Roadwork is a thriller novel by American writer Stephen King, published in 1981 under the pseudonym Richard Bachman as a paperback original. It was collected in 1985 in the hardcover omnibus The Bachman Books.

The story takes place in an unnamed city of the Midwestern United States in 1972–1974. Grieving over the death of his son and the disintegration of his marriage, a man is driven to mental instability when he learns that both his home and his workplace will be demolished to make way for an extension to an interstate highway.

A film adaptation of the novel was announced in August 2019, with Pablo Trapero as director and Andy Muschietti (director of It and It Chapter Two) and Barbara Muschietti as producers.

Plot
During a man-on-the-street news interview in August 1972, an unnamed man (later identified as Barton George Dawes) gives his angry opinion of a new highway extension project. The narrative then jumps forward to November 1973, with Dawes, seemingly unaware of the underlying motivations of his actions, visiting a gun shop and purchasing two high-powered firearms: a .44 Magnum revolver and a hunting rifle chambered for .460 Weatherby Magnum cartridges. The story gradually reveals that Dawes' son Charlie had died of brain cancer three years earlier, and that Dawes is unable or unwilling to sever his emotional ties to both the industrial laundry where he works and the house in which Charlie grew up. The laundry and his entire neighborhood are to be demolished as part of the project.

Dawes resigns his middle management job at the laundry after sabotaging the purchase of its new facility, and his wife Mary leaves him once she learns of both these actions and his failure to find a new house for the couple. Dawes then approaches Salvatore "Sal" Magliore, the owner of a local used-car dealership with ties to organized crime, in an attempt to obtain explosives. Magliore initially dismisses him as a crackpot, so Dawes assembles a load of Molotov cocktails and uses them to damage the highway construction equipment. He is not caught, but his actions cause only a brief delay in the project. Dawes initially refuses to accept the money being offered by the city for the house under the eminent domain statute, but changes his mind after the city's attorney threatens to publicize his brief tryst with Olivia Brenner, a young hitchhiker who had previously taken shelter at the house. Magliore has Dawes' house checked for listening devices planted by the city and later agrees to sell him a load of explosives. Dawes gives half the money from the house sale to Mary, gives $5,000 to a homeless man in a coffee shop, and has Magliore invest most of the remainder on behalf of Olivia after paying for the explosives.

In January 1974, with only hours remaining before he is required to leave the property, Dawes wires the whole house with the explosives and barricades himself inside. When the police arrive to forcibly evict him, he shoots at them, killing no one but forcing them to take cover and attracting the attention of the media. Dawes coerces the police into letting a reporter - the same one who interviewed him in 1972, though neither recognizes the other - enter and speak to him. Once the reporter has left, Dawes tosses his guns out the window and sets off his explosives, destroying the house and killing himself.

A short epilogue reveals that the reporter and his team ultimately won a Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the incident and uncovered the truth about the extension project: there was no real reason for it. Unless the city built a certain number of miles of road per year, it would become ineligible for federal funding of interstate construction projects. The city quietly began preparing to sue Mary for her share of the eminent domain payout, but dropped the suit in the wake of public outcry.

Author's comments
In the introduction to The Bachman Books, King stated: "I think it was an effort to make some sense of my mother's painful death the year before – a lingering cancer had taken her off inch by painful inch. Following this death I was left both grieving and shaken by the apparent senselessness of it all... Roadwork tries so hard to be good and find some answers to the conundrum of human pain."

King also described his disappointment with the work, and stated that he was of two minds about having it reprinted, but decided to proceed, in order to give readers an insight into his personality at the time. In a new introduction to the second edition of The Bachman Books, King stated that he had changed his mind and that Roadwork had become his favorite of the early books.

Connections to other King works

The mangle in the laundromat where Dawes works is nicknamed "The Mangler", because of "what would happen to you if you ever got caught in it." King had previously published a short story called "The Mangler" (1972), in which a demon-possessed mangle kills workers in an industrial laundry facility.

Roadwork relates a story about a .22 caliber, single-shot rifle that Barton Dawes had bought as a boy:

In Apt Pupil (1982), Todd Bowden sees an injured blue jay on the ground while cycling; the bird's beak opens and closes slowly. In Desperation (1996), the character Audrey Wyler recalls:

References

1981 American novels
Novels by Richard Bachman
Fiction set in 1972
Fiction set in 1973
Fiction set in 1974
Novels set in the 1970s
Novels set in the Midwestern United States
Signet Books books

Roadwork (novel)


Margaret, Lady of Lisarea was lady of the fief of Lisarea in the Principality of Achaea, around 1276.

Her identity is obscure, as very little is known about her. The 19th-century German medievalist Karl Hopf proposed a reconstructed genealogy, whereby she was the daughter of Guibert of Cors and Margaret of Nully, along with a hypothetical brother, William. Hopf further proposed that she married first Payen of Stenay, who is attested as selling a part of the Cors lands in 1280, and then, in 1287–89, as her second husband, Geoffrey II of Briel.

The French scholar Antoine Bon, however, rejected Hopf's hypothesis, pointing out that many assumptions rested on pure conjecture: the only certain facts, according to Bon, are that in 1276, Margaret held the fief of Lisarea, that she was a cousin of Walter of Rosières, and that she married Geoffrey II, with whom she had a daughter.

References

Sources

Women from the Principality of Achaea
13th-century women rulers
13th-century births
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
13th-century people from the Principality of Achaea

Margaret, Lady of Lisarea


Otto Christopher von Munthe af Morgenstierne (6 January 1735 – 17 March 1809) was a Danish civil servant, judge and landowner. He was the owner of Bækkeskov at Præstø.

Early life and education
Munthe was born in Copenhagen, the son of Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne and Anna Dorothea Smith. He graduated in law from the University of Copenhagen in 1753. His father was ennobled by letters patent under the name Munthe af Morgenstjerne in 1755.

Career
Munthe af Gyldenstjerne was in 1758 employed as a secretary in Danish Chancellery. In 1758 and as deputy judge on Zealand and Møn. In 1767, he was appointed as War and Land Commissioner of Zealand, Lolland, Falster and Møn.  He became a member of the Generalitets- og Kommissariatskollegiet in 178 but was dismissed in 1789, possibly due to his opposition to the abolition of the Stavnsbånd.

Property
Munthe af Morgenstjerne's mother ceded Bækkeskov to him in 1759. He shut down the small village of Bækkeskov and placed the land directly under the manor. He sold the estate to English-born merchant and shipowner Charles August Selbye in 1795.

Personal life
Munthe af Morgenstierne married three times. His first wife was Marie Bolette Reichard (1741–1765), a daughter of naval officer Jesper Hansen Reichard (died 1752) and Margrethe Marie née Berg. They married on 26 June 1760. His second wife was Christine Bodille Birgitte de Flindt (1748–1787), a daughter of konferensråd Henrik de Flindt by his first wife Johanne Christine née Riis (died 1755). They married on 22 February  1768. His third wife was Elisabeth Flindt (1743–1819), the widow of kammerråd Thor Hansen Wederkinch and a daughter of major Henrik Flindt and Vilhelmine Elisabeth Charlotte née Merchel.

Otto Christopher von Munthe af Morgenstierne died at Hillerød on 17 March 1809. He is buried at Nyhuse.

A son by his second wife was judge (sorenskriver) in Bamle Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne (1774–1835). He established a branch of the Munthe af Morgenstjerne family in Norway.

References

External links
 Otto Christopher von Munthe af Morgenstierne

Danish civil servants
Danish judges
18th-century Danish landowners
1735 births
1809 deaths


Ceraurus is a genus of cheirurid trilobite of the middle and, much more rarely, the upper Ordovician. They are commonly found in strata of the lower Great Lakes region. These trilobites have eleven thoracic segments, a very small pygidium and long genal and pygidial spines.

Ceraurus is quite common in the Ordovician of upstate New York, south-central and south-eastern Ontario, and the St. Lawrence Valley in Quebec, as well as in the Canadian Arctic. It and similar genera range in size from less than quarter an inch to well over five inches. Similar genera of trilobites occur in the Ordovician outcrops of the Volkhov River, near St. Petersburg, Russia.

The taxonomy of the genus is problematic, as the many variations of eye placement, decoration patterns of pustules, and spine length call the genus' defining characteristics into question. Ceraurus may, in fact, be at least four genera: Ceraurus sensu stricto, and the genera, Gabriceraurus, Bufoceraurus and Leviceraurus.

References
 Ludvigsen, Rolf, Fossils of Ontario: Part I: The Trilobites. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1983.

Cheiruridae
Phacopida genera
Extinct animals of North America
Ordovician trilobites of North America
Middle Ordovician first appearances
Late Ordovician extinctions
Bromide Formation
Paleozoic life of Ontario
Verulam Formation
Paleozoic life of British Columbia
Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Paleozoic life of Quebec

Ceraurus


Ernest Becker (September 27, 1924 – March 6, 1974) was an American cultural anthropologist and author of the 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Denial of Death.

Biography

Early life
Ernest Becker was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, to Jewish immigrant parents. Serving in the infantry during World War II, he would help liberate a Nazi concentration camp. After he completed his military service, Becker attended Syracuse University in New York. Upon graduation he joined the U.S. Embassy in Paris as an administrative officer.

In his early 30s, he returned to Syracuse University to pursue graduate studies in cultural anthropology, and would complete his PhD in 1960. The first of his nine books, Zen: A Rational Critique (1961) was based on his doctoral dissertation.

Professional career

After graduating from Syracuse University in 1960, Becker began "the short 14-year period of his professional career"
as a professor and writer. Initially, he taught anthropology in the Department of Psychiatry at the Upstate Medical College in Syracuse, New York, but was summarily fired, along with other non-tenured professors, for supporting tenured Professor Thomas Szasz in a dispute with the administration over academic freedom. After a year in Italy, Becker was hired back at Syracuse University, this time in the School of Education.

In 1965, Becker acquired a lecturer position at the University of California, Berkeley in the anthropology program. However, trouble again arose between Becker and the administration, leading to his departure from the university. At the time, thousands of students petitioned to keep Becker at the school and offered to pay his salary, but the petition did not succeed in retaining Becker. In 1967, he taught at San Francisco State's Department of Psychology until January 1969, when he resigned in protest against the administration's stringent policies against student demonstrations.

In 1969, Becker began a professorship at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, where he spent the final years of his academic life. During this time, Becker worked on the second edition of The Birth and Death of Meaning, to which he made extensive revisions. Next he wrote his 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning work The Denial of Death. Finally, he worked on drafts of Escape from Evil, but the latter was not completed at the time of his death.

Becker's insistence on interdisciplinary work, along with the fact that students flocked to his lectures, which were marked by a high level of theatricality, did not endear him to many of his colleagues. Referring to his insistence on the importance symbolism plays in the human animal, he wrote, "I have tried to correct... bias by showing how deep theatrical 'superficialities' really go."

Death
In November 1972, Ernest Becker was diagnosed with colon cancer. Two years later, on 6 March 1974, he would pass away at the age of 49 in Burnaby, British Columbia. Shortly before his death, he participated in a series of interviews with Sam Keen for Psychology Today.

Ideas and concepts

As related above, Becker did not attain tenure when he was fired from his first academic position at Upstate Medical College in Syracuse, NY. This was a result of a dispute the school had with "anti-psychiatrist" Thomas Szasz, with whom Becker sided. This may be the reason Szasz's views are sometimes imputed to Becker. However, Becker's support of Szasz was limited to the issue of academic freedom: that is, whether or not Szasz (who had tenure) had the right to teach his views to psychiatry students.

During the final decade of his relatively short life, Becker used the ideas and concepts from many different writers and thinkers to write his books and teach his classes. To list just a few of these thinkers who helped formulate many of his theories, many point to how Becker draws on the work of Søren Kierkegaard, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Reich, Norman O. Brown, Erich Fromm, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and especially Otto Rank.

The Birth and Death of Meaning
The Birth and Death of Meaning, published in 1962 and then extensively revised and republished in 1971, was "Becker's first attempt to explain the human condition." It takes its title from the concept of mankind progressing from simple-minded ape to a world of symbols and illusions, and then deconstructing those illusions through our own evolving intellect.

Revolution in Psychiatry
During this early period, Becker was formulating a "fully transactional" view of mental health that eventually formed the basis of his book, Revolution in Psychiatry (1964). Although Szasz is cited on a few key points in this book, Becker pursues a very distinct path.

The Denial of Death
In his 1973 book The Denial of Death, Becker came to believe that an individual's character is essentially formed around the process of denying one's own mortality, that this denial is a necessary component of functioning in the world, and that this character-armor masks and obscures genuine self-knowledge. Much of the evil in the world, he believed, was a consequence of this need to deny death.

Escape From Evil
Becker eventually came to the position that psychological inquiry can only bring us to a distinct threshold beyond which belief systems must be invoked to satisfy the human psyche. The reach of such a perspective consequently encompasses science and religion, and led to what Sam Keen suggested was Becker's greatest achievement: the writing of Escape from Evil, left unfinished at the time of Becker's death, but posthumously published in 1975.

Influence and legacy

Two months after his death, Becker was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his book, The Denial of Death (1973), posthumously gaining him wider recognition. Escape From Evil (1975) was intended as a significant extension of the line of reasoning begun in The Denial of Death, developing the social and cultural implications of the concepts explored in the earlier book. Although the manuscript's second half was left unfinished at the time of his death, it was completed from the manuscript that existed as well as from notes on the unfinished chapter.

Since his death Becker's work, particularly as expressed in his later books, The Denial of Death and Escape from Evil, has had a significant impact on social psychology and the psychology of religion. Terror management theory, an important research programme in social psychology that has spawned over 200 published studies has turned Becker's views on the cultural influence of death anxiety into a scientific theory that helps to explain such diverse human phenomena as self-esteem, prejudice, and religion.

After his death, the Ernest Becker Foundation was founded, focused on multidisciplinary inquiries into human behavior. The foundation would focus on reducing violence in human society, using Becker's basic ideas to support research and application at the interfaces of science, the humanities, social action, and religion.

Flight From Death (2003) is a documentary film directed by Patrick Shen, based on Becker's work, and partially funded by the Ernest Becker Foundation.

Works

Books
1961. Zen: A Rational Critique. New York: W. W. Norton.
1962. The Birth and Death of Meaning: An Interdisciplinary Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology (1st ed.). New York: The Free Press of Glencoe.
1964. Revolution in Psychiatry: The New Understanding of Man. New York: Free Press.
1967. Beyond Alienation: A Philosophy of Education for the Crisis of Democracy. New York: George Braziller.
1968. The Structure of Evil: An Essay on the Unification of the Science of Man. New York: George Braziller.
1969. Angel in Armor: A Post-Freudian Perspective on the Nature of Man. New York: George Braziller.
This book is a collection of shorter essays, lectures, and reviews written between 1962 and 1968.
1971. The Lost Science of Man. New York: George Braziller.
1971. The Birth and Death of Meaning: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on the Problem of Man (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press.
1973. The Denial of Death. New York: Free Press.
1975. Escape from Evil. New York: Free Press.

Essays
 1974. "The spectrum of loneliness." Humanitas 10:237–46.
 1974. "Toward the merger of animal and human studies." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 4:235–54.

References

Further reading

Books on Becker
 Evans, Ron. 1992. The Creative Myth and the Cosmic Hero: Text and Context in Ernest Becker's 'The Denial of Death'''. New York: Peter Lang.
 Kagen, Michael Alan. 1994. Educating Heroes: The Implications of Ernest Becker's Depth Psychology of Education for Philosophy of Education. Durango, CO: Hollowbrook Publishing.
 Kenel, Sally A. 1988. Mortal Gods: Ernest Becker and Fundamental Theology. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
 Leifer, Ronald, 1976. "Becker, Ernest." In The Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 18. New York: Macmillan/Free Press.
 Liechty, Daniel, ed. 2005. The Ernest Becker Reader. University of Washington Press.
 — 2002. Death and Denial: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Legacy of Ernest Becker. Praeger. .
 Martin, Stephen W. 1997. Decomposing Modernity: Ernest Becker's Images of Humanity at the End of an Age. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
 Streeter, J. 2009. Human Nature, Human Evil, and Religion: Ernest Becker and Christian Theology. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. .

 Essays on Becker
 Bates, Harvey. 1977. "Letters from Ernest." Christian Century 9:217–27.

 Keen, Sam. 1974. "A Conversation with Ernest Becker." Psychology Today (April):71–80.
 Liechty, Daniel. 2004 [1998]. "An Ernest Becker Bibliography." Zygon 33(1):87–90. .
 Martin, Jack. "Ernest Becker at Simon Fraser University (1969-1974)" Journal of Humanistic Psychology'' 54(1):66–112. .

External links

 The Ernest Becker Foundation
 Ernest Becker Listserv Archive (Inactive Now July 2009)
Finding aid to the Ernest Becker papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library
 Encyclopedia of Death and Dying
 "Introduction" to The Ernest Becker Reader (2005) by Daniel Liechty
 What Drives People To Behave The Way They Do? (an introductory guide about Ernest Becker's ideas)
 Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review

1924 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American psychologists
Anti-psychiatry
Cultural anthropologists
Deaths from cancer in British Columbia
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Existential therapists
Jewish American social scientists
Jewish American writers
Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction winners
20th-century American anthropologists
20th-century American Jews

Ernest Becker


Justus Ludwik Decjusz (, ; 1485–1545) was a notable Polish burgher and diplomat of German origin in 16th-century Kraków. He served as a finance minister and secretary to the Polish king Sigismund I the Old.

Originally from Alsace, Decjusz's career peaked with his appointment as the king's personal adviser and overseer of the royal mint. He was also the author of a widely circulated text "De vetustatibus Polonorum" (, On the Ancient Origins of the Poles), an early version of the Sarmatian myth about the origin of the Polish kings. He also wrote "Księga o czasach króla Zygmunta" (A chronicle of the times of Zygmunt), based on personal observation and experience, which has served as a widely used primary source on 16th-century Poland.

In 1528 Decjusz bought the villages Przegorzały and Wola Chełmska near Kraków (currently both are part of a suburb of the city Wola Justowska, named after him) and built a villa, designed by Italian architects. The work, finished in 1535, took seven years to complete. It became a meeting place for local residents of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds to discuss issues of the day, politics and religious matters. The practice is continued today by the Stowarzyszenie Willa Decjusza (Organization Decjusz's Villa), which is located in the building.

References

1485 births
1545 deaths
Polish diplomats
16th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Polish people of German descent
16th-century Polish businesspeople

Justus Ludwik Decjusz


Secreted and transmembrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SECTM1 gene.

This gene encodes a transmembrane and secreted protein with characteristics of a type 1a transmembrane protein. It is found in a perinuclear Golgi-like pattern and thought to be involved in hematopoietic and/or immune system processes.

References

Further reading

SECTM1


Prof. Walter Lyon Blease (1884 – 12 April 1963), was a British Liberal Party politician, barrister and academic.

Background
He was born in Liverpool, the son of Walter and Mary Cecilia Blease. He was educated at Parkfield School, Liverpool; Shrewsbury School and Liverpool University. He was awarded the Studentship at Bar Final Examination, 1906. He married, in 1918, Harriott Davies. They had three daughters.

He served with hospital units in Serbia 1915 and in Russia and Romania 1916–18. He was Assistant Editor of The New East, Tokyo in 1918.

Academic career
He was Lecturer in the Law and Custom of the Constitution at Liverpool University in 1910. He was Queen Victoria Professor of Law, at Liverpool University from 1919–49.

Political career
He was Liberal candidate for the Chorley Division of Lancashire at the January 1910 General Election.

In 1936 he was appointed a governor of the British Film Institute.
In 1939 he was adopted as Liberal prospective parliamentary candidate for the East Toxteth Division of Liverpool. The constituency had been safe for the Conservatives during the 1930s, even without a Labour candidate to split the anti-Tory vote. By 1939 there was again no Labour candidate selected. A general election was anticipated to take place in the autumn of 1939, but, due to the outbreak of war, the election did not take place until the 1945 general election. By then, a Labour candidate had emerged;

He was Liberal candidate for the new Garston Division of Liverpool at the 1950 General Election.

He was Chairman of the Executive Council for Liverpool under the National Health Service Act 1946 from 1952–60. He was a Member of the Management Committee of the Executive Councils Association (England) from 1960 until his death.

He was Chairman of the Liverpool Philharmonic Society from 1950–51.

See also

References

External links

 http://birkdalefocus.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/brilliant-squeeze-leaflet-from-1945.html

1884 births
1963 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Academics of the University of Liverpool
People educated at Shrewsbury School
English barristers

Lyon Blease


Joan of France, Duchess of Berry, (born 23 April 1464 – 4 February 1505) was a wife of King Louis XII. She was queen of France from the death of her brother, King Charles VIII in April 1498 and the annulment of her marriage in December 1498. After that, she retired to her domain in Bourges. She founded the monastic Order of the Sisters of the Annunciation of Mary. She served as abbess. She was made a Saint in 1950.

1464 births
1505 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
French Roman Catholics
Christian saints
People from Bourges
Nuns

Joan of France, Duchess of Berry


Andrés Calamaro (Andrés Calamaro Massel, August 22, 1961) is an Argentine musician, composer and Latin Grammy winner. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential rock artists in Spanish. He is also one of the most complete artists for his wide range of musical styles, including funk, reggae, ballads, boleros, tangos, jazz. His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin America mainly during the 1990s. He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock, selling over 1.3 million records to date.

Life and career

Abuelos de la Nada
Andres Calamaro was born in Buenos Aires. At 17 years of age he participated as a guest in the recording of an album of the group Raíces, and shortly after he started his own band, the Elmer Band, with guitarist friend Gringui Herrera. This band had an underground hit, Tristeza de la Ciudad (City Blues).

When Miguel Abuelo, leader of Los Abuelos de la Nada, returned to Argentina, he reunited the band and invited Calamaro to play keyboards. The band was a big success; Calamaro wrote some of their greatest hits, such as Sin gamulán, Mil horas and Costumbres argentinas.

First solo period

Before the dissolution of Los Abuelos de la Nada, Calamaro released his first solo album, Hotel Calamaro in 1984. A second album, Vida Cruel, recorded shortly after his separation from the band, was received warmly by the press but did not achieve commercial success.

After a third album, Por Mirarte (1988), Calamaro started producing for bands such as Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Los Enanitos Verdes and soloists such as Fabiana Cantilo.

Calamaro closed the 1980s with his own band, featuring old friends Gringui Herrera and Ariel Rot, who recently came back from Spain. The trio recorded the album Nadie sale vivo de aquí (No One Gets Out of Here Alive) in 1989 with a number of guest musicians, which obtained the nomination of Best Record of the Year.

In 1990, Calamaro worked as a producer in Sandra Mihanovich and Celeste Carballo's album Mujer contra mujer.

Los Rodríguez
Due to the economic situation in Argentina, Calamaro and Rot settled in Spain, where they created the band Los Rodríguez with Julián Infante and Germán Villela on drums. The band didn't have a bass player, but Guillermo Martin, Candi Avello, and later Daniel Zamora accompanied the band in recordings and tours.

Los Rodríguez released three successful studio albums: Buena Suerte (1991), Sin documentos (1993) and Palabras más, palabras menos (1995), as well as the live Disco Pirata (1992), and the compilation Hasta luego (1996).

Sin documentos gave them international acclaim, with its mixture of Rock, Flamenco and Latin American rhythms. They toured Spain and Latin America, and entered the history of Rock in Spanish.

Solo
Andrés Calamaro released Grabaciones Encontradas ("Found recordings" which in Spanish could also be understood as "Conflicting Recordings") while working with Los Rodríguez. After Palabras más, palabras menos, the band released a "Greatest Hits" album, which sold nicely, and then dissolved.

In 1996, Calamaro performed "Cosas Que Me Ayudan A Olvidar (Things That Help Me To Forget)" for the AIDS benefit album Silencio=Muerte: Red Hot + Latin produced by the Red Hot Organization. In 1997 Calamaro recorded Alta suciedad (literally "High Filth," but also a pun "High Society"/"Alta Sociedad"), which sold over half a million copies and took him again touring around Latin America.

Calamaro began composing song after song. In six months, he had over 100 songs ready to be released. Thirty seven of these found their way to his next album, Honestidad brutal. The album included hits such as: Te quiero igual, Paloma, Los aviones, Cuando te conocí and La parte de adelante. This double CD was created after the breakup with his girlfriend, which reflected in the songs. The album also contains a collaboration with Diego Maradona.

In 2000, he recorded 103 songs in his five-CD album El Salmón.

Free music
In the following years, Calamaro made many guest appearances in concerts and recordings. He posted unpublished songs from 2001-2002 for free download over the Internet, saying that "Music belongs to those who want to hear it; and to nobody else".

He also made his home recordings available online. Due to the low quality of the recordings, and with permission of the author Camisetas Para Todos, a group of fans, re-mastered Calamaro's songs and made them available on their site. He also started Radio Salmón Vaticano, a virtual recording studio at his web site.

In 2004 he released El Cantante (The Singer), an album with covers of Tangos and other Latin American rhythms, and a few of his web released songs.

The Return
In 2005 he released El Regreso (The Return), a compilation of the live recordings from his appearance in the Luna Park Stadium earlier that year. The disc was presented on December 17 to an audience of 20,000 in the Obras Sanitarias Stadium, and was awarded with the 2006 Gardel Award for Rock album by Male Artist and Best Album Cover. Calamaro was awarded the Golden Gardel (main award).

After that, he released Tinta Roja, a collection of classic Tangos as El día que me quieras, Como dos extraños or Sur.
On November 20 of 2006 was released El Palacio de las Flores, recorded with Litto Nebbia and on September 11 of 2007, La Lengua Popular comes to light. In 2008 Raíces 30 Años followed with the band Raíces, and in 2009 Andrés, a solo-anthology of 6 CDs.

In June 2010 he released his album "On The Rock", an album which returned to his more rock-oriented sound. The album became an instant hit as well as the first single "Los Divinos" a song about the passing of time.

Discography

Los Abuelos de la Nada
Los Abuelos de la Nada [The Grandparents of Nothingness] (1982)
Vasos y Besos [Glasses and Kisses] (1983)
Himno de mi Corazón [The Hymn of My Heart] (1984)
En Directo desde el Ópera [Live Album] (1985)

Los Rodríguez
Buena Suerte (1991)
Disco Pirata (1992)
Sin Documentos (1993)
Palabras más, Palabras menos (1995)
Hasta Luego (1997)
Hasta Luego (Collector CD/book) (2001)
Para no olvidar (2001)

Solo
 Hotel Calamaro (1984)
 Vida Cruel (1985)
 Por Mirarte (1988)
 Nadie sale vivo de aquí (1989)
 Grabaciones Encontradas Vol. I (1993)
 Loco por Tí - Live in Ayacucho '88 (1994)
 Caballos Salvajes (1995)
 Grabaciones Encontradas Vol. II (1996)
 Alta Suciedad (1997)
 Las otras caras de Alta Suciedad (1998)
 Una Década Perdida (1998)
 Honestidad Brutal (1999)
 Alta Suciedad (Collector Series) (1999)
 El Salmón (2000)
 Duetos (2001)
 El Cantante (2004)
 El Regreso (2005)
 Tinta Roja (2006)
 Made in Argentina (DVD) (2006)
 El Palacio de las Flores (2006)
 La Lengua Popular (2007)
 Dos son Multitud (collaboration with Fito & Fitipaldis) (2008)
 Nada se Pierde (released by EFE EME magazine, with previous unpublished songs) (2009)
 On the Rock (2010)
 Bohemio (2013)
 Hijos del Pueblo (collaboration with Enrique Bunbury) (2015)
 Volumen 11 (2016)
 Cargar la Suerte (2018)
 Dios los Cría (2021)

References

External links

Andres Calamaro Official Website
Andrés Calamaro - Beyond Prolific
Deepcamboya Andres Calamaro No Official Website

1961 births
Andrés Calamaro
Living people
Singers from Buenos Aires
Jewish Argentine musicians
Argentine Jews
Argentine people of Italian-Jewish descent
Argentine male singer-songwriters
Argentine singer-songwriters
Argentine multi-instrumentalists
Argentine film score composers
Male film score composers
Rock en Español musicians
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin music songwriters
Rock songwriters

Andrés Calamaro


LIVE365 is an Internet radio network which enables users to create their own online radio stations and listen to thousands of human curated stations. Online radio stations on the Live365 network were created and managed by music and talk enthusiasts, including both hobbyists and professional broadcasters. Live365 also has many well established AM and FM stations that use Live365 broadcasting platform to simulcast their terrestrial radio streams. The Live365 network also features radio stations from artists such as Johnny Cash, David Byrne, Pat Metheny, Jethro Tull, and Frank Zappa. Live365 was created in 1999, and remains one of the longest running internet radio websites for listeners and broadcasters.

This internet radio provides service in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, with licenses from those countries' performance rights societies.

History
Nanocosm Inc. (the parent company of Live365) was a technology startup founded by two roommates from the Princeton class of 1981, Alex Sanford and Steve Follmer, whose initial product was NanoHome, a 3D "Virtual Home" website featuring 3D homepages on the World Wide Web.

Live365 had its beginnings in a hosted community radio project developed by Nanocosm employee Andy Volk in his free time using Shoutcast technology, and later modified by employee Brian Lomeland. In 1998, Andy Volk shared the idea with Nanocosm CTO Peter Rothman, and they developed the concept for a new large-scale hosted community radio service dubbed Live365. After launch in July 1999, Live365 quickly eclipsed NanoHome, and the company soon shifted to solely focus on Live365 and online audio streaming services.

At launch, broadcasting and listening on Live365 was free of charge. Stations had a maximum listener cap of 365 simultaneous listeners and 365 megabytes of storage for music and audio. In September 2001, Live365 began charging for use of its broadcasting services to remain financially viable in the wake of rising music royalty costs. More expensive plans allowed stations to have more simultaneous listeners and a greater amount of music file storage space. Members who joined before September 2001 could continue broadcasting with their original package for free. This model would later be replaced with one in which all members pay, but those who joined before September 2001 received a discount. In March 2003, Live365 launched their commercial-free membership called VIP.

Closure and reopening
The Webcaster Settlement Act of 2009 expired in January 2016, ending a 10-year period in which smaller online radio stations, Live365 among them, paid lower music licensing fees compared to larger broadcasters. After this time, smaller radio stations were required to pay the same fees as the largest broadcasters. Also, on January 31, 2016, webcasters, who are governed by rules adopted by the Copyright Royalty Board, were required to begin paying SoundExchange an annual, nonrefundable minimum fee of $500 for each channel and station, the fee for services with greater than 100 stations or channels being $50,000 annual.

With the pending expiration of the lower royalty rate allowed for small broadcasters, investors removed their support of the company. In late December 2015, Live365 laid off most of its employees and vacated its office, and the few remaining employees were remote workers. On January 31, 2016, Live365 ceased webcasting and its website redirected listeners and users to a list of competing services. A year after its closure, Live365 relaunched its site and streaming services.

In July 2016, Live365 was acquired by Jon Stephenson, owner of content delivery network EmpireStreaming (now SoundStack). The following month, the website returned with signs of a possible relaunch. An article was posted to the site's official Twitter on May 23, 2017 announcing the relaunch.

On January 6, 2018, Live365 was reorganized under Media Creek Inc., a Delaware-based holding company.

Services and features

Listening
Live365 offers a variety of music and talk from numerous countries and genres. Users may listen to thousands of stations on the Live365 radio network for free, with in-stream audio ads covering a portion of the music royalty and streaming costs. Live365 also offers personalized recommendations. Live365 is available for listening on the web and across many mobile and home streaming devices.

Live365 offers a paid listener subscription service called VIP, which features commercial-free listening.

Broadcasting platform
Live365 is a digital broadcasting platform that was initially operational from 1999 to January 31, 2016, before being revived in 2018. The platform provides the functionality for users to either host live broadcasts or upload and create playlists of music and talk content for streaming purposes. Live365 pays music royalties to labels, artists, songwriters, and publishers through organizations including ASCAP, BMI, SESAC, and SoundExchange.

In October 2011, Live365 implemented the Pro Points rewards program. This enabled Pro broadcasters to incorporate Live365 audio advertisements into their content, with financial rewards granted upon reaching specified ad milestones.

In 2013, Live365 further expanded its service offerings with the release of the Studio365 for Mobile application. This software tool allows Live365 broadcasters to manage their radio station remotely using mobile devices.

Company milestones
 July 1999: Developed originally as a virtual home environment named Nanohome, Live365 was created as a side project to create a form of online community radio.  After popular public demand, focus shifted to developing Live365 full-time.
 October 1999: Basic mode broadcasting technology released to broadcasters. Technology noted as first of its kind for streaming internet broadcasts.
 November 1999: Live365 makes the cover of Billboard magazine
 2001: New broadcasters' packages upgraded, allowing for more storage space and simultaneous listeners.  Previous limited space included 365 MB for storage and 365 simultaneous listeners.
2001: Live365 launched Player365 for PocketPC the First and Only Streaming MP3 Player for Pocket PC and introduced the very first wireless Internet radio (7 years before the launch of the iPhone)

 2002: Royalty rights continue to climb for internet radio services.  Live365 fights back by airing public service announcements about increasing royalty rates on their stations.
 March 2003: Launches ad-free VIP membership service (originally called Preferred Membership)
 November 2003: Releases Radio365 – desktop player for Mac
 March 2004: Releases Radio365 – desktop player for Windows
 August 2005: Launches on TiVo streaming devices
 June 2007: Copyright Royalty Board hearings in Washington, D.C.  Live365 joins other internet radio companies in opposing higher music royalty rates.
 November 2007: Windows mobile app released
 April 2009: Mobile app for iPhone released.
 July 2010: Website redesign with an updated logo design.  The new design includes an embedded audio player that's accessible from every page of the website.  The player features album art, recommendations, and sharing features including Facebook, Twitter, Presets, and improved station search.
 November 16, 2010: Releases two new targeted websites:  The female centric Athena365, and MyGen365, an internet radio site dedicated to baby boomers.
 April 7, 2011: Next generation of Live365 Radio iPhone app released
 June 28, 2011: Mobile app for Android devices released
 September 2011: Begins streaming on Roku devices
 October 2011: Launches Pro Points program paying Professional Broadcasters for reaching certain milestones
 December 2011: Live365 app released on Amazon Kindle Fire devices
 April 2012: Releases multi-platform desktop player called Live365 Desktop
 August 2012: Launches dedicated iPad app
 March 2013: Launches Studio365 mobile app
 January 31, 2016:  Operations terminated due to imposition of higher royalty rates
 July 2016:  Temporary suspends operations
 January 2017: Live 365 resumes operations.

References

External links

Internet radio stations in the United States
Internet properties established in 1999
Companies based in Foster City, California
1999 establishments in California

Live365


Ben Barrell (14 May 1885 – 14 July 1969) was an English first-class cricketer who represented Lancashire. A right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler, he played three first-class matches for the county between 1911 and 1923.

Barrell made his Lancashire debut on 19 June 1911 against an Indian representative side as part of the Indian team's tour of England and took three wickets for 10 runs. Two months later he was selected to play his first County Championship match as Lancashire recorded an innings victory against Hampshire. Barrell next played for the county almost 12 years later, making his final first-class appearance in the draw with Essex in July 1923. In this match he recorded his highest score of 25.

Aside from representing Lancashire, Barrell also played in the Minor Counties Championship for Cheshire and played club cricket for Enfield.

References

1885 births
1969 deaths
English cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Cheshire cricketers
People from Orford, Suffolk
Cricketers from Suffolk

Ben Barrell


Herut (, lit. Freedom) was the name of four newspapers published in Palestine and later Israel. The first was established in Jerusalem during the Ottoman era, two were journals of the Irgun, whilst the fourth was owned by the Herut political party founded by former Irgun members.

Jerusalem newspaper
In 1909 a weekly newspaper by the name of Ha-Herut was established in 1909 by Avraham Elmalih, later a member of the Knesset for the Sephardim and Oriental Communities party. Initially edited by Haim Ben-Atar, it was considered to be the mouthpiece of the city's Sephardi community. It became a daily newspaper in 1912, and was edited by Elmalih between 1914 and 1919, being the only Hebrew newspaper to appear regularly during World War I.

Irgun newspaper
Herut was established as the journal of the Irgun in 1942, with its first edition published on 10 March that year. It was published at least once a month on four pages, and was sent by mail to private addresses, as well as being pasted on walls in public areas. The paper took a Revisionist slant on problems in the yishuv, but also included coded messages to members of the Irgun underground. For that reason, the British authorities followed the newspaper closely, with a full English translation sent to the Foreign Secretary in November 1943.

The ninety-ninth and last edition of the paper was published on 10 June 1948, though publication of a separate Herut journal continued in Jerusalem during June and July that year, with the city cut off from the rest of the country by the siege and the local Irgun not having been absorbed into the IDF.

Herut daily
In 1948 a new daily newspaper associated with the Herut party (with which it shared its name) was launched by former journalists of HaMashkif, the Hatzohar-affiliated newspaper, including Izik Ramba, who was its editor from 1957 onwards. Its journalists included Yoel Marcus, Dan Margalit, Eitan Haber, Shlomo Nakdimon, Ze'ev Galili, Amos Keinan, Uzi Benziman, Eliyahu Matza, Dan Levin, Aryeh Naor and Moshe Katsav. Chief editors included Shmuel Merlin, a Herut Knesset member.

In 1965 the Herut party allied with the Liberal Party. The Herut newspaper was merged with the HaBoker newspaper owned by the General Zionists faction of the Liberal Party, to form HaYom, which ceased publication four years later.

References

External links
Herut at Historical Jewish Press

1948 establishments in Israel
1965 disestablishments in Israel
Hebrew-language newspapers
Newspapers established in 1909
Newspapers established in 1942
Publications disestablished in 1948
Newspapers established in 1948
Publications disestablished in 1965
Defunct newspapers published in Israel
Mass media in Jerusalem
Newspapers published in Mandatory Palestine
1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Revisionist Zionism

Herut (newspaper)


Villa Caldogno (also known as Caldogno Nordera) is a villa in the Veneto region of Italy, which is attributed to Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio.  It was built for the aristocratic Caldogno family on their estate in the village of Caldogno near Vicenza. It is also known as the "Villa Nordera" after Dr. Ettore Nordera who owned the property through a large part of the 20th century.

History

A Latin inscription on the facade (Angelus Calidonius Luschi Filius MDLXX) dates the completion of the building to 1570 when it belonged to Angelo Caldogno.  However, Angelo's father, Losco Caldogno, appears to have started to build in the 1540s, probably incorporating walls from a pre-existing building. 1570 is possibly the date of the completion of the villa's decorative scheme.

The villa is not included in I quattro libri dell'architettura, Palladio's treatise of 1570, in which the architect discussed a number of his creations.  However, it is similar to certain villas, such as the Villa Saraceno, that Palladio is known to have created in the 1540s and 1550s.

In 1932 the villa and the surrounding lands were purchased by Dr. Ettore Nordera, the director of the neurological medicine department of the hospital San Felice in Vicenza. During this time the buildings became part of an institute known as the "Istituto Medico Pedagogico Nordera". The institute guested 150 children who lived under the guidance of the "Dorotee" nuns. Here they received psychological and medical assistance. It was during this period in which some constructions were added behind the main villa between 1937-39 to accommodate more space for the clinic.

Between 1941 and 1944 the villa was confiscated by the German military who used it as a military hospital. During this period the German military built a bomb shelter beside the main villa which is now the Villas ice room. After the war the Nordera Institute was reopened.
The Nordera Institute at the Villa Caldogno-Nordera would eventually close and in 1978 part of the property was given to the communal administration. In 1986, the rest of the property including the Palladian villa was sold to the communal administration.

Decorative scheme

The villa has frescoes by Giovanni Antonio Fasolo, who decorated Palladio's Teatro Olimpico, and Giovanni Battista Zelotti , who decorated a number of villas designed by Palladio.  The frescoes at Villa Caldogno Nordera have been compared to Zelotti's work at Villa Foscari.

Conservation status
In 1996, UNESCO included the Villa Caldogno in the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".
The villa is in municipal ownership and is open to the public.

See also

 Palladian villas of the Veneto
 Palladian architecture

External links
  Centro Internazionali di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio sets the architecture of the Villa in context.
  tells a brief history of the Villa and its ownership.
  video footage of the Villa, during a piano recital by renown pianist Ivo Pogorelich in the Villa.

Caldogno
Province of Vicenza
Palladian villas of Veneto
Andrea Palladio buildings

Villa Caldogno


The Khashabiyya Shia (named for their exclusive use of pieces of wood as weapons in their revolt against the Umayyads under the leadership of Al-Mukhtar) are an extinct subsect of the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam. They originated as followers of Al-Mukhtar and hence would have been expected to be categorized under the Kaysanite Shia sect. The Khashabiyya Shia were later known in Khurasan as the Surkhabiyya (named for their leader Surkhab al-Tabari).

Beliefs
The Khashabiyya Shia had the following beliefs:
They believed that Ali was the legatee of Muhammad and not an Imam, but merely the executor (Wasi) of the Imamate that Muhammad had deposited with him until he could pass it on  to his son Hasan.
The Imamate will remain only among the descendants of Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali.
The Imamate may reside in any one of the descendants of Hasan and Husayn who rises in revolt.
The "Imam" can be knowledgeable or ignorant, the most excellent or of lesser qualities, righteous or immoral, just or tyrannical.
The "Imam" must be fully obeyed and never opposed, no matter who he is.
If two people claim the Imamate at the same time or two of them fight one another, no one should take sides in the struggle between them or provide any assistance to one of them against the other, regardless of whether they are both tyrannical, or both just, or mutual opposites.

See also
Islamic schools and branches
List of extinct Shia sects

References

Bibliography
Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought, By Farhad Daftary, pg.172
An Ismaili heresiography: the "Bāb al-shayṭān" from Abū Tammām's Kitāb al ..., By Wilferd Madelung, Paul Ernest Walker, pg.91

Zaidiyyah
Shia Islamic branches
Schisms in Islam

Khashabiyya Shia


Cape Cornwall Mine was a tin mine on Cape Cornwall, a cape at the western tip of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It operated intermittently between 1838 and 1883, after which time it closed permanently and the engine house was demolished. The mine's 1864 chimney near the peak of the cape was retained as an aid to navigation, and in the early 20th century the former ore dressing floors were for a time converted into greenhouses and wineries. In 1987 the site was donated to the nation by the H. J. Heinz Company. The remains of Cape Cornwall Mine now form part of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
Cape Cornwall Mine opened in 1838 during the Cornish mining boom. The mine was sited on Cape Cornwall itself at the western extremity of Great Britain, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) west of the town of St Just. The small and relatively unremarkable mine closed in 1849.

In 1864 the mine was reopened under the ownership of St Just Consolidated Mines, and an engine house with an elaborate chimney was built near the peak of the cape to serve the boiler of the mine's whim (a machine for raising ore to the surface). The engine house and its associated boiler house were built near the foot of the hill and connected to the chimney stack by a long stone flue. With surrounding steep cliffs limiting the space for ore dressing, "spalling braces" (platforms attached to the shaft) were fitted to house spalling (breaking the ore into chunks for sorting) operations. In 1869 St Just Consolidated Mines abandoned the Cape Cornwall Mine, although it continued to operate independently until 1875.

In 1879 the mine was once more reopened, this time under the ownership of St Just United. The chimney draught of the 1864 chimney was causing problems, and in 1880 the chimney was abandoned and replaced with a new chimney stack further downhill. The 1864 chimney stack was considered a valuable navigational aid, and was not demolished.

By this time the Cornish mining industry was in sharp decline, as the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act 1872 and the Factory and Workshop Act 1878 drastically limited the use of the cheap female and child labour on which the industry depended. In 1883 the mine was permanently abandoned, and shortly afterwards the engine house was demolished.

In 1907 De Beers chairman Francis Oats built Porthledden House, a  country house modelled on Groote Schuur, at Cape Cornwall. The ore sorting floors were converted into greenhouses and wineries, while the surrounding cliffs were planted with mesembryanthemum beds.

Public ownership and World Heritage status

In 1987 Cape Cornwall was purchased for the nation by the H. J. Heinz Company, to commemorate a century of the company's operations in the United Kingdom. Other than Porthledden House, which remains in private ownership, the mine site is now owned and maintained by the National Trust. Heinz's donation is commemorated by a Heinz Baked Beanz label-shaped plaque set into the base of the 1864 chimney. The remains of the mine are included within the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a World Heritage Site since 2006.

See also

 Mining in Cornwall and Devon

Notes, references and external links

Notes

References

Bibliography

Joseph, Peter (2006), British Mining No 79 – Cape Cornwall Mine, Northern Mine Research Society.

 (1st edition published 2004 by The Hypatia Trust, Penzance as Balmaidens)

Tin mines in Cornwall
Industrial archaeological sites in Cornwall
Penwith
St Just in Penwith

Cape Cornwall Mine


Pickle soup is a style of soup prepared with various types of pickled vegetables. Dill pickle soup is a variety of pickle soup prepared with pickled cucumber. Some versions use grated dill pickle in their preparation. Some restaurants in the United States offer the dish to their patrons, such as Polish grocery stores and restaurants in Chicago's south side.

Varieties
Rassolnik is a sour soup in Russian cuisine prepared with primary ingredients of stock, dill pickle, veal or lamb kidneys, pearl barley and potato. The key part of rassolnik is the pickle brine called rassol in Russian. Additional ingredients may include beef stock, carrot, leek, salt, pepper, and others. It may be served garnished with sour cream.

Zupa ogórkowa is a traditional Polish dill pickle soup prepared with Polish-style brine-cured pickles. Some versions use standard dill pickles or kosher dill pickles rather than the specific Polish variety. Primary ingredients include broth, pickles and potato. The soup's flavor can vary depending on the type of broth that is used, such as vegetable broth or meat broth. Pork bones may be used to prepare a meat-based broth. Additional ingredients can include celery, carrot, garlic, cream, egg yolk, dill, salt and pepper.

A variety of dill pickle soup is popular on the Prairie Provinces, especially in Alberta.

See also
 List of pickled foods
 List of soups
 List of vegetable soups

References

Vegetable soups
Pickles

Pickle soup


Timothy F. "Tim" Messer-Kruse (born ) is an American historian who specializes in American labor history. His research into the 1886 Haymarket affair led him to reappraise the conventional narrative about the evidence presented against those brought to trial. He has also written on banking history and race relations in the United States.

Life and career
Messer-Kruse attended University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he received his bachelor's degree in History & South Asian Studies in 1988, his master's degree in U.S. History in 1990, and his doctorate in 1994. In 1995 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Labor History at University of Toledo, becoming an Associate Professor in 2000 and Associate Director of the Humanities 2000 Program in 2002. In 2003 he was named Chair of the department. In 2006, he was appointed Professor of History and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at Bowling Green State University.

In the early 2000s Messer-Kruse was prompted to study the original court documents from the Haymarket affair trials. Despite the prevailing belief that little or no evidence was presented at trial, he noted that evidence had been presented over the course of six weeks. He published his findings in books and academic papers including The Haymarket Conspiracy. Messer-Kruse and editors of Wikipedia were subsequently involved in a conflict over the content and editing procedure of the Wikipedia article on the Haymarket affair. In 2012, Messer-Kruse described his experiences in the Chronicle of Higher Education, on the NPR podcast On The Media, in The Atlantic, and on National Public Radio.

Publications
The Yankee International: Marxism and the American Reform Tradition, 1848-1876. University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
Banksters, Bosses and Smart Money. Ohio State University Press, 2005.
Race Relations in the United States, 1980-2000. Greenwood Press, 2008.
The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists: Terrorism and Justice in the Gilded Age. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks. University of Illinois Press, 2012.

References

External links

 Faculty website

Living people
1963 births
 University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Bowling Green State University faculty
American historians

Timothy Messer-Kruse


Middleton Place is a plantation in Dorchester County, along the banks of the Ashley River west of the Ashley and about  northwest of downtown Charleston, in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Built in several phases during the 18th and 19th centuries, the plantation was the primary residence of several generations of the Middleton family, many of whom played prominent roles in the colonial and antebellum history of South Carolina. The plantation, now a National Historic Landmark District, is used as a museum, and is home to the oldest landscaped gardens in the United States.

John Williams, an early South Carolina planter, probably began building Middleton Place in the late 1730s. His son-in-law Henry Middleton (1717–1784), who later served as President of the First Continental Congress, completed the house's main section and its north and south flankers, and began work on the elaborate gardens. Middleton's son, Founding Father  Arthur Middleton (1742–1787), a signer of Declaration of Independence, was born at Middleton Place, and lived at the plantation in the last years of his life. Arthur Middleton's son and grandson, Henry Middleton (17701846) and Williams Middleton (1809–1883), oversaw Middleton Place's transition from a country residence to a more active rice plantation. In 1865, toward the end of the American Civil War, Union soldiers burned most of the house, leaving only the south wing and gutted walls of the north wing and main house. In 1886, the eponymous 1886 Charleston earthquake toppled the walls of the main house and north wing.

The restoration of Middleton Place began in 1916 when Middleton descendant John Julius Pringle Smith (1887–1969) and his wife Heningham began several decades of meticulously rebuilding the plantation's gardens. They had New York architect Bancel LaFarge design a stableyard complex of barn, stable, work buildings, and cottages; the buildings were constructed of brick salvaged from the ruined main house. In the early 1970s, approximately  of the  plantation— including the south flanker, the gardens, and several outbuildings— were placed on the National Register of Historic Places. During the same period the Middleton descendants transferred ownership of the historic district to the non-profit Middleton Place Foundation, which presently maintains the site.

Location
Middleton Place is set on the southwest bank of the Ashley River. At this point, the southward-flowing river bends sharply to the east en route to its mouth at Charleston Harbor about  downstream. A small northeastward-flowing creek, which has been dammed to form the plantation's rice mill pond, empties into the Ashley at this eastward bend, and forms the historic district's southern boundary. Ashley River Road (part of South Carolina Highway 61), which connects Middleton Place to Charleston to the southeast and the Legend Oaks area to the northwest, forms the historic district's western boundary. The plantation's south flanker and residence area sits atop a hill that rises just over  above the river, allowing an unobstructed view of the river for nearly a mile downstream.

History

Colonial and Revolutionary period

Middleton Place was established in the 1730s by early South Carolina planter John Williams. Williams likely began construction on the main block of the house, selecting the site for its strategic view of the Ashley River. After Williams' death, the plantation became part of the dowry of his daughter, Mary Williams. In 1741, Mary Williams married Henry Middleton, whose name was subsequently applied to the plantation. Middleton's father had immigrated from Barbados and had established a plantation in the area which is now part of the cities of Goose Creek - North Charleston. Henry's older brother, William, built the Crowfield plantation in the 1730s, but eventually moved to England, leaving Henry in charge of the family's affairs in South Carolina. Henry continued acquiring land, eventually becoming one of South Carolina's wealthiest planters. At one point, he owned 20 plantations consisting of  and 800 slaves.

Henry likely planned Middleton Place as a country residence more so than an active rice plantation. The original main house, completed around 1741, was three stories tall, built of brick in Jacobean-style. In 1755, Middleton added two two-storey free-standing wings, or "flankers", to the north and south ends of the house. The free-standing north wing contained a library and ballroom, while the south wing was used as a guest house.

Middleton began work on the plantation's gardens in 1741. Determined to outshine his neighbors, who were laying out neat four-squared patterned parterres, Middleton employed an English gardener named Simms, of whom little is known. Basing his designs less upon his own trip to England, Middleton and Simms derived their inspiration from the engraved plans in the translation of the popular garden book by Dezallier d'Argenville, The Theory and Practice of Gardening. Middleton and Simms extended a main axis centered on the main block of the house, expressed as a gravel carriageway leading through a greensward to the first of six shaped turf terraces with bowed centers. At the level of the river a pair of lakes (the "Butterfly Lakes") were excavated on either side of a turf causeway prolonging the axis. With the river beyond, the lakes were flanked by more water, a stream dammed to the right to form the long narrow Rice Mill Pond, and a levee extended to the left to enclose floodable rice fields.

After Mary Middleton's death in 1761, Henry moved to a small house north of Charleston and gave Middleton Place to his son, Arthur. In 1776, at the outbreak of the American Revolution, Arthur signed the Declaration of Independence. Four years later, at the height of the war, the British landed several thousand troops at Charleston with plans to invade the southern colonies. In the ensuing Siege of Charleston, British troops ransacked Middleton Place, beheading many of the statues and looting the plantation's artwork and furniture. Arthur Middleton was captured and imprisoned until 1781. In 1783, the surrender terms eliminating British troops from the Southern colonies was signed at Middleton.

Antebellum period

Newly discovered records show that Middleton Place imported water buffalo from Constantinople in the late 18th century, the first in the United States. They were experimental draft animals, suited to the deep muck in which rice was grown. In the gardens, Arthur's son Henry Middleton's friendship with French botanist André Michaux resulted in the first camellias grown in an American garden, a house gift during Michaux's visit in 1786. Three of the four planted at the corners of the main parterre survive, grown to fifteen feet: One is Camellia japonica "reine des fleurs"; the other is an ancestor of the modern cultivar Charles Sprague Sargent. The second Henry Middleton expanded and enriched the gardens, introducing the garden's first Asiatic azalea (Rhododendron indica), and the crape myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica), one of the oldest in America. He also filled greenhouses with exotics and imported plants and seeds to give antebellum Middleton Place something of the air of a botanical garden.

Upon Henry Middleton's death in 1846, Middleton Place passed to his son, Williams Middleton.
In 1860, Williams Middleton signed the South Carolina Ordinance of Secession, in which the state declared it was no longer part of the United States. South Carolina's actions led to the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, sparking the U.S. Civil War. In February 1865, near the end of the war, Union troops captured Middleton Place and burned the main house and north flanker, and part of the south flanker. The soldiers also killed and ate five of the water buffalo and stole six. These six later showed up in Central Park Zoo.

In 1868, Williams Middleton restored the roof to the south flanker at Middleton Place, and converted it to the main residence. He lacked the money for major restorations, however, and managed to obtain only limited success as a large-scale planter. After his death in 1883, Middleton Place passed to wife, Susan. Three years later, the Charleston earthquake toppled the walls of the main house and north flanker and further damaged the gardens. The gardens lay neglected for several decades afterwards.

Restoration

Williams Middleton's daughter, Elizabeth, inherited Middleton Place in 1900, and made minor restorations. Upon her death in 1915, she left the plantation to her cousin, John Julius Pringle Smith (Smith was a great-great-great-grandson of Henry Middleton). Smith and his wife, Heningham, used Middleton Place as their winter residence. Determined to restore the gardens to their original splendor, the Smiths labored for several years, replanting and reworking the gardens. They opened the plantation's gardens to the public in the late 1920s. In 1941, the Garden Club of America called the Middleton Place gardens "the most interesting and important garden in the United States".

In the 1930s, the Smiths began restoring the house and outbuildings at Middleton Place to their late 18th-century appearance. In 1971, the plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark District. Shortly thereafter the Middleton Place Foundation was established, with Smith's grandson Charles Duell acting as its first president. In recent years, the Middleton Place Foundation has carried out extensive research to document the thousands of African-American slaves once owned by the Middleton family.

Middleton Place today

Layout

The original access to Middleton Place was a roadway that ran due east from Ashley River Road for approximately  before terminating in a large loop. The main residence (now consisting of only the south flanker) lay at the east end of the loop, the stables (now part of a demonstration area) were at the south end of the loop, and the family burial grounds and main garden area were at the north end. The terraced gardens and butterfly ponds lay east of the main residence. The original roadway, the main gate of the original residence, and the levee separating the two Butterfly Lakes were all situated on a continuous east-west axis.

The northwest section of Middleton consists of a densely forested woodland which gives way to a marsh at the riverbank. This natural area is separated from the north gardens by an  by  rectangular pool (known as the Reflection Pool) on the west side of the gardens and a smaller less-defined pool (known as the Azalea Pool) on the north side. The north gardens are laid out in grid-like fashion with each surrounded by hedges and separated by walkways. On the east side of the gardens is a "spoked wheel" formation roughly  in diameter. Perhaps the most notable feature of the gardens is the "Middleton Oak", or "Great Oak", a massive live oak tree with a trunk more than  in diameter.

The east gardens stretch eastward from the main residence for approximately  before descending in a series of terraces to the floodplain of the Ashley River. Two congruent ponds at the eastern base of the terraces resemble butterfly wings, and are thus known as the "Butterfly Lakes". Levees separate the ponds from the river to the north and from the mill pond to the south. A smaller  by  garden (subdivided into four still smaller gardens) lies between the north and east gardens.

The vast majority of Middleton's 6,000 acres is forest. In 2013, half of the property was dedicated to a carbon offset program, ensuring it will not be developed.

Middleton Place House (south flanker)

The Middleton Place House, formerly the south wing or south flanker, was built in 1755 by Henry Middleton (one stone of the house contains Middleton's initials and the year "1755"). The roof was added in 1868, after the original roof was destroyed when Union soldiers burned the property. The house is a two-story,  by  structure with a gabled roof and stepped and curvilinear gable ends. An  by  service wing was added to the south side of the house in the 1930s (the wing was built in the same 18th-century style as the house). The first floor of the house originally contained a parlor, living room, and dining room, while the second floor contained three bedrooms. The interior has been outfitted with original furniture.

Notable outbuildings
The Middle Place rice mill— located immediately east of the Butterfly Lakes, where a natural east-flowing stream empties into the Ashley River. Williams Middleton built the mill in 1851 as he began more intensive planting at Middleton Place. The mill has undergone several alterations in modern times.
The Middleton Place springhouse, located behind the south flanker, was built in the 18th century (springhouses were used for refrigeration). In 1850, the second story of the springhouse was converted into a chapel.
Eliza's House is a freedman's residence built around 1870. The house is named after its last occupant, Eliza Leach (1891–1986).
The Stableyard is a demonstration area that includes a barnyard and stable, both built in the 1930s.

See also
Drayton Hall
Edmondston-Alston House
Magnolia Plantation and Gardens
McLeod Plantation
List of botanical gardens in the United States
List of National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dorchester County, South Carolina
 Ashley's Sack

References

External links

Anti-black racism in the United States
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
Middleton family
Buildings and structures in Dorchester County, South Carolina
Historic house museums in South Carolina
Plantations in South Carolina
Museums in Dorchester County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Dorchester County, South Carolina
Burned houses in the United States
Homes of United States Founding Fathers
Houses completed in 1741

Middleton Place


Universal Parks & Resorts is the theme park division of NBCUniversal (a subsidiary of Comcast). The division is responsible for the operation and maintenance of Universal theme parks and resort properties around the world. It is best known for attractions that are based on famous pop culture properties (movies, television, literature, cartoons, comics, video games, music, etc.) from Universal Studios and NBC, as well as from other companies.

Theme parks and resorts

Current
Universal Studios Hollywood (Los Angeles, United States; wholly owned)
Universal CityWalk
Universal Orlando Resort (Orlando, Florida, United States; wholly owned)
Universal Studios Florida
Islands of Adventure
Universal CityWalk
Wet 'n Wild

Universal Studios Japan (Osaka, Japan licensed to USJ Co., Ltd.)
Universal CityWalk

Universal Studios Singapore (Resorts World Sentosa, Singapore; run by Genting Group)

Former
Universal PortAventura, Salou, Spain (1997–2004)
Costa Caribe Aquatic Park, Salou, Spain (2002–2004)

Future
These projects have been announced or are currently under construction. This information may change as the projects move forward.
Universal Studios America, Darien, New York (Opens 2024)
Universal Studios Idaho, Boise, Idaho, United States (Opens 2023)
Universal Studios South Korea, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (Put on-hold)
Universal Studios Dubailand, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Put on-hold) (Broke ground on 2008/No construction since 2009)
Universal Studios Moscow, Moscow, Russia (Put-on-hold, due to economic sanctions against Russia by the U.S.)
Universal Studios Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Opens 2019)
Universal Studios Michigan, Traverse City, Michigan, United States (Opens 2016)
Universal Studios St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States (Opens 2020)
Universal Studios Texas, Dallas Texas, United States (Opens 2021)
Universal Studios Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Opens 2019)
Universal Studios New England, Boston, Massachusetts, United States (Opens 2018)
Universal Studios New Jersey, Marlboro Township, New Jersey, United States (Opens 2019)
Universal Studios Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States (Opens 2019)
Volcano Bay, Orlando, Florida, United States (Opens 2017)

References

Theme park companies

Universal Parks & Resorts


The John Linsey (Lindsay) Rand House is a historic home located at Friendship in Brown Township, Ripley County, Indiana, United States. It is owned by the National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association for use as their national headquarters and offices.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Style

It was built between 1875 and 1878, and is a two-story, "L"-plan, Italianate style brick dwelling. It consists of a roughly square hip roofed main block with a one-story rear kitchen wing. The Italianate style was popularized in the United States by Alexander Jackson Davis in the 1840s as an alternative to Gothic or Greek Revival styles.

Builder and later owners

The original property was owned by Thomas Wilson (1784–1874) and was part of an estate with several hundred acres. After his death, his land was divided amongst 3 heirs, including his daughter Elizabeth Ellen (Wilson) and her husband John L Rand.

John L Rand began construction of the house in 1875. The family, which included 1 boy and 2 girls, moved into the house in 1878. Within the next few years, the property was improved by the addition of a well house (far right in old photo), 3-story barn (just right of the house), granary (just right of the barn) and chicken house (far left).

The oil portrait to the left was commissioned in about 1880 from the original black-and-white photo and illustrates the original color scheme of the home and out buildings.

On March 28, 1903, John L Rand sold all of his Ripley County, Indiana property to John Paul and his son James, and moved to a farm in Marion County, Indiana. Ironically, his next home also carries his name and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Nicholson-Rand House.

See also

Statue of Hope - Wilson Memorial, Friendship, Indiana

References

External links
Isola Elizabeth (Rand) Keith, The Rand Home, Muzzle Blast Magazine, The National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association, Vol, XXVIII, Number 1, September 1966, pps 7 & 8

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Houses in Ripley County, Indiana
Italianate architecture in Indiana
Houses completed in 1878
Muzzleloading
National Register of Historic Places in Ripley County, Indiana

John Linsey Rand House


The University of Oriente (UDO), founded in 1958, is one of the most important national (Federal) universities in Venezuela and the main autonomous university institution dedicated to teaching, research and development in Eastern Venezuela, which has an approximate area of 365,878 km², 40% of the entire surface of Venezuela. With the commitment to train university professionals for the industries where the world's largest accumulation of heavy and extra-heavy oil, gas, coltan, uranium, coal, gold, diamonds, bauxite and underlying rare earths are found in the Guiana Shield or, the oldest geological formation on earth. With one of the largest hydroelectric generation systems in the world. To the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the south with the Amazon Rainforest (greatest biodiversity in the world) and the Guiana Shield (also among the regions with the greatest biodiversity in the world).

Sustainable tourism, studies of tropical diseases. Energy, minerals, all these diversities of resources and their industries in Eastern Venezuela constitute the lines of academic research, development and innovation promoted by the University of Oriente through its Research and Development Centers (R&D) in its 5 campuses or cores. of each State or federal entity in Eastern Venezuela and, who also interact with academic researchers on the 5 continents. Lysmata udoi was discovered in joint work between researchers from the Carcinology Research Group, School of Applied Marine Sciences, Núcleo Nueva Esparta, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama), Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (USA), Department of Biology Marina, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile).

The main headquarters of the UDO and the office of the Rector (Director) is located in the city of Cumaná and was created as a national (federal), public and autonomous study house, from which thousands of professionals in various careers have graduated. many of them occupying positions of national and international relevance, it is also the university that is among the first university positions in the entire country.

History
The Universidad de Oriente was founded on 21 November 1958 by Decree Law No. 459 published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Venezuela No. 25,831 by the Governing Board chaired by Dr. Edgar Sanabria, as Minister of Education on Dr. Rafael Pizani, under the leadership of its founder Rector Dr. Luis Manuel Peñalver. It became operational on 12 February 1959, which marked the birth of the University of the East and a year later, 113 students and a dozen teachers, in an old mansion of Cumana Caiguire sector, leading the way of fruitful academic activity in this house college.

On 29 March 1960, the republic's president, Rómulo Betancourt, officially opening the Universidad de Oriente, an act on the former site of the School "Pedro Arnal" in the capital sucrense. In his notes: "This university will allow the training of professionals in the various branches of human knowledge, to study here and here to stay ... those students at the University of East must come from all social classes, because in this country must make certain that the formula in the only democracy that exists is the aristocracy of persistent efforts, hard working and creative "

Following the lack of infrastructure and lack of trained personnel in the region to impart knowledge is entered into an agreement with the University of Kansas City and some other universities in South America and Japan to educate the teachers. The need for construction of the campus led to the state of Sucre State Council to offer a plot of 300 hectares in Cerro Colorado to the development of the Rectory and School of Basic Courses. In October 1961, Nucleus is installed in Monagas with the School of Agricultural Engineering and Petroleum, at the Center for Bolivar began in January 1962 with the School of Medicine and School of Geology and Mines, in the Nucleus of Anzoátegui (initially Instituto Tecnologico named Barcelona) began on 9 January 1963 with the School of Chemical Engineering at the Core of Nueva Esparta basic courses were initiated on January 21, 1969, all these lands were donated large transnational companies and rulers states.

The Oceanographic Institute of Venezuela was created as a branch of the University of East by means of the Executive Order 459 of President Edgar Sanabria signed on November 21, 1958. The institute began its work in 1959 at the Marine Biology Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture in Caigüire, Sucre, and moved to its definitive headquarters at the University main campus in the city of Cumaná, in 1963. The oceanographic vessel Guaiquerí II was the IOV research platform. Equipped with all the necessary adaptations of a maritime laboratory, it was the means of transportation for the researchers and technical personnel to take samples of the marine flora and fauna on the Venezuelan coasts

It is one of the oldest and most important centers for oceanographic and marine science research and teaching in the Caribbean and Latin America regions.

In planning the University of East is defined as a higher education system serving the region with common goals to other universities in Venezuela and the world. However, it is unique, experimental and independent, innovative in creating professional unit of Basic Courses, departmentalization, the semi-annual periods, the system of credit units, intensive courses, etc.., To develop scientific research, teaching and extension in all aspects of knowledge, which provides educational programs for undergraduate and graduate. It is almost an antithesis of the traditional university campus which is located in the nuclei university located in Anzoátegui, Bolívar, Monagas, Nueva Esparta and Sucre, thus assuming responsibility for education from their home university and a key driver for overall development throughout the island region east and south, depending on conditions and possible development trends in each of the Eastern States where they operate.

In its conception, the Universidad de Oriente is defined as a higher education system at the service of the region with objectives common to other Venezuelan and world universities. However, it is unique in its kind, experimental and autonomous, innovative in the creation of the professional unit of Basic Courses, the departmentalization, the semester periods, the system of credit units, the intensive courses; developing scientific research, teaching and extension in all aspects of knowledge, which are included in its undergraduate and graduate educational programs. It is almost an antithesis of the traditional university whose campus is based in the campuses or university centers located in the states of Anzoátegui, Bolívar, Monagas, Nueva Esparta and Sucre; thus assuming responsibility for university education and from its beginning a fundamental driver of comprehensive development in the entire island, northeastern and southern region of the country, depending on the conditions, possibilities and development trends of each of the eastern states where it operates.

The Oceanographic Institute of Venezuela (IOV), founded in 1963, has received international recognition that guarantees its level, for being a world reference in the study of marine sciences. The oceanographic vessel Guaiquerí II was the IOV research platform. Equipped with all the necessary adaptations of a maritime laboratory, it was the means of transportation for the researchers and technical personnel to take samples of the marine flora and fauna on the Venezuelan coasts.

At the Universidad de Oriente you can take courses or carry out academic research and development in the areas of: Aquaculture, Administration, Agronomy, Architecture, Bioanalysis, Biology, Marine Biology, Fisheries Biology, Spanish and Literature, Civil Engineering, Computing, Accounting, Education, Electricity, Nursing, Statistics, Physics, Management, Geology, Hospitality, IT, English, Mathematics, Maintenance, Mechanics, Medicine, Mines, Animal Production, Petroleum, Chemistry, Human Resources, Computer Systems, Industrial Systems, Sociology, STEM, Food Technology, Electronic Technology, Mechanical Manufacturing Technology, Social Work, Tourism.

Some UDO facilities have been hit hard by the government's policy against Venezuelan universities for more than 10 years. The main strength of the Universidad de Oriente is its global network of professors, researchers and graduates working in strategic positions in various sectors.

Crisis at the Universidad de Oriente
Universidad de Oriente (UDO), an educational institution in Venezuela, has experienced challenges over the past decade, akin to other public institutions in the country. These challenges have raised questions about the institution's autonomy and sustainability. In the recent decade, UDO's autonomy has faced pressures, and its operational capacity has been restricted. Notably, there have been budgetary limitations, with the received funding often not meeting the university's operational requirements. As a result, there have been issues with staff remuneration, facility maintenance, and overall institutional health. Some sections of its infrastructure have also reported damage.

During this period, UDO recorded a decline in faculty and student numbers. In 2022, a portion of faculty members transitioned out of the institution, a trend observed across many institutions in Venezuela. Concurrently, there was a decrease in student enrollment, suggesting concerns about the institution's prospective trajectory. This reduction has also been reflected in the university's research contributions, which had previously held significance in the eastern region of Venezuela.

In response to these challenges, the UDO community has proposed various strategies, including exploring alternative funding mechanisms, expanding academic programs on an international scale, and fostering collaborations with other national and international institutions. It is noted that preserving UDO's university autonomy is a critical factor for the success of these strategies.

Related links

Oceanographic Institute of Venezuela

References

External links
University of Oriente Website

Universities in Venezuela
Universities and colleges established in 1959
1959 establishments in Venezuela
Buildings and structures in Sucre (state)
Buildings and structures in Anzoátegui
Buildings and structures in Monagas
Buildings and structures in Bolívar (state)
Buildings and structures in Nueva Esparta

Universidad de Oriente


Creo Elements/View, formerly known as ProductView, is a suite of digital mockup and product visualization software applications from PTC.

History
ProductView, now Creo Elements/View, was originally developed by Object Logic, a small company in San Diego.   In September 1998, Division Group, another  vendor of visualization tools based in Bristol UK,  announced the planned acquisition of ObjectLogic.  However, before this acquisition could be completed, PTC acquired Division Group in January 1999 for approximately $48 million in stock and cash.  PTC then completed the acquisition of Object Logic in March, 1999.

PTC then marketed products from both companies using the names ProductView and DIVISION.

In 2008, PTC changed its definition of ProductView to define the suite of products acquired from Object Logic and Division Group as well as products acquired in the purchase of OHIO Design Automation.

As of 2008, the latest release is version 9.1.

On October 28, 2010, PTC announced that ProductView is now Creo Elements/View. The name change applies to release 9.1.

ProductView components

Mechanical CAD (MCAD) Visualization
Creo Elements/View MCAD Professional (formally called ProductView Standard) – This is PTC's primary product visualization tool

Creo Elements/View Lite – A subset of ProductView MCAD professional capabilities that is included with Windchill

ProductView Composer 9.0 – Creates interactive assembly and dis-assembly sequences

Creo Elements/View PDF Collaboration – Manages document collaboration including annotation, viewing and watermarking.

ProductView Realizer 9.0 – Creates interactive animations of mechanisms

Creo Elements/View Toolkits – Used to create custom applications based on the ProductView technology

Creo Elements/View Express – Free, downloadable tool for simple viewing of Creo Elements/Pro (formerly Pro/ENGINEER) parts, assemblies and drawings

DIVISION MockUp – PTC's primary digital mockup tool

DIVISION Reality – This tool builds upon DIVISION Mockup to create a higher-end virtual
environment that is used to analyze product models

Electrical CAD (ECAD) Visualization

Creo Elements/View ECAD Compare (formerly called InterComm EDAcompare) – Compare two versions of printed circuit board (PCB) designs

Creo Elements/View Validate (formerly called validation manager, a part of InterComm EDAcompare)– Steps through changes made between ECAD designs or across ECAD and MCAD design

InterComm EDAconduit – Automates electronic markup exchange between ECAD authors and non-authors

InterComm Expert– Verifies electronic design intent with multiple departments

See also
 Parametric Technology Corporation
 Creo
 Creo Elements/Pro
 Pro/DESKTOP

References

External links
 PTC

3D graphics software
Product lifecycle management
1997 software

PTC Creo Elements/View


Gary L. Davidson (born August 13, 1934) is an American lawyer and businessman who is based in Orange County, California.

Davidson co-founded and served as the first president of the World Hockey Association and co-founded, with former Buena Park Mayor Dennis Murphy, the American Basketball Association. He also founded the World Football League where he was the league's first president and commissioner. He was a star basketball player at Garden Grove, Calif., High School and attended the University of Redlands, Calif.

Honours
In 1973 and 1974, the Gary L. Davidson Award was presented to the most valuable player of the World Hockey Association.

In 2010, Davidson was part of the initial group of individuals elected to the World Hockey Association Hall of Fame.

References

Further reading

1934 births
Living people
American sports businesspeople
Lawyers from Orange County, California
World Football League executives
World Hockey Association

Gary Davidson


Charles Edward Pearce (May 29, 1842 – January 30, 1902) was a United States Congressman from Missouri.  He was born in Whitesboro, Oneida County, New York. He attended Fairfield Seminary and graduated from Union College in Schenectady, New York in 1863, where he been a member of The Kappa Alpha Society. He enlisted in the Union Army and was commissioned captain of Battery D, Sixteenth Regiment, New York Heavy Artillery in 1863.  He was promoted to the rank of major in June 1864.  On the occupation of Wilmington he was detailed as provost marshal general of the eastern district of North Carolina. He resigned from the Army in the fall of 1865; settled in St. Louis, Missouri in 1866.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1867 and commenced practice in St. Louis. He was also interested in the manufacture of bagging, rope, and twine.  He organized and commanded the First Regiment of the Missouri National Guard in 1877.  He was delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888 and appointed chairman of the commission to treat with the Sioux Indians of the Northwest in 1891. He was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901).  He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1900. He died in St. Louis, Missouri; interment in Fort Hill Cemetery, Auburn, New York.

External links

1842 births
1902 deaths
Union College (New York) alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri
People from Whitesboro, New York
19th-century American politicians

Charles Edward Pearce


Casper: A Spirited Beginning is a 1997 direct-to-video ghost comedy movie that is a prequel to 1995's Casper. The only actors to return from the original movie were Ben Stein and Rodney Dangerfield.

Cast
 Steve Guttenberg as Tim Carson
 Lori Loughlin as Sheila Fistergraff
 Rodney Dangerfield as Mayor Johnny Hunt
 Michael McKean as Bill Case
 Brendon Ryan Barrett as Chris Carson
 Richard Moll as Principal Rabie
 Shannon Chandler as Jennifer
 Steven Hartman as Brock Lee
 Logan Robbins as Danny
 D'Juan Watts as Leon
 Sherman Hemsley as Store Owner
 Ben Stein as Grocer
 Brian Doyle-Murray as Foreman Dave
 Edie McClurg as Librarian
 Rodger Halston as Stan
 Casper Van Dien as Bystander
 Michael James McDonald as Sarcastic Protester

Voice cast
 Jeremy Foley as Casper
 Jim Ward as Stretch
 Bill Farmer as Stinkie
 Jess Harnell as Fatso
 James Earl Jones as Kibosh
 Pauly Shore as Snivel

Reception
The movie wasn't well-liked.

1997 comedy movies
1990s ghost movies
American comedy movies
American ghost movies
Prequel movies
20th Century Fox movies

Casper: A Spirited Beginning


Sarcasm is a figure of speech or speech comment which is extremely difficult to define. It is often a statement or comment which means the opposite of what it says. It may be made with the intent of humour, or it may be made to be hurtful.

The basic meaning is to be hostile under the cover of friendliness. The word's origin is Greek, sarcasmus, see sarchasaristic (Hobson 2018). However, it usually comes with a cue which helps the receiver to understand it. For example, a mother saying "Oh, that's clever!" when a child makes a mistake always signals her love with her tone of voice. Quite different when a hostile person says "Oh, here comes Mr Clever-clogs!". So a person learns how to decode the message.

Much more difficult it is when someone uses a neutral tone of voice, as in "deadpan" or "dry humor". Psychologists think such cases are basically hostile.

A point to remember is that it does not travel well in writing or translation.

Related pages
Irony

References

Human communication
Figures of speech

Sarcasm


Mount Triumph is a summit in the North Cascades range of Washington state. Located approximately  west-northwest of the town of Newhalem, it was named by Lage Wernstedt, a surveyor with the U.S. Forest Service.  A significant peak in North Cascades National Park, Mount Triumph is one of its "outstanding sights" and is well known among regional climbers for its lack of easy climbing routes to the summit. Despite its moderate elevation, its local relief is dramatic. With the terrain deeply dissected by the valleys of Bacon Creek on the west and Goodell Creek on the east, it rises  in less than  on the latter side.

The mountain is extremely rugged and one author describes it as "a rock thumb with near-vertical to overhanging faces on three sides." From above, it has the appearance of a three-bladed propeller consisting of the northeast, northwest, and south ridges. Mount Despair () is located  to the north-northwest. The two peaks are connected by Triumph Pass ().

Geology

The mountain lies completely within the drainage of the Skagit River, Bacon Creek and Goodell Creek being tributaries of the Skagit. Two small glaciers are found below the east face and north faces, both of which are receding. The south ridge of Mount Triumph ends at a minor peak that has been called Thornton Peak (). On its south flank is a deep cirque that hold the Thornton Lakes, a chain of three lakes at  to , the source of south-flowing Thornton Creek, another tributary of the Skagit River.

Mount Triumph is composed of old orthogneiss. Neighboring Mount Despair is an exposure of light grey granodiorite, part of the great pluton of the Chilliwack batholith, which is visible west of the Thornton Lakes. East of the lakes are dark amphibolite, orthogneiss and mica quartz schist.

Climbing
The easiest route to the summit is on the west. It is rated  and can be dangerous when wet. The approach is by means of the Triumph Pass climber's route. The northeast ridge is more difficult at class 5.5, but is a notable climb on generally good rock. It is approached by means of the Thornton Lakes Trail. A scrambling route from Thornton Lakes Trail leads to the summit of Trappers Peak () which provides good views of Mount Triumph.

Climate

Mount Triumph is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Nearby mountains

 Mount Blum
 Mount Despair
 Mount Shuksan
 Mount Terror

References

External links

Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades of Washington (state)
Mountains of Whatcom County, Washington
North Cascades National Park

Mount Triumph


Nelumbo nucifera, also known as the Egyptian bean, sacred lotus, Indian lotus, or simply lotus, is a species of plant in the genus Nelumbo sometimes colloquially called a water lily. They float on the surface of the water.

Classification
The lotus is often confused with the true water lilies of the genus Nymphaea.

Botany

Flowers
The flowers are usually found on thick stems rising several centimeters above the leaves. Some cultivated varieties have extraordinary numbers of petals.

Seeds
A fertilized lotus flower bears fruit that contains a cluster of 10 to 30 seeds. Each seed is ovoid 1–2.5 cm wide by 1–1.5 cm long with a brownish coat.

Cultivation

Planting

These plants require a nutrient-rich and loamy soil. The first step is to plough the dry field. One round of manure is applied after ten days, just before flooding the field.

Harvest
Two to three months after planting, the stolon is now ready to harvest.  It must be harvested before flowering.

Related pages

 Nelumbo

References

 "Sacred Lotus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 May 2023.
 "5 lotus flower benefits and uses for skin & Hair to look upon".

Other websites

 Nelumbo nucifera on English Wikipedia

Proteales
Aquatic plants
Medicinal plants

Nelumbo nucifera