Johannes Marten den Uijl, better known as Joop den Uyl (; 9 August 1919 – 24 December 1987) was a Dutch politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977. He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Den Uyl studied Economics at the University of Amsterdam obtaining a Master of Economics degree and worked as a civil servant at the Ministry of Economic Affairs from February 1942 until May 1945 and as a journalist and editor for Het Parool and Vrij Nederland from May 1945 until January 1949. Den Uyl served as director of the Wiardi Beckman Foundation from January 1949 until June 1963. Den Uyl became a Member of the House of Representatives shortly after the number of seats was raised from 100 to 150 seats following the election of 1956 serving from 6 November 1956 until 5 June 1963 as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Economics. Den Uyl was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cals Cabinet, taking office on 14 April 1965. After Labour Leader Anne Vondeling unexpectedly announced he was stepping down, Den Uyl announced his candidacy and was selected as his successor as Leader on 13 September 1966. In the election of 1967 Den Uyl served as Lijsttrekker (top candidate) and became Parliamentary leader, taking office on 23 February 1967. In the election of 1972 Den Uyl again served as Lijsttrekker and after a long cabinet formation formed the Den Uyl Cabinet and became Prime Minister of the Netherlands, taking office on 11 May 1973.

The Cabinet collapsed on 22 March 1977 following years of tensions in the ruling coalition. During the election of 1977 Den Uyl served as Lijsttrekker but following a difficult cabinet formation failed to create a new coalition. Den Uyl left office following the installation of the First Van Agt Cabinet on 19 December 1977 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as Parliamentary leader. For the election of 1981 Den Uyl again served as Lijsttrekker and following a cabinet formation with his successor— the leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal, Dries van Agt— formed the Second Van Agt Cabinet with Den Uyl appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, taking office on 11 September 1981. The cabinet fell just seven months into its term and was replaced with the caretaker Third Van Agt Cabinet, with Den Uyl resigning on 29 May 1982. For the election of 1982 Den Uyl again served as Lijsttrekker and returned to the House of Representatives as Parliamentary leader, taking office on 16 September 1982. For the election of 1986 Den Uyl once again served as Lijsttrekker but shortly thereafter announced he was stepping down as Leader on 21 July 1986 and endorsed former trade union leader Wim Kok as his successor though continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a backbencher. In October 1987 Den Uyl was diagnosed with a terminal brain tumor and died just three months later at the age of 68.

Den Uyl was known for his abilities as a skillful debater and as an idealistic and determined leader. During his premiership, his cabinet were responsible for major social reforms and dealing with several major crises such as the 1973 oil crisis, the Lockheed scandal, Moluccans incidents and the fallout of the Yom Kippur War. He holds the distinction as leading the most left-wing Dutch cabinet, and his premiership is seen as divisive with both scholars and the public, from considering him to have been average to him having been one of the best Prime Ministers since World War II.

Early life

Johannes Marten den Uijl was born on 9 August 1919 in the town of Hilversum. He was born in a Calvinist Reformed family. His father, Johannes den Uyl, was a shopkeeper and a basket weaver who died when Den Uyl was 10. Den Uyl attended the Christian Lyceum, the modern-day Comenius College, in Hilversum from 1931 to 1936. Following this he studied Economics at the University of Amsterdam. During this period in his life he left the church. In 1942 he attained the doctorandus degree. Until 1945 he was a civil servant at the National Bureau for Prices of Chemical Products, part of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. During that period he was part of the underground newspaper group that published the clandestine Het Parool. After World War II, Den Uyl worked for Het Parool, Vrij Nederland and other former resistance papers. From January 1949 to 1963 he was the head of the Wiardi Beckman Stichting, the think tank of the social democratic Labour Party. In 1953, at the invitation of the American government, Den Uyl stayed in the United States for a few months, gaining an appreciation of the American experience.

Political career
In 1953 Den Uyl was elected to the municipal council of Amsterdam and in 1956 he was elected to the House of Representatives. In 1963 he became municipal administrator for economic affairs in Amsterdam, resigning his parliamentary seat. He resigned that post in 1965 to become Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cals cabinet. As the responsible minister, he decided to close the uneconomic coal mines in Limburg, causing high local unemployment. Following the parliamentary elections of 1967, he became leader of the Labour Party in parliament.

Den Uyl's Labour Party won the 1972 election in alliance with the progressive liberal Democrats 66 and radical Christian Political Party of Radicals, but failed to achieve a majority in parliament. After lengthy negotiations, he formed Den Uyl cabinet with the Christian democratic Catholic People's Party and Anti-Revolutionary Party. This cabinet faced many problems. An early problem was the 1973 oil boycott following the Dutch support of Israel in the Yom Kippur war. Den Uyl said in a speech on national television that "things would never return to the way they were" and implemented fuel rationing and a ban on Sunday driving.

Between 1973 and 1977, the country's economic situation turned ugly. The government's budget deficit increased tenfold, inflation approached 10 percent, the unemployment rate doubled, and the current account went from positive to negative – the latter a critical problem in a country that rises or falls on foreign trade. Despite economic difficulties, however, real incomes grew from 1973-1977. According to a 1978 budget memorandum, the real disposable income of the "modal worker" (a statistical concept, as noted by one study, 'similar to the OECD's "average production worker" but at a somewhat lower level of earnings') went up by 10.3%, for minimum wage earners by 17.8%, and retired people by 27.3%. The government also enacted a wide range of progressive social reforms, such as significant increases in welfare payments, the indexation of benefits and the minimum wage to contractual private sector wage developments and a system of rent rebates (1975), Kindergartens and primary schools with high percentages of children from lower income families were provided with extra facilities (including more money and teachers) and cooperation was stimulated between schools and social and cultural institutions. In addition, 3 local compensatory education and family involvement projects that had been initiated in the early Seventies in Utrecht, Rotterdam and Amsterdam were subsidized by the Ministry of Education under the terms of a new educational development policy. The Primary Education Act of October 1974 gave more freedom to school heads regarding the programming of the curriculum, and an Act of June 1974 made supplementary benefits available to unemployed persons who accepted lower paid- work, with those over 45 receiving supplements "amounting to 100% of their former wage during the first six months; 95% in the next six months, and 85% during the second, third and fourth year; those under 45 receive supplements amounting to 90% during six months, 85% during the next two years." In addition, a law of June 1976 enabled employees aged sixty, two years after the first date of receipt of benefits (WWV scheme), to continue receiving them until the age of sixty-five. The purpose of this legislation was to improve the financial circumstances of older employees who are unemployed for a long time. In August 1976, job protection was introduced during pregnancy and for 12 weeks following childbirth. The number of years of full compulsory education were increased, and an Act on equal pay in the private sector was introduced. In addition, investments were carried out in social services, such as home care services for families.

In 1975, a rent readjustment grant was adopted "to assist households that were capable and desirous of living in better accommodations, but who were intimidated by the sudden increase in rent and the burden of moving costs." Various types of tenants were eligible, such as those leaving a slum dwelling for a higher rent unit ("slum clearance").  From 1 January 1975, the elderly "who rely solely or almost exclusively on the AOW pension have been granted an additional reduction of NLG 18 per month on the premium for health insurance for the elderly." Also, with retroactive effect from the 1st of July 1975, "a new regulation for relocation and refurbishment costs applies to elderly people who want to move from a cheaper to a more expensive home." In 1975 the social assistance standard was again structurally increased for incomplete families. In 1974 and 1975, the social assistance standards structurally increased more than the net minimum wage. In 1975, national  legislation was introduced for residential homes (previously, homes for the elderly had been a responsibility of local authorities).

Taking into account the fact that the dilapidation of private (rental) homes can seriously impede the efficient implementation of urban renewal plans, a regulation was drawn up at the end of 1976 in connection with this "that provides for the granting of financial support to municipalities and approved institutions when they purchase homes from private individuals with the aim of providing the residents of such homes with a reasonable level of living enjoyment for a considerable period of time after a major improvement. For larger municipalities in particular, this aid measure can be an incentive to purchase homes from private owners." From 1976 onwards, "schemes have been in place under which grants have been provided for the adaptation of accommodation for the disabled." In 1976, a separate subsidy scheme was introduced for young single persons. In 1976, a law provided a cash benefit equal to the old-age benefit for disabled heads of families (including the unemployed and self-employed) and disabled single persons aged 17 and over, including those disabled since childhood. Previously, only employed persons for eligible for these benefits. The same law provided for rehabilitation benefits for homemakers. This law also provided for special transport, retraining and reimbursement of extra expenditures incurred as a result of handicaps "on the condition that these services are not provided by other social security legislation."

A regulation was introduced in September 1973 providing for the employment of persons "for whom it is difficult to find employment and who have been in prolonged unemployment." In January 1974, a statutory minimum wage for young people between the ages of 15 and 22 was introduced, and in March 1974 the insurance scheme for wage and salary earners was extended to cover the costs of physiotherapy treatment "where this has been prescribed by a doctor." Under a decree of the 19th of July 1974 unemployed civil servants and their surviors were entitled to certain benefits. The National Standardization Decree of the 3rd of July 1974 provided rules for the provision of assistance for generally necessary subsistence costs. According to one report "In 1974 the National Assistance Decree came into effect. A social minimum now applied to various types of households: a standard amount that was considered sufficient to cover the general necessary costs of existence." The decree established general rules for the determination of the social assistance level. Net benefits according to the ABW (Public Assistance Act) were fixed at 100 % of the net minimum wage for a married worker aged 23 and elder, and the minimum benefits for breadwinners in the social insurance schemes were finally equalized to minimal wage in 1975. As a result of this decree, "the basic standard of social assistance benefit for a couple without children became equal to the net minimum wage of the married employee without children." According to one study "The National Standards Decree (BLN) from 1974 was of great importance. In addition to the fact that the BLN contains rules for determining assistance with the general necessary costs of existence, it also meant that the level of benefits was raised to the level of the legal minimum wage. The BLN severely limited the policy freedom of municipalities in the implementation of the law. Nevertheless, there remained uncertainty about the interpretation of the concept of general subsistence costs. The BLN only contains a general description, namely: the costs that cannot be regarded as special necessary subsistence costs determined by individual circumstances." In 1974 the AOW was linked to the minimum wage and therefore became welfare-fixed. After the ABW (Public Assistance Act) was linked to the minimum wage in 1974 lone parents were allowed to keep about a third of their earnings in addition to the benefit, up to a maximum of 25% of the minimum wage. In 1974, the holiday allowance became part of the national standardization and was therefore included in the National Standardization Decree. As noted by one study, "The fixed minimum wage could best serve as a guideline for this. That goal was definitively achieved in 1974: social assistance benefits, the AOW, the widow's benefit and the basic benefits of the Sickness Benefits Act, WAO, WW, WWV all amount to one hundred percent of the net minimum wage, around a thousand guilders per year." Also, as noted by another study, "Partly under the influence of the increase in unemployment since the oil crisis of 1973, a hardship clause was added to the Social Security Act in July 1974 through a change in the National Standards Decree. As a result, you can claim benefits without your entire baptismal certificate being examined by social work. From 1975, everyone from the age of sixteen without a fixed income is entitled to a social assistance benefit." A modest amount of money was released for self-employed persons as an old-age provision through the National Group Regulation on the release of old-age provision for special groups (Stb. 1974, 825). As noted by one study, the National Group Scheme for the release of old-age provision for special groups (Stb. 1974, 825) "envisaged exemption from (part of) the assets of a former self-employed person in the means test for social assistance."

In September 1975, a regulation on the promotion of vocational training for young people was introduced, aimed at "a great number of young people who, as a result of the present educational system, depend on on-the-job training within the framework of the Apprenticeship Law." The chances of obtaining an individual rent subsidy were also significantly increased, while an Act of June 1975 amended a number of existing Acts "with a view to introducing changes regarding the organisation and the districts of factory inspection and the inspection of ports and dangerous machinery," and also conferred legislative powers on the Minister of Social Affairs under the Act "concerning the loading and unloading of ocean-going vessels and extended the scope of the Silicosis Act."

The Collective Redundancy (Notification) Act of 1976 imposed an obligation on employers (who intend to collectively dismiss employees) "to give written notice of this intention to the relevant trade unions for consultation," while that same year consultative works councils were replaced by powerful ones modelled after the German works councils. Also in 1976, a law was passed forbidding dismissal upon pregnancy or marriage for all women. In 1976, a Criminal Injuries Compensation fund was set up. Extra money was also spent on urban renewal, while the arrangement "that allows tenants to get used to a higher rent for a renovated home has been improved." Various measures were undertaken in the field of road safety, such as compulsory moped helmets and seat belts and the establishment of an alcohol test (breath test). Subsidies were also granted to experiments with Bureaus for Legal Aid.

A February 1976 regulation on accidents in nuclear installations provided for interministerial coordination on measures to be taken "in the event of accidents and for the preparation of an emergency plan." A law of December 1976 relaxed the conditions for exemption from national insurance contributions or entitlement to pay reduced contributions, and also extended entitlement to orphans' pensions "to illegitimate children whose mothers are dead and who have not been recognised by their fathers." The Asbestos Decree of April 1977 prohibited the storage and use of crocidolite (blue asbestos) and materials or products containing crocidolite and also prohibited "the spraying of asbestos or materials or products containing asbestos and their use for thermal insulation or for acoustic, preservative or decorative purposes." In September 1977, regulations were issued "regarding the conditions under which young persons of 16 and over may exceptionally drive agricultural tractors." In May 1977, a subsidy scheme for the placing of handicapped persons was introduced.

In 1977, the Den Uyl cabinet fell due to a conflict between Den Uyl and the Catholic People's Party Minister of Justice Dries van Agt. The Labour Party entered the subsequent election under the banner "Vote for the Prime Minister". The Labour Party won by a landslide, receiving over 33% percent of the votes, a relatively large share in the divided politics of the Netherlands at that time, and 53 seats. Labour's coalition partner Democrats 66 also made gains, from 6 to 8 seats. However, its other coalition partner, the Political Party of Radicals, lost nearly all its seats, making it impossible for Den Uyl to form a new government that he could count on to support him in parliament. More than 200 days after the election, the Christian Democratic Appeal (a new party that was formed by Den Uyl's former coalition partners, the Catholic People's Party and the Anti-Revolutionary Party, joined by the smaller Christian Historical Union) formed a cabinet with the liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, supported by a small majority of 77 seats (out of a total of 150).

After being opposition leader from 1977 to 1981, Den Uyl returned to government in 1981. The Labour Party formed a coalition with the Christian Democratic Appeal and the Democrats 66. Den Uyl became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Social Affairs and Employment. Van Agt, by now Den Uyl's nemesis, led this cabinet. The cabinet was in constant internal conflict and fell after eight months. The Labour Party won the snap election of 1982, but could not agree on a new coalition with the Christian Democratic Appeal. As a result, Den Uyl returned to parliament and led the Labour Party in opposition until 1986. As leader of the main opposition party, Den Uyl, always a soft-spoken Atlanticist, provided cover for the government's controversial decision to place NATO cruise missiles on Dutch soil. In turn, this decision, and a similar one by the Belgian government, satisfied one of the West German conditions for the placement of cruise missiles and Pershing II missiles in West Germany.

Family and later life
On 30 August 1944, Den Uyl married Liesbeth den Uyl, née Van Vessem (18 June 1924 – 30 September 1990). They had three sons and four daughters. Of those the eldest Saskia Noorman-den Uyl became a member of parliament for the Labour Party herself serving from 1994 until 2006. Xander den Uyl became a leading figure in ABVAKABO, one of the Dutch labour unions and serves as Member of the Provincial-Council of North Holland for the Labour Party since 2011.

After the elections of 1986, in which the Labour Party won 5 seats but failed to retain its position as largest party, Den Uyl was succeeded as leader of the Labour Party by Wim Kok.

Death
On 24 October 1987, the VU University Medical Center announced that Den Uyl had become terminally ill. He died exactly two months later, on Christmas Eve 1987, aged 68, of a brain tumor.

Decorations

Honorary degrees

Further reading
 Wilsford, David, ed. Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary (Greenwood, 1995) pp 97–111.

Quotes
"Twee dingen:..." ("Two things:..."  In interviews, many of Den Uyl's answers started with these two words, sending a signal to the listener to drop any expectation of a simple yes or no.)

References

External links

Official
  Dr. J.M. (Joop) den Uyl Parlement & Politiek

1919 births
1987 deaths
Aldermen of Amsterdam
Deaths from brain cancer in the Netherlands
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch agnostics
Dutch anti-war activists
Dutch former Christians
Dutch magazine editors
Dutch newspaper editors
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch political writers
Resistance members from Amsterdam
Dutch social justice activists
Former Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Housing reformers
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Leaders of the Labour Party (Netherlands)
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Ministers of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands
Ministers of General Affairs of the Netherlands
Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands
Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands
Municipal councillors of Amsterdam
People from Hilversum
Presidents of the European Council
Presidents of the Party of European Socialists
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Recipients of the Order of the House of Orange
University of Amsterdam alumni
20th-century Dutch economists
20th-century Dutch journalists
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch politicians

Joop den Uyl


USS Kanawha (AO–1) was the lead ship of her class of replenishment oilers of the United States Navy. She was commissioned in 1915 and sunk on 8 April 1943 by Japanese aircraft off Tulagi, Solomon Islands.

Operational history
USS Kanawha (AO-1) (originally Fuel Ship No. 13) was the first purpose-built oiler of the US Navy. She was laid down 8 December 1913 by the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California; launched 11 July 1914; sponsored by Miss Dorothy Bennett; and commissioned 5 June 1915.

Kanawha cleared San Diego 9 June 1915 and arrived Newport, Rhode Island, for service with the Atlantic Fleet. During the following year the oiler made seven trips to Port Arthur, Texas, for fuel oil and gasoline. On 11 October 1916 Kanawha was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet. Then, in addition to her fueling duties, she participated in tactical exercises, carried mail, and towed targets.

World War I
After the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917, the oiler was assigned to Commander, Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet, as an escort for the first A.E.F. sent to France. Kanawha cleared New York 15 June 1917 as part of Group IV (the slowest group of ships in the first convoys) and crossed the Atlantic, arriving St. Nazaire 2 July. She returned to New York 10 August for repairs before sailing again 23 September. The oiler cruised in Atlantic waters until 1 November supplying fuel oil to the cruiser force and escorting convoys to Europe. Kanawha returned to Philadelphia for repairs, then joined the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) on 8 January 1918. For the rest of the war, the oiler, ignoring torpedo warnings, carried fuel oil from Halifax to United Kingdom and French ports. On 6 November 1918, the patrol vessel  suffered irreparable damage while being loaded onto the deck of the Kanawha.

Interwar years
Kanawha arrived New York 1 May 1919 from her final cruise; she was detached from NOTS 12 May for reassignment to the Atlantic Fleet.

The oiler departed Port Arthur 24 July and arrived at San Pedro, California 9 August. From 1919 to 1929, Kanawha, with the exception of three cruises to Port Arthur to supply units and ports along the Atlantic coast, operated in the Pacific. In addition to servicing ships, the oiler participated in the Army-Navy maneuvers in Hawaii during April 1925. She then accompanied the Battle Fleet on a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand before resuming coastal fueling operations 25 September 1925. Kanawha was decommissioned at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard 18 December 1929.

She was recommissioned 5 June 1934 and cleared Bremerton 21 June for her base at San Pedro. For the following six years she cruised along the United States West Coast supplying oil and gasoline to ports in the Panama Canal Zone, the Caribbean, and Hawaii. In 1941 Kanawha widened her operations, sailing east to Midway and Wake Islands and as far north as Alaska. The oiler was at Mare Island undergoing overhaul at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

World War II
Kanawha departed San Pedro 21 March 1942 with a convoy loaded with supplies for Hawaii. She continued convoy runs from California to Pearl Harbor until 18 May when she arrived Tongatapu for fueling operations in the South Pacific. Throughout the summer she cruised to New Caledonia, Espiritu Santo, and Efate, providing fuel for destroyers and transports en route to the Pacific campaigns. The oiler departed Pago Pago 12 October and put into San Francisco 29 October for repairs and overhaul.

Kanawha resumed fueling operations upon her return to Pago Pago 13 February 1943. For the next two months she serviced ships engaged in the struggle in the Solomon Islands.

On 7 April a group of Japanese Vals slipped through fighter defenses and zeroed in on Kanawha as she awaited an escort in Tulagi harbor. At 1502, shortly after clearing the harbor, the slow and vulnerable oiler came under bomb attack. The first five planes hit an oil tank under the bridge, causing fires to spread rapidly along the deck. Lt. Comdr. Bock ordered the ship abandoned to minimize danger to his crew from burning oil on the surface. After rescue operations were underway, volunteers returned on board and extinguished fires amidst exploding ammunition. The tug  towed Kanawha to the west side of Tulagi where she was beached shortly before midnight. However, she slid off into deep water and sank before daybreak 8 April. Nineteen of her crew were lost.

Kanawha received one battle star for World War II service.

References

Sources

 Michael McFadyen's Scuba Diving Web Site

Kanawha-class fleet replenishment oilers
Ships built in Vallejo, California
1914 ships
World War I tankers of the United States
Maritime incidents in 1918
World War II tankers of the United States
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Shipwrecks in Ironbottom Sound
Maritime incidents in April 1943
Ships sunk by Japanese aircraft

USS Kanawha (AO-1)


Gopal Raju (3 January 1928 – 10 April 2008) was an Indian-born American publisher, editor, journalist, businessman and philanthropist. He was considered to be a pioneer of Indian American ethnic media in the United States.

Career
Raju launched the first successful Indian newspaper in the US, India Abroad, in 1970. The India Abroad newspaper refers to itself as the "oldest Indian newspaper published in North America." The newspaper quickly became an influential voice for the growing Indian American community in the United States. Raju's India Abroad was considered to be an important milestone for the growth of ethnic media in the U.S and one of the most credible Indian American publications. The Economist, a respected British weekly international affairs magazine, once referred to Raju's India Abroad as a daily publication of "unusually high quality".

In 1997, Raju held talks to merger India Abroad with India-West, an ethnic Indian American newspaper published in California. Raju and India-West publisher, Ramesh Murarka, went as far a jointly purchasing a building in San Leandro, California, to house the offices of the proposed, combined newspaper. Under the proposal, the existing India Abroad offices would have become the East Coast offices of the new newspaper, while the offices of India-West in California would have become the West Coast headquarters of the publication. However, in the end Raju and Murarka decided to abandon the proposed merger of the publications. Raju later sold India Abroad in April 2001 to Rediff.com, which currently owns and operates the newspaper.

Raju also founded the India Abroad News Service, which was later renamed the Indo-Asian News Service (IANS).
The IANS, which is headquartered in New Delhi, focuses its reporting on issues affecting India, South Asia and the Indian Diaspora around the world.

Raju remained involved with the Indian American media following his sale of India Abroad to Rediff.com in 2001. He began publishing several weekly newspapers in the United States, including the News India Times, the Gujarat Times and Desi Talk.

In 2006, Raju held discussions and agreed to a merger and alignment of News India Times, Desi Talk operations with South Asian Insider, a weekly newspaper run by Sharanjit Singh Thind. Thind is a self made media owner, who started his career in US with India Abroad as Marketing Manager and later formed NuWay Group, a media company. There was also an agreement between Mr. Raju and Thind to buy the whole News India Times Group later if Thind wishes. The agreement was short lived and never fully materialized because of overall declining Print market and respective papers. Raju remained the publisher of these three weekly publications until his death in 2008.

Philanthropy
Additionally, Raju established and promoted several nonprofit, philanthropic organisations outside of the realm of publishing and media.

He founded the Indian American Foundation (IAF) during the 1970s. The IAF has raised millions of US dollars to fund medical, educational, development and disaster relief projects in India. Funds raised by the IAF have been used to rebuild homes and businesses following the Latur earthquake, which struck the Indian state of Maharashtra in 1993, as well as the 2001 Gujarat earthquake. Raju went on to later establish the Indian American Center for Political Action (IACPA) in 1993. The IACPA places Indian American students in internships within the offices of members of the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate in Washington D.C. The IACPA, under Raju, has placed approximately 200 Indian American interns on Capitol Hill to date. Raju also ran the India Abroad Fellowship Program at Columbia University for several years.

Keeping in view the increasing population of North Indian and the need of Punjabi Newspaper, he started publishing Punjabi Newspaper Sher-e-Panjab. After successfully running 7–8 years he sold it to one of his employee with a commitment to continue this Punjabi Newspaper, which is still alive.

Honors
Gopal Raju received several awards and recognitions during his career. In the US, Raju was honoured with the Leadership Award from the Asia Society in 2000. He was also given the Ellis Island Award in 2004. The Ellis Island Award recognises the contributions of immigrants to the United States. The Taraknath Das Foundation, which is headquartered in the United States, bestowed its annual award on Raju in 2006. He was inducted into the South Asian Journalists Association's Hall of Fame in 2008.

Former President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, conferred the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman on Raju in 2007 for his contributions in the media to India and the Indian diaspora.

Death
Gopal Raju died at the age of 80 at a hospital in New York City on 10 April 2008. He had been hospitalised for about a week for the treatment of jaundice and is believed to have died from complications of the disease.

Tributes poured in from friends and colleagues. Former Prime Minister of India Inder Kumar Gujral stated, "He was a institution and also the most significant bridge between India and America." Sreenath Sreenivasan, the current dean of students at the Columbia University School of Journalism, also paid tribute to Raju saying, "Raju paved the way for every Indian journalist working in the US today. He was also tremendously supportive of SAJA (South Asian Journalists Association) and my own work."

Raju was once quoted as saying, "My job is to publish a quality newspaper and not to project myself."

References

External links
 http://www.thesouthasian.info
 News India Times
 Gujarat Times
 Hindu Youth Network – Canada
 Desi Talk
 Indo-Asian News Service
 India Abroad
 Indian American Foundation
 Indiawest Online: Pioneer Publisher Gopal Raju Dies
 Thaindian News: Gopal Raju, pioneer of ethnic Indian media in US, is no more
 Thaindian News: Gopal Raju's legacy remembered in virtual memorial
 India Post: Ethnic Indian media pioneer Gopal Raju dead
 Gopal Raju's Passing: dozens of tributes and comments SAJAforum.org collection.

2008 deaths
1928 births
American people of Indian descent
Indian publishers (people)
Businesspeople from Bangalore
Indian emigrants to the United States
Indian mass media owners
American newspaper publishers (people)
Journalists from Karnataka
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Indian philanthropists
American print editors
American male journalists
American writers of Indian descent
Journalists from New York City
20th-century Indian businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century Indian journalists
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman

Gopal Raju


Li Jin was an imperial prince and member of the royal family in the Tang dynasty. He was the eldest son of crown prince Li Chengqi (also known as Li Xian), and grandson of Emperor Ruizong. Li Jin's father, Li Chengqi, yielded his claim to the throne to his younger brother, Li Longji, who eventually became Emperor Xuánzong of Tang. Li Jin was adored by his uncle, the Emperor Xuánzong, who personally taught him to play music.   He also gave him a prominent position in the government, and the title Prince of Ruyang. Li Jin "excelled at poetry and calligraphy, carrying himself with scholarly bearing." He was skilled at playing the drum, and was also known for his ability in archery. Li Jin had a number of siblings, among them, Li Yu, and Li Xiang, who is the father of Li Shizhi mentioned with Li Jin in Du Fu's infamous poem, "The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup".

Friendship with Du Fu

Li Jin is best known for being "immortalized" by the famous poet, Du Fu. He was listed in the second place in Du Fu's poem Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup through the following lines:
 汝阳三斗始朝天, (He can drink three big barrels before drunk)
 道逢麴车口流涎, (He can't resist the temper of drinking when seeing the carts transporting Chinese white wine on his way)
 恨不移封向酒泉。 (that he would rather move his mansion to Jiuquan, the place where wines are produced.)

Du Fu and Li Jin were part of a group of scholar-officials and literati friends, who all enjoyed drinking as well as writing together. Du Fu even dedicated a poem to Li Jin, "Twenty Two Rhymes Given to Li Jin, the Prince of Ru Yang".

References

Tang dynasty imperial princes
750 deaths
Year of birth unknown

Li Jin (Tang dynasty)


The SEAT 1430 is a 4-door sedan made by SEAT in Spain from 1969 to 1975. The car was based on the FIAT 124 Special, but the front lights were the square ones from the FIAT 125 instead of round. The cockpit was almost identical to the Fiat 125. In 1973, the GTI version of the SEAT 1430 was introduced as the 1430 Especial 1600 model, popularly known as "FU". It was superseded by the SEAT 131, while the donor car, the SEAT 124 continued in its base form until 1980.

The SEAT 1430 also provided the engine and other underpinnings for the "Auto Replica MG 50", a Spanish-made replica of the MG TD.

References

1430
Cars of Spain

Cars introduced in 1969
1970s cars

SEAT 1430


Welby is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish was 169 in 82 households at the 2011 census. It lies  north-east of Grantham. The neighbouring villages are Aisby, Oasby, and Heydour.

History

According to A Dictionary of British Place Names, Welby means a "farmstead or village by a spring or stream", combining the Old English "wella" for a stream, with Old Scandinavian "by" for a "farmstead, village or settlement".

Welby is recorded in the 1086 Domesday account as "Wellebi", within two manors in the Threo Hundred of Kesteven. The first manor held 57 households, 7 villeins, 4 smallholders, 37 freemen, a priest, a church, a meadow of , and woodland of . In 1066 Queen Edith was Lord of the Manor, this transferred to William I in 1086, who also became tenant in chief. The second Domesday entry shows a manor with 3 villagers, 5 freemen and 4 ploughlands, with a meadow , and woodland of , with the lord in 1066 being Aethelstan, son of Godram. In 1086 the lordship was transferred to Ranulf, with Guy of Craon becoming tenant in chief.

Welby's Grade I listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew the Apostle. The church originates from the 13th century and is mainly Early English, but with a Perpendicular clerestory and porch. In 1873 the north aisle was extended and the chancel rebuilt by J. H. Hakewill, who matched the Early English style. Within the porch is a 14th-century stone tomb cover with relief depictions of a woman's head and shoulders, within a quatrefoil recess, along with a shrouded baby. It was originally sited in the graveyard.

The former rectory is also a listed building. It was designed by the Grantham architect Cornelius Sherborne.

In 1885 Kelly's Directory reported a Wesleyan chapel, built in 1866, and a school and four almshouses founded in 1780 by William Welby; a further school for 70 pupils had been built in 1869. The main crops grown were wheat, barley, oats and turnips, within a parish area of . The 1881 population was 390. The lord of the manor and owner of the parish land was Sir William Earle Welby-Gregory DL, JP, of Denton Hall. Kellys also noted two public houses, the Red Lion and Waggon and Horses, 12 farmers, 4 graziers, a butcher, shoemaker, shopkeeper, carrier, coal dealer, wheelwright, beer retailer, harness maker and a blacksmith.

Community
St Bartholomew's Church belongs to the Loveden Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln. The incumbent is Rev. Alan Littlewood.

The village road sign includes images of St Bartholomew's Church and of a cricketer; Welby has a village cricket team.

Welby's present-day public house is the Crown and Anchor.

References

External links

Villages in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
South Kesteven District

Welby, Lincolnshire


LD 50 Lethal Dose is a 2003 horror film directed by Simon De Selva, produced by Alistair MacLean-Clark and Basil Stephens and written by Matthew McGuchan. A group of animal rights activists set off to free an imprisoned colleague from a terrifying ordeal but their rescue mission turns into a series of twisted and mind bending incidents. Starring Tom Hardy, Katharine Towne and Melanie Brown.

Plot

A group of animal activists, who call themselves LD 50, break into an animal research facility, when Gary gets caught in a bear trap. Unable to free Gary, the rest of the group flees, leaving Gary to take the blame. A year later, the group has since disbanded until an encrypted e-mail from Gary arrives asking for help. Danny, who has been visiting Gary in prison, tells the group that Gary has traded his body for experiments in exchange for a reduced sentence.

The group, still stricken by guilt one year later, eagerly reunites to rescue Gary. They also pick up two new recruits — a stoner and an ex-Marine. At the remote lab where Gary is being kept, the group discovers the place abandoned, and soon finds themselves locked in a subterranean level full of labyrinthine hallways and experiment chambers. They also discover that a powerful electrical force is stalking them, and it has full control of the complex. The force plays havoc with the would-be rescuers, turning their righteous cause into a death trap. They must work together to outsmart and defeat the unseen evil.

Cast
Katharine Towne as Helen
Melanie Brown as Louise
Tom Hardy as Matt
Ross McCall as Gary
Toby Fisher as Justin
Leo Bill as Danny
Philip Winchester as Vaughn
Stephen Lord as Spook

Production
Filmed on location in London, England and Isle of Man. Filming started on 27 October 2002 and went until 31 January 2003. It has been reported that this was the first ever feature film to be shot on Kodak VISION2 film.

References

External links

2003 films
Films shot in London
2003 horror films
British horror films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films

LD 50 Lethal Dose


Ash Gray (born 11 December 1998), sometimes known professionally as Gabz, is an English singer who reached the final of the seventh series of Britain's Got Talent in 2013. Gray released his debut single "Lighters (The One)" under the Gabz name on 30 June 2013, which peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart.

Career

2013: Britain's Got Talent
In his Britain's Got Talent audition, screened on 26 May, Gray who at that time was going by the name Gabz, performed an original song called "The One". When asked beforehand what the song was about, Gray stated that it was about "losing the love of your life". Gray received praise from the judges, with Simon Cowell stating, "I absolutely loved that. I really did. I think that's a cute little song, great chorus, you know, produced properly that song... you may have something there." Gray received four "yes" votes from the judges and was put through to the next round, and subsequently the semi-finals. In the semi-final on 28 May, Gray performed the song again, this time with a backing track and choir. Walliams urged Cowell to make the song available for purchase, predicting it could make number one in the UK Singles Chart. Gray landed in the top three of the night, and with comedian Jack Carroll already through, it was down to the judges to choose between Gardiner and Irish singers Jack and Cormac. All four judges voted for Gray, thus sending him through to the final.

It was Gray's idea to audition, and that his father almost refused to let him audition because of his bad attitude at home, and required Gray to get better, and eventually let him after the deadline was extended. Gray also stated that "It would be amazing to win – I'm not expecting it – I don't think I will. I'm really really happy to get this far, I can't believe it, it's great, I'm just hoping I can get a record deal or something so I can show more of my songs – I've written over 30 now." Gray's hometown also saw support, with banners supplied by businesses around his hometown.

In the final, Gray performed a mash-up of a new song "Lie There" and "The One". Gray finished in seventh place with 3.6% of the vote.

2016 – UP Album & Losing New Sleep Single
Cowell stated his intention to give Gray a record deal after Britain's Got Talent. Gray released "The One", renamed "Lighters", on 30 June 2013 via Sony Music.

It was produced by Graham Stack.

The single debuted at number 6 in the UK Singles Chart.

Gray's second single, "Lie There", was released on 3 November 2013. The video was released on 21 October.

A third single "Change the Game" was released on 21 March 2014. Gray's fourth single, "Holiday in Brazil", was released ahead of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. It was written by Gray and Paul Baker, with 25 p from every download going to the Make-A-Wish Foundation UK. The video was filmed in London, featuring several of Gray's brothers, two of his cousins and several of his school friends.

In 2016, Gray released his EP titled "Up" which featured five tracks - "Up", "Best Night", "Counting Scars", "Dream Big" and "Friend Zone".

The First Single came from the UP Album was Called Up in July 2016.

Then The Second Single Called Counting Scars came out in August 2016, a Month later after Up the Single Up Came out.

In 2018, The Single "Losing No Sleep" was released in 2018. The music video was subsequently posted on 3 February 2018 to the "GabzOfficialVEVO" YouTube channel. The song and music video is about a couple going through a hard time and how they are struggling to resolve their relationship.

2019: present: Singles

On 12 April 2019, Gray released the single 'When I Look At You' and the accompanying music video was posted on 3 May 2019.

In 2020, Gray released his EP "Self Destruct". It featured five tracks - "Crash", "Peak (Interlude)", "Self Destruct", "No Consequences" and "Break up Song".

On 11 June 2021, Gray independently produced and released a remake of his 2013 single "Lighters". This reflected his sexuality as the lyric previously used the term "girlfriend" when referring to a partner he lost and now said "boyfriend".

Other media
Since 2018 to June 2019, Gray has appeared in BBC talent series All Together Now, as one of the hundred judges.

Personal life
Gray lives in Stevenage and attended The Nobel School. Gray is a trans man, and uses he/him pronouns.

While Gray still uses the name Gabz on his Spotify and some other social media, his Instagram, Facebook and Twitter use Ash Gray, the name he has used since coming out as transgender, with him tweeting on the name change that while he lost his verification as a result of it, by finally changing his username he is happy.

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

Music videos

References

Living people
1998 births
21st-century Black British male singers
21st-century English male singers
21st-century English LGBT people
Britain's Got Talent contestants
English people of Jamaican descent
Black British LGBT people
English transgender people
People from Stevenage
English LGBT singers
Transgender male musicians
Transgender singers

Ash Gray


Feng Tianwei (simplified Chinese: 风天威; traditional Chinese: 峰天王; Pinyin Feńg Tianwēi; born August 31, 1986 in Harbin) is a female Singaporean table tennis player who competed at the Olympic Games 2012 in London. She is a righhanded-player and uses the Shakehand-grip.

Biography
To 2002 she played for China because she was born in Harbin, a city in China. In that year she became Chinese Youth-champion. Since 2008 she was nominated for all World Championships- in that year she reached bronze with the team. In 2010 the Singaporean team became champion. In the final se beat the two players Liu Shiwen and Ding Ning. At the Olympic Games 2008 she won silver with the team. 2012 she qualificated herself for the Olympics again, where Feng won bronze in the singles and in the team, too. At the ITTF Pro Tour Grand Finals she won gold. At the World Championships in the singles she doesn't won a medal, but reached the Quarterfinals 2013 and 2015. In 2016 she was disqualificated fro the Singaporean team, because she had to make place for younger players. But she played continue, at the World Championships 2017 she lost in the Quarterfinals against Miu Hirano and missed so th bronze-grand-slam, because she won two times bronze at the World Cup (2008, 2013), Olympic Games (2012) and not at the World Championships. 2018 she took part in the World Championships with the team, but lost in the Round of 16.

Results

World Cup

 2008, 2013- 3rd place
 2009, 2011, 2012- 4th place

Olympic Games

 2012- bronze
 2012- team bronze
 2008- team silver

World Championships

 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017- Quarterfinals
 2010- team gold
 2008- team silver
 2016- team bronze

Asian Championships

 2009- doubles bronze
 2009- team silver

References

Singaporean Olympians
1986 births
Olympic bronze medalists
Table tennis players
Living people

Feng Tianwei


Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu ( 26 February 1838 – ) was a Romanian writer and philologist, who pioneered many branches of Romanian philology and history.

Life
He was born Tadeu Hâjdeu in Cristineștii Hotinului (now Kerstentsi in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine), northern Bessarabia, at the time part of Imperial Russia. His father was the writer Alexandru Hâjdeu, a descendant of the Hâjdău family of Moldovan boyars, with noted Polish connections.

After studying law at the University of Kharkiv, he fought as a Russian hussar in the Crimean War. In 1858, he settled in Iași as a high school teacher and librarian. In 1865, Hasdeu published a monograph on Ioan Vodă the Terrible, renaming him for the first time cel Viteaz—"the Brave". The portrayal of this violent, short rule as a glorious moment (and of Ioan himself as a reformer) drew criticism from the Junimea society, a conflict which was to follow Hasdeu for the rest of his life. Still, Hasdeu's version of Ioan's character and his anti-boyar actions were to be reclaimed as a founding myth by Communist Romania.

In 1863, Hasdeu again moved his residence, from Iași to Bucharest; he began editing the satirical magazine Aghiuță, which ceased publication the following year.

Scientific works

In Romania, Hasdeu started work on the Arhiva historică a României (1865-1867), the first history work to use sources in Slavonic and Romanian. He also published the 1870 philological review Columna lui Traian, the best at the time in Romania. With the work Cuvente dân Batrâni (2 volumes, 1878-1881), he was the first to contribute to the history of apocryphal literature in Romania.

His Istoria critică a Românilor (1875), though incomplete, marks the beginning of critical investigation into the history of Romania. Hasdeu edited the ancient Psalter of Coresi of 1577 (Psaltirea lui Coresi, 1881).

His Etymologicum magnum Romaniae (1886) was the beginning of an encyclopaedic dictionary of the Romanian language, though he never covered letters after B. While the completed parts of the work do aim to be exhaustive, and are remarkably detailed, many of its entries reflect more of Hasdeu's own vision than historical facts (in one famous entry, he claims to be able to trace Basarab I's ancestry in a direct line to the Dacian rulers, with Dacia as a developed state that would have had, at times, dominated the Roman Empire—to the point where the single ruling family would have given Rome a large number of emperors).

Hasdeu got involved in the dispute over the Latin origin of the Romanian language. Being challenged by numerous arguments which pointed to the central position occupied by words of Slavic origin in the Romanian language, Hasdeu developed an influential verdict, deemed the theory of words' circulation. The conclusion he reached was that Slavic words were never as widely used as Latin ones, with usage giving the language its character.

In 1876 he was appointed head of the State Archives in Bucharest, and in 1878 professor of philology at the University of Bucharest. In 1877, Hasdeu was elected as a titular member of the Romanian Academy, and in 1883 he became a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

Other activities

Hasdeu was a politician often at odds with the Romanian establishment. For example, he was placed under arrest for a nine-day interval after Captain Alexandru Candiano-Popescu's "Republic of Ploiești" conspiracy (1870). Although he had been a staunch defender of the deposed Alexandru Ioan Cuza, he eventually backed the movement against him (led by Mihail Kogălniceanu), and was not opposed to the new Domnitor (future King of Romania) Carol I.

However, Hasdeu was a Liberal Party activist (he was elected to Parliament on its list for two non-consecutive terms), and close to its most radical, republican wing—the one led by C. A. Rosetti. As the republican experiment coincided with worsened relations between Prime Minister Ion Brătianu and Carol, all Liberal Party members became suspect of involvement. Together with several Party leaders, Hasdeu was tried and acquitted.

Last years and death

After the death of his only child, his daughter Iulia, in 1888, he became a spiritualist and a firm adept of the spiritism. He retreated to a Câmpina mansion, and arranged it as a temple to his newly found beliefs and to his daughter. He died there and was buried in Bellu cemetery, Bucharest.

His works include two dramas, Răsvan și Vidra (romanticizing the actions of an obscure 1590s Moldavian-Romani Voivode, Ștefan Răzvan), and Domnița Ruxandra. Between 1891 and 1892, he wrote Sic Cogito, a theoretical work of spiritism as a philosophy. In addition to his interest in science, Hasdeu was the author of many poems, usually short ones. The Romanian critic Mircea Eliade described him as a "genius of an amazing vastness".

Note on his name
Hasdeu is pronounced as if spelled with the Romanian version of ș (Hașdeu); Hasdeu never spelled it with any diacritic (most likely because the Romanian alphabet appeared and went through several major changes during his lifetime).

Although many times taken for a first surname, Petriceicu is in fact his second name. The confusion can be ascribed to the name's uniqueness, and to the misguided assumption that cu is the same as the extremely common suffix for Romanian family names. The name was chosen by the writer himself, and it reflected the Hasdeu family claim to have descended from 17th century Moldavian ruler Ștefan Petriceicu.

See also
Protochronism

References

External links

Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu Memorial Museum

1838 births
1907 deaths
People from Chernivtsi Oblast
People from Khotinsky Uyezd
National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Romanian philologists
Romanian dramatists and playwrights
Romanian essayists
19th-century Romanian historians
Linguists from Romania
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian magazine founders
Romanian opinion journalists
Romanian schoolteachers
Romanian esotericists
New religious movements
Spiritism
National University of Kharkiv alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
19th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights

Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu


Sylvester J. Pussycat Jr., simply known as Sylvester Jr., is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series. He was created by Robert McKimson.

Biography
Junior first appeared in the 1950 short Pop 'im Pop! directed by Robert McKimson, and eventually appeared in a total of 11 shorts in the Golden age. His voice was provided by Mel Blanc until his death in 1989, and later by Bob Bergen and Joe Alaskey (who died on February 3, 2016).

He is the son of Sylvester the Cat. Physically, Junior is an anthropomorphic kitten - basically a miniature version of his father, having a large head in proportion to a small body. Aside from Goldimouse and the Three Cats, his mother is never seen nor mentioned in the Warner Bros. shorts, and the only apparent trait Junior got from his mother is his ability to speak without his father's characteristic lisp, but has a smaller lisp than Sylvester does. Junior has been noted saying that he is three and a half years old.

Junior's personality reflected a degree of respect for his father, though often, when Sylvester does something embarrassing or humiliating, Junior would (melodramatically) often profess feeling ashamed or embarrassed by his father's behavior (sometimes donning a paper bag over his head) or sadly saying, in a breathy voice, "Oh, Father...", "Oh, the shame of it", or "How can I ever face the fellows in Troop 12?" He has also contradicted himself by saying he wanted a home in Claws in the Lease, while in The Slap-Hoppy Mouse he complains to his father about his "soft living" in a "chicken-chintzy outfit".

Often, Sylvester and Junior's shorts would feature Sylvester trying to capture Hippety Hopper, a baby kangaroo, to prove a point to his son. Each attempt at capture, of course, failed miserably, owing to Sylvester's invariably mistaking the kangaroo for a "giant mouse", and as such being taken completely by surprise by the kangaroo's athletic prowess, with Sylvester losing every fight, often in spectacularly humiliating fashion. In one particular ship based short Junior was able to outdo his father by capturing Hippety, playing on Hippety's playful nature. Though Tweet Dreams was the only pairing of Junior and Tweety in the Looney Tunes shorts, it was not a direct one; Junior basically served as a flashback image of Sylvester himself when he was his son's age.

Appearances
Sylvester Jr. appeared in the following shorts:
 Pop 'im Pop! (1950)
 Who's Kitten Who? (1952)
 Cats a-Weigh (1953)
 Too Hop to Handle (1956)
 The Slap-Hoppy Mouse (1956)
 Mouse-Taken Identity (1957)
 Cat's Paw (1959) (no Hippety Hopper)
 Tweet Dreams (1959) (no Hippety Hopper) (note: flashback cameo in a Tweety and Sylvester cartoon)
 Goldimouse and the Three Cats (1960) (no Hippety Hopper) (note: the only short directed by Friz Freleng to feature Sylvester Jr. and the only cartoon where his mother appears)
 Birds of a Father (1961) (no Hippety Hopper)
 Fish and Slips (1962) (no Hippety Hopper)
 Claws in the Lease (1963) (no Hippety Hopper)
 Freudy Cat (1964)

Later appearances
After the original Looney Tunes shorts, Junior would show up sporadically in later years. In the 1990s animated series The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries, Sylvester has a flashback to his childhood in the episode "A Mynah Problem"; in the flashback sequence, young Sylvester looks like Sylvester Jr. and, while Sylvester's father looks like the adult Sylvester.

He also appears in Space Jam.

He is seen in one of the "Mysterious Phenomenon of the Unexplained" shorts of the Stranger Than Fiction Looney Tunes web shorts compilation DVD alongside his father on a camping trip interrupted by Bigfoot.

He appears as a boss in the third world in the video game The Bugs Bunny Birthday Blowout, riding his skateboard.

References

Looney Tunes characters
Male characters in animation
Child characters in television
Film characters introduced in 1950
Anthropomorphic cats

Sylvester Jr.


Benteen Park is a neighborhood in southeast Atlanta, Georgia, bounded on the west by Boulevard and the Chosewood Park neighborhood, on the north by Boulevard Heights, on the east by Custer/McDonough/Gulce and on the south by Atlanta Federal Prison, which also lies in the Benteen Park neighborhood.

The neighborhood experienced gentrification during the first decade of the 2000s, with low housing prices yet proximity to facilities in Grant Park.

See also

References

External links
 SAND, South Atlantans for Neighborhood Development

Neighborhoods in Atlanta

Benteen Park


Admiral is an American appliance brand that is currently marketed by Whirlpool Corporation and sold exclusively at The Home Depot.

History

In 1934, Ross Siragusa founded Continental Radio and Television Corporation (CRTC), which produced consumer electronics such as radios and phonographs in Chicago, Illinois and was eventually renamed to Admiral Corp. With annual sales totaling $2 million, Admiral's products ranged from electronic equipment used by the U.S. military in World War II to consumer televisions. In 1950, Admiral was selling: a line of seven TV sets, with four models having a  tube size, at prices between $179.95 and $379.95 (equivalent to $ to $ today); a  model retailing at $299.95 ($3,187); and two  models (priced at $495 and $695, equivalent to $ and $). During this era, their success in television sales allowed them to diversify into other major appliances, including refrigerators.

During World War II, Admiral was the weekly sponsor of the CBS Radio Network Sunday news program, with it and World News Today utilising the promotional slogan "America's Smart Set." Admiral was also one of the first major advertisers on television, sponsoring Sid Caesar's Admiral Broadway Revue, Lights Out, Fulton J. Sheen's Life Is Worth Living, Admiral Presents the Five Star Review - Welcome Aboard and Notre Dame football games. Annual sales hit $300 million and the company employed approximately 8,500 people within the early 1960s.

During the Cold War, Admiral additionally manufactured military TV cameras for reconnaissance purposes under adverse conditions, on land, in the air and underwater.

In 1962, Admiral Corporation listed four manufacturing plants in Illinois, identified as subsidiaries of Admiral International Corp. of which Norman E. Johnson was named President; the corporation collectively employed approximately 5,730 Illinois employees in 1962. The Chicago headquarters was located at 3800 West Cortland Street, with Ross D. Siragusa identified as Chairman and President, Cy S. Rossate as Vice President in charge of production and William L. Dunn as Vice President of Engineering. The factory started a workforce of 2,100 employees and produced television sets & combinations, radios, record changers, refrigerators, ranges, freezers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and stereophonic phonographs. A second Chicago facility was located at 4150 North Knox Avenue with a workforce of 230 employees that manufactured record changers, power supplies, and metal stampings. In Galesburg, Illinois, the Midwest Manufacturing Corporation was listed as a subsidiary of Admiral Corp. with George Heidenblut as Vice President of Engineering and a labour force of 1,400 employees that made refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and ranges. The Harvard, Illinois plant located on South Division Street listed Ernest Polichio as plant manager and its 2,000 employees made television sets.

Various divisions were sold to other companies by the mid-1970s. Rockwell International acquired the company in 1973, selling the appliance operations to Magic Chef, which was later sold to Maytag; in turn, Maytag was later acquired by Whirlpool.

The Milwaukee Admirals hockey team derives its name from Admiral appliances. In 1971, when the team was sold by its original owner to a group of investors, one of the investors, Edwin J. Merar, owned an appliance store; the team was renamed the "Admirals" after the Admiral refrigerators sold in his store.

In 1991, Maytag partnered with Montgomery Ward & Co. for the exclusive utilisation of the Admiral brand on its consumer electronic goods. Montgomery Ward later went bankrupt and closed all its stores. After Maytag's sale to Whirlpool, the brand became exclusive to The Home Depot. During the 1990s, the Admiral brand name was being used on Zenith products, as well as VCRs made by Sharp, also for Montgomery Ward.

The television business continues with AOC International, originally Admiral Overseas Corporation, an international brand of LCD and HDTV display devices.

References

Home appliance brands
Home appliance manufacturers of the United States
Maytag brands
Manufacturing companies based in Chicago
1934 establishments in Illinois
Electronics companies established in 1934
The Home Depot

Admiral (electrical appliances)


Episcepsis thetis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771. It is found in Panama and Venezuela.

Description
Upperside: Antennae black. Head and thorax black. On the neck are two small scarlet spots just above the eyes, and one on each side below them. Abdomen silvery shining blue, having a triangular black mark at the base. Anterior wings dirty black, immaculate; tips whitish. Posterior wings dirty black, with a white discoidal transparent cloud.

Underside: Breast and sides dirty black. Abdomen white; its sides and tip dirty black. Wings of the same colour as on the upperside.

References

External links

Euchromiina
Moths described in 1771
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Episcepsis thetis


E Dingle & Co was a department store chain with its flagship store in Plymouth, England. It is now part of House of Fraser group.

Early history
Edward Dingle opened a drapery shop at 30 Bedford Street, Plymouth in 1880. By the next year the business had expanded and had over 27 employees. One of his staff, Tom Baker, became his brother-in-law when he married Edward's sister, and he was duly made a partner in the business.

By 1900, the store had expanded to include 29-31 Bedford Street and 6 Cornwall Street. The business then slowly grew and by 1926 it had taken up 28-31 Bedford Road and 4-6 Cornwall Street.

1935 onwards
In 1935 E Dingle & Co was registered as a private limited company, and purchased its neighbour W J Vickery & Co Ltd, a gents' outfitters, who were based at 26-27 Bedford Street. The two Vickery brothers, Stanley and Ralph joined the board of Dingles. Before the breakout of the Second World War, Dingles had expanded further by purchasing the lease of 32 Bedford Street, and were operating eighty departments with a staff of over 500. The board had planned to rebuild the store, but this was prevented by the outbreak of the Second World War.

On 21 March 1941, German bombs fell on the nearby John Yeo department store, and the resulting fire spread and burnt the Dingle store to the ground. The company rented empty premises across Plymouth to continue business.

After the war the business was given a site close to their old premises as part of Patrick Abercrombie's plan for Plymouth. To assist with reconstruction the company was restructured in 1948. In 1949 work commenced on building a new store. The new Dingles opened in September 1951, becoming the first new department store to open in the UK since 1938. The building initially had four floors and 148,000 square feet of retail space. The design, however, purposefully allowed for the future upwards extension of the building and an additional three selling floors were added to the store in later years.

The business was floated as a public company in 1954, and entered a period of significant expansion during the 1960s, buying a number of department stores.  The first of these new purchases was bought from chain Hide & Co, Cox & Horder of Falmouth, and the Hide & Co store in Bridgwater was completed in early 1961. Hawke & Thomas of Newquay was acquired later the same year. Neighbour Pophams in Plymouth was acquired in 1962. Criddle & Smith of Truro, John Polglase of Penzance and Barzillai Thomas of Helston had been added to the group by 1966. A further two businesses were acquired by the end of the decade, Henry Warren & Son and William Badcock & Son, both in Newton Abbot.

The expansion programme had been made possible through growing profits every year since the end of the Second World War, except 1951.

In 1970, E Dingle & Co bought the old-established Bath department store of Jolly & Son, with branches in Bristol and Cheltenham.

A year later, House of Fraser made moves to take over the business. As part of the discussions with Dingles' chairman, Winston Brimacombe, House of Fraser promised that the company would retain its own identity. Under House of Fraser, a further floor was added to the Plymouth store in 1975 and a new division within House of Fraser was created under the Dingles name. House of Fraser's existing department stores in the West Country which had been acquired as part of the J J Allen business were transferred into the new Dingles group as well as D H Evans in London and the two Devon department stores of J F Rockhey which had been part of the Harrods acquisition in 1959. The Welsh stores of Howells and David Evans were brought under Dingles management and, as House of Fraser extended its reach into southern England during the 1970s, further stores were added to the Dingles division from the acquisitions of Hide & Co. and Army & Navy Stores.

In December 1988, a fire devastated the Plymouth store destroying the upper half of the building. The floors were replaced at an estimated cost of £13,200,000. Also in 1988 the Dingles group company name was changed from E J Dingle & Co Ltd to House of Fraser (Twelve) Ltd, although the stores continued to trade as Dingles.

Since 2006 the Dingles name has been replaced by the national House of Fraser branding.

References

Defunct department stores of the United Kingdom
Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom
Retail companies established in 1880
British companies established in 1880
House of Fraser
1880 establishments in England
Retail companies disestablished in 2006
2006 disestablishments in England

Dingles (department store)


The Cabaret Cornichon (English: Gherkin cabaret) was a Swiss cabaret company.

It existed from 1934 to 1951 and was founded by Otto Weissert, Walter Lesch, Emil Hegetschweiler and Alois Carigiet. They were later joined by, among others, Max Werner Lenz, Elsie Attenhofer, Voli Geiler, Margrit Rainer, Ruedi Walter, Heinrich Gretler, Zarli Carigiet, Karl Meier and Alfred Rasser. The musical director was the pianist, Nico Kaufmann. From autumn 1950 to spring of 1951, Margrit Läubli appeared in the last programs of Cabaret Cornichon.

The Cabaret Cornichon was essentially an entertainment cabaret but, inspired by the ideals of what later became known as 'Geistige Landesverteidigung' ('national' spiritual defence), it also opposed fascism and Nazism. The term "Geistige Landesverteidigung" refers to the strong and widespread political will of the Swiss to defend the country's independence and democratic constitution against the Nazis. The cabaret was established in opposition to the right-wing organization known as the 'Frontenbewegung', whose views mirrored those of the National Socialist Party in Germany.

After the Second World War, the cabaret split up amid the political tensions of the Cold War. While some of its members sided with the political left, those in opposition founded the Cabaret Fédéral in 1949.

References

Bibliography

External links

Cabaret in Europe
Entertainment companies established in 1934
Entertainment companies disestablished in 1951
1934 establishments in Switzerland
1951 disestablishments in Switzerland

Cabaret Cornichon


Cylon of Croton was a leading citizen of Croton, Magna Graecia, who led a revolt against the Pythagoreans, probably around 509 BC.  According to Iamblichus' De Vita Pythagorae, Cylon had previously tried and failed to be accepted into the Pythagorean order (VP 248); however, the clearly pro-Pythagorean bias of Iamblichus' work means we should take this with a grain of salt. In the climactic moment of the revolt, a meeting house was set on fire as the Pythagoreans were debating inside - according, again, to Iamblichus (VP 249). After the success of the rebellion, all debts owed were eliminated and property was seized for redistribution; this arguably resulted in Pythagoras being expelled from Croton.

References

Ancient Crotonians
6th-century BC Greek people
Greek rebels
Ancient rebels

Cylon of Croton


Marta Verginella (born 20 June 1960) is a Slovenian historian from the Slovene minority in Italy in Trieste, notable as one of the most prominent contemporary Slovene historians. Together with Alenka Puhar, she is considered a pioneer in the history of family relations in the Slovene Lands.

Prof. Dr. Marta Verginella is Full Professor of General History of the 19th Century and Theory of History at the Department of History of the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana.

Life

She was born in Trieste, Italy. She attended Slovene language schools in Trieste. In 1984, she graduated from history at the University of Trieste under the supervision of the renowned social anthropologist and feminist historian Luisa Accati. For five years she worked as a high school teacher in the schools with Slovene as language of instruction, both in Trieste and Gorizia. In 1995, she obtained her PhD at the University of Ljubljana under the supervision of Peter Vodopivec, with a thesis on the changing attitudes towards death in the 19th century rural peripheries of Trieste.

Work
She has been visiting professor at several universities in Italy, as well as at the University of Valencia in Spain, and the University of Primorska in Koper, Slovenia. Since 1996, she has taught theory of historiography and social history of 19th century Europe at the University of Ljubljana.

She has written on a variety of topics, including social and demographic history, history of historiography, cultural history of 19th and 20th century, women studies, national studies, border studies and the history of the Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947). She rose to prominence with her studies on the relationship between the urban and rural societies in Habsburg Istria.

Particularly outstanding are also her microhistory studies on the daily life during World War II. In the last decade, she has also written extensively on history of intellectuals in the border area between Slovenia and Italy. Her essay about the issue, entitled The Border of the Others ("Il confine degli altri") became a best-seller in Italy in 2008.

Selected works

In Italian
1990 Città e campagna nel tramonto asburgico ("City and Countryside in the Late Habsburg Empire"). Turin.
1995 L'altra resistenza: la guerra di liberazione a Trieste e nella Venezia Giulia ("The Other Resistance: the Liberation Fight in Trieste and the Julian March"), co-authored with Jože Pirjevec and Roberto Spazzali. Trieste.
1999 Fra invenzione della tradizione e ri-scrittura del passato: las storiografia slovena degli anni Novanta ("Between Invention of Tradition and the Re-Writing of the Past: Slovenian Historiography in the 1990s"), editor. Trieste.
2001 Sloveni a Trieste tra Sette e Ottocento: da comunità etnica a minoranza nazionale ("The Slovenes in Trieste between the 18th and 19th Century: from Ethnic Community to National Minority"). Trieste.
2008 Il confine degli altri: la questione giuliana e la memoria slovena ("The Border of the Others. The Julian March Question and the Slovene Remembrance"). Rome.
2015 La guerra di Bruno : l' identità di confine di un antieroe triestino e sloveno (Saggi, Storia e scienze sociali). Roma: Donzelli.
2016 Terre e lasciti : pratiche testamentarie nel contado triestino fra Otto e Novecento (Beit storia). Trieste: Beit.

In Slovene
1990 Družina v Dolini pri Trstu v 19. stoletju ("Family Life in the Village of Dolina near Trieste in the 19th Century"). Ljubljana.
1996 Ekonomija odrešenja in preživetja : odnos do življenja in smrti na tržaškem podeželju ("The Economy of Redemption and Survival: the Attitude towards Life and Death in the Trieste Countryside"). Koper.
2004 Suha pašta, pesek in bombe: vojni dnevnik Bruna Trampuža ("Dried Pasta, Sand and Bombs: War Journal of Bruno Trampuž"). Koper.
2006 Ženska obrobja: vpis žensk v zgodovino Slovencev ("Women's Peripheries: the Inscription of Women in the Slovene History"). Ljubljana.
2008 Primorski upor fašizmu: 1920–1941 ("The Anti-Fascist Resistance in the Slovenian Littoral, 1920–1941"), co-authored with *+*Milica Kacin Wohinz. Ljubljana.
2009 Meja drugih: primorsko vprašanje in slovenski spomin. Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2009.

In English
2006 Pajk, Pavlina (born Doljak) (1854–1901). IN: HAAN, Francisca de (ed.), DASKALOVA, Krasimira (ed.), LOUTFI, Anna (ed.). A biographical dictionary of women's movements and feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe : 19th and 20th centuries. Budapest; New York: CEU Press/Central European University Press, pp. 389–391.
2006 Štebi, Alojzija (Lojzka) (1883–1956). IN: HAAN, Francisca de (ed.), DASKALOVA, Krasimira (ed.), LOUTFI, Anna (ed.). A biographical dictionary of women's movements and feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe : 19th and 20th centuries. Budapest; New York: CEU Press/Central European University Press, pp. 530–533.
2010 Border genealogies: Slovenian claims to Trieste.  IN: ARTICO, Davide (ed.), MANTELLI, Brunello (ed.). From Versailles to Munich : twenty years of forgotten wars. Wrocław: Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, pp. 73–96.
2012 Between rejection and affinity : Slovene-German relations on the periphery of the Habsburg monarchy.  IN: BRUNNER, José (ed.), NACHUM, Iris (ed.)."Die Deutschen" als die Anderen : Deutschland in der Imagination seiner Nachbarn, (Tel Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte, 40 (2012). Göttingen: Wallstein,  pp. 44–59.
2013 SELIŠNIK, Irena, VERGINELLA, Marta: The desire to be free: Marica Nadlišek Bartol and the young intelligentsia at the turn of the 20th century. Historijski zbornik, 2013, 66 (1), pp. 101–120.
2015 Displacement and cultural borders in the Great war: bitterness of the refugee experience in the native country or abroad. Acta Histriae,  23 (3), pp. 357–376.
2015 Writing historiography on migrations at the meeting point of nations in the Northern Adriatic. IN: HROBAT VIRLOGET, Katja (ed.), GOUSSEFF, Catherine (ed.), CORNI, Gustavo (ed.). At home but foreigners : population transfers in 20th century Istria. Koper: University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Annales University Press, pp. 49–70.
2016 Succession choices of small farmers and women farmers' wills in the area around Trieste in the nineteenth century. IN: SOVIČ, Silvia (ed.), VIAZZO, Pier Paolo (ed.), THANE, Pat (ed.). The history of families and households : comparative European dimensions, (Central and Eastern Europe, 6). Leiden; Boston: Brill, pp. 207–231.

See also
Boris M. Gombač

References

Sources
Short biography with photo
Biography

20th-century Slovenian historians
20th-century Italian historians
Italian women historians
Slovenian women historians
Social historians
University of Trieste alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
University of Ljubljana alumni
School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences alumni
Academic staff of the University of Valencia
Academic staff of the University of Primorska
Writers from Trieste
Italian Slovenes
1960 births
Living people
21st-century Italian historians

Marta Verginella


The Eugene Celebration was a 3-day annual community celebration and civic event that has been held at the end of summer since 1983 in downtown Eugene, Oregon, United States. The parade held on Saturday morning features the newly crowned Slug Queen. The event has not been held since 2015.

Featuring bands and performers from throughout the Pacific Northwest, the three-day festival has been held in early September.

History
The Celebration was created in 1983 as a way to bring together members of the Eugene community for a weekend of music and festivities to celebrate the opening of the $22.5 million Hult Center for the Performing Arts. It attracted as many as 57,000 attendees in 2011. The event was originally sponsored by the city, and for a few years had corporate sponsorship of Centennial Bank. It was managed from 1999 through 2005 by Downtown Events Management, Inc. (DEMI), a Eugene-based non-profit corporation. Management was awarded to Kesey Enterprises, a for-profit company, for the 2013 celebration.

Eugene Celebration has brought attention to community issues and concerns regarding environmental responsibility within the greater context of a weekend festival. Recurring features at the celebration include the "Community Causeway" where nonprofit, charitable and advocacy organizations promote their services and, as of 2007, the "Sustainability Village" where Celebration participants can learn about sustainable lifestyle choices. A related event, the coronation of the SLUG Queen, occurs prior to the event.

In 2014, the event's management company, Kesey Enterprises, initially released a statement in June cancelling the August Celebration, citing new construction and growth in Eugene's revitalized downtown that reduced the space needed for entertainment and food venues. Kesey Enterprises later agreed to partner with the City of Eugene to host a $5 concert at the Cuthbert Amphitheater during the weekend. A free alternative "Festival of Eugene" at Skinner Butte Park was organized by Krysta Albert, who persisted despite a saga of funding and location uncertainties lasting as late as two weeks before the event. The Festival included "health and wellness vendors, nonprofit groups, food booths, live music and poetry readings." The Eugene Celebration Parade featured Lane Community College as the grand marshal, and included 70 groups of "school bands and dance troupes, the 2014 Slug Queen and his entourage, the fencers, roller derby skaters and belly dancers, and the primarily liberal politicians and political causes."

References

Gallery

Festivals in Eugene, Oregon
1983 establishments in Oregon
Annual events in Eugene, Oregon

Eugene Celebration