Oliveto Maggiore near Siena, Signorelli went to Orvieto and produced his masterpiece, the frescoes in the chapel of S. Brizio (then called the Cappella Nuova), in the cathedral.

The Cappella Nuova already contained two groups of images in the vaulting over the altar, the Judging Christ and the Prophets, murals initially begun by Fra Angelico fifty years prior. The works of Signorelli in the vaults and on the upper walls represent the events surrounding the Apocalypse and the Last Judgment. The events of the Apocalypse fill the space which surrounds the entrance into the large chapel.

The Apocalyptic events begin with the Preaching of Antichrist, and proceed to the Doomsday and The Resurrection of the Flesh. They occupy three vast lunettes, each of them a single continuous narrative composition. In one of them, the Antichrist, after his portents and impious glories, falls headlong from the sky, crashing down into an innumerable crowd of men and women.

The events of the Last Judgment fill the facing vault and the walls around the altar. The series is composed of Paradise, the Elect and the Condemned, Hell, the Resurrection of the Dead, and the Destruction of the Reprobate.

To Angelico's ceiling, which contained the Judging Christ and the Prophets led by John the Baptist, Signorelli added the Madonna leading the Apostles, the Patriarchs, Doctors of the Church, Martyrs, and Virgins. The unifying factor of the paintings is found in the scripture readings in the Roman liturgies for the Feast of All Saints and Advent.

Stylistically, the daring and terrible inventions, with their powerful treatment of the nude and arduous foreshortenings, were striking in their day. Michelangelo is claimed to have borrowed, in his own fresco at the Sistine Chapel wall, some of Signorelli's figures or combinations. The lower walls, in an unprecedented style, are richly decorated with a great deal of subsidiary work connected with Dante, specifically the first eleven books of his Purgatorio, and with the poets and legends of antiquity. A Pietà composition in a niche in the lower wall contains explicit references to two important Orvietan martyr saints, San Pietro Parenzo and San Faustino.

The contract for Signorelli's work is still on record in the archives of the Cathedral of Orvieto. He undertook the task of completing the ceiling on April 5, 1499 for 200 ducats, as well as 600 ducats for the walls, along with lodging, and a monthly payment of two measures of wine and two quarters of corn. The contract directed Signorelli to consult the Masters of the Sacred Page for theological matters. This is the first such recorded instance of an artist receiving theological advice, although art historians believe such discussions were routine. Signorelli's first stay in Orvieto lasted no more than two years. In 1502 he returned to Cortona, later returning to Orvieto to continue the lower walls. He painted a dead Christ, with Mary Magdalene, the Virgin Mary, and the local martyr Saints Pietro Parenzo and Faustino. The figure of the dead Christ, according to Vasari, is the image of Signorelli's son Antonio, who died from the plague during the course of the execution of the paintings.

Work in Siena, Cortona, Rome, and Arezzo

After finishing the frescoes at Orvieto, Signorelli was often in Siena. In 1507 he executed a great altarpiece for S. Medardo at Arcevia in the Marche, the Madonna and Child, with the Massacre of the Innocents and other episodes.

In 1508 Pope Julius II summoned artists to Rome, including Signorelli, Perugino, Pinturicchio and Il Sodoma to paint the large rooms in the Vatican Palace. They began work, but soon the Pope dismissed all to make way for Raphael. Their work was taken down, except for the ceiling in the Stanza della Segnatura. Luca returned to Siena, but mostly lived in his hometown of Cortona. He was constantly at work, but the products of his closing years were not of the quality of his works from 1490 to 1505.

In 1520 Signorelli went with one of his pictures to Arezzo. He was partially paralyzed when he began a fresco of the Baptism of Christ in the chapel of Cardinal Passerini's palace near Cortona, which is the last picture attributed to him (alternatively, a Coronation of the Virgin at Foiano della Chiana). Signorelli stood in great repute as a citizen, entering the magistracy of Cortona as early as 1488 and holding a leading position by 1523, the year of his death.

Signorelli paid great attention to anatomy. It is said that he carried on his studies in burial grounds, and his mastery of the human form implies a familiarity resulting from dissections. He surpassed contemporaries in showing the structure and mechanism of the nude in immediate action, even going beyond nature in experiments of this kind, trying hypothetical attitudes and combinations. His drawings in the Louvre demonstrate this and bear a close analogy to the method of Michelangelo. He aimed at powerful truth rather than nobility of form; comparatively neglecting color, and his chiaroscuro exhibits sharp oppositions of lights and shadows. He had a vast influence over the painters of his own and of succeeding times, but had no pupils or assistants of high repute; one being a nephew named Francesco.

Vasari, who claimed Signorelli as a relative, described him as kindly, and a family man, and said that he always lived more like a nobleman than a painter. Vasari included Signorelli's portrait, one of seven, in his study in Arezzo, along with Michelangelo and himself. The Torrigiani Gallery in Florence contains a grand life-sized portrait by Signorelli of a man in a red cap and vest, and corresponds with Vasari's observation. In the National Gallery, London, are the Circumcision of Christ and three other works. Legend holds that Signorelli depicted himself in the left foreground of his Orvietan mural The Preaching of the Antichrist. Fra Angelico, his predecessor in the Orvieto cycle, is thought to stand behind him in the piece. However, the figure thought to be Fra Angelico is not dressed as a Dominican friar, and Signorelli's supposed portrait does not match that in Vasari's study.

Major works

 The Scourging of Christ (c. 1480) – Tempera on roundheaded panel, 84 × 57 cm, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
 Testament and Death of Moses (1481–1482) – Fresco, 350 × 572 cm, Sistine Chapel, Vatican
 Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece (1484) – Panel, 221 × 189 cm, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Perugia
 Madonna and Child (1484) – Panel, 170 × 117.5 cm, Uffizi, Florence
 The Circumcision (c. 1490–91) – Oil on panel transferred to canvas, 259 × 180 cm, National Gallery, London
Madonna and Child with St. Joseph and Another Saint (1490–1492) – Panel, diameter: 99 cm, Galleria Palatina, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Portrait of a Man (c. 1492) – Tempera on panel, 50 × 32, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
The Adoration of the Shepherds (1496) – Painted for the church of San Francesco, Città di Castello
 Martyrdom of St Sebastian(1498) – Pinacoteca Comunale, Città di Castello
The Damned Cast into Hell (c. 1499) – San Brizio Chapel, Orvieto Cathedral, Orvieto, Italy
Allegory of Fertility and Abundance (c. 1500) – Tempera on panel, Uffizi, Florence
Lamentation over the Dead Christ (1502) – Wood, 270 × 240 cm, Museo Diocesano, Cortona
 :File:Vitellozzo Vitelli.jpg Portrait of Vitellozzo Vitelli (1500–1503) – Panel, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Orvieto
 Mary Magdalene (1504) – Panel, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Orvieto
 Calvary (1505)
 The Coronation of the Virgin (1508) – painted for the Filippini Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Arcevia
 The Trinity, the Virgin and Two Saints (1510) – Tempera on wood, 272 × 180 cm, Uffizi, Florence
 Communion of the Apostles (1512) – Panel, 232 × 220 cm, Museo Diocesano, Cortona
 Saint Catherine of Alexandria (c. 1512) – Tempera on panel, Museo Horne, Florence
 Madonna with Child and Saints (1515) – Painted for church of San Francesco, Montone, now in the National Gallery, London
 Madonna and Child with Saints (c. 1519–1523) – Tempera on panel, Museo di arte medievale e moderna, Arezzo
 Immaculate Conception (c. 1523) – Panel, 217 × 210 cm, Museo Diocesano, Cortona
 Madonna and Child with Saints (mid or late 1510s) – Panel, Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome

 See also
 Signorelli parapraxis

Notes

 References

 Cruttwell, Maud, Signorelli. George Bell & Sons in London, 1899 (online)

 Henry, Tom, The Life and Art of Luca Signorelli. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012 (Review)

Further reading
 James, Sara Nair, Signorelli and Fra Angelico at Orvieto: Liturgy, Poetry, and a Vision of the Endtime. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing,2003.
 James, Sara Nair, "Penance and Redemption: The Role of the Roman Liturgy in Luca Signorelli's Frescoes at Orvieto" in Artibus et Historiae vol XXII, no. 44 Fall, 2001.
 James, Sara Nair. "Vasari on Signorelli: The Origins of 'The Grand Manner of Painting,'" in Reading Vasari, edited by Anne B. Barriault, Andrew Ladis, Norman E. Land, and Jeryldene M. Wood. London and Athens, GA: Philip Wilson Publishers and the Georgia Museum of Art, 2005.
 James, Sara Nair, "Apocalypse in the Visual Arts" for the Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception, published by Verlag Walter de Gruyter in Berlin (Germany), Volume A, 2009.
 Riess, Jonathan B. The Renaissance Antichrist: Luca Signorelli's Orvieto Frescoes'', Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
 Mauro Zanchi, Signorelli, Giunti, Firenze 2016.

External links

 Art UK
 Luca Signorelli by Maud Cruttwell
 Cortona the Town where Luca Signorelli was born
Luca Signorelli at the National Gallery of Art

1440s births
1523 deaths
People from Cortona
Italian Renaissance painters
Italian draughtsmen
Painters from Tuscany
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
16th-century Italian painters
Catholic painters

Luca Signorelli


Cast of Criminals is the 97th novel in the Hardy Boys Mystery Stories and was written by Franklin W. Dixon.  It was published in 1989 by Minstrel Books.

Plot
The locales are in and around Bayport, New York and New York City. Frank and Joe are called upon to assist the Bayport Players in a production revival of a famous play, Homecoming Nightmare. The lead actress is Frank's girlfriend Callie Shaw. But the production is seriously threatened when someone in the cast decides they want Callie's part; and will do anything to get it.

A tiara that Callie purchases for the play is missing. She has received threats and pleads with Frank and Joe to stop the culprit before opening night. The Boys take on the case, unaware that the troublemaker is amongst them.

The Hardy Boys books
1989 American novels
1989 children's books
Novels set in New York (state)
Islip (town), New York
Children's books set in New York (state)
Children's books set in New York City

Cast of Criminals


Athelred or Æthelred (–) was King of Wessex from 865 to 871. He succeeded his brother Ethelbert at the time of the invasion of England by the "Great Heathen Army". He was the first of the four sons of Athelwulf not to rule as "under-king" before he became king of Wessex.

Career

Athelred was the fourth son of King Athelwulf and his wife Osburga. She was the daughter of Oslac, Athelwulf's butler.{{efn|The office of chief butler in an Anglo-Saxon royal household is most likely his title here. He would be a nobleman who held the honorary office of butler.<ref>Laurence Marcellus L's Household in England Before the Norman Conquest, Thesis (Ph. D.), University of Wisconsin (1902), p. 127</ref>}} While his father was in Rome and France, 855-856, his oldest brother Athelstan had died. Prior to his death two years later Athelwulf left a will. in that will the two eldest sons, Ethelbald and Ethelbert should have the kingdom. When Ethelbald died in 860, Ethelbert became the king of Wessex. But their father's will had made no provision for Athelred and Alfred, the two youngest sons, to be kings. Possibly for that reason Ethelbert did not appoint his brother Athelred King of Kent. He consolidated everything into the single kingdom of Wessex. In 865 Vikings raided into Kent and the men of Kent agreed to pay them ransom. But the Vikings ravaged the eastern part of Kent despite the pending treaty.

 King of Wessex

Athelred had not expected to reign, but when his brother Ethelbert died in 866, Athelred became the king of Wessex. This was just after the arrival of the Great Heathen Army in East Anglia. For a time they were more interested in Northumbria. They gained control of York and moved south into Mercia then made their winter camp in Nottingham.

It was at this time his younger brother Alfred was given the title of Secundarius'' (Latin for secondary). This meant he was appointed as heir to the throne. In 868 Burgred, the King of Mercia, asked King Ethelred and Alfred for their help against the Danes (Vikings). When the Danes saw the combined English army against them they asked for peace. The Vikings withdrew to York where they managed a completely defeat. The next year, 871, the great Viking army grew much larger. They moved on Reading. Ethelred with his brother Alfred arrived with their army to meet the new threat. In the battle that followed, the Battle of Reading, both sides suffered many casualties. Athelred's army was defeated. Four days later the two armies met again at the Battle of Ashdown. This time the West Saxons won the victory and the Vikings retreated to Reading. Two weeks later Athelred and Alfred led the West Saxons against the Danes at Basing where the Danes won. Two months passed without any fighting between them. The next battle was at a place called Merantun. After a day long battle which the English were winning, the Danes were able to regain their lost ground. Just after mid-April in 871,
Athelred died. He was buried at Wimborne Minster. He was succeeded by his younger brother Alfred.

Family

His wife's name is not known (see note a below). He had two sons:

 Aethelheim
 Aethelwald (died 904)

Notes

References

Other websites
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex

845 births
871 deaths
Kings of Wessex

Athelred of Wessex


Cesare Maria De Vecchi, 1st Conte di Val Cismon (14 November 1884 – 23 June 1959) was an Italian soldier, colonial administrator and fascist politician.

Biography

De Vecchi was born in Casale Monferrato on 14 November 1884. After graduating in jurisprudence he became a successful lawyer in Turin. His stance on the First World War was interventionist, and he himself took part in the final events of the conflict, finishing the war with the rank of captain and various decorations for valour. On his return to Italy, he gave his support to the National Fascist Party, in which he would consistently represent the monarchical and 'moderate' wing. He became president of the Turin war veterans and head of the local Fascist squadre. In 1921, he was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies.

De Vecchi became Commandant-General of the Milizia (see Blackshirts), was one of the quadrumvirs who organised the March on Rome, and sought to persuade Antonio Salandra to enter into Benito Mussolini's government. He himself became undersecretary at the Treasury and then at the Finance Ministry. In December 1922, he inspired the squadre of Brandimarte to the 1922 Turin massacre (Strage di Torino) and he became known as the most important of the Piedmontese squadristi.

From 1923 to 1928, De Vecchi was governor of Italian Somaliland, a role which took him away from the centre of the Italian political scene. He was made Count of Val Cismon (in memory of the battles fought by his arditi on Monte Grappa in 1918). He was appointed a senator by King Victor Emmanuel III. He became the first ambassador to the Vatican after the Concordat of 1929. During the 1939s, he chaired the Piedmont committee for the history of Risorgimento, organized events and lectured to celebrate the period.

Between 1935 and 1936, he was national Minister of Education: as such he promoted historiography which identified the House of Savoy as the link between Imperial Rome and the Rome of Fascism, and also worked for the centralisation of the administration of the school system.

On 20 June 1935, he got approved the De Vecchi reform, a bill of law which abolished the distinction between high schools depending on the central government and secondary schools that could be financed by local comune and provinces. The control of the whole high school education was centralized on the government which decided scholastic curriculums and applied censorship upon scholastic textbooks before and after their publication.

Writing in his War Diaries, (entry for March 6, 1940) Count Galeazzi Ciano, then Italy's foreign minister wrote: "For the first time I found a person who wants to declare War with the Germans against France and England. This person is no less than the intrepid Cesare Maria de Vecchi di Val Cismon! The Americans say that a sucker is born every minute; one only has to look for him. This time I have found one. Cesare Maria is, above all, a man of pomposity and vain illusions, who dreams of obtaining a marshal's baton and decorations and hopes to gain them through the blood of others."

From 1939 to 1943, he was also president of the Italian Numismatic Institute.

From 1936 to 1941, De Vecchi acted as governor of the Italian Aegean Islands promoting the official use of the Italian language. In the following year he was appointed to the Grand Council of Fascism and on 25 July 1943, he voted in favour of Dino Grandi's order of the day which deposed Benito Mussolini of his role as Fascist Duce (leader). On 1 August 1943, he was promoted to Generale di Divisione and given command of the newly forming 215th Coastal Division in Florence. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, De Vecchi authorized German forces to enter the port of Piombino and forbade any act of resistance. Nevertheless, units of the Royal Italian Navy and Royal Italian Army supported by the local population prevented the Germans from landing at Piombino, killed about 100 and captured over 200 Wehrmacht soldiers. The following day De Vecchi ordered the freeing of the Germans and returning their weapons to them, after which he signed the surrender of his Division to the Germans. On 13 September, De Vecchi with a pass given to him by German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring left his positions and took refuge in Piedmont.

In early October 1943, De Vecchi went into hiding with the help of the order of the Salesians of Don Bosco, who hid him from Mussolini's Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or RSI), which condemned De Vecchi to death in absentia in the Verona trial in January 1944. The Salesians hid De Vecchi even after the war until 1947 when he escaped to Argentina on a Paraguayan passport.

After returning to Italy in 1949, De Vecchi supported the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano, or MSI) together with Rodolfo Graziani. However, he refused to accept any political or institutional office within the MSI.

Cesare Maria De Vecchi died in Rome in 1959.

Notes

References
 This article originated as a translation of its counterpart in the Italian Wikipedia as retrieved on 2007-03-18

1884 births
1959 deaths
Counts in Italy
Italian monarchists
Italian military personnel of World War I
People from Casale Monferrato
Members of the Grand Council of Fascism
Education ministers of Italy
Mussolini Cabinet
Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
Governors of Italian Somaliland
People of former Italian colonies
Dodecanese under Italian rule
Exiled Italian politicians
People sentenced to death in absentia at the Verona trial

Cesare Maria De Vecchi


Jeholopterus was a small anurognathid pterosaur from the Middle to Late Jurassic Daohugou Beds of the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, preserved with hair-like pycnofibres and skin remains.

Naming
The genus was named in 2002 by Wang Xiaolin, Zhou Zhonghe and Xu Xing. The type species, the only known, is Jeholopterus ninchengensis. The genus name is derived from its place of discovery, Jehol in China, and a Latinized Greek pteron, "wing". The specific name refers to Nincheng County.

Description

The type species is  based on holotype IVPP V12705, a nearly complete specimen from the Daohugou beds of Ningcheng County in the Neimongol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region of China. The specimen is crushed into a slab and counterslab pair, so that parts of the specimen are preserved on one side of a split stone and some on the other. This includes exquisite preservation of carbonized skin fibers and pycnofibres. The fibers are preserved around the body of the specimen in a "halo." Wing tissue is preserved, though its extent is debatable, including the exact points of attachment to the legs (or if it is attached to the legs at all). In 2009 Alexander Kellner published a study reporting the presence of three layers of fibers in the wing, allowing the animal to precisely adapt the wing profile.

As an anurognathid, Jeholopterus shows the skull form typical for this group, being wider than it was long, at , with a very broad mouth. Most teeth are small and peg-like, but some are longer and recurved. The neck was short with seven or eight cervical vertebrae. Twelve or thirteen dorsal vertebrae are present and three sacrals. There are five pairs of belly ribs. The tail vertebrae have not been preserved. The describers argue that Jeholopterus had a short tail, a feature seen in other anurognathids but unusual for "rhamphorhynchoid" (i.e. basal) pterosaurs that typically have a long tail. Wang et al. cited the presence of a fringe of pycnofibres in the region of the tail to infer the presence of a short tail. However, a subsequent study by Dalla Vecchia argued that gleaning any information about the tail is impossible, given that the tail is "totally absent" in the fossil.

The wing bones are robust. The metacarpals are very short. A short pteroid, supporting a propatagium, is pointing towards the body. The hand claws are long and curved. The wings of Jeholopterus show evidence that they attached to the ankle, according to Wang et al.. They are relatively elongated with a wingspan of ninety centimetres.

The legs are short but robust. The toes bear well-developed curved claws, but these are not as long as the hand claws. The fifth toe is elongated, according to the authors supporting a membrane between the legs, the uropatagium.

Phylogeny
Jeholopterus was by the authors assigned to the Anurognathidae. An analysis by Lü Junchang in 2006 resolved its position as being the sister taxon of Batrachognathus. Kellner and colleagues in 2009 proposed Batrachognathinae for the clade comprising these two genera and Dendrorhynchoides. In 2021, a phylogenetic analysis conducted by Xuefang Wei and colleagues recovered Jeholopterus within the subfamily Anurognathinae, which is unlike the former study by Kellner and colleagues where it was recovered as closely related to Batrachognathus. Jeholopterus was found to have been the sister taxon to an unnamed clade formed by both Anurognathus and Vesperopterylus in Wei and colleagues' study. Below is a cladogram representing their phylogenetic analysis:

Lifestyle
Anurognathids are normally considered insectivores. Wang et al hypothesized that Jeholopterus, being the largest species known of the group, might also have been a piscivore, a fish-eater.

See also

 List of pterosaur genera
 Timeline of pterosaur research

References

Monofenestratans
Middle Jurassic pterosaurs of Asia
Late Jurassic pterosaurs of Asia
Taxa named by Zhou Zhonghe
Fossil taxa described in 2002
Taxa named by Xu Xing
Paleontology in Inner Mongolia

Jeholopterus


Pinnipeds  are the seals and their relatives, a group of semi-aquatic marine mammals. The Pinnipedia is in the Order Carnivora.
There are three seal families: Odobenidae (walruses), Otariidae (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and Phocidae (true seals).

Seals are sleek-bodied and barrel-shaped. Their bodies are well adapted to the aquatic habitat where they spend most of their lives. Pinnipeds have flippers for hands, big bulky bodies, doggish faces, and big eyes. Unlike cetaceans, pinnipeds have their noses on their faces, and each nostril of the nose closes when the pinniped goes underwater. Like cetaceans, pinnipeds have a thick layer of blubber (fat) just under their skin: this blubber keeps them warm in cold waters and keeps them fed during times when food is not easily found. When they cannot find food, they live off the fat in the blubber.

Pinnipeds are carnivorous. This means they eat only meat (such as fish or squid) and not plants. However, almost all pinnipeds can be eaten by polar bears, sharks and killer whales.

Seals are often trained in zoos or aquariums to put on shows. However, in Sweden, it is illegal to train a seal to balance a ball on its nose.

Sleep
Pinnipeds sleep in the water. They may also sleep on land. In both environments, there is a danger. At least in the northern hemisphere, there is danger from polar bears on land, and in the water, there is danger from sharks. While sleeping in water, the animals go through different stages of sleep. They do some behaviors during sleep: they come to the surface occasionally to breathe, and they now and then open an eye for a period of time. The details vary in different species or groups. Similar adaptations are found in cetaceans like dolphins.

Taxonomy
 Family Phocidae (Earless seals or true seals)
 Subfamily Monachinae
 Tribe Monachini
 Genus Monachus
 Tribe Mirungaini
 Genus Mirounga: Elephant seals
 Tribe Lobodontini
 Genus Ommatophoca
 Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii)
 Genus Lobodon
 Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus)
 Genus Hydrurga
 Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
 Genus Leptonychotes
 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
 Subfamily Phocinae
 (placed here)
 Genus Cystophora
 Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)
 Genus Erignathus
 Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)
 Tribe Phocini
 Genus Histriophoca
Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata)
 Genus Phoca
 Spotted seal (Phoca largha)
 Common seal or Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)
 Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica, formerly Pagophilus groenlandicus)
 Genus Pusa
 Ringed seal (Pusa hispida, formerly Phoca hispida)
 Caspian seal (Pusa caspica, formerly Phoca caspica)
 Baikal seal or Nerpa (Pusa sibirica, formerly Phoca sibirica)
 Genus Halichoerus
 Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

 Family Otariidae (Eared seals)
 Genus Arctocephalus (Fur seals)
 Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella)
 Brown fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus)
 Genus Callorhinus
 Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)
 Genus Eumetopias
 Steller sea lion or Northern Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus)
 Genus Neophoca
 Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)
 Genus Otaria
 South American sea lion or Southern Sea Lion (Otaria flavescens, formerly Otaria byronia)
 Genus Phocarctos
 New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri)
 Genus Zalophus
 California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

 Family Odobenidae (Walruses)
 Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

References

 *

Pinniped


Automobili is an album by Italian singer-songwriter Lucio Dalla, released in 1976 by RCA Italiana. It was the last work in collaboration with poet Roberto Roversi: the following LP, Com'è profondo il mare, was entirely (not only the music) written by Dalla.

The album originated from a theatrical show devised by Dalla and Roversi in 1976, entitled Il futuro dell'automobile e altre storie ("The Future of Cars and Other Stories"). However, polemics between Roversi and Italian state television RAI, as well as with  Dalla himself, led to the poet's decision to sign the album with a pseudonym ("Norisso"), and to abandon the collaboration with the Bolognese musician. Some of the songs from the show were not recorded and remained unpublished, with the exception of "Ho cambiato la faccia di un Dio", which appeared in Dalla's 1990 album Cambio, with the title "Comunista".

The album was the most successful of the three written together by Dalla and Roversi, in particular for the song "Nuvolari", about 1930s race driver Tazio Nuvolari. All the songs deal in general with cars, starting from the first track, "Intervista con l'Avvocato", in which Dalla scat sings meaningless replies by FIAT owner, Gianni Agnelli, to a journalist from Manchester Guardian; this is followed by "Mille Miglia", dedicated to the eponymous race car, and by "Il motore del 2000".

Track listing
"Intervista con l'avvocato" - 2:18
"Mille miglia (prima e seconda parte)" - 8:38
"Nuvolari" - 5:27
"L'ingorgo" - 6:00
"Il motore del 2000" - 4:25
"Due ragazzi" - 4:58

Sources

1976 albums
Lucio Dalla albums
Italian-language albums
Works about cars

Automobili


Babiker Awadalla (2 March 1917 – 17 January 2019) was a Sudanese Arab nationalist politician. He was born in Gitena, White Nile State.

He held the position of Speaker of the Parliament from 1954 to 1957, and became Chief Judge in 1964. In 1966, he resigned from the court in protest of the government's refusal to reinstate the Sudanese Communist Party, which the court had held to be unconstitutionally banned from parliament. After 1972, he moved to Egypt, and later Dublin, Ireland, where he lived until his death.  He turned 100 in March 2017.

Awadalla was the oldest living former head of state or government, a title he has held from the death of Đỗ Mười on 1 October 2018. Awadalla died on 17 January 2019 in Dublin, aged 101.

References

1917 births
2019 deaths
Prime Ministers of Sudan
Judges
Centenarians

Babiker Awadalla


San Carlos is a community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas. The population was 3,130 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission Metropolitan Statistical Area.

San Carlos is located northeast of McAllen.

Geography
San Carlos is located at  (26.297004, -98.069408).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

San Carlos is five miles east of Edinburg and US Route 281 on State Highway 107. It is also about 12 miles north of the border of Mexico.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,650 people, 633 households, and 576 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 693 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.81% White, 0.30% African American, 17.17% from other races, and 2.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 97.06% of the population.

There were 633 households, out of which 61.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.1% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9.0% were non-families. 8.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.19 and the average family size was 4.39.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40.6% under the age of 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 12.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $14,524, and the median income for a family was $15,673. Males had a median income of $13,668 versus $13,843 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $4,296. About 60.0% of families and 64.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 72.4% of those under age 18 and 56.8% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Educationally, the community is served by the Edinburg Consolidated Independent School District.

Zoned elementary campuses serving sections include San Carlos Elementary School and John F. Kennedy Elementary School (grades PK-5), Middle schools serving sections of San Carlos include Harwell and Memorial. All residents are zoned to Edinburg High School (9-12).

In addition, South Texas Independent School District operates magnet schools that serve the community.

All of Hidalgo County is in the service area of South Texas College.

References

External links
 San Carlos Elementary School

Census-designated places in Hidalgo County, Texas
Census-designated places in Texas

San Carlos, Texas


Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York.

He served as the 36th Governor of New York (1907–1910), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1910–1916), United States Secretary of State (1921–1925), a judge on the Court of International Justice (1928–1930), and the 11th Chief Justice of the United States (1930–1941). He was the Republican candidate in the 1916 U.S. Presidential election, losing narrowly to Woodrow Wilson.

Hughes was a professor in the 1890s, a supporter of Britain's New Liberalism, an important leader of the progressive movement of the 20th century, a leading diplomat and New York lawyer in the days of Harding and Coolidge, and was known for being a swing voter when dealing with cases related to the New Deal in the 1930s. Historian Clinton Rossiter has hailed him as a leading American conservative.

On August 27, 1948, Hughes died in what is now the Tiffany Cottage of the Wianno Club near Barnstable, Massachusetts. His remains are buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Bronx, New York.

More reading
Hall, Kermit L., ed. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1992. ; .
Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U., The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990). .
Perkins, Dexter, Charles Evans Hughes and American democratic statesmanship (Boston: Little, Brown, 1956).
Pusey, Merlo J., Charles Evans Hughes, 2 vol. (New York: Macmillan, 1951).. the standard scholarly biography
Shesol, Jeff. Supreme Power: Franklin Roosevelt vs. The Supreme Court (W.W. Norton, 2010)
Simon, James F., FDR and Chief Justice Hughes: The President, the Supreme Court, and the Epic Battle Over the New Deal (Simon & Schuster, Forthcoming, February 2012).

References

Other websites

Grave of Charles Evans Hughes at Find a Grave
The Hughes Court at  Supreme Court Historical Society.
 "Charles Evans Hughes, Presidential Contender"  from C-SPAN's The Contenders

1862 births
1948 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of New York (state)
United States Secretaries of State
Chief justices of the United States
Politicians from New York (state)
Republican Party (United States) politicians
People from Glens Falls, New York
Lawyers from New York (state)

Charles Evans Hughes


Arthur Honegger (; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. A member of Les Six, his best known work is probably Antigone, composed between 1924 and 1927 to the French libretto by Jean Cocteau based on the tragedy Antigone by Sophocles. It premiered on 28 December 1927 at the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie with sets designed by Pablo Picasso and costumes by Coco Chanel. However, his most frequently performed work is probably the orchestral work Pacific 231, which was inspired by the sound of a steam locomotive.

Biography

Born Oscar-Arthur Honegger (the first name was never used) to Swiss parents in Le Havre, France, he initially studied harmony with Robert-Charles Martin (to whom he dedicated his first published work) and violin in Le Havre. After studying for two years at the Zurich Conservatory, he enrolled in the Paris Conservatoire from 1911 to 1918, studying with both Charles-Marie Widor and Vincent d'Indy. He made his Paris compositional debut in 1916 and in 1918 wrote the ballet Le dit des jeux du monde, generally considered to be his first characteristic work.

In 1926, he married Andrée Vaurabourg, a pianist and fellow student at the Paris Conservatoire, on the condition that they live in separate apartments because he required solitude for composing. Andrée lived with her mother, and Honegger visited them for lunch every day. They lived apart for the duration of their marriage, with the exception of one year from 1935 to 1936 following Vaurabourg's injury in a car accident, and the last year of Honegger's life, when he was not well enough to live alone. They had one daughter, Pascale, born in 1932. Honegger also had a son, Jean-Claude (1926–2003), with the singer Claire Croiza.

In the early 1920s, Honegger shot to fame with his "dramatic psalm" Le Roi David (King David), which is still in the choral repertoire. Between World War I and World War II, Honegger was very prolific. He composed the music for Abel Gance's epic 1927 film, Napoléon, which was preceded by J'accuse (1919) and La Roue (The Wheel) (1923). He composed nine ballets and three vocal stage works, amongst other works. One of those stage works, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher (1935), a "dramatic oratorio" (to words by Paul Claudel), is thought of as one of his finest works. In addition to his pieces written alone, he collaborated with Jacques Ibert on both an opera, L'Aiglon (1937), and an operetta. During this time period, he also wrote Danse de la chèvre (1921), which has become a staple in the flute repertoire. Dedicated to René Le Roy and written for solo flute, this piece is lively and charming but with the same directness of all Honegger's work.

Honegger always remained in touch with Switzerland, his parents' country of origin, until the outbreak of the war and the invasion of the Nazis made it impossible for him to leave Paris. He joined the French Resistance and was generally unaffected by the Nazis themselves, who allowed him to continue his work without too much interference. He also taught composition at the École Normale de Musique de Paris, where his students included Yves Ramette. However, he was greatly depressed by the war. Between its outbreak and his death, he wrote his last four symphonies (numbers two to five), which are among the most powerful symphonic works of the 20th century. Of these, the second, for strings, featuring a solo trumpet that plays a chorale tune in the style of Bach in the final movement, and the third, subtitled Symphonie Liturgique with three movements that evoke the Requiem Mass (Dies irae, De profundis clamavi and Dona nobis pacem), is probably the best known. Written in 1946, just after the end of the war, it has parallels with Benjamin Britten's Sinfonia da Requiem of 1940. In contrast with this work is the lyrical, nostalgic Symphony No. 4, subtitled "Deliciae Basilienses" ("The Delights of Basel"), written as a tribute to days of relaxation spent in that Swiss city during the war.

Honegger was widely known as a train enthusiast and once notably said: "I have always loved locomotives passionately. For me they are living creatures and I love them as others love women or horses." His "mouvement symphonique" Pacific 231 (a depiction of a steam locomotive) gained him early notoriety in 1923.

Many of Honegger's works were championed by his longtime friend Georges Tzipine, who conducted the premiere recordings of some of them (Cris du Monde oratorio, Nicolas de Flüe).

In 1953 he wrote his last composition, A Christmas Cantata. After a protracted illness, he died at home in Paris of a heart attack on 27 November 1955 and was interred in the Saint-Vincent Cemetery in the Montmartre Quarter. He was given a state funeral by the French government, although he remained a Swiss national and never took French citizenship.

The principal elements of Honegger's style are Bachian counterpoint, driving rhythms, melodic amplitude, highly coloristic harmonies, an impressionistic use of orchestral sonorities, and a concern for formal architecture. His style is weightier and more solemn than that of his colleagues in Les Six. Far from reacting against German romanticism as the other members of Les Six did, Honegger's mature works show evidence of a distinct influence by it. Despite the differences in their styles, he and fellow Les Six member Darius Milhaud were close friends, having studied together at the Paris Conservatoire. Milhaud dedicated his fourth string quintet to Honegger's memory, while Francis Poulenc similarly dedicated his Clarinet Sonata.

Legacy
Honegger was pictured on the Swiss twenty franc banknote (eighth series), issued October 1996 and replaced in 2017.

Honegger's symphonic movement Rugby was recorded with him conducting the Paris Symphony Orchestra in a 1929 electrical recording. Many of Honegger's recordings as conductor of his music have been reissued on CD by Pearl and Dutton.

The ice hockey player Doug Honegger is his grandnephew.

Notable compositions

Opus numbers originate from the complete catalogue by Harry Halbreich. For a longer list of compositions, see List of compositions by Arthur Honegger. For a list of select recordings, see Arthur Honegger discography.

 Orchestral music :
Symphonies :
1930 : H 75 First Symphony
1941 : H 153 Second Symphony for strings and trumpet in D
1946 : H 186 Third Symphony (Symphonie Liturgique)
1946 : H 191 Fourth Symphony in A (Deliciae basilienses)
1950 : H 202 Fifth Symphony in D (Di tre re)
Symphonic movements :
1923 : H 53 Pacific 231 (Symphonic Movement No. 1)
1928 : H 67 Rugby (Symphonic Movement No. 2)
1933 : H 83 Symphonic Movement No. 3
Concerti :
1924 : H 55 Concertino for piano and orchestra in E major
1929 : H 72 Concerto for cello and orchestra in C major
1948 : H 196 Concerto da camera, for flute, English horn and strings
Others :
1917 : H 16 Le chant de Nigamon
1920 : H 31 Pastorale d'été
1923 : H 47 Chant de joie (Song of Joy)
1951 : H 204 Monopartita

 Oratorios :
1921 : H 37 Le roi David (King David) libretto by René Morax, version for orchestra in 1923
1935 : H 99 Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher, libretto by Paul Claudel, version with prologue in 1941
1938 : H 131 La danse des morts, (The Dance of the Dead) libretto by Paul Claudel
1953 : H 212 Une cantate de Noël (A Christmas Cantata)

 Operas :
1903 : Philippa, not orchestrated, performed, or published
1904 : Sigismond, lost
1907 : La Esmeralda, after Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, unfinished and unpublished
1918 : La mort de sainte Alméenne, libretto by M. Jacob, unpublished and only Interlude orchestrated
1925 : Judith, libretto by René Morax, premiered at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo on 13 February 1925
1927 : H 65 Antigone, libretto by Jean Cocteau based on Sophocles, premiered at La Monnaie on 28 December 1927

 Operettas :
1925 :  H 108 L'Aiglon, co-written with Jacques Ibert; libretto for acts 2–4 by H. Cain, after E. Rostand, libretto for acts 1 and 5 by Ibert, Opéra de Monte-Carlo, 10 March 1937
1930 : Les aventures du roi Pausole, libretto by A. Willemetz, after P. Louÿs, premiered 12 December 1930, Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens
1931 : La belle de Moudon, libretto by René Morax, Mézières, Jorat, Switzerland, 30 May 1931, unpublished
1937 : Les petites cardinal, libretto by Willemetz and P. Brach, after L. Halévy, Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, 13 February 1938

 Ballets :
1918 : H 19 Le dit des jeux du monde
1921 : H 38 Horace victorieux, symphonie mimée

 Chamber music :
1917 : H 15 String Quartet No. 1 in C minor
1929 : H 28 Sonata for Viola and Piano
1935 : H 103 String Quartet No. 2 in D
1937 : H 114 String Quartet No. 3 in E
1945 : H 181 Paduana for cello solo
1947 : H 193 Intrada for C trumpet and piano
 Piano solo works 1910 : Three Pieces (Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio)
1916 : Toccata and Variation
1915–9 : Three Pieces (Prelude, Homage to Ravel, Danse)
1919–20 : Seven Short Pieces
1920 : Sarabande (for Album de Six)
1923–4 : Le Cahier Romand
1928–9 Hommage to Albert Roussel
1932 : Prelude, Arioso and Fughetta on the name BACH
1941 : Petits Airs sue une basse celebre
1943–4 : Two Sketches

References

Further reading
Honegger's biographer was Marcel Landowski, the French composer and arts administrator, who was greatly influenced by Honegger. His biography appeared in 1978 () although it has yet to be translated into English.
Harry Halbreich. Arthur Honegger, translated into English by Roger Nichols. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1992. Considers both Honegger's life and works. With the cooperation of Honegger's daughter Pascale; Halbreich has fully documented Honegger's life since childhood. All works are treated, more significant ones analyzed in detail.  (1999).
Geoffrey Spratt. The Music of Arthur Honegger. Cork University Press, 1987. Spratt also wrote the entry in Grove Music Online (2001).
Willy Tappet. Arthur Honegger. Zurich: Atlantis Verlag, 1954.

External links

 Site Arthur Honegger – The official site on the composer; bilingual (French and English)
 Unlocking the Mystery of Honegger
 Holocaust Music – discusses the controversy of Honegger's role in the Resistance
 Cello Concerto Review
 Drama lírico Bíblico, Judith (audio online y descarga).
 Arthur Honegger  – biography of the composer
 František Sláma Archive . More on the history of the Czech Philharmonic between the 1940s and the 1980s: Conductors

1892 births
1955 deaths
20th-century classical composers
French male classical composers
French opera composers
Swiss classical composers
Ballet composers
Male opera composers
Neoclassical composers
Oratorio composers
Academic staff of the École Normale de Musique de Paris
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
Les Six
Musicians from Le Havre
Pupils of Vincent d'Indy
Zurich University of the Arts alumni
20th-century French male musicians
20th-century Swiss composers

Arthur Honegger


Gareth Ellis-Unwin (né Unwin, 20 February 1972) is a British film producer best known for producing the 2010 film The King's Speech, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Picture. He is also the co-founder and CEO of Bedlam Productions.

Life and career
Growing up in Slough, Berkshire, Unwin attended Herschel Grammar School. He worked part-time at Pinewood Studios.  After graduating from Ravensbourne College, Gareth rose quickly through the ranks to be assistant director and production manager for a number of drama and documentary projects. His first feature film as producer, Exam (2009), earned a nomination at the 63rd British Academy Film Awards. Following that, Gareth produced The King's Speech alongside Iain Canning and Emile Sherman, picking up the Audience Award at Toronto International Film Festival, a Producers Guild of America award, seven BAFTAs, including both Outstanding British Film and Best Film, and four Academy Awards, including Best Film.

Unwin also produced Zaytoun with Far Films, directed by Eran Riklis, which was a runner-up for the Audience Award at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival, and will next be producing The Lady Who Went Too Far, which sees him re-unite with King's Speech writer David Seidler for a tale of female heroism in the early 19th century.

References

External links

 Bedlam Productions Website

British film producers
Living people
1972 births
Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award
Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award

Gareth Unwin


Burlington Free Press is a daily newspaper based in Burlington, Vermont, in the United States. With a circulation of about 20,166 daily and 27,830 on Sundays, it is the largest daily newspaper in Vermont.

The newspaper has been hit by waves of layoffs over the past several years and employs 272 full-time employees in its Burlington headquarters. International news is usually reprinted stories supplied by the Associated Press and Reuters news services.

Newspapers in the United States

The Burlington Free Press


The 945th Military Airlift Group is an inactive United States Air Force Reserve unit.  It was last active with the 452d Military Airlift Wing, based at Hill Air Force Base, Utah.  It was inactivated on 1 January 1973

History

Need for reserve troop carrier groups
After May 1959, the reserve flying force consisted of 45 troop carrier squadrons assigned to 15 troop carrier wings.  The squadrons were not all located with their parent wings, but were spread over thirty-five Air Force, Navy and civilian airfields under what was called the Detached Squadron Concept.  The concept offered several advantages.  Communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning.  However, under this concept, all support organizations were located with the wing headquarters.   Although this was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult.  This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.  To resolve this, at the start of 1962, Continental Air Command, (ConAC) determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons.  This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed.

Activation of the 945th Troop Carrier Group
As a result, the 945th Troop Carrier Group was established at Hill Air Force Base, Utash on 17 January 1963 as the headquarters for the 733d Troop Carrier Squadron, which had been stationed there since November 1957.  Along with group headquarters, a Combat Support Squadron, Materiel Squadron and a Tactical Infirmary were organized to support the 733d.  The group was equipped with Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars for Tactical Air Command airlift operations.

The group was one of four C-119 groups assigned to the 452d Troop Carrier Wing in 1963.  The others were the 942d, 943d and 945th Troop Carrier Group at March Air Force Base, California.

The group flew routine tactical airlift missions in the western states.

The group later flew overseas missions with the Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, particularly to the Far East and Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. In 1971, the group began phasing out the C-124 and was inactivated on 1 January 1973 along with the 733d.

Lineage
 Established as the 945th Troop Carrier Group, Medium and activated on 28 December 1962 (not organized)
 Organized in the Reserve on 17 January 1963
 Redesignated: 945th Military Airlift Group on 1 July 1966
 Inactivated on 1 January 1973

Assignments
 Continental Air Command, 28 December 1962 (not organized)
 452d Troop Carrier Wing (later 452d Military Airlift Wing), 17 January 1963
 301st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1972 - 1 January 1973

Components
 733d Troop Carrier Squadron (later Military Airlift Squadron), 17 January 1963 - 1 January 1973

Stations
 Hill Air Force Base, Utah, 17 January 1963 - 1 January 1973

Aircraft
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar, 1963–1965
 Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, 1965–1973

See also

References
 Notes

 Citations

Bibliography

External links
 AFHRA search 945th Military Airlift Group

Airlift groups of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations of the United States Air Force Reserves

945th Military Airlift Group


Noelie Dasouza Machado (25 December 1929 – 18 December 2016), known as China Machado, was a Chinese-born American fashion model, editor, and television producer. She was the first model of color to appear in a major American fashion magazine, in the February 1959 issue of Harper's Bazaar.

Early life and career
Noelie da Souza Machado was born in Shanghai, China to a Portuguese father from Macau and a Chinese mother. Her maternal grandmother was from Goa. Her parents met in Hong Kong. She spent the early portion of her life learning how to cook, sew, knit, and crochet. After World War II, her family traveled to Argentina, Peru and Spain. At the age of 19, she met the Spanish bullfighter, Luis Miguel Dominguín. When the relationship ended, Machado moved to Paris and found work modelling for Hubert de Givenchy.

According to Machado, she was asked to model for Balenciaga, but he was out of town, so they sent her to Givenchy instead.

They thought I was filling-in for a sick girl, so they grabbed me, put me in clothes, and threw me into the room where they were showing the collection. I barely knew anything about walking like a model, so I just copied the girl in front of me. At the end of the show, gorgeous Givenchy comes up to me and says, "Would you like to be in the cabine?" — that's what they called the group of models who worked for the house. That's how it all started.

She later worked for Oleg Cassini and Balenciaga. She worked for Givenchy for three years and during this time, she became the highest-paid runway model in Europe, earning $1,000 a day.

In 1957, she married the actor Martin LaSalle, the son of a diplomat, and a student of political science at the Sorbonne, whom she met in Paris. Nonetheless, for a year during their courtship, she left him for the Oscar-winning actor William Holden, returning to LaSalle to marry him. The couple eventually settled in New York City where Machado met Diana Vreeland and through Vreeland, Richard Avedon, with whom she developed a very close friendship and called a "great mentor in her life". Machado and LaSalle had two daughters, Blanche and Emmanuelle. They divorced in 1965, after Machado had an affair with a friend of her husband's. Avedon declared that she was "probably the most beautiful woman in the world." His photographs of her were the ones used in the February 1959 issue of Harper's Bazaar.

It was 1958, and the publishers were saying, "We can't put this girl in the magazine. Everyone in the South will quit subscriptions and no one will want to advertise with us!" But they were published in February 1959, because — and I only found this out 20 years later—Dick had threatened to quit [his contract] if they didn't use them!

Machado worked for Avedon exclusively for three years before he got her a job as Harper's Bazaars Senior Fashion Editor where, eventually, she became the Fashion Director and ventured into other endeavors in publishing, fashion, and television. In 1989, she was added to the International Best Dressed List.

In 1991 she opened a gallery in Watermill, New York, when she left the fashion industry. Among the photographers who exhibited in the gallery were Hiro, Avedon, Lillian Bassman, Mary Ellen Mark, and Barbara Bordnick. The gallery closed in 1998, when she retired. She returned to modeling and the public eye at age 82 with an article in W followed by interviews in the Spanish and German editions of Vogue, The Sunday Telegraph, and New York. She starred in an ad campaign for Cole Hann as well.

Personal life and death
She had two daughters from her first marriage. Her second marriage was to Riccardo Rosa, a former businessman and furniture exporter. They had been together since the late 1970s, and married in 2003 or 2004. From 1960 until her death, Machado resided in New York. She and her second husband lived in Sag Harbor, Long Island.

Machado died on 18 December 2016, a week before her 87th birthday, at Stony Brook University Hospital from cardiac arrest. She was survived by her two daughters, as well as by her second husband.

References

External links

1929 births
2016 deaths
American female models
Fashion editors
Writers from Shanghai
American people of Portuguese descent
American people of Chinese descent
People with acquired American citizenship
Women magazine editors
21st-century American women

China Machado


The Beetles of the World is a series of books devoted to Coleopterology. Sciences Nat published the 24 first volumes; the following volumes and the supplements were published by Hillside Books, Canterbury.

The first book authored by Jacques Rigout was published in French Les Coléoptères du Monde in 1981 by Sciences Nat, and the book is a revision the genus Batocera. The author printed the book himself, page by page. The 500 copy volume was professionally bound but was soon out of print. A second edition was printed by a professional in 1986.

New authors came quickly to publish in the series. There were French specialists such as Gilbert Lachaume (Goliathini), Jean-Pierre Lacroix (Lucanidae), Patrick Bleuzen (Cerambycidae), Thierry Porion (Curculionidae), Roger-Paul Dechambre (Dynastidae), Marc Soula (Rutelinae) or Patrick Arnaud (Scarabaeidae), but also authorities from Belgium: Vincent Allard (Cetoniidae); Switzerland: Tiéry Lander (Buprestidae); Mexico: Miguel-Angel Morón (Rutelidae); Italy: Pierfranco Cavazzuti, Pietro Ratti, Achile Casale (Carabidae); and Germany: Karl Werner (Cicindelidae). These authors also frequently published entomological articles in the journal Bulletin de la Société Sciences Nat.

References
  Bulletin de la Société Sciences Nat: complete list of works published
  The Beetles of the World: complete list of the 30 books published with their supplements

Beetle literature
1981 non-fiction books
Series of books

The Beetles of the World


The Bronze Horseman is a romance novel written by Paullina Simons and the first book in the Bronze Horseman Trilogy.

The book begins on 22 June 1941, the day that Germany invaded the Soviet Union in the Second World War after Operation Barbarossa. Tatiana Metanova, nearly seventeen, meets the handsome and mysterious Red Army officer Alexander Belov. The relationship between Tatiana and Alexander develops against the backdrop of the Siege of Leningrad and in the face of many difficulties.

Synopsis
Tatiana Metanova wakes up on 22 June 1941, the day before her 17th birthday, to her older sister Dasha coming home and declaring that she is in love. That same morning, Vyacheslav Molotov announces Germany has invaded the Soviet Union. Tatiana's parents send her twin brother Pasha to a boys' camp so that the army won't draft him. Tatiana, who is young and naive, is excited by the war. While her family focuses on sending Pasha safely away, Tatiana is entrusted with buying food and supplies. Unable to find much to buy, she buys a scoop of ice-cream, causing her to miss her bus. While waiting for the next bus, she notices a red army officer watching her, and he eventually crosses the street and introduces himself as lieutenant Alexander Belov.

After an embarrassed introduction, Alexander and Tatiana become attracted to one another and he helps her buy food at the Officers' store. Alexander's irritating friend Dimitri insists on helping them carry the boxes home. When they arrive at Tatiana's apartment, they discover he is the man Dasha has fallen in love with. Tatiana is disappointed but doesn't want to come between him and her sister. However, Alexander visits her the following day, meeting her outside of the Kirov factory where she works. After a few weeks of walking her home, Alexander and Tatiana's attraction is undeniable. Still, Tatiana begs Alexander to stay with Dasha and not break her sister's heart. Alexander and Tatiana's bond grows deeper as Alexander tells her he is an American who emigrated with his parents, now dead, in 1930. After a few weeks, Alexander, who is annoyed at Tatiana's unwillingness to fight for him, breaks up with Dasha and stops visiting the Metanovs and Tatiana.

The Metanovs are heartbroken over Pasha, as they cannot get through to the camp and hear reports it has been under fire. Tatiana overhears her parents saying that they would have preferred to lose Tania and decides to volunteer at the front in order to find Pasha and bring him home. When she arrives at the Luga front, the boy's camp is empty. Tatiana takes refuge in a building that is bombed and is seriously injured. Dasha asks Alexander to find her, and he takes Tatiana back to Leningrad, sharing their first kiss on the way.

In Leningrad, it becomes clear that Alexander cannot stay away, but Tatiana refuses to tell Dasha about their relationship. A drunk Alexander visits Tatiana in her hospital room one night, and they become more intimate. Alexander tells Tatiana about his parents and how he came to live under a false name - and that Dimitri is aware of his true identity. Tatiana's grandparents evacuate to Molotov, but Tatiana is unable to travel because of her broken leg, meaning that she, Dasha, and her parents are trapped in the city during the Siege of Leningrad.

The scarcity of food and the harsh winter kill numerous people, including most of the Metanovs. Dasha, after months of being oblivious, reveals to Tatiana that she is aware of the relationship between her and Alexander. Ultimately, with only Dasha and Tatiana still alive and both in poor health, Alexander finds a convoy to evacuate the sisters out of Leningrad. In order to keep his promise to Tatiana not to hurt Dasha, Alexander agrees to Dasha's demand to tell her that he has loved Dasha and never Tatiana. After Dasha and Tatiana make the trip safely to Kobona, Dasha dies of consumption. Tatiana buries her sister in an ice hole and travels to Lazarevo to find her grandparents.

Months later Alexander is worried about Tatiana and Dasha, having received no word from them. After receiving a month's furlough, he travels to Lazarevo, where he finds Tatiana, learns of Dasha's fate, and finds out that Tatiana had lost both her grandparents and was recovering from tuberculosis and pneumonia. Tatiana is distrustful and eventually reveals during an argument that she was not sure if he really loved her or Dasha. Alexander and Tatiana make up and later make love for the first time. The next morning, Alexander asks her to marry him, and they do so on her 18th birthday. They spend a month together in a cabin in the woods near Lazarevo, before Alexander must return to the front.

Tatiana, worried after not hearing from Alexander, goes back to Leningrad to find him. After finding out that he is safe, she stays and works as a nurse at Grechesky Hospital in Leningrad, wanting to stay near him. Alexander is upset and tries to dissuade her but fails. He returns to the front, threatened by the possibility that Dimitri might find about his secret marriage to Tatiana and turn him in to the NKVD in revenge.

Alexander, by now promoted to major, is injured on the front while trying to save Dr. Matthew Sayers, an American Red Cross doctor with whom Tatiana has been working. Tatiana convinces the doctor to operate on him and donates blood to save Alexander, considered a hopeless case. She triumphs and Alexander lives; for his actions, he receives the Hero of the Soviet Union medal. Tatiana then asks Sayers to help them leave the Soviet Union, with her posing as a Red Cross nurse and Alexander as a Finnish POW. Alexander is concerned about the dangers of this plan, especially after finding out that she is pregnant.

Dimitri visits Alexander as he convalesces and reveals that he knows about the marriage; he threatens to tell the NKVD about Alexander's past if he does not allow Dimitri to flee the Soviet Union with them. Dimitri later demands that Tatiana be left behind, ostensibly because she might slow them down, but in fact to drive the couple apart. Alexander refuses and loses his temper, punching Dimitri and almost killing him before hospital staff intervene. Aware that his arrest is imminent, and in a desperate attempt to save Tatiana, he begs Sayers to tell her he has died while being transported to be promoted to lieutenant colonel, so that she would leave without him. Alexander says a final goodbye to the unaware Tatiana, telling her to 'remember Orbeli'.

After Dr. Sayers tells Tatiana of Alexander's supposed fate, Tatiana refuses to believe it, but is eventually persuaded and agrees to leave with Sayers and with Dimitri posing as the Finn. When Dimitri is recognized by the border guards, a firefight kills Dimitri and the guards on both sides of the border, while severely wounding Dr. Sayers. An injured Tatiana drives herself and the doctor to Helsinki, where he dies of his injuries. She, then leaves for Stockholm, where she stays for several months before traveling by ship to America. Tatiana arrives in Ellis Island in June 1943 and goes into early labor, giving birth to a baby boy whom she names Anthony Alexander Barrington, after his father.

Film adaptation

In late 2009 a film version of the book was in development with Andy Tennant as director. Production was halted, though the author's script was finished.
As of June 2011, the option on the book expired and was not renewed with Andy Tennant's production company due to differing ideas and thoughts about how the film script should be written.
In 2012 ITA Productions bought the rights to the book, appointing Martyn Hall as producer and Sash Andranikian as director. Paullina Simons finished the film script in November 2013 and pre-production was scheduled to begin in March 2014 while production was scheduled for early July. The film is predicted to be 2.5 hours long.

In late 2015 the German Getaway pictures bought the trilogy rights, announcing in March the creation of a television miniseries
that will see Sergei Bodrov as director.

References

Sources
http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/s/paullina-simons/bronze-horseman.htm
http://www.shvoong.com/books/romance/1924917-bronze-horseman/
http://www.harpercollins.com.au/book/index.aspx?isbn=9780006513223

External links
 Author's website

2001 novels
Fiction set in 1941
Novels set in Russia
Novels set during World War II
Novels set in the Stalin era
HarperCollins books

The Bronze Horseman (novel)


Canim Lake  is a lake in British Columbia, Canada. Its west end is  northeast of 100 Mile House. "Canim" means a type of large canoe in the Chinook Jargon. Canim Lake is  long. It is also part of the territory of the Shuswap First Nation where the ancestors are part of the Lake Division of the Shuswap nation of the Interior Nations of British Columbia. The Reilly Commission states that the 2,029 hectares region around Canim Lake are set aside for the Shuswap First Nation. In the summer of 1995, there was an archaeological evidence of an ancient civilization and evidence of carbon dated as 4,300 old.

Activities
Canim Lake is known for its summer and winter activities. During the summer, recreational activities include fishing, hiking, horseback riding, cliff jumping, water skiing, canoeing and kayaking. Multiple resorts located around the lake provide horse adventures for both novice and experienced riders; options include overnight and multi-day trips. Hiking and mountain biking are also common summer activities in the surrounding backcountry.  Canim Lake is also a well known area for freshwater fishing. Many types of fish can be caught including kokanee, rainbow trout, lake trout, and burbot. Wildlife are often seen around the lake and include black bears, moose, deer, wolves, foxes, cougars, beavers, otters, migratory waterfowl, osprey, bald eagles and song birds.
Winter activities include snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, dogsledding and ice fishing.

Places to See
Canim Falls can be reached from the south side of the lake. It is  high. The Canim River has cut into a lava plateau that came from the Wells Gray Clearwater Volcanic Field. The falls are located in Wells Gray Provincial Park.

Provincial Parks and BC Recreation Sites around Canim Lake

Canim Beach Provincial Park
Wells Gray Provincial Park
Schoolhouse Lake Provincial Park
Howard Lake Recreation Site
Christmas Lake Recreation Site
Succour Lake Recreation Site
Paddy Lake Recreation Site
Greenlee Lake Recreation Site
Hendrix Creek Falls Recreation Site

Private Resorts and Campsites

South Point Resort www.southpointresort.ca
Canim Lake Resort
KAYANARA Guest Ranch & Resort
Rainbow Resort
Reynolds Resort
Minac Holliday Village (Closed)

Fishing

Canim Lake contains numerous fish species including Rainbow Trout, Lake Trout, Kokanee and Burbot.  Online records indicate between 1938 and 1998, the Government of British Columbia stocked Canim Lake (sporadically) with hatchery reared Kokanee and Rainbow Trout.  Since 1998 all fish species in Canim Lake are self-sustaining.

Settlement

The settlement Canim Lake of the Canim Lake Band is located west of the lake.

References

External links

Canim Lake at BC Adventure (Tourism)

Lakes of the Cariboo
Chinook Jargon place names
Lillooet Land District

Canim Lake (British Columbia)


The Law in These Parts (Hebrew: שלטון החוק) is a 2011 Israeli documentary film, written and directed by Ra'anan Alexandrowicz, about the court system operated by the Israel Defense Forces in the West Bank. It won the Best Documentary award at the 2011 Jerusalem Film Festival and the World Cinema Grand Jury Prize in Documentary at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. At the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, The Law in These Parts won the "Special Jury Prize – International Feature".

The documentary is divided into five chapters and reviews the legal history of Israel's occupation of Arab territories.  Alexandrowicz interviews a number of the judges who were responsible for carrying out the orders of military commanders.  Only judges who presided over occupation-related cases are interviewed; as Alexandrowicz noted, "This film is not about the people who broke the law.  It's about the people who wrote the law."

See also
The Gatekeepers

References

External links

 Judging the judges - The Economist

Subjectivity and Objectivity in Israel-Palestine - Truthout

2011 films
2010s Hebrew-language films
Israeli documentary films
Documentary films about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Documentary films about law
2011 documentary films
Military courts
West Bank
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films

The Law in These Parts


The Apple AudioVision 14 Display is a 14-inch Trinitron display that was manufactured by Apple Computer Inc.

Features
The AudioVision 14 uses the same 14-inch CRT as the Macintosh Color Display. It is the only display to use the HDI-45 connector (which Apple called the Integrated Desktop Connector), capable of transferring video to the screen, video capture input from an S-Video source, audio output, audio input, and Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) all through one cable, with plug and play support.

A unidirectional microphone is built-into the top of the monitor, meant to be used for voice annotation in programs like Microsoft Word. Below the screen are two 2.5-inch diameter stereo speakers, which are magnetically and acoustically shielded, with bass reflex. These speakers are accompanied by an active equalizer, and are angled for "near-field use" (i.e. for a user sitting at the computer, rather than presentations). Between the two speakers is a set of controls for monitor brightness, contrast, volume, speaker mute, and microphone on/off. The base can swivel, and the product meets the EPA's Energy Star standards.

The monitor came with a device driver that allowed the monitor's settings to be changed  overriding the monitor's physical buttons.

These settings are sent to and from the monitor's microcontroller through ADB. Power Macintosh, Performa and Workgroup Server models 61xx, 71xx and 81xx all have the special HDI-45 port built-in. For other models, the display came with a splitter adaptor to connect audio, video, and ADB separately to the computer (female IDC to male ADB, audio in, audio out, and VGA).

The video input port present on the right side of the monitor was not supported by Apple. It shipped with a rubber plug in this port as seen in the adjacent image.

Reception
In a December 1993 review, Macworld praised the microphone, and said the speakers "produce surprisingly rich, full-bodied sound", but criticized the display as "much too small for multimedia work", giving the product 3 stars out of 5. A Macworld monitor comparison gave the AudioVision 14 "acceptable" ratings for screen focus and color saturation, below the maximum ratings of "sharp" and "vivid", and found its color balance to be "uniform" (i.e. neutral). MacUser's Russell Ito called it "the first multimedia monitor", and described its speakers as "quite acceptable". In MacUser's 9th Annual Editors' Choice awards, the AudioVision 14 was a runner up in the "Best New Display Product" category.

See also
 HDI-45 connector

References

Bibliography

External links
 Steven Kan's 6100 Upgrade Site
 AudioVision connector

Apple Inc. peripherals
Apple Inc. displays

Apple AudioVision 14 Display


Cautionary Tales for Children: Designed for the Admonition of Children between the ages of eight and fourteen years is a 1907 children's book written by Hilaire Belloc. It is a parody of the cautionary tales that were popular in the 19th century. The work is in the public domain in the United States.

Illustrated by Belloc's friend from Oxford Basil Temple Blackwood, it is similar in style to The Bad Child's Book of Beasts which had brought Belloc public acclaim and commercial success a decade earlier. The book contains an introduction and eleven tales, all written in rhyming couplets.
"Introduction: Upon being asked by a Reader whether the verses contained in this book were true."
"Jim: Who ran away from his Nurse, and was eaten by a Lion."
"Henry King: Who chewed bits of string, and was early cut off in Dreadful agonies."
"Matilda: Who told Lies, and was Burned to Death."
"Franklin Hyde: Who caroused in the Dirt and was corrected by His Uncle."
"Godolphin Horne: Who was cursed with the Sin of Pride, and, Became a Boot-black."
"Algernon: Who played with a Loaded Gun, and, on missing his Sister, was reprimanded by his Father."
"Hildebrand: Who was frightened by a Passing Motor, and was brought to reason."
"Lord Lundy: Who was too Freely Moved to Tears, and thereby ruined his Political Career."
"Rebecca: Who Slammed Doors For Fun And Perished Miserably."
"George: Who played with a Dangerous Toy, and suffered a Catastrophe of considerable Dimensions."
"Charles Augustus Fortescue: Who Always Did what was Right, and so Accumulated an Immense Fortune."

Four of the Cautionary Tales were set to music by Liza Lehmann in 1909; the famous contralto Clara Butt sang the piece in a successful tour of Britain in the same year.

Caedmon Records released 'The Bab Ballads of WS Gilbert and Cautionary Verses of Hilaire Belloc', in 1959, on: Caedmon TC-1104. The 'Ballads' were read by Stanley Holloway; and the 'Tales', by Joyce Grenfell.

The British actor Stephen Fry recorded a selection of the verses as an audiobook in 1992, and the American artist Edward Gorey created 61 new illustrations for the book, which were published posthumously in 2002. Pink Floyd writer and singer Syd Barrett used the book as the basis for the song "Matilda Mother" from the 1967 album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.

See also
 The Gashlycrumb Tinies
 Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids
 Struwwelpeter

External Links

References

1907 children's books
1907 poetry books
Children's poetry books
English poetry collections
British children's books
Books by Hilaire Belloc

Cautionary Tales for Children


Christopher Michael Draft (born February 26, 1976) is a former American football linebacker.  He previously played for the Chicago Bears, San Francisco 49ers, Atlanta Falcons, Carolina Panthers, St. Louis Rams, and Buffalo Bills. Draft played college football at Stanford University.

High School/Middle School History
Draft was an All-American in football and baseball at Kraemer Middle School and Valencia High School in Placentia, California. He played running back and linebacker during his prep career. He was an honors student and a member of the school's ASB Leadership organization.

College career
He was a four-year letter winner and a three-year starter at inside linebacker for Stanford. He started his Stanford career as a true freshman playing strong safety.  As a two-time Second-team All-Pacific-10 Conference selection, he totaled 316 career tackles, six sacks and two interceptions. As a senior in 1997, he earned Second-team All-Pac-10 honors and led the Cardinal with 81 tackles and contributed two sacks and two interceptions.  He graduated from Stanford with a degree in economics.

NFL career

Chicago Bears
Draft was drafted in the sixth round (157th overall) of the 1998 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears and appeared in one game, was inactive for three contests and spent 12 games on the Bears practice squad. On 30 August 1998 he was waived by Chicago prior to the start of the regular season and signed to practice squad by the Bears on 1 September 1998 before being promoted to the active roster on 2 December.

San Francisco 49ers
On 29 September 1999 Draft was signed to practice squad by the 49ers, where he spent six contests before being signed to the active roster on 20 November 1999. He saw action in seven games, mainly on special teams, for the San Francisco 49ers and notched seven special teams stops.

Atlanta Falcons
Claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Falcons on 11 February 2000 after being waved by San Francisco on 10 February 2000. He played in 13 games with eight starts with the Falcons and registered 67 tackles, one sack and one special teams tackle. In 2001 Draft played in 13 games with 10 starts at weakside linebacker and made 73 tackles, one pass deflection and three special teams stops. The next season, 2002, he played 15 games with five starts and had 66 tackles and a then career-high 3.5 sacks. In 2003, he started all 16 games for the first time of career and established a career-high in tackles with 124. In 2004 Draft moved to middle linebacker from weakside linebacker as Atlanta switched to a 4-3 defense from a 3-4. He played in 14 games with 13 starts and posted 56 tackles, one forced fumble, one interception and three passes deflected.

Carolina Panthers
Draft was signed by Carolina in early 2005. Played in all 16 games in first season in Carolina, also seeing action in all three postseason contests. In 2006, he started all 16 games for the second time of his career and he made 107 tackles and had 5.5 sacks.

St. Louis Rams
On March 19, 2007, he signed a three-year contract with the Rams. He played in all 16 games with six starts in his first season with the Rams and registered 50 tackles (40 solo) including 1.0 sack. His 14 special teams tackles ranked fourth on team. Seven of his starts came in place of an injured Pisa Tinoisamoa. In 2008, he made 38 tackles and 2 pass deflections. He was released from the Rams on September 10, 2009.

Buffalo Bills
On October 13, 2009, the day that the Buffalo Bills placed starting linebacker Kawika Mitchell on the IR with a knee injury, Buffalo signed Draft to a one-year contract. With Buffalo, the linebacker played in 11 games with three starts. He registered 43 tackles and 1 interception on defense and added 5 stops on special teams. He was a free agent after that season.

Washington Redskins
On May 7, 2010, the Washington Redskins signed Draft to a one-year contract. On August 23, 2010, Draft was released.

Career highlights
2008 Byron "Whizzer" White Award Finalist
2007 NFL Alumni "Spirit Award"
2006 Man of the Year – Carolina Panthers
2004 Byron "Whizzer" White Award Finalist
Career best 178 tackles (110 solo) in 2003
Host of his own Atlanta Metro Area television show "The Draft Report"
2002 Ed Block Courage Award
2001 Rankin Smith Award

National Service Projects
2007 Spokesperson: Climb California
2006 spokesperson: American Lung Association – Southeast region
2004 Hosted youth clinic for 50 children in Germany
2004 Visit with war veterans in Palo Alto, CA
Stanford University Athletic Department mentor
Orangewood (CA) Children's Home Black History Awareness
Sun Coast Big Brothers Big Sisters Annual Fundraiser participant

Community Sports Activities
2004 Boys and Girls Club football clinic
2004 Host of Project Fit America
2004 Prison Ministries of Atlanta football camp
2005/04 Flacons Fitness Challenge
2003/04 Co-host of Falcons "Thank the Fans" event
2003/04 Falcons Draft Day Fan Fest

Community Service Projects
2006 American Lung Association Asthma Walk and Camp Breathe Easy
2006 Founder of The Chris Draft Family Foundation
2005 Sponsor of the Zap Asthma summer camp
2004 Center for Disease Control "Steps for a Healthier U.S. Initiative"
2004 Atlanta Business Women's dinner
2004 Falcons Football Academy
2004 Atlanta Braves Ball Boy Mentoring Program
2004 NFL Yet Center Extra Yard partnership
2003/04 NFL Yet Center spokesperson

Personal life
Draft met Keasha Rutledge in 2006. They were married 5 years later, on November 27, 2011. She died of lung cancer on December 27, 2011.

References

External links
Rams Player Bio

1976 births
Living people
Players of American football from Anaheim, California
American football linebackers
Chicago Bears players
Atlanta Falcons players
Buffalo Bills players
Carolina Panthers players
San Francisco 49ers players
Stanford Cardinal football players
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players

Chris Draft


Thomas Dawson (active 1585–1620) was an English author of cookery and housekeeping books.

Life

Thomas Dawson was an author of popular cookery and housekeeping books in the late 16th century. His best-known works include The Good Huswifes Jewell (1585), The Booke of Carving and Sewing (1597), and his Booke of Cookerie (1620).

Books

Dawson's Good Huswifes Jewell gives recipes for making fruit tarts using fruits as varied as apple, peach, cherry, damson, pear, and mulberry. For stuffing for meat and poultry, or as he says "to farse all things", he recommends using the herbs thyme, hyssop, and parsley, mixed with egg yolk, white bread, raisins or barberries, and spices including cloves, mace, cinnamon and ginger, all in the same dish. His recipe for a salad with a vinaigrette dressing runs as follows (from the 1596 edition):

To make a Sallet of all kinde of hearbes.

Take your hearbes and picke them very fine into faire water, and picke your flowers by themselues, and washe them al cleane, and swing them in a strainer, and when you put them into a dish, mingle them with Cowcumbers or Lemmons payred and sliced, and scrape Suger, and put in vineger and Oyle, and throwe the flowers on the toppe of the sallet, and of euery sorte of the aforesaide things, and garnish the dish about with the forsaide thinges, and harde Egges boyled and laide about the dish and vpon the sallet.

The celebrity chef Clarissa Dickson Wright comments on Dawson's trifle that it differs from the modern recipe, as it consists only of "a pinte of thicke Creame", seasoned with sugar, ginger and rosewater, and warmed gently for serving. She notes, also from the Good Huswife's Jewell, that the Elizabethans had a strong liking for sweet things.

Dawson's recipes included medicines, some of which involved sympathetic magic. The Good Huswife's Jewell described "a tart to provoke courage in either man or woman", calling for the brains of male sparrows. Torn sinews are healed by taking "worms while they be nice", crushing them and laying them on to the sore "and it will knit the sinew that be broken in two".

References

External links
 Gode Cookery PDFs including Good Huswifes Jewell 1596 and The Good Huswives Handmaide 1597
 The Good Huswives Handmaide for the Kitchin 1594 (.htm)
 Good Huswifes Jewell 1596 (.txt)

English chefs
16th-century births
1620 deaths

Thomas Dawson (cook)


Coastal flooding happens when dry and low-lying land is submerged by water. The range of a coastal flooding event is from the elevation of floodwater. It is controlled by topography of coastal land exposed to flooding.

Coastal floods are largely natural events. Human influence on the coastal environment, though, can make coastal floods worse.

Storms, including tropical cyclones can cause flooding from storm surge, and rising sea levels from climate change.

Severe weather

Coastal flooding