Andrews Air Force Base (Andrews AFB, AAFB) is the airfield portion of Joint Base Andrews, which is under the jurisdiction of the United States Air Force. In 2009, Andrews Air Force Base merged with Naval Air Facility Washington to form Joint Base Andrews. Andrews, located near Morningside, Maryland in suburban Washington, D.C., is the home base of two Boeing VC-25A aircraft with the call sign Air Force One when the president is on board, that serve the President of the United States, and the President is typically flown in and out of Andrews when travelling from Washington, D.C. by plane.

The host unit at Andrews is the 316th Wing, assigned to the Air Force District of Washington. It is responsible for maintaining emergency reaction rotary-wing airlift and other National Capital Region contingency response capabilities critical to national security and for organizing, training, equipping and deploying combat-ready forces for Air and Space Expeditionary Forces (AEFs). The 316th Wing also provides installation security, services and airfield management to support the President, Vice President, other U.S. senior leaders and more than 50 tenant organizations and federal agencies.

The 316th Wing provides security, personnel, contracting, finance and infrastructure support for five wings, three headquarters, more than 80 tenant organizations, 148 geographically separated units, and 6,500 airmen in the Pentagon, as well as 60,000 airmen and families in the national capital region and around the world. The 316th Wing supports contingency operations in the capital of the United States with immediate response rotary-assets. It also provides security for the world's highest visibility flight line and is responsible for ceremonial support with the United States Air Force Band, Honor Guard and Air Force Arlington Chaplaincy.

The wing commander is Colonel Tyler R. Schaff, and the command chief master sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Thomas C. Daniels.

History
Union American Civil War troops used a country church near Camp Springs, Maryland for sleeping quarters (now named Chapel Two) and on 25 August 1941, President Roosevelt directed use of the land for an airfield.

Camp Springs Air Base
Camp Springs Air Base was designated on 5 September 1942, and construction began on 16 September 1942. The Maryland World War II Army Airfield of the 1st Air Force was "designated a sub-base of Headquarters, Baltimore AAFld, late Nov 1942"—the 901st Quartermaster Company (Construction) became the base operating unit on 14 December 1942. Camp Springs Army Air Base opened on 2 May 1943, and the airfield became operational 2 May 1943 when the first Republic P-47 Thunderbolts arrived. after the 367th Fighter Squadron was stationed at Camp Springs on 21 April 1943. On 6 June 1943 the Camp Springs headquarters gained command of 4 sub-bases: Baltimore AAFld, Dover Army Airfield, Millville Army Airfield, and Philadelphia Municipal Airport became sub-bases of Camp Springs AAB.

The airfield had  runways by 1944 when the 90th Fighter Control Squadron was formed (28 March 1944), and the last Camp Springs combat units (e.g., 535th Fighter Escort Squadron) departed for World War II combat on 10 April 1944. Camp Springs was expanded to become the initial headquarters of Continental Air Forces (CONAF) (activated 12 December 1944)—the 161st AAF Base Unit (CONAF) became the "Andrews Field" operating unit on 16 April 1945.

Andrews Field
Andrews Field was named on 7 February 1945 in honor of Lt Gen. Frank Andrews and in 1946, Andrews was a sub-base of Bolling Field (3 January 1946 – 20 November 1946). Strategic Air Command headquarters transferred from Bolling Field to Andrews. The command of CONAF's Radar Bomb Scoring detachments (e.g., at Dallas Love Field) transferred to Andrews on 17 March 1946 when the "263 AAF BU" was assigned (transferred 23 February 1948) to Carswell AFB.

Andrews was transferred from the Army to the Air Force in 1947, and it was a Headquarters Command installation from 1947 through 1952 and again after 1957. Headquarters Military Air Transport Service controlled the base during the interim period. The year 1947 marked the arrival of the first permanently assigned jet-powered aircraft, the F-80 Shooting Star, at Andrews. The long-lived and versatile training version of the F-80, the T-33, still played an important role in proficiency flying programs at Andrews more than 30 years later.

Andrews Air Force Base

Andrews Air Force Base was designated on 24 June 1948, and in June 1950, Andrews rapidly became involved in combat readiness training for B-25 Mitchell medium bomber crews. Combat readiness training and proficiency flying for military pilots assigned non-flying duties in the Washington area have remained two key elements in the local mission since the establishment of the base. HQ Air Research and Development Command (later, Air Force Systems Command) moved to Andrews from Baltimore, 24 June 1958. With the construction of new facilities beginning in 1959, Andrews had become by early 1962 the primary USAF flight installation serving the Washington, DC, area with the closing of the runway at Bolling AFB.

Andrews' air defense role was strengthened in the 1950s with the latest in fighter-interceptor hardware appearing on the flight line. F-94 Starfires, F-102 Delta Daggers and finally, F-106 Delta Darts formed the backbone of the three fighter interceptor squadrons which operated from the base until 1963.

In the late 1950s Andrews began an annual open house and air show on base. This event later evolved into the Department of Defense Joint Services Open House, an annual event that now brings more than 700,000 visitors to the base every year. The open house is held every year over Armed Forces Day weekend.

In the years since 1959, Andrews' flight operations and importance have increased greatly. In 1961, the last of the Military Air Transport Service's flying units at Washington National Airport transferred to Andrews. This was followed a year later by the transfer to Andrews of all fixed-wing flying activities from Bolling Air Force Base. Andrews has become firmly established as the main port of entry for foreign military and government officials en route to Washington and the United States. In July 1961, the official presidential aircraft was stationed here, known as "Air Force One" when the president is on board. Before 1961, the presidential airplane had been kept at Washington National Airport and Bolling AFB.

In 1963, the Naval Air Facility (NAF), originally established at the former NAS Anacostia in 1919, moved to Andrews. The NAF handles Naval VIP flight operations. The Marine Corps detachment that flies the FA-18 Hornet is located here.

In a major reorganization, Headquarters Command, U.S. Air Force, was disbanded 1 July 1976, restructured under the Military Airlift Command as the 76th Airlift Division and transferred its headquarters from Bolling AFB to Andrews. The 76th remained the parent unit of the Andrews host command, redesignated as the 1st Air Base Wing.

In October 1977, the 76th Airlift Division became the 76th Military Airlift Wing. The 1st Air Base Wing was redesignated the 76th Air Base Group, and the 89th Military Airlift Wing became the 89th Military Airlift Group. The 76th MAW remained the parent unit at Andrews. On 15 December 1980, the 76th Airlift Division was reestablished, the 76th Air Base Group became the 1776th Air Base Wing and the 89th Military Airlift Group became the 89th Military Airlift Wing. On 1 October 1985, the 76th Airlift Division was inactivated as the result of activation of the Headquarters Air Force District of Washington at Bolling AFB. The 1776th Air Base Wing was designated the "host wing" for Andrews AFB and assumed base support responsibilities.

During Operation Desert Storm, Andrews handled 16,540 patients in makeshift hospital facilities located in the base tennis center.
On 12 July 1991, the 89th Military Airlift Wing was redesignated as the 89th Airlift Wing and assumed duties as the host wing at Andrews AFB. Support functions previously performed by the 1776th Air Base Wing now fall under the 89th and the 1776th was inactivated. With the consolidation of the two wings, the newly formed 89th Airlift Wing is one of the largest wings in Air Mobility Command with a work force approaching 9,000 people.

Known as "The President's Wing," the 89th Airlift Wing continues to contribute to Andrews' rich history as the elite Air Mobility Command wing for transporting VIPs around the world. Not only does Andrews provide service for America's senior officials, but also kings, queens, presidents, prime ministers, popes, and local and foreign military leaders make Andrews AFB their first stop in the United States.

On 5 January 2005 the Air Force reactivated the Air Force District of Washington (AFDW) as the single Air Force voice for planning and implementing Air Force and joint solutions within the National Capital Region (NCR). This event brought with it significant changes at Andrews. On 12 May 2006, the 89th Medical Group at Andrews and the 11th Medical Group, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. combined into the 79th Medical Wing where it established its headquarters at Andrews. In June 2006, the 316th Wing stood up under the command of AFDW as the new host unit for Andrews Air Force Base and its nearly 50 tenant units to include organizations from the U.S. Army, the Air Force Reserve Command, Air National Guard, Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve and the Civil Air Patrol. The activation of the 316th prompted the transfer of the 1st Helicopter Squadron from the 89th Airlift Wing to the 316th Operations Group. In May 2007 the AFDW, as well as the 844th Communications Group, transferred from Bolling AFB to Andrews AFB.

Merger
In May 2005, several recommendations relating to Andrews AFB were made by the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission. The most significant was to realign Naval Air Facility (NAF) Washington, by relocating its installation management functions to Andrews AFB, thereby establishing Joint Base Andrews-Naval Air Facility Washington.

BRAC also recommended relocating several offices of the Secretary of the Air Force to Andrews from leased office space in Arlington, Virginia, thereby reducing reliance on leased floor space and increasing the security for those activities by locating them within a military installation.

Other changes included the relocation of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) headquarters from Andrews to Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, and the relocation of the Air Force Flight Standards Agency (AFFSA) and its two C-21A to Will Rogers Air National Guard Base, Oklahoma.

The merger with NAF Washington was effective from 1 October 2009, when the joint base was established, with the US Air Force being the lead organization providing management and support services for both installations.

Although sharing parallel runways, NAF Washington was originally considered a separate air installation and maintained a separate Navy/Marine Corps–unique FAA airfield identifier of NSF and an ICAO airfield identifier of KNSF. Prior to merging, these separate airfield identifiers were discontinued on 29 March 2009 and all flight operations in and out of NAF Washington now use the Andrews AFB airfield identifiers of ADW and KADW as appropriate.

On 1 October 2010; the Air Force completed the merge of the 11th Wing and the 316th. The 11th Wing became the host base organization for Joint Base Andrews.

Major commands to which assigned
First Air Force, 5 September 1942
Continental Air Forces, 17 April 1945
 Redesignated: Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946

 Military Air Transport Service, 16 November 1948
 Bolling Field Command, 8 April 1949
 Air Defense Command (Attached)
 Eastern Air Defense Force, 13 August 1950 – 1 July 1963
Military Air Transport Service, 1 August 1952
Bolling Field Command, 1 October 1957
 Redesignated: Headquarters Command, USAF, 17 March 1958
Military Airlift Command, 1 July 1976
Air Force District of Washington, 12 July 1991
Air Mobility Command, 15 July 1994
Air Force District of Washington, 22 June 2006–present

Major units assigned

394th Base HQ & Air Base Squadron, 14 July 1943 – 10 April 1944
122d AAF Base Unit, 10 April 1944 – 16 April 1945
161st AAF Base Unit, 10 April 1944 – 15 November 1945
64th AAF Base Unit, 16 April 1945 – 15 August 1947
263d AAF (later AF) Base Unit, 17 March 1946 – 23 February 1948
443d AAF (later AF) Base Unit, 25 June 1946 – 27 June 1949
HQ Strategic Air Command, 20 October 1946 – 8 November 1948
60th AAF (later AF) Base Unit, 21 October 1946 – 1 August 1948
AAF (later AF) Separation Point, 12 March 1947 – 27 October 1949
3d Combat Fighter Wing VLR, 1 April 1947 – 15 August 1957
311th Reconnaissance Wing (311th Air Division), 1 June 1947 – 19 June 1948
2d Bombardment Group, 1 July – 24 September 1947
44th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 6 September 1948
90th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 19 July 1948
98th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 24 September 1947
303d Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 6 September 1948
305th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 6 September 1948
306th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1947 – 1 August 1948
4th Fighter Wing, 15 August 1947 – 25 April 1949
33d Fighter Group, 25 August – 16 September 1947
HQ, Air Weather Service (AWS), 22 November 1948 – 22 June 1958
HQ Airborne Air Control Service (AACS), 22 November 1948 – 14 January 1958
HQ Military Air Transport Service (MATS), 1 December 1948 – 15 January 1958
1050th (later 1401st, later 1001st) Air Base Wing, 1 April 1949 – 1 July 1969
8500th Air Weather Wing, 1 September 1949 – 23 June 1951
335th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 13 August – 10 November 1950
113th Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1–16 February 1951
HQ Air Supply & Communication Service, 23 February 1951 – 1 January 1954
95th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1 November 1952 – 1 July 1963
1401st (later 1001st, later 1st) Transport (later Airlift) Squadron, 24 August 1952–present
85th Air Division, 5 September 1955 – 1 September 1958
459th Troop Carrier (Later Military Airlift, later Air Refueling) Wing, 26 January 1955–present
Aerial Port of Embarkation, 6 January 1958 – 15 February 1978
HQ Air Force Research & Development (later Systems Command), 24 January 1958 – 1 July 1992
Malcolm Grow USAF Medical Center, 1 August 1958 – 1 April 2015
 1254th Air Transport (later 89th Military Airlift, later Airlift) Wing, 10 July 1961–present
909th Troop Carrier (later Military Airlift) Group, 28 December 1962 – 1 July 1976
6th Weather Wing, 8 October 1965 – 1 August 1975
1st Air Base Wing, 1 July 1969 – 30 September 1977
76th Airlift Division, 1 March 1976 – 30 September 1977
 Redesignated: 76th Military Airlift Wing, 30 September 1977 – 16 December 1980
 Redesignated: 76th Airlift Division, 15 December 1980 – 1 October 1985
1776th Air Base Wing, 15 December 1980 – 12 July 1991
79th Medical Wing, 12 May 2006 – 1 April 2015
316th Wing, 1 June 2006 – 30 September 2010, 1 October 2020 – present
11th Wing, 1 October 2010 – 30 September 2020
Air Force District of Washington, 1 May 2007 – present
U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations Headquarters

Joint Base Andrews

The base is widely known for serving as the home base of two Boeing VC-25 aircraft which have the call sign Air Force One while the President of the United States is on board. The Boeing C-32A, which is used by the Vice President of the United States, is also based at Andrews.

The host at Andrews is the 11th Wing (11 WG), assigned to the Air Force District of Washington. The 11 WG is responsible for maintaining emergency reaction rotary-wing airlift and other National Capital Region contingency response capabilities critical to national security, and for organizing, training, equipping and deploying combat-ready forces for Air and Space Expeditionary Forces (AEFs).

See Joint Base Andrews for a list of units and aircraft now based at the installation.

Geography
Andrews Air Force Base is located at  (38.803490, −76.871508), a few miles southeast of Washington, D.C. near the town of Morningside in Prince George's County, Maryland. It is delineated as a census-designated place by the United States Census Bureau. The CDP has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.51%, is water.

There are two runways on the base; the western runway is  in length, and the eastern runway is  in length. Two additional runways have been removed, including a minor third runway between the two main runways, and a small T-shaped runway which was closed and demolished by 2008.

Demographics
For statistical purposes the base is delineated as a census-designated place (Andrews AFB CDP) by the U.S. Census Bureau. As of the 2020 census, the resident population was 3,025.

2020 census

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,925 people, 1,932 households, and 1,864 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 2,133 housing units at an average density of 311.9 sq mi (120.4/km). The racial makeup of the base was 65.3% White, 22.8% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 8.7% of the population.

There were 1,932 households, out of which 75.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 86.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 3.5% were non-families. 3.2% of all households were made up of individuals, none of whom was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.39 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 35.0% under the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 44.9% from 25 to 44, 3.6% from 45 to 64, and 0.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.0 males.

The median income for a household in the base was $44,310, and the median income for a family was $42,866. Males had a median income of $27,070 versus $27,308 for females. The per capita income for the base was $16,520. About 2.6% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.

Motor sports

On 2 May 1954, sports car races were held at the base, using a 4.3-mile (6.9 km) circuit made up of runways and other access roads.

See also
 List of United States Air Force installations
 Maryland World War II Army Airfields

References

Attribution

External links

Airports in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Prince George's County, Maryland
Census-designated places in Maryland
Installations of the United States Air National Guard
Installations of the United States Air Force
Military installations in Maryland
Military Superfund sites
Populated places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Installations of Strategic Air Command
Superfund sites in Maryland
1945 establishments in Maryland

Andrews Air Force Base


Hansjörg Rey, aka Hans "No Way" Rey (born 4 June 1966) is a pioneer in mountain bike trials and extreme mountain biking also known as Freeride /"Freeriding". Rey began riding in the late 1970's, since 1987, he has ridden exclusively on GT bikes.  In 1999, he was inducted to the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame.

Hans Rey, born and raised in Emmendingen, Germany; is a citizen of Switzerland and, since 2008, he is also a US citizen.  He lives in Laguna Beach California with his wife Carmen.

Career
Over the years he has won a large number of bike trials riding championships, including German, Swiss and USA National Champion, NORBA World Champ, Winner of the UCI World Champs, and Bike Trial Union Vice World Champ, Bronze Medal MTB Slalom Worlds, and X Games Silver Medal winner in the Trials in 1995 when the X Games were known as the ESPN Extreme Games; but since 1997, has retired from competitive sports to explore the world on his mountain bike adventures.

He is the only permanent member of the "Hans Rey Adventure Team", a quest to explore the world using his mountain bike talent always in search of something historical or mysterious.  These trips are often filmed for television and the stories have been published in magazines all over the world. He has traveled to over 70 countries and has been featured on approx. 400 magazine covers.  He has done a first descent on bikes of Mount Kenya, traversed the Sinai Desert in the footsteps of Moses, created the No Way Transalp route, searched for headhunters in Borneo, ridden the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, ridden the Roop Kund trek in the Indian Himalayas, Bike Safari in Botswana, circumnavigation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Rubicon Trail in California, searched for the mysterious Dropa tribe in China, Wadi Rum Desert in Jordan, Cuba's Sierra Maestra Mountains, Annapurna Trek in Nepal, Copper Canyon Mexico, 5 volcanos in 5 days in Ecuador, Haute Route in France/Switzerland and many more glaciers, volcanos and treks.  In 2016 Rey climbed and rode Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro back to back.

In 2017 Rey started his "Urban Adventure" series with his "TransAngeles" project, a 5-day ride across Los Angeles. Followed by TransNapoli, TransHongKong and in Oct.21 w 'Slay The Bay' in San Francisco. Most of his adventure documentaries are featured on his YouTube Channel.

Rey made a name for himself with a number of publicity stunts on this bike, like a photoshoot in gridlock traffic on the 405 Freeway near Los Angeles on top of car, bungy jumps with his bike, his wild ride on ropes down a 14-story skyscraper in New Zealand, his ride along the 600 ft. high ledge at the Cliffs of Moher and his bike dance on the volcano in Hawaii surrounded by hot lava on the edge of a boiling ocean.

Hans was one of the first to produce action videos of his trials biking and extreme biking skills, including his own VHS series from 1992 to 1996: "Hans No Way Rey", "Level Vibes", Monkey See - Monkey Do" and "Big Five".  He has also starred in movies like Tread (1994), and made guest appearances and stunt work on the TV series Pacific Blue (1995-1998).  He was also part of the closing ceremony of the 1996 Olympic Games, appeared in Willy Bogner Fire, Ice and Dynamite and White Magic films.

In 2005 Hans Rey founded Wheels4Life, a non-profit charity that provides bicycles to people in Developing Countries in need of transportation.  More info can be found wheels4life.org. By 2021 over 15,000 bicycles haD been given to students, healthcare workers and farmers in 32 countries.  Hans and his wife Carmen run the charity as volunteers along with supporters from around the world.

Sponsors: Hans Rey's sponsors include GT Bicycles - their partnership (since 1987) is one of the longest standing sponsorship relationships in the entire cycling, action sports and outdoor industry, Adidas FiveTen TERREX since 1993, Shimano since 1988, since 2017, Rey is a Shimano eBike ambassador, LUK Automotive Systems since 1992, Crank Brothers components, SR Suntour suspension, Carosello 3000, Livigno Bike Resort, Clif Bar, SQ-Lab saddles, Stans No Tubes wheels, iXS protection, Adidas Eyewear, Deuter backpacks. He was also sponsored by Swatch as part of the SwatchProTeam for 19 years.

External links
 Hans Rey Official Site
 Wheels4Life Charity

1966 births
Living people
People from Emmendingen (district)
Sportspeople from Freiburg (region)
German male cyclists
Mountain bike trials riders
Mountain bike innovators
Cyclists from Baden-Württemberg
Freeride mountain bikers
German emigrants to the United States

Hans Rey


Cangene Corporation was a biopharmaceutical company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It was founded in 1984 and specialized in hyperimmunes, contract manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals and biodefense.  Cangene was 61% owned by Canadian pharmaceutical giant Apotex and was publicly listed on the TSX under the symbol CNJ.

Business model
Cangene's business model shifted several times during its existence.  There is some consensus that the company came to rely on revenue from United States stockpiling and bioterrorism contracts and did not adequately prepare for the disappearance of this revenue.  At one point, the company attempted a shift away from contract manufacturing to research & development, but abandoned this track after about two years and subsequently moved to marketing of ready-for-launch products developed by other companies.

History
Cangene was founded in 1984 and had an employee count of 650 in 2004.  In 2009, the number of personnel in the Winnipeg facilities alone was 550, with another 100 in Cangene bioPharma, 35 in its sales force, and about 100 across its plasma collection facilities.  By the end of 2011, the overall number of employees was about 700, but significant cuts in personnel were conducted early in 2012.  Such cuts were a continuation of a set of personnel reductions which began in mid-2010.

In 2010, Cangene obtained United States distribution rights for WinRho from Baxter, which had held them since 2005.  This was in part to counter declining sales of the product under Baxter, but also as part of the corporate strategy, which called for development its own IVIG product.  As both WinRho and the newly conceived product were dependent upon human plasma as source material, Cangene expanded their plasma collection facilities in 2010.

Development of the new IVIG product was subsequently cancelled in 2012, representing a strategic turn away from R&D toward marketing in an attempt to return to profitability.  Decline in profitability had come in part due to decreased cash flow from a  bioterrorism-related program of work with the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.

In 2012, the company obtained exclusive United States distribution rights for Episil.

In 2013, the company purchased rights to development and commercialization of three drug candidates, recombinant blood clotting factors VIIa, VIII and IX, the latter of which is in clinical trials.

In February 2014, the company was acquired by Emergent BioSolutions.

Corporate governance
As of 2010, Paul Brisebois served as the company's vice president for commercial development.  At the time, the company was in the process of expanding its sales force and shifting focus from contract manufacturing to a "strategy to optimize our commercial assets."

In 2011, the company's "longtime CEO", John Langstaff of Winnipeg, resigned and leadership went to John Sedor of Philadelphia as president and CEO.

Operations
Cangene's two manufacturing and plasma collection facilities were located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.  The contract manufacturing subdivision, Celegene bioPharma, maintains facilities in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.  The sales and marketing office was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.  Most of the company's senior leadership were also based in Philadelphia by the time the company was sold in early 2014.

Products
As a result of their biodefense focus, Cangene had three products included in the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile: Heptavalent botulism antitoxin, Vaccinia immune globulin, Anthrax immune globulin.  2012 revenue from the biodefense products amounted to .  Cangene also had four approved commercial specialty products: WinRho, HepaGam B, VARIZIG, and episil.  2012 commercial product revenue was , while their contract manufacturing revenue was .

Cangene bioPharma
Cangene bioPharma is the Baltimore-based contract manufacturing division of Cangene.  As of November 2010, Cangen bioPharma had 100 employees in two facilities, and 30 customers.

From May 2008 to at least November 2010, Cangene bioPharma supplied assembled Fusilev product to Spectrum Pharmaceuticals under a supply agreement.  The agreement was slated to end in May 2013.

References

External links

Further reading

Companies based in Winnipeg
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in Manitoba
Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2014
2014 disestablishments in Manitoba

Cangene


Dieter Sauberzweig (17 November 1925 – 28 December 2005) was a prominent commentator on German cultural politics (Kulturpolitiker).

Life

Dieter Sauberzweig was born in Frankfurt (Oder), the son of Wehrmacht career officer Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig. He grew up in Berlin, Hanover and Vienna, where he graduated from high school in 1942. In the same year he was drafted into military service and served in World War II.

After the war he completed an apprenticeship in Schleswig-Holstein in 1947 and studied History, Education, Psychology and Philosophy at the University of Hamburg. Between 1950 and 1971 he worked on several radio stations as a freelancer. From 1953 he worked at the Education Foundation of the German people (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes). A year later received his doctorate in Hamburg.

In 1977 the new SPD Mayor of Berlin, Dietrich Stobbe, invited Dieter Sauberzweig to become a senator for culture in his cabinet. He remained there until a new CDU Cabinet obliged him to vacate his seat in 1981.

After 1981 Sauberzweig managed the German Institute of Urban Affairs (Deutschen Instituts für Urbanistik) in Berlin. he held this position until 1991. In 1983, he was also Honorary Professor at the University of Konstanz. From 1999 to 2002 he was curator of the Capital Cultural Fund (Hauptstadtkulturfonds).

Sauberzweig was twice married and had two children.

Awards
2001: Verdienstorden des Landes Berlin (Service Order of the State of Berlin)

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051244/https://portal.d-nb.de/opac.htm?query=Woe%3D107403250&method=simpleSearch
 Biographie von Dieter Sauberzweig (Uni Konstanz)
 Nachruf des Deutschen Instituts für Urbanistik

1925 births
2005 deaths
German military personnel of World War II
Senators of Berlin
Politicians from Berlin
20th-century German politicians
People from Frankfurt (Oder)
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Berlin

Dieter Sauberzweig


Kato (), also spelled as Kaato or Katto, is one of the traditional musical instruments of Punjab. It is used in various cultural activities specially in folk dances like Bhangra, Malwai Giddha. Kato literally means squirrel in Punjabi and named after its design similar to squirrel but used as a symbol of happiness. In Punjab, when a happy man is asked how he is? He answered, "Ajj Taan Kaato Phullan Te Aa", roughly translated to be the squirrel of his mood on flowers.

Design and playing

It is made of wood. A wooden shape of a squirrel is attached to one end of a stick the player holds the other end of the stick and pulled the ropes tied to the squirrel's mouth and tail and so the wooden squirrel functions and makes low clap sound.

See also

Dhadd
Folk Instruments of Punjab

References

Punjabi culture
Punjabi music
Folk instruments of Punjab

Kato (instrument)


On April 18, 2015, Blitzen Trapper released Live Harvest for Record Store Day.  Recorded on October 17 at the Doug Fir Lounge in Portland, Oregon at the end of the band's VII tour, Live Harvest is a song-for-song interpretation of Neil Young's 1972 album Harvest. The album was released as a 180 gram vinyl LP with a download card.  The band launched a short tour in support of the record, including stops at several City Winery locations in New York, Nashville, and Chicago, in which they played Harvest in its entirety, as well as Blitzen Trapper songs.

Blitzen Trapper's interest in Neil Young goes back before the band's inception: ""All of us have disparate tastes which comes out in our own stuff, but Neil Young is a common thread that's run through all of our lives," bassist Michael Van Pelt stated, "I remember listening to Harvest on cassette in Eric's mom's car back in high school ... It's a special record, and it gets pretty dark in spots, too. Darker than I remember."  Lead singer Eric Earley elaborated, "I think we all knew the record before we even tried to play it. It's one of those records that takes us to that place of comfort and nostalgia like The Dukes Of Hazzard or a Chevy Impala. It just feels good to play it."

Though the band had long been familiar with the original album, the conception for the cover album was spontaneous. Van Pelt said of Earley, "Eric just came in one day and said, 'Let's do Harvest at the Doug Fir,' ... We were all like, 'Yeah!'" Unusually, Earley doesn't sing lead on every song on the album; keyboardist Marty Marquis - who has sung lead on the band's song "Jericho" - performs a stripped-down version of "A Man Needs a Maid," while drummer Brian Adrian Koch performs lead duties for the first time on a Blitzen Trapper record, on "The Needle and the Damage Done."

Website Stereogum teased the release with an exclusive premiere of the song, "Heart of Gold," eight days before the album's release.  Stereogum called the track a "graceful rendition," stating that, "the band immaculately reconstructed [the song] from familiar components — the introductory wavering harmonica line, the chorus' soaring slide guitar, and even the timid barn-door drumming ... It feels good to hear it."

Reception

Review site PopMatters gave the record seven out of ten stars, stating, "Blitzen Trapper ... [has] positioned themselves as the rough hewn renegades Young ... aspired to be ... Their live take on the album comes across as a tributes of sorts, a nod to Young as the forerunner of all that's unpredictable and spontaneous when it comes to making music - i.e. the ability to defy expectations and his leave the public gasping with anticipation. That's likely one reason they don't play with the template. The arrangements remain true to the originals, sans the orchestration and cameos (Stephen Stills, James Taylor, Linda Rondstadt et. al.) that helped accentuate the original recording. Given that formula, nothing can or does go astray. Live Harvest gives a classic album new life indeed."

Site KIJIS puts the album into perspective with Blitzen Trapper's larger career, stating, "To a certain extent, Blitzen Trapper's desire to retrace Neil Young's fourth and arguably most famous album, Harvest provides some practical purpose; that is, to reestablish their Americana allegiance."

Site My San Antonio was effusive with their praise: "Portland indie band [Blitzen Trapper] may win Record Store Day with the live front-to-back recording of the classic Neil Young album."

Tour

The band announced the tour for the album on February 4, 2015, explaining that the dates performing at City Winery locations in New York, Chicago, and Nashville would feature the band playing Harvest in its entirety, while "the other shows on the tour will be traditional BT performances with a few select tunes from Harvest sprinkled into the set."  The tour ran as follows:

 April 11: Columbia, S.C. — River Rocks Festival
 April 12: Asheville, N.C. — Grey Eagle
 April 13: Indianapolis, Ind. — Radio Radio
 April 14: Chicago, Ill. — City Winery Blitzen Trapper Performs Harvest
 April 15: Columbus, — Ohio A&R Bar
 April 16: Wilmington, Del. — World Cafe Live Upstairs
 April 17: New York, N.Y. — City Winery Blitzen Trapper Performs Harvest
 April 18: Washington, D.C. — Black Cat
 April 19: Charlotte, N.C. — Visulite Theater
 April 20: Nashville, Tenn. — City Winery Blitzen Trapper Performs Harvest

Said website U of Music of the band's New York City performance, "Highlighted by Eric Earley's  energetically engaging vocal approach, guitarist Erik Menteer's colorful and distinctive slide parts ... and warm harmonies that wonderfully fell into place when needed, their interpretation was a magnificent treat for the audience whose passion surged with each song ... They captured the full passion and fury of "Alabama" and "Words" with striking instinct for both songs' heart and soul. The audience could best be described as insatiable and the band obliged by performing a rousing three song encore. The imagination, precision and passion Blitzen Trapper bring to the stage makes them a band well worth seeing."

Production credits

 Recorded live at the Doug Fir Lounge in Portland, OR, October 17, 2014
 Recorded by Nathan Vanderpool and Martin Gonzalez
 Mixed by Eric Earley and Michael Van Pelt
 Mastered by Paul Gold at Salt Mastering
 Photography by Paul Laxer

Track listing

All songs written by Neil Young.

References

2015 albums

Live Harvest


Sir Edward John Cullen FEng PhD DSc (29 October 1926 – 14 January 2018) was a British chemical engineer who was head of the UK Health and Safety Commission and received a knighthood for services to health and safety.

Life and education
Cullen was born in October 1926 in Bury St Edmonds and attended Culford School.  After service in the RAF he went to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1948, graduating in chemical engineering in 1952, followed by a master's degree in the same subject at the University of Texas as a Fulbright Scholar, returning to Cambridge to do a PhD in gas absorption.
He married Betty Hopkins in 1954, and they had four children. He died 14 January 2018.

Career
Cullen joined the research department of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority in 1956, moving to ICI, Billingham as a chemical plant manager, where he remained for three years before going to New York as technical liaison for ICI.  He returned to the UK in 1963 to oversee the building of the refinery on Teesside as a joint venture between ICI and Phillips Petroleum.  From 1967 to 1983 he joined the US company Rohm & Haas finishing as managing director of Rohm & Haas UK.

He had been particularly involved is safety at ICI and from 1979 was European Director of Rohm & Haas, responsible for engineering, regulatory affairs, health, safety and the environment.  This led to him becoming Deputy Chairman of the Chemical Industry Safety, Health & Environment Committee of the Chemical Industries Association and to being Chairman of Health & Safety Commission from 1983 until his retirement in 1993.  During this office he was responsible for overseeing the major hazards legislation COMAH and the occupational health legislation COSHH as well as dealing with major incidents such as the  Piper Alpha, King's Cross fire and Clapham Junction rail crash.

Honours
Cullen was a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, and its President 1988–9.  He was also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.  He was president of the Pipeline Industries Guild from 1996 to 1998.  In 1993 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (DSc) by the University of Exeter. He received a knighthood (Knight Bachelor) in the 1991 Birthday Honours.

References

1926 births
2018 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
British chemical engineers
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
People educated at Culford School
People from Bury St Edmunds
Health and safety in the United Kingdom

John Cullen (chemical engineer)


Duke of Talleyrand was a French noble title that was created in 1814 for the House of Talleyrand-Périgord. The title became extinct in 1968.

Creation of the title
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord was a statesman of the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th. As Minister of Foreign Affairs and Grand Chamberlain under Napoleon I, he received the title of Prince of Benevento in 1806.

At the time of the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, Talleyrand acted for the restoration of Louis XVIII and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. As Foreign Minister, he negotiated the terms of the Treaty of Paris. As compensation for his work, he received the title of Prince Talleyrand and a seat in the Chamber of Peers.

In 1815, the title was made hereditary, then attributed in 1817 to his nephew Edmond; the letters patent of the title were published in 1818, with a promise of establishment of majorat effective in 1821.

List of Dukes
1st Duke (1814-1838): Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754-1838) and Prince Talleyrand. His younger brother Archambaud de Talleyrand-Périgord (1762-1838) obtained the title Duke of Talleyrand by courtesy during the life of his brother.

2nd Duke (1838-1872): Alexander Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord (1787-1872), nephew of Prince Talleyrand and son of Archambaud de Talleyrand. Also known as Duke of Dino.

3rd Duke (1872-1898): Napoléon Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord (1811-1898), son of Edmond de Talleyrand. Known initially as Duke of Valençay.

4th Duke (1898-1910): Charles William Frederick Boson of Talleyrand-Périgord (1832-1910), son of Louis de Talleyrand. Known under his other title of Duke of Sagan.

5th Duke (1910-1937): Marie Pierre Louis Hélie of Talleyrand-Périgord (1859-1937), son of Boson de Talleyrand. Known under his other title of Prince of Sagan.

6th Duke (1937-1952): Paul Louis Marie Archambault Boson de Talleyrand Périgord (1867-1952), brother of Hélie de Talleyrand. Known as the Duke of Valençay.

7th Duke (1952-1968): Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord (1882-1968), cousin of Boson de Talleyrand, first known as "Marquis de Talleyrand ".

See also
 Duke of Dino
 Duke of Sagan

References

Dukes of Talleyrand
1814 establishments in France
1968 disestablishments in France

Duke of Talleyrand


Doomsday Machine, also known as Escape from Planet Earth (video title), is an American science fiction film filmed in 1967 but completed without the original cast or sets in 1972.

Plot

A spy (Essie Lin Chia) discovers that the Chinese government has created a doomsday device (the "key" to which, "only Chairman Mao has") capable of destroying the Earth and it will be activated in 72 hours. Soon after, Astra – a two-year return mission to Venus by the United States Space Program – has its time of launch speeded up and half of the male flight crew are replaced by women shortly before take-off, including one Russian. Shortly before blastoff military alerts are put into effect.

After leaving Earth, the seven crew members of Astra deduce that they have been put together to restart the human race should the Chinese activate their device. Shortly after this, the device goes off and Earth is destroyed.

As Astra continues to Venus, the crew realizes that a safe landing on Venus is impossible unless the crew is reduced to three. One of the crew members tries to rape another, at which point she accidentally gets them both blown out of an airlock.

Two more crew-members—Danny and Major Bronski—are lost as they head out to repair a fault with the spaceship. However, they notice another spacecraft nearby and jump to it. The second craft proves to be a lost Soviet ship that disappeared piloted by a close friend of the Russian crew member.  Though its pilot is dead, Danny and Bronski successfully power up the Soviet ship. Before the two ships can rendezvous, contact with Astra is lost.

A disembodied voice cuts in, claiming to be the collective consciousness of the Venusian population. The voice informs the survivors (whom the Venusians refer to as the "Last of Man") in the Russian ship that Astra no longer exists (presumably destroyed somehow by the telepathic Venusians), and that the ship (due to the "self-destructive" potential of humans) will be not allowed to reach Venus. It gives a cryptic message regarding the prospect of starting new life in a "very strange and very great" place, somewhere far "beyond the rim of the universe," before the ship suddenly blasts off, apparently by the power of the Venusians, and the movie abruptly concludes.

Cast
 Bobby Van as Danny
 Ruta Lee as Dr. Marion Turner
 Mala Powers as Maj. Georgianna Bronski
 James Craig as Dr. Haines
 Grant Williams as Maj. Kurt Mason
 Henry Wilcoxon as Dr. Christopher Perry
 Essie Lin Chia as Girl Spy
 Casey Kasem as Mission Control Officer
 Lorri Scott as Lt. Katie Carlson
 Denny Miller as Col. Don Price ( billed as Scott Miller )
 Mike Farrell as 1st Reporter

Production
Production of Doomsday Machine began in 1967 under Herbert J. Leder's direction under the titles Armageddon 1975 and Doomsday Plus Seven. Production stopped on the film before it was completed (presumably due to funding problems), but the rights to the film were eventually purchased and the film was completed in 1972, albeit without the original cast members, costumes or sets.

Sloppy production standards have made the film a favorite for buffs of bad cinema.  The film relies extensively on stock footage, including real (but badly degraded) NASA rocket footage, special effects shots from David L. Hewitt's The Wizard of Mars (1965; Hewitt receives a special effects credit for Doomsday Machine), Gorath (1962) and other disparate sources, leading to numerous, glaring continuity errors. Among such persistent mistakes is the external appearance of the Astra, which inexplicably changes throughout the film. The painfully protracted last segment of the movie – with an American and Russian astronaut boarding a derelict Soviet spacecraft – was obviously shot after the unfinished principal photography without the participation of the original actors. After this point, the characters stay in their spacesuits, which look different from those shown in the immediately preceding scenes, and their helmets are now opaque, concealing the doubles' faces. The characters speak, but in completely different voices than before, the Russian no longer even having an accent. The slow, repetitive pacing of this sequence is also markedly different from the rest of the film and suggests an effort to pad the film's running time out in order to reach a desired length.

In popular culture
The film was featured on Elvira's Movie Macabre.
The film was the second film riffed in the Cinematic Titanic series.
This film was reviewed by the Nostalgia Critic on Best of TGWTG Volume 3.
The film was reviewed by Bill Gibron of PopMatters.

References

External links

 http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/doomsday-machine/

1972 films
American science fiction films
1970s science fiction films
1960s science fiction films
Films about astronauts
Films directed by Herbert J. Leder
Films set in 1975
Venus in film
1960s unfinished films
1970s English-language films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
1970s American films

Doomsday Machine (film)


Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester (died circa 21 October 1204) (Latinized to de Bellomonte ("from the beautiful mountain")) was an English nobleman, the last of the Beaumont earls of Leicester. He is sometimes known as Robert FitzPernel.

Life
Robert was the eldest surviving son of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Petronilla de Grandmesnil, who was either a granddaughter or great-granddaughter of Hugh de Grandmesnil. Robert's older brother died in 1189. As a young man, he accompanied King Richard I of England on the Third Crusade, and it was while the crusading forces rested at Messina, Sicily that Robert was invested with the Earldom of Leicester on 2 February 1191, following the death of his father in 1190 at Durazzo while on his way to the Holy Land.

Robert's newly gained estates included a large part of central Normandy. He held castles at Pacy, Pont-Saint-Pierre and Grandmesnil. Earl Robert also was lord of the vast honour of Breteuil, but the family castle there had been dismantled after the 1173-1174 War. On his return from the crusade, he turned his attention to the defence of Normandy from the French. After defending Rouen from the advances of Philip II of France, he attempted to retake his castle of Pacy. He was captured by forces of the French king and remained imprisoned for 3 years. Later, King John would bestow the new fortress and lordship of Radepont (the land of Radepont was traded to King John by the seigneur du Neubourg for lands and revenues in the pays de Caux) upon the earl.

Sometime after his release in 1196, he married Loretta de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. They had no children, and Robert's death in 1204 brought the end of the Beaumont male line.

In the year of his death, Normandy was lost to the French; Earl Robert attempted to come to an independent arrangement with King Philip of France, in which he would hold his land in Normandy as a liege-vassal of the Kings of France, and his lands in England as a liege-vassal of the Kings of England. In any event, Robert died on 20 or 21 October 1204, and his large English estates were divided between the heirs of his two sisters. The eldest sister, Amice, had married the French baron Simon de Montfort, and their son, also named Simon de Montfort, inherited half the estate as well as the title of Earl of Leicester. The younger sister, Margaret, had married Saer de Quincy, and they inherited the other half. Three years later Saer was created Earl of Winchester.

References

1204 deaths
Anglo-Normans
4th Earl of Leicester
Lord High Stewards
Christians of the Third Crusade
Robert
Norman warriors
Year of birth unknown
12th-century English people
13th-century English people


The 99th Air Base Wing (99 ABW) is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Combat Command (ACC) and its ACC subordinate organization, the United States Air Force Warfare Center. It is based at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada and also serves as the host wing at Nellis.

A non-flying wing, the organization oversees the daily base operations and mission support functions of Nellis AFB such as personnel, finance, civil engineering, security and supply.

The 99 ABW is the successor organization to the World War II 99th Bombardment Group. The group moved to Algeria in May 1943, where the group and its B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft distinguished themselves while flying bombing missions against targets in Italy, Sardinia and Sicily. In December 1943, aircrews moved to Italy and conducted missions throughout Europe. Active for over 60 years, the 99th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing was part of Strategic Air Command's deterrent force during the Cold War, as a strategic reconnaissance wing.

The 99th Air Base Wing is commanded by Col. Todd Dyer. Its Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Morgan III.

Components
The wing has two groups: the 99th Medical Group and the 99th Mission Support Group. The 99th Comptroller Squadron is assigned directly to the wing.

 99th Comptroller Squadron – The mission of the 99th Comptroller Squadron is to provide professional financial management services to the organizations and individuals at Nellis.
 99th Medical Group – Provides medical care for the military community to ensure maximum wartime readiness and combat capability. The group's functions include flight medicine, surgical services, maternal and childcare, pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, dental care, medical benefits and information and diagnostic and therapeutic services.
 99th Medical Support Squadron
 99th Operational Medical Readiness Squadron
 99th Healthcare Operations Squadron
 99th Dental Squadron
 99th Inpatient Squadron
 99th Surgical Squadron
 99th Mission Support Group – Provides civil engineer, communications, contracting, logistics readiness, personnel and services support for Nellis and Creech AFB
 99th Civil Engineer Squadron – Provides maintenance, repair, design and construction support for facilities and infrastructure, fire protection and crash rescue, disaster preparedness, military family housing, environmental compliance and explosive ordnance disposal.
 99th Communications Squadron – Programs, operates and maintains the base computer networks and telecommunications systems.
 99th Contracting Squadron – Executes the base central acquisition and contract performance management program.
 99th Logistics Readiness Squadron – Provides motor vehicle operations and maintenance, traffic management and supply orders.
 99th Force Support Squadron – Includes military and civilian personnel, education services, enlisted professional education and family support. The squadron also provides services for lodging, food services, club management, laundry, mortuary affairs, base honor guard, base library and recreational activities.
 99th Security Forces Squadron – Provides security, law enforcement services and force protection for Nellis and Creech AFB.

History

World War II

On 25 September 1942, the 99th Bombardment Group (Heavy) was activated at Gowan Field AAF near Boise, Idaho. The 99th consisted of the 346th, 347th, 348th, and 416th Bomb squadrons. Due to congestion at Gowan Field, the 99th was relocated to Walla Walla AAF, in Washington.

During October, the 99th received twelve flight leaders with crews, and four B-17 Flying Fortress bombers. During the first phase of training, the 99th received six more B-17s. The winter weather in Washington was not favorable for flying, so the 99th relocated to Sioux City AAB, Iowa for the second phase of training. By the middle of November, the 99th had acquired about seventy five percent of its ground and support personnel. The third phase of training took place at Smokey Hill AAF, Salina, Kansas in January 1943.

After completion of training, the 99th departed the United States at Morrison Field, Florida in February. The 99th B-17s flew the southern route via Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico; Georgetown, British Guiana; Belém, Brazil; Bathurst, the Gambia; to their destination at Marrakech, Morocco. The ground and support personnel and equipment made the journey by ship.

Upon arrival in North Africa, the 99th was assigned to was attached to the 5th Bombardment Wing of Twelfth Air Force, and was stationed at Navarin, located near Constantine, Algeria. The group came to be referred to as the Diamondbacks, due to a diamond insignia painted on the vertical stabilizer of their B-17s.

The 99th flew its first combat mission on 31 March against an enemy airdrome at Villacidro, Sardinia. As Allied ground forces forced the German Afrika Korps to retreat into Tunisia, the 99th flew missions to cut off German supplies coming from Italy and Sicily. For the rest of 1943, the 99th flew missions primarily across the Mediterranean to bomb targets in Sicily and Italy. In June, news of a possible Arab uprising had the men of the 99th nervous and wearing side arms at all times. Although a major uprising never occurred, there were acts of sabotage; including a small night time German paratrooper drop over Oudna Field, Tunisia that resulted in the capture of three Germans.

Summer dust storms made life miserable. On 5 July the group bombed an airfield at Gerbini, Sicily. An estimated one hundred enemy fighters made repetitive and fierce attacks, trying to turn the 99th back. The group however penetrated enemy defenses, and destroyed the airfield. For this mission, the 99th received its first Distinguished Unit Citation. On 9 July, the group flew missions in support of the Allied invasion of Sicily. The first Allied air attack on Rome took place on 14 July. Great care was taken by the 99th to avoid dropping any bombs on the Vatican City.

On 1 November 1943, the four B-17 groups of the 5th Wing and two B-24 groups of the Ninth Air Force were combined with two fighter groups to form the new Fifteenth Air Force. On its first day of existence, the 15th flew a 1,600-mile round trip to bomb the Messerschmitt aircraft factory at Wiener Neustadt, Austria. With the Allied advancement up the boot of Italy, it was decided to relocate the 5th Wing there in order to bring more Axis targets within reach of the bombers. Each group was assigned a base on the Foggia plains, the 99th being stationed at Tortorella Airfield. The planes arrived at their new base in December 1943. Living conditions at Tortorella were very harsh. The summers were hot and dusty, the winters cold and wet. Buildings were few, and airplane maintenance crews worked out in the open. The men lived in tents using homemade gasoline stoves for heat. The men constantly had to struggle through mud and water, snow and ice, or choking dust, depending on the season.

Throughout 1944, the 99th bombed targets in German-occupied Italy, Germany, Austria, Greece, Bulgaria, France, Romania, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Two more B-17 groups, the 463rd and 483rd, would be added to the 5th Wing in March 1944. On 23 April the group bombed an aircraft factory at Weiner Neustadt, Austria. The 99th was the lead group on this mission. The flak was intense, and aggressive fighter opposition was encountered but no planes were lost. Despite the heavy opposition, the 99th made a highly successful bomb run. Thirty-one of the group's airplanes returned to base, riddled with flak and bullet holes. For this mission, the 99th received its second Distinguished Unit Citation.

During the last half of May, rumors were going around that "something big" was in the works. The rumors became fact at 2:00 am on the morning of 2 June, when it was made known that the group was going to bomb a railroad yard at Debrecen, Hungary, and fly on to land at Poltava, Russia in the Ukraine. This shuttle bombing exercise was labelled Operation Frantic. At the briefing, the aircrews were told that "One hundred thirty-million Americans will look upon you today and you are their representatives in a land where you will be the first American combat men."  The bombing that day was excellent, and no flak or enemy fighters were encountered. The 99th became the first task force of the USAAF to land on Russian soil. The first three days in Russia were non-operational. The men of the 99th spent their time sightseeing and making friends with the Russians. The Russian civilians cheered and saluted the "Americanyetts."  On 6 June, the 99th flew a mission from Poltava, to bomb the German airfield at Galați, Romania. After landing back at Poltava, the men of the 99th learned that the Allies had invaded Europe on the beaches of France. On 11 June, the 99th took off to bomb a German airfield at Focşani, Romania. They continued on to land back at Tortorella. The first shuttle mission to Russia was deemed to be a success.

Operation Dragoon, the invasion of Southern France, began on 15 August. The group flew missions on the 13th and 14th, destroying German gun emplacements and lines of communication near Toulon, France. The mission of the 15th, was in direct support of Allied invasion forces. The invasion of Southern France got little media attention because it had been overshadowed by the Normandy invasion on 6 June.

In April 1945, the 99th supported the Allied offensive in the Po Valley. It flew its 395th, and last, combat mission on 26 April 1945. Heavy clouds prevented the target from being sighted so no bombs were dropped.

The group flew a total of 10,855 combat sorties in eighteen months of operation. The group was inactivated in Italy on 8 November 1945. It flew 395 combat missions; 69 aircraft were lost.

Strategic Reconnaissance from 1953

The unit was reactivated as the 99th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing (99th SRW) in January 1953, replacing the Pennsylvania Air National Guard's 111th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at Fairchild AFB, Washington, which was activated during the Korean War. The 99th SRW was assigned to the Strategic Air Command's Fifteenth Air Force, 57th Air Division. Its operational squadrons were the 346th, 347th and 348th Reconnaissance squadrons, assuming the RB-29 aircraft of the departing 111th.

Beginning in the last quarter 1952, the wing began receiving the RB-36 reconnaissance version of the B-36 Peacemaker intercontinental bomber at Fairchild AFB in Spokane Washington. The wing performed worldwide photographic, electronic, and visual day and night strategic reconnaissance as its primary mission until late 1954, and until September 1956 as a secondary mission.

From January 1955 to February 1956, the wing participated in the FICON (FIghter CONveyor) project, which was a project to extend the range of reconnaissance jets by having them operate as parasites from B-36 bombers.  Starting in 1955, the wing began to receive ten GRB-36Ds, which had been modified with equipment to stow, service, release, and retrieve Republic RF-84K Thunderflash aircraft assigned to the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron of the 71st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at nearby Larson Air Force Base, Washington. Carrier aircraft retained their electronic reconnaissance equipment, but this was relocated aft of the bomb bays to accommodate the parasite jets.  Within two years, SAC phased out all its fighter type aircraft and FICON ended.

On 16 June 1954 the wing, along with SAC's other B-36 reconnaissance wings were assigned bombing as their primary mission. However, they retained their designations as reconnaissance wings until 1956. The wing deployed its B-36s to Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, January–April 1956. The wing was reassigned to the Eighth Air Force's 57th Air Division on 4 September 1956.

Bombardment 1956–74

On 4 September 1956, the wing moved to Westover AFB, Massachusetts, and was redesignated the 99th Bombardment Wing, Heavy on 1 October. Its B-36s were being phased out of the inventory, and the 99th soon began receiving the new B-52C Stratofortress. The wing flew the B-52Cs until the latter half of the 1960s when their B-52Cs were redistributed among a number of different B-52D units and operated primarily as crew trainers. The 99th was upgraded to the B-52D in 1966, while still keeping several B-52Cs until they were retired in 1971. During the Vietnam War, the B-52Ds of the 99th were routinely deployed in rotations to combat duty in Southeast Asia, finally returning to Westover in 1973. During the Christmas 1972 "Linebacker II" bombing of Hanoi, two 99th Bombardment Wing crews were shot down, several crew members were killed in action and the remaining crew members were returned from POW status, with the exception of USAF Chief Master Sergeant Arthur Vincent McLaughlin, Jr., gunner. CMSgt McLaughlin was tail gunner on a B-52D, (tail number 56-0622, call sign "Orange 03"). His body nor any DNA has to date been recovered and he is still officially listed as UNACCOUNTED FOR/MIA, and under Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) is listed as Active Pursuit. (REFERENCES: https://dpaa-mil.sites.crmforce.mil/dpaaProfile?id=a0Jt00000001UbgEAE and
https://www.pownetwork.org/bios/m/m188.htm)

In 1956, the 99th also received the new KC-135 Stratotanker and began its refueling mission. In January 1966, it added air refueling capability to its mission. The KC-135 tanker squadron also operated Boeing EC-135s in a Post-Attack Command Control System role until April 1970. In the late 1960s through early 1972 the 99th Air Refueling Squadron maintained several aircraft on Satellite Alert at Otis AFB, Massachusetts. Beginning in 1967, all wing tactical and maintenance assets, and some support resources, were rotated for various periods to USAF units engaged in Southeast Asian combat operations; these deployments continued until the wing inactivated on 31 March 1974.

Training and air base wing from 1995
The 99th was redesignated the 99th Strategic Weapons Wing and activated at Ellsworth AFB, South Dakota, in August 1989 as a non-flying unit. At Ellsworth, the wing conducted tactics and development evaluation and trained combat crews in strategic bombing and electronic warfare at the Strategic Training Route Complex. Redesignated the 99th Tactics and Training Wing on 1 September 1991 at Ellsworth AFB, the Tactics and Training Wing were assigned to Strategic Air Command and later reassigned to the USAF Fighter Weapons Center on 31 May 1992 at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

Major reorganizations and name changes occurred until September 1995, when the 99th Wing inactivated and was reactivated at Nellis as the 99th Air Base Wing on 1 October 1995.

A July 2009 inspection conducted by the Air Force Audit Agency found the wing had improperly stored 52 classified nuclear-related items in a 57th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron hangar. The wing has since corrected the deficiency.

Lineage
99th Bombardment Group
 Constituted as the 99th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
 Activated on 1 June 1942
 Constituted as the 99th Bombardment Group, Heavy on 29 September 1944
 Inactivated on 8 November 1945
 Redesignated 99th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 13 May 1947
 Activated in the Reserve on 29 May 1947
 Inactivated on 27 June 1949
 Consolidated with the 99th Bombardment Wing as the 99th Bombardment Wing on 31 January 1984

99th Air Base Wing
 Constituted as the 99th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, Heavy and activated on 1 January 1953
 Redesignated 99th Bombardment Wing, Heavy on 1 October 1955
 Inactivated on 31 March 1974
 Consolidated with the 99th Bombardment Group on 31 January 1984
 Redesignated 99th Strategic Weapons Wing on 22 June 1989
 Activated on 10 August 1989
 Redesignated 99th Tactics and Training Wing on 1 September 1991
 Redesignated 99th Wing on 15 June 1993
 Redesignated 99th Air Base Wing on 1 October 1995

Assignments
 Third Air Force, 1 June 1942
 Second Air Force, c. 29 June 1942
 5th Bombardment Wing (later, 5 Bombardment Wing, Heavy), c. 22 February 1943
 Army Service Forces, 2–8 November 1945
 19th Bombardment Wing, Very Heavy (later, 19 Air Division, Bombardment), 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
 57th Air Division, 1 January 1953
 Attached to 3d Air Division, 29 January-25 Apr 1956
 817th Air Division, 2 July 1969
 45th Air Division, 30 June 1971 – 31 March 1974
 12th Air Division, 10 August 1989
 Strategic Warfare Center, 31 July 1990
 Strategic Air Command, 1 September 1991
 USAF Fighter Weapons Center (later USAF Weapons and Tactics Center), 1 June 1992 – present

Stations

 Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, 1 June 1942
 MacDill Field, Florida, 1 June 1942
 Pendleton Field, Oregon, 29 June 1942
 Gowen Field, Idaho, 28 August 1942
 Walla Walla Army Air Field, Washington, 30 September 1942
 Sioux City Army Air Base, Iowa, 18 November 1942 – 3 January 1943
 Navarin Airfield, Algeria 22 February 1943 –  25 March 1943

 Oudna Airfield, Tunisia, 4 August 1943
 Tortorella Airfield, Italy, 11 December 1943
 Marcianise Airfield, Italy, c. 27 October – 8 November 1945
 Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington, 1 January 1953
 Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts, 4 September 1956 – 31 March 1974
 Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 10 August 1989 – 15 June 1993
 Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, 1 October 1995 –

Components
Groups
 99th Operations and Maintenance (later, 99th Operations): 1 September 1991 – 21 September 1995.
 99th Combat Support :  2 January 1968 – 31 March 1974

Squadrons
 25th Strategic Training Squadron: 10 August 1989 – 1 September 1991
 99th Air Refueling Squadron: 1 January 1966 – 30 September 1973
 346th Bombardment (later, 346th Strategic Reconnaissance; 346th Bombardment) Squadron 1 June 1942 – 8 November 1945; 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949; 1 January 1953 – 31 March 1974
 347th Bombardment (later, 347th Strategic Reconnaissance; 347th Bombardment) Squadron: 1 June 1942 – 8 November 1945; 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949; 1 January 1953 – 1 September 1961 (detached 1 January-12 Sep 1953 and 15–31 August 1961)
 348th Bombardment (later, 348th Strategic Reconnaissance; 348th Bombardment) Squadron: 1 June 1942 – 8 November 1945; 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 1 January 1953 – 30 September 1973
 416th Bombardment Squadron: 1 June 1942 – 8 November 1945; 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949

See also

 List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force

References

Bibliography

 Mixer, Ronald E., Genealogy of the Strategic Air Command, Battermix Publishing Company, 1999
 Mixer, Ronald E., Strategic Air Command, An Organizational History, Battermix Publishing Company, 2006

Further reading
 Jacobsen, Meyers K. (1997). Convair B-36: A Comprehensive History of America's "Big Stick". Schiffer Military History, .

 99th Bomb Group Historical Society (1998). The Diamondbacks: The History of the 99th Bomb Group (H). Turner Publishing Company,

External links
 Air Force Historical Research Agency
 Fact Sheets : 99th Air Base Wing : 99th Air Base Wing
 Nellis AFB Home Page
 Lt. Col. Harold W. Moll
 The Raid on Gerbini

0099
Military units and formations in Nevada

99th Air Base Wing


Signals and slots is a language construct introduced in Qt for communication between objects which makes it easy to implement the observer pattern while avoiding boilerplate code. The concept is that GUI widgets, and other objects, can send signals containing event information which can be received by other objects using special member functions known as slots. This is similar to C/C++ function pointers, but the signal/slot system ensures the type-correctness of callback arguments.

The signal/slot system fits well with the way graphical user interfaces are designed. Similarly, the signal/slot system can be used for other non-GUI usages, for example asynchronous I/O (including sockets, pipes, serial devices, etc.) event notification or to associate timeout events with appropriate object instances and methods or functions. It is easy to use and no registration/deregistration/invocation code need to be written, because Qt's metaobject compiler (MOC) automatically generates the needed infrastructure.

A spreadsheet programs update system could be implemented using signals and slots such that when a cell is changed, its dependent cells are notified/updated.

Alternative implementations

There are some implementations of signal/slot systems based on C++ templates, which don't require the extra metaobject compiler, as used by Qt, such as libsigc++, sigslot, vdk-signals, nano-signal-slot, neosigslot, Signals, boost.signals2, Synapse, Cpp::Events, Platinum, JBroadcaster and KDBindings. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) languages such as C# also supports a similar construct although with a different terminology and syntax: events play the role of signals, and delegates are the slots. Another implementation of signals exists for ActionScript 3.0, inspired by C# events and signals/slots in Qt. Additionally, a delegate can be a local variable, much like a function pointer, while a slot in Qt must be a class member declared as such. The C based GObject system also provides similar functionality via GSignal.
In D it is implemented by std.signals.

See also
 Observer pattern
 Signal programming
 Delegate (CLI)

Libraries
Java: sig4j - multi-threaded, type-safe, based on the FunctionalInterface annotation introduced in Java 8.

C++: vdk-signals - thread-safe, type-safe, written in C++11 with atomic variables.

References

Qt (software)

Signals and slots


The Waterloo Cup was a coursing event organised by the National Coursing Club. The three-day event was run annually at Great Altcar in Lancashire, England from 1836 to 2005 and it used to attract tens of thousands of spectators to watch and gamble on the coursing matches. It was founded by The 2nd Earl of Sefton and, originally, was supported by his patronage.

It was the biggest annual hare coursing event in the United Kingdom and was often referred to by its supporters as the blue riband event of the coursing year. A hare coursing event of identical name was held in Australia from 1868 to 1985, at which point it became a lure coursing event.

Run as a knock-out tournament between sixty four coursing greyhounds from Great Britain and Ireland, supporters described it as the ultimate test of a greyhound but opponents of hare coursing, such as the League Against Cruel Sports, saw it as a celebration of cruelty. The Hunting Act 2004, which came into force just after the 2005 cup, made hare coursing events illegal in England and Wales, and the Waterloo Cup has not taken place since.

History

The Waterloo Cup was the premier event in the coursing calendar and known as the 'blue ribbon of the leash'. It was inaugurated in 1836 by Mr William Lynn, proprietor of the Waterloo Hotel in Liverpool's Ranelagh Street. Encouraged by the extra trade generated by the Waterloo Cup, the Liverpool entrepreneur turned his attention to the Turf the following year and organised the first running of the Grand Liverpool Steeplechase, known as the Grand National since 1839.

The first winner of the Waterloo Cup was a bitch named Milanie, owned by Lord Molyneux, the eldest son of the Earl of Sefton on whose land the contest was run on the plains of Altcar. In addition to stakes of £16, Lord Molyneux won a trophy in the form of a silver snuff box.

The first supreme champion in the sport of coursing was Lord Lurgan's greyhound Master McGrath who won the Waterloo Cup on three occasions, 1868, 1869 & 1871. The dog became a household name in Britain and such was his fame that Queen Victoria commanded his appearance at Windsor Castle. Master McGrath set the standard by which all proceeding greyhounds would be judged. The great Master McGrath's record was finally eclipsed by Colonel North's greyhound "Fullerton" who recorded four consecutive victories in the Waterloo Cup between 1889 and 1892.

In later years the event has been championed by Newmarket trainer Sir Mark Prescott.

The 2005 event, held on 1416 February, was eventually won by a dog called Shashi, bred by Ernest Smith, and owned by him with Albert Shackcloth and Michael Darnell. Trained at Malton, North Yorkshire by the Jonathan Teal, the winner beat Hardy Admiral, owned by Diana Williams, in the final. The event was memorably filmed by Paul Yule for the documentary The Last Waterloo Cup, subsequently shown on the BBC.

Past winners

 * Cup divided
 + Substituted event called the Victory Cup

See also
Master McGrath

References

Greyhound coursing competitions in the United Kingdom
1836 establishments in England
2005 disestablishments in England

Waterloo Cup


George Merriam (; January 20, 1803 –  June 22, 1880) was an American publisher. With his brother Charles, he founded G. and C. Merriam, which would eventually become Merriam-Webster, Inc.

The Merriam family were printers, book manufacturers, and booksellers in Worcester County in the latter part of the 18th century. George worked on his father's farm in West Brookfield until he was age 15, then entered his uncle Ebenezer's West Brookfield printing office as an apprentice, and on reaching his majority became a partner. In 1831 he moved to Springfield with his brother Charles, and established in 1832 the publishing house of G. and C. Merriam. Their earliest publications were law books, editions of the Bible, and school books. After the death of Noah Webster, the lexicographer, the Merriams purchased the right of future publication of Webster's Dictionary.

References

1803 births
19th-century births
1880 deaths
American publishers (people)
Businesspeople from Worcester, Massachusetts
People from West Brookfield, Massachusetts
19th-century American businesspeople

George Merriam


The College of Health Sciences of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology comprises the Faculties of Allied Health Sciences, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in tropical medicine (KCCR). It attained the status of a college by a change in the University Statutes that came into being in January 2005. Prior to this time, the components of the college existed separately as the Faculty of Pharmacy and School of Medical Sciences.

Provost's Office
 Provost - Professor Christian Agyare
 Registrar - H.H Akosah
 College Accountant - Johnson Owusu
 College Librarian - Victor Teye
 Assistant Registrar - Ida Saeed
 Administrative Assistant -Nana Yeboah

Faculties & Departments
Source:

Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
The Allied Health Faculty consist of:
 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology
 Department of Nursing
 Department of Sports and Exercise Science
 Department of Sonography

Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
 Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy
 Department of Herbal Medicine
 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
 Department of Pharmaceutics
 Department of Pharmacognosy
 Department of Pharmacology

School of Medicine and Dentistry
The School of Medicine and Dentistry was created to train Physicians, Medical Scientists and Medical Laboratory Technologists. Students enrolled take a 3-year course upon successful completion they are awarded a BSc in Human Biology. An additional 3-year program continues for the MBCHB or the BDS. At present, the School concentrates on training Physicians at the undergraduate level, and Medical Scientists at the postgraduate levels. The School is involved in the training of postgraduate doctors for the professional membership and fellowship certification of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons and the West African Postgraduate Medical College

The Medical School consist of the following:
 Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
 Department of Anatomy
 Department of Behavioural Sciences
 Department of Child Health
 Department of Clinical Microbiology
 Department of Community Health
 Department of EENT
 Department of Medicine
 Department of Molecular Medicine
 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
 Department of Pathology
 Department of Physiology
 Department of Radiology
 Department of Surgery

School of Veterinary Medicine
The School of Veterinary Medicine, was also establishment in 2009. It consist of:
 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology
 Veterinary Pathology
 Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
 Veterinary Public Health, Food Hygiene and Food Safety
 Veterinary Clinical Studies

Research
 Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research into Tropical Medicine

References

Dental schools
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Medical schools in Ghana

College of Health Sciences (KNUST)