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Erotic spanking is the act of spanking another person for the sexual arousal or gratification of either or both parties. The intensity of the act can vary in both its duration and severity, and may include the use of one or more spanking implements (such as the wooden spoon or cane). Activities range from a spontaneous smack on bare buttocks during sexual activity to sexual roleplaying, such as ageplay or domestic discipline. Erotic spanking is often found within and associated with BDSM, however the activity is not exclusive to it. The term spankee is commonly used within erotic spanking to refer to the individual receiving a spanking.

History

Pre 19th century
One of the earliest depictions of erotic spanking is found in the Etruscan Tomb of the Whipping from the fifth century BC.

Early sex manuals such as the Indian Kama Sutra (circa 400 BC), Indian Koka Shastra (ca. 1150 AD) and Arabic The Perfumed Garden (ca. 1400 AD) have among their recommendations the use of spanking to enhance sexual arousal.

19th century
An increase in interest in erotic spanking can be observed during the 19th century in the form of spanking literature and spanking photography, particularly in France and the United Kingdom. Numerous limited edition spanking novels were published, many of which are now classified as novellas.

Early 20th century

This interest for spanking (both in regards to literature and photography) followed into the next century, with the early 20th century being considered the "Golden Age" of spanking literature. This period of spanking literature is marked by three notable characteristics. First, greater audiences were reached with the availability of less expensive editions and greater print runs. Second, many of the spanking novels contained numerous illustrations (many of which have fallen under public domain and are easily available online). Third, this period saw a gradual increase in the output and publication of spanking literature, growing particularly within the 1920s and peaking within the 1930s. Much of the output of spanking literature during this period was by French publishers, writers and illustrators. Similarly, within the context of spanking photography, France was also the home to the creation of much content, with the most notable studios being the Biederer Studio and the Ostra Studio. This "Golden Age" of spanking literature (and French spanking photography) came to an end as a result of the Second World War, more specifically due to the German occupation of France between 1940 and 1944 and later the enforcement of censorship laws. A somewhat notable exception to the decline of spanking literature during this period was John Willie's bondage Bizarre magazine (published between 1946 and 1959).

Of the many French works from the "Golden Age" few at the time were translated into other languages within which spanking literature was popular, namely English and German, but beginning during the mid-1960s a number of these French works were translated into English and published, along with these works being republished in French and older British works also being republished. The occurrence of this was facilitated by the availability of mass-produced paperbacks and changes in censorship laws.

Late 20th century
During the latter half of the 20th century changes in both censorship laws and improvements within technology enabled greater accessibility for those interested in obtaining content related to erotic spanking.

As an extension of the earlier developments within spanking literature and photography, during this period various fetish magazines devoted to stories and imagery of erotic spanking became legally available.

This period also saw an important development in both the production and consumer accessibility of erotic spanking films. Whilst recordings of erotic spanking had been produced as early as the 1920s, until the 1980s technology limited the quality of their recording and the ability for consumers to easily watch them. In addition to changes in censorship laws, the introduction of the videocassette recorder enabled creators to produce and distribute erotic spanking films that were far easier for consumers to both obtain and watch.

21st century
The proliferation of the internet has enabled individuals, of various level of pre-existing interest and/or knowledge, more ease then ever to explore and consume content relating to erotic spanking.

Partially developing from earlier erotic spanking magazine and video producers, numerous pornographic websites (primary American or British based) within the 21st century are devoted to producing spanking films of various lengths and about various scenarios.

The internet has also resulted in the creation of various blogs which discuss the topic of erotic spanking and non-profit websites which publish erotic spanking stories.

Practice

Implements
Whilst a spanking may be simply given with the palm of the hand, the use of spanking implements is common within erotic spanking. Spanking implements which are commonly used within erotic spanking are a reflection of the traditional spanking implements that were/are used in corporal punishment more broadly. Common and traditional spanking implements include those which have been specifically manufactured for such purpose (i.e. the cane, paddle, strap, tawse and martinet) and those which have been adapted/improvised from available items (such as the slipper, wooden spoon, hairbrush, carpet beater, riding crop, switch and birch). Other less common and atypical spanking implements include the (handle of a) feather duster (common, however, in China), fly swatter and stinging nettles.

Some spanking implements can be characterised as being either 'stingy' or 'thuddy'. Stingy implements (such as a cane) produce a sharp and quick burning sensation which is mostly felt on the skin. Thuddy implements (such as a paddle), in contrast, whilst not producing a stinging sensation penetrate deeper into tissue of the buttocks. As a general rule, the heavier a spanking implement is the greater thud it will produce. A person receiving an erotic spanking may have a preference for either a stingy or thuddy sensation.

Safety
For safety, during a spanking, particularly with spanking implements, care should be taken to avoid striking the tailbone and hipbones.

Apparatuses
Erotic spanking can include the use of apparatuses, both those which are adapted/improvised and those which are specifically created for such use.

The use of adapted/improvised apparatuses within erotic spanking derives from how such apparatuses were used in non-erotic spanking. The gymnastic vaulting-buck (which sees the receiver of the spanking bent-over it) was often employed during non-erotic school slipperings and canings; consequently erotic spanking, particularly that which involves school roleplay, may incorporate use of a vaulting-buck.

A spanking bench or spanking horse is a piece of erotic furniture explicitly created for erotic spanking. It is used to position a spankee on, with or without restraints. They come in many sizes and styles, the most popular design of which is similar to a sawhorse (used in woodworking) with a padded top and rings for restraints. The 19th-century British dominatrix Mrs. Theresa Berkley became famous for her invention of the Berkley Horse, a similar form of BDSM apparatus.

Fetish wear
Often erotic spanking will be combined with sexual roleplay which may see one or more party dress-up in certain clothing, for example a female spankee wearing a schoolgirl uniform in a Teacher – Student scenario.

A spank skirt or spanking skirt is a skirt that has an additional opening in back designed to expose the buttocks. While the name spank skirt suggests the intention that the wearer be spanked "bare bottom" without removing or repositioning the skirt, this item may be worn for reasons other than spanking (for instance, exposure). Considered fetish wear, these kind of skirts are typically tight-fitting and made of fetishistic materials (such as leather, PVC or latex). Regardless of the gender of the wearer, spank skirts are usually considered female attire. The male gender role equivalent might be motorcycle chaps (a.k.a. "assless chaps").

Self-spanking

Self-spanking is the practice in which the individual spanks themselves, thus making the spankee and the spanker one and the same. This can occur for a number of reasons: the individual is experimenting with spanking; the individual may lack someone (who is willing and the spankee is comfortable with doing so) to give them a spanking; the individual spank themselves during masturbation; the individual is a submissive in a BDSM relationship and is self-spanking on orders of the dominant partner.

Psychology and prevalence
A number of explanations have been put forward to account why an individual may enjoy erotic spanking, although there is almost certainly no universal explanation. Interest and gratification in spanking varies per the individual: an individual may gain gratification in spanking another and gain no gratification in being spanked themself; an individual may gain gratification in being spanked and gain no gratification in spanking another; an individual may gain gratification in both spanking another and being spanked themself.

A scientific survey of 152 people who claimed to practice sadomasochism — of which spanking is a subset — categorised the origin of such interest to be either extrinsic (i.e. the interest originating from a source external to the person) or intrinsic (i.e. emerged naturally). 22% of those surveyed reported origins that were categorised by researchers as extrinsic, such as parental discipline or being introduced to sadomasochism in adulthood by another. In contrast, 78% reported intrinsically having such an interest. Most commonly an intrinsic interest was reported to have emerged in either childhood or adolescence (though at such age the interest was not necessarily sexualised); a small sub-group reported that only in adulthood did they accept or acknowledge what they now recognise to be an intrinsic interest. The majority of those that reported an intrinsic interest were unable to explain the origin of such interest.

From the same scientific survey as above, a third of testimonies reported enjoying receiving pain as to why they practiced sadomasochism; researchers noted that practitioners commonly stressed the difference between "bad" and "good" pain. Interpersonal power (either through giving or exchanging power) was also a commonly reported reason as to why people practice sadomasochism, and researchers noted that this taking place with a trusted partner was a recurring specified need.

Journalist Jillian Keenan has argued that spanking fetishism is a form of sexual orientation, which should not be considered a mental illness. Whilst there has been an increasing ability to talk openly about erotic spanking within mainstream society, individuals may still find it difficult to express that they have an interest in erotic spanking.

See also

 Algolagnia
 BDSM
 Christian domestic discipline
 Dominatrix
 Impact play
 Louis Malteste – spanking artist
 Male dominance (BDSM)
 Sadism and masochism in fiction

References
Notes

Further reading
 Koetzle, Michael. 1000 Nudes: A History of Erotic Photography from 1839-1939. Taschen, 2005.
 Lady Green, The Compleat Spanker. Greenery Press, 2000. .
 Marcus, Steven. The Other Victorians. Basic Books, 1966.
 Swinburne, Charles Algernon. The Works of Charles Algernon Swinburne. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1995.

External links

 The Spanking Art Wiki – relaunched
 Biblio Curiosa Wiki (Italian)
 Basics of Erotic Spanking

BDSM
Paraphilias
Sexual acts
Spanking

Erotic spanking


Brooklyn Park Library is a branch of Hennepin County Library serving Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, United States.  The current facility opened in June 2016, replacing an earlier library building at 8600 Zane Avenue North that opened in 1976.   Prior to that the area was served by Hennepin County Library's bookmobile.

History
The previous Brooklyn Park Library was designed by Setter, Leach and Lindstrom.  Built at a cost of $814,651, the library was  and was renovated in 1999.

In November 2013, Hennepin County Board approved construction plans for a new library in Brooklyn Park at the northeast intersection of 85th Avenue and West Broadway. The new building, set to open in 2016, will more than double the size of the current space to better meet  the growing community's needs. Feedback from the public regarding their vision of the new library was received through a survey and a series of community meetings. Costs are budgeted at $23.5 million. Designed by Hammel Green and Abrahamson Architects & Engineers,  and measuring 39,000 square feet, the new building will include a children's interactive zone, a tech studio and several reading lounges. The children's area has been designed in collaboration with Minnesota Children's Museum and will invite families to linger and enjoy reading, learning and playing at the library. Patrons will be able to experience the library as living room for the community: it will include an open floor plan to facilitate interactions among patrons. The new library incorporates the State of Minnesota's Sustainable Building Guidelines.

Community
A reflection of the growing population and cultural plurality of Brooklyn Park and adjacent cities, three themes will anchor the new library: STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and math); world culture; and geography. A look at the primary home language for residents in Brooklyn Park reflects the growth and change in the city: 24% speak a language other than English. A total of 42 different languages are spoken in 11 elementary schools in the city, including Spanish, Hmong, Vietnamese, Creolized English, Lao and a combination of other Liberian languages. Currently, the library's holdings include materials in Hmong, Spanish and Vietnamese.

Art at the library
Bruce E. Nygren, a Minneapolis-based painter, created a mural in children's area at the Zane Avenue location. It depicted a reflecting pool made up of familiar objects in playful juxtaposition. Included were an elephant standing atop a stack of books, a penguin riding a car, pears larger than trucks, and a monkey sitting in the middle. Installed in 2004, it was  long and invited patrons reflect on Nygren's use of the horizon line.

The Hennepin County Library system commissioned two public art pieces for the Brooklyn Park Library's new building. One project was a bike rack sculpture created by Greg Mueller of Mueller Studio. The other piece was a lenticular mural titled Sectio Aurea, which was designed by Norman Lee and Shane Allbritton of RE:site Studio, printed by PolyVision, and installed by Metalab.

Programming at the library
Homework tutors are available several days a week in the afternoons. A meeting room is also available for patrons' use. Family and Baby Storytimes, Teen Tech Workshops, Adult Homework Help, Learn Together events for K-3 students, and Senior Surf Day are examples of popular programs. Friends of the Brooklyn Park Library actively support the library through book sales, volunteering, and fundraising, in addition to being the voice of the library in the community.

References

1976 establishments in Minnesota
Brooklyn Park, Minnesota
Hennepin County Library
Libraries in Minnesota

Brooklyn Park Library


Sean Slater is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Robert Kazinsky, who made his first appearance on 22 August 2006. Sean's existence was revealed on 9 December 2005 when his sister Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) returns to Walford after their mother, Jean (Gillian Wright), attempts suicide.

It was announced on 18 January 2008 that Kazinsky would be leaving the show, and he made his final appearance on 1 January 2009. He returned for a brief stint on 26 April 2019, and departed again on 6 May 2019. Kazinsky returned again for one-off appearances on 1 November 2021 and 7 April 2022.

Storylines

Backstory
Growing up, Sean adored his father Brian and younger sister Stacey (Lacey Turner), but had a fractured relationship with his mother Jean (Gillian Wright) due to her bipolar disorder. He became rebellious, constantly going out of his way to scare Jean. Sean punched his father during an argument. The next day, Brian suffered a brain haemorrhage and died whilst working on a building site the next day. Believing that he killed his father, Sean panicked and on his sixteenth birthday, he ran away, joined the army and lost all contact with his family. Stacey, aged 11, was left alone to take care of their mother.

2006–2009
Sean Slater first appears in August 2006, seeking revenge on his old friend Al (Andrew McKay) after the latter ended up causing Sean to be kicked out of the Special Air Service. Sean breaks into Al's flat and follows him into The Queen Victoria public house, where he ends up seeing his sister Stacey, whom he had lost contact with for seven years. After taking revenge on Al, Sean decides to stay in Walford to look after Stacey. Sean immediately begins pursuing Tanya Branning (Jo Joyner), despite briefly dumping her for Stacey's best-friend Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton) after learning that she is wealthy. Sean soon begins forging his relationship with Ruby in order to secret exploit control of her financial assets. However, his plan is quickly discovered by Ruby's business partner Jake Moon (Joel Beckett), whom he begins clashing with in the process. Their feud escalates when Ruby confides to Sean that Jake had killed his younger brother Danny (Jake Maskall) to stop him from murdering the "Mitchell brothers", consisting of the square's local hardman Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) and his younger brother Grant (Ross Kemp), at the behest of their crime boss and Ruby's father, Johnny Allen (Billy Murray). Later on, Jake informs Johnny of Sean's plan and subsequently tells Sean that Johnny wishes to meet him in person; Johnny has recently been sentenced to life imprisonment for his criminal activities, specifically for the murders of his gangland rival Andy Hunter (Michael Higgs) and his best-friend Dennis Rickman (Nigel Harman). The next day, Sean visits Johnny and attempts to fabricate his story by proclaiming that his intentions are to create goodwill for Ruby and her future. However, Johnny does not buy it and threatens to have Sean killed unless he leaves Ruby alone. At first Sean appears to feel intimidated, but he then surprises Johnny by taunting him over his real plans for Ruby before leaving prison. This enrages Johnny, who then attempts to have Sean killed by phoning Jake to carry out the order, but he ends up having a heart attack and dies before Ruby can visit him; Jake then leaves Walford after learning about his boss' death. Following Johnny's funeral, Sean proposes marriage to Ruby. They begin to plan out a wedding until Ruby learns of Sean's plan, and Sean also grows irritated when she attempts to help mend his relationship with Jean. Eventually, they split and Ruby leaves Walford afterwards. Sean then continues to pursue Tanya, only to end up having sex with numerous other women - including Karin Jones (Anna Lauren) and Preeti Choraria (Babita Pohoomull).

In 2007, Sean starts dating Chelsea Fox (Tiana Benjamin) and also has sex with her stepsister Carly Wicks (Kellie Shirley), causing a number of arguments. Scorned, Chelsea and Deano Wicks (Matt Di Angelo) try to get revenge on Sean by attempting to frame him for assaulting shopkeeper Patrick Trueman (Rudolph Walker). Sean's attempt to escape arrest fails and he is held on remand. From prison, Sean has Deano attacked so Carly ends the relationship, but discovers that Chelsea has CCTV footage proving that Sean did not attack Patrick. Despite her family's protests, Carly takes the footage to the police. Sean is released, and Deano and Chelsea are arrested for conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Sean gets revenge on Deano by giving him a bogwash and he also cuts Chelsea's hair.

Sean and Tanya start dating at the beginning of 2008, and Sean tells her that he was responsible for his father's death. In March 2008, they plot to fake Tanya's reconciliation with her estranged husband Max (Jake Wood) in order to gain control of his assets and then leave the country. Tanya pretends to split up with Sean and reunite with Max, but secretly they conspire to bury Max alive. However Tanya feels guilty and releases Max. Much to Sean's surprise, Tanya scorns and rejects him when he says he wants them to be a family and reveals that she used him to get revenge on Max. Sean threatens to tell her children what she has done but Tanya retaliates by threatening to tell Stacey that Sean killed their father. Sean keeps quiet but takes the rejection hard. He then begins to torment his flatmate Gus Smith (Mohammed George). Sean reveals that he plans to kill Gus and make it look like suicide, but Stacey stops him and makes him move back in with the Slaters. Roxy and Sean split up, and Gus reveals to the Slaters that Sean is involved in drugs.

By then, Sean has begun a relationship with Phil's cousin Roxy (Rita Simons), who soon reveals that she is pregnant. This causes Sean to believe that he is the father, but is left unaware that Roxy had a one-night stand with Max's younger brother Jack (Scott Maslen). He offers to support her but Roxy refuses his offer and returns to Ibiza. Sean leaves Albert Square briefly and returns in July after learning that Roxy is in Weymouth with her father, Archie (Larry Lamb), so he goes to see her. Archie encourages Roxy to stay in Weymouth with him, but her sister Ronnie (Samantha Womack) and Sean persuade her to return to Walford, and she moves in with him. Ronnie disapproves of Roxy and Sean's relationship as she suspects him of selling drugs, but comes round after they get married in August. Sean has a difficult relationship with Roxy's father, Archie, and is unhappy about accepting his money for a deposit on a flat. In November 2008, when Roxy goes into premature labour, Archie pretends to call Sean, but does not, so he misses the birth of Amy.

In December 2008, Jack asks Roxy for a paternity test. She receives the results and hides them away; however, Archie finds them and makes a copy. A few weeks later, Archie persuades Jack and Max's sister Suzy (Maggie O'Neill) to help him reveal the DNA test results to Sean on Christmas Day. Sean is devastated and attacks Jack, Amy's biological father, then goes on the rampage, kidnapping Amy. On New Year's Day 2009, Sean asks Stacey to look after Amy for a few days, knowing that she will return her to Roxy. Sean soon returns himself, and convinces Roxy to leave with him and Amy, but she is scared, and calls Ronnie, so she and Jack follow them. Sean drives them to an icy lake, intending to drive into the water and drown as a family. Roxy escapes but cannot get Amy out, so when she sees Ronnie and Jack arrive, Roxy coaxes Sean out onto the ice so they can rescue Amy. With Ronnie and Jack watching, the ice breaks, and Sean and Roxy go under. Sean frees Roxy from the weeds that she has got entangled in, as Ronnie dives into the water to rescue her. Roxy and Ronnie escape safely, but there is no sign of Sean. Roxy then sees Sean crawling out of the water whilst Ronnie and Jack are warming up back at the car. She signals to him to leave and Sean walks away.

In May 2015, Stacey makes a videocall to Sean via Skype; while he does not appear on-screen, he reminds her to take care of her mystery key due to its link to their father. When Jean reacts badly upon seeing her with the key, Stacey attempts to find out what the key represents, but Jean catches her and, unwilling to tell her the truth other than Sean apparently could not trust her with it, seemingly throws it down the toilet. However, after Stacey leaves, it is revealed that Jean still has the key. She returns the key to Stacey four months later, revealing that it unlocks a safety deposit box in which Brian left Stacey and Sean some information about his other family, but Sean took the key from Jean after Brian's death before she could give it to Stacey when she turned 21.

2019–2022
When Jean is diagnosed with ovarian cancer in March 2019, she wants Stacey to help her contact Sean. Though Stacey claims she does not know Sean's contact details or whereabouts, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) finds out that Stacey had contacted Sean weeks earlier and told him about Jean's cancer. Stacey claims that Sean acted strangely and talked morbidly about Jean dying during the phone call. After much hesitation, Stacey gives Sean's number to Jean, who leaves a voicemail message.

Several days later, Sean secretly picks up Amy from school. He proceeds to learn about Amy, talking about Roxy with her and realising how much Amy resembles her mother. Not realising that Roxy died in 2017, Sean says something insensitive about her which upsets Amy so she asks to be taken home. Sean tells Jack that Amy had been with him and asks to see Roxy. Jack drives Sean to the graveyard and shows him where Ronnie and Roxy are buried and talks about Roxy dragging Ronnie down, resulting in both sisters dying on his and Ronnie's wedding night. A fight ensues when Jack continues to insult Roxy. Sean is left at the graveside where he apologizes to Roxy for how things ended between them and tells her he will be joining her soon. Sean and Jean reunite at The Queen Vic where, after a brief confrontation with Ruby, he takes Jean to her chemotherapy appointment. After Sean scares Jean by asking morbid questions, Stacey takes him aside and rebukes him for his actions, wishing he would be a normal person. Though Sean admits he cares about their family, Stacey tells him he is a damaged person and should leave Walford for Jean's sake. When Jean is adamant that she will not let him walk out on her again, Sean suggests that they run away together. They take a trip to the countryside, where he helps her shave her head bald. While they are out on a walk, Jean injures her leg when falling on a sharp metal wire. Jean hides her injury from Sean but he later finds out, calls for an ambulance and tries to stop her from bleeding. When Jean tells Sean that she thinks she is going to die, Sean confesses that he killed his father, Brian. As he goes into detail about his crime she begins to drift out of consciousness. When Sean leaves the room, a dazed Jean asks for Sean and tells him that she loves him. Sean retreats to the barn, intending to commit suicide by shooting himself. Recovering from the injury, Jean tells Stacey what Sean did and they both find him at the barn. Jean reassures Sean that he is not a bad person for his actions, and that Brian had been living a double life with another family the entire time. Sean agrees to let go of the gun and collapses in tears as Jean comforts him. After spending the weekend at the Slater house and quickly becoming overwhelmed, he asks to be left alone for time to gather his thoughts. Jean finds a nearby flat for Sean to live in, but when she comes home to tell him, she finds him having packed his bags to leave Walford. He reveals he has booked an appointment at a mental health facility to get the help he needs. After saying an emotional goodbye to Jean and giving her a ringtone for when he will call her, he also says goodbye to Amy, promising to take her to Ronnie and Roxy's bar in Ibiza on her 18th birthday.

In November 2021, it is revealed that Stacey has married a prison inmate called Eve Unwin (Heather Peace), a former solicitor who tries to help Stacey fight her eviction. However, Jean does not trust Eve and enlists Sean's help in making her leave. Sean does so by convincing Eve that she will cause trouble for Stacey. Stacey is unhappy to learn about Sean's involvement and informs him that Eve was only trying to help. Before leaving, Sean tells Jean to call him if she needs anything. Five months later, Stacey is worried that Jean is having an episode of her bipolar disorder and calls Sean to speak to her. Sean video calls Jean, but she assures him that she is fine. Sean accepts this and sends Stacey a bouquet of flowers telling her not to worry about Jean. However, Stacey bins them.

Creation
Sean was created as an addition to the soap's existing Slater family, comprised initially of sister Stacey (Lacey Turner) and mother Jean (Gillian Wright). He was first mentioned on 9 December 2005 when his sister, Stacey, unfolded a family picture to reveal a fourth member (Sean). It was first announced on 13 April 2006 that the character would be joining EastEnders in the coming months, with the revelation made that: "He's going to enter the Square with a bang and will be at the centre of some of the biggest storylines of the year." A month later, on 18 May 2006, it was announced that Robert Kazinsky had been cast in the role of Sean. Kazinsky said of his casting: "I've grown up with EastEnders so I can't quite believe I'll soon be part of the Slater family."

Development

Characterisation and relationships
Kazinsky has described his character as "a raging psychopath". Explaining in greater detail his understanding of Sean's personality, he has expanded:

Kazinsky has also spoken extensively on several of his character's romantic relationships, declaring in August 2007 that: "Until he knows himself and can forgive himself and actually let his guard down, he's never going to be in a position where he can give to anybody other than himself. At the moment he's a completely selfish, self-serving character." At the time, he speculated that "There's not a single woman who can bring him out of himself, because he's plagued by inner turmoil. Women can have a tempestuous fling with Sean, but they can't ever have love with him, because he doesn't love himself." This idea was expanded on during the character's relationship with Tanya Branning, of which Kazinsky explained: "I don't believe he loves Tanya, I think he's obsessed with her which is a different thing entirely. I think that unconsciously he wants to pay homage to his dad Brian by being the father that he was. And stepping into Max's shoes and taking over his family would have helped him to do that. It's all to do with the guilt he felt over killing his father which is silly really. He didn't stick a knife in him or anything. He hit him and the next day he died of an aneurysm. But as a 16-year-old boy Sean blamed it on himself."

Departure (2008)
In January 2007, Kazinsky was suspended from the show for a period of two months, following allegations he had sent raunchy, inappropriate text messages to a model. The character was temporarily written out of the soap, with a statement released by the BBC which explained: "Following the story in the Sunday People on 7 January 2007, EastEnders executive producer Diederick Santer has taken the decision to suspend Robert Kazinsky from early February for a period of two months. In addition, Robert Kazinsky would like to apologise for any offence caused to EastEnders viewers and for bringing the show into disrepute."

On 18 January 2008, it was announced that the character was to be written out of EastEnders following Kazinsky's decision to quit the soap. The actor said of his decision: "If I had done everything I wanted to do as an actor before I joined EastEnders I would have wanted to stay forever. I have really enjoyed my time with the show - it's such a wonderful place to work and it's become more like a second home to me. I'll be sad to leave." In December 2009, Diederick Santer was asked if anything in the year had not gone as he expected it to. He replied: "[F]or whatever reason, I don't think Sean's exit on New Year's Day was our finest moment. Unusually for EastEnders, we peaked Christmas and New Year with the story and the same bunch of characters and by the time we got to New Year it had rather played out."

Returns
In May 2009, Kazinsky revealed that he would return to EastEnders if Roxy was leaving and would be part of her leaving storyline. Talking to Digital Spy he said, "I've always said that whatever happens if Rita ever leaves, I want to be in her exit storyline... I'd love to do that." In 2017, Simons did leave EastEnders, but Kazinsky was not a part of her exit storyline.

On 17 January 2019, it was confirmed that Kazinsky would reprise his role as Sean for a "short stint in the spring", ten years after his exit. Kazinsky's return was previously teased in an interview with senior executive producer Kate Oates that month. In a press release, Kazinsky said that he thought that his "best work was on EastEnders as Sean Slater" because he understood the character and his background well. On his return, the actor commented, "I have unfinished business in Albert Square and am thrilled to be returning to what I still consider to be my home, however briefly." He also looked forward to being involved in his storyline and appearing alongside his on-screen family. Oates praised Sean and Kazinsky, opining that he created "a modern EastEnders icon" through Sean. She confirmed that Kazinsky had involvement in the development of his return story, and added that she looked forward to Sean's return.

Kazinsky made another return for a single episode which was broadcast on 1 November 2021. His return was not announced. Kazinsky later revealed why his return was brief, and expanded on a possible return in the future: "It was simple really, I live in LA and when conditions allow I'll try and see my family every year – or more if I can – so I thought why wouldn't Sean do that. Pop in for a cuppa?" he explained. So I said to Kate [Oates]: 'I'm in London for one day, let's write a scene and I'll swing by in the morning and we can do it, better than that, every time I'm in the UK, if I can, let's do it again' and she rallied the troops and made it happen." He later returned again on 7 April 2022 in an appearance via FaceTime.

Reception
In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Sean 63rd on their ranked list of the best EastEnders characters of all time, calling him Stacey's "brooding" brother who "had affairs with half the women in Walford and picked fights with most of the gangsters".

See also
List of soap opera villains
Fictional portrayals of psychopaths

References

External links

EastEnders characters
Fictional criminals in soap operas
Fictional bartenders
Fictional drug dealers
Fictional British Army personnel
Fictional Iraq War veterans
Male villains
Fictional murderers
Fictional attempted suicides
Television characters introduced in 2006
British male characters in television
Fictional prisoners and detainees
Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders
Fictional market stallholders
Fictional patricides
Fictional bullies
Fictional torturers
Slater family (EastEnders)
Mitchell family (EastEnders)

Sean Slater


A spillway is a construction to release extra water from a dam, in a way that this water does not cause damage. Each dam has a maximum capacity. Water that is more than this capacity cannot be stored, and has to be released. A spillway allows to do this in a safe way.

Gallery

Engineering

Spillway


Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics is an award given each year since 1959 jointly by the American Physical Society and American Institute of Physics. It is established by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman. As of 2010, the prize consists of US$10,000 and a certificate citing the contributions made by the recipient plus travel expenses to attend the meeting at which the prize is bestowed.

Past Recipients
Source: American Physical Society

2023 Nikita Nekrasov
2022 Antti Kupiainen and Krzysztof Gawędzki
2021 Joel Lebowitz
2020 Svetlana Jitomirskaya
2019 T. Bill Sutherland, Francesco Calogero and Michel Gaudin
2018 Barry Simon
2017 Carl M. Bender
2016 Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa
2015 Pierre Ramond
2014 Gregory W. Moore
2013 Michio Jimbo and Tetsuji Miwa
2012 Giovanni Jona-Lasinio
2011 Herbert Spohn
2010 Michael Aizenman
2009 Carlo Becchi, Alain Rouet, Raymond Stora and Igor Tyutin
2008 Mitchell Feigenbaum
2007 Juan Maldacena and Joseph Polchinski
2006 Sergio Ferrara, Daniel Z. Freedman and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
2005 Giorgio Parisi
2004 Gabriele Veneziano
2003 Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat and James W. York
2002 Michael B. Green and John Henry Schwarz
2001 Vladimir Igorevich Arnold
2000 Sidney R. Coleman
1999 Barry M. McCoy, Tai Tsun Wu and Alexander B. Zamolodchikov
1998 Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten
1997 Harry W. Lehmann
1996 Roy J. Glauber
1995 Roman W. Jackiw
1994 Richard Arnowitt, Stanley Deser and Charles W. Misner
1993 Martin C. Gutzwiller
1992 Stanley Mandelstam
1991 Thomas C.Spencer and Jürg Fröhlich
1990 Yakov Sinai
1989 John S. Bell
1988 Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino
1987 Rodney Baxter
1986 Alexander M. Polyakov
1985 David P. Ruelle
1984 Robert B. Griffiths
1983 Martin D. Kruskal
1982 John Clive Ward
1981 Jeffrey Goldstone
1980 James Glimm and Arthur Jaffe
1979 Gerard 't Hooft
1978 Elliott Lieb
1977 Steven Weinberg
1976 Stephen Hawking
1975 Ludwig D. Faddeev
1974 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1973 Kenneth G. Wilson
1972 James D. Bjorken
1971 Roger Penrose
1970 Yoichiro Nambu
1969 Arthur S. Wightman
1968 Sergio Fubini
1967 Gian Carlo Wick
1966 Nikolai N. Bogoliubov
1965 Freeman Dyson
1964 Tullio Regge
1963 Keith A. Brueckner
1962 Léon Van Hove
1961 Marvin Leonard Goldberger
1960 Aage Bohr
1959 Murray Gell-Mann

See also
 Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics
 List of mathematics awards
 List of physics awards
 Prizes named after people

References

External links
Official page at American Physical Society

Awards of the American Physical Society
Awards of the American Institute of Physics
Mathematics awards
Awards established in 1959
Mathematical physics


6-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and Canada. It is the number to call for phone service customers when there is a problem with phones in an area, or when a payphone is not working properly. Many mobile phone service providers use 6-1-1 as a customer service number.

The Federal Communications Commission did not officially decide that the 6-1-1 number should be used for this. They decided to let it stay because it had already been accepted, or chosen, by the North America Numbering Plan.

N11 codes
Telephone numbers in Canada
Telephone numbers in the United States

6-1-1


Ivan Garvanov () (December 23, 1869 in Stara Zagora, today Bulgaria – November 28, 1907 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and leader of the revolutionary movement in Ottoman Macedonia and Southern Thrace.

Biography
He was born in Stara Zagora, then in the Ottoman Empire. His father was a  merchant who had been killed during the Russo-Turkish War in 1878, and his uncle and grandfather had also been killed by the Turks. Garvanov had been in Plovdiv at the time of the Unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia and supported it. He learned mathematics in Sofia, and Vienna, where the Austrian Academy of Sciences published a work of his. From 1894 onwards, Garvanov worked as a Bulgarian teacher in Thessaloniki. In 1897 he founded the Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood and later entered the Internal Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO).

In fact, initially the real aim of Garvanov was to take over the IMRO, and thus prevent the early outbreak of an uprising which he believed would bring disaster upon the population. However, later he changed his opinion and the reason was the death of his colleague Christo Ganev. Ganev was a chemistry teacher and was killed in June 1897 in Thessaloniki by a renegade Bulgarian, who became a Serboman. Garvanov himself was wounded while trying to save his colleague. He was introduced into the organization in 1899 by Dame Gruev. In 1900 Garvanov was chosen as a leader of the Regional Committee in Salonica and in 1901 he became a member of Central Committee and later a leader of the IMARO.

In this way, under the leadership of Garvanov, the IMARO made a decision supporting a military revolt. As president of  the Central Committee, he convened in January 1903 a congress in Thessaloniki, that resolved to launch an uprising against the Ottomans. The question regarding the timing of the uprising implicated an apparent discordance among the IMARO's leadership. This led to debates among the representatives at the Sofia IMARO's Conference in March 1903. The Centralists' majority was convinced that if the Organization would unleash an uprising, Bulgaria would declare war of the Ottomans and after the subsequent intervention of the Great Powers the Empire would collapse. The left-wing faction warned against the risks of such unrealistic plans, opposing the uprising as inappropriate as tactics and premature by time. In April Garvanov met with Dame Gruev and Gotse Delchev and they discussed the decision of starting the uprising. Garvanov, himself, did not participate in the Ilinden uprising, because of his arrest and exile in Rhodes after the Thessaloniki bombings of 1903.

In 1904 he was amnestied by the authorities and settled in Sofia where he worked as a teacher. The failure of the uprising reignited the rivalries between the varying factions of the Macedonian revolutionary movement. The left-wing faction opposed Bulgarian nationalism but the Centralist's faction of the IMARO, drifted more and more towards it. The years 1905–1907 saw the slow split between the two factions. Finally, the leaders of the Centralist's were sentenced to death from the leftists. Garvanov, along with Boris Sarafov was killed by Todor Panitsa, close to the left wing leader of IMARO Yane Sandanski, in 1907. Garvanov was one of the staunchest opponents of Sandanski in the squabbles dividing the IMARO after 1903. The assassination of Sarafov and Garvanov, turned the IMARO factions into a war of extermination that lasted for decades.

References and notes

1869 births
1907 deaths
Politicians from Stara Zagora
Bulgarian revolutionaries
Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Bulgarian educators
Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
Exiles from the Ottoman Empire
Thracian Bulgarians
Assassinated Bulgarian people
People murdered in Bulgaria
Burials at Central Sofia Cemetery
Deaths by firearm in Bulgaria
20th-century assassinated people

Ivan Garvanov


The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked including where people were five years before, highest educational grade achieved, and information about wages.  This census introduced sampling techniques; one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form.  Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939. This was the first census in which every state (48) had a population greater than 100,000.

Census questions
The 1940 census collected the following information:

 address
 home owned or rented
 if owned, value
 if rented, monthly rent
 whether on a farm
 name
 relationship to head of household
 sex
 race
 age
 marital status
 school attendance
 educational attainment
 birthplace
 if foreign born, citizenship
 location of residence five years ago and whether on a farm
 employment status
 if at work, whether in private or non-emergency government work, or in public emergency work (WPA, CCC, NYA, etc.)
 if in private or non-emergency government work, hours worked in week
 if seeking work or on public emergency work, duration of unemployment
 occupation, industry and class of worker
 weeks worked last year
 wage and salary income last year

In addition, a sample of individuals were asked additional questions covering  age at first marriage,  fertility, and other topics.  Full documentation on the 1940 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

Data availability

Following completion of the census, the original enumeration sheets were microfilmed; after which the original sheets were destroyed.

As required by Title 13 of the U.S. Code, access to personally identifiable information from census records was restricted for 72 years. Non-personally identifiable information Microdata from the 1940 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Also, aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

On April 2, 2012—72 years after the census was taken—microfilmed images of the 1940 census enumeration sheets were released to the public by the National Archives and Records Administration. The records are indexed only by enumeration district upon initial release; several organizations are compiling indices, in some cases through crowdsourcing.

State rankings

City rankings

Use for Japanese American internment

During World War II, the Census Bureau responded to numerous information requests from US government agencies, including the US Army and the US Secret Service, to facilitate the internment of Japanese Americans. In his report of the operation,  U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt wrote that "The most important single source of information prior to the evacuation was the 1940 Census of Population."

References

External links

 Official 1940 census website
 1940 Census Records from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
 1940 Federal Population Census Videos, training videos for enumerators at the U.S. National Archives
 Selected Historical Decennial Census Population and Housing Counts from the U.S. Census Bureau
 Snow, Michael S. (opinion) "Why the huge interest in the 1940 Census?" CNN. Monday April 9, 2012.
 1941 U.S Census Report Contains 1940 census results
 1940 Census Questions Hosted at CensusFinder.com.

United States Census, 1940
United States census
United States

1940 United States census


Aunt Bee is a fictional character from the 1960 American television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show played by Frances Bavier. Though she was the aunt of Sheriff Andy Taylor, virtually every character in Mayberry, even those in her age bracket such as Floyd and Emmett, called her "Aunt Bee."

Black-and-white seasons (1960–1965)
In "The New Housekeeper", the show's first episode, Aunt Bee returns from Morgantown, West Virginia after Andy's housekeeper, Rose, marries and leaves. Andy explains to Opie that he was raised by Aunt Bee, and Bee later mentions, without elaboration, having raised other Taylors. In the course of several of Bee's romantic episodes, it is mentioned she has never married, so she carries the Taylor name by birth, not marriage. Therefore, although it is never elaborated upon, Bee must be the sister of Andy's never-discussed father. In several episodes, Bee makes reference to "a brother," but it is never specified if the brother in question is Andy's father or another uncle. It is never explained why her name "Beatrice" has the shortened spelling "B-e-e" as opposed to the more common "B-e-a."

Bee is well known in Mayberry for her cooking skills. In the first episode, she serves a platter of fried chicken with all the trimmings, and thereafter her character is associated with wholesome, home-cooked meals. She frequently contributes meals to community or church events and brings picnic baskets of food to Mayberry's tiny jail for its lawmen and inmates. Although Aunt Bee is generally a good cook, her marmalade and pickles are poorly regarded. Andy and Barney refer to her pickles as "kerosene cucumbers" and her marmalade as smelling like "ammonia" – though they keep these opinions from her, so as not to hurt her feelings. Her other food is very well regarded, and Andy is especially fond of her pork chops and cornbread.

Aunt Bee's other relatives sometimes come up in episodes; she speaks of having trimmed her brother's hair when a girl and, in one episode, her sister Nora visits. She also has a rapscallion cousin called Bradford J. Taylor who features in a color episode. Bee is a teetotaler. In an episode in which a traveling salesman comes to Mayberry peddling patent medicine, Andy tells Barney that Aunt Bee is heavily against alcohol due to her brother's trouble with the bottle. In the same episode, Bee plays the piano and speaks of her baptism, implying she is a Christian. Bee is a member of the town choir and sings in church.

Color seasons (1965–1968)

Bee undergoes some changes during the final three color years of The Andy Griffith Show. In the show's early years, she is given to wearing comically dowdy house dresses, fruit- and flower-decorated hats, and ladylike white gloves for venturing outside the house. In the color episodes, she discards her frumpy wardrobe and steps into more stylish attire.

More drastic in the evolution of the character than her taste-shift in men and her wardrobe about-face is her liberation from her homemaker role in Andy's house. In the later episodes, Bee leaves the Taylor kitchen to open her own restaurant, to host a television cooking show, to run for office, to buy a car, and to take flying lessons. Andy and Opie occasionally cook for themselves, at which they prove adequately competent, as opposed to several early-season episodes in which Andy seems incapable of making soup or sandwiches without catastrophic kitchen mishaps.

Aunt Bee sees Opie grow from age 6 to 14. When Andy marries his longtime girlfriend Helen Crump on the spinoff Mayberry R.F.D., she opts to give the newlyweds their own space and becomes housekeeper for farmer Sam Jones (another widowed father) and his young son Mike. Residing at the Jones farm, Aunt Bee feeds the livestock and gathers eggs. The following year Andy and Helen move to Raleigh.  After two years as Sam's housekeeper, Aunt Bee leaves the Jones household for unspecified reasons to be replaced as housekeeper by Sam's cousin, Alice Cooper (Alice Ghostley).  This is the last we see of Aunt Bee.

Cultural impact

There is a small museum dedicated to the character in Mount Airy, North Carolina.

In 1991, Rutledge Hill Press released a tie-in book, Aunt Bee's Mayberry Cookbook featuring food from the show.

Notes and references

Bibliography
The Andy Griffith Show: Complete Series Collection. Paramount, 2007. ()
Beck, Ken, and Clark, Jim. The Andy Griffith Show Book. St. Martin's Griffin, 2000.
Kelly, Richard. The Andy Griffith Show. Blair, 1984.

The Andy Griffith Show characters
Fictional characters from North Carolina
Fictional characters from West Virginia
Television characters introduced in 1960
Female characters in television

Aunt Bee


In Greek mythology, Melete  (Μελέτη) was one of the three original Boeotian muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoede and Mneme.  She was the muse of thought and meditation.  Melete literally means "ponder" and "contemplation" in Greek.

According to Pausanias in the later 2nd century AD, there were three original Muses: Aoidē ("song" or "voice"), Meletē ("practice" or "occasion"), and Mnēmē ("memory"). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshipped as well, but with other names: Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē, which are the names of the three chords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively they were called Cēphisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, whose names characterise them as daughters of Apollo. In later tradition, four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoē, Aoedē, Archē, and Meletē, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia (or of Uranus).

See also
56 Melete - an asteroid named after Melete.

Greek Muses
Boeotian characters in Greek mythology

Melete


is a 2010 Japanese action drama film directed by Eiichirō Hasumi. It is the third feature-length film of the Umizaru projects, following the events of the 11 episode drama series Umizaru Evolution (2005), Umizaru (2004) and Limit of Love: Umizaru (2006). The film is the last of the 3-part film and television project. The project is adapted from the popular 12 Shogakukan manga books Umizaru written by  and illustrated by Shūhō Satō from 1998 to 2001. It was released in Japan on 18 September 2010.

Plot
Senzaki and Izawa, who both have a son, are about to experience their first wedding anniversary. Upon preparations, Senzakihen receives a call regarding a natural gas exploration platform "Nigaya" which has unexpectedly gone haywire. In response to the coming strong typhoon, the original task was to escort the exploration platform designer Mr. Sakuragi into the platform and shut down the exploration platform in order to survive the typhoon. However, the damage to the exploration platform gradually becomes severe In order to prevent the bottom fire from spreading to the uppermost natural gas cylinder and causing a devastating explosion, Sakuragi activates the layered valve for isolation, leaving him stranded on the platform with two unevacuated personnel, as well as Senzaki and a rookie diver Hattori. After a series of accidents, Senzaki and Hattori sink the exploration platform in order to prevent a cylinder explosion. Senzaki's leg becomes injured during the mission and cannot escape as the exploration platform keeps sinking. After the typhoon, all the marine security officers dispatch to the rescue. As Izawa watches everything at home with their son, she realizes what Senzaki had arranged for the wedding anniversary, as she listens to the last message in the sea monkey doll...

Cast
Hideaki Itō as Daisuke Senzaki
Ai Kato as Kanna Izawa
Ryuta Sato as Yoshioka Tetsuya

Reception
It was number-one at the Japanese box office for six straight weeks.

References

External links

Films directed by Eiichirō Hasumi
Japanese sequel films
Live-action films based on manga
Umizaru
Films scored by Naoki Satō
2010s Japanese films

Umizaru 3: The Last Message


Ferenc A. Váli (May 25, 1905 - November 19, 1984) was a Hungarian lawyer, writer, and political analyst specializing in international law. He was born in 1905 in Budapest, Hungary. He received his Doctorate at the Faculty of Law of the University of Budapest in 1927, and his Ph.D. in political science at the University of London in 1932. From 1935 he was a member of the Law Faculty at the University of Budapest. Váli published several books in Hungarian, German and English.

During World War II the Hungarian government sent him to Istanbul, Turkey, on a confidential mission to make contact with the Allied powers. During 1943 to 1946 he lectured at the University of Istanbul on International Law.

Returning to Hungary after the war, he was international law adviser to the Hungarian Ministry of Finance, and continued teaching at the University of Budapest until he was banned from the faculty and from the ministry by the Communists early in 1949. In 1951, Váli's western connections led to his arrest. His wife was also arrested. She remained in prison for three years. He was provisionally released on October 18, 1956. Five days later the Hungarian Revolution broke out and he was recalled to the university and participated in an effort to reorganize the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the Revolution was crushed,  Váli and his wife escaped from Hungary into Austria.

With a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation, he did research in London, Paris and The Hague, and after December 1957, in New York and Washington. From 1958 to 1961, Váli was a research associate at the Harvard Center for International Affairs. In September 1961 he joined the government department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and stayed there until his retirement in 1975. Váli died on 19 November 1984 in Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Books of Váli

Servitudes of International Law (London)
Rift and Revolt in Hungary (Harvard University Press, 1961)
The Future of Germany (Germany, 1967)
The Quest for a United Germany (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967)
Politics of the Indian Ocean Region: The Balances of Power (New York, 1976)
Bridge across the Bosporus (The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971)

References
 Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Washington, D.C.
 Ferenc A. Vali:Rift and Revolt in Hungary, Harvard University Press, 1961

1905 births
1984 deaths
20th-century Hungarian historians
20th-century Hungarian lawyers
Hungarian political writers
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Legal educators
Legal writers
Political science educators
Harvard University people
Alumni of the University of London
Budapest University alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty

Ferenc A. Váli


This was the 13th edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2009 ITF Women's Circuit, a tier below the 2009 WTA Tour. It was held in Lexington, Kentucky, United States from 20 to 26 July 2009 on outdoor hardcourts. The prize money for women was US$50,000.

Melanie Oudin, the defending champion, declined to participate that year.

Sania Mirza won in the final, defeating top seed Julie Coin 7-6(5), 6-4.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/women's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1100019708

2009 ITF Women's Circuit
2009 WS

2009 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships – Women's singles


Interstate 76 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Westfield Center, Ohio east to Bellmawr, New Jersey. The route is  long.

Just west of Youngstown, I-76 joins the Ohio Turnpike and heads around the south side of Youngstown. In Pennsylvania, I-76 runs across most of the state on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. It passes near Pittsburgh and Harrisburg before leaving the Turnpike to enter Philadelphia. It is called the Schuylkill Expressway in Philadelphia. It crossing the Walt Whitman Bridge into New Jersey. After Interstate 76 reaches its eastern terminus,  the freeway continues as Route 42 and the Atlantic City Expressway to Atlantic City.

References

76

Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)


Beachcroft is a surname. Notable people by that name include:

 C. B. K. Beachcroft (1870–1928), captain of the Great Britain cricket team.
 Nina Beachcroft (born 1931), English children's writer.
 George Beachcroft (1871–1941), administrator of the Richmond Football Club.
 Matthews Beachcroft, governor of the Bank of England from 1756 to 1758.
 Samuel Beachcroft (died 1796), governor of the Bank of England from 1775 to 1777.

See also
 Beachcroft (disambiguation)

English-language surnames

Beachcroft (surname)