The Olia Chain (or The Olias) is a mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges, and connects these ranges with the Musgrave Ranges further south. The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains. It extends from Katamala Cone (828 m) at its northern end to Mantarur (including Butler's Dome, 1102 m) in the south. The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025 m). A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, called Pirrulpakalarintja.

The Olia Chain mostly consist of flat-topped ridges composed of sandstone, slate, quartzite, and limestone rock beds.

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of the Northern Territory

Olia chain


Granada () is a ceety an the caipital o the province o Granada, in the autonomous commonty o Andalusie, Spain.

The ceety o Granada is placit at the fuit of the Sierra Nevada muntains, at the confluence o three rivers, Beiro, Darro an Genil, at an elevation o 738 metres abuin sea level yet anerlie ane oor frae the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearbi is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, whaur the FIS Alpine Warld Ski Championships 1996 wur held.

At the 2005 census, the population o the ceety o Granada proper wis 236,982, an the population o the entire urban aurie wis estimatit tae be 472,638, rankin as the 13t-lairgest urban aurie o Spain. Aboot 3.3% o the population did no hauld Spaingie ceetizenship, the lairgest number o these (31%) comin frae Sooth Americae. Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Airport.

The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel an palace, is in Granada. It is ane o the maist famous items o the Islamic historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot amang cultural an tourist ceeties in Spain. The Almohad urbanism wi some fine examples o Moorish an Morisco constructions is preserved at the pairt o the ceety cried the Albaicín.

Granada is an aa well-kent athin Spain due tae the prestigious Varsity o Granada an, nouadays, vibrant nicht-life. In fact, it is said that it is ane o the three best ceeties for university students (the ither twa are Salamanca an Santiago de Compostela).

The pomegranate (in Spaingie, 'granada') is the heraldic device o Granada.

Twin touns - sister ceeties
  Aix-en-Provence, Fraunce
  Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  Coral Gables, Unitit States
  Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
  Marrakech, Morocco
  Sharjah, Unitit Arab Emirates
  Tetuán, Morocco
  Tlemcen, Algerie

Auncient mints

Granada


Burnham-on-Sea is a small town in the county of Somerset in England on the mouth of the River Parrett at Bridgwater Bay. Burnham was a small fishing village until the late-18th century when it became popular as a seaside resort. This made the village grow larger into a town.

Towns in Somerset

Burnham-on-Sea


Giuseppe Tassini (12 November 1827 - 22 December 1899) was an Italian historian and one of the most notable scholars of the toponymy of his birthplace of Venice. His most notable work was Curiosità Veneziane, a minute toponymical study first published in 1863 and universally considered the most important bibliographical source of its kind.

Life
Born into an old middle-class Venetian family, he was the son of Carlo (1781-1848), an official with the Austro-Hungarian Navy and his noble-born wife Elisabetta de Wasserfall. He had a bumpy childhood which only settled down after his father's death, gaining a laurea in law in 1860. He then mainly focussed on administering his family estates, including lands in Scorzè and several houses in Venice, and on further study.

He died of an apoplectic fit in his house near the sotoportego delle Cariole in Venice, not far from San Zulian. His body was discovered by a chamberlain of the Caffè dei Segretari who usually brought Tassini breakfast each morning - on 22 December 1899 he had not already opened his door and the chamberlain called a blacksmith to force it open. He was buried in a common grave and the location of his remains is now unknown. His manuscript books, houses and lands passed to a cousin who had emigrated to America, who then sold them off, with most of Tassini's notes bought by the Correr Museum.

Works (in date order)
La barba
Gli occhiali
Curiosità Veneziane - Ovvero: Origini delle denominazioni stradali di Venezia
Il libertinaggio a Venezia
Veronica Franco celebre letterata e cortigiana veneziana
Feste, spettacoli, divertimenti e piaceri degli antichi veneziani
Alcuni palazzi ed antichi edifizii di Venezia storicamente illustrati
Edifici di Venezia distrutti o volti ad altro uso diverso da quello a cui furono in origine destinati
Osservazioni critiche sopra le innovazioni praticate nella nomenclatura stradale di Venezia
Alcune delle più clamorose condanne capitali eseguite in Venezia sotto la Repubblica
Il veridico - Diario storico veneziano
Le iscrizioni nella chiesa e convento di San Salvatore in Venezia
Aneddoti storici veneziani
Notizie storiche e genealogiche sui cittadini veneziani (unfinished)

Some of his works are in a Miscellanea published by Editrice Filippi.

References

19th-century Italian historians
People from Venice
History of Venice
1827 births
1899 deaths
Toponymists
Deaths from bleeding

Giuseppe Tassini


Redemptorist station is an under-construction Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) station situated on Line 1.  It is part of the Line 1 South Extension Project. The station would be the northernmost of the extension. It would be the twenty-second station from the northern terminus at Common Station. It would be built in Baclaran, Parañaque and would be named after the nearby Redemptorist Road. The station will be adjacent to Baclaran Church, Department of Foreign Affairs Office of Consular Affairs along Bradco Avenue, Parqal and Singapore School of Manila.

History
Redemptorist station was first planned as part of the Line 1 South Extension plan, which calls for a mostly elevated extension of approximately . The extension will have 8 passenger stations with an option for 2 future stations (Manuyo Uno and Talaba). The project was first approved on August 25, 2000 and the implementing agreement for the project was approved on January 22, 2002. However, construction for the extension was repeatedly delayed until the project was shelved years later.

The plans for the southern extension project were restarted as early as 2012 during the Aquino administration and was expected to begin construction in 2014, but was delayed due to right of way issues. The issues were resolved in 2016 and the project broke ground on May 4, 2017. Meanwhile, construction works on the south extension began on May 7, 2019 after the right-of-way acquisitions were cleared.

, the project is 82.7% complete; the station itself is 59.8% complete. Phase 1 of the extension (from Redemptorist station to Dr. Santos station) is slated to be operational by the 4th quarter of 2024, with full operations by second quarter of 2027.

See also
List of Manila LRT and MRT stations
Manila Light Rail Transit System

External links

References

Manila Light Rail Transit System stations
Proposed railway stations in the Philippines

Redemptorist station


Suniti Solomon (1938 or 1939 – 28 July 2015) was an Indian physician and microbiologist who pioneered AIDS research and prevention in India after having diagnosed the first Indian AIDS cases among the Chennai sex workers in 1986 along with her student Sellappan Nirmala . She founded the Y R Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education in Chennai. The Indian government conferred the National Women Bio-scientist Award on her.
On 25 January 2017, the Government of India awarded her the Padma Shri for medicine  for her contributions towards diagnosis and treatment of HIV.

Early life and education
Suniti Solomon (née Gaitonde), was born in a Maharashtrian Hindu family of the leather traders in Chennai. She was the seventh child in a family of eight and was the only daughter. In a 2009 interview she said she became interested in medicine from the yearly health officer visits to their home for vaccinations.

She studied medicine at Madras Medical College and then was trained in pathology in the UK, the U.S. and Australia until 1973 when she and her husband, Victor Solomon, returned to Chennai, because "she felt her services were more needed in India." She did her doctorate in microbiology and joined the faculty of the Institute of Microbiology in Madras Medical College afterwards.

Career
In her earlier career life abroad, Solomon had worked as a junior physician at King's College Hospital, London. After returning to India, Solomon worked as a microbiologist at Madras Medical College and rose to the rank of professor. She followed the literature about the clinical descriptions of AIDS in 1981, discovery of HIV in 1983 and by 1986 decided to test 100 female sex workers, as India had no openly gay community. Six of the one hundred blood samples turned out to be HIV positive. Solomon later sent the samples to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore for a retest which confirmed the result. This discovery became the first HIV documentation in India. Since then, Solomon decided to dedicate her life working on HIV/AIDS research, treatment, and awareness. She has described how people shunned HIV infected persons; even her husband did not want her "to work with HIV-positive patients," most of whom at that time were homosexuals, those who self-injected drugs and sex workers. Solomon replied by "you have to listen to their stories and you wouldn't say the same thing." Solomon was one of the first people who spoke openly about HIV and the stigma along it, she once stated "what is killing people with AIDS more is the stigma and discrimination."

From 1988 to 1993, Solomon set up the first AIDS Resource Group in India founded at the MMC and ran a variety of AIDS research and social services. The group was also the first comprehensive HIV/AIDS facility in India before any private and public sectors. In 1993, Solomon established the 'Y R Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education' (YRG CARE) after the name of her father. It was one of India's first places for voluntary HIV counselling and testing. As of 2015, 100 outpatients were seen there daily and 15 000 patients were on regular follow-up. The centre and her work there have been described as "significant factors in slowing the [HIV] epidemic". She also provide education to other doctors and students about HIV and its treatment. She obtained the name of "the AIDS doctor of Chennai" and served as the President of the AIDS Society of India.

Solomon also collaborated in international research studies, including a multi-country HIV/STD Prevention Trial at the US National Institute of Mental Health, the HIV Prevention Trials Network run by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, an NIH study of the HIV stigma in health care settings in Southern India, and a Phase III study of 6% CS GEL, a candidate microbicide of CONRAD (organization).

Personal life
Solomon met her husband, Victor Solomon, a cardiac surgeon, when studying medicine at Madras College. She followed his travels to the UK, US and Australia. He died in 2006. Their son Sunil Solomon is an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. She was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer 2 months before her death on July 28, 2015, in her home in Chennai, at the age of 76.

Awards
Solomon received the following awards:
 In 2001, award for pioneering work on HIV/AIDS by the state-run medical varsity.
 In 2005, a Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on HIV by Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society
 In 2006, DMS (Honoris Cusa) by Brown University, USA
 In 2009, 'National Women Bio-scientist Award' by the Indian ministry of science and technology.
 In 2010, Fellowship of the National Academy of Medical Sciences.
 In 2012, 'Lifetime Achievement Award for Service on HIV/AIDS' by the state-run Dr MGR Medical University in Chennai.
 and several other awards, like the 'Mother Teresa Memorial Award' for education and humanitarian services.
In 2017, the Government of India announced "Padma Shri" award (posthumous) for her distinguished service in the field of medicine

Work

References

Indian women medical doctors
20th-century Indian medical doctors
2015 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
HIV/AIDS activists
Human trafficking in India
Pancreatic cancer
Indian microbiologists
Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences
Indian women microbiologists
Indian medical researchers
20th-century Indian women scientists
Indian women medical researchers
Indian women biologists
20th-century Indian biologists
Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine
Medical doctors from Chennai
Women scientists from Tamil Nadu
20th-century women physicians

Suniti Solomon


Tobacco Bay is located in the far north of Bermuda. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean coast, close to the town of St. George's and to the historic Fort St. Catherine. One of Bermuda's national parks, it is a popular public beach. Snorkelling is a popular activity, as the bay has impressive underwater coral reefs, which explains its popularity with those who snorkel.

The bay has an interesting history and was intimately connected with Bermuda's "Gunpowder Plot". On August 14, 1775, a group of Bermudians sympathetic to the independentist cause of the American Continental Congress stole gunpowder from the British Magazine in St. George's, rolled it across the island to Tobacco Bay and shipped it to America.

Gallery

References

Bays of Bermuda
St. George's Parish, Bermuda

Tobacco Bay, Bermuda


The labyrinth of Versailles was a hedge maze in the Gardens of Versailles with groups of fountains and sculptures depicting Aesop's fables.  André Le Nôtre initially planned a maze of unadorned paths in 1665, but in 1669, Charles Perrault advised Louis XIV to include thirty-nine fountains, each representing one of the  fables of Aesop.  The work was carried out between 1672 and 1677. Water jets spurting from the animals mouths were conceived to give the impression of speech between the creatures. There was a plaque  with a caption and a quatrain written by the poet Isaac de Benserade next to each fountain. A detailed description of the labyrinth, its fables and sculptures is given in Perrault's Labyrinte de Versailles, illustrated with engravings by Sébastien Leclerc.

In 1778 Louis XVI had the labyrinth removed and replaced by an arboretum of exotic trees planted as an English-styled garden.

Creation
In 1665, André Le Nôtre planned a hedge maze of unadorned paths in an area south of the Latona Fountain near the Orangerie. In 1668 Jean de La Fontaine published his first collection Fables Choisies, dedicated to "Monseigneur" Louis, le Grand Dauphin, the six-year-old son of Louis XIV. Although La Fontaine had incurred the royal displeasure, his poems  perhaps encouraged Charles Perrault, author of the Mother Goose stories, who the year before had been named senior civil servant in the Superintendence of the King's Buildings, to advise Louis XIV in 1669 to remodel the labyrinth in such a way as to serve the Dauphin's education. Between 1672 and 1677 Le Nôtre redesigned the labyrinth to feature thirty-nine fountains that depicted stories from Aesop's Fables.  The sculptors Jean-Baptiste Tuby, Etienne Le Hongre, Pierre Le Gros, and the brothers Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy worked on these thirty-nine hydraulic sculptures.

Each fountain was accompanied by a plaque on which the fable was printed, with verse written by Isaac de Benserade. It was from these plaques that Louis XIV's son learned to read. In his Fables d'Ésope en quatrains, dont il y en a une partie au labyrinthe de Versailles de Benserade claims that, as well as being the one to choose the fables, it was the King himself who had wanted a quatrain to describe each of them.

Once completed in 1677 the labyrinth contained thirty-nine fountains with 333 painted metal animal sculptures. The water for the elaborate waterworks was conveyed from the Seine by the Machine de Marly, which used fourteen water-wheels driving 253 pumps, some of which worked at a distance of three-quarters of a mile.

Layout
The layout of the maze was unusual, as there was no central goal, and, despite the  hedges, allowed glimpses ahead. Jean-Aymar Piganiol de La Force in his Nouvelle description du château et parc de Versailles et de Marly (1702) describes the labyrinth as a "network of allées bordered with palisades where it is easy to get lost." He continues: "At every turn you see a fountain decorated with delicate rocaille, and representing very simply a fable, the subject of which is indicated by a four-line inscription in gold letters on a bronze plate."

Shortly after the labyrinth was completed, Perrault published a description in his Recueil de divers ouvrages en prose et en vers. "At each end of a path," he wrote, "and wherever they cross, there are fountains, so arranged that in whatever place one finds oneself, one sees always three or four and often six or seven of them at once. The basins of these fountains, all different in figure and design, are enriched with fine rock-work and rare shells and for ornamentation have different animals who represent the most charming fables of Aesop. These animals are so well made and lifelike that they seem to be still in the action that they depict; one can even say that they in some way speak the words that the fable attributes to them, since the water that they spout forth at one another seems not only to give them life and action, but serves them also as a voice to express their passions and their thoughts."

Success

This labyrinth was so popular, not only with the King and the young Dauphin, but with the nobility and gentry who were allowed to visit the garden, that a guidebook was published, Perrault's Labyrinte de Versailles, which contained the fables, a description of the fountains and the quatrains written by the poet Isaac Benserade for each fable. It was first published in 1675, then reprinted in 1677 with engravings by Sébastien Leclerc. A third version, in which the engravings by Leclerc were illuminated by Jacques Bailly was produced soon after.
The small, pocket-sized books were richly bound in red Morocco leather with stamped gilt decoration. The book was eventually translated into English, appearing twice in 1768, in John Bowles's edition and Daniel Bellamy senior's Aesop at Court, with plates engraved by George Bickham.

The labyrinth contributed greatly to the wonder that the Gardens of Versailles instilled in visitors and diplomats from abroad. An illustrated guide printed in Amsterdam in 1682 praised Le Nôtre's work saying, "Amongst all these works there is nothing more admirable and praiseworthy than the Royal Garden at Versailles, and, in it, the Labyrinth... The Turnings and Windings, edged on both sides with green cropt hedges, are not at all tedious, by reason that at every hand there are figures and water-works representing the mysterious and instructive fables of Aesop".

The composer Marin Marais wrote a piece for viola da gamba called "Le Labyrinthe." Titon du Tillet admired it: "The piece from his Fourth Book, titled Le Labyrinthe, in which after roaming through various keys, touching diverse dissonances, and underlining, first with sombre tones and later with lively and sprightly ones, the uncertainty of a man lost in a labyrinth, the composer manages happily to find the way out at last and finishes with a graceful and natural sounding Chaconne."

Plan of the gardens in 1746

Aesop and Love

Two statues were placed at the entrance to the labyrinth ("A" in the plan), one of Aesop by Le Gros ("B") holding a scroll of paper and the other of Love or Cupid by Tuby ("C") holding a ball of thread, like Ariadne's.

Perrault writes of the two figures: "Aesop has a roll of paper which he shows to Love who has a ball of thread, as if to say that if God has committed men to troublesome labyrinths, there is no secret to getting out as long as Love is accompanied by wisdom, of which Aesop in his fables teaches the path."

For Michel Conan, the maze's design "invited all visitors to give first-person attention" to their movements, and the statues "advised that unless they pondered their choices they might fail to find their way through the labyrinth." For him, the labyrinth, as a metaphor for life, "encouraged self-reflection and a search for a personal code of conduct", with the dialogue between Cupid and Aesop at the entrance emphasising this:

Cupid: Aesop:

Destruction
Citing repair and maintenance costs, Louis XVI ordered the labyrinth destroyed in 1778.  In its place, an arboretum of exotic trees was planted as an English-styled garden.  Rechristened Bosquet de la Reine, it would be in this part of the garden that an episode of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, which compromised Marie-Antoinette, transpired in 1785.
In the reserve collections of the Musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon, there remain only thirty-four fragments of the fountains, as well as the statues of L'Amour and Aesop.

The fables in the labyrinth

Owl and Birds (Le duc et les oiseaux, Perry 614)
Cocks and Partridge (Les coqs et la perdrix, Perry 23)
The Cock, the Dog and the Fox (Le coq et le renard, Perry 252)
The Cock and the Jewel (Le coq et le diamant, Perry 503)
The Cat and the Mice (Le chat pendu et les rats, Perry 79)
The Eagle and the Fox (L'aigle et le renard Perry 1)
The Jay and the Peacock (Les paons et le geai, Perry 472)
The Cock and the Turkey-cock (Le coq et le coq d'Inde)
The Peacock and the Jackdaw (Le paon et la pie, Perry 219)
The Viper and the File (Le dragon, l'enclume et la lime, Perry 93)
The Ape's Twin Offspring (Le singe et ses petits, Perry 218)
The Bat (Le combat des oiseaux, Perry 566)
Hen, Chicks and Kite (La poule et les poussins, Perry 601)
The Fox and the Stork, first part (Le renard et la grue, Perry 426)
The Fox and the Stork, second part (La grue et le renard, Perry 426)
The Peacock complains to Juno about his Voice (Le paon et le rossignol, Perry 509)
The Parrot and the Ape (Le perroquet et le singe)
The Wolf and the Fox before Judge Ape (Le singe juge, Perry 474)
The Frog and the Mouse (Le rat et la grenouille, Perry 384)
The Tortoise and the Hare (Le lièvre et la tortue, Perry 226)
The Wolf and the Heron (Le loup et la grue, Perry 156)
The Kite and the Birds (Le milan et les oiseaux)
The Ape and the Fox (Le singe roi, Perry 81)
The Fox and the Goat in the Well (Le renard et le bouc, Perry 9)
The Mice in Council (Le conseil des rats, Perry 613)
The Frogs ask Zeus for a King (Les Grenouilles et Jupiter, Perry 44)
The Monkey and the Cat (Le singe et le chat, not in Perry)
The Fox and the Grapes out of Reach (Le renard et les raisins, Perry 15)
The Eagle and the Beetle (L'aigle, le lapin et l'escarbot, Perry 3)
The Wolf and the Porcupine (Le loup et le porc-épi)
The Snake with several Heads (Le serpent à plusieurs têtes)
The Mouse, the Cat and the little Cock (La petite souris, le chat et le cochet)
The Kite and the Doves (Le milan et les colombes, Perry 486)
The Ape and the Dolphin (Le dauphin et le singe, Perry 73)
Fox and Crow (Le renard et le corbeau, Perry 124)
The Swan and his Owner (Du cygne et de la grue, Perry 233)
The Fox and the Mask (Le loup et la tête, Perry 27)
The Snake and the Porcupine (Le serpent et le porc-épic)
The Ducks and the Water-Spaniel (Les cannes et le petit barbet)

Gallery

See also

Louis XIV
History of the Palace of Versailles
Gardens of Versailles
Aesop's fable
André Le Nôtre
Charles Perrault

Notes

References
 (scan of the book at the Bibliothèque nationale de France)

External links

Interactive plan of the labyrinth and photos of two of the statues at versailles1687.free.fr
links to almost all of the fables on shanaweb.net page on Perrault (in French)
link to a 3D Augmented Reality Version of the Labyrinth
The Labyrinth
Six Meditations on Versailles_"Meditations at Versailles" in The Paris Sketch Book, W.M. Thackeray, 1840
An English translation with a copy (in reverse) of the map of the Labyrinth.

Aesop's Fables
Versailles
Mazes in France
1677 establishments in France
Gardens
Versailles (Gardens)
Versailles
World Heritage Sites in France

The labyrinth of Versailles


Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fonck (born May 19, 1965) is a Chilean actress, tv host and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universo Chile 1987 and Miss Universe 1987.

Bolocco has worked as a journalist on the Spanish language edition of CNN, on Telemundo and on various programs for Chilean Television and she acted on the soap opera Morelia.

Between 2001 and 2011 she was married to the 44th President of Argentina Carlos Menem.

Early life
Bolocco was born in Santiago, Chile to Enzo Bolocco Cintolesi, an Arbëreshë businessman  and Rose Marie Fonck Assler. She attended primary and secondary school at Santiago College. She then studied a year of civil engineering at the University of Santiago, Chile, before dropping out to pursue costume design at the INCA-CEA Institute.

Miss Universe

Bolocco was selected Miss Chile for Miss Universe on April 20, 1987. On May 26, 1987, she beat 67 contestants to become the first Chilean to win the Miss Universe beauty pageant that was held at the World Trade Centre in Singapore that year. During her year-long reign, she settled in Los Angeles, California.

After the crown

Bolocco began a television career in Chile with the show Porque hoy es sábado ("Because it's Saturday") on Televisión Nacional de Chile. She then co-hosted Martes 13 ("Tuesday the 13th") on Channel 13. The program name is a play on the English idiomatic expression about Friday the 13th, where in Chile the unlucky day is Tuesday the 13th.

In March 1990 Bolocco married American television producer Michael Young in Santiago. The local media covered the event as if it were a royal wedding.

Bolocco moved to Atlanta, Georgia to work as an anchorwoman for the Spanish section at CNN produced for Telemundo Network, on June, 1990. Then, she became a full-fledged member of the Telemundo family where she hosted the afternoon lifestyles program La Buena Vida ("The Good Life"), The show was merged with another newsmagazine titled Ocurrió así ("It Happened This Way") and Esta noche con Cecilia Bolocco ("Tonight With Cecilia Bolocco") followed for which she won two Emmy awards.

She then took a starring role as the evil Karina Lafontaine de Montero in the Mexican Televisa's hit soap opera Morelia, which was aired to more than 70 countries throughout the Americas, including Chile, and Europe.

Around the mid-1990s Bolocco ended her relationship with husband Michael Young. The marriage was annulled, because no divorce law existed in Chile at the time.

In 1993 Bolocco co-hosted the 1993 Miss Universe pageant in The Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City.

In 1995 Bolocco co-hosted the closing night of the 36th Viña del Mar International Song Festival, held every year in Viña del Mar, Chile.

In October 1996, already separated, Bolocco took the job as co-host in one of the shows with the highest ratings in Chilean television history, Viva el lunes ("Long Live Monday"), alongside Kike Morandé and comedian Álvaro Salas. At the same time, she had a radio show and appeared in her own television show, La noche de Cecilia ("The Night of Cecilia").

Also in 1996 Bolocco was a judge in the 1996 Miss Universe pageant in Las Vegas, Nevada.

In February, 2000, Bolocco became an established hostess for the Viña del Mar Song Festival, with partner and longtime host Antonio Vodanovic.

In August 2001 Bolocco's marriage to Young was annulled. On 26 May 2001, Bolocco married former Argentine president Carlos Menem in La Rioja, Argentina, whom she met while interviewing him at the Casa Rosada presidential house in Argentina. On November 19, 2003, their first son, Máximo Saúl Menem Bolocco, was born in Santiago, Chile. They separated in April 2007 and officially divorced in May 2011.

See also
 List of television presenters/Chile

References

External links

1965 births
Chilean beauty pageant winners
Chilean emigrants to the United States
Chilean people of Arbëreshë descent
Chilean people of German descent
Chilean television personalities
Chilean television presenters
Chilean women television presenters
Living people
Menem family
Miss Universe 1987 contestants
Miss Universe winners
Miss Universo Chile winners
Actors from Santiago
Spouses of politicians
Chilean television talk show hosts
University of Santiago, Chile alumni

Cecilia Bolocco


John Burningham (27 April 1936 – 4 January 2019) was an English author and illustrator of children's books, especially picture books for young children. He lived in north London with his wife Helen Oxenbury, another illustrator. His last published work was a husband-and-wife collaboration, There's Going to Be a New Baby (Walker Books, September 2011), written by John and illustrated by Helen for "ages 2+".

Burningham won the 1963 and 1970 Kate Greenaway Medals for British children's book illustration. The first was for his debut as illustrator (and author), Borka: The Adventures of a Goose with No Feathers, named one of the top ten winning works for the 50th anniversary of the Medal (1955–2005). His second Greenaway Medal winner, Mr Gumpy's Outing (1970), is his work most widely held in WorldCat participating libraries, and it also won the annual Boston Globe–Horn Book Award (US) in the picture books category.

For his lasting contribution as a children's illustrator, Burningham was one of five or six finalists in 2012 and in 2014 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books. He was the UK's national nominee in 1980 and 1986.

Biography

Burningham was born 27 April 1936, in Farnham, Surrey, England, to Charles and Jessie (Mackintosh) Burningham. He was educated at the alternative school Summerhill. Burningham's 1964 children's book "John Burningham's ABC" was dedicated to the founder of Summerhill, A. S. Neill, his old headteacher. The author famously wrote to Neill at the time "I managed to pick up the alphabet upon leaving Summerhill". When called up for National Service he registered as a conscientious objector, and served in forestry and housing projects. He entered the Central School of Art when he was 20 and graduated in 1959.
After work on posters (for London and British Transport) and animated films, Burningham debuted both as book author and book illustrator in 1963 with the picture book Borka: The Adventures of a Goose With No Feathers, published by Jonathan Cape. For that he won the 1963 Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. For the 50th anniversary of the Medal (1955–2005), a panel of experts named Borka one of the top ten winning works, which composed the ballot for a public election of the nation's favourite.

Cape was soon looking for someone to illustrate a forthcoming children's adventure serial called Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang that was written by Ian Fleming, its most successful author at the time. Fleming had suggested cartoonist "Trog" (Wally Fawkes) of the Daily Mail, but the newspaper would not allow the illustrator of their popular Flook strip to work for an author whose James Bond stories were adapted as a comic strip for its arch-rival Daily Express. Fleming consulted his motor engineer friend Charles Amherst Villiers, who produced a sketch based on Fleming's description of the magical car—this drawing was passed to Cape's popular new illustrator John Burningham, who was asked to illustrate the whole series on the strength of his debut story Borka. Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang was originally published in three volumes, 1964–1965; the omnibus edition followed in 1968. Burningham's witty and timeless art-work, along with Fleming's imaginative text, led Chitty to become the most famous and best loved car in English-language fiction.

In 1964, Burningham married author-illustrator Helen Oxenbury, who won the 1969 Greenaway Medal. He won the next year for Mr Gumpy's Outing (Cape, 1970), the first illustrator to win twice. Oxenbury was later a highly commended runner up four times, and eventually won a second Medal of her own for an edition of Alice in Wonderland (Walker, 1999) that was also named to the anniversary top ten.

Burningham has contributed to more than 60 other books and has received many awards including the 1980 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, Picture book category, for Was ist dir lieber ... (), the German-language edition of Would you rather ... (Cape, 1978, ). Google books calls it 'A series of comical choices such as, "Would you rather eat spider stew or slug dumplings or mashed worms?"'

For both writing and illustrating Granpa (1984), he won the "Emil": the Kurt Maschler Award, annually (1982 to 1999) recognising one UK-published "work of imagination for children, in which text and illustration are integrated so that each enhances and balances the other." It was adapted as a 1989 animated film of the same name.

In 2012 Burningham was one of five finalists for the biennial international Hans Christian Andersen Award for Illustration, which recognises a living "illustrator whose complete works have made lasting contributions to children's literature." Thirty national sections of the International Board on Books for Young People had exercised the option to nominate someone. The jury summarised, "John Burningham from the UK uses delicate irony mixed with innocence and high seriousness that with his use of line and colour, creates an intimacy with the reader."

Burningham died in London on 4 January 2019, at the age of 82, after contracting pneumonia.

Selected works

Burningham both wrote and illustrated almost all of his published books. The exceptions are listed here:
 Borka: The Adventures of a Goose with No Feathers (Jonathan Cape, 1963)
 ABC (Cape, 1964); also John Burningham's ABC
 Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car by Ian Fleming (Cape, three vols. October 1964 to January 1965)
 The Extraordinary Tug-of-war retold by Letta Schatz (Follett, 1968)
 Seasons (Cape, 1969)
 Mr Gumpy's Outing (Cape, 1970)
 Around the World in Eighty Days (Cape, 1972)
 Mr Gumpy's Motor Car (Cape, 1973)
 Come away from the water, Shirley (Cape, 1977)
 Time to get out of the bath, Shirley (Cape, 1978)
 The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame (Kestrel, 1983)—an edition of the 1908 classic
 Granpa (Cape, 1984)
 There's going to be a new baby (Walker Books, 2011), illustrated by Helen Oxenbury—husband and wife, their first collaboration

Works about Burningham

 John Burningham, John Burningham (2009)
 D. Martin, "John Burningham", in Douglas Martin, The Telling Line: Essays on Fifteen Contemporary Book Illustrators (Julia MacRae Books, 1989), pp. 215–27

References

External links

 "John Burningham: Nicolette Jones meets the children's writer and illustrator", The Telegraph, 22 May 2009
 "Flights of fancy: It's 40 years since Borka ...", The Guardian, 7 March 2003
 "John Burningham  – a life in pictures", a 13-picture gallery, The Guardian, 21 March 2011

1936 births
2019 deaths
People educated at Summerhill School
British conscientious objectors
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
British children's writers
British illustrators
British children's book illustrators
Kate Greenaway Medal winners
Writers who illustrated their own writing
Deaths from pneumonia in England

John Burningham


Charles Hilton Fagge (1838–1883) was an English physician.

Life
Fagge was the son of Charles Fagge, a medical practitioner, and nephew of John Hilton. He was born in Hythe, Kent on 30 June 1838. Fagge entered Guy's Hospital medical school in October 1856, and in 1859, at the first M.B. examination at the university of London, gained three scholarships and gold medals; in 1861, at the final M.B. examination, he gained scholarships and gold medals for medicine and for physiology, and a gold medal for surgery. In 1863 he graduated M.D., in 1864 became a member, and in 1870 a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

After being demonstrator of anatomy from 1862 to 1866, Fagge became medical registrar of Guy's in 1866, assistant physician in 1867, and physician in 1880. He was for some years demonstrator of morbid anatomy, lecturer on pathology, and curator of the museum at Guy's. He for some years edited the Guy's Hospital Reports, and at the time of his death was examiner in medicine to the university of London. For about a year and a half he had suffered from aneurysm of the aorta, but he continued to work on his treatise on medicine, which had occupied him for twelve years or more. He had been occupied on the last day of his life in reading examination papers, when he was seized with difficulty of breathing, and died in half an hour on 18 November 1883, at his house in Grosvenor Street, in his forty-sixth year. He left a widow and two daughters. He was buried at West Norwood Cemetery and a bronze memorial tablet erected in the museum of Guy's Hospital.

Works
He wrote original papers and his Principles and Practice of Medicine, published in 1886, with additions by Samuel Wilks and Philip Henry Pye-Smith (editor). He translated the first volume of Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra's work on cutaneous diseases into English for the New Sydenham Society, and classified and catalogued the models of skin diseases in the museum of Guy's Hospital. He contributed papers on skin diseases to the 'Guy's Hospital Reports,' the major one being 'On Scleriasis and Allied Affections,' 1867. An article on 'Intestinal Obstruction' appeared in the same reports in 1868. He wrote the article on 'Valvular Disease of the Heart' in Sir John Russell Reynolds's 'System of Medicine' (vol. iv.); others in the area were on 'Mitral Contraction,' 'Acute Dilatation of the Stomach,' 'Abdominal Abscess,' and on 'Fibroid Disease of the Heart' ('Transactions of the Pathological Society,' xxv. 64–98).

With Dr. Thomas Stevenson, he made a series of researches on the application of physiological tests for digitaline and other poisons (Proc. Roy. Soc. 1865; Guy's Hospital Reports, 1866).

References

1838 births
1883 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
People from Hythe, Kent
19th-century English medical doctors
English medical writers
19th-century English non-fiction writers
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery

Charles Hilton Fagge


Michael John David Westbrook   (born 21 March 1936) is an English jazz pianist, composer, and writer of orchestrated jazz pieces. He is married to the vocalist, librettist and painter Kate Westbrook.

Early work
Mike Westbrook was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, and grew up in Torquay. After a spell in accountancy and his National Service (some of it in Germany) he went to art school, studying painting, in Plymouth. There he also began his first bands in 1958, soon joined by such musicians as John Surman, Lou Gare and Keith Rowe.

After moving to London in 1962, Westbrook led numerous bands, large and small, and played regularly at the Old Place and the Little Theatre Club at Garrick Yard, St Martin's Lane. Together with Chris McGregor's Brotherhood of Breath, Westbrook shared the role of house-band at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club.

He became a key figure in the development of British jazz, producing several big-band records for the Deram label, with the newly formed Mike Westbrook Concert Band, between 1967 and 1969. These featured such musicians as Surman, Mike Osborne and Harry Miller. The band varied in size from 10 to 26 musicians.

In 1968 his band made their international debut at the Montreux Festival with Malcolm Griffiths, Alan Jackson, Harry Miller, Mike Osborne and John Surman.

His music was given exposure on BBC Radio, on the Jazz Club and Jazz Scene programmes on BBC Radio One, and he started to act as a presenter and commentator on new British Jazz through 1968 and 1969. He was featured on BBC TV, when Jazz Scene transferred to the BBC 2 TV service.  The station broadcast The Mike Westbrook Concert Band performing 'Metropolis', based on Westbrook's impressions of first visiting London, on Tuesday 25 November 1969 at 20.45 from the Ronnie Scott Club. The British Arts Council awarded Westbrook a bursary to develop 'Metropolis' for an enlarged Concert Band, and the jazz suite was further broadcast on BBC Radio Three on Friday 9 January 1970 at 21.00. Westbrook's compositions and performances were regularly broadcast by the BBC throughout the 1970s and 1980s. 'Metropolis' was recorded at Landsdowne Studios, London, on 3, 4 and 5 August 1971 and released by on RCA Victor in the UK and Japan. A further major extended orchestral composition, 'Citadel/Room 315', featuring saxophonist John Surman, was recorded in March 1975.

The 1970s saw a wide range of different projects.  Cosmic Circus, jointly founded with John Fox, who was also a composer, specialised in large scale, one-off high technology shows involving high-divers, tight-rope, carnival processions and more. It was part of Earthrise Tour in the UK (May 1970 to October 1971). This included also singer/vocalist Norma Winstone who performed on several of the band's albums at the time.

Adrian Mitchell drew Mike Westbrook in for his musical Tyger on the life of William Blake for the Royal National Theatre. This would become a major influence on Mike Westbrook's work (see paragraph on later work below).

In 1972 and 1973, he also worked in the context of his jazz-rock band Solid Gold Cadillac. The most consequential effect of this was the participation of Phil Minton. His unmistakable voice would feature in many of Westbrook's later projects. A live performance of Solid Gold Cadillac (at the Paris Theatre in London) has been repeatedly broadcast by BBC Radio 6 between 2002 and 2007.

In March 1977, the Mike Westbrook Brass Band, avant-rock group Henry Cow and folk singer Frankie Armstrong merged to form the Orckestra. The ensemble performed in London and several cities in Europe, their last concert being in Bordeaux, France, in May 1978.

Later work
His work for the theatre began with Adrian Mitchell's Tyger, a celebration of William Blake, staged by the Royal National Theatre in 1971. This became a vehicle for his Brass Band of the 1970s and 1980s and the LP The Westbrook Blake – Bright As Fire followed on in 1980. A revised and expanded version of the work was re-recorded in 1997 and named Glad Day. Westbrook recorded the poem "The Human Abstract" in 1982.

The Brass Band also recorded Mama Chicago, described as a "Jazz Cabaret", which featured the voices of Phil Minton and Kate Westbrook. The album was released on CD for the first time in 2007. More recently Mike Westbrook has developed the work further and it now includes an adult choir and on occasion, a children's choir at live performances.

Further works of note include On Duke's Birthday, which was dedicated to the memory of Duke Ellington, which was reissued on CD in the summer of 2007, Big Band Rossini, which was featured in the 1992 BBC Proms, and  (2002), commissioned by BBC Radio 3, which brings together jazz and classical musicians in the New Westbrook Orchestra. Westbrook was awarded an OBE in 1988, and in 2004 the University of Plymouth awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Music.

Other projects include ART WOLF inspired by the life and work of the Alpine painter Caspar Wolf. In this Kate and Mike Westbrook are joined by saxophonists Pete Whyman and Chris Biscoe. In another project the couple have been joined by four leading Devon musicians to form the Village Band. The acoustic brass band perform many jazz standards and an original piece, the Waxeywork Show, with music written by Mike and text by Kate. The band perform mainly in the Devon and Cornwall area and in 2006 they performed several times at the London Jazz Festival.

More recent projects include Fine 'n Yellow, a piece written in celebration of the lives of Margery and John Styles, two friends who were founders of the Westbrook newsletter, The Smith's Academy Informer. The piece was recorded and CD copies were given to subscribers of the newsletter. It has since had a general CD release. Kate and Mike were once again joined by saxophonists Pete Whyman and Chris Biscoe. Steve Berry played bass and Jon Hiseman featured on drums. The piece received its first public performance in a concert that marked Mike Westbrook's 75th birthday at Kings Place in London on 2 April 2011. The musicians at the performance with Kate and Mike Westbrook were Chris Biscoe, Chris Caldwell and Andy Tweed, saxophones; Karen Street, saxophone and accordion; Steve Berry, bass; and Simon Pearson, drums. Another work was premiered at this concert, The Serpent Hit, which used the above musicians but without Steve Berry. The Serpent Hit, like Fine 'n Yellow, has texts by Kate Westbrook and music by Mike Westbrook. Yet another project finds Mike working with some of the finest west country musicians in The Mike Westbrook Big Band. They play a number of Westbrook originals and Mike's arrangements of pieces by Duke Ellington and others.

In 2012, the trio released Three into Wonderfull, an album digitally re-mastered by Jon Hiseman, presenting a cross-section of the group's recordings over three decades as well as previously unreleased material from the mid-1990s.

The Mike Westbrook Big Band, also now known as The Uncommon Orchestra, released an album called A Bigger Show in 2016. Recorded in concert at the Barnfield Theatre (Exeter) by Jon Hiseman and Miles Ashton, it is a reworking of the Waxeywork Show originally performed by The Village Band. The 21-member line-up include long-term Westbrook collaborators such as Dave Holdsworth and Alan Wakeman, as well as younger, rising musicians.

Mike Westbrook was 80 years old in 2016 and as part of the celebrations recorded his first solo piano album for 40 years, entitled PARIS. It was recorded live over two nights at Hélène Aziza's art gallery in Paris by drummer Jon Hiseman.

Discography

Albums
 Celebration (Deram, 1967)
 Release (Deram, 1969) – UK LP has a 1969 publishing date on the label and 1968 on the sleeve, most internet sources suggest 1968 as the year of release.
 Marching Song – Volumes 1 And 2 (Deram, 1969)
 Love Songs (Deram, 1970)
 Metropolis (RCA Neon, 1971)
 Tyger (RCA, 1971)
 Live (Cadillac, 1972)
 Solid Gold Cadillac, Solid Gold Cadillac (RCA, 1972)
 Solid Gold Cadillac, Brain Damage (RCA, 1973)
 Citadel/Room 315 (RCA, 1974)
 For The Record (Transatlantic, 1975)
 Love/Dream and Variations (Transatlantic, 1976)
 Piano (Original, 1978) – rec. 1976–77
 Goose Sauce (Original, 1978)
 Mama Chicago (RCA, 1979)[2CD]
 The Westbrook Blake – Bright As Fire (Original, 1980)
 The Paris Album (Polydor, 1981)[2LP]
 The Cortège (Original, 1983) – rec. 1982
 A Little Westbrook Music (Westbrook, 1983)
 On Duke's Birthday (Hathut, 1985) – live rec. 1984
 Love For Sale (hat ART, 1986)[2LP] – rec. 1985
 Pier Rides with Kate Westbrook, Peter Whyman, Brian Godding (Westbrook, 1986)
 Westbrook-Rossini (hat ART, 1987) – rec. 1986
 London Bridge Is Broken Down with Kate Westbrook (Venture, 1988)[3LP] – rec. 1987
 Off Abbey Road (TipToe, 1990) – rec. 1989
 Westbrook-Rossini, Zürich Live 1986 (hat ART, 1994) – live rec. 1986
 Stage Set with Kate Westbrook (ASC, 1996) – rec. 1995
 Bar Utopia (ASC, 1996)
 Love or Infatuation with Kate Westbrook (ASC, 1997)
 The Orchestra of Smith's Academy (Enja, 1998) – rec. 1992, 1995
 Platterback (PAO, 1999) – rec. 1998
 Glad Day (Settings of William Blake) (Enja, 1999)[2CD] – rec. 1997
 The Ass (Jazzprint, 2001) – rec. 1985
 L'ascenseur: Lift (Jazzprint, 2002)
  with The New Westbrook Orchestra (Enja, 2003)[2CD]
 Art Wolf with Kate Westbrook (Altrisuoni, 2005) – rec. 2004
 Waxeywork Show with The Village Band (Jazzprint, 2007)
 Allsorts (ASC, 2009) – compilation
 Fine 'n' Yellow with Kate Westbrook (Gonzo Multimedia, 2010) – rec. 2009
 Mama Chicago (Gonzo Multimedia, 2010)[DVD-Video] – rec. 1981
 Three Into Wonderfull (Voiceprint, 2012) – compilation
 The Serpent Hit with Kate Westbrook (Westbrook, 2013)
 Glad Day – Live (Westbrook, 2014)[DVD-Video + CD] – live
 A Bigger Show (ASC, 2016)[2CD] – live rec. 2015
 PARIS (ASC, 2016)
 Starcross Bridge (hatology, 2017)
 Last Night At The Old Place (Cadillac, 2018)
 Catania (Westbrook, 2019)
 Love and Understanding: Citadel/Room 315 Sweden '74 (My Only Desire, 2020)[2LP/CD] – live rec. 1974
 London Bridge Live in Zurich 1990 (Westbrook, 2022) – live rec. 1990

Singles
 "A Life of Its Own" (1969)
 "The Human Abstract" (1982) (Original Records: ABO 8)

Bibliography
Ian Carr, Music Outside: Contemporary Jazz in Britain, 2nd edn. London: Northway Publications, 2008,

See also
 Cadillac (record label)
 List of experimental big bands

References

External links

 WestbrookJazz – Mike Westbrook's official site
 WestbrookJazz.de – Mike Westbrook's main discography site

1936 births
Progressive big band bandleaders
English jazz composers
Male jazz composers
English male composers
Living people
English jazz pianists
Avant-garde jazz pianists
British male pianists
21st-century British pianists
21st-century British male musicians
Solid Gold Cadillac members
The Orckestra members
Officers of the Order of the British Empire

Mike Westbrook


Money Train is a 1995 American action comedy film directed by Joseph Ruben from the screenplay by Doug Richardson and David Loughery. It stars Woody Harrelson, Wesley Snipes and Jennifer Lopez, with Robert Blake and Chris Cooper in supporting roles.

Plot
Foster brothers John and Charlie Robinson are  transit cops patrolling the New York City Subway. On Christmas, they chase two muggers into a subway tunnel. Nearby trains are halted, but transit captain Donald Patterson allows the money train – hauling subway revenue – to continue. One of the teenage muggers is gunned down and killed by transit cops guarding the money train, triggering a brawl between them and the brothers. Patterson blames John and Charlie for delaying the money train.

Charlie asks John for money to buy a Christmas present, but instead uses it to pay off gambling debts to mobster Mr. Brown, only to get even more into debt when Brown intends to have his men throw Charlie off a building, until John intervenes. Revealing Charlie is $15,000 in debt, John at first decides to let them drop him,  yet after a brief conversation Mr. Brown accepts John's promise to deliver the money in a few days.

John and Charlie both take a liking to Grace Santiago, an attractive newly assigned decoy transit officer. When a serial killer known as the Torch robs a token booth and sets it on fire at risk of killing the booth attendant, John and Charlie rescue the attendant and put out the fire, but Torch escapes and knocks out Grace.

John rejects Charlie's plan to rob the money train to pay off the debt. When they and Grace are assigned to patrol the money train, Charlie discovers a grate in the train's floor and a maintenance ladder leading to Central Park. A brawl breaks out between John and another officer, quickly involving the entire squad. Again blaming the brothers and accusing them of taking some of the money, Patterson continues to berate them even after realizing a collection agent miscounted. Charlie tells John the best time to rob the money train would be New Year's Eve, due to less security and the year's highest proceeds: up to $4,000,000 that night.

John gives Charlie $15,000 to pay back Mr. Brown, but while on the train, Charlie is pickpocketed by an old lady and then beaten by Brown's men as punishment. John is visited by Grace, having both realized their mutual attraction to each other and the two have sex. Returning home, stopping by John's apartment, he is saddened to spot Grace and John sleeping together and walks away, with John feeling remorse for hurting Charlie (as well as disappointment after Charlie tells him he lost the money).

In a sting operation to apprehend Torch, Grace is disguised as a token booth attendant. Realizing the trap, Torch distracts police by pushing a man in front of a moving train, killing him. Torch sprays gasoline on Grace, but before he can light it, Charlie alerts the other officers, who open fire. John pursues the killer into another station, where they fight. Torch is burned by his gasoline and killed by an approaching train. Patterson fires Charlie for ruining the ambush; trying to defend Charlie, John is fired as well, leading to the brothers having a major falling out.

On New Year's Eve, John storms into Mr. Brown's strip club, after hearing about Charlie and defeats the mobsters using his martial arts skills, threatening Brown if anything happens to Charlie, knocking him out with a 360-degree kick into a glass enclosure.

Grace persuades John to intervene in Charlie's robbery. Charlie enters the money train from beneath, throws out the driver and drives it to the ladder, but is unable to escape with the money due to the presence of a group of NYPD Mounted cops. Reaching the train, John persuades Charlie to drive further to avoid arrest, and they disable the brakes to prevent Patterson activating them remotely. Patterson deploys a steel barricade, but John and Charlie accidentally increase the train's maximum speed and smash through the barricade. Transit control officer Kowalski declares the money train a runaway and starts clearing tracks, but Patterson diverts the train onto a track occupied by a passenger train, a 1220, to prevent its riders' escape, and does not tell the driver about the money train. When Charlie tries to steal the money, John attempts to stop him from doing so, leading to a brawl between the brothers. Eventually, the two stop fighting when Charlie saves John from falling off the train. The money train slams into the rear of the passenger train and slows down, but speeds up again, continuing to ram it with the increasing risk of derailing it and killing everyone on board, including the driver.

With no brakes and the throttle jammed, the brothers decide to throw the train into reverse to save the passenger train. Charlie positions an iron bar to trip the reverse lever, and the brothers climb on top of the train. The money train rams into 1220 again, activating the reverse lever, putting it into reverse position and the brothers jump across to the 1220 train as the money train derails, to the horror of Patterson, who is waiting at the next station with the officers.

When arriving, the brothers try to escape but are spotted by Patterson, who interrogates them. Fed up with his abuse, they both punch him in the face after he spits at John. As Patterson shouts out for their arrest, he is arrested himself by Grace for endangering the passengers' lives, much to the brothers amazement. The brothers then exit onto Times Square just as the New Year countdown begins and ends, ringing in 1996. During the celebration, John realizes Charlie has a bag with over $500,000, much to his dismay. The film closes with the brothers walking off into the distance arguing over the money while the credits roll.

Cast

 Wesley Snipes as Officer John Robinson
 Woody Harrelson as Officer Charlie Robinson
 Jennifer Lopez as Officer Grace Santiago
 Robert Blake as Captain Donald Patterson
 Chris Cooper as Terry "The Torch" Edwards
 Joe Grifasi as Riley
 Scott Sowers as Mr. Brown
 Skipp Sudduth as Kowalski
 Enrico Colantoni as Dooley

Production

Snipes and Harrelson had appeared together in the 1992 hit White Men Can't Jump and prior to that, the 1986 comedy Wildcats. They were both paid $5.5 million to star in Money Train.

The subway car used as the money train in the film is a modified R21 subway car. The rolling stock was modified by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and film crew into an imposing subway train covered in silver armor plating and equipped with flashing orange lights and sliding barred doors, like those on a jail cell. After production, the car was donated to the New York Transit Museum, and is currently stored at the Coney Island Complex as of February 2010. Other cars were used as props in the movie.

Four additional R30s were used for filming on New York City Subway property, including for the crash between the money train and the 1220 Coney Island. These four cars were 8463, 8510, 8558, and 8569.

The actual money train resembled a normal maintenance train painted yellow with black diagonal stripes. The New York City subway system retired its money trains in 2006, as the introduction of the MetroCard and computerized vending machines that allowed fare payment by credit card have dramatically reduced the number of coins stored in subway stations. Two money train cars were later sent to the New York Transit Museum.

Music
The original music score by Mark Mancina was released in March 2011 by La-La Land Records as a limited edition of 3000 copies. The album features approximately 41 minutes of music across 17 tracks. Additional music was composed by John Van Tongeren. The movie also includes a cover of the 1966 song 'The Train Is Coming' by Ken Boothe, sung by Boothe and Shaggy, sung over the end credits, which was released as a single at the time of the movie's release.

Reception

Box office
The film took in $35.4 million at the North American box office, including $10.6 million on its opening weekend. In 2005, USA Today characterized it as a "bomb".

Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 22% of 32 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 4.3/10. The site's consensus states: "Loud, incoherent, and aimless, Money Train reunites Snipes and Harrelson -- and proves that starring duos are far from immune to the law of diminishing returns." Brian Lowry of Variety wrote that it "bounces along with a lame script and inconsistent pace". Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, "More viscerally charged than Speed and hipper than Die Hard With a Vengeance, the movie is a careening, screeching joyride that showers sparks like fireworks." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Examiner called it "a cut above the usual" buddy cop film due to the stars' chemistry and its well-crafted action scenes. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described it as "a by-the-numbers action-buddy picture" that is "an acceptable if undemanding venture". Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly rated it D+ and called it "a big, noisy headache of a movie." Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called it a feeble and clichéd buddy film.

Filmink said the film "exemplifies bloated dumb '90s action. J Lo is good though."

In addition to its poor reviews, the film was vilified for its portrayal of 'The Torch' robbing a ticket booth by running a rubber tube around the bulletproof partition and dousing the attendant with an unknown flammable liquid, then threatening to set them on fire. This crime was repeated in real life after the film's release, although police did not think the similar crime was related to the film. Nevertheless, many people, including Bob Dole, called for a boycott of the film.

See also
 Kingston–Throop Avenues (IND Fulton Street Line)

References

External links

1995 films
1995 action comedy films
1990s buddy comedy films
1990s buddy cop films
1990s crime comedy films
1990s heist films
American action comedy films
American buddy comedy films
American buddy cop films
American crime comedy films
American heist films
American police detective films
African-American comedy films
Columbia Pictures films
Films set around New Year
Films set on the New York City Subway
Films directed by Joseph Ruben
Films produced by Jon Peters
Films scored by Mark Mancina
Films with screenplays by David Loughery
Kung fu films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Films about train robbery
English-language action comedy films

Money Train


Dawan Frank Landry (born December 30, 1982) is a former American football strong safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens. He played college football at Georgia Tech.

College career
While at Georgia Tech, he majored in Management.  Dawan was a quarterback at Hahnville High School; he originally was redshirted to play quarterback in college but changed positions.  Dawan, in four years, had 250 tackles, 12.5 tackles for loss, 7 interceptions, and four fumble recoveries.  The most notable performance of Dawan's career was against Auburn in 2005 when he accumulated 10 tackles and an interception to help defeat the Tigers at Jordan–Hare Stadium 24-13.

Professional career

Baltimore Ravens
The Baltimore Ravens selected Landry in the fifth round (146th overall) in the 2006 NFL Draft. Landry was the 14th safety drafted in 2006.

On July 21, 2006, the Baltimore Ravens signed Landry to a three-year, $1.20 million contract that included a signing bonus of $129,000.

Throughout training camp, Landry competed to be the starting free safety against Gerome Sapp, Jamaine Winborne, B.J. Ward, and Robb Butler. Head coach Brian Billick opted to move Ed Reed to free safety and named Landry the starting strong safety to begin the regular season.
Dawan's rookie season for the Baltimore Ravens saw him earn a starting spot in the defensive secondary alongside fellow safety Ed Reed. Dawan had a stellar rookie season, standing out on the league's #1 ranked Defense by collecting 69 tackles, 3 sacks, 6 passes defensed, and 5 interceptions for 101 yards and one touchdown.

 Landry's season earned him one vote for AP Defensive Rookie of the Year, making him only one of seven players to earn a vote. In January, 2007, Landry was voted to the Pro Football Weekly PFWA All-Rookie Team as a starting defensive safety as well as Rick Gosselin's All-Rookie team as featured in The Dallas Morning News.

In his second season with the Ravens, 2007, he finished the campaign with 82 tackles, 1 sack, and 6 passes defensed, having the third most tackles on the defense, behind Bart Scott and Ray Lewis.

His third season in 2008 got off to a promising start, recording 11 tackles in the first two games of the season. However, in the second game, against the Cleveland Browns, he suffered what could have been a career-ending spinal concussion injury, tackling former Baltimore Raven Jamal Lewis. He was later judged to be okay, but his season was ended, as he was replaced by backup Jim Leonhard. He would miss out, as the Ravens would go on to advance to the AFC Championship.

In the 2009 offseason, he got himself back in game shape, and was read to take back his starting job. By all accounts, he enjoyed a successful comeback, posting career highs in tackles with 89, and passes defensed with 8. He also led the team in interceptions with four, returning one for a 48-yard touchdown against the Cleveland Browns, avenging his injury.

He continued his impressive play in 2010, recording 111 tackles, along with one sack and a forced fumble. In a game against the Carolina Panthers, fellow safety Ed Reed caught an interception, which he then lateraled to Landry, with Dawan taking it 23 yards for the go-ahead touchdown. Not only did he top his season best tackle count, with 111, but in the last two seasons he was second on the team in tackles, behind only Ray Lewis.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Landry agreed to terms on a five-year contract with the Jacksonville Jaguars on July 29, 2011. He finished his first season as a Jaguar with 97 tackles, two interceptions, one forced fumble, and half a sack. On November 16, 2012, Landry was fined $10,000 for a late hit against the Indianapolis Colts in Week 10.

On March 8, 2013, Landry was released by the Jaguars.

New York Jets
The New York Jets signed Landry on April 9, 2013.

Personal life
Landry from Ama, Louisiana, is the older brother of former LSU All-American safety LaRon Landry, who was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft.

References

External links

 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets bio
 New York Jets bio

1982 births
Living people
People from Ama, Louisiana
Sportspeople from St. Charles Parish, Louisiana
American football safeties
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football players
Baltimore Ravens players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
New York Jets players
African-American players of American football
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

Dawan Landry


Charles E. Scripps (January 27, 1920 – February 3, 2007) was chairman of the board of the E. W. Scripps Company, a media conglomerate founded by his grandfather, Edward W. Scripps. Under his leadership the company was transformed from a family-owned newspaper publisher into a major publicly traded media company with major cable television operations.

Charles Scripps was born to Robert Paine Scripps and Margaret Culbertson Scripps on January 27, 1920, in San Diego. He attended The College of William and Mary in Virginia and Pomona College in California.

He began his newspaper career before World War II as a police and courts reporter at The Cleveland Press, the first newspaper his grandfather founded (in 1878).

In the mid-1980s Scripps became an advocate for promotion of literacy. In 1986, the Scripps Howard Foundation created an annual award in his name to honor literacy efforts by newspapers and broadcast stations.

Ohio University awarded him an honorary doctor of communications degree in 1983, recognizing his contributions to communications and his "championship of press freedom worldwide."

External links
 Charles Scripps Dies, Forbes magazine, February 9, 2007.
 Cincinnati USA Regional Chamber, Great Living Cincinnatians: Charles E. Scripps, 2003. (Accessed July 1, 2007)
 E.W. Scripps Co., Charles E. Scripps Dies at 87 (news release), February 3, 2007.

1920 births
2007 deaths
American newspaper publishers (people)
American mass media owners
Businesspeople from San Diego
Pomona College alumni
E. W. Scripps Company people
20th-century American businesspeople

Charles Scripps


I  is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet.

I or i may also refer to:

Language
 I (pronoun), the first-person singular subject pronoun in English
 I (Cyrillic), a letter used in almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets
 ı, dotless I, letter used in Turkish and Azerbaijani
 i, close front unrounded vowel, in the International Phonetic Alphabet
 ɨ, close central unrounded vowel, in the International Phonetic Alphabet
 ɪ, near-close near-front unrounded vowel, in the International Phonetic Alphabet
 I (kana), one of the Japanese kana that each represent one mora
 I, male prefix to some Balinese names

Science, technology, and mathematics

Biology
 Troponin I, one of the three troponins
 Haplogroup I (mtDNA), a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup
 Haplogroup I (Y-DNA), a Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup
 Olfactory nerve, the 1st cranial nerve in human anatomy
 the Lợn Ỉ or Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig

Chemistry
 Iodine, symbol I, a chemical element
 I, isoleucine, an amino acid
 I, ionic strength in a chemical solution
 , Van 't Hoff factor

Computing
 i, a common generic index variable often used in program loops
 <i>, an HTML element for marking italic type
 .i, the common filename extension for a file that contains the output from a preprocessor
 i-, a prefix for Apple products e.g. iMac, iPod, iPhone
 i-, an Internet-related prefix used by Internet and electronic companies

Mathematics
 I, the Roman numeral for 1
 , imaginary unit, for which
  or , identity matrix of indeterminate size (or of size )
 , unit interval, which contains all real numbers from 0 to 1 inclusive
 , an index variable, e. g. in a matrix or for summation
 , the regularized incomplete beta function (of a variable  and parameters )
 , the unit vector along the x-axis in Cartesian coordinates

Physics and astronomy
  , , electric current
  , isospin
  , luminous intensity
  , moment of inertia
  , orbital inclination
 I (Roman number one), in the Yerkes spectral classification scheme, the symbol for supergiants

Telecommunication

 I band (NATO), the range of radio frequencies from 8 GHz to 10 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum
 I, the ITU prefix allocated to Italy in radio communication
 I, in QAM modulation schemes, the in-phase communications channel

Other uses in technology

 i, a suffix unit for video resolution (vertical Interlaced lines), as in 480i or 1080i
 I, in the YIQ colorspace commonly used with the NTSC television encoding scheme, the color-difference channel which is in-phase with the subcarrier

Arts and media

Music
 I (band), a Norwegian heavy metal band
 I, a diatonic function in tonal music theory

Albums
 i (A.R. Kane album), 1989
 I (Ben Lester album), 2019
 I (Cilvaringz album), 2007
 I (Cursed album), 2003
 I (Die Krupps album), 1992
 I (Felix Jaehn album), 2018
 I (Ikimono-gakari album), 2013
 I (Imminence album), 2014
 I (Jaejoong EP), 2013
 I (JonnyX and the Groadies album), 2005
 I (Juju album), 2018
 I (Kingston Wall album), 1992
 I (Kurt Nilsen album), 2003
 i (The Magnetic Fields album), 2004
 I (Meshuggah EP), 2004
 i (Misako Odani album), 1997
 I (Nightingale album), 2000
 I (Sahg album), 2006
 I (Taeyeon EP), 2015
 I (Xerath album), 2009
 I (soundtrack), by A. R. Rahman from the eponymous 2015 film

Songs
 "i" (Kendrick Lamar song), a 2014 song by Kendrick Lamar from his album To Pimp a Butterfly
 "i" (Lil Skies song), a song 2019 by Lil Skies from his debut album Shelby
 "I" (Taproot song), a 2001 song by band Taproot from their album Gift
 "I (Who Have Nothing)", a 1966 Ben. E. King song also recorded by Tom Jones, who used the title for one of his albums
 "I", a 2003 song on Weather Systems, an album by Andrew Bird
 "I", a 1992 song on Selected Ambient Works 85–92, an album by Aphex Twin
 "I", a 1992 song on Dehumanizer, an album by Black Sabbath
 "I", a 1997 song on Coal Chamber, an album by Coal Chamber
 "I", a 1967 song on Underground, an album by The Electric Prunes
 "I", a 2012 song on Muse, an album by Jolin Tsai
 "I", a 1981 song on Music from "The Elder", an album by Kiss
 "I", a 1994 song on Made in USA, an album by Pizzicato Five
 "I", a 1999 song on Eternal, an album by Samael
 "I", a 2003 song on Winter Story, an album by Shinhwa
 "I", a 2011 song on Cinderella's Eyes, an album by Nicola Roberts
 "I", a 2015 song on I, an EP by Taeyeon
 "I", a 2016 song by Rezz
 "I", a 2019 song by Hey! Say! JUMP

Other media
 I (2015 film), an Indian Tamil-language film
 I (2016 film), an Iranian film
 i (TV network), the former name of ION Television
 i (newspaper), a British newspaper based in London
 i (Portuguese newspaper), a Portuguese newspaper based in Lisbon
 I, a character in the comic book series Adventure into Fear
 "I" Is for Innocent, the ninth novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet mystery" series, published in 1992
 I, a Man, a 1967 Andy Warhol film

Mythology
 Goddess I, a Mayan deity
 Hou-i, or I, a heroic archer and hunter in Chinese mythology

Vehicles and transportation
 Italy (I), in the list of international vehicle registration codes
 Italy (aircraft registration prefix)
 Mitsubishi i, a Japanese kei car
 I (Los Angeles Railway), a former streetcar line in Los Angeles
 Toei Mita Line, a subway service operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei), labeled
 Imazatosuji Line, a subway service operated by the Osaka Metro, labeled
 , the official West Japan Railway Company service symbol for the Kakogawa Line.

Other uses
 i, an international symbol for visitor or tourist information; see ISO 7001
 Nintendo DSi, the third model in the Nintendo DS line, released in 2008
 Nintendo DSi XL, the larger version of the DSi, released in 2009
 I, an alternative romanization of Lee (Korean surname)
 I-Foundation, a charity in charge of state-funded Hindu faith schools in the United Kingdom
 Interest rate (i), in economics
 Investment (I), in economics
 India, the military time zone code for UTC+09:00

See also

 1 (disambiguation)
 l (disambiguation)
 Eye (disambiguation)
 Self

I (disambiguation)


The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is a women's professional volleyball league in the Philippines organized by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The league began in 2004 as the Shakey's V-League, a women's collegiate league. Since 2011, the league became open to participation of corporate clubs and other non-collegiate teams.

The Spikers' Turf is the men's counterpart of the league.

History

Shakey's V-League (2004–2016)

The Premier Volleyball League was established in 2004 as the Shakey's V-League by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. led by Jun Bernardino, Ricky Palou, Moying Martelino, and Rhea Navarro who were businessmen previously known for being men's basketball patrons. The Shakey's V-League was initially an inter-collegiate women's league with teams from the UAAP, NCAA, CESAFI among others playing in the league. The league's establishment was in cooperation with Shakey's Pizza (Philippines) which was the league's title sponsor until 2016. Prior to the league's establishment, the sport was in a state of stagnation since the 1990s with the highest level of volleyball being the women's collegiate tournament of the Metro Manila-based UAAP.

Among the unique rules implemented by the league upon its founding was allowing the collegiate and corporate managed teams to have maximum of two reinforcements - termed as "guest players" - on their roster. These guest players have ranged from alumni of their alma mater, other varsity graduates, high school recruits who use the ongoing tournament as preparation for the upcoming collegiate season and foreign imports (with the most notable being Jaroensri Buale]). Prior to 2011, guest players for colleges were eligible in both conferences (tournaments) held during the year - they were henceforth limited to the Open or Reinforced conferences until such format was succeeded by the one foreign reinforcement per team in 2016 (as "imports").

The UST Golden Tigresses won the inaugural V-League championship in 2004 defeating the DLSU Lady Archers. But the DLSU won the next three conferences, defeating UST in both conferences of Season 2 and the SSC-R Lady Stags in Season 3, sweeping both in the Finals of the three conferences.

The UST Tigresses returned to the League in 2007, after missing Season 3, winning both conferences of Season 4 by defeating the SSC-R Lady Stags in both finals series.

Year 2008 saw the crowning of two other schools aside from UST and DLSU. Adamson University won the championship in the first conference of Season 5 defeating the Ateneo Lady Eagles while San Sebastian College-Recoletos Lady Stags won the second conference of season 5 by sweeping the two comebacking champion teams: DLSU Lady Archers in the semifinals and UST Tigresses in the finals.

However, the Tigresses made history via a "three-peat" winning their fourth, fifth and sixth championships by sweeping both conferences of Season 6 by defeating SSC-R and Adamson, respectively in both championship series, and again winning the first conference of Season 7 by beating SSC-R for the fourth time in the finals. It was the battle for silver of the last two conferences when Adamson University faced the Lady Stags of SSC-R in the finals of the 2nd Conference Season 7. Adamson won its second V-League crown after defeating San Sebastian 2–1 in their Finals series.

In the 1st Conference Season 8, the Ateneo Lady Eagles won their first Shakey's V-League crown by thumping defending champions Adamson in the Finals. The 2nd Conference of Season 8 was renamed the Shakey's V-League Open Conference as it was opened to non-school teams. Four non-school teams joined the tournament, namely, the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy, Philippine Air Force and Maynilad. The Philippine Army won their first Shakey's V-League championship. Season 8-Open Conference, Shakey's V-League will also aired on GMA Life TV, GMA News TV and GMA Pinoy TV for the international viewers.

The Shakey's V-League welcomed the participation of corporate and non-collegiate teams starting 2011.

Season 9 was locally aired by the AKTV bloc on IBC13 and the Hyper channel.

Beginning its 10th Season, Shakey's V-League's new broadcasting partner was GMA News TV. Matches were aired at 1PM to 3PM during weekdays, and 12:45PM to 2:30PM during Saturdays. On May 26, 2013, Shakey's V-League held its first live TV coverage via GMA News TV. It is also announced that the Game 3 matches, both for Championship and the Battle for 3rd will be aired live on GMA News TV on June 2, 2013. In Season 10 Open Conference, Cagayan Valley made history as the Lady Rising Suns scored a 16–0 sweep en route to the team's first V-League title with a 2–0 series win over Smart-Maynilad Net Spikers.

On October 2, 2014, it was reported that a men's division will be included in its 21st conference with four teams.

On May 24, 2016, it was officially announced that Shakey's V-League will be aired on S+A Channel 23 following an agreement between Sports Vision, Shakey's and ABS-CBN Sports.

Premier Volleyball League (2017–2020)
The Shakey's V-League changed its name to the Premier Volleyball League (PVL) starting the 2017 season. The Spikers' Turf, which was spun-off from the league in 2015, was merged back to the PVL and was rebranded as the PVL's men's division. The renaming was part of a bid to secure more sponsorship for the league. There was a plan to rename the league to the Philippine Volleyball League instead but this was abandoned due to another entity already owning the name. The order of its conference was also changed with the league beginning with the import-laden Reinforced Conference and the Open Conference being held close to the start of the UAAP and NCAA tournaments which is usually held near the year's end. Prior to this, the Open Conference was traditionally held earlier.

The PVL men's division ended with the 2018 PVL Collegiate Conference as its final tournament. The men's division reverted to the Spikers' Turf. The first tournament since the revert was the Open Conference in October 2018.

The 2020 season was indefinitely postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and there were plans to start the season with the Open Conference instead of the Reinforced Conference in September 2020 due to logistics issue of flying in imports for the latter.

Professional status and hiatus (2020)
In October 2020, the Philippines' Games and Amusements Board (GAB) issued a directive that players compensated for non-national team play would be considered as professionals, as well as all sporting events organized for profit. This has raised concerns regarding the status of leagues such as the PVL and its rival league, the Philippine Super Liga (PSL). The PVL in particular was concerned over the financial aspects of operating as a professional league.

In November 2020, the PVL announced that the league would turn professional starting with the 2021 season, believing it has enough women players to make the move. The league was already considering move for some time due to the collegiate league UAAP deciding to bar its rookies from playing in commercial leagues starting its UAAP Season 81 (2018-19) in anticipation that all college players would not be allowed to play in the PVL eventually. Prior to the league's professionalization, the PVL was considered as semi-professional and thus, its affairs were not supervised or regulated by the GAB. Six PVL teams—BaliPure, Banko Perlas, Choco Mucho, Creamline, Motolite, and Petro Gazz—agreed to the move of the PVL turning professional.

A new separate league, to be called the V-League, will be formed to accommodate collegiate and amateur teams which could no longer participate in the PVL due to the league's professionalization. Prior to its professionalization, the PVL hosted a collegiate conference.

Return of the PVL and Further Expansion (2021–present)
Prior to the start of the 2021 season, five PSL teams—Chery Tiggo, Cignal HD, F2 Logistics, PLDT, and Sta. Lucia—joined the PVL, which rendered the PVL a "unified" professional league, leaving the PSL with only three inactive member teams.

In 2022, a plan to announce a rookie draft system to the PVL was revealed, which would have meant that teams will no longer be allowed to directly hire players like they did in the past. PVL President Ricky Palou said in an interview on One News' The Big Story that he enumerated the propositions set to improve the league, including a draft system and guidelines on trading players in 2023.

The PVL returns in 2021 with the organization of the 2021 Premier Volleyball League Open Conference staged in a bubble set-up. The recurrence of an entire season began the following year. In October 2022, PVL announced the use of video challenge system for the first time in the return of the Reinforced Conference after three years. Sports Vision relaunched its collegiate competitions as the V-League with twelve men's teams and eight women's teams.

The 2023 season, saw the rebranding of the Open Conference as the All-Filipino Conference to better reflect the fact that only Filipino players could compete in said conference. After the All-Filipino Conference, the league saw the addition of two new teams in Farm Fresh Foxies and Quezon City Gerflor Defenders, and the reappearance of Foton Tornadoes in the Filipino volleyball scene. With the inclusion of three new teams comes with the skipping of Philippine Army Lady Troopers from joining the league due to military training to most of its players.

Teams

Result summary

Women's division

Men's division

Champions

Women's division

Corporate

Collegiate

Men's division

Awardees

Below is the table for the most awarded players in the league's history (2017–present):

Notable records

Below is the table for the notable records of the league during its history (2017–present):

Playing venues

The Premier Volleyball League (as well as its predecessor) does not use a "home-and-away" format since most teams are managed by corporations. Games are presently held at the Filoil EcoOil Centre in San Juan, PhilSports Arena in Pasig, Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, and SM Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay. Aside from the regular venues, the PVL are holding games outside of Metro Manila, known as the "PVL on Tour" since its first season.

During the 2021 season, the league held its first season as a professional league at PCV Socio-Civic & Cultural Center in Bacarra, Ilocos Norte. This was held in an isolation zone (bubble) setup due to the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. And in the 2022 Open, the preliminary round games were held in Paco Arena in Manila in the same bubble format as the last conference. Starting from the playoffs of the said conference, the league officially started reaccepting live audiences to watch the games.

See also
Beach Volleyball Republic
Home and Away League-Philippines
NCAA Volleyball Championship (Philippines)
Philippine Super Liga
Shakey's Super League
Shakey's V-League
Spikers' Turf
UAAP Volleyball Championship
V-League (Philippines)

References

External links
 pvl.ph

College women's volleyball in the Philippines
Shakey's V-League
Volleyball competitions in the Philippines
Sports leagues established in 2004
2004 establishments in the Philippines
Philippines
College women's volleyball tournaments in the Philippines
Professional sports leagues in the Philippines

Premier Volleyball League


Osvaldo Bagnoli (born 3 July 1935) is an Italian former football coach and player who played as a midfielder.

Playing career
Born in the Bovisa district of Milan, Bagnoli began his professional career as a midfielder with his hometown club A.C. Milan in 1955. Although he struggled to break into the starting line-up, due to the presence of several talented players in the first team, he was able to make his top flight debut with the club in his first season and subsequently won both the Serie A title and the Latin Cup during the 1956–57 season. He later joined Verona in 1957, where he became an important figure with the club. In his first season he scored 3 goals in 23 appearances, although he was unable to prevent the club's relegation to Serie B. In the following three seasons however, he excelled, scoring 25 goals in 74 appearances in Serie B. He later had two separate season long spells with Udinese, which were separated by two three seasons stints at Catanzaro and SPAL respectively. He ended his career in 1973, with Serie C side Verbania.

Managerial career
During his long and illustrious coaching career, Bagnoli is best remembered for being the manager which led an underdog Verona side to its first (and so far the only) Serie A title during the 1984–85 season; Bagnoli was in charge of a team which featured several promising players who had been unable to fulfil their potential until then, such as Pietro Fanna, Roberto Tricella, and Antonio Di Gennaro, but who later played a key role in the club's league title success as they matured. Bagnoli was the club's head coach from 1981 until 1990; in addition to winning the league title in 1985, during his time with the club, he helped Verona obtain promotion to Serie A in his first season, winning the 1981–82 Serie B title, and the following season, he led Verona to a fourth-place finish in the league and the Coppa Italia final, qualifying for the UEFA Cup. He left the club after they were relegated to Serie B once again at the end of the 1989–90 season.

Prior to coaching Verona, Bagnoli also managed Solbiatese, Como, Rimini, and Fano, helping the latter side to obtain promotion to Serie C1 during the 1978–79 season after capturing the Serie C2 title.

He later also coached a number of other Serie A teams throughout his career, including Genoa and Inter Milan: in the 1990–91 season, Bagnoli took Genoa to fourth place in the final league standings in his first year in charge; it was the team's best finishing position in the top Italian division for more than 50 years. The following season, he helped Genoa to the UEFA Cup semifinals, only to lose out to the eventual champions Ajax. He later helped Inter to a second-place finish in the league during the 1992–93 season; Bagnoli's second season at the club was less successful, however, and Inter's poor results in the league eventually led to his dismissal, after which he retired.

After retirement
On 20 January 2018, Bagnoli was named Hellas Verona's honorary president.

Style of play
Bagnoli was a versatile midfielder who was capable of playing in several roles, and throughout his career he was deployed as a central midfielder (in the mezzala role), as an attacking midfielder, as a right winger, and even as a defensive midfielder, or as an inside forward. His main traits were his good technique, tactical intelligence, ball-winning abilities, and eye for goal from midfield, courtesy of his powerful striking ability from distance. In his final seasons with Verbania, he was also deployed as a sweeper.

Style of management
A meticulous and tactically intelligent coach, Bagnoli usually applied the catenaccio system with his teams – in particular during his time at Verona – although he also employed zona mista tactics when defending, a cross between the man-marking and zonal marking systems; his defenders were usually required to contain their opponents in positions further away from the goal. His midfielders were often asked to press their opponents aggressively off the ball, while when in possession, he either asked his players to slow down the play and keep the ball, or hit his opponents quickly and suddenly on the counter-attack, making use of long balls out to his wingers and full-backs in order to stretch his opponents and create space for the forwards. He usually employed a sweeper in his teams, who was also required either to play or carry the ball out from the back after winning back possession and function as a deep-lying playmaker until his teammates were back in position; he also used an advanced playmaker behind the team's two forwards, who was in charge of implementing the side's set plays with his quick passing, as well as playing balls out to the wingers or attacking full-backs, or creating chances for the strikers. At Verona, Pietro Fanna was also required to play an important role on the wing under Bagnoli, who utilised the winger's technical skills, speed, and intelligent movement to help the team push forward quickly on the break; in this role, Fanna was also known for his ability to hold up the ball in order to create space for teammates and full-backs making overlapping attacking runs, functioning as a playmaker himself on the flank at times. Bagnoli usually attempted to field his players in a system which best suited their technical and tactical characteristics, and often felt that they should be given the freedom to express their individual skills in their most appropriate position. Furthermore, he preferred to work with a small group of players for his starting eleven, avoiding turnovers as much as possible. In spite of his friendly and reserved character, and reputation as a man of few words, he was known to be an excellent motivator and communicated well with his players, often looking to collaborate with them in implementing his ideas. Usually his teams were known for starting off slowly and then finishing seasons strongly, after Bagnoli was able to perfect his systems throughout the season through gradual modifications. Regarding Bagnoli, Italy's 1982 World Cup-winning manager Enzo Bearzot commented that he saw his own system in Verona's formation. Bagnoli's success with Verona later earned him the nickname "il mago della Bovisa" (the wizard from Bovisa).

Honours

Player
Milan
 Serie A: 1956–57
 Latin Cup: 1956

Manager
Fano
 Serie C2: 1978–79

Hellas Verona
 Serie A: 1984–85
 Serie B: 1981–82

Individual
 Seminatore d'oro: 1984
 Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2017

References

Living people
1935 births
Italian men's footballers
Footballers from Milan
Men's association football midfielders
Serie A players
Serie B players
AC Milan players
Hellas Verona FC players
Udinese Calcio players
US Catanzaro 1929 players
SPAL players
SS Verbania Calcio players
Italian football managers
Serie A managers
Serie B managers
Serie C managers
ASD SolbiaSommese Calcio managers
Como 1907 managers
Rimini FC 1912 managers
Alma Juventus Fano 1906 managers
AC Cesena managers
Hellas Verona FC managers
Genoa CFC managers
Inter Milan managers

Osvaldo Bagnoli


Stephen James Susdorf (born March 28, 1986), is an American former professional baseball outfielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies briefly, in . He batted and threw left-handed.

Career

Minor League career
Susdorf was drafted in the 27th round of the 2007 MLB draft by the Detroit Tigers, but he did not sign, instead returning to Fresno State for his senior season. The 2008 Fresno State Bulldogs won the College World Series, and Susdorf was drafted in the 19th round of the 2008 MLB draft by the Philadelphia Phillies. Susdorf was assigned to Short Season Williamsport, but also played 2 games for Single-A Lakewood. In 50 total games, he hit .295 with 5 HR and 35 RBI.

Susdorf began 2009 with Lakewood, but after about a month, he was promoted to A-Advanced Clearwater. After a month and a half with Clearwater, he was promoted to the Double-A Reading Phillies. In 85 total games, he hit .324 with 7 HR and 44 RBI. After the season, Susdorf played with the Scottsdale Scorpions of the Arizona Fall League.

Susdorf spent 2010 with Clearwater, where in 128 games, he hit .278 with 11 HR and 77 RBI. Susdorf began the 2011 season with Reading, but his season came to a close at the end of July, after he dislocated his left shoulder and later required surgery to repair his right knee while trying to beat a grounder. Susdorf began the 2012 season with Reading, but was promoted to Triple-A Lehigh Valley in mid-May. In 117 total games, he hit .286 with 2 HR and 41 RBI.

Susdorf began the 2013 season with Lehigh Valley, but after 70 games, he was promoted to Philadelphia. At the time, he was hitting .335 with 1 HR and 25 RBI and 8 SB.

Major League career

Philadelphia Phillies
On July 25, 2013, Susdorf was called up by the Phillies to replace Domonic Brown, who was placed on the 7-day disabled list with a concussion. He made his major league debut that day as a pinch-hitter, grounding into a double play. His first hit, a double off of Rick Porcello of the Detroit Tigers, came in his first start. On July 30, Susdorf was designated for assignment to make room for Cody Asche. On July 10, 2014, the Phillies released him from their AAA affiliate.

References

External links

Steve Susdorf at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)
Steve Susdorf Fresno State Bulldogs biography

1986 births
Living people
Clearwater Threshers players
Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players
Lakewood BlueClaws players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baseball players from Santa Clarita, California
People from Valencia, Santa Clarita, California
Philadelphia Phillies players
Reading Phillies players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Williamsport Crosscutters players

Steve Susdorf


The Philadelphia TRACON/ATCT is located at the Philadelphia International Airport and is a TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) with Up-and-Down capabilities which means it includes both a TRACON and ATCT (Air Traffic Control Tower) in the same facility.  The facility is "sectorized" into two sectors for the controllers.  "A-side" controllers,  work the tower, and half the radar room.  "B-side" controllers work the entire radar room (POM).

Philadelphia International Airport is a level 12 facility and the TRACON works on an average of 2,800 daily movements; the ATCT handles about 1,700 operations per day.

The primary responsibility of the Philadelphia TRACON/ATCT is the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of arrival, departure, and en route traffic. PHL TRACON's main responsibility is Philadelphia International Airport.  Additionally, they offer approach and departure services to several other satellite airports near PHL; Northeast Philadelphia Airport (PNE), New Castle Airport (ILG) in Wilmington, Delaware, Trenton Mercer Airport (TTN) in Trenton, New Jersey and several smaller General Aviation fields such as Wings Field (LOM) in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, Heritage Field Airport (PTW) in Pottstown, PA and Brandywine Airport (OQN) in West Chester, Pennsylvania. The TRACON's airspace overlies a total of four states including New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and extreme north east Maryland.

PHL Air Traffic Levels

With 499,653 total flight movements in 2008, Philadelphia International Airport ranks 11th in world in terms of aircraft movement.  As recently as 2006, the airport ranked 9th in terms of aircraft movement, but was passed in 2007 by Paris' Charles de Gaulle International Airport and by Charlotte/Douglas International Airport. It does not rank in the top 30 rankings for either passenger or cargo movement. In 2008 the airport handled a total of 31.8 million passengers, which for passenger movement would rank it several places behind Charlotte (#30), which handled 33.1 million passengers in 2008. The world's busiest airport in terms of passenger movement in 2008 was Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport with 90,039,280 passengers, nearly three times the passengers that passed through Philadelphia International Airport the same year. Statistics on passenger origination and termination (with PHL airport as an originating or final destination) are not widely available.

TRACON Breakdown

 Final Vectors One - 125.4
 Final Vectors Two - 132.675
 North Arrival - 128.4
 South Arrival - 133.87
 North Departure - 124.35
 South Departure - 119.75
 North High - 126.075
 South High - 125.125
 Yardley - 123.8
 Pottstown  - 126.85
 Dupont - 118.35
 Woodstown - 127.35

ATCT Breakdown

 Local East - 118.5
 Local West - 135.1
 Ground East - 121.9
 Ground West - 121.65
 Clearance Delivery - 118.85
 Tower Sequencer (During SWAP)- 123.6

Neighboring Facilities

PHL is bordered by the following facilities:

 New York TRACON (N90)
 Potomac TRACON (PCT)
 Reading TRACON (RDG)
 McGuire RAPCON (WRI)
 Allentown TRACON (ABE)
 Dover RAPCON (DOV)
 Harrisburg TRACON (MDT)
 Atlantic City TRACON (ACY)

PHL airspace lies beneath both of the following ARTCCs:

 New York ARTCC  (ZNY)
 Washington ARTCC  (ZDC)

References

Air traffic control in the United States
Aviation in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia International Airport

Philadelphia TRACON