James Newton Howard (born June 9, 1951) is an American film composer, music producer and keyboardist. He has scored over 100 films and is the recipient of a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, and nine nominations for Academy Awards. His film scores include Pretty Woman (1990), The Fugitive (1993), Space Jam (1996), Dinosaur (2000), Peter Pan (2003), King Kong (2005), The Dark Knight (2008) which he composed with Hans Zimmer, The Hunger Games (2012), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), and Jungle Cruise (2021). He has collaborated extensively with directors M. Night Shyamalan and Francis Lawrence, having scored eight of Shyamalan's films since The Sixth Sense (1999) and all of Lawrence's films since I Am Legend (2007). He even worked on other frequent scores with for other directors Edward Zwick, Michael Hoffman, P.J. Hogan, Andrew Davis, Lawrence Kasdan, Joe Johnston, Taylor Hackford, Ivan Reitman, and Joel Schumacher.

Early life and career
Howard was born in Los Angeles. He is from a musical family; his grandmother was a violinist. His father was Jewish but he did not want his children to know he was, so he changed his last name from Horowitz to Howard.

Howard began studying music as a child, taking classical piano lessons at the age of four. He went on to attend the Thacher School in Ojai, California and the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, California with Reginald Stewart and Leon Fleischer. He then attended the University of Southern California, studying at the School of Music as a piano performance major, but dropped out after 6 weeks because "He wanted to do other things than practicing the piano."

After Howard left college, he joined a short-lived rock band called Mama Lion.  The band was led by Neil Merryweather (bass, backing vocals) and featured lead singer Lynn Carey, Coffi Hall on drums, and Rick Gaxiola on guitar.  Mama Lion recorded two full-length albums.  Members of Mama Lion also formed the band Heavy Cruiser with Merryweather now on lead vocals, recording two albums whose genre was closer to hard rock but also displayed psychedelic and progressive influences. He then worked for a couple of years as a session musician with artists including Diana Ross, Ringo Starr, and Harry Nilsson. In the early 70s, he described himself as being "dirt poor", until his big break in 1975 when his manager got him an audition with Elton John. He joined John's band and toured with them as keyboardist during the late 70s and early 80s. He was part of the band that played Central Park, New York, on September 13, 1980. Howard also arranged strings for several of John's songs during this period including the hits "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" and "Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word", and played additional keyboards and synthesizers on studio albums including Rock of the Westies (1975), Blue Moves (1976), 21 at 33 (1980), and The Fox (1981).

In 1982, Howard was featured on Toto IV as the strings conductor and orchestrator for "I Won't Hold You Back", "Afraid of Love", and "Lovers in the Night". In 1984  the Sheffield Lab direct-to-disc album James Newton Howard and Friends, was released, which featured Toto's David Paich (keyboards), Steve Porcaro (keyboards), Jeff Porcaro (drums), and Joe Porcaro (percussion).

In 1983, Howard was co-producer, musician (keyboards), and orchestrator of Riccardo Cocciante's album Sincerità. He also created five arrangements for the album "Aznavour '83" by Charles Aznavour, which was recorded in California.

In 1984, Howard composed his first piece of score for a film, receiving a co-writing credit with David Paich for the cue "Trip to Arrakis" in Toto's music for the David Lynch film Dune.

After briefly touring with Crosby, Stills, and Nash, he took an opportunity brought to him by his manager to write a score for a film. This career move would lead to his becoming a successful film music composer. During this early foray into film music, Howard returned for a brief collaboration with Elton John on his Tour De Force of Australia in the fall of 1986. He conducted both his own and Paul Buckmaster's arrangements during the second half of the set, which focused on orchestrated performances of selected songs from the Elton John catalog.

1990s–2000s
Howard scored the surprise blockbuster romantic comedy Pretty Woman (1990) and received his first Academy Award nomination for his score for Barbra Streisand's drama The Prince of Tides (1991). Setting the musical mood for numerous films throughout the decade, Howard's skills encompassed a plethora of genres, including four more best original score Oscar nominations, for the Harrison Ford action feature The Fugitive (1993), the Julia Roberts romantic comedy My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), M. Night Shyamalan's The Village (2004), and Michael Clayton (2007). In addition, Howard scored the Western epic Wyatt Earp (1994), Kevin Costner's Waterworld (1995), and Primal Fear (1996).  His collaborations on songs for One Fine Day (1996) and Junior (1994) garnered Oscar nominations for Best Song. Along with scoring small-scaled, independent films such as Five Corners (1988), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), and American Heart (1993), Howard proved equally skilled at composing for big-budget Hollywood spectacles, including Space Jam (1996), Dante's Peak (1997) (theme only – score was composed by John Frizzell), and Collateral (2004). He has also scored four Disney animated feature films: Dinosaur (2000), Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001), Treasure Planet (2002), and Raya and the Last Dragon (2021). Although he concentrates primarily on films, Howard has also contributed music for TV, earning an Emmy nomination in 1995 for his theme to NBC's ratings smash ER (Howard also scored the two-hour pilot); he also provided the themes for The Sentinel and Gideon's Crossing, winning an Emmy for the latter.

He has scored many of Shyamalan's suspense thrillers, The Sixth Sense (1999), Unbreakable (2000), Signs (2002), The Village (2004), Lady in the Water (2006), The Happening (2008), and The Last Airbender (2010), notably dropping the intense, yet subtle, opening credit music for The Sixth Sense from the corresponding soundtrack album.

On October 14, 2005, Howard replaced Howard Shore as composer for King Kong, due to "differing creative aspirations for the score" between Shore and director Peter Jackson. The resultant score earned Howard his first Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Score. His work on Michael Clayton earned him an Oscar nomination. He followed in 2008 with his eighth Oscar nomination for Edward Zwick's Defiance. He also collaborated with Hans Zimmer on the scores for Batman Begins and its record-breaking sequel The Dark Knight.

Further works were The Happening, his sixth film with M. Night Shyamalan, Blood Diamond, Michael Clayton, The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep, I Am Legend, Charlie Wilson's War, and Shyamalan's film adaptation of the Nickelodeon series Avatar: the Last Airbender.

Howard debuted his work for symphony orchestra, I Would Plant A Tree, in February 2009 as part of the Pacific Symphony's annual American Composers Festival. The debut took place at the Renee and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall in Costa Mesa, California, with the Symphony under the direction of Carl St.Clair.

After being replaced in later seasons, his original theme song for the hit TV show ER returned for the final episode of the series.

2010s
In September 2010, he was appointed visiting professor of media composition at the Royal Academy of Music in London.

From 2012 to 2015, James Newton Howard scored the music for the critically acclaimed Hunger Games franchise.

From 2014 to 2015, Howard saw major success with The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 when he composed the score for the movie, which included "The Hanging Tree", featuring vocals from actress Jennifer Lawrence. The song peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the highest-charting single from The Hunger Games movies and both Howard's and Lawrence's first chart single.

In 2014, Howard scored two Academy Award-nominated films, Nightcrawler and Maleficent.

Howard composed the score for the fantasy drama Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, a spin-off/prequel of the Harry Potter film series, and for its sequels, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald and Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore.

In 2015, James Newton Howard was named the new artistic director of the Henry Mancini Institute (HMI) at the Frost School of Music at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida.

On March 23–24, 2019, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra gave the world premiere of Howard's Concerto for Cello & Orchestra with LACO principal cello Andrew Shulman as the soloist. The Los Angeles Times described the work as having "an elegiac tone, along with thematic material from the beginning and closing titles of Red Sparrow" the score of which Howard was working on while first composing the concerto.

Personal life
When delving into his family history, twenty-five years after the death of his father, Howard learned that his father was Jewish  (the family's original surname was Horowitz). Although raised Protestant, Howard later became a practicing Reconstructionist Jew after learning that his father was Jewish.

James Newton Howard was married to Rosanna Arquette in 1986, they divorced one year later. From 1989 to 1991, he was in a relationship with Barbra Streisand. In 1992, he married Sophie Howard and they have two children: Jackson and Hayden.

Awards
In May 2008, he was made an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music.

In 2009, he was awarded a Grammy alongside Hans Zimmer for the score soundtrack album to The Dark Knight.

In October 2015, he was honored with the Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award during the annual Hollywood in Vienna concert.

Discography

Albums

Works as composer

Film

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Television

Other work

2010 Legendary Pictures ID Logo theme
2011 FilmDistrict ID Logo theme

See also
 List of film director and composer collaborations

References

External links

 Full discography James Newton Howard at FilmMusicSite.com

1951 births
20th-century American composers
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American keyboardists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American composers
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American pianists
American film score composers
American male conductors (music)
American male film score composers
American male pianists
American rock keyboardists
American rock pianists
American session musicians
American television composers
Animated film score composers
Classical musicians from California
Converts to Judaism from Protestantism
Converts to Reconstructionist Judaism
Elton John Band members
Grammy Award winners
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
Intrada Records artists
Jewish American classical musicians
Jewish American film score composers
Jewish American songwriters
Jewish American television composers
Living people
Music Academy of the West alumni
Musicians from Los Angeles
People from Ventura County, California
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Private Music artists
Songwriters from California
The Thacher School alumni
USC Thornton School of Music alumni
Varèse Sarabande Records artists
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
The David Lee Roth Band members

James Newton Howard


Cape Borda is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on Kangaroo Island about  south-west of the state capital of Adelaide.

Its boundaries were created in 2002 in respect to "the long established name" which is reported to be derived from the navigation aid within its boundaries - the Cape Borda Lightstation.

The major land uses within the locality includes conservation and primary production with the former land use including the following protected areas - the Flinders Chase National Park, the Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and  the Cape Torrens Wilderness Protection Area.  Part of the southern boundary of Cape Borda is formed by the Playford Highway.

The locality includes the three following state heritage places - Harveys Return Cemetery, the Cape Borda Lighthouse and  the Harveys Return Landing Site.

Cape Borda is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.

References

Towns on Kangaroo Island

Cape Borda, South Australia


Baaja (Mouth Organ; ) is a 2002 Indian Hindi film directed by Apurba Kishore Bir.

Synopsis
A free and compassionate human spirit is trapped in Shibu, an eleven-year-old boy. In order to guide Shibu's wandering energy on a constructive path, his widow mother sends him to the city from the village, with his uncle. But Shibu's carefree approach to life and his energetic response to reality, makes him a subject of annoyance to the neighbour as well as his own aunt. This forces his uncle to be strict with him and he takes him along to his shoe shop, in order to keep a watch on him, studying. But the situation leads Shibu on a different track. Being asked by the Uncle to carry a pair of shoes to a doctor's residence, Shibu ventures across the streets and lanes in his casual and carefree manner while encountering some stray incidents. But, then something very sudden and unpredictable happens, which invites him to show his true potential and real merit, to surprise the adults, effected by indifferent attitude.

Cast
Yakub Shaikhl
Ram Awana as shibu's uncle
Roni Bhatt
Saroj Bhagwar
Manisha Rajpal
Chitra Pandey

Crew
Director/Script : Apurba Kishore Bir
Story & Screenplay: Apurba Kishore Bir
Cinematography : Apurba Kishore Bir
Music : Bhavdeep Jaipurwale
Editing : Aseem Sinha
Dialogue : Hubnath Pandey
Sound : Nihar Ranjan Samel

Awards & Participation
National Film Awards 2003  (Best Children Film)

Music
Bhavdeep Jaipurwale arranged the music for this film.

Review
A. K. Bir too has a child protagonist in Baaja. Shibu is brought from the village to the town to be better educated. The boy's encounters and adventures on the streets bring out his savvy nature and concern for others; they also give him a better understanding of values. Shibu gives first aid to a grandma who has been cudgelled by a thief, minds the wailing baby, finds a doctor, and recovers the stolen gold chain. Since Bir is unable to decide whether to opt for realism or the fairy tale mode, the film hangs uneasily between the two genres.

See also
 National Film Award for Best Children's Film

References

External links

Interview of 'A.K.Bir'in www.filmnirvana.com

2002 films
Indian children's films
2000s Hindi-language films
Best Children's Film National Film Award winners
2000s children's films
Films directed by Apurba Kishore Bir

Baaja


John Adamson (1742–1808) was a Scottish Minister and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1797.

Life

He was the son of Lawrence Adamson, Schoolmaster of Leuchars. He was educated in St Andrews University where he received the degree of M.A. in 1757. He was licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of St Andrews on 2 March 1753, but it was not until 1764 that he was ordained as Minister of Kilmany. Eight years later, in 1772 he transferred to the more lucrative post as Minister of the Second Charge of St Andrews. He also became Professor of Civil History in the United College in the University there. He was awarded a Doctorate in Divinity by his University in 1777. Two years later, in 1779 he transferred to the even more lucrative First Charge of St Andrews. He was technically presented to this charge by King George III, but in fact by Henry Dundas, who exercised the royal patronage in Scotland. He was elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland on 18 May 1797. This was during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Government in Britain feared political agitation, so the General Assembly was anxious to demonstrate its loyalty and devotion. It voted an address to the King, signed by John Adamson, Moderator, which they assured him that They continue to feel and to act as becomes Britons, ready to sacrifice every private consideration in behalf of their beloved Sovereign, of the independence of their country, and of their religion and liberties.While our people patiently and cheerfully endure the inevitable toils and burdens of a war, they join with us in cherishing the pleasing hope of peace, when peace can be obtained on terms fair and honourable, such as will give full security for the many blessings by which your Majesty's subjects are distinguished. For the attainment of which most desirable object, we rely, under God, with the most entire confidence on the wisdom and vigour of your Majesty's councils.

He died of "an apoplexy" after preaching on 21 August 1808. His table form grave lies close to St Rule's Tower in the graveyard of St Andrews Cathedral.

Family

On 4 July 1765 he married Sophie Kay, daughter of Thomas Kay, Minister of Kilmany, and had a large family.

Publications

 A Sermon preached on the anniversary of the Revolution 1789 (i.e. the Glorious Revolution)
 Statistical Account of Scotland, Parish, Vol XIII p 187 et seq, Report on the Parishes of St Andrews and St Leonards, Edinburgh 1792

Sources
 Scott, Hew 'Fasti ecclesiæ scoticanæ; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation' Volume 5: synods of Fife, and of Angus and Mearns, pp 161, 235, 249 Edinburgh 1915
 Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1638-1842, Church Law Society, Edinburgh, 1843. (British History Online
 Grierson, James Delineations of St. Andrews: being a particular account of every thing remarkable in .....(page 188) P Hill, Edinburgh 1807

See also
 List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
18th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
19th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
1742 births
1808 deaths

John Adamson (minister)


Edward Milton Buckner (born March 8, 1946) is an American atheist activist who served as president of the organization American Atheists from 2008 to 2010. He was succeeded in this post by David Silverman.

Career
Buckner served as executive director for the Council for Secular Humanism from 2001 to 2003 and was once the council's southern director. As treasurer of the Atlanta Freethought Society, he led a protest at a 2007 rally organized by Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue to pray for rain. Buckner is currently a national board member for American Atheists.

Buckner and his son, Michael E. Buckner, wrote In Freedom We Trust: An Atheist Guide to Religious Liberty published by Prometheus Books in late 2012.

Buckner was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia to an Episcopal clergyman father. He received his B.A. from Rice University in 1967 and his M. Ed. and Ph.D. (in educational leadership, 1983) from Georgia State University. Dr. Buckner married his wife Lois Diane Bright Buckner in 1968, and the two gave birth to their child Michael Edward Buckner in 1970. Buckner was on the debate and football teams at Clear Creek High School (League City, Texas); though he left the h.s. in 1963 to attend Rice, he came back to graduate from CCHS in 1964.

Dr. Buckner has traveled across the United States and into the United Kingdom, voicing his support regarding freethought, secular humanism and the separation of state and church.  Ed Buckner's specialized topics in his presentations as a public speaker include "In Freedom We Trust" (debunking the notion of the United States being a Christian nation), "Atheism, Not Godliness" (providing support for atheism), "Secularism Across America" (a discussion regarding national organizations and their relationships between one another) among others. He is currently available for public speaking requests under Secular Student Alliance, an educational non-profit organization.
He has appeared often in the media circle as well, defending the civil liberties of Atheists and the separation of state and church on notable news outlets including CBS Evening News, Fox News, the Michael Medved Show, CNN, and the national CBS Radio News.

Buckner, in May 2013, discovered Bibles in a cabin in a Georgia State Park.  He responded by having atheist literature donated to be available alongside the bibles.

Dr. Buckner has affiliations with many organizations that include the American Civil Liberties Union, the American United for Separation of Church and State, the Council for Secular Humanism, the Democratic Party and Freedom From Religion Foundation.

Selected bibliography
Buckner has contributed to the following books:
 Quotations that Support the Separation of Church and State

  (several entries)

 Ideas conservadoras y Trabajo Social (original title: An Empirical Analysis of the Attitudes of Social Workers in the United States), published in Revista Trabajo Social, No. 55 (1988), pages 52–57. Co-written with Howard Epstein
 Revista Trabajo Social -  Chilean social work journal.
 Urban Schools: A New Era? - Urban Resources, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter 1985), on pages 51–53.
 By Their ZIP Codes Shall Ye Know Them, in Beyond 1984—Proceedings: Seventh Annual Conference of the So thern Future Society (Ermel Stepp, Jr., ed.) Huntington Beach, West Virginia: Marshall University, 1985, pp. 83–85.

Miscellaneous
Dr. Buckner was honored with an award for excellence in teaching by the Georgia State University Foundation in two years, 1980–1981 and 1983–1984.
He was elected to College of Public and Urban Affairs Executive Committee, from 1983 to 1985.
He was elected as Senator for Urban Studies Department, Georgia State University Senate, for the 1985–1986 term.
He co-edited Taking the Harder Right by Oliver G. Halle with his wife Diane.
He resides in his home in Atlanta, Georgia.
On his tenure as President of American Atheists, Dr. Ed. Buckner participated in the "Islam or Atheism: You Decide!" debate on June 22, 2010 in London, England. He also stated after the debate that he remains convinced that Islam is not supportable nor a rational belief.

His past positions included—Researcher for a public school system, an Assistant Professor of Urban Studies, College of Public and Urban Affairs, Georgia State University. Taught research methods, statistics/computer use, and graduate statistical analysis courses—including bivariate and multivariate statistics. Responsible for managing and conducting wide variety of research and for analysis of data resulting from research projects. Served as a consultant on statistics, SPSSX computer programs and more.

References

External links

American atheism activists
People from Fitzgerald, Georgia
Rice University alumni
Georgia State University alumni
1946 births
Living people
20th-century atheists
21st-century atheists

Ed Buckner


The Anglo-French Declaration was published by Great Britain and France, shortly after the Armistice of Mudros saw the capitulation of the Ottoman Empire. Some sources mention as publication date 7 November 1918, others 9 November 1918.

The declaration attempted to explain the reason why the two powers had decided to take part in the battle for Ottoman territories. France and Great Britain contended that their intentions were "the complete and final liberation of the people" who had been oppressed by the Ottoman Empire, and the establishment of democratic governments in Ottoman Syria, Ottoman Palestine, Ottoman Iraq (Mesopotamia), and other territories still to be assisted in obtaining their "liberation".

The declaration made it explicit that the form of the new governments was to be determined by local populations rather than imposed by the signatory powers. The declaration was meant to allay Arab suspicions of possible European colonialist or imperialist ambitions.

The text
ANGLO-FRENCH DECLARATION
November 7, 1918

Translation given by the British government in Command Paper No. 5974 of 16 March 1939

The object aimed at by France and Great Britain in prosecuting in the East the War let loose by the ambition of Germany is the complete and definite emancipation of the peoples so long oppressed by the Turks and the establishment of national governments and administrations deriving their authority from the initiative and free choice of the indigenous populations.

In order to carry out these intentions France and Great Britain are at one in encouraging and assisting the establishment of indigenous Governments and administrations in Syria and, Mesopotamia, now liberated by the Allies, and in the territories the liberation of which they are engaged in securing and recognising these as soon as they are actually established.

Far from wishing to impose on the populations of these regions any particular institutions they are only concerned to ensure by their support and by adequate assistance the regular working of Governments and administrations freely chosen by the populations themselves. To secure impartial and equal justice for all, to facilitate the economic development of the country by inspiring and encouraging local initiative, to favour the diffusion of education, to put an end to dissensions that have too long been taken advantage of by Turkish policy, such is the policy which the two Allied Governments uphold in the liberated territories.

Translation given by Sir Abdur Rahman before the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) in 1947

The goal envisaged by France and Great Britain in prosecuting in the East the war set in train by German ambition is the complete and final liberation of the peoples who have for so long been oppressed by the Turks, and the setting up of national governments and ad-ministrations that shall derive their authority from the free exercise of the initiative and choice of the indigenous populations.

In pursuit of those intentions, France and Great Britain agree to further and assist in the setting up of indigenous governments and administrations in Syria and Mesopotamia, which have already been liberated by the Allies, as well as in those territories which they have been endeavouring to liberate, and to recognize them as soon as they are actually set up.

Far from wishing to impose this or that system upon the populations of those regions, their [i.e., France's and Great Britain's] only concern is to offer such support and efficacious help as will ensure the smooth working of the governments and administrations which those populations will have elected of their own free will to have; to secure impartial and equal justice for all; to facilitate the economic development of the country by promoting and encouraging local initiative; to foster the spread of education; and to put an end to the dissensions which Turkish policy has for so long exploited. Such is the task which the two Allied Powers wish to under-take in the liberated territories.

Aftermath

Whatever the real intentions of France and Great Britain may have been, most territories indeed became free, some after a period of administration under League of Nations mandate, like Lebanon, Syria and Jordan.

Not all liberated peoples got the "Governments and administrations freely chosen by the populations themselves". The Kurds were divided among the new states Syria, Iraq and Turkey, and partly remained under Persian rule. The Palestinians were ultimately scattered over the State of Israel, governed by Jewish immigrants, the Occupied Palestinian territories and Jordan. Most of the Palestinians, however, ended up as refugees scattered over several countries in the region.

See also

Arab Revolt
Arab Federation
Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Balfour Declaration
St. John Philby
Entente Cordiale
Self-determination
French Mandate of Lebanon

References

United Kingdom in World War I
British Empire in World War I
France in World War I
French colonial empire and World War I
Ottoman Empire in World War I
France–United Kingdom relations
1918 in France
1918 in the United Kingdom
1918 in international relations
Documents of Mandatory Palestine
1918 documents

Anglo-French Declaration


The Financial Secrecy Index (FSI) is a report published by the advocacy organization Tax Justice Network (TJN) which ranks countries by financial secrecy indicators, weighted by the economic flows of each country.

It looks at how wealthy individuals and criminals can hide and launder money using the country's legal and financial systems. Automatic information interchange and beneficial ownership registration were among the ranking criteria. According to TJN, an estimated US$21 to US$32 trillion in untaxed or minimally taxed private financial wealth is held in secrecy jurisdictions (tax havens) around the world. Yet, the report attracted criticism of its veracity and the numbers quoted for glaring material errors and misstatements: most of the offshore financial centres referred to do not have any secrecy laws; large sectors of the monies flowing through OFCs are indeed taxed monies or are reported ofr tax purposes via CRS and FATCA.

The report claims to be a measure of each jurisdiction's contribution to the worldwide financial secrecy using qualitative and quantitative data.

To create a secrecy score for each jurisdiction, qualitative data based on laws, regulations, cooperation with information exchange mechanisms, and other verified data sources is used. Many of the assumptions and premises are misleading or incorrect. Even TJN's founders had so much difficulty with the fundamentally misleading reports coming out that they resigned.

The secrecy countries with the highest rankings are said to be less transparent in the operations they host, less engaged in sharing information with other national authorities, and less compliant with international money-laundering laws. A secrecy jurisdiction is more appealing for channeling illegal money flows and hiding criminal and corrupt activities due to its lack of openness and unwillingness to engage in efficient information exchange.

After that, quantitative data is used to generate a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction based on its percentage of global offshore financial services activity. They did this by using publicly available data on each jurisdiction's international financial services trade. They employ the International Monetary Fund approach to extrapolate from stock measures to obtain flow estimates when incomplete data is required. The jurisdictions with the highest weighting are those that play the most important role in the market for non-resident financial services.

A jurisdiction with a substantial proportion of the offshore financial sector but low opacity may earn the same overall ranking as a smaller but more secretive jurisdiction. The rating takes into account not only which countries are the most secretive, but also magnitude (the amount to which a jurisdiction's secrecy is likely to have a worldwide impact).

Confusion
While related to tax havens, the FSI is not a list of tax havens per se, and it does not attempt to estimate actual taxes avoided or profits shifted, unlike the techniques used in compilation of modern tax haven lists.  The FSI is therefore more correctly a list of financial secrecy jurisdictions.  While having many similarities to tax havens, the FSI produces some results that are very different from established tax haven lists.

The FSI showed jurisdictions like the U.S. and Germany, despite high tax rates (excluding certain zero tax states within them), are large contributors to global financial secrecy, however, the US and Germany are rarely discussed politically or in the media as "tax havens". The FSI does not capture modern corporate tax havens, such as Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, who they say maintain high levels of OECD–compliance and transparency, but are responsible for the global largest base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) tax avoidance activity. The report by the EU and commentary on the UK's Companies House data highlight that the purported transparency is meaningless where the data held is of low quality.

For example, Apple's Irish "leprechaun economics" tax restructure in Q1 2015, the largest BEPS transaction in history, remained unknown for years due to Irish data-protection laws.  The issue is the scoring by the FSI for some of the most favored secrecy tools of modern tax havens (or Conduit OFCs): the unlimited liability company ("ULC"), trusts, and certain SPV structures (e.g. Irish QIAIFs), none of which file public accounts in havens like Ireland and the United Kingdom. The FSI focuses on ownership of these tools (e.g. is the owner of a ULC recorded), versus visibility into the tools (e.g. is the ULC paying tax).  An example of this disconnect, was the EU's controversial €13 billion tax fine on Apple's two Irish ULCs in 2016, who while known, were found by the EU to be avoiding large amounts of Irish tax during the 2004–2014 period. The EU's action remains hotly disputed by Apple, who claim that the EU has made serious errors and misstatements, and that tax had been paid in the US on the very same profits that the EU claims should have been paid in Ireland.

History
The biennial FSI releases are widely reported in the general and financial media, and FSI scores now are seen in EU reports.

See also
 Conduit and Sink OFCs
 Corporate tax haven
 Ireland as a tax haven
 Offshore financial centre
 Tax haven
 United States as a tax haven

Explanatory notes

References

External links
 Financial Secrecy Index 2018
 Financial Secrecy Index Portal

Corporate tax avoidance
Finance lists
Global issues
International taxation
Offshore finance
Tax avoidance
Tax evasion

Financial Secrecy Index


St Werburgh's Church is an Anglican church on Friargate in the city of Derby, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building.  In this church, Samuel Johnson (Dr Johnson) married Elizabeth Porter in 1735.

The church has two sections, which, although  connected, have no internal access between them: these are the  tower/chapel and the main church. The seventeenth-century tower and old chancel are in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust (CCT); the key is kept at the nearby Derby Museum and Art Gallery. The main church was closed as a place of worship in 1984 but reopened in September 2017 as part of the Holy Trinity Brompton Church network. The church meets for worship every Sunday in the main church at 10.30am and 6.30pm every Sunday and is of a contemporary music style.

History
It is of medieval origin, but the oldest surviving part of the church is the tower, which was rebuilt between 1601 and 1608.  The chancel was built in 1699.  The remainder of the church was rebuilt in 1893–94 in stone from Coxbench quarry, the architect being Sir Arthur Blomfield.  The style of this rebuilding is Gothic Revival in the manner of the 15th century.

The church closed in 1984 and the parish joined with St Alkmund's. Memorials from the main body of the church were moved into the chancel and some of the windows, by Kempe and Herbert William Bryans, were moved to All Saints' Church, Turnditch. The church was declared redundant in 1990, and the body of the church was converted to commercial use. The building  has been an indoor market and Chinese restaurant but was closed for seven years. On 17 September 2017, St Werburgh's reopened as a church.

The tower and chancel were vested in the Churches Conservation Trust in 1989.  The tower was refurbished in 2004, and contains a chapel known as the "Johnson Chapel".

Samuel Johnson married Elizabeth Porter (née Jervis) on 9 July 1735. Elizabeth (or "Tetty") was a well-to-do widow. At the time he was 25, she 46, and neither family was enthusiastic about the match. The marriage lasted until Elizabeth's death in 1752.

Architecture
The tower is in Gothic Survival style.  The chancel of 1690 has been converted into a side chapel.  It contains many of its original fittings and furniture, including an elaborate wrought iron font cover made by Robert Bakewell. The reredos contains panels inscribed with the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer and the Apostles' Creed. Over the reredos is the royal coat of arms of Queen Anne. The stained glass is from the studio of Charles Eamer Kempe, and there is a monument dated 1832 by Francis Leggatt Chantrey.

The chancel has a wall-mounted war memorial by Arthur George Walker. It is a cast-bronze figure of Christ with  arms outstretched surmounting a plaque. The inscription reads "Remember 1914–1918 / (Names) / Blessed are the Peacemakers". A total of 47 men are listed.

Organ
The church had an organ as early as 1750. A new organ by John Gray was opened on 3 February 1841.  It was replaced by a new instrument by Walker and Sons of London which was opened on 14 December 1872. After several restorations and enlargements (including Henry Willis & Sons in 1905), it became a four-manual instrument with 47 speaking stops. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. William Hartley Ashton was organist and choir master in early 1910s and 1920s. In 1989 the organ was sold to All Saints, Newton Heath, Greater Manchester but never installed.

Organists
F Roome ca. 1766 – ca. 1812
Edward William Gover ca. 1841
Henry W. James ca. 1846 – ca. 1851
Edward Chadfield 1861–72
Arthur Francis Smith 1872–1911
Norman Hibbert 1912–41 (formerly organist of St Luke's Church, Derby)
Leslie Taylor 1941–43 (formerly organist of St Alkmund's Church, Derby)
H. Stanley Mayes 1943—????
Stanley Mayes was succeeded by Dr Arthur Pope (Head of Music at Bemrose Grammar School), and later by David Johnson, also Head of Music at Bemrose.

Christopher Martin Thomas 1975–81; left to become Director of Music at Waltham Abbey, Essex

See also
List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in the English Midlands
Grade II* listed buildings in Derby
Listed buildings in Derby (Arboretum Ward)

References

External links

 Website of St Werburgh's Church by local Churches Conservation Trust group

Churches in Derby
Grade II* listed buildings in Derby
Derby, St Werburgh's Church
Derby, St Werburgh's Church
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Gothic Revival architecture in Derbyshire
Churches completed in 1601
Churches completed in 1699
Churches completed in 1894
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Derby, St Werburgh's Church
Samuel Johnson
Arthur Blomfield church buildings
Holy Trinity Brompton plants

St Werburgh's Church, Derby


The Centre Harbor Village Historic District encompasses the historic village of Center Harbor, New Hampshire.  It consists of a small cluster of properties located north of Plymouth Street and Main Street, as well as the Nichols Memorial Library (located just south of the junction of the two streets with Old Meredith Road), and the Kona Fountain, which is located in the center of that intersection. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The village of Center Harbor arose in the late 18th century at a natural transit point dictated by the geography of Lake Winnipesaukee, whose northwesterly major port it is, Squam Lake, which lies a few miles to the north, and hilly terrain separating the two bodies of water.  With the advent of steamboats and railroads in the mid-19th century, it became a major transit point for travelers to the White Mountains, and prospered from the tourist trade.  About half the village's ten buildings predate 1850, while the rest were built between then and about 1920, reflecting this period of economic success.

The oldest building in the district is probably the Locust Cottage, built c. 1800.  It is a two-story wood-frame structure, distinctive for its porch with latticework balustrade.  The Morse & Stanley Block is a commercial wood-frame building which was built before 1837, but was altered somewhat and now has the appearance of a late-19th-century commercial building.  Three other houses predate 1837, the most notable being the Coe House and Barn, built in 1820 but significantly expanded and restyled c. 1850 with the latest Victorian architectural fashion.   The Kona Drinking Fountain which adorns the main intersection was dedicated in 1907; it was a gift of businessman Herbert Dumaresq, owner of the Kona Farm estate in nearby Moultonborough.   The Nichols Memorial Library was a gift of summer resident James E. Nichols of New York City; it is a Classical Revival structure built in 1909.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Belknap County, New Hampshire

References

Neoclassical architecture in New Hampshire
Historic districts in Belknap County, New Hampshire
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Belknap County, New Hampshire
Center Harbor, New Hampshire

Centre Harbor Village Historic District


Monsignor Hugh Francis Blunt (January 20, 1877 – March 22, 1957) was a Catholic priest, author, poet, and apologist. He was born in Medway, Massachusetts to Irish immigrants Sgt. Patrick Blunt and Ann Mahon. Blunt began writing while attending St. Laurent College in Montreal.

After his graduation in 1896, he attended St. John's Seminary in Brighton, Massachusetts in order to become a Catholic priest, and was ordained on December 20, 1901. He was appointed to churches in Stoneham, Dorchester, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, and did a great deal of writing over the course of his career. His most famous books include The Great Magdalens: Famous Women Who Returned to God Following a Life of Sin, The Great Penitents and Great Wives and Mothers, all of which are still in print. He also served as chief editorial writer for The Pilot newspaper and editor of the Sacred Heart Review.

Blunt had a strong interest in education and was known to be very strict. In a biography of former U.S. Speaker of the House of Representatives, Tip O'Neill, a story is told about how O'Neill and other children of the parish were warned by Blunt that they would be eternally damned if they visited the YMCA, since it was a Protestant institution. Blunt later performed O'Neill's wedding.

Blunt received the Marian Poetry Prize in 1919 and the Catholic Press Poetry Prize in 1929. In 1920, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Notre Dame for his contributions to Catholic literature.

Published works

References

Additional sources
Paul R. Clancy and Shirley Elder, Tip: The Biography of Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House
John A. Farrell, Tip O'Neill and the Democratic Century
Paula M. Kane, Separatism and Subculture: Boston Catholicism, 1900-1920
J. Gordon Melton, Religious leaders of America: a biographical guide to founders and leaders
Francis O'Neill, Irish minstrels and musicians: with numerous dissertations on related subjects
John Drane and Piers Paul Read, The Gospel of St. John: the story of the Son of God
George E. Ryan, Figures in our Catholic History

1877 births
1955 deaths
American male non-fiction writers
American Roman Catholic priests
American Roman Catholic poets
Christian apologists
Roman Catholic writers
American expatriates in Canada

Hugh F. Blunt


A persistent vegetative state is what happens when a person in a coma becomes somewhat aware of what is happening around them.  However, they have little or no control over their body.  Most people who are in a PVS cannot live without medicine or machinery, such as a ventilator.

Symptoms
Medical signs

Persistent vegetative state


Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan (born 23 April 1981) is a Turkish businessman, the third child of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the President of Turkey.

Early life
Necmettin Bilal was born on 23 April 1981, the second child of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Emine Erdoğan. He has three siblings: Ahmet Burak, Sümeyye Erdoğan and Esra Erdoğan. After finishing secondary school at Kartal Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi in 1999, Erdoğan moved to the United States, and graduated from Indiana University Bloomington with a bachelor's degree in political science and economics. He then earned a master's degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 2004.

Career
After graduation, he served at the World Bank as an intern for a while. He returned to Turkey in 2006 and started his business life. Erdoğan is one of the three equal shareholders of BMZ Group Denizcilik ve İnşaat Sanayi Anonym Şirketi, a marine transportation corporation. He is also on the governing board of Türkiye Gençlik ve Eğitime Hizmet Vakfı (TÜRGEV), an education and youth foundation.

Personal life
Erdoğan married Reyvan Uzuner in 2003. The couple have two sons Ömer Tayyip and Ali Tahir.

In October 2015, Today's Zaman reported that Erdoğan and his family had moved to Bologna, Italy, after his father's AK Party lost its parliamentary majority in June. It is stated that he will finish his PhD at The Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center there, but that all he has to do is complete his thesis, which does not require his permanent presence in Bologna, but does enable him to obtain a two-year residence permit.

In February 2016 the prosecuting attorney of Bologna started a lawsuit for money laundering against him.

Corruption scandal
Erdoğan came under accusations of corruption during the 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey that extended to other top members of TÜRGEV, for which he gave testimony.

References

1980 births
Harvard University alumni
Living people
People from Istanbul
Turkish businesspeople

Bilal Erdogan


Niels Wilhelm Gade (22 February 1817 – 21 December 1890) was a Danish composer, conductor, violinist, organist and teacher. Together with Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he was the leading Danish musician of his day, in the period known as the Danish Golden Age.

Biography
Gade was born in Copenhagen, the son of a joiner and instrument maker. He was intended for his father's trade, but his passion for a musician's career, made evident by the ease and skill with which he learnt to play upon a number of instruments, was not to be denied. Though he became proficient on the violin under Frederik Wexschall, and in the elements of theory under Christoph Weyse and Weyse's pupil Andreas Berggreen, he was to a great extent self-taught.

He began his professional career as a violinist with the Royal Danish Orchestra, which premiered his concert overture Efterklange af Ossian ("Echoes of Ossian") in 1841. When the performance of his first symphony had to be delayed in Copenhagen, it was sent to Felix Mendelssohn. Mendelssohn received the work positively, and conducted it in Leipzig in March 1843, to enthusiastic public reaction. His work attracted the notice of the king, who gave the composer a Danish government fellowship which enabled him to go to Leipzig and Italy. Moving to Leipzig, Gade taught at the Conservatory there, working as an assistant conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra, and befriending Mendelssohn, who had an important influence on his music.

In 1845 Gade conducted the premiere of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor with Ferdinand David at the violin. He also became friends with Robert Schumann and Robert Franz. Robert Schumann wrote a long enthusiastic article describing Gade as an exceptional young musician having the looks of Mozart and the four letters of whose name were those of the four strings of the violin. In his correspondence he talks of Gade as a rare talent with whom he sympathises as only with few. One of Schumann's piano pieces is entitled "Gade" and based on the notes G-A-D-E, and Schumann's third piano trio is dedicated to Gade. Gade conducted the first performance of Schumann's piano Concerto with Clara Schumann at the piano.

At Mendelssohn's death in 1847, Gade was appointed to his position as chief conductor but was forced to return to Copenhagen in the spring of 1848 when war broke out between Prussia and Denmark. In Copenhagen Gade became acquainted with the composer Cornelius Gurlitt and they remained friends until Gade's death. Gade became director of the Copenhagen Musical Society (Musikforeningen), a post he retained until his death. He established a new orchestra and chorus, while settling into a career as Denmark's most prominent musician. Under his direction, the Music Society reached its peak. He also worked as an organist; though he lost the prestigious position of organist at Our Lady, today's Copenhagen Cathedral, to Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, he served in the Holmen Church in Copenhagen from 1850 until his death. Gade was joint director of the Copenhagen Conservatory with Hartmann (whose daughter he married in 1852) and Holger Simon Paulli, became court conductor in 1861, and was pensioned by the government in 1876. An important influence on a number of Scandinavian composers, he encouraged and taught Edvard Grieg, Carl Nielsen, Louis Glass, Elfrida Andrée, Otto Malling, August Winding and Asger Hamerik.

Among Gade's works are eight symphonies, a violin concerto, chamber music, organ and piano pieces and a number of large-scale cantatas, Comala (1846) and Elverskud (1853) among them, which he called "concert pieces" (koncertstykker). These products, embraced post-1848 as works of Romantic nationalism, are sometimes based on Danish folklore. Apparently Gade never rated "The Bridal Waltz" (Brudevalsen). It was rescued by August Bournonville in his ballet A Folk Tale (Et folkesagn) and became an essential part of Danish weddings.

Personal life
On 27 April 1852 Gade married Emma Sophie Amalie Hartmann, daughter of Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann. He dedicated his Spring Fantasy to her to celebrate their engagement and his 5th Symphony with piano concertante as a wedding gift. In 1855, she died in childbirth while delivering twins; only one of them, Johan Felix Gade (1855-1928), survived. He became the father of organist and composer Niels Rudolph Gade.

Niels Gade remarried in 1857 to Mathilde Stæger, herself an outstanding pianist. For the wedding he wrote Fruehlingsbotschfaft expressing both his love for his now deceased first wife and the start of a new life and love for his second wife. This new marriage brought him two more children – a son, Axel Wilhelm Gade (1860-1921), who himself became a noted violinist, composer and conductor, and a daughter, Dagmar Gade (1863-1952). Niels Gade died in Copenhagen in the Christmas days of 1890.

There is no family connection with the composer Jacob Gade.

Works
See List of compositions by Niels Gade

See also
 Statue of Niels W. Gade

References

Further reading
 Celenza, Anna Harwell. The Early Works of Niels W. Gade: In Search of the Poetic. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.
 Lee, Justin.  Programme notes
 Wasserloos, Yvonne: Kulturgezeiten. Niels W. Gade und C.F.E. Horneman in Leipzig und Kopenhagen. Hildesheim, Zürich und New York 2004.
 Wasserloos, Yvonne: "Formel hält uns nicht gebunden, unsre Kunst heißt Poesie". Niels W. Gade und Robert Schumann – Übergänge zwischen Poetischem und Nationalem, in: Henriette Herwig/Volker Kalisch/Bernd Kortländer/Joseph A. Kruse/Bernd Witte (Hg.): Übergänge. Zwischen Künsten und Kulturen. Internationaler Kongress zum 150. Todesjahr von Heinrich Heine und Robert Schumann. Stuttgart u. Weimar 2007, pp. 521–540.
 Wasserloos, Yvonne: "Hearing through eyes, seeing through ears." Nation and landscapes in the works of Niels W. Gade, Edvard Grieg and Carl Nielsen, in: Studia Musicologica Norvegica 33 (2007), pp. 42–52. http://www.griegsociety.org/filer/1139.pdf

External links

 Niels Gade: Novelletten for Piano Trio, Op.29 sound-bites
 Octet in F major, op. 17 (parts) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
 3 Tonstuecke for Organ, op. 22 From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection

1817 births
1890 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical violinists
19th-century conductors (music)
19th-century Danish composers
19th-century Danish people
19th-century organists
Composers for piano
Composers for pipe organ
Danish classical composers
Danish classical organists
Danish classical violinists
Danish conductors (music)
Danish male classical composers
Danish nationalists
Danish Romantic composers
Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Music
Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society
Male classical violinists
Male conductors (music)
Male classical organists
Musicians from Copenhagen
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Academic staff of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig

Niels Gade


John Smith (27 October 1841 — 26 November 1898) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire from 1871 to 1878. He was a member of the team that played Derbyshire's first match in May 1871.

Smith was born in Clifton, Derby and was a solicitor by profession. From 1865 he was playing cricket regularly for Gentlemen of Derbyshire and South Derbyshire. Smith debuted for Derbyshire in the 1871 season  in their first match against Lancashire. He was one of five round-arm bowlers of Derbyshire's debut season (the others being James Billyeald, Dove Gregory, William Hickton, John Platts, and John Tilson). Smith played one first-class match in the 1872 season and also played against the Prince's Club. He played no first-class matches in the 1873 season but took part in a miscellaneous game against Nottinghamshire. He made his first real breakthrough playing three of four matches in Derbyshire's undefeated 1874 season. As a lower-order batsman, he was not out for 15 against Sandy Watson, who took nine-wickets for Lancashire in a game which Derbyshire still won. Smith played in five of Derbyshire's seven matches in the  1875 season. He played three matches in the 1876 season and seven in the 1877 season. In his last season for Derbyshire in 1878, he played two first-class matches, his last against an All England XI. He also played two matches for Derbyshire against school teams. In 1879 he played for Gentlemen of Derbyshire against a team of Canadian expatriates, including Walter Wright and Thomas Phillips.

Smith was a right-handed batsman and played 38 innings in 22 first-class matches with an average of 11.19 and a top score of 35. He was a right-arm round-arm bowler and took 6 wickets at an average of 27.00 and a best performance of 3 for 38.

Smith died in Derby at the age of 57.

References

1841 births
1898 deaths
English cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Cricketers from Derby

John Smith (Derbyshire cricketer)


Patrick Miller Hemingway (born June 28, 1928) is an American wildlife manager and writer who is novelist Ernest Hemingway's second son, and the first born to Hemingway's second wife Pauline Pfeiffer. During his childhood he travelled frequently with his parents, and then attended Harvard University, graduated in 1950, and shortly thereafter moved to East Africa where he lived for 25 years. In Tanzania, Patrick was a professional big-game hunter and for over a decade he owned a safari business. In the 1960s he was appointed by the United Nations  to the Wildlife Management College in Tanzania as a teacher of conservation and wildlife. In the 1970s he moved to Montana where he managed the intellectual property of his father's estate. He edited his father's unpublished novel about a 1950s safari to Africa and published it with the title True at First Light (1999).

Personal life
Born in Kansas City, Missouri, he traveled with his parents to Europe in 1929 and again in 1933, to Wyoming and Idaho during his summers, though his permanent residence was in Key West. In 1940, his parents divorced, after which his father married Martha Gellhorn. After their marriage, they moved to Cuba where Patrick visited often. At the beginning of World War II, Patrick helped crew his father's boat, the Pilar, on improvised missions to hunt for German U-boats operating in the Gulf of Mexico. Patrick attended Stanford University for two years, transferred to Harvard and graduated in 1950 with a BA in History and Literature.

Hemingway, Ken Burns's six-hour documentary on Hemingway's life and writing, contains photographs and film footage of Patrick, including interviews with him about his life with his father.

Patrick was married to Henrietta Broyles, with whom he has a daughter, Mina Hemingway (born 1960)..

Africa
Having studied agriculture at his mother's plantation in Piggott, Arkansas, Patrick used his inheritance after her death to buy a  farm near Dar-es-Salaam. He and his wife moved to Africa, where he lived for 25 years.  Patrick lived for much of his life in Tanganyika where he ran a safari expedition company; served as a white hunter to wealthy patrons; and as an honorary game warden in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. He started his safari business, called Tanganyika Safari Business, near Mount Kilimanjaro in 1955, which he gave up in the early 1960s when his wife was ill. For 12 years he taught conservation of wildlife at the College of African Wildlife Management in Tanzania, as part of his job as forestry officer in the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The College of African Wildlife Management at Mweka trains armed officers to enforce wildlife protection laws in Sub-Saharan Africa.

His father Ernest died in 1961, and his wife Henrietta died in 1963. When he left Africa he moved to Bozeman, Montana, where he has lived since 1975. He oversees the management of Ernest Hemingway's intellectual property, which includes projects in publishing, electronic media, and movies in the United States and worldwide.

True at First Light
Hemingway edited his father's "Africa book" that was published in 1999 with the title True at First Light. The book is a blend of fact and fiction from the East Africa expedition Ernest and fourth wife Mary went on from late 1953 to early 1954, in part to visit Patrick and his wife. Toward the end of the trip Ernest Hemingway was in two successive plane crashes and was reported dead. He sustained a severe head injury which went largely undiagnosed until he left Africa. Upon his return to Cuba he worked sporadically on True at First Light, but eventually set it aside.

The manuscript was in the John F. Kennedy Library Hemingway Archives, and Patrick edited the 800 pages down to half the size of the original. He had been present with his father during much of the expedition and was familiar with the events of Africa during that year, which he describes in the "Foreword" to True at First Light.

Additional writing
Hemingway contributed an introduction to the 1990 Green Hills of Africa; the 1991 Valley of Life: Africa's Great Rift; the 2003 Hemingway on Hunting; the 2003 Hemingway on War; and a "foreword" to the 2009 republished edition of his father's A Moveable Feast. For the 2012 special edition of A Farewell to Arms, containing all forty-seven alternative endings, Patrick wrote a personal foreword. His nephew, grandson of Ernest Hemingway, Seán Hemingway, wrote the introduction.

References

Sources

External links

The Patrick Hemingway Papers at Princeton University
Hemingway-Pfeiffer timeline

1928 births
Living people
Writers about Africa
American hunters
American naturalists
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
Harvard University alumni
Hemingway family
Writers from Bozeman, Montana
People from Piggott, Arkansas

Patrick Hemingway


John William Isaacs (September 15, 1915 – January 26, 2009) was a Panamanian-American professional basketball player. Born in Panama but raised in New York City, he was a member of the New York Renaissance, the Washington Bears, and various other teams.

Life and career
Isaacs was born in 1915 in Panama to a Jamaican father and a Panamanian mother. He grew up bilingual in Harlem, speaking both English and Spanish. Isaacs was a 6'3", 190 lbs. guard who led the basketball team at Textile High School (later Charles Evans Hughes High School) to a title in the 1935 New York City High School Basketball championship with all-City honors for himself. Offered a professional contract by Bob Douglas, owner of the Harlem-based, all-African American New York Renaissance basketball team, he accepted the offer, but only after getting approval from his mother.

With the Rens, Isaacs led the team to season records of 122–19, 121–19, and 127–15. The team won the first World Professional Basketball Tournament, held in 1939 at Chicago Stadium and sponsored by the Chicago Herald American, with the team making it to the finals by beating the Harlem Globetrotters of Chicago 27–23, to face the Oshkosh All-Stars, who lost to the Rens 34–25 in the tournament final. Isaacs won a second title in 1943 with the Washington Bears, again defeating Oshkosh. Isaacs scored a game-high 11 points to lead the Bears to a  43–31 win and their first title. Paid $175 per month, plus expenses, to play basketball. Isaacs supplemented his professional salary with jobs on the assembly line at Grumman Aircraft and at New York Life Insurance during the off season.

Isaacs played with several other all-black professional basketball teams after his time with the Rens and Bears, including the Manhattan Nationals, Hazleton Mountaineers of the Eastern Professional Basketball League, and Utica Olympics of the New York State Professional Basketball League), and in the American Basketball League with Brooklyn and Saratoga. He became a coach and mentor after he retired.  Chris Mullin admitted that he was one of his disciples.

Long after retiring from professional sports, Isaacs won medals at the New York State Senior Games in tennis, Frisbee, softball throwing, as well as in basketball.

On February 14, 2015, Isaacs was announced as a member of that year's induction class of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He formally entered the Hall on September 11.

References

External links
 "John Isaacs, Star for Rens Basketball, Dies at 93,"  New York Times, February 4, 2009

1915 births
2009 deaths
African-American basketball players
American Basketball League (1925–1955) players
American men's basketball players
American people of Jamaican descent
American sportspeople of Panamanian descent
Dayton Rens players
Harlem Globetrotters players
New York Renaissance players
Panamanian emigrants to the United States
Panamanian men's basketball players
Panamanian people of Jamaican descent
Sportspeople from Harlem
Basketball players from Manhattan
Guards (basketball)
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

John Isaacs


The Lower Lydbrook Viaduct was an iron railway viaduct with stone piers, it was on the Severn and Wye Railway and situated in Lower Lydbrook, Gloucestershire, England.

The viaduct, situated at the bottom of the Lydbrook Valley where it meets the Wye Valley, consisted of five stone arches and three wrought iron lattice truss girders. The viaduct rose some 80 feet above the roadway below, linking Forge Hill on the east with Randor on the west.

It enabled the rail lines from Cinderford via Bilston and Serridge to connect with the Ross-on-Wye to Monmouth line. It was built in 1872 and first used for traffic on 26 August 1874.

The Severn and Wye Railway was closed to passengers in 1929 and to goods in 1951. The viaduct was dismantled in 1966.

External links

 Photographs of the viaduct
 Photographs of the viaduct being demolished

Railway viaducts in Gloucestershire
Lattice truss bridges
Demolished bridges in England
Buildings and structures demolished in 1966

Lower Lydbrook Viaduct


LUCID (Langton Ultimate Cosmic ray Intensity Detector) is a cosmic ray detector built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd and designed at Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys, in Canterbury, England. Its main purpose is to monitor cosmic rays using technology developed by CERN, and will help predict the occurrence of solar flares (proton storms) which disrupt artificial satellites. LUCID was launched on 8 July 2014 at Baikonur, Kazakhstan as an instrument of the satellite TechDemoSat-1, which was carried into space by a Soyuz-2 rocket.

Professor Larry Pinsky, Chair of Physics at the University of Houston, described the project in Symmetry Magazine as "like playing at being NASA or the European Space Agency, but they're not really playing. They're doing the real thing."

Channel 4 News said of the LUCID project that "with this metal box, the school has outwitted NASA".

References

External links
Description of LUCID
From the Physics Lab to the Medical Industry to the Classroom: The Medipix Story

Cosmic-ray experiments

LUCID


John Skilling (October 8, 1921 in Los Angeles, California – March 5, 1998 in Seattle, Washington) was a civil engineer and architect, best known for being the chief structural engineer of the World Trade Center.

Early life
John Skilling graduated from the University of Washington in 1947 with a B.S. in civil engineering and started working for an engineering firm called W.H. Witt Co, which is now known as Magnusson Klemencic Associates. He married at a young age and had three children—two girls and a boy.

Engineering work
John started working for the W.H.Witt Co. soon after graduation. In 1983, he became the chairman of the firm. Prominent constructions under his leadership include the World Trade Center, Rainier Bank Tower, the Seafirst Building, Seafirst Fifth Avenue Tower, Century Square, Columbia Seafirst Center and the Washington State Convention and Trade Center.

Seattle Times interview
In 1993 after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, John Skilling said in an interview to the Seattle Times that according to their studies the World Trade Center was strong enough to withstand the impact of a Boeing 707. The only thing they were worried about was, in case of an airplane crash, the dumping of all airfuel into the building which would cause a horrendous fire. The building structure would still be there.

References

External links
 Biography at HistoryLink

1921 births
1998 deaths
Businesspeople from Seattle
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American architects
20th-century American businesspeople

John Skilling


The Burden Iron Works was an iron works and industrial complex on the Hudson River and Wynantskill Creek in Troy, New York. It once housed the Burden Water Wheel, the most powerful vertical water wheel in history. It is widely believed that George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., inventor of the Ferris wheel, had occasion to observe the wheel while a student at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The iron works site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an archaeological site in 1977.  The Burden Ironworks Office Building was previously listed in 1972.

Henry Burden
Henry Burden was born in Dunblane, Perthshire, Scotland, April 22, 1791, the son of a farmer. He studied engineering at the University of Edinburgh, and emigrated to America in 1819.

Burden started at the Townsend & Corning Foundry, manufacturers of cast iron plows and other agricultural implements, located in Albany. The next year, he invented an improved plow, and a cultivator, which was said to have been the first to be put into practical operation in this country. He also made mechanical improvements on threshing machines and grist mills.

He moved to Troy in 1822, and worked as superintendent of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory. The factory was located on north side of the Wynantskill Creek in South Troy, about a half-mile northeast of today's Troy–Menands Bridge. Burden's inventions, which automated work that was previously done by hand, made the factory extremely profitable. Burden soon became the sole owner of the factory and renamed it H. Burden and Sons. The Burden Iron Works, as it came to be known, produced a variety of iron-based products.

Iron Works

Henry Burden realized that Troy's strategic location as a hub of rail and water transportation networks made it possible to produce and ship an enormous quantity of finished goods. Burden replaced the small wooden mill with a large millworks. The river adjacent to the works was shallow and full of bars, and the land along the river was low and frequently flooded. At great expense, Burden had the grounds filled in, and the river dredged, so that the company's docks were accessible to large vessels. The property had nearly a mile of river frontage. The Hudson River Railroad ran east of it.

In order to find the necessary power to run his foundry, in 1851 Burden designed and constructed a 60-foot wheel. This was not the largest water wheel of its type, but likely the most powerful. A larger water wheel is at Laxey on the Isle of Man and at Greenock, Scotland, the latter supplied by Shaw's Waterworks with water from an elevated reservoir. The Burden Wheel appears to have had more buckets. The Burden Water Wheel was sixty-two feet in diameter and twenty-two feet in breadth, was supplied by a small stream, the Wynantskill Creek. Burden originated a system of reservoirs along the Wynantskill Creek to hold the water in reserve and increase the water-supply to power the mills. Burden's wheel weighed 250 tons and could produce 500 horsepower when spinning 2.5 times a minute. The water wheel itself was of what came to be termed the "suspension" type, with iron rods in tension replacing the usual arms. It was made almost entirely of iron, save for the drum or soling of the wheel and its buckets. This great wheel was continuously in service night and day for nearly one half of a century. Following its abandonment in the 1890s, it lay idle for another twenty years before its final collapse. A local poet had called it 'the Niagara of Water-wheels' The American muralist Arthur Covey produced an etching of this water wheel titled The Great Wheel, South Troy.

The immense establishment comprised two works - the 'upper works,' or water mills, on the Wynantskill, a short distance east of the Hudson River, and the new works, called the 'lower works,' or steam mills, located on the 'farm company' property and the Hoyle farm. The Upper Works contained a rolling mill and puddling forge, a horseshoe factory, a warehouse which could store 7,000 tons of horseshoes, a rivet factory, a rivet warehouse, the stables, a supply store, and the general business office. The Lower Works contained two massive blast furnaces of brick and stone, each sixty-five feet high; two casting houses, two stock houses, an engine room, a puddling forge, a rolling mill, a swaging shop, a punching shop, a horseshoe warehouse, more offices, a machine shop, a blacksmith shop, a foundry, a pattern shop, a tin and plumbing shop, an iron warehouse, and a supply store with a draughting room and laboratory. Coal dust and smoke from the furnaces spread over the Iron Works district of Troy.

Together the two sites contained sixty puddling furnaces, twenty heating furnaces, fourteen trains of rolls, three rotary squeezers, nine horseshoe machines, twelve rivet machines which each produced eighty rivets a minute, ten large and fifteen small steam engines, seventy boilers, and the great water-wheel. The puddling furnaces employed hundreds of men, stripped to the waist, wearing hob-nailed shoes, and covered in coal dust. Boys worked at the swaging furnaces, removing the heated horseshoes with tongs and placing them on the revolving dies of the swaging machine. Burden's works manufactured horseshoes in a variety of patterns and sizes. They were packed for shipping 100 lbs. to a keg.  A network of railroad tracks moved trainloads of iron ore, and sand among the blast furnaces and steam mills. The company owned its own locomotive.

The steam derricks, used for unloading coal, were designed by Burden's son William. A wire cable stretched between, on which an iron carriage traveled three hundred feet from the dock to the coal heap, carrying a self-dumping bucket with the capacity to hold a ton of coal. A steam engine hoisted the filled bucket to the cable, along which it traveled to the point where the tilting apparatus overturned its contents upon the pile. Alongside the coal heaps were vast deposits of iron ore, mostly from the area of Lake Champlain. There were also piles of limestone, from the downstream city of Hudson, used as flux to help in the fusion of the ores.

The firm owned 50 horses and a number of wagons to move the ore, coal, sand, clay, and manufactured goods from the different mills. It also owned extensive iron mines with superior quality ore, and a number of limestone quarries to serve the furnaces.

Today

An exhibit on Greater Troy's industrial history is housed in the former office of the Burden Iron Works. Constructed 1881-2, the distinguished brick Romanesque Revival building contains examples of objects manufactured in the city throughout the 19th century. The museum is operated by the Hudson Mohawk Industrial Gateway. The museum is open by appointment only.

References

External links

Lost Landmarks: Rensselaer Iron Works Trial by Fire

Ironworks and steel mills in the United States
Buildings and structures in Troy, New York
Museums in Rensselaer County, New York
Historic American Engineering Record in New York (state)
Industrial Revolution
Industrial buildings completed in 1882
National Register of Historic Places in Troy, New York
Industry museums in New York (state)
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Industrial buildings and structures in New York (state)
1882 establishments in New York (state)

Burden Iron Works


Michael Burke (11 October 1843 – 21 March 1909) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Tamworth to shepherd Thomas Burke and Margaret Dwyer. He was a carpenter and possibly a policeman before entering politics. On 20 September 1866 he married Catherine Agnes Leahy, with whom he had six children (one of these was Frank Burke, later Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly). In 1885 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Tamworth, but he did not re-contest in 1887. Burke died at Newtown in 1909.

References

1843 births
1909 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
19th-century Australian politicians

Michael Burke (New South Wales colonial politician)


Har Nof (, meaning "scenic mountain") is a mountain in Jerusalem. It is a famous neighborhood of important Israeli Rabbis. There are ancient terraces in the neighborhood, which were used for growing grapes. There are also many presses, from the Second Temple carved in the rock, suggesting a large Jewish community at the time. There are also ruins from fortifications dating from the Herodian period.

The ruins of a castle and a small pond were found in one of the lowest streets in the neighborhood. The fort was from the time of the Second Temple, and was populated by guards who protected the pilgrims visiting the temple. Opposite the castle, an ancient wine press was found, which probably belonged to the fortress' guards.

Other websites

 Official website website

Mountains of Jerusalem
Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem

Har Nof


Kinaryosih (born 3 March 1979) is an Indonesian actress and model.

Biography
Kinaryosih was born on 3 March 1979. In 1997, then a model, she won Femina magazine's annual competition for "Face of Femina". She began her acting career with appearances in television, including the soap operas Perkawinan Sedarah (Wedding the Same Blood), Indahnya Cinta (The Beauty of Love), Aku Cinta Kamu (I Love You), and Wulan.

In 2005 Kinaryosih began dating Brett Lee Money, an Australian. The pair raced together in the second season of The Amazing Race Asia in 2007, in which they placed ninth.

One of Kinaryosih's most critically acclaimed roles was in 2006's Mendadak Dangdut (Suddenly Dangdut), in which she played Yulia, the sister-cum-manager of a singer played by Titi Kamal. For the role, she won a Citra Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 2006 Indonesian Film Festival, as well as similar awards at the 2007 Bandung Film Festival and Indonesian Movie Awards (IMA); she also won Favourite Supporting Actress at the IMA.

In 2009 Kinaryosih starred in The Real Pocong as the titular pocong, or shrouded ghost. She performed her own stunts in the film. That same year she played a woman who stole her best friend's husband in Kata Maaf Terakhir (The Last Apology). Nauval Yazid, writing in The Jakarta Post, found her performance mediocre. This was followed by a role as a shopkeeper named Ina in Maling Kutang (The Bra Thief), a story about villagers who attempt to steal a bra perceived to have magical powers from atop Ina's house.

Kinaryosih received another award in 2010 from Femina as one of the 25 most successful "Face of Femina" competitors.

In March 2011 she and Money married in secret ceremonies in Australia and in Jakarta. Before marriage Money had converted to Islam. Together they have a son, Steven, who was born on 27 March 2012.

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

1979 births
Living people
Indonesian actresses
Citra Award winners
Indonesian female models
The Amazing Race contestants

Kinaryosih


Tom O'Sullivan is a former Gaelic footballer from Rathmore County Kerry. A Garda Síochána by profession, he played his club football for Rathmore and his county football for the Kerry county team.

Playing career

Underage and junior
O'Sullivan never played football for Kerry in the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship.  However, he was part of the Kerry Vocational Schools team that won the All Ireland in 1997.

He moved on to the Under 21 team in 1998 lining out at full back in the Munster semi final game with Clare, a game Kerry ran out winnings in a close game on a 0-10 to 0-07 scoreline. This set up a Munster Under-21 Football Championship final with Tipperary. In another close game Kerry ended on the right side of a 3-10 to 1-11 scoreline to give O'Sullivan a first Munster title in the grade. The All Ireland semi final paired Kerry with Ulster championships Armagh. Unlike during Munster Kerry ran out comfortable winners on a 1-14 to 0-09 point scoreline, with O'Sullivan once again at full back. This set up an All Ireland final with Laois. Despite fielding a number of players who had won All Ireland minor titles the 2 previous years O'Sullivan's side won 2-08 to 0-11 scoreline to give Kerry their 3 title in 4 years and a first for O'Sullivan. O'Sullivan was back in the no 3 jersey for the start of the 1999 championship as Kerry ran out easy winners in the first round on a 1-22 to 1-04 scoreline against Waterford. This set up a semi final with Limerick. Despite having appeared in 2 Munster minor finals in the years before Kerry had little trouble overcoming them on a 3-12 to 0-06 scoreline. That result set up a Munster final with Cork. Despite being closer than the first two games O'Sullivan's side still ran out comfortable 1-10 to 0-07 winners, giving O Sullivan his second Munster title. In the semi-final Kerry had yet another comfortable win this time over Roscommon on a 3-15 to 109 scoreline. In the final Kerry would face Leinster surprise package Weastmeath. Having not been tested all year Kerry went into the game as huge favorites. However at the final whistle Kerry found themselves at the wrong end of a 1-12 to 0-09 scoreline in one of the biggest shocks in the history of the championship. O'Sullivan played 9 games in total for the under 21s during his 2 years all at full back.

On the back of his displays with the under 21s O'Sullivan was picked for the Kerry junior side in 1998. He played full back in the Munster semi final as Kerry were held to an 0-11 each draw by Cork. In the replay Cork won by 0-15 to 0-13. He was back once more at full back in 1999, however this time Kerry fell to Clare by 0-10 to 0-06.

Senior
Tom O'Sullivan made his debut for the Kerry seniors against Cork in the 1999/2000 National Football League. He would go on to play in all 8 of Kerrys games as they lost out to Meath in the semi-final.  His Munster Senior Football Championship debut came in 2000, also against Cork in the Munster semi final, a game where he played at Left half back, despite having played most of his intercounty football at full back. Kerry won the game 2-15 to 0-13. This paved the way for O'Sullivans first senior Munster final where his side took on Clare. In a one sided game Kerry ran out winners on a 3-15 to 0-08 scoreline. This set up a semi final and Croke Park debut with Ulster champions Armagh. In an exciting game the side were level at the end of 70 minutes 2-11 apace. The replay turned out to be yet another exciting contest, going to extra time with Kerry winning out on a 2-15 to 1-15 scoreline. This put Kerry back in the final for the first time since 1997, with Galway the opposition. Like the semi-final the two teams ended level after a close encounter on a 0-14 each scoreline. In the replay, again like the semi-final another close game played out with Kerry winning on a 0-17 to 1-10 scoreline, giving O'Sullivan his first All Ireland medal. In his debut season with Kerry O'Sullivan played 8 league and 6 championship games.

O'Sullivan missed some of Kerry's 2000/01 league campaign, playing in 5 of the 7 games, only starting two of them. He was back in the starting 15 for the first round of Munster where Kerry took on Tippereary, with him moving to right half back, where he would play for the season. Kerry started the defense of their Munster and All Ireland titles with a comfortable 3-17 to 1-04 hammering of Tipp. This set up a semi final with Limerick, in a game where Kerry again ran out comfortable 1-15 to 0-10 winners. This set up a first Munster final for O'Sullivan with Cork. In the end of a huge scoring game Kerry were winners on a 0-19 to 1-13 scoreline, giving O'Sullivan a second Munster title in a row. 2001 was the first year of the qualifier series meaning for the first time there was a quarter final stage, where Kerry met Dublin. In a first meeting for the sides since the golden days of the 1970s and 80s, the two sides played out a 1-14 easch draw in Thurles. A week later the two teams were back in Thurles and after another exciting game Kerry ran out winners on a 2-12 to 1-12 scoreline. That result set up an All Ireland semi final with Leinster champions Meath. Kerry went into the game as favorites but ended up on the wring side of a 2=14 to 0-5 hammering, a record in championship football for Kerry. At the end of a disappointing year for Kerry overall, O'Sullivan played 5 league and 6 championship games.

2002 seen Kerry find themselves in Div 2 of the National League. O'Sullivan again missed the early part of the campaign, but was back as Kerry beat Laois to take the title by 1-09 to 1-05, with O'Sullivan playing  Right corner back. He was back in the half back line as Kerry opened their Munster title defense with a hard fought win over Limerick. on a 0-14 to 1-07 scoreline. On a wet ran in Killarney a low scoring 0-08 a piece scoreline, meant the sides would have to meet again. In the replay Cork ran out winners on a 0-15 to 1-09 in a game where O'Sullivan would play his first championship game in the Kerry full back line, a line where he would for the rest of his intercounty career, when he played full back. Kerry faced into their first ever All-Ireland Qualifier game and a first game against Wicklow at championship level. For the first time in since his debut O'Sullivan would find himself on the bench, a role he would play for the rest of the year. He would play no part in what was to be a straightforward 5-15 to 0-07 win. This set up another first championship meeting for Kerry this time with Fermanagh. Another comfortable win was the result for Kerry, this time on a 2-15 to 0-04 scoreline. O'Sullivan managed to get some game time this time round coming off the bench to replace Eamonn Fitzmaurice. This set up a meeting with Kildare who had lost the Leinster final. In the first championship meeting for the sides since Kildare's surprise 98 semi final win Kerry made no mistake winning on a 2-10 to 1-05 scoreline, with O'Sullivan again coming off the bench to replace Eamonn Fitzmaurice once more. The win meant Kerry were back in Croke Park for a Q/F tie with All Ireland champions Galway. The Kingdom had too much for them and ran out comfortable winners on a 2-17 to 1-12 scoreline. O'Sullivan again appeared off the bench replacing, for the third game in a row, Eamonn Fitzmaurice.  This set up a historic first championship meeting in Croke Park with old rivals Cork. After losing out in Munster Kerry made no mistake second time around and routed the Rebels on a 3-19 to 2-07 scoreline. O'Sullivan had a short stay on the field as he was sent off soon after replacing Marc Ó'Sé. This set up an All Ireland final with Armagh. Kerry looked to be in control when they led at half time but an early second half goal seen the Ulster side claim a first All Ireland on a 1-12 to 0-14 scoreline. He once again replaced Marc Ó'Sé during the game. O'Sullivan finished the year, where he largely played as a sub, playing in all but one of Kerrys 8 championship games, starting 3 and coming on as a sub for the other 5 he played in.

O'Sullivan started the 2003 season by playing in all 7 of Kerry's games, mostly in the full back line. He started his first championship games since the  previous years Munster semi final loss to Cork, when he lined outed at left corner back against Tipperary, in a game Kerry ran out winners on a 0-025 to 1-10 scoreline. This set up a Munster final with Limerick, who had pulled off a shocked result with a 10 pint win over Cork in the semi-final. This would be the only season of his career where O'Sullivan wouldn't play Cork in championship football. Appearing in a first Munster final since 1991 Limerick pushed Kerry all the way, but came up short in the end on a 1-11 to 0-09 scoreline, giving O'Sullivan his third Munster medal. The result meant Kerry were back in Croke Park where they faced Roscommon in the All Ireland Q/F. Despite shipping 3 goals Kerry still did enough to run out 1-21 to 3-10 winners. This set up a semi final with Ulster champions Tyrone. Despite entering the game as favorites O'Sullivan's side were totally outclassed and they fell to a 0-13 to 0-06 loss. O'Sullivan finished the year playing at Left corner back in all 4 of Kerrys championship games.

After some disappointing losses in Croke Park over the previous three seasons, Jack O'Connor took over as manager replacing Páidí Ó Sé. O'Sullivan played in O'Connor's first game in charged, a surprise loss away to Longford in the league. He didn't appear again until the round 5 win over Westmeath, but kept his place as Kerry made the final for the first time since 1997. Kerry took on Galway in the final, and with O'Sullivan at left corner back ran out winners on a 3-11 to 1-16 scoreline, giving O'Sullivan a first National League title. O'Sullivan kept his place at left corner back as Kerry opened their Munster campaign away to Clare, Kerry came away with a retrain 2-10 to 0-09 win to set up a semi final date with Cork. In a very one-sided game in Killarney Kerry had too much for the opposition and ran out easy winners by 0-15 to 0-07. This set up, for the second year in a row, a Munster final date with Limerick. A last-gasp catch from a 45 from Darragh O Se meant the sides finished level on a 1-10 each scoreline, meaning they would have to face off once again a week later in Killarney. He was back at left corner back once again for the replay, where despite a shacking start Kerry won on a 3-10 to 2-09 scoreline, giving him a 4th Munster medal. This set up a QF clash with old foes Dublin in Croke Park. Once again lining out at Left corner back in a comfortable 1-15 to 1-08 win. For the third time in four seasons O'Sullivan and Kerry faced an Ulster side in the latter end of the championship, this time squaring up with Derry this time however Kerry end up on the rightside of a 1-17 to 1-11 scoreline. Kerry faced Mayo in the final in a first championship meeting for the sides since the 1997 final. In somewhat of a surprise Kerry ran out easy winners on a 1-20 to 2-09 scoreline, giving O'Sullivan a second All Ireland medal. O'Sullivan would finish off the year by picking up a first All Star at  Left corner back. In what was to be his most successful season to date, O'Sullivan finished the year playing in all 7 of Kerry's championship games and 6 league games. He ended the year with a clean sweep of National League, Munster and All Ireland medals along with an All Star.

Kerry failed to defend their league title in 2005, just missing out on a semi final spot. O'Sullivan playing in all but one of the 7 games. Kerry kicked off the defense of their All Ireland title with a 2-22 to 0-13 Tipperary in Thurles, with O'Sullivan in his now established Corner Back slot. This set up a semi final with Lemrick, a side they had beaten in the previous two Munster finals. In another close game two Colm Cooper goals were the difference in a 2-10 to 0-10 win. The result was a first Munster final with Cork since 2001. In another close game in Cork it was a goal from Kerry captain Declan O'Sullivan that swing the tie in Kerrys favor as the game ended in a 1-10 to 0-10 win for Kerry and a first 3 in a row of Munster titles since 1996-98. The result also game O'Sullivan a 5th Munster title. In the All Ireland QF seen a repeat of the previous years All Ireland final where Kerry faced Mayo. In a much closer game then 2004 Kerry ran out winners on a 2-15 to 0-18 scoreline in what was to be a tough afternoon for O Sullivan where he was replaced by Eamonn Fitzmaurice. For the second time in 4 seasons Kerry faced off with Cork in Croke Park in the All Ireland semi final. Where only a few weeks before a single goal was between them this time around was a different story. Much like the 2002 semi final Kerry totally outclassed their rivals in a 1-19 to 0-09 hammering. This saw Kerry and O'Sullivan qualify for their 4th All Ireland final since 2000. It was a repeat of the 2003 semi final with Tyrone. In what was one of the games for the year, Tyrone once more had the upper hand and came out on top in a 1-16 to 2-10 scoreline. O'Sullivan ended his 6th season at senior level having played right corner back in all 6 of Kerry's championship games and 6 out of 7 league games.

O'Sullivan was known primarily as a corner-back, but has had to move to full-back since the retirement of Mike McCarthy.  He coped very well in the early stages of the championship, being described as 'soundness personified at full back'.  However, he struggled at times in the Munster final against Michael Cussen of Cork and in the All-Ireland quarter-final against Vincent Corey of Monaghan.  Nevertheless, the year ended well for O'Sullivan, as Kerry beat Cork by 3-13 to 1-9 in the All-Ireland Final

Honours
Intercounty
 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5: 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009
 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship 1: 1998
 Munster Senior Football Championship 8: 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010,2011
 Munster Under-21 Football Championship 2: 1998, 1999
 National Football League 2: 2004, 2006, 2009
 All Ireland Senior Football Final Man of the Match: 2009

Club
 Kerry Senior Football Championship 2: 1998, 1999 (With East Kerry)
 Kerry Club Football Championship 1: 2011
 County League Div 1 1: 2002
 Kerry Intermediate Football Championship 1: 1999
 Kerry Junior Football Championship 1: 1998
 East Kerry Senior Football Championship 1: 2005

Schools
 All-Ireland Vocational Schools Football Championship 1: 1997
 Munster Vocational Schools Championship 1: 1997

Individual
 All Stars (2004, 2009)
 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final Man of the Match (2009)

References

External links
 Kerry GAA site
 Tom O'Sullivan interview

1978 births
Living people
All Stars Awards winners (football)
Gaelic football backs
Garda Síochána officers
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
Rathmore Gaelic footballers
Winners of five All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football)
Police officers from County Kerry

Tom O'Sullivan (Rathmore Gaelic footballer)


Rosalind Mary Theodosia Hill (1908–1997) was an English historian who for 39 years was a lecturer, Reader and Professor in History at Westfield College, a constituent college of the University of London.

Biography
Rosalind Hill was born on 14 November 1908 at Leighton House, Neston-cum-Parkgate, Cheshire, the youngest of three daughters and four children of Elen Mary Stratford, née Danson and Sir Norman Hill (1863–1944), a prominent shipping solicitor and notary in Liverpool who acted as secretary of the Liverpool Steamship Owners' Association from 1893 to 1924 and was Chairman of the Board of Trade advisory committee on shipping from 1907 to 1937. He was knighted in 1911 and created baronet in 1919. When Sir Norman built Green Place, a large house at Stockbridge in Hampshire, Rosalind Hill immersed herself in local life and tradition, especially after she inherited the title of Lady of the Manor following the death of her brother during the Second World War. Her devotion to the village was such that she is commemorated by Rosalind Hill House, a home for the elderly in the village. She donated Green Place to the National Trust in 1946.

Hill was educated at the Downs School in Seaford in Sussex before studying history at St Hilda's College, Oxford (1928–1931), where she gained a first-class degree in modern history before taking a Bachelor of Letters degree in 1932 with a thesis on English Ecclesiastical Letter-Books of the Thirteenth Century which was privately printed in 1937. For a short period she taught medieval history at University College, Leicester, where John H. Plumb was among her students.

Plumb later wrote of her:
She was very young and nervous: she fluttered her papers, talked too quickly, and went pink-cheeked with terror, yet she managed to bring the medieval world alive. She knew the problems it was vital for a young historian to know about. ... I never missed a lecture. Medieval history sprang to life and I became, and remained, an addict.J. Plumb, 'Triumph of the good over medieval', Times Higher Education Supplement (8 July 1994), pg. 17

In 1937 Hill was appointed a lecturer in History at Westfield College, and here she was to remain for the rest of her academic career as lecturer (1937–1955); Reader in History (1955–1971); and Professor of History (1971–1976), retiring as Professor Emerita and Vice-Principal. As a scholar and researcher she was particularly active in her work with medieval bishops' registers, especially those of Oliver Sutton of Lincoln in The Rolls and Register of Bishop Oliver Sutton 1280–1299 (published in eight volumes, 1948–1986), and for her edition of the first chronicle of the First Crusade, Gesta Francorum et Aliorum Hierosolimitanorum (1962). Her love of animals was expressed in her pamphlet Both Small and Great Beasts (1953) written on behalf of the University Federation for Animal Welfare and illustrated by the cartoonist Fougasse and which explored the treatment of animals during the Middle Ages. She was Secretary (1963–1973) and President (1973–1974) of the Ecclesiastical History Society and Editor and Chairman of the Canterbury and York Society. She was also a member of the seminars on the Crusades at the Institute of Historical Research.

After retiring Hill shared a house with former Westfield colleagues Christina Barratt and Gwen Chambers at 7 Loom Lane in Radlett in Hertfordshire and here she died of heart failure on 11 January 1997 aged 88 before being cremated at St Albans. She never married.

Select publications
Public Penance: Some Problems of a Thirteenth-Century Bishop, History, vol 36 (1951), pp 213–226.
Both Small and Great Beasts: On the Attitude of Men towards Animals in the Middle Ages (London, 1953).
The Theory and Practice of Excommunication in Medieval England, History, vol 42 (1957), pp 1–11.
Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum (London, 1962).
Unfashionable History: An Inaugural Lecture (London, 1972).
Uncovenanted Blessings of Ecclesiastical Records, Studies in Church History, vol 11 (Oxford, 1975), pp 135–146.
Air and Portentous Heresy', Studies in Church History, vol 13 (Oxford, 1976), pp 135–140.
The Christian view of the Muslims at the time of the First Crusade, The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades, ed PM Holt (Warminster, 1977), pp 1–80.

For a full bibliography of Hill's publications to 1978, see Medieval Women: Dedicated and Presented to Professor Rosalind M T Hill on the Occasion of her Seventieth Birthday, ed D Baker, Studies in Church History: Subsidia 1 (Oxford, 1978), pp 381–385.

References

External links
Obituary - Professor Rosalind Mary Theodosia Hill, M.A., B.Litt - Society of Antiquaries of London

1908 births
1997 deaths
20th-century British women writers
20th-century English historians
Academics of the University of Leicester
Academics of Westfield College
Alumni of St Hilda's College, Oxford
British animal welfare scholars
British women historians
English pamphleteers
Daughters of baronets
Presidents of the Ecclesiastical History Society

Rosalind Hill