The naitional banner o Cape Verde wis adoptit on 22 September 1992, replacin the banner adoptit durin Cape Verdean unthirldom, focht for wi Guinea-Bissau, anither umwhile Portuguese colony on mainland Wast Africae.

Description

The 10 starns on the banner represent the main islands o the naition (a chain o islands aff the coast o Wast Africae). The blue represents the ocean an the sky. The baund o white an reid represents the road toward the construction o the naition, an the colours staund for peace (white) an effort (red). The yellae colour, circular formation o the starns, an dark blue field shaw similarity tae the Banner o Europe (which haes 12 starns insteid o 10, an wis oreeginally designed for the Cooncil o Europe, but is uised bi the European Union) an aw. The stripes are in 6:1:1:1:3 ratio, an the circle o starns is centred 3/8 alang the flee.

Proportions

The Constitution o the Republic daes no specifee wha the offeecial proportions for the hicht an the width o the banner are. The dimensions o the pairts that mak up the banner are gien proportionally tae the dimensions o the sides, athoot specifyin those dimensions. Housomeivver, the proportion maist widely uised is 2:3, which is the same proportion that wis uised in the banner prior tae 1992. Consequently, 2:3 is the de facto (but no de jure) proportion.

Colour shades

The Boletim Oficial gies the offeecial shades o the banner's colours (as well as the colours o the Airms o the Republic):

The Pantone, CMYK an RGB are offeecial as published in the bulletin. The ither colour shades (Wab an HSV) are interpretations o the Pantone staundarts.

History
Afore unthirldom frae Portugal, Cape Verde did no hae a offeecial banner, an the Portuguese naitional banner wis uised. In the late 1960s, a banner for the Portuguese owerseas province o Cape Verde wis proposed, consistin o the banner o Portugal defacit wi the shield frae the provincial airms in the lawer flee. Housomeivver, this banner wis niver adoptit.

The oreeginal naitional banner o Cape Verde wis introducit on unthirldom in 1975, an wis based on the banner o the Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC). It uised the common African colours o reid, green an yellae, an wis identical tae the Banner o Guinea-Bissau except for the chairge in the hoist-side stripe. Thair similarity evokit the plans tae unite baith kintras, which, housomeivver, wur abandoned shortly efter unthirldom. Guinea-Bissau gained unthirldom on 10 September 1974.

References

Freemit airtins

Banner
Banners o Africae
1992 introductions
Cape Verde

Banner o Cape Verde


George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8 or 9 June 1924) was a British mountaineer who took part in the first three expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920s. Mallory and his climbing partner, Andrew Irvine, disappeared high on the northeast ridge during the final summit attempt of the 1924 expedition. The last sighting of the pair was about 800 vertical feet from the summit. Mallory's fate was unknown for 75 years until a research expedition discovered his body on 1 May 1999. Whether they made it to the summit or not remains a mystery.

George Mallory was famous for replying to the question "Why do you want to climb Mount Everest?" with the reply: "Because it's there," described as: "The most famous three words in the history of mountaineering." Questions have arisen about whether Mallory had said it or if it was a newspaper reporter making it up.

Early life, education, and teaching career

Mallory was born in Mobberly, Cheshire, the son of Herbert Leigh Mallory (1846 - 1943), a clergyman who changed his name to Leigh-Mallory in 1914. George had two sisters - one older, one younger - and a younger brother called Trafford-Leigh Mallory, the World War II Royal Air Force commander.

In 1896, Mallory went to Glengorse, a boarding school in Eastbourne on the south coast of England, having already transferred from a school in West Kirby. At the age of 13, he won a scholarship to Winchester College. In his second-to-last year at Winchester, he was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering by a master, R.L.G Irving, who took a small number of pupils climbing in the Alps every year. In October 1905, Mallory entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. There, he became good friends with several members of the Bloomsbury Group, including James Strachey, Lytton Strachey, Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes, and Duncan Grant, who painted many portraits of Mallory. Mallory was a keen oarsman and rowed in his college "eight", but he did not (as has been written elsewhere) row for Cambridge in the annual Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race.

After getting his degree, Mallory stayed in Cambridge for a year, writing an essay he later published as Boswell the Biographer (1912). He lived briefly in France, where Simon Bussy painted his portrait, now in London's National Portrait Gallery. On his return, Mallory decided to become a teacher. In 1910 he began teaching at Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, where he met the poet Robert Graves, then a pupil; in his autobiography, Goodbye to All That, Graves remembered Mallory, who acted as best man at Robert Graves's wedding in 1918, fondly both for his encouragement of Graves's interest in literature in poetry and his instruction in climbing. Graves recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted (as a teacher) at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them."

While at Charterhouse, he met his wife, Ruth Turner, who lived in Godalming, and they were married in 1914, just six days before Britain and Germany went to war. George and Ruth had two daughters and a son: Clare, born 1915; Beridge, known as 'Berry' (1917); and John (1920). In December 1915, Mallory joined the Royal Garrison Artillery as 2nd lieutenant and in 1916 participated in the shelling of the Somme, under the command of Major Gwilym Lloyd George, son of then Prime Minister David Lloyd George.

After the war, he returned to Charterhouse, resigning in 1921 to participate in the first Everest expedition.

Death
He died in 1924. A man named Conrad Anker found his body in 1999.

1886 births
1924 deaths

George Mallory


The Missouri Constitution is the state constitution of the state of Missouri in the United States. It is the highest law which forms the laws and government of Missouri. It is subject only to the United States Constitution, and the people of Missouri. The fourth and current Missouri Constitution was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government. The legislative branch is the Missouri General Assembly). The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Missouri. The judicial branch is the Supreme Court of Missouri and the Missouri state courts. It also sets up local governments in the form of counties and cities.

History
The first constitution was written in 1820 in only 38 days. In 1845 the state outgrew its own constitutional limits on creating new counties. A second convention was called in Jefferson City and met from November 1845 until January 1846. But voters would not ratify the proposed constitution in August 1846. The Missouri Constitutional Convention was elected to decide on the issue of secession. But no changes were made to the constitution.

In 1865, delegates met in St. Louis from January 6 to April 8, 1865 to form a new constitution. It was called the
"Draconian Constitution" and required an oath of loyalty to the Union. It was ratified on June 6, 1865. In 1867, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the loyalty oath in Cummings v. Missouri (71 U.S. 277 (1867)).

Missouri citizens approved a new fourth constitutional convention in 1874. Delegates met in Jefferson City from May 5th to August 2nd, 1875. The changes to the Constitution were mainly about schools. It required 25% of the general revenue be used to support public schools. It also required separate schools for children of African descent. The constitution was ratified on October 30, 1875.

The fifth constitutional convention met in Jefferson City from May 15, 1922 to November 6, 1923. But instead of a new constitution the convention proposed 21 amendments. But the voters refused to approve all 21 amendments at the special election called for February 26, 1924. As a result, none of the amendments were ratified.

The fifth convention was called in Jefferson City on September 21, 1943. The new constitution was approved by the delegates on September 28, 1944 and ratified on February 27, 1945. It has been amended several times since then.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Missouri Constitution

Missou
History of Missouri
1820 establishments in Missouri Territory

Constitution of Missouri


Optometry is the branch of medicine that deals with the health of and problems with people's eyes. Optometrists specialize in refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia, for which they can prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenss. Optometry also includes the diagnosing and treatment of eye diseases like glaucoma or double vision.

Ophthalmology

Optometry


Hurricanes and tropical storms have been recorded in New England since the 17th century. But such storms have hit the region since long before then. The New England States are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.

Before 19th century
August 25, 1635: The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635 hits New England. Forty-six people are killed. (Note: The word hurricane was not yet in American English at that time).

September 1775: The 1775 Newfoundland hurricane brought very strong winds to New England.

November 1, 1778: A late-season hurricane struck Cape Cod, Massachusetts. It killed 50-70 people.

19th century
The 1804 Snow hurricane affected certain areas of New England. It generated snow in some parts of the Northeastern U.S.

September 23-24, 1815: The 1815 New England hurricane struck New England. It had an 11-foot storm surge. The storm killed 38 people.September 4, 1821: The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane cut through western New England. The storm killed 17 people.

September 8, 1869: A Category 3 hurricane struck Rhode Island. It caused several deaths in the New England region.

October 4-6, 1869: The 1869 Saxby Gale struck Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard as a Category 2 hurricane. It also struck Maine as a Category 1. The storm killed 37 people.

20th century
November 3-4, 1927: A tropical storm struck western New England. It killed 84 people in Vermont and one in Rhode Island.

September 21, 1938: The 1938 New England hurricane struck central New England. The storm killed over 600 people. It caused over $400 million in damage. In particular, it came ashore in Connecticut.

September 14-15, 1944: The 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane hit east central New England at the Connecticut-Rhode Island border. It was a Category 1 storm when it struck. Damage across Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard was worse than the 1938 hurricane. There was also severe wind damage in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Twenty-eight people were killed by the storm in New England.

August 30-September 1, 1954: Hurricane Carol hit eastern New England, particularly Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The storm was a Category 3. Carol killed 68 people. Damage was over $400 million.

September 11, 1954: Hurricane Edna struck Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard as a Category 2 hurricane. Twenty people were killed. Damage was over $40 million.

September 11-13, 1960: Hurricane Donna hit Connecticut as a strong Category 1 hurricane. The storm caused heavy damage in Massachusetts, Maine and New Hampshire.

August 28, 1971: Tropical Storm Doria went into Connecticut after passing over Long Island. Hurricane-force wind was measured at sea level in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

August 10-11, 1976: Hurricane Belle moved slowly into New England as a strong tropical storm. The storm hit central New England, particularly Connecticut and Massachusetts.

September 27, 1985: Hurricane Gloria caused widespread wind damage in New England. The storm killed eight people. Damage from Gloria was $900 million.

August 19, 1991: Hurricane Bob struck Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts as a strong Category 2 hurricane. The storm killed 18 people. Damage was $1.5 billion.

September 2, 1996: Hurricane Edouard passed just offshore as a Category 1 hurricane. The storm killed two people.

21st century
November 3, 2007: Hurricane Noel created hurricane force wind gusts in New England.

September 6-7, 2008: Tropical Storm Hanna moved through central and southern New England. Damage was minimal.

September 2010: Hurricane Earl produced heavy rain and high winds across eastern New England. The storm caused minimal damage.

August 27-28, 2011: Hurricane Irene moved into west-central New England as a strong tropical storm. Irene produced high winds, heavy rain and flooding in the region. The storm killed 16 people. The damage was in the billions of dollars.

October 28-29, 2012: Hurricane Sandy affected New England with outer rain bands and high winds. Five people were killed in New England.

October 29-30, 2017: Tropical Storm Philippe, combined with an extratropical system, resulted in around 1.2 million power outages. No people were killed.

October 30, 2020: Hurricane Zeta, combined with a cold front, brought accumulating snow. Power outages and downed trees were a result. No people were killed.

August 5, 2020: Hurricane Isaias, the hurricane caused tornados in New Jersey that killed lots of people, Power and Internet were out for days in New England. The storm killed 17 or 18 people. The damage was over 4 billion dollars.

References

List of New England hurricanes


Louise Erdrich is an American author. She was born on June 7, 1954, in Minnesota. Erdrich lived in North Dakota as a child. Her mother is Chippewa. She has a German-American father. Louise incorporates Native American themes in her books. Major characters represent both sides of her heritage and background. She was married to Michael Anthony Dorris, who was a writer and professor of Native American studies at Dartmouth.

Accomplishments and Awards

Erdrich was named a  most beautiful person in People magazine. She was a finalist for the National Book Award for fiction in 2001 for her book The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse. She received the award in 2012 for The Round House. She has written novels, short stories, poetry, and children's books. Some of these works are Love Medicine, Tracks, and The Plague of Doves. From 1972 to 1976, she attended Dartmouth College. She received the Academy of Poets Prize in 1975. She also received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1976.

Sources

 "Louise Erdrich." Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.

Writers from Minnesota
1954 births
Living people
O. Henry Award winners

Louise Erdrich


Peter "Sammy" Henderson (18 April 1926 – 24 November 2014) was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer. He also competed at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, winning a bronze medal in the 4 x 110 yards men's relay.

Biography
Born in Gisborne and educated at Gisborne Boys' High School, Henderson made his provincial rugby union début for Hawke's Bay in 1944. Moving to Wanganui, where he worked as a dental technician, he played rugby union for the Kaierau Club, and 26 representative matches for Wanganui.  He was a member of the ill-fated 1949 All Blacks side, captained by Fred Allen, which lost all four tests on its tour of South Africa. Henderson was top try scorer on the tour, with seven tries.

Henderson excelled in several sports, including sprinting. Following his return from South Africa he had little time to change sports and get into serious sprint training for the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland. He won a bronze medal as part of the men's 4 x 110 yards relay alongside Kevin Beardsley, Arthur Eustace and Clem Parker. He also competed in the 100 yards where he placed fifth in the final. A medium-sized wing at 1.72 m and 81 kg, Henderson is still credited with being one of the fastest All Blacks of all time, with a time of 9.7 seconds for 100 yards.

Henderson returned to club and representative rugby in Wanganui, playing three tests against the touring British Lions in 1950, and against them for Wanganui. In all, he played 19 matches for the All Blacks, including seven internationals.

Henderson had lost his job while playing in South Africa, so he announced he was headed to England to play in professional rugby league. It was then that the New Zealand Rugby Union banned him from union, a ban which lasted 38 years. He signed with Huddersfield, where he stayed for seven years. He played , i.e. number 2, in Huddersfield's 15–10 victory over St. Helens in the 1953 Challenge Cup Final during the 1952-53 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 25 April 1953, in front of a crowd of 89,588. He also played for the Other Nationalities side that won the 1953 tri-nations test series against England and France.

Henderson played , i.e. number 2, in Huddersfield's 18–8 victory over Batley in the 1952 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1952–53 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 15 November 1952.

References

External links

1926 births
2014 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1950 British Empire Games
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Expatriate rugby league players in England
Hawke's Bay rugby union players
Huddersfield Giants players
New Zealand expatriate rugby league players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand male sprinters
New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand rugby union players
Other Nationalities rugby league team players
People educated at Gisborne Boys' High School
Rugby league players from Gisborne, New Zealand
Rugby union players from Gisborne, New Zealand
Rugby union wings
Wanganui rugby union players
Medallists at the 1950 British Empire Games

Peter Henderson (sportsman)


Elizabeth Paschel Hoisington (November 3, 1918 – August 21, 2007) was a United States Army officer who was one of the first two women to attain the rank of brigadier general.

Early life
Born in Newton, Kansas, on November 3, 1918, Elizabeth Hoisington was a 1940 graduate of the College of Notre Dame of Maryland.

Military career
During World War II the United States Army expanded opportunities for women beyond nursing by creating the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). Hoisington enlisted in the WAACs in November 1942 and completed her basic training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa. At the time, women were required to serve in units before they could apply to Officer Candidate School (OCS), so Private Hoisington went to a WAAC aircraft early warning unit in Bangor, Maine. The company commander recognized her talents and made her the first sergeant soon after her arrival. She later said that she then sought out the most grizzled male first sergeant she could find and asked him to teach her what she needed to know. She said that he did such a good job that when she reached OCS she never had to open a book.

Hoisington was commissioned in May 1943 as a WAAC third officer. When the auxiliary became the Women's Army Corps (WAC) a month later, its officers changed to standard army ranks, and Hoisington became a second lieutenant. She deployed to Europe, serving in France after D-Day. Hoisington continued her career after World War II and advanced through the ranks to colonel as she commanded WAC units in Japan, Germany, and France and served in staff assignments in San Francisco and at the Pentagon.

Hoisington was appointed the seventh director of the Women's Army Corps on August 1, 1965, and served from 1966 to 1971. As director during the Vietnam War she visited WACs serving in Saigon and Long Binh in September, 1967. According to some sources, Hoisington discouraged sending army women to Vietnam because she believed the controversy would deter progress in expanding the overall role of women in the army.

On May 15, 1970, President Nixon announced the first women selected for promotion to brigadier general: Anna Mae Hays, Chief of the Army Nurse Corps, and Hoisington. The two women were promoted on June 11. Hays and Hoisington were promoted within minutes of each other. Because they were promoted in alphabetical order, Hays was the first woman in the United States Armed Forces to wear the insignia of a brigadier general. The Hoisington and Hays promotions resulted in positive public relations for the army, including appearances on the Dick Cavett, David Frost and Today shows. Hoisington, who was noted for her quick smile and ebullient personality, also appeared as a mystery guest on the popular game show ''What's My Line?

Hoisington retired from the army on August 1, 1971.

Family
Hoisington's grandfather, Colonel Perry Milo Hoisington I, helped to organize the Kansas National Guard. Her father, Gregory Hoisington, was a graduate of West Point and a colonel in the army. He was a direct descendant of Ebenezer Hoisington, a founder of the state of Vermont and a soldier in the American Revolution.

Hoisington's brother, Perry Hoisington II, was a United States Air Force general. Elizabeth Hoisington's 1970 promotion made them the first brother and sister generals in the United States military.

Death and burial
Hoisington died in Springfield, Virginia, on August 21, 2007, at the age of 88. She is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. She was survived by a younger brother, Robert (d. 2020), and a sister, Nancy (d. 2012).

Decorations

See also
 List of female United States military generals and flag officers

References

External links
"Marching on – Three Generations of Army Women" by Lt. Col. Randy Pullen
"Brigadier General Anna Mae Hays: 13th Chief, Army Nurse Corps" by Mary T. Sarnecky
 History of Army Women: Significant Dates (1966–1975)
Timeline Dates for Women in the Military Officially
"The Women's Army Corps during the Vietnam War" by Colonel Bettie J. Morden, U.S. Army Retired
Women in the United States Military History: In Vietnam
Washington Post obituary – source: The American Family Hoisington, by Harry Hoisington, 1934
Museum of Kansas National Guard Hall of Fame: Col. Perry M. Hoisington (her father)
Women in the U.S. Army

1918 births
2007 deaths
People from Newton, Kansas
Notre Dame of Maryland University alumni
Female generals of the United States Army
Women's Army Corps soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
American female military personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Women in war 1945–1999
21st-century American women

Elizabeth P. Hoisington


The TLLI (Temporary Logical Link Identifier) is used in GSM and GPRS services. It provides the signaling address used for communication between the user equipment and the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) and is specified in 3GPP specification 23.003.

The TLLI can be classified into four groups:

 Local TLLI: for normal operation between SGSN and user equipment.
 Foreign TLLI: primarily used when crossing a routing area boundary.
 Random TLLI: used for initial access or if the user equipment does not possess any of the above.
 Auxiliary TLLI: is selected by the SGSN, but is not used as of now.

References

External links
GSM Parts & Services

GSM standard

TLLI


Drag strip (or Dragstrip) may refer to:

Dragstrip, track used for drag racing
Drag Strip (Transformers), Transformer character who is one of the Stunticons
Videocart-9: Drag Strip, drag racing videogame released in 1976

See also
Dover Drag Strip
Lions Drag Strip
Hilo Dragstrip

Drag strip


Michael McKeegan (born 25 March 1971) is a Northern Irish musician best known as the bassist of rock band Therapy?.

Evil Priest
In 1988, McKeegan (bass/vocals), along with his two brothers Ciaran (guitar) and Charlie (drums), formed a heavy metal band, Evil Priest. The group recorded two demo cassettes - "Pretention Is No Excuse" and "Hear No Evil...". The fledgling group disbanded in 1989 when Michael McKeegan joined Therapy?.

Therapy?

In 1989, while McKeegan was still at school, his classmate Fyfe Ewing handed him a four song cassette that he had recorded with Andy Cairns, entitled "Thirty Seconds of Silence". McKeegan was so impressed he immediately joined as Therapy?'s bassist, and soon recorded his first material with the band; another four track demo tape entitled "Meat Abstract". He has since recorded sixteen studio albums, two compilation albums and numerous EPs. Along with Cairns, McKeegan is the only original member still with the band.

Side projects
In the late 1990s, McKeegan joined the short-lived Belfast based group, Sons of Massey, along with his brother Charlie McKeegan (drums), Robyn G. Shiels (vocals/guitar) and Paul Kinghan (guitar). The group played live around Northern Ireland and recorded a demo at Einstein Studios in County Antrim.

In November 2014, McKeegan along with Andy Cairns recorded 15 tracks for a side project called East Antrim in Belfast's Start Studio with fellow Northern Irish musicians including Robyn G Shiels, Desert Hearts, Brian Coney, LaFaro and Goons. It's an electronic record, with a lot of spoken word and it deals in a very late night ambient sound. It remains unreleased.

In August 2015, McKeegan contributed bass to recordings of an original song "Purveyor of Quackery" and a cover of "Another Girl Another Planet" by The Only Ones. The group, consisting of fellow Therapy? members Andy Cairns and Neil Cooper, alongside 'Diamond' Dave Thompson on vocals and Rich Jones on lead guitar, was known as The Gemils. Backing vocals were contributed by Ricky Warwick, Tim Wheeler, Robyn G Shiels, Tom Dalgety and Stevie Firth. A 7" was produced and presented to Cairns as a 50th birthday gift. Just 10 copies were pressed and the single was not made public.

In 2017, McKeegan (bass and guitar) joined with ex-Throat/Dutch Schultz members Rory McGeown (vocals and guitar) and Willy Mundel (drums, vocals and guitar) to form Haunch. The groups' debut album "Lay My Bones Beside The Others" was released on 26 January 2018 via Black Tragick Records.

Equipment
In the March 1998 issue of Guitar magazine, McKeegan stated:
"Chris Sheldon recommended I hired in this Music Man StingRay - then we wangled that the hire cost came off the price, so in the end I bought it for 500 quid which is a bargain. It's the best bass I've ever played. I got a new Mesa/Boogie head and a Mesa/Boogie cab as well, 2x15"s whereas I usually use an 8x10" - I needed something to really give a big bottom end 'cos on some tracks I tuned down to D or even C. I used a Boss Bass Overdrive too, but some of the more fuzzy bass is Mr Coloursound and his wonderful pedals again. Then I used the pitch-shift on a Digitech Whammy pedal for some of the higher notes... oh, and I attacked the bass with the leg off Martin's cello. It's a very useful thing to have around".

In August 2003, he posted the following message on the official Therapy? website:
"For Troublegum and Infernal Love I used the black Status bass with an Ampeg Svt1 head and an Ampeg 8x10 cabinet. For Semi-Detached I used the Sunburst Musicman and a Mesa Boogie 4oo+ through a Mesa Boogie 2x15 cabinet. Suicide Pact was the Sunburst Musicman with the Mesa 400+ head through the Ampeg 8x10, Shameless was the Blue Musicman through a Mesa 400+ and a 2x15 Mesa cabinet. High Anxiety was the Blue Musicman with various weird heads through a Harke 4 x10 cabinet. In conjunction with all these set ups I normally use a Sans Amp bass driver pedal and Boss Bass Overdrive and Morley Bass wahs for the squally sounds… Hope you are confused. I am. For the record I NEVER had a Westone Thunder 1a. That is a reference to Andy's first ever bass guitar but I never dabbled. Aria Pro II when I could afford them! Other guitars… Status Buzzard, Fender Sunburst Precision and a Sunburst Fender Jazz have all made appearances on record and live".

Personal life
Nicknamed 'The Evil Priest', McKeegan is known for his friendliness towards Therapy?'s fans - during gigs he often converses with members of the audience between songs, and regularly posts messages on the bands' official message boards. He lives in Belfast, with his Dutch wife whom he married in September 2008 and their two sons.

He appeared as a judge on BBC Northern Ireland's ATL Rock School 2007.

Since 2013, McKeegan has written a monthly column for the UK's Bass Guitar Magazine, where he also reviews bass guitars and amplifiers.

Discography

Therapy?

Evil Priest
 Pretention Is No Excuse (1988) - demo tape
 Hear No Evil... (1988) - demo tape
 Hate Net (1989) - demo tape

Sons of Massey
 Sons of Massey (1999) - demo CD, unreleased

The Gemils
 Purveyor of Quackery (2015) - 7" limited to 10 copies, not for sale

Haunch
 Lay My Bones Beside the Others (2018)

References

External links
 Biography on therapyquestionmark.co.uk
 ATL Rock School 2007

1971 births
Living people
Therapy? members
Male bass guitarists from Northern Ireland
People from Larne
21st-century bass guitarists from Northern Ireland
Musicians from County Antrim
20th-century bass guitarists from Northern Ireland

Michael McKeegan


Justin Gordon Holt (19 April 1930 – 20 July 2009) was an audio engineer and the founder of Stereophile magazine, and is widely considered to be the founder of the high-end audio movement, which promoted the philosophy of judging sound quality by subjective tests, generally with "cost no object" sound components, including loudspeakers, turntables, amplifiers, vacuum tube components, cables, and other devices. Known as "JGH" (from his byline in published reviews and articles), Holt established a reputation for veracity, often-controversial opinions, passionate critiques, and journalistic integrity. He also pioneered the concept of the yearly "Recommended Components" list, providing a thumbnail summary of reviews for audiophiles looking for the finest sound components available at any price. Holt also came up with "Holt's Law," the theory that the better the recording, the worse the musical performance—and vice versa.

Early years
Justin Gordon Holt was born on April 19, 1930, in Charlotte, North Carolina, and adopted when he was two years of age by Justin Gordon Holt (Sr.) and his wife Katherine (née Hart). Through DNA testing and genealogy research, Holt's son was able to confirm that Gordon was from the Beam and Houser families of North Carolina. His family moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1937 for his father's work, and stayed there through World War II. From 1936 to 1946 Gordon attended the prestigious Melbourne private school Scotch College, returning to the U.S. after his father's sudden death from a stroke on 9 August 1946. J. Gordon Holt's father bore such a striking resemblance to famed gangster Al Capone that he was stopped and questioned by a customs official. During his years in Australia his mother worked as the head of the USO for the Australian Red Cross, and his father worked for a textile company.

Gordon attended Nether Providence High School in Wallingford, Pennsylvania, and attended Lehigh University with the intent of becoming an engineer. After discovering he "couldn't hack the math," Gordon switched his major to Journalism. He graduated in 1953 with a BA. He spent a few years struggling as a cartoonist, and writing the occasional article for High Fidelity magazine, which later offered him a position.

Family
Gordon married Mary Elizabeth "Polly" Norton on May 25, 1968, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Their first child, Alicia Darroch Holt, was born on January 21, 1970. Their second child, Justin Charles Holt, was born on April 18, 1972. The Holt family moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1979, after taking a trip and falling in love with the area. Mary and Gordon underwent a separation in 1983, with Mary and their children moving to Boulder, Colorado, and Gordon remaining in Santa Fe. Mary was diagnosed with lung cancer in August 1988, and died on March 19, 1989. During this time, Gordon moved to Boulder to care for her and their children, and spent the rest of his life there.

Stereophile magazine
Holt worked as an editor and critic for Audiocraft and High Fidelity magazines in the mid-1950s through the early 1960s, and wrote numerous articles and reviews on amplifiers, receivers, turntables, tape recorders, and other high-fidelity sound components. After departing the magazine over editorial differences—what he later claimed were disputes between High Fidelity'''s editorial and advertising staff—Holt founded Stereophile magazine in 1962 while living in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The magazine quickly established a market over the next decade, expanding from a small pamphlet-sized, hand-typed booklet to issues approaching a hundred pages. Holt was one of the first audio critics to provide in-depth details on his listening environment, with details on room acoustics, microphones, and other technical matters, departing from the mass-market slant of competitors such as Stereo Review, Audio Magazine, and his alma mater High Fidelity.

Holt's engaging writing style and emphasis on audio engineering made his articles authoritative while still remaining accessible to consumers and audiophiles. "JGH" (as he referred to himself in print) was often skeptical of wildly successful audio components such as Bose speakers, and often created controversy with passionate reviews and articles on a variety of technical subjects. The high-end audio movement exploded during the 1970s, with manufacturers such as Audio Research, Magnepan,  Infinity, and many others finding great success among well-heeled customers during the decade. After a move to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Holt constructed an elaborate listening and audio testing room in his home, he spent the decade covering such cutting-edge developments as Dynagroove, Quadraphonic sound, magnetic tape formats, and digital sound, and also reviewed hundreds of audio components. Holt also developed a vocabulary to describe subtle differences between audio components, using terms like "warm" or "harsh" to describe different characters and tonalities. (Holt later wrote "The Audio Glossary", which clarified and defined many of these terms for the benefit of audiophiles and enthusiasts.)

By the late 1970s, Stereophiles own success led to business difficulties, chiefly in getting the magazine distributed on a regular schedule, which created a myriad of financial problems. Holt sold the magazine to businessman Larry Archibald in 1982 for $5,000 (paid in fifty $100 bills), who expanded the magazine, hired a large staff, and eventually increased Stereophile's circulation to 60,000 readers by the late 1980s. The magazine was sold to Petersen Publishing in June 1998.

The success of Stereophile in the late 1960s and early 1970s inspired New York writer & reviewer Harry Pearson to start a rival publication, The Absolute Sound, which quickly became a very influential high-end magazine. Pearson, who was an avid admirer of Holt's early work, has stated that he started The Absolute Sound because he wanted to "prompt Gordon to more consistent production of his own [magazine]." TAS (as it was called) embraced the so-called "subjective audio" philosophy, which placed an emphasis on the sound of components as a system, eschewing the technical measurements used by Stereo Review and other mass-market magazines. TAS and Stereophile were arguably the Time magazine and Newsweek of the high-end audio industries throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and both thrived on highly critical reviews, editorials, and articles which tended to polarize readers and advertisers.'Holt tried to start a new publication in the late 1980s, LaserNews, a newsletter intended to cover the emerging home video industry of VCRs, laserdisc players, and large-screen television technology. He was unable to interest the Stereophile management in video-related topics, and kept the magazine going until about 1990, where he folded it due to ongoing business and distribution problems. Stereophile belatedly started a video-related magazine in 1994, Stereophile Guide to Home Theater, which continues online as Ultimate A/V.Holt occasionally wrote reviews for both Stereophile and Absolute Sound'' in the 1990s, and was a frequent visitor to the annual Consumer Electronic Shows throughout the decade. Holt frequently expressed bitterness that the high-end audio business refused to embrace double blind testing, which he was convinced would legitimize the scientific process of evaluating sound quality, for example stating in 2007 that "As far as the real world is concerned, high-end audio lost its credibility during the 1980s, when it flatly refused to submit to the kind of basic honesty controls (double-blind testing, for example) that had legitimized every other serious scientific endeavor since Pascal." Holt resigned from Stereophile in 1999 to pursue freelance writing, but remained an active participant in the Audio Engineering Society and other industry organizations.

Death
J. Gordon Holt was as well known for his smoking as he was for his passionate writing, and smoked two-and-a-half packs a day starting when he was seventeen. He was diagnosed with tonsil cancer shortly after his wife's death in 1990, and had a successful surgery shortly thereafter, although he continued to smoke believing that the cancer was likely to kill him anyway. Ten years later, Holt was diagnosed with emphysema. He quit smoking, but it took his life on July 20, 2009. He died at home with his daughter and son present.

External links
Stereophile homepage
selected J. Gordon Holt articles & reviews
Larry Archibald pays tribute to J. Gordon Holt
The Absolute Sound homepage

References

1930 births
2009 deaths
American magazine publishers (people)
American magazine editors

J. Gordon Holt


Hymns and Spiritual Songs for the Fasts and Festivals of the Church of England, by Christopher Smart, was published in 1765, along with a translation of the Psalms of David and a new version of A Song to David. He wrote these poems while he was in a mental asylum and during the time he wrote Jubilate Agno.

Background
For many years after the Protestant Reformation, John Calvin's claim that non-Biblical music was inappropriate was popularly held. Isaac Watts wrote and published a collection of hymns and spiritual songs in the early 18th century. But, Jonathan Swift and Samuel Johnson parodied Calvin's beliefs, claiming that religion and poetry could not mix because the poetry could be damaged: Swift claimed that "the smallest quantity of religion, like a single drop of Malt-Liquor in Claret, will muddy and discompose the brightest Poetical Genius." Johnson wrote that Watt's
"devotional poetry is, like that of others, unsatisfactory. The paucity of its topicks enforces perpetual repetition, and the sanctity of the matter rejects the ornaments of figurative diction. It is sufficient for Watts to have done better than others what no man has done well." Isaac Watts' hymns became popular in public worship.

Christopher Smart also wrote hymns, as "a private act of worship." His Hymns were printed in A Translation of the Psalms of David, Attempted in the Spirit of Christianity, and Adapted to the Divine Service, a volume published in 1765. It contained a translation of the Psalms, a new series of Hymns, and a copy of A Song to David. Although the work was not published until 1765, Smart was advertising a work containing both Psalms and Hymns in 1763. The Hymns contained thirty-five hymns. They were not reprinted until Christopher Smart's daughter, Elizabeth LeNoir, published Miscellaneous Poems, which contained changed versions of hymn 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 28, and 32. Although Smart published only one edition of the work, many famous names appeared on the subscription list. The work was published by Dryden Leach, but received little notice in various reviews and no mention of the Hymns.

Hymns and Spiritual Songs
The Hymns were composed between June 1762 and January 1763 while Smart was in a mental asylum for "religious mania." His "D Fragment" of Jubilate Agno says:
The Lord magnify the idea of Smarts singing hymns on this day in the eyes of the whole University of Cambridge. (D148)
Novr 5th 1762. N.S.
This fragment led Robert Brittain, one of Christopher Smart's editors, to claim that "Smart had just written his 'Hymn xxix. The Fifth of November'." This would verify that Christopher Smart wrote these Hymns while in a mental asylum and that he was creating hymns to follow the Church Year. While the references to hymns in the "D Fragment" of Jubilate Agno does not provide a definite date of creation for the hymns, it narrows their origins to a few years.

The Hymns are modeled after a tradition of hymn writing exemplified by Robert Nelson. Both rely on common Anglican texts. Smart relied most on the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer as the basis of his hymns. They form a sort of "companion" to the Book of Common Prayer. The complexity of the Biblical allusions and Biblical works may confuse or mislead a reader who is not steeped in Biblical tradition.

The Hymns generally follow the festivals and fasts that were important to Anglican tradition but they also include four "Solemn Days": the "Martyrdom of the Blessed King Charles the First" on 30 January, the "King's Restoration" on 29 May, the "Accession of the Ruling Monarch" on 25 October and the "Most Traiterous and bloody intended Massacre by Gunpowder" on 5 November. Marking these days symbolised Smart's patriotism and his hostility to the Roman Catholic Church.

Hymns
Thirty-five hymns are included in Hymns and Spiritual Songs (listed below in groups of five):

 I. New Year II. Circumcision III. Epiphany IV. Conversion of Saint Paul V. King Charles the Martyr
 VI. The Presentation of Christ in the Temple VII. Ash Wednesday. First Day of Lent VIII. St. Matthias IX. The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin X. The Crucifixion of Our Blessed Lord
 XI. Easter Day XII. St. Mark XIII. St. Philip and St. James XIV. The Ascension of Our Lord Jesus Christ XV. Whitsunday
 XVI. Trinity Sunday XVII. The King's Restoration XVIII. St. Barnabas XIX. The Nativity of St. John the Baptist XX. St. Peter
 XXI. St. James XXII. St. Bartholomew XXIII. St. Matthew XXIV. St. Michael and All Angels XXV. St. Luke
 XXVI. The Accession of King George III XXVII. St. Simon and St. Jude XXVIII. All Saints XXIX. The Fifth of November XXX. St. Andrew
 XXXI. St. Thomas XXXII. The Nativity of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ XXXIII. St. Stephen XXXIV. St. John the Evangelist XXXV. The Holy Innocents

Notes

References
 Curry, Neil. Christopher Smart. Devon: Northcote House Publishers, 2005.
 Dearnley, Moira. The Poetry of Christopher Smart. London, 1961.
 Sherbo, Arthur. "The Dating and Order of the Fragments of Christopher Smart's Jubilate Agno", HLB x (1956): 201-207
 Smart, Christopher. Poems by Christopher Smart, Ed. Robert Brittain. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
 ----. The Poetical Works of Christopher Smart, II: Religious Poetry 1763-1771. Ed. Marcus Walsh and Karina Williamson. Oxford: Clarendon, 1983. 472 pp.
 Williamson, Karina. "Christopher Smart's Hymns and Spiritual Songs", PQ xxxviii (1959): 149.

1765 poems
British poems
Christian poetry
Poetry by Christopher Smart

Hymns and Spiritual Songs (book)


Mary Frances Tarlton "Sissy" Farenthold (October 2, 1926 – September 26, 2021) was an American politician, attorney, activist, and educator. She was best known for her two campaigns for governor of Texas in 1972 and 1974, and for being placed in nomination for vice president of the United States, finishing second at the 1972 Democratic National Convention. She was elected as the first chair of the National Women's Political Caucus in 1973.

Early life and education
Mary Frances Tarlton was born in Corpus Christi, Texas, on October 2, 1926, the daughter of Catherine (Bluntzer) and Benjamin Dudley Tarlton, Jr., a district attorney. She was nicknamed "Sissy" as her slightly older brother could not yet pronounce the word sister. After attending the Hockaday School, Farenthold graduated from Vassar College in 1946. In 1949, she graduated from the University of Texas School of Law. She was one of only three women in a class of 800. Farenthold came from a line of lawyers and judges. Her grandfather, Judge Benjamin D. Tarlton Sr., served as chief justice of the Texas Court of Civil Appeals, a state legislator, professor at the University of Texas School of Law and as the namesake of the University of Texas School of Law Tarlton Law Library.

Career

Politics
Farenthold started her political career in 1968, when she was elected to represent Nueces and Kleberg counties in the Texas House of Representatives. She ran against Jack K. Pedigo of Corpus Christi, Texas, graduate of the University of Michigan Law School and World War II veteran. She was the only woman serving in the Texas House at the time. Senator Barbara Jordan was then the only woman serving in the Texas Senate. They co-sponsored the Equal Legal Rights Amendment to the Texas Constitution.

Farenthold was the third woman whose name was put into nomination for vice president of the United States at a major party's nominating convention. The first was Lena Springs, who was not a public official and whose 1924 nomination was a gesture of affection. The second was India Edwards in 1952, whose nomination was also a gesture of gratitude for her influence over Harry Truman. At the Democratic National Convention in 1972, Farenthold came in second to the presidential nominee's choice, U.S. Senator Thomas F. Eagleton of Missouri. She garnered more delegate votes (404.04) than Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska, Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana, and Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia, among others.

In 1972, and 1974, she unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for governor of Texas. She was defeated both times by Dolph Briscoe of Uvalde, who went on to win the general election each time. In 1973, she was elected as the first chair of the National Women's Political Caucus. She later served as president of Wells College in Aurora, New York, from 1976 to 1980.

Farenthold founded the Public Leadership Education Network in 1978 with key support for her vision from Ruth Mandel, who directed the Center for American Women and Politics, which is a part of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers University and Betsey Wright, who headed the National Women's Education Fund. The organization was founded on Farenthold's proposal that women's colleges needed to work together to educate and prepare women for public leadership.

Human rights work
During her tenure at Wells, Farenthold expanded her work with women's groups and anti-nuclear, peace, and human rights groups. She was an active member of Helsinki Watch, the predecessor to the organization Human Rights Watch and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Farenthold left Wells College in 1980 to return to Houston, where she opened a private law practice and taught law at the University of Houston. She also continued to devote significant time to the international women's movement and began a collaboration with her cousin, Genevieve Vaughan, that would last the next decade.

Farenthold and Vaughan organized the Peace Tent at the 1985 U.N. NGO Forum in Nairobi, Kenya, in conjunction with the third United Nations World Conference on Women. They also were founding members of Women For a Meaningful Summit, an ad hoc coalition of female leaders voicing concerns for nuclear disarmament at the Reagan–Gorbachev summits. Farenthold worked with the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), a progressive multi-issue think tank devoted to peace, justice, and the environment. With IPS, Farenthold made trips to investigate human rights violations in Central America and Iraq.

She was an emeritus trustee for the Institute for Policy Studies and served on the advisory board of the Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice at the University of Texas. She also served as honorary director of the Rothko Chapel in Houston.

Personal life
She married George Farenthold (1915–2000) in 1950, and divorced him in 1985. They had five children: Dudley (born 1951), George Jr. (born 1952), Emilie (born 1954), and twins Vincent Bluntzer Tarlton (1956–1960) and James Robert Dougherty (born 1956; disappeared 1989). Her step-grandson, Blake Farenthold, was elected in 2010 to the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas as a Republican, and served as a member of the Tea Party Caucus until he resigned April 6, 2018, due to allegations he used $84,000 of taxpayer money to pay a settlement to a former aide who accused him of sexual harassment and other improper conduct.

Death
Farenthold died from complications caused by Parkinson's disease on September 26, 2021, at the age of 94 at her home in Houston.

References

External links
 Frances Tarlton "Sissy" Farenthold: A Noble Citizen, an online exhibit about Farenthold and her career, from the Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice at UT Austin
 A Guide to the Frances Tarlton Farenthold Papers The archival finding aid to Farenthold's physical papers at the Briscoe Center for American History at UT Austin.
 Institute for Policy Studies
 Oral History Interview with Frances Farenthold from Oral Histories of the American South
 The Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice
 Farenthold, Frances "Sissy" and Frank Michel. Frances "Sissy" Farenthold Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, October 1, 2007.

1926 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians
21st-century American women
American women academics
Candidates in the 1972 United States elections
Candidates in the 1974 United States elections
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Female candidates for Vice President of the United States
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Hockaday School alumni
Democratic Party members of the Texas House of Representatives
Politicians from Corpus Christi, Texas
University of Houston faculty
Vassar College alumni
Wells College faculty
Women heads of universities and colleges
Women state legislators in Texas

Frances Farenthold


was a Japanese Christian journalist who published several books in the United States and the United Kingdom. He was born in Yonezawa, educated in the law in Japan, and was for a short time engaged in newspaper work in that country.

He sometimes wrote under the name of K. K. Kawakami. Although Japanese do not have middle names, he is said to have been a socialist in his youth, when he apparently adopted the middle name  "Karl" (from Karl Marx).

In 1901 he travelled to the United States and studied at the universities of Iowa and Wisconsin. In 1905, engaged in journalism, he traveled extensively in China, Siberia, and Russia. He was a correspondent for leading newspapers in Tokyo and a frequent contributor to American magazines and newspapers.

Early life

Kiyoshi Kawakami was the youngest born into a family of three brothers and three sisters, with the given name of Yushichi Miyashita. His mother died probably related to childbirth, and his father died soon after. Within the next two years, his oldest brother died of war wounds and another brother died from an illness. He and his siblings lived with their grandmother in poverty, selling family belongings to put food on the table. When he was six years old he was put into the care of the local Shinto shrine in order to relieve food insecurity in the family.

He returned home, however, homesick, and was read to frequently by his grandmother. When he was eight years old, his grandmother sold more belongings to be able to send him to elementary school. He was able to go onto junior high school, where he learned English at the age of thirteen.

Kiyoshi Kawakami was fourteen years old when he heard his first pro-democracy speech at a playhouse in town. He was fifteen years old when he met his first foreigner, American Methodist missionary J.G. Cleveland who taught English at the Yonezawa junior-high school.

In 1890 at seventeen years old, Kawakami went to Tokyo, where he worked as a houseboy in exchange for educational opportunities provided by a growing number of sponsoring acquaintances, first among them Retired Navy Lieutenant Toshitoro Sone and including Mr. Shigenori Uesugi who helped him attend Tokyo Law Institute (at present the CHUO university).

After his sponsor Uesugi ended, he was admitted to  English vocational school Aoyama Institute, now Aoyama Gakuin University, by Methodist minister Koichi Honda. It was at the Aoyama Institute that Kawakami acquired his nickname "Karl" after a new enthusiasm he found for Karl Marx — a nickname he began to use as a middle name, especially on his later published work. Upon leaving the Aoyama Institute at twenty-three, Kawakami taught English to noncommissioned officers and began a career as a freelance writer with an article for a youth magazine and a German history book for high-schoolers commissioned by publisher Otowa Ohashi.

Writings
Kawakami's pre-war writings sought to whitewash the Japanese military and economic penetration and invasion of China and Manchuria, presenting Japanese actions as aimed at saving China from chaos and disintegration. At the same time, however, they presented China as "scheming" to distort and obstruct Japanese goodwill in order to turn Western opinion against Japan. He was regarded in the United States as an apologist for Japanese imperialism and was briefly arrested after the outbreak of war. Some of his writings were included in the massive, ten volume series "Japanese Propaganda: Selected Readings: A Collection" edited by Peter O'Connor of Musashino University and published by the University of Hawaii Press in 2004.

According to Gary Y. Okihiro, the Japanese government subsidized Kawakami to refute the hostile writers and establish a favorable image of Japanese in the American mind.  Kawakami's books especially Asia at the Door (1914) and The Real Japanese Question (1921) tried to refute the false slanders generated by deceitful agitators and politicians. The books confront the main allegations regarding assimilation, and boast of the positive Japanese contributions to American economy and society, especially in Hawaii and California.

Selected bibliography
Political Ideas of the Modern Japan (1903)
American-Japanese Relations: An Inside View of Japan's Policies and Purposes (1912)
Asia at the Door (1914)
Japan and World Politics (1917)
Japan and World Peace (1919)
The Real Japanese Question (1921).
Jokichi Takamine: A Record of His American Achievements (1928)
Japan Speaks on the Sino-Japanese Crisis (1932)
Manchoukuo: Child of Conflict (1933).
Japan in China, Her Motives and Aims (1938)

See also
Tanaka Memorial

References

External links
About Conspiracy of Japan (from his Japan Speaks in 1932)
Jack London, War of the Classes, "Wanted: A New Law of Development"

1873 births
1949 deaths
Japanese writers
Japanese non-fiction writers
English-language writers from Japan
Aoyama Gakuin University alumni
people from Yamagata Prefecture

Kiyoshi Kawakami


The Taieri Plain (also referred to in the plural as the Taieri Plains) is an area of fertile agricultural land to the southwest of Dunedin, in Otago, New Zealand. The plain covers an area of some 300 square kilometres, with a maximum extent of 30 kilometres. It is not to be confused with Strath Taieri, a second plain of the Taieri River, 40kms to the north beyond Mount Ross.

The floodplain of the Taieri and Waipori Rivers, the plain is enclosed to the west by Maungatua and the Silverpeaks Range, and to the south and east by a low range of coastal hills.

Dairy and sheep farming dominate the agriculture of the plain, although deer farming is starting to have an economic impact. The alluvial nature of the land means that floods are not uncommon, especially in the area around the confluence of the two rivers. Stopbanks protect farmland, houses and Dunedin International Airport at Momona. State Highway 1 crosses parts of the plain along some of the stopbanks, with the result that this stretch of road is known locally as The "Floodfree" Highway.

New Zealand's lowest point, at 2m below sea level, is slightly north of the airport on Kirk's Drain Road, Momona.

To the northeast, the city of Dunedin is separated from the Taieri Plain by a range of rugged hills which are part of the crater of an extinct volcano. At the northeastern limit of the plain lies the town of Mosgiel, officially part of the city of Dunedin. Other settlements and towns on the plain include Outram, Henley, Allanton, and Momona.

To the southwest, a short stretch of rolling hill country separates the Taieri Plain from South Otago's other main lowland areas around the Tokomairaro River and Clutha River. The twin lakes of Waihola and Waipori sit within these hills, as does the Sinclair Wetlands Reserve.

References

Further reading
 Shaw, M. S., and Farrant, E. D. (1949) The Taieri Plain: Tales of years that are gone. Dunedin: Otago Centennial Historical Publications.

Landforms of Otago
Plains of New Zealand
Floodplains of Oceania
Taieri River

Taieri Plain


The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) is a huge baleen whale. It is the second largest animal on Earth (the blue whale is the biggest). This whale is sometimes called the "greyhound of the sea" because of its fast swimming speed; it can swim up to 23 mph (37 km/hr) in short bursts. The fin whale is also called the finback, finner, razorback, common rorqual, and herring whale.

Description
The fin whale is a streamlined whale that is found worldwide; it is most common in the North Atlantic. There are three separate populations of fin whales, one in the North Pacific, one in the North Atlantic, and one in the Southern Hemisphere; they do not interbreed. Many groups of fin whales migrate between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. This whale usually swims in pods of 3-7 whales but larger groups (up to 300 animals) may form at rich feeding grounds.

Diet and baleen
Fin whales are filter feeders that eat plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill and copepods) and small fish from the water. They have very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. Each side of the upper jaw has 270-470 baleen plates.

References

Baleen whales

Fin whale


Major General Sir Archibald Galloway  (12 February 1779 – 6 April 1850), was a Scottish military officer, a Director of the Honorable East India Company, and a writer on military strategy, warfare, and the law in India.

Biography
Archibald Galloway was born in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland, the son of James Galloway of that city and region. He obtained a cadetship in 1799, and on 29 October 1800 was appointed ensign in the 14th Bengal native infantry. He afterwards served in the 29th, 10th, and 2nd Bengal native infantry regiments, and was gazetted colonel of the 58th Bengal native infantry on 22 September 1836. Galloway took part in the defence of Delhi, and distinguished himself greatly by his gallantry at the siege of Bhurtpore. He was appointed by Lord William Bentinck a member of the military board, and was nominated a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 20 July 1838 in Queen Victoria's Coronation Honours. On 24 Sept. 1840 he was elected a director of the East India Company, and on 23 Nov. 1841 received the rank of major-general. He was created a K.C.B. when knighted by Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace on 25 August 1848, and in the following year became Chairman of the Honourable East India Company. He died at his home in 18 Upper Harley Street, London, on 6 April 1850, aged 71. He left three sons and six daughters. An engraved portrait of Sir Archibald Galloway was published by Dickinson of New Bond Street in August 1850. He

Honors and Credits
Galloway was thanked for his many and varied services to the Indian government by "commanders-in-chief in India on nine different occasions, and by the supreme government of India, or the court of directors, and superior authorities in England on upwards of thirty occasions". He married Adelaide Campbell in Calcutta India on 28 November 1815. He was by then a captain in the H.C.S. and 36 years of age. Prior to this marriage, he had fathered two sons by an unknown partner/wife, named James and George. There was a recorded Baptism for James age 10 years and George age 9 years dated 14 Jan 1816, about six weeks after his marriage to Adelaide Campbell. James was born about 1806 and died 17 March 1841 aged 32 in Bengal India. Younger brother George was born about 1807. George married Rebecca Baldwin on 17 December 1833 in the Calcutta Cathedral George Galloway was the great grandfather of Mary Blanche Gertrude Galloway who married Vernon Hope French in Rangoon on 16 September 1906.

Literary works
Sir Archibald was the author of the following works : 1. A Commentary on the Mohammedan Law. 2. Notes on the Siege of Delhi in 1804, with Observations on the position of the Indian Government under the Marquess of Wellesley, 8vo. 3. On Sieges of India. This work is said to have been reprinted, on the recommendation of General Mudge, by the court of directors, and used at their military college, and to have been distributed to the army for general instruction by the orders of the Marquis of Hastings (ib. p. 661). 4. Treatise on the Manufacture of Gunpowder. 5. 'Observations on the Law and Constitution and present Government of India,' &c., second edition, with additions, London, 1832, 8vo.

References

1780 births
1850 deaths
19th-century Scottish writers
Writers from Perth, Scotland
Military personnel from Perth, Scotland
Directors of the British East India Company
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

Archibald Galloway


Color of Night is a 1994 American erotic mystery thriller movie. It was released on August 19, 1994. It is directed by Richard Rush. It stars Bruce Willis, Jane March and Scott Bakula. Color of Night gained notoriety for sex scenes between Willis and March, which were somewhat graphic and explicit by mainstream standards. The character Rose (played by March) is a bisexual woman. The scenes led the MPAA to give Color of Night an NC-17 rating; certain scenes were then removed before release. Color of Night is rated R for sexual content, graphic violence and very strong language. Maxim magazine has singled out the movie as having the best sex scene in movie history.

References

Other websites

1994 crime thriller movies
1990s erotic movies
1994 LGBT movies
1994 mystery movies
American crime thriller movies
American erotic movies
American LGBT movies
American mystery movies
1990s English-language movies
Mental disorders in fiction
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in New York City
American independent movies

Color of Night


Gullstruck Island, (also known as The Lost Conspiracy) was written by Frances Hardinge and published on 1 June 2009.  It was the fourth fantasy book written by Frances Hardinge.

Summary

The Lost are a kind of oracle that can send their minds out across Gullstruck Island in order to do many impossible tasks, such as finding criminals. The Lace are a tribe on Gullstruck Island that have been mistrusted for several centuries after they committed murders against other settlers. In recent years, the Lace have proclaimed that one of their own people, a girl named Arilou, is a Lost, and have managed to obtain some recognition and respect for themselves. With the help of her younger sister/assistant Hathin, Arilou is trained to take part in a special test that will examine her abilities.

The issue with Arilou is that she may not be a Lost at all, but rather an imbecile. Hathin is forced to keep up the lie for her people's sake, especially since the test could well oust Arilou as an imposter and endanger the Lace's future.

External links
Review in the Guardian
Review in the Sunday Times

2009 British novels
2009 fantasy novels
English adventure novels
English fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
Novels set on islands
2009 children's books
Macmillan Publishers books

Gullstruck Island


Luidia senegalensis, the nine-armed sea star, is a tropical species of starfish in the family Luidiidae found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Description
The nine-armed sea star has long, slim tapering arms attached to a small circular central disc. It grows to a diameter of about . The aboral or upper surface has a patchwork of closely packed spiny plates. The square ones near the edge of the arms are cream coloured and the irregular ones in a band running down the middle of the arms are grey. The margins of the arms are fringed with short white spines. The oral or underside of the sea star has further small white spiny plates down the edges of the arms and a central band of translucent, orange tube feet. Like other members of its genus, it has tube feet without suckers. The mouth is at the centre of the disc and there is no anus, undigested food fragments being expelled through the mouth.

Distribution and habitat
The nine-armed sea star is found at depths of up to  around the coasts of Florida, in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and along the coast of South America to southern Brazil. It favours sandy, muddy or shelly seabeds in sheltered locations such as lagoons. It occupies the same range as the closely related gray sea star (Luidia clathrata) and has a very similar colouring but is easily distinguished by the number of arms, L. clathrata Nine..

Biology
The nine-armed sea star is a scavenger and a predator and examination of the stomach contents  show that the diet consists primarily of molluscs, small crustaceans and polychaete worms. Many of the food items were swallowed whole and had been ingested by the starfish everting its stomach and engulfing its prey. It also buries itself in the substrate and engulfs "mouthfuls" of sediment, filtering it through its oral spines and extracting detritus and small organisms such as brittle stars.

Breeding takes place at different times of the year in different parts of the range. The sea stars liberate their gametes into the sea where fertilisation takes place. The eggs hatch into bipinnaria larva which drift with the plankton. In about 25 days they have grown considerably and settle on the sea bed before undergoing metamorphosis into juvenile sea stars.

In polluted waters, the nine-armed sea star has been found to concentrate heavy metals into its tissues. Zinc, and to a lesser extent nickel, lead, cadmium and silver accumulate in the body wall and the pyloric caeca (parts of the gut which project into the arms).

In the Indian River Lagoon, a small brown polychaete worm sometimes lives on the surface of the sea star as a commensal. There may be several on one sea star and they probably benefit from the stirring up of the sediment caused by the sea star's activities.

References

External links

Luidia
Fauna of the Atlantic Ocean
Marine fauna of North America
Marine fauna of South America
Animals described in 1816
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Luidia senegalensis


The Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge, also known as the Monument Place Bridge, is the oldest extant bridge, built in 1817, in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The bridge carries U.S. Route 40 over Little Wheeling Creek in Elm Grove. The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 1981.

History
Colonel Moses Shepherd (1763–1832), son of David Shepherd and Rachel (née Teague) Shepherd and first husband of Lydia (née Boggs) Shepherd Cruger (1766–1867), moved to Wheeling with his parents and siblings from Shepherdstown, West Virginia about 1771 and built his prominent home, Shepherd Hall, in 1798. Shepherd rose to prominence in the area and befriended House Speaker Henry Clay, a friendship credited with the National Road running through Wheeling as well as Shepherd being awarded contracts to construct all bridges along the National Road in Ohio County

The construction on the bridge began in 1817 and was completed later the same year. The bridge saw remodeling in 1931 and reinforced in 1953. The bridge is still in use today, still carrying traffic along Route 40.

Appearance

The Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge is a 3 span stone arched bridge. The bridge is constructed with solid uncoarsed limestone blocks. The bridge reaches 208 feet in length over the Little Wheeling Creek below. The middle arch spans 38 feet with two arches to either side spanning 25 feet. The arches are shaped in an ellipse pattern rather than the popular semicircular pattern for aesthetic reasons giving the bridge a "humpback" appearance.

Original buttresses were removed in 1931 to make room for sidewalks on either side of the driving lanes. In 1953 the bridge was sprayed with gunite to reinforce and strengthen the bridge. The road has been paved with asphalt several times but has not destroyed the natural integrity in which it was designed and built in 1817.

See also

 National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio County, West Virginia
 National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia

References

Buildings and structures in Ohio County, West Virginia
Landmarks in West Virginia
Bridges completed in 1817
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Transportation in Ohio County, West Virginia
U.S. Route 40
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
National Register of Historic Places in Ohio County, West Virginia
Stone arch bridges in the United States

Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge


Nether Lypiatt Manor is a compact, neo-Classical manor house in the mainly rural parish of Thrupp, near Stroud in Gloucestershire. It was formerly the country home of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent and is a Grade I listed building.

Description

Built in the early 1700s by an unknown architect for Judge Charles Coxe, with one wing added in 1931 by Morley Horder, the small house forms a perfect square of  on each side, with sash windows, tall chimneys, hipped roofs and gate piers and railings. The attic storey with dormers was removed in 1844, but replaced by Horder c.1923. It has been praised by architectural historian Mark Girouard as perfectly exemplifying the early eighteenth-century formal house in miniature. The house, in  of grounds, has four reception rooms, eight bedrooms, and four bathrooms. It comprises four floors, including a tall basement and an attic floor. Inside, much of the early eighteenth-century panelling survives, as do original stone fireplaces. A fine staircase runs from basement to attic.

There is a possibility that Nether Lypiatt Manor was the influence for the Governor's Palace in Williamsburg, Virginia.

The garden designer Rosemary Verey worked on the gardens of Nether Lypiatt for Prince and Princess Michael.

The grounds have recently been re-developed with a series of new gardens, including a refurbished traditional flower garden in keeping with the original arts and crafts backbone of vistas and hedges.

History
On the death of Thomas Freame in 1689, his estate at Nether Lypiatt was divided between his two co-heiresses.  One, Anne Chamberlayne, obtained the previous house, which stood near to the present house. Her daughter Catherine married judge Charles Coxe (1656–1728), MP for Cirencester and later Gloucester, and circuit judge in Wales, They inherited the house in 1699 and built the present house in the early 1700s. Their son John inherited the house in 1728 after which it passed down in his family until 1914 (though, from 1884, occupied by tenants), when it was bought by Arthur Stanton. He sold it to Mr Corbett Woodall, who commissioned architect Peter Morley Horder to recondition the house, installing bathrooms and planting the avenue of limes to the south.

In 1923 it was bought by Gordon Woodhouse (heir to a Marsala fortune) and his wife, the harpsichordist Violet Gordon Woodhouse, who lived in a menage a cinq.
They added the north-west pavilion and improved the interior. After Gordon's death in 1951, the property passed to Captain John Gwynne, a nephew of Violet. In 1956–7, Frederick Nettlefold, with Jeremy Benson as his architect, lifted and completely rebuilt the roof in strict accordance with the original plan, after an 1848 inaccurate re-roof.

In 1980 it was bought by Prince and Princess Michael.
Other members of the British royal family also lived near Prince and Princess Michael at Nether Lypiatt. Anne, Princess Royal lived at nearby Gatcombe Park, and Charles, Prince of Wales lived at Highgrove House near Tetbury.

Sale
In 2005, Nether Lypiatt Manor was put up for sale. The agent was originally asking for offers in excess of £6 million, but by  February 2006 this had been lowered to £5.5 million. According to the Sunday Times it was purchased by the businessman and Labour life peer Lord Drayson for £5.75 million. The property was put up for sale again in 2023, launching in the Country Life on 31 May at a price of £11 million.

Further reading
For a review of Nether Lypiatt Manor (with 27 photographs) see Christopher Hussey in Country Life, 19 and 26 May 1934, and for Morley Horder's restorations in particular, see R. Randal Phillips in idem, 24 March and 7 April 1923; see also Osbert Sitwell, Noble Essences or Courteous Revelations and Craftsmen (London 1950), pp. 255–256, and Sachervell Sitwell, British Architects and Craftsmen (4th edn. 1948), p. 40. For a history of Nether Lypiatt, see Mary A Rudd, Historical Records of Bisley with Lypiatt (Gloucester, 1937), wherein, however, the date of the building is wrongly taken as 1717." Quotation from The Nettlefolds, A Genealogical Account of The Family of Nettlefold by C. Anthony Crofton Anno Domini MDCCCClxii.
All books mentioned In the quotation, can be found, in The British Library.

Telegraph article on the house's history
Nicholas Mander, Country Houses of the Cotswolds (Aurum Press, 2008)

References

Country houses in Gloucestershire
Grade I listed houses in Gloucestershire
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Stroud District

Nether Lypiatt Manor


Ronald M. Cohen (December 23, 1939, Chicago, Illinois – April 21, 1998, Los Angeles, California) was a US American screen writer and film producer.

His screenwriting career started in the 1960s and he studied Film at New York University. His screenwriting career encompassed Blue (1968 film), the 1977 film Twilight's Last Gleaming and the 1984 TV series Call to Glory. In 1977 he wrote a script for the movie adaption of Lothar-Günther Buchheims novel Das Boot, but it was rejected by Buchheim. For his screenwriting for the Series American Dream he was nominated for an Emmy in 1981. His last finished work was the screenwriting for the successful 1997 TV film Last Stand at Saber River starring Tom Selleck.

He was in a relationship with actress Julie Adams.

External links

 L.A. Times obituary

American male screenwriters
American television producers
American television writers
1939 births
1998 deaths
American male television writers
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters

Ronald M. Cohen


The black swamp snake (Liodytes pygaea) is a species of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States. There are three subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies.

Common names
Additional common names for L. pygaea include black swampsnake, mud snake, red-bellied mud snake, and swamp snake.

Subspecies
The following three subspecies are recognized as being valid.
South Florida swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea cyclas
Carolina swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea paludis
North Florida swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea pygaea

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Liodytes.

Geographic range
L. pygaea is found in the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida on the east coast of the United States.

Habitat
L. pygaea prefers swampland habitat that is heavily vegetated.

Description
The black swamp snake is a small, thin snake, usually  long (including tail); the record size is . It is uniformly black on the dorsum, with a bright orange or red belly.

Behavior
The black swamp snake is almost entirely aquatic. It spends most of its time hiding among dense vegetation in tannic cypress swamps.

Diet
L. pygaea feeds on small fish, tadpoles, frogs, salamanders, sirens, amphiumas, and invertebrates, such as leeches and earthworms.

Reproduction
The black swamp snake is ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young directly in shallow water. Unlike many snakes, females feed actively while gravid, suggesting that they may pass nutrients directly on to the young. Broods of 11 to 13 have been observed. Newborns are 11–14 cm (4¼-5⅜ in) long (including tail).

References

External links
Florida Museum of Natural History: Online Guide to the Snakes of Florida.
"Black Snakes": Identification and Ecology - University of Florida fact sheet.

Further reading
Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. . (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 652–653 + Plates 487, 494).
Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Tropidonotus pygæus, new combination, p. 228).
Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 32. (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 107–108 + Plate 20, figure 59).
Cope ED (1871). "Ninth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23: 200–224. (Contia pygæa, new species, pp. 223–224).
Dowling, Herndon G. (1950). "Studies of the black swamp snake, Seminatrix pygaea (Cope), with descriptions of two new subspecies". Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (76): 1-38. (Seminatrix pygaea cyclas, new subspecies, pp. 14–17; S. p. paludis, new subspecies, pp. 12–14).
McVay, John David; Carstens, Bryan (2013). "Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (3): 425–431. (Liodytes pygaea, new combination).
Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures. . (Liodytes pygaea, pp. 413–414 + Plate 42).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.  (paperback),  (hardcover). (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 158–159).
Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Seminatrix pygaea, p. 97).
Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 662–669, Figures 194–195, Map 50).
Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. Revised Edition. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 79–80, 156).

Liodytes
Reptiles of the United States
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope

Black swamp snake


A branch is a part of a tree.

Branch or branching could also mean:

Computing
 Branch (computer science), a point in a computer program where program-flow may change depending on a condition.
Branch predictor, the part of a processor that determines whether a conditional branch in the instruction flow of a program is likely to be taken or not.
Branch table, a term used to describe an efficient method of transferring program control (branching) to another part of a program using a table of branch instructions.
 Indirect branch, a type of program control instruction.
 Branching (software), a way of duplicating an object under revision control.

Geography
 Branch, Arkansas, United States
 Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Mathematics
 Branch (graph theory), a concept in mathematical logic
 Branch point, a point at which a multiple-valued function changes values
 Principal branch, a function which selects one branch of a multi-valued function

Religion
 Branch (Christ), the Branch Davidian new name of Christ
 Branch (Latter Day Saints), the Latter Day Saints equivalent of a congregation

Other
 Arthur Branch, a fictional character on the TV crime drama Law & Order
 Branch (academia), an academic sub-discipline
 Branch (banking), a retail location.
 Branch (business), a franchise location.
 Branch (bridle), a crooked piece of iron in a bit shank
 Branch line, a relatively minor railway line
 Branching (chemistry), a concept in polymer chemistry
 Branching (linguistics), the general tendency towards a given order of words within sentences and smaller grammatical units within sentences
 Cadet branch, a family line of nobility not descending from the first born son
 Earthly Branches, one Chinese system for reckoning time
 Executive branch, the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the state
 Olive branch, a gesture of peace
 Post office branch, a type of postal facility that is not a main post office

People named Branch
 Branch, Christopher (circa 1600-1682), early American colonist
 Branch, Cliff (1948–2019), retired American football player
 Branch, David (born 1948), Commissioner of the Ontario Hockey League
 Branch, Emmett Forrest (1874-1932), governor of the U.S. state of Indiana
 Branch, Frank (born 1944), Canadian politician
 Branch, John, Jr. (1782–1863), U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, governor of North Carolina, and  territorial governor of Florida
 Branch, Lawrence O'Bryan (1820-1862), Confederate General and Representative from North Carolina
 Branch, Michael (born 1978), English professional footballer
 Branch, Michelle (born 1983), American singer, songwriter and guitarist
 Branch, Vanessa (born 1973), British actress and model
 McCracken, Branch (1908–1970), college men's basketball coach

Related pages
 Branch County
 Branch Township
 East Branch
 Fort Branch
 Long Branch
 North Branch
 South Branch
 West Branch
 USS Branch

Branch (disambiguation)


Marc Shell, born 1947 in Montreal, is a Canadian literary critic. He has interests in nationalism and kinship. He serves as  Babbitt Professor of Comparative Literature and Professor of English at Harvard University. Over 5 of his publications have each been cited over 100 times.

Education
Shell studied at McGill University and Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned a B.A. from Stanford University and a Ph.D. from Yale University. Before Harvard, he taught at The State University of New York (Buffalo) and the University of Massachusetts (Amherst). Shell received a MacArthur Fellowship.

"New Economic Criticism"
Shell is one of the forerunners, along with Jean-Joseph Goux and others, of the literary-critical movement that has been dubbed 'New Economic Criticism  '. His contributions to the study of relations between linguistic and literary economies are encompassed in several books,

 The Economy of Literature (Johns Hopkins University Press 1978).
 Money, Language, and Thought: Literary and Philosophical Economies from the Medieval to the Modern Era (UC Berkeley 1982).
 Art and Money (University of Chicago Press 1995).

Forthcoming works in this area include the following:
 Wampum and the Origin of American Money (University of Illinois Press, 2013).
 The Painting in the Trash Bin: Otis Kaye and the Perplexities of Art (Chicago, forthcoming).
 The End of Kinship: "Measure for Measure," Incest, and the Ideal of Universal Siblinghood (Stanford 1988).
 Children of the Earth: Literature, Politics, and Nationhood (Oxford 1993).
 Elizabeth's Glass:  With "The Glass of the Sinful Soul" (1544) by Elizabeth I and "Epistle Dedicatory" and "Conclusion" (1548) by John Bale (Nebraska 1995).

Multilingualism: Shell is the co-founder of Harvard's Longfellow Institute, which is devoted to the study of Non-English American literatures, relevant books about translation, language policy and bilingualism that include:

 The Multilingual Anthology of American Literature (NYU ed. 2000)
 American Babel:  Literatures of the United States from Abnaki to Zuni (Harvard ed. 2002)

Disability studies: Shell's books in disability studies include works about paralysis and stuttering.

 Polio and its Aftermath (Harvard 2005)
 Stutter (Harvard 2006)

 Canada and the United States: Shell's writings about Canada and the United States include:

 French-Canadian / American Literary Relations (McGill French Canada Studies Centre 1968)
 Grand Manan: or, A Short History of North America (McGill-Queens 2015 forthcoming)

References

External  links
Marc Shell

1947 births
Living people
Canadian expatriate academics in the United States
Canadian literary critics
Disability studies academics
Harvard University faculty
MacArthur Fellows
University at Buffalo faculty
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
McGill University alumni
Yale University alumni
State University of New York faculty
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
Stanford University alumni

Marc Shell


Ontario Highway 23 is a povincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 7 near Middlesex Centre. It continues north, passing through Perth County. The highway ends at Highway 9 and Highway 89 in Harriston. It is 97.7 kilometers (60.7 miles) long.

Much of the highway passes through rural areas.

20

Ontario Highway 23


Hamish Hancock (born 1947) is a former National Party MP for Horowhenua and a lawyer.

Education
Hancock attended Wellington College and Victoria University of Wellington, where he earned an LLM.  He was active as a debater at University, earning a debating blue, and was awarded the Plunket Medal for debating in 1970.  Hancock was a member of the New Zealand national debating team in that year.

Legal career
Hancock practised as a solicitor for national law firm Rudd Watts and Stone, rising to a partnership.

Parliamentary career

Hancock was elected MP for the seat of Horowhenua, defeating sitting Labour MP Annette King by a small majority, after National's landslide win in 1990.  He subsequently lost the seat to Labour MP Judy Keall in 1993.

Later career
Hancock returned to practise as a solicitor, joining the Crown Law Office as Crown Counsel for public law.  He has defended the Crown against numerous public law actions, primarily in the High Court, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court.

Hancock is married to Shelley, and they have four sons.

References

 1990 Parliamentary Candidates for the New Zealand National Party by John Stringer (New Zealand National Party, 1990)

1947 births
People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand)
Living people
20th-century New Zealand lawyers
New Zealand National Party MPs
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1993 New Zealand general election
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
21st-century New Zealand lawyers

Hamish Hancock


Player versus environment (PvE, also known as player versus monster (PvM)) is a term used for both single player and online games, particularly MMORPGs, CORPGs, MUDs, other online role-playing video games and survival games to refer to fighting computer-controlled enemies—in contrast to PvP (player versus player). In survival games a large part may be fighting the elements, controlling hunger and thirst, learning to adapt to the environment and exploration.

Usually a PvE mode can be played alone, with human companions or with AI companions. The PvE mode may contain a storyline that is narrated as the player progresses through missions. It may also contain missions that may be done in any order.

Examples
Guild Wars narrates its story by displaying in-game cut scenes and dialogue with non-playable characters (NPCs). To enhance replayability, missions can often be completed many times. Characters playing in this mode are often protected against being killed by other players and/or having their possessions stolen. An example of a game where this is not the case is Eve Online, where players can be, and often are, ambushed by other human players player versus player while attempting to complete a quest.
Some games, such as World of Warcraft, offer the player the choice of participating in open-world PvP combat or doing quests without PvP interruption through use of specialty servers and temporary player flags.

See also
 Player versus player
 Cooperative gameplay
 Deathmatch
 Single player video game

References

MUD terminology
Role-playing game terminology
Video game gameplay
Video game terminology

Player versus environment


La vida no vale nada ("Life is Worth Nothing") is a 1955 Mexican film. It was written by Luis Alcoriza and Janet Alcoriza, and directed by Rogelio A. González.

Plot

The film tells the story of a depressed, drunk and melancholic man, who wanders aimlessly and meets people who give him the opportunity to demonstrate his human value, but in the end he always escapes or gets depressed because of a sorrow he has inside his heart. . But he will try to discover his reason for being in the world, seeing his life in retrospect and thus be able to find his destiny.

Cast

Pedro Infante as Pablo Galvan.
Domingo Soler as Leandro, Pablo's father.
Wolf Ruvinskis as the "Alligator".
Lilia Prado as Martha.
Rosario Granados as Cruz, a widowed mother of two children.
Magda Guzmán as Silvia, a woman who falls in love with Pablo.
Hortensia Santoveña as Pablo's mother.
Manuel Dondé as Carmelo, Pablo's friend.
Dolores Tinoco as "Mama Irene".
Nacho Contla as Don Pánfilo.
Aurora Ruiz Álvarez as Teo, Cruz's employee considered to be family.
Ramón Valdés as Bus Driver - (uncredited).
José Pardavé as drunken baker - (uncredited).
Leonor Gómez as saleswoman - (uncredited).
Paquito Fernández as Pablo's brother - (uncredited).

External links

1955 films
1950s Spanish-language films
Films directed by Rogelio A. González
Mexican drama films
1955 drama films
Mexican black-and-white films
1950s Mexican films

La vida no vale nada


Hafskip was Iceland's second-largest shipping line before its collapse which became a national scandal.

The firm had fallen deep into debt through its investment in new ships, intended to help the firm compete with Eimskip and American shipping firms in the transatlantic shipping trade. It was declared bankrupt on December 6, 1985; this led in turn to the collapse of its main lending bank, Útvegsbanki (the Fisheries Bank of Iceland). Partly because of Hafskip's ties to Iceland's finance minister Albert Guðmundsson, who was its former chairman and still a shareholder at the time of the firm's collapse, Hafskip's bankruptcy became a fuel for rival politicians, and ignited a criminal investigation which lasted six years.

Björgólfur Guðmundsson, Hafskip's managing director, and the Hafskip executives Pill Bragi Kristjónsson, Ragnar Kjartansson and the company's auditor, Helgi Magnússon, were detained and later charged with 450 criminal counts, from embezzlement to fraud. Björgólfur Guðmundsson was found guilty on five counts of minor bookkeeping offenses and sentenced to 12 months' probation.

There was also another scandal with the same company that happened in 1978. But the second incident was larger.

See also
 Corporate scandal
 The MV Ranga, a ship chartered to Hafskip, but wrecked on the Irish coast in 1982

References

External links
 The Hafskip Affair - Article by Örnólfur Árnason, in the compendium Ísland í aldanna rás 1900-2000
 Lee, Peter, 'Landsbanki's New Masters Take Control', Euromoney, vol. 33 issue 403 (November 2002), pp. 34–47

Corporate scandals
Shipping companies of Iceland

Hafskip