Joseph Smith (born March 22, 1984) is a baseball player who has played for several teams.

Personal life
He lives in Ohio, with his wife, news reporter and beauty pageant titleholder Alexandra LaForce.

Net Worth
His networth is estimated at $11, 812, 500.

Horoscope
Smith´s horoscope is Aries, the bull.

Career
He is presently a pitcher for the Houston Astros. He previously played for the New York Mets, Cleveland Indians, Los Angeles Angels, Chicago Cubs, and Toronto Blue Jays.

It was in December of 2017 he signed a 2-year contract with the Astros.

New York Mets
Smith first began his career with Brooklyn (A) of the New York–Penn League by allowing two runs, one earned, in one inning of work against the Staten Island Yankees on June 21. He was named one of the top 20 prospects in the New York–Penn League by Baseball America. When Duaner Sánchez was hurt during a taxi cab incident in 2006, Mets general manager Omar Minaya considered recalling Smith to the Majors. But ultimately, the Mets traded for Roberto Hernández and Óliver Pérez to give Smith more time in the minors. On March 24, 2007, after a strong spring training, it was announced Smith would be on the Mets' 25-man roster. On April 1, 2007, Smith made his major league debut. He struck out one (Preston Wilson) and walked one (Albert Pujols). He also gave up a single to David Eckstein. Smith earned his first major league win on April 24, 2007 after coming on in relief in the 12th inning. Smith enjoyed much success in the beginning of 2007, but began to tire and was sent down to the minors at mid year. Smith was with the Mets for all of the 2008 season, enjoying varied success. He went 6–3 in 63.3 innings with an ERA of 3.55.

Cleveland Indians
On December 10, 2008, Smith was traded by the Mets to the Cleveland Indians as part of a twelve-player, three-team deal. On January 18, 2013, the Cleveland Indians announced they had avoided arbitration with Smith, signing him to a one-year contract worth $3.15 million.

Smith became a free agent following the 2013 season, but expressed interest in remaining with the Tribe.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim / Los Angeles Angels
On November 24, 2013, Smith reportedly agreed to a three-year contract for $15 million with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, pending the completion of a physical. On November 27, 2013, the Angels confirmed that the team and Smith agreed to the terms. On April 25, 2014, Smith was named the Angels' new closer after multiple struggles by former closer Ernesto Frieri. After the Angels traded for San Diego Padres' All-Star closer Huston Street on July 18, 2014, Smith was moved to an eighth-inning setup role. Smith finished with 15 saves in 76 games to the tune of a 1.81 ERA.

Smith's numbers in 2015 went up as his ERA and WHIP from the previous season. He played uptil June 2016, when he had a hamstring injury.

Chicago Cubs
On August 1, 2016, the Angels traded Smith to the Chicago Cubs for prospect Jesus Castillo. In 16 more appearances with the Cubs to finish 2016, Smith had a 1-1 record and a 2.51 ERA. Overall in 2016, combined with both teams he played for, Smith made 54 total appearances with a 1-4 record and a 3.82 ERA. Smith was a member of the Cubs' 2016 World Series championship team, but did not make any postseason appearances.

Toronto Blue Jays
On February 9, 2017, Smith signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. Smith became the Blue Jays setup man early in the season, after Jason Grilli struggled in the role and Joe Biagini was moved to the starting rotation. He was placed on the 10-day disabled list on June 19 with shoulder inflammation. In 38 games, he was 3-0 with a 3.28 ERA in 35 2⁄3 innings.

Back to the Cleveland Indians
On July 31, 2017, the Blue Jays traded Smith to the Cleveland Indians for Thomas Pannone and Samad Taylor. In 18 1⁄3 innings, he had an ERA of 3.44 for the Indians.

Houston Astros
On December 13, 2017, Smith signed a two-year contract with the Houston Astros worth $15 million. In his first season in Houston, Smith appeared in 56 games, recording a record of 5-1 in 45 2⁄3 innings with a 3.74 ERA. On December 13 while working out, Smith suffered a ruptured left Achilles tendon. He underwent surgery for it on December 20.

In 2019 he was 1-0 with a 1.80 ERA in 28 relief appearances in which he pitched 25.0 innings.

On December 16, 2019, Smith resigned with the Astros on a two-year contract worth $8 million.

References

1984 births
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Houston Astros players
Living people
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
Los Angeles Angels players
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Cincinnati
Toronto Blue Jays players

Joe Smith (pitcher)


Joseph Hirsch (Tzvi) Carlebach  (January 30, 1883, Lübeck, German Empire – March 26, 1942, Biķerniecki forest, near Riga, Latvia) was a German Orthodox rabbi, natural scientist, and
scholar of the history of the Jews in Germany.

Early life and family

Carlebach was the eighth child of Esther Adler (1853–1920), daughter of the former rabbi of Lübeck, Rabbi Alexander Sussmann Adler (1816–1869), and Lübeck's then-Rabbi Salomon Carlebach (1845–1919).

In 1919, Joseph Carlebach and his former pupil Charlotte Preuss (1900–1942) married. They had nine children. One of them is rabbi Shlomo Carlebach.

Education and early career
Joseph Carlebach became a rabbi, as did several of his brothers, to wit David Carlebach, Emanuel Carlebach (rabbi in Memel and Cologne), Hartwig Naftali Carlebach (rabbi in Berlin, Baden near Vienna and New York), and Ephraim Carlebach (rabbi in Leipzig). Initially, however, Joseph Carlebach completed extensive studies in natural sciences. From 1901 on he studied at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin natural sciences, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy and history of art. The quantum physicist Max Planck and the philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey (hermeneutics) were among his teachers. In 1908 he graduated as high-school teacher (Oberlehrer-Examen) of natural sciences (at summa cum laude). In the same time Carlebach attended the orthodox Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin. In 1905 to 1907 Carlebach interrupted his studies in Germany and taught at the Lämel-School in Jerusalem. There Carlebach made the acquaintance of a number of eminent rabbis.

In 1909 Carlebach obtained degrees in mathematics, physics and Hebrew at Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg. There he also was awarded his doctorate on the mathematician Levi ben Gershon (Lewi ben Gerson als Mathematiker). Carlebach gained an academic reputation by books on Levi ben Gershon as well as on Albert Einstein's relativity theory in 1912. From 1910 to 1914 Carlebach enrolled in the rabbinical seminary under Rabbi David Zvi Hoffmann, receiving his semikhah (rabbinic ordination) in 1914.

World War I service

During World War I Carlebach served in the imperial German Army, at the beginning as telegraphist. In 1915 he was assigned as educator - after recommendation by his brother-in-law Leopold Rosenak, a German Army Field Rabbi active in promoting German culture among the Jews of Lithuania and Poland during the German occupation (1915–1918).

Erich Ludendorff's intention was to evoke pro-German attitudes among Jews and other Poles and Lithuanians, in order to prepare the installation of a Polish and a Lithuanian state dependent on Germany. Part of the effort was the establishment of Jewish newspapers (e.g. the folkist Warszawer Togblat, וואַרשעווער טאָגבלאַט), of Jewish organisations (e.g. Joseph's brother German Army Field Rabbi Emanuel Carlebach (1874-1927) initiated in Łomża the foundation of the hassidic umbrella organisation Agudas Yisroel of Poland, part of a non-Zionist movement founded in Germany in 1912) and of modern educational institutions of Jewish alignment. Joseph Carlebach founded the partly German-language Jüdisches Realgymnasium גימנזיום עברי (academic high school) in Kaunas (Kovno; the interwar capital of Lithuania) and directed it until 1919. The school was based on the German Torah im Derech Eretz model. The school provided both Jewish and secular studies both for men and women (separately) and was the model for the Yavneh network that Carlebach later founded in collaboration with Leo Deutschlander. In 1925, Yavneh was taken over by Joseph Leib Bloch (1860-1930), who relocated it to Telšiai (Russ.: Telshe, Yidd.: Telz טעלז) and incorporated it into the Rabbinical College of Telshe, which managed to re-establish in 1942 in the USA.

From 1919 to 1921 he was rabbi of his native home town Lübeck. In 1921, Carlebach became headmaster of the Talmud Torah high school in Hamburg. Between 1925 and 1936 he served as chief rabbi of the Hochdeutsche Israeliten-Gemeinde zu Altona, after which he changed as chief rabbi to the Deutsch-Israelitische Gemeinde zu Hamburg, where he served until his deportation into death in 1941. Israeli jurist Haim Cohn described the effect Carlebach had on his students (as well as illustrating Carlebach's fairly unusual position that Orthodox Jews may visit churches):
He spent a full day with the boys in the Cologne Cathedral, expertly explaining every detail of the statues, the glass windows, the ornaments, and the intricacies of the Catholic faith and ritual; but I was not allowed to participate, being a Cohen who may not be under the same roof with a corpse or with tombs, lest he become impure; and although, according to the letter of the Law, it is only the Jewish dead the contact with whom renders impure, and not the non-Jewish dead, still Carlebach held that the least possibility that among the dead buried in the cathedral may have been a person of Jewish origin (even though ultimately converted to Christianity), sufficed to make the place taboo to me.

Persecution and murder under the Nazi regime

After Nazi Germany banned Jewish students from attending German schools together with "Aryan" German children, Rabbi Carlebach set up a number of schools throughout Germany to educate Jewish children. His schools bore his name and were known as Carlebach-Schulen.

He was deported to the Nazi concentration camp Jungfernhof by the Nazis, where he was murdered on March 26, 1942 during the mass shooting of approximately 1600 Jews, mostly older people and children, that became known as the Dünamünde Action.  This occurred in the Biķerniecki forest, near Riga, Latvia, which was the site of numerous other shootings perpetrated by the Nazis and their Latvian collaborators, in particular, the Arajs Kommando.

His wife and younger children were also killed during the Holocaust. Of his surviving children, Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach became the mashgiach ruchani ("spiritual supervisor" [of students]) at the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin in Brooklyn, New York City after the war, and his third daughter became Professor Miriam Gillis-Carlebach, who emigrated to Israel in October 1938. She taught Education and Hebrew reading at Bar-Ilan University, in Ramat Gan. In 1992, she became the head of the Joseph Carlebach Institute at Bar-Ilan University and has dedicated herself to researching her father's writings as well as the writing of other Jewish leaders of the same time period.

Rabbi Joseph Carlebach's wife managed to send her elder children to England, and they survived the war.

Commemoration and legacy

On 18 August 1954 Jerusalem honoured Carlebach's work, among others at the local Lämel-School, by naming a street, Rekhov Carlebach/Karlibakh רחוב קרליבך, after him in the neighbourhood of Talpiot.

The memory of Joseph Carlebach is held in great honor by the City of Hamburg and its Jewish community. In 1990, part of the University Campus, the Bornplatz (), the former location of the Main Synagogue of Hamburg and Carlebach's last pulpit, was named as the "Joseph-Carlebach-Platz". In honor of his 120th Birthday in 2003, the "Joseph-Carlebach-Preis" (Joseph Carlebach prize) for Jewish studies was established, awarded every two years, by the State University of Hamburg.

Works
Carlebach, Joseph. Die drei grossen Propheten Jesajas, Jirmija und Jecheskel; eine Studie. Pp. 133. Frankfurt am Main: Hermon-Verlag, 1932
Carlebach, Joseph. Les trois grands prophetes, Isaie, Jeremie, Ezechiel. Traduit de l'allemand par Henri Schilli. Pp. 141. Paris: Editions A. Michel, 1959
Carlebach, Joseph. Moderne paedagogische Bestrebungen und ihre Beziehungen zum Judentum. Pp. 19. Berlin, Hebraeischer Verlag "Menorah", 1925
Carlebach, Joseph. Mikhtavim mi-Yerushalayim (1905–1906): Erets Yi'sra'el be-reshit ha-me'ah be-`ene moreh tsa`ir, ma'skil-dati mi-Germanyah. (Ed. and transl. Miryam Gilis-Karlibakh). Pp. 141, ill. Ramat-Gan: Orah, mi-pirsume Mekhon Yosef Karlibakh; Yerushalayim: Ariel, c1996
Carlebach, Joseph. Ausgewaehlte Schriften mit einem Vorwort von Haim H. Cohn; herausgegeben von Miriam Gillis-Carlebach. 2 vols. Hildesheim; New York: G. Olms Verlag, 1982
Carlebach, Joseph. Lewi ben Gerson als Mathematiker; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Mathematik bei den Juden. Von Dr. phil. 238, [2]. Berlin: L. Lamm, 1910
Carlebach, Joseph. Das gesetzestreue Judentum. Pp. 53. Berlin: Im Schocken Verlag, 1936.
Carlebach, Joseph. Juedischer Alltag als humaner Widerstand: Dokumente des Hamburger Oberrabiners Dr. Joseph Carlebach aus den Jahren 1939-1942. Ed. Miriam Gillis-Carlebach. Pp. 118, ill. Hamburg: Verlag Verein fuer Hamburgische Geschichte, 1990
Gerhard Paul; Miriam Gillis-Carlebach (Eds.). Menora und Hakenkreuz: zur Geschichte der Juden in und aus Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck und Altona (1918–1998). Pp. 943, ill. Neumuenster: Wachholtz Verlag, 1998

Notes

External links

 Joseph Carlebach Institute
 Personality of the Week - Carlebach at www.bh.org.il
Review of the book: Ish Yehudi: The Life and the Legacy of a Torah Great, Rav Joseph Tzvi Carebach

Joseph
1883 births
1942 deaths
Scientists from Lübeck
German Orthodox rabbis
German Army personnel of World War I
German Jews who died in the Holocaust
Jewish military personnel
People who died in Jungfernhof concentration camp
The Holocaust in Latvia
German civilians killed in World War II
People from Schleswig-Holstein executed in Nazi concentration camps
Jewish scientists
Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary alumni
Clergy from Lübeck

Joseph Carlebach


Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit.

It is used in measuring the error rate when extracting data frames from a Compact Disc (CD). The BLER measurement is often used as a quality control measure with regards to how well audio is retained on a compact disc over time.

BLER is also used for W-CDMA performance requirements tests (demodulation tests in multipath conditions, etc.). BLER is measured after channel de-interleaving and decoding by evaluating the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on each transport block.

Block Error Rate (BLER) is used in LTE/4G technology to determine the in-sync or out-of-sync indication during radio link monitoring (RLM). Normal BLER is 2% for an in-sync condition and 10% for an out-of-sync condition.

References

Compact disc
Audio software

Block Error Rate


The Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo () is a Roman Catholic apostolic vicariate located in the city of Sodo in Ethiopia.

The Vicariate Apostolic of Soddo comprises Wolayta, Dawro, Gamu Gofa, North and South Omo zones and Derashe, Konso and Konta special Weredas; all in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region.

History
 February 13, 1940: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Hosanna from the Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma and Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli
 December 30, 1977: Renamed as Apostolic Prefecture of Soddo–Hosanna
 October 15, 1982: Promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo–Hosanna
 January 20, 2010: The Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna, Ethiopia (area 12,000, population 2,400,000, Catholics 135,000, priests 35, religious 51) is formed when the Apostolic Vicariate is divided into two Apostolic Vicariates by Pope Benedict XVI. He appointed Father Woldeghiorghis Mathewos, spiritual father of the Major Seminary of Soddo-Hosanna in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as the first Bishop of the new Apostolic Vicariate. The Bishop-elect was born in Wassera, Ethiopia in 1942 and ordained a priest in 1969.
October 11, 2013: Pope Francis appoints the Reverend Father Tsegaye Keneni Dérera, who until then had been serving as the Vicar General of the Apostolic Vicariate of Nekemte (based in Nekemte, Ethiopia), as Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of the Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo–Hosanna, to assist and eventually succeed the incumbent. Bishop-elect Dérera was given the titular see of Massimiana of Bizacena. He was born on November 23, 1943, at Metcha Borodo, Ethiopia, in the Apostolic Vicariate of Nekemte. After primary and secondary education in his native village, he studied one year of the requisite undergraduate Philosophy training with the Vincentians. He completed his undergraduate studies and graduate Theology education in Rome, Italy, in residence at the Pontifical Ethiopian College, while studying at the Pontifical Lateran University. He was ordained to the Catholic priesthood on July 13, 1976, and then did postgraduate studies at the Institute of Pastoral Theology at the Loyola University of Chicago (LUC), subsequently becoming a priest of the Archeparchy of Addis Ababa. He earned a Master's in Pastoral Theology from LUC in 1995, and had served as Vicar General (1991-1999) and Chancellor of the Curia (1976-1999) in Addis Ababa, as well as Secretary of the Ethiopian bishops' conference (2007-2010), before his move to Nekemte in 2012 after service at an Ethiopian Catholic university.

Bishops
 Prefects Apostolic of Hosanna
 Fr. Tiziano da Verona, OFMCap (October 25, 1940 – 1945)
 Bishop Urbain-Marie Person, OFMCap (Apostolic Administrator January 2, 1952 – 1972)
 Fr. Domenico Crescentino Marinozzi, OFMCap (Apostolic Administrator 1972 – February 23, 1979); see below
 Prefect Apostolic of Soddo–Hosanna
 Fr. Domenico Crescentino Marinozzi, OFMCap (February 23, 1979 – October 15, 1982); see above & below
 Vicars Apostolic of Soddo–Hosanna (Soddo, starting January 20, 2010)
 Bishop Domenico Crescentino Marinozzi, OFMCap (October 15, 1982 – January 15, 2007); see above
 Bishop Rodrigo Mejía Saldarriaga, SJ (January 5, 2007 – January 12, 2014)
 Bishop Tsegaye Keneni Derara (January 12, 2014 – present)

Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic
Tsegaye Keneni Derara (2013-2014)

Other priest of this vicariate who became bishop
Woldeghiorghis Matheos, appointed Vicar Apostolic of Hosanna in 2010

References

External links
 Giga-Catholic Information
 Catholic Hierarchy

Catholic dioceses in Ethiopia
Christian organizations established in 1940
Apostolic vicariates
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
Sodo

Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo


François Édouard Bertin (1797–1871) was a French painter born in Paris, and the son of the renowned journalist Louis-François Bertin. Édouard studied under Girodet-Trioson and Bidauld. He represented the details and general character of a landscape with great skill, but was less successful in his colouring. He was inspector of the Beaux Arts, and from 1854, was the director of the Journal des Débats. Bertin died in Paris in 1871.

Selected works

Cimabue meeting with Giotto.
Christ on the Mount of Olives. 1837.
A view of Olevano.
The old Tombs on the Nile.
The Forest of Fontainebleau.
View of an excavated Monastery near Viterbo.

References

19th-century French painters
French male painters
1797 births
1871 deaths
Painters from Paris
19th-century French male artists

Édouard Bertin


Muscovy or Moscovia () is an alternative name for the Principality of Moscow (1263–1547) and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721).

It may also refer to:
Muscovy Company, an English trading company chartered in 1555
Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) and Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica)
Moscovia, a historical region in central Russia.
Muscovy glass, or muscovite, a mineral
Muscovy, a fictional "parallel world" Russia in Phillip Pullman's His Dark Materials

See also
Moscobia Convent, a convent established by the Russian Orthodox Church in Ein Karem
Moskovia Airlines, a defunct Russian airline

Muscovy


Mason Ramsey (born November 16, 2006) is an American singer. In March 2018, after gaining Internet fame from a viral video of him yodeling "Lovesick Blues" by Hank Williams at a Walmart, Ramsey was signed to Big Loud. He is known for his single "Famous".

Career
In March 2018, 11-year-old Mason Ramsey, from Golconda, Illinois, was seen on camera singing "Lovesick Blues" in a Walmart store in Harrisburg, Illinois. Within a few days, videos of his performance collectively garnered over 25 million views and he became a viral sensation and internet meme. Ramsey's performance sparked new interest in Hank Williams' 70-year-old recording of the song and in March Rolling Stone reported that Spotify's Viral 50 chart for the U.S. ranked Williams' "Lovesick Blues" at number three, and number four around the globe.

As a result of his newfound fame Ramsey made an appearance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Saying that his dream was to appear on the Grand Ole Opry one day, DeGeneres surprised Ramsey by saying he had been booked for the following weekend. On April 13, 2018, American DJ Whethan brought Ramsey out during his set at the 2018 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio, California. In late April, he signed a record deal with Atlantic Records and Nashville-based label Big Loud. His debut single "Famous" entered at number 62 on the US Billboard Hot 100, while the EP debuted in the top 10 of Billboards Heatseekers Albums chart at number 7. Ramsey performed iconic number 1 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart's 60th anniversary; starting from the 1960s, he sang hit songs by Mariah Carey, Billy Joel, Paul McCartney, Stevie Wonder, Celine Dion, The Monkees, The Jackson 5, Whitney Houston, Beyoncé, and Adele. On June 8, 2018, he released his cover of "Lovesick Blues". On June 29, 2018, he released "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)" and "The Way I See It". On July 20, 2018, he released his debut extended play (EP), Famous. He was featured on Lil Nas X's third "Old Town Road" remix along with Billy Ray Cyrus and Young Thug, and joined Lil Nas X on stage to perform it at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. In the same year, he was recognized as one of the YMCA's 15 under 15 for his contributions to country music.

After a hiatus since 2019, he did a Burger King commercial in which he yodels about cow-based methane emissions in 2020. Ramsey said he now plays basketball under the name Mason Blake, and that he plays on an outside field with friends.

In 2022, Ramsey's song "Before I Knew It" from his 2019 EP Twang gained popularity on TikTok after he used it in several videos updating followers about his life, revealing he now works at Subway.

On June 30, 2023, Ramsey released the single "Reasons to Come Home", his first new music release in nearly four years. On August 4, 2023, Ramsey released his second single this year, "She Got It Outta Me", a month after the release of the first single. On September 15, 2023, Ramsey released another song, "Next Right Thing", which, along with the previous two tracks released this year, included on his new EP. All three songs released in 2023, also two new songs "All I Wanna Be" and "Falls Into Place" were released as part of the new EP "Falls Into Place" on October 20, 2023, after 4 years from the release of the previous EP.

Discography

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Music videos

Filmography

References

2006 births
Living people
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
American child singers
American Internet celebrities
Atlantic Records artists
Big Loud artists
Country musicians from Illinois
Internet memes
People from Golconda, Illinois
Yodelers
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Illinois
Country pop musicians
American male voice actors

Mason Ramsey


Anthony "Tony" Terran (May 30, 1926 – March 20, 2017) was an American trumpet player and session musician. He was part of The Wrecking Crew, which was a group of session musicians in Los Angeles, California. They earned wide acclaim in the 1960s. The Wrecking Crew was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame on November 26, 2007.

A very well known trumpeter in Los Angeles, Terran worked with The Baja Marimba Band, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Bee Gees, Ray Charles, Chicago, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, Bob Dylan, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, Bob Hope, Michael Jackson, Eartha Kitt, Peggy Lee, Madonna, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, Diana Ross, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, The Tijuana Brass, and Tom Waits.

Terran was born in Buffalo, New York. He died in Los Angeles on March 20, 2017, aged 90.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
American trumpeters
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from Buffalo, New York

Tony Terran


The Ventriloquist (Arnold Wesker) is a fictional Batman character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character uses an evil wooden ventriloquist puppet Scareface the Puppet that controls him to do his evil crimes. He was born into a powerful Gotham Mafia family until his parents were assassinated. He used the ventriloquist puppet to relieve his pain.

He was voiced by George Dzundza in Batman: The Animated Series.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters

Ventriloquist (comics)


Canadian Rivers Day () is held annually on the second Sunday in June to promote public awareness of the importance of preserving the heritage and health of Canada's rivers. Participating in Rivers Day helps to spread the message that rivers are vital to maintain a healthy ocean and a healthy earth.

History
On June 21, 2002, the Minister of Canadian Heritage, Sheila Copps, signed a Ministerial Proclamation to declare that the second Sunday of June would be celebrated annually as Canadian Rivers Day. In British Columbia, Canadians had already been celebrating BC Rivers Day (founded by Mark Angelo) for over two decades and the day is now the largest rivers-related event in North America. This day was such a hit in British Columbia that there is now a World Rivers Day which was announced on June 29, 2005, and is celebrated annually on the last Sunday of September.

Among the groups calling for an annual Canadian Rivers Day was the Canadian Heritage Rivers Board, comprising representatives from the Government of Canada and all the provincial and territorial governments. Delegates to the 2001 Canadian Rivers Heritage Conference unanimously endorsed the same concept.

Celebration
From the Yukon to Prince Edward Island, events are organized to commemorate Rivers Day. Celebrations include picnics, paddle-a-thons, voyageur canoeing, sharing river stories, creating river artwork, and taking a nature walk or a bicycle ride along a river.

References

External links
 Canadian Heritage River website
 Ottawa River Keeper
 Ten best rivers

Environment of Canada
June observances
Holidays and observances by scheduling (nth weekday of the month)

Canadian Rivers Day


The 1955 Alexandria earthquake occurred on September 12 at 06:09 UTC. The epicenter was located in the eastern Mediterranean, offshore of Alexandria, Egypt. The earthquake had a magnitude of Ms 6.3.

Damage was reported in the Nile Delta between Alexandria and Cairo. About 300 adobe houses were badly damaged around Lake Idku. The earthquake caused 18 deaths and 89 injuries, with 40 houses completely collapsed and about 420 houses ruined. The earthquake could also be felt in Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, and Greece.

See also
 List of earthquakes in 1955
 List of earthquakes in Egypt

References

External links

Alexandria earthquake, 1955
Alexandria earthquake
Alexandria earthquake
Earthquake, 1955
Earthquakes in Egypt

1955 Alexandria earthquake


Japanese curry (, ) is commonly served in three main forms: , curry udon (curry over thick noodles), and  (a curry-filled pastry). It is one of the most popular dishes in Japan. The very common "curry rice" is most often referred to simply as .

Along with the sauce, a wide variety of vegetables and meats are used to make Japanese curry. The basic vegetables are onions, carrots, and potatoes. Beef, pork, and chicken are the most popular meat choices. Katsu curry is a breaded deep-fried cutlet (tonkatsu; usually pork or chicken) with Japanese curry sauce.

In the UK, katsu curry is sometimes applied to any type of Japanese curry.

Overview
Curry originates in Indian cuisine and was brought to Japan from India by the British. The Imperial Japanese Navy used curry to prevent the malnutrition condition beriberi, and in the present day the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's Friday menu is curry. It is also nutritious, and easy to cook in mass quantity. The dish became popular and available for purchase at supermarkets and restaurants in the late 1960s. Since the introduction of curry, it was reinvented to suit Japanese tastes and ingredients. Japanese curry has little resemblance to curries from other regions. The dish has changed and been adapted so much since its introduction that it stands on its own as uniquely Japanese. It is so widely consumed that it can be called a national dish.

History

Curry was introduced to Japan during the Meiji era (1868–1912). At the time the Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule. Anglo-Indian officers of the Royal Navy brought the spice mix called curry powder to Japan. It was classified as yōshoku (Western food) since it came from the West. The word curry was probably adopted into the Japanese language as  in the late 1860s, when Japan was forced to abandon its isolation (sakoku) and came into contact with the British Empire. By the 1870s, curry began to be served in Japan, and became a staple within the Japanese diet.

Curry is commonly eaten as a rice dish in Japan,  (curry rice). The oldest Japanese mention of a dish called  (literally 'rice curry')—but as the misspelt —is in cookbooks from 1872. It was also described in an 1872 report, according to which foreign experts ate this at the Tokyo branch of the Hokkaidō prefectural government. However, the word was popularized by American professor William S. Clark who was employed at the Sapporo Agricultural College (now University of Hokkaido) in 1877. For 1873, there was a dish called curry rice on the menu of the Imperial Japanese Army Military Academy. Since its introduction it was reinvented with ingredients from Japanese cuisine to make it suitable for Japanese tastes.

It was not until the early twentieth century, when curry was adopted by the Japanese Navy and Army, that the dish began to become popular with the Japanese. After its favorable reception within the Japanese Army and Navy, it later became common in school cafeterias. By 2000, curry was a more frequent meal than sushi or tempura. The fame of the dish in Japan is mainly due to the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was modeled after the Royal Navy, whose sailors ate a meat stew with curry seasoning and bread as a side dish for their voyages, which was also provided by the Japanese Navy. This was called the  ('navy curry') of beef or chicken meat, potatoes, onions, carrots, rice and curry roux and a chutney of pickled vegetables (tsukemono) as described in the 1888 cookbook . The Maritime Self-Defense Force took over this tradition after the war and serves it every Friday with a salad, with each ship having its own variant.

In the civil sector, curry was particularly popular at the beginning of the Meiji period (1868–1912), as it first had to be imported, and was still an exclusive dish that could only be eaten in expensive restaurants specializing in Western cuisine. In the Taishō period (1912–1926), the dish became affordable for the general population, especially towards the end, with the introduction of domestically produced curry mixes.

Today, curry is one of the most popular daily dishes in Japan. In 2013, production totaled 7,570 tons of curry powder and 91,105 tons of ready-made sauces; sales in 2008 amounted to 7 billion yen for curry powder and 86 billion yen for ready-made sauces.

Curry similar to that served in the Indian subcontinent is known as Nakamura-ya curry. It was introduced to Japan by Rash Behari Bose (1886–1945) when he began to sell curry at , a bakery in Tokyo.

Sauce mixes
 is served on top of cooked rice to make curry rice. Curry sauce is made by frying together curry powder, flour, and oil, along with other ingredients, to make roux; the roux is then added to stewed meat and vegetables, and then simmered until thickened. Pressure cooking can be used as well. Adding potatoes to curry sauce was introduced by William S. Clark due to rice shortages at the time.

In Japanese homes, curry sauce is most commonly made from instant curry roux, which is available in block and powder forms. These contain curry powder, flour, oils, and various flavorings. Ease of preparation, variety, and availability of instant curry mixes made curry rice very popular, as it is very easy to make compared to many other Japanese dishes. Pre-made curry is available in retort pouches that can be reheated in boiling water. For those who make curry roux from scratch, there are also curry powders specially formulated to create the "Japanese curry" taste.

Instant curry roux was first sold in powder form by House Foods in 1926, and in block form by S&B Foods in 1956. In 2007, Japanese domestic shipments of instant curry roux was 82.7 billion yen. Market share for household use in 2007 was captured almost entirely by House Foods (59.0%), S&B Foods (25.8%) and Ezaki Glico (9.4%). Curry is marketed to children utilizing characters from video games and anime.

Retort pouch curry sauce, prepared by heating the retort pouch in hot water or the microwave, is also popular. As of 2007, curry sauce is the largest single category of vacuum-sealed foods in Japan, making up over 30% of sales.

Serving
Japanese curry rice is served in anything from a flat plate to a soup bowl. The curry is poured over rice in any manner and amount. Japanese short-grain rice, which is sticky and round, is preferred, rather than the medium-grain variety used in Indian dishes. It is usually eaten with a spoon, as opposed to chopsticks, because of the liquid nature of the curry. Curry rice is usually served with fukujinzuke or rakkyō on the side.

Other varieties

: Curry rice served with a breaded pork cutlet on top.
: Curry-flavored fried rice, or curry rice with a drier, mince meat curry sauce.
: Curry rice, served with the sauce and rice already mixed. Popularized by the  curry restaurants in Osaka.
: Curry sauce, thickened and flavored with mentsuyu or hondashi and served on top of a bowl of rice, to give the curry a Japanese flavor.
: Rice served with curry sauce and hayashi sauce (fried beef and onion, cooked with red wine and demi-glace).
: Curry rice, topped with a raw egg and baked in an oven. Originally from Kitakyushu.
: Curry sauce with rice served in a heated stone bowl, in a similar way to dolsot bibimbap.
: Soup curry, a watery, broth-like curry sauce served with chunky ingredients such as a chicken leg and coarsely-cut vegetables. Popular in Hokkaido.

Local curries
In the late 1990s, a number of regional specialty curries emerged, popularised as vacuum-sealed curry sauces. These include:
 from Hokkaido.
 from Aomori Prefecture.
 from Chiba Prefecture.
 from Nagano Prefecture and Aomori Prefecture.
 from Mito, Ibaraki.
 from Aichi Prefecture.
 from Mie Prefecture.
 from Wakayama Prefecture.
 from Hiroshima Prefecture.
 from Shimane Prefecture.
 from Kagoshima Prefecture.
 from Okinawa.

Local curries are also marketed to help boost tourism. Some varieties of this include , sold in Yokosuka to promote its heritage as a naval base, and  in Tsuchiura to promote the Zeppelin landing in 1929.

Outside Japan

South Korea
Curry was introduced to South Korea during the period of Japanese rule, and is popular there. It is often found at bunsik restaurants (diner-style establishments), donkkaseu-oriented restaurants, and at the majority of Japanese restaurants. Premade curry and powdered mixes are also readily available at supermarkets.

North Korea
Japanese-style curry was introduced to North Korea by Koreans and Japanese who were abducted from Japan to North Korea during the 1960s–1970s repatriation project. Along with other Japanese cuisine, it was traded by new arrivals for local products and used to bribe Workers' Party cadres.

Elsewhere
Mixes can be found outside Japan and Korea in supermarkets that have a Japanese section or in Japanese or Asian food stores. Mixes are also available from retailers online.

The largest Japanese curry company in Japan is House Foods Corporation. The company operated more than 10 Curry House restaurants in the US until mid-2019 when it sold off its interest to CH Acquisitions LLC, which abruptly closed the restaurants in February 2020. House Foods associated company CoCo Ichibanya (Ichibanya Co., Ltd.) or Kokoichi has more than 1,200 restaurants in Japan. CoCo Ichibanya has branches in China, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States (more specifically Hawaii and California), and India.

Japanese curry and curry sauce are sometimes referred to inaccurately as "katsu curry" in the UK, even in cases where the katsu (cutlet) itself is not included.

See also
 Rice and curry
 Gyūdon

References

Further reading

East Asian curries
Curry
Japanese rice dishes
National dishes

Japanese curry


Jonathan Frankel (July 15, 1935 in London – May 7, 2008 in Jerusalem) was a historian and writer. He was a lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1964 to 1985, and a professor between 1985 and 2004.

Influence
Frankel was a noted historian of Modern Jewry, as testified in many obituaries: "the most highly regarded historian of modern Jewry of his generation" (Steven Zipperstein, The Independent); "arguably the greatest historian of modern Jewry of his generation" (The Times); "a brilliant historian of Russian and Jewish history" (David Cesarani, The Guardian,).

Frankel contributed to the historiography of East European Jewish life with his book Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews, 1862–1917 (1982), which became a classic at the moment of its publication. This work approached Jewish history of the nineteenth and early twentieth century from a completely new perspective.

He is credited with having "helped establish the Department of Russian and Slavic Studies" at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Family
Frankel married Edith Rogovin in 1963; they have two daughters.

Books
 Vladimir Akimov on the Dilemmas of Russian Marxism 1895-1903: The Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Cambridge University Press, 1969.
 Prophecy and Politics: socialism, nationalism and the Russian Jews, 1862-1917. Cambridge University Press, 1984,  1984. — 686 pages (translated into Hebrew, Italian and Russian).
 The Damascus Affair: 'Ritual Murder', Politics, and the Jews in 1840. Cambridge University Press, 1997. — 491 pages. —   (Review / Middle East Quarterly, Volume 13 / September 1, 1998) (translated into Hebrew).
 Social Radicalism: "Jewish Socialism" and Jewish Labour Movement in Eastern Europe, Open University of Israel, 2007 (in Hebrew).
 Crisis, Revolution, and Russian Jews. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Other works
 Jonathan Frankel, Jewish politics and the Russian Revolution of 1905, Tel-Aviv, Tel Aviv University, 1982 (21 pages)

Obituaries
 Steven J. Zipperstein, "Remembering Our Colleagues: Jonathan Frankel (1935 - 2008)," Association for Jewish Studies, January 2008.
 Vladimir Levin, Professor Jonathan Frankel (1935-2008), Journal East European Jewish Affairs, Volume 38, Issue 3, December 2008, pp. 251 - 252.
 Semion Gol'din and Vladimir Levin, "In memoriam of Jonathan Frankel," in: Arkhiv evreiskoi istorii, Vol. 5 (2008), pp. 347–351 (in Russian).
 Eli Lederhendler, "In Memoriam: Jonathan Frankel, 1935–2008," American Jewish History, July 2009, 94 (3), pp. 225-227.
 Jonathan Frankel - Thought-provoking contributor to Jewish and Russian history
 Professor Jonathan Frankel: Historian of Russia and modern Jewry

References

1935 births
2008 deaths
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Historians of Jews and Judaism
British historians of religion
British male non-fiction writers
20th-century British historians
21st-century British historians

Jonathan Frankel


Renzo Rabellino (born in Turin on September 12, 1958) is the leader of the No Euro Movement, a political party in Italy that advocates the return of the Italian lira for the Italian currency and government control of the central bank.

Elected in 1990 in the regional council of Piedmont with the Northern League, he left the party in 1993 to found the League for Piedmont (Lega per il Piemonte). In 1994 the party changed its name into Piemont Nation (Piemonte Nazione).

Renzo Rabellino is known for being the inventor of many "owl lists" (liste civetta), namely phony parties with names and symbols similar to the bigger parties and with candidates homonymous of the most famous politicians.

In the 2006 italian general election, Rabellino ran with his party No Euro into the House of Freedoms, receiving less than 0.1% of the popular vote.

In the 2009 provincial elections, Renzo Rabellino, who was a joint-candidate of several small parties, won 3.5% of the vote and he was elected to the Provincial Council of Turin with the Piedmont Padanian League.

In 2012, the Turin Tribunal condemned Rabellino for two years and ten months of imprisonment for the irregularities about the presentation of six lists in the 2010 regional elections in Piedmont.

See also
Italian general election, 2006
No Euro Movement
House of Freedoms

References

Living people
Italian politicians
1958 births

Renzo Rabellino


"Arrival" is the first episode of the allegorical British science fiction TV series The Prisoner. It was written by George Markstein and David Tomblin, and directed by Don Chaffey. It was first broadcast in the UK on ITV (ATV Midlands and Grampian) on Friday 29 September 1967, and first aired in the United States on CBS on Saturday 1 June 1968.

The episode introduced the character of Number Six, portrayed by co-creator Patrick McGoohan, and introduced Guy Doleman and George Baker in the role of Number Two, the regularly changing administrator of The Village in which Number Six was incarcerated.

The episode introduced most of the concepts of the series present throughout its run, as Number Two used various means to find out why Number Six had abruptly resigned from his intelligence job.

Plot summary
An unidentified British intelligence agent storms into his employer's London office to hand in his resignation. He returns home in his Lotus Seven and hastily packs a bag to go travelling, unaware that a hearse has followed him home. The hearse driver releases knockout gas into the man's home via the keyhole. The man collapses in his study. Later, the man wakes up in what appears to be his study, but finds it is a mockup located in "The Village". He asks the colourfully clad residents of the Village what country he is in, but they cannot provide a satisfactory answer. He discovers the Village is surrounded by mountains save for its beachline, which opens onto the ocean with no sign of land nearby. Frustrated, he returns to the mockup study and finds it is attached to a modern flat. There, he receives a phone call and is told that Number Two wants to meet him at the Green Dome.

At the Green Dome, where several technicians monitor all aspects of the Village, Number Two tells the man they only wish to know why he resigned and to whom he is loyal, as the intelligence he has gathered over his career is too valuable to simply let him "walk away". Number Two suggests they would rather have his cooperation, but are prepared to use other means as needed. Number Two takes the man on a tour of the Village to show him the security systems they have in place to keep the inhabitants in line, including Rover, a mysterious floating balloon guardian that attacks those who flee. Later that night, the man attempts escape by sea but Rover catches him and renders him unconscious.

The man wakes in the Village's hospital, and finds a former colleague, Cobb, in the next bed. The man learns Cobb is also incarcerated in the Village, but before he can learn more, the hospital staff take him away for examination. On his return, he is told Cobb committed suicide by jumping out of the window. The man is released, and goes to accost Number Two, but finds that a different man is in the Green Dome. The new Number Two explains they may change that position from time to time for unexplained reasons. He then explains that no one in the Village uses his or her name, but is instead assigned a number, and the man is now Number Six. Number Six refuses to use this title as he adjusts to life in the Village.

Number Six attends Cobb's funeral and observes a woman watching from afar, and proceeds to follow her around the Village before he talks to her directly. The woman, Number Nine, claims to have been working with Cobb on an escape plan, and suggests that Number Six can still use the same plan. She gives him an electropass that can keep Rover at bay, giving him time to escape via a helicopter. Number Six has doubts about her motives as he had seen her talking to Number Two, but accepts the pass. That night, Number Six uses the pass and acquires a helicopter, but as he flies off, one of the technicians remotely takes over the helicopter and returns it to the Village. Number Six is escorted back to his home in the Village. Number Two is watching these events with Cobb, who had faked his death to mislead Number Six. With his assignment complete, Cobb prepares to move on to his next duty, but warns Number Two that Number Six will be "a tough nut to crack".

Cast

 Virginia Maskell . . . The Woman
 Guy Doleman . . . Number Two
 Paul Eddington . . . Cobb
 George Baker . . . The New Number Two
 Angelo Muscat . . . The Butler
 Barbara Yu Ling . . . Taxi driver (Number 18)
 Stephanie Randall . . . Maid (Number 66)
 Jack Allen . . . Doctor
 Fabia Drake . . . Welfare worker
 Denis Shaw . . . Shopkeeper (Number 19)
 Oliver MacGreevy . . . Gardener/electrician
 Frederick Piper . . . Ex-Admiral (Number 66)
 Patsy Smart . . . Waitress (Number 104)
 Christopher Benjamin . . . Labour Exchange manager (Number 20)
 Peter Swanwick . . . Supervisor (Number 28)
 David Garfield . . . Hospital attendant
 Peter Brace . . . 1st Guardian
 Keith Peacock . . . 2nd Guardian
 Fenella Fielding . . . Announcer/Operator (voice only)

Production

Exterior shots at Portmeirion
The first draft script by George Markstein was completed in the spring of 1966. David Tomblin then assisted Markstein and they prepared a script that Patrick McGoohan then further adapted. In late June 1966 a shooting script had been finalised (now called "The Arrival"). Principal locating filming began in Portmeirion on 5 September 1966, with Don Chaffey as director.

Further scenes were shot on 6 September, but Guy Doleman (playing Number Two) was suffering from cracked ribs and his presence only lasted two days. The plan was to complete shooting at Portmeirion by 9 September but filming was to overrun by several days. The aerial shots from the helicopter were filmed between 14 and 16 September. A body double was used for the now absent Guy Doleman. Chaffey was still filming exterior shots for the episode on 18 September. On 30 September, the last day of shooting at Portmeirion, McGoohan directed a number of shots including Rover's attack on a Villager in the main piazza.

During the shooting in September it was realised that the initial idea for the guardian 'Rover' was unworkable. Initially the device was intended as a black-and-white domed contraption with a blue light on top. Inside was a go-kart and room enough for a man to steer. It quickly became evident that the contraption was unsteerable on Portmeirion's cobbled streets. A version that would act on water simply sank. Whose idea it was to use weather balloons is contested but it would appear someone saw them being used over the estuary and decided they could be used as 'Rover'.

Interior shots at MGM-British, Borehamwood
During the first two weeks of October 1966, the interior scenes were shot at the MGM-British Studios. All of guest stars George Baker (new Number Two) and Paul Eddington (Cobb) were shot in this period. A key set was redressed as Number Two's living quarters, the Control Room and the Labour Exchange. Other shots showed the General Store and the interior of Number Six's cottage.

Editing
Editing of "Arrival" began immediately after the interior shots were completed. Lee Doig had a rough cut of the episode prepared by the end of December 1966. Geoff Foot also finished the opening sequence for the episode – this longer version was only used to introduce this episode. The initial cut was some 90 minutes long and numerous cuts had to be made to bring it down to the required 48 minutes for transmission.

Music
Robert Farnon composed the first score and cues for the episode on 20 December 1966. His score and theme tune was rejected, and Wilfred Josephs was commissioned to write another in early January 1967.

The first edit of the episode appeared in February 1967, but by March much of Josephs' score had been removed. Ron Grainer was asked to create a theme tune and his was later used on all episodes, a longer version prepared for the extended opening sequence in "Arrival". Additional incidental music cues created by Albert Elms.

Alternative version
During the production of the last four episodes of The Prisoner series (the episode "Living in Harmony" was being made) ITC arranged for a press conference to take place at MGM-British studios in Borehamwood on 20 September 1967 – a week before the scheduled transmission on some British TV channels. At the press coverage Patrick McGoohan (at the start wearing his kosho uniform, a made up martial art used in the series) was interviewed inside the cage shown in the episode "Once Upon a Time". Also present was Angelo Muscat, the mute butler seen in most episodes, and Alexis Kanner. Two episodes – "Arrival" and "The Chimes of Big Ben" – were played to the press. Both episodes had different title sequences at start and finish to that eventually broadcast, as well as with different theme music (by Albert Elms rather than Ron Grainer) and different edits of scenes including different shots and extra dialogue. The alternative version of "Arrival" was released by the Network imprint on DVD in the UK in 2003. A 2007 DVD release included an improved-quality version, digitally remastered from a faded 35mm print, which can also be viewed with a music-only soundtrack.

Broadcast
The broadcast date of the episode varied in different ITV regions of the UK. The episode was first shown at 7:30pm on Friday 29 September 1967 on ATV Midlands and Grampian Television, on Sunday 1 October on ATV London, Southern Television, Westward Television and Tyne-Tees; on Thursday 5 October on Scottish Television, on Friday 6 October on Anglia Television, on Thursday 19 October on Border Television and on Friday 27 October on Granada Television in the North West. The aggregate viewing figures for the ITV regions that debuted the season in 1967 have been estimated at 11.0 million. In Northern Ireland, the episode did not debut until Saturday 6 January 1968, and in Wales, the episode was not broadcast until Wednesday 7 January 1970.

Rover
Rover, the white balloon guardian, made its first appearance in this episode but was not identified by this name on-screen until the later episode "The Schizoid Man".

References

Sources
  – script of episode

External links

1967 British television episodes
British television series premieres
The Prisoner episodes

fr:L'Arrivée (Le Prisonnier)
it:Episodi de Il prigioniero#Arrivo all'isola

Arrival (The Prisoner)


Fine Feathers is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Fred Sittenham and starring Eugene Pallette, Claire Whitney, Thomas W. Ross, Warburton Gamble and June Elvidge, produced and distributed by Metro Pictures Corporation. The library of Congress shows a release date of June 20, 1921 but there is evidence that Fine Feathers was being screened on June 18 at the Rose Theater in Santa Rosa California and as early as June 17 at the Star Theater in Monterey California. This production is the second movie adaptation of Eugene Walter's 1912 play of the same name. Three complete 35 mm copies were donated by M.G.M. to the U.S. Archive. A nitrate picture negative, an acetate positive print and an acetate fine grain master, all kept at the Eastman Museum in Rochester, NY.

Synopsis

Bob Reynolds is a young construction engineer, living with his pretty wife Jane in an old bungalow on Staten Island. He has become bitter because of his failure to get ahead and the fact that he is unable to get the clothes which he wishes for his wife. One night at the theater they witness the production of "Paid in Full" and Bob's sympathies are with the husband who succumbs to the temptation to steal, while Jane chides him, saying nothing should cause a man to be dishonest.

A few days later Bob receives a letter from John Brand, a shrewd conscienceless capitalist whom he has known in college. He asks Bob to visit him and after chiding the young engineer for always playing the game straight, he makes him a proposition which he says will place him on easy street and enable him to buy Jane the fine feathers she should wear. He offers Bob a large sum for accepting an inferior grade of cement for a dam which Bob's company is constructing, and after a struggle with his conscience, the young man accepts.

Two years pass and Bob and Jane enjoy the luxuries of the wealth that has come to them. Brand, however dislikes to see the young man enjoy the wealth and he persuades him to gamble in stocks which he manipulates until the young man is wiped out. Bob then sees himself for what he is, a sneak and a thief.

The crash comes one evening while Mr. and Mrs. Brand are entertaining guests. Bob attempts to drown his sorrow in drink and then confesses his plight to Jane, seeking to lay his downfall on her.

The memory of "Paid in Full" returns to Bob and he suggests that Jane go to Brand's apartments and plead with him. She accuses the man of deliberately ruining her husband and because he is fascinated with her, he consents to help them. But at this point word reaches them that the great dam with the inferior cement has broken and hundreds of persons have been swept to their doom. Bob confronts his wife with the news, insinuates she gave herself to Brand as payment for his help. She bitterly denies this, but in a drunken frenzy Bob goes to Brand's home, shoots him and then calling the police to tell them Brand has been killed, he places the gun to his own head and fires.

Cast
 Eugene Pallette as Bob Reynolds
 Claire Whitney as Jane Reynolds
 Thomas W. Ross as Dick Meade
 Warburton Gamble as John Brand
 June Elvidge as Mrs. Brand

Production

 On July 20, 1920, the New York Clipper writes that Fred Sittenham who is finishing filming Clothes has been selected by Maxwell Karger, Metro's Director General, to direct the upcoming production of Fine Feathers. Frederick Truesdell who is playing in The Gold Diggers on Broadway, is also said to have been hired for the role of John Brand but on September 26, 1920, The Illustrated Buffalo Express runs an article announcing that he was replaced by Warburton Gamble and that Truesdell was shifted to playing J.B. Hollis, Brand's partner.

Louise Huff was initially cast as Jane Reynolds but became ill. Metro went through dozens of actresses before they found Claire Whitney at the beginning of August 1920.

Fine Feathers was mostly shot in New York City in August, September and October 1920 at the Metro studios on 61st Street for the interiors. Some exterior scenes were shot on Staten Island, the Kensico reservoir was used as a location for the dam and one elaborate exterior crowd scene was shot in front of the Comedy Theatre on 41st Street. On August 7, 1920, the trade journal, The Moving Picture World breaks the news that "Permission has been obtained from the city police and the fire departments by Fred H. (sic) Sittenham, director of Metro's all-star picturization of Eugene Walter's stage play, "Fine Feathers," to take some exterior scenes before one of New York's leading theatres during the "wee sma'" hours of the morning." The scene was to feature 1,500 extras representing a typical New York theatre crowd on a Saturday night during a thunder shower. Principal photography ended at the beginning of October with exterior shots for Brand's home filmed at Billie Burke's "summer place", Burkeley Crest, now demolished and that was part of the Ziegfeld estate at Hastings-on-Hudson.

The Visalia Times, a year after the Moving Picture World's article and 3 months after the release of the movie, reports on September 20, 1921, in a fairly detailed article that the Metro had built the facade of the Belasco in Yonkers for the theater scene. This is implausible for two reasons. One this was a movie made on a tight budget and building the facade of an entire building would have been prohibitively expensive but more importantly, there is at least one contemporaneous account of the overnight shoot in front of the Comedy Theatre. A writer for Picture-Play Magazine going by the pen name of The Bystander writes "And that evening, on the way home, at about half-past two, what do you suppose we ran into? A company taking scenes in front of one of the Broadway theaters for "Fine Feathers," the Metro picture. And one of the men in our party knew Fred Sittenham, who was directing. and asked him if we couldn't be in the crowd, and he said we could, and we stayed there till dawn came up on Broadway".

Claire Whitney who plays Jane Reynolds, the leading female role, will say to the press that she has discovered a new set of film production critics who constitute the most reliable barometer for the success of any particular scene in the production. While working on location in Staten Island, she was always watched by scores of children of various ages who lived in the vicinity and after talking with a number of them, she decided that if they did not like any particular scene, it had better be retaken.

For the bursting of the dam, art director M.P. Staulcup built a miniature dam in the Metro New York studio, showing the wide spillway, the rock shores and the narrow valley with its entrance blocked by the great dam and the country spread out below it. To conform to the every little block of masonry in the dam, it was plastered together so to insure realism when the flood waters would start eating it away. The carefully constructed model was mounted on a large base with an outlet to carry off the water and two fire hoses trained on the back of the model. With the cameraman stationed close to the miniature, the water was turned on and as the basin began to fill the camera registered the growing flood. Under the force of the water the lightly plastered masonry started to crumble and with a rush the entire spillway gave way. The cameraman said the only casualty was his thoroughly drenched pants.

Despite those efforts, Wid's Daily will write that "The model certainly doesn't look at all real". The Exhibitor Herald will add "The scene of the bursting dam — a plaster of paris affair — would not fool the novice in filmdom, as it looked nothing like the massive stone structure against which the company was photographed several times previously".

Critical reception

Fine Feathers was neither a commercial nor a critical success. Laurence Reid in The Motion Picture News felt that the idea behind the picture had been used so often as to lose its effectiveness and that the movie was slow with an almost total absence of suspense. The reviewer from Variety was in agreement and thought that he might have watched an edited version of the movie as it was advertised to be in six reels, but the version he saw was considerably less than an hour. His verdict: "It was just as well". Just like Lawrence Reid, he lamented the lack of action leading up to a single situation. "Tense enough to be sure, but still but one".

Wid's Daily bluntly states: Not the Best Kind of Entertainment Available. They find the production satisfactory, but containing evidence of revisions and cutting which probably benefited the movie but left it plagued with continuity errors. They also mention too many title cards and as a whole, too heavy for summer entertainment.

Exhibitors Daily writes that this "adapted play fails to convince as the spoken drama did. Cheaply produced and shows marks of age.

See also

Fine Feathers (play)

References

External links

1921 films
American silent feature films
1920s English-language films
1920s American films
1921 drama films
Silent American drama films
Metro Pictures films
English-language drama films

Fine Feathers (1921 film)


Annica Dahlström (born 1941) is a Swedish physician and Professor Emerita of Histology and Neuroscience at the Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology at Gothenburg University.

Dahlström's research focuses on how nerve cells store and transport signals, but she has also published research on many other areas of histology and neuroscience.  She earned her doctorate at 25 as the youngest Swedish physician to earn a doctorate. She was Professor of Histology and Neuroscience at Gothenburg University from 1983 until her 2008 retirement.

Dahlström has taken part in the debate on the relationship between gender and brain function. In 2007, she published the book Könet sitter i hjärnan (The gender is in the brain), which she described as a concentrate of the last 15 years of international research on the brain and how the brain affects human behavior.
This book, mostly referencing studies performed before 1990, has been publicly criticized for inaccuracies.

Her most cited scientific paper, "Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system," was cited over 5,500 times as of 2013. Dahlström has published over 340 scientific papers.

References

1941 births
Living people
Swedish neuroscientists
Swedish women neuroscientists
Swedish women academics
Swedish women scientists
University of Gothenburg
Swedish biologists
Histologists
21st-century Swedish women writers

Annica Dahlström


The Bombo shooting was a mass murder that occurred in Bombo, Uganda on 9 March 2013. The perpetrator, 30-year-old Patrick Okot Odoch, a private in the Uganda People's Defence Force, shot and killed nine people in a bar and, while fleeing, a tenth victim. Odoch fled and was arrested ten days later, and was charged with murder and attempted murder. On 4 June, Odoch was found guilty of murder and sentenced to 90 years imprisonment.

Background
On 5 March 2013, a combined group of army deserters and assorted armed criminals attacked the Mbuya barracks belonging to the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) to steal the weapons located there.

Patrick Okot Odoch, a private in the UPDF who had a history of poor behavior and previously had been arrested for consuming bhang, was attached to the nearby Bombo barracks. Inspired by the chaos at the Mbuya barracks, on the following night of 6 March, Odoch had wanted to rape Grace Chandiru, the 14-year-old daughter of his commander, Sergeant Onesmus Odule. Odoch saw Grace at the Yumbe Boys' Bar in Pakele, a bar frequented by local military personnel and their families, and attempted to rape her. Odoch fled when Grace raised alarm, prompting her father Sergeant Odule to report the incident to police on the next day, 7 March, for which Odoch promised revenge.

Odoch entered the bar, locked the doors, before opening them again and leaving, probably planning his shooting. Odoch entered the bar again the next day at 9p.m. while the Odules were present, this time with a colleague, however the owner told him to drink somewhere else, referring him to the incident that occurred on 7 March.

Shooting
During the night of 8 March, while Odoch was on duty as part of the 23rd Air Defence Regiment, he deserted his post armed with an AK-47 assault rifle and 30 rounds of ammunition. Upon entering the bar on 9 March at 12:12am, Odoch opened fire on the people present, killing Sergeant Odule, his wife Florence, the owner of the bar Amina Aseru, as well as four other soldiers and two civilians, while two people were wounded. Odoch then left and went towards Gogonya, about a mile (1.5 km) from the bar, where he killed another person. Before finally fleeing he also robbed Halima Lukiya, stealing her hand bag, a mobile phone, and USh  in cash.

Nine of his victims died on the spot, while David Komakech died one hour later from excessive loss of blood. There were 23 spent rounds recovered by police from the crime scene.

Victims

Wounded were Joyce Asiyo, 44, and Ismail Akbar, 14, son of Amina Aseru. Reportedly Sgt. Francis Ogugu was also injured.

After the shooting the army offered every family of the victims  in condolence and for burial arrangements, as well as coffins and transportation of the dead to their ancestral homes.

Arrest and conviction
Following the shooting, security measures were tightened, and all army deserters in the area were ordered to leave, or they would risk arrest. Also a night curfew was imposed, forcing all businesses to close at 10pm, and limiting movement from 11pm onward.

Joint forces of the police and the army searched for Odoch, and laid traps to capture him. The search operations resulted in the finding of Odoch's uniform on 10 March, and on 14 March the rifle used in the shooting, which was recovered near a factory in Nakatonya Village in Nyimbwa Sub-county and was still loaded with three rounds. When Odoch called his colleagues to ask for financial help, investigators managed to track his mobile phone. He was arrested between 18 and 19 March at Abere Trading Centre in Ngai Sub-county in Oyam District, brought to the army barracks in Lira and charged with murder, attempted murder, misuse of a firearm, aggravated robbery, and failing to protect war materials, before being transferred back to Bombo, where he was held to be court-martialed in a public trial.

After denying all charges raised against him, Odoch was put in remand at Makindye Military Prison until 17 April. Preliminary hearings for the case began on 22 April at Bombo Town Health Centre. The maximum punishment Odoch is facing for the crime is a death sentence.

See also
Kampala wedding massacre
Kamwenge Trading Centre shooting
Arua nightclub shooting
List of massacres in Uganda
Human rights in Uganda

References

External links
Bombo killings: Four testify against soldier, Daily Monitor (April 23, 2013)
Bombo shooting: Army court denies soldier bail, Daily Monitor (April 24, 2013)
Bombo killings: Court adjourns public hearing, Daily Monitor (April 26, 2013)
Bombo killer faces 12 witnesses, The Observer (April 26, 2013)
UPDF soldier on trial for killing 10 people, New Vision (April 22, 2013)
Angry Mob Crave For Bombo Murderer's Flesh, NBS (April 22, 2013)
Bombo Court: More Witnesses Pin Soldier, NBS (April 23, 2013)
Bomb Court Martial: More witnesses pin Private Okot Odoch, NBS (April 23, 2013)
Witness: I Saw PTE. Odoch Shoot My Friend Dead, NBS (April 23, 2013)
Bombo murder suspect in court today, KFM (April 22, 2013)
Trial of Bombo shooting suspect kicks off, KFM (April 22, 2013)
UPDF soldier denied bail, trial continues tomorrow, KFM (April 22, 2013)

2013 crimes in Uganda
Mass murder in 2013
Spree shootings in Uganda
Luweero District
March 2013 events in Africa
2010s murders in Uganda
Mass shootings in Uganda

Bombo shooting


The Armenian Revolutionary Federation History Museum () is a museum in Yerevan, Armenia, that displays the history of the First Republic of Armenia and the ARF with its notable members.

The museum initially opened in 1946 in Paris, France and throughout the years, accumulated as many as 3,000 artifacts. The Museum was inaugurated in Yerevan during an official ceremony on July 13, 2007, at the Kristapor Mikaelian Center. Dashnak leaders such as Hrant Markarian and supporters were present at the opening. Socialist International president Luis Ayala was also present and welcomed the opening of the museum as a historic and important turning point in the ARF's history.

The museum displays government documents, stamps and other artifacts. The first of its exhibits is dedicated to the Democratic Republic of Armenia of 1918 to 1920. It displays official documents presented by Armenia at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 as well as personal effects from the first republic's prime ministers; Hamo Ohanjanyan, Alexander Khatisyan, Simon Vratsian and Hovhannes Katchaznouni. Personal effects from generals Andranik Ozanyan and Drastamat Kanayan are among the highlights of the exhibit as well.

The director of the Genocide Museum and Institute Haik Demoyan has called one of the initial exhibits one of the richest collections from one of Armenia's "most dramatic" historical turning points.

References

Armenian Revolutionary Federation
History museums in Armenia
Museums in Yerevan

ARF History Museum


Imam-Quli Khan (; died 1632) was an Iranian military and political leader of Georgian origin who served as a governor of Fars, Lar and Bahrain for the shahs Abbas I and Safi.

Biography
Imam-Quli Khan was the son of Allahverdi Khan (Undiladze), the celebrated Georgian general in the service of Iran's Safavid dynasty. Imam-Quli Khan is first mentioned as governor of Lar in Fars in 1610. He succeeded his father as governor-general (beglarbeg) of Fars in 1613, but retained his position at Lar and was granted the rank of an amir of the divan by Shah Abbas I. In 1619-20, Imam-Quli Khan oversaw Abbas's project to link the headwaters of the Karun and Zayandarud rivers in order to enhance the water supply of his capital, Isfahan. Shah Abbas placed complete trust in Imam-Quli Khan who grew in influence and prestige and became one of the wealthiest khans of the Safavid empire. One day, Shah Abbas even jokingly said to Imam-Quli: "I request, Imam-Quli, that you will spend one dirham less per day, that there may exist some slight difference between the disbursements of a khan and a king!"

Imam-Quli built a madrasa and many palaces in Shiraz and the still standing bridge Pol-e Khan over the Kor at Marvdasht.

Being in charge of the Safavids' southern possessions, Imam-Quli Khan continued his father's policy of undermining the Portuguese positions in the Persian Gulf. In 1621, he persuaded the English East India Company to cooperate with the Persians by threatening to cancel the trading privileges that had been granted to the company by the shah in 1615. As a result, Imam-Quli Khan's army aided by the English navy captured the strategic Portuguese fort on the island of Qeshm and laid a siege to Hormuz, which surrendered after a defence of ten weeks on 22 April 1622. The khan's military exploits are commemorated in the works by the poet Qadri from Fars.

According to the Safavid historian Fazli Khuzani, Imam-Quli Khan had 22 daughters, of which some were married to Safavid Georgian gholams of noble origin in 1622. In 1626, when Imam-Quli's daughter and son-in-law Anduqapar Amilakhori were captured by rebellious Georgians, Abbas I sent a large army in order to rescue them.

Fall and death

After the death of Abbas, Imam-Quli Khan found himself in disagreement with new favorites of Shah Safi, Abbas's successor to the throne of Persia, and became marginalized. This circumstance lasted until he and his two sons, one of them being Safiqoli Khan, were put to death at Safi's orders in late 1632, while his vast possessions were converted into the crown domain in 1633. This formed the prelude to the massacre of the rest of his family. Only his brother, Daud Khan, survived as he had fled to Georgia. Though the Undiladze Safavid Georgian line was nearly completely eliminated after the purge, the succession of the line amongst the court elites was assured by Ja'far Qoli, a grandson of Imam-Quli Khan by a daughter. A statue to Imam-Quli Khan was erected in Qeshm in the 1990s.

References

Sources

Roger M. Savory, EMĀMQOLĪ KHAN, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition (LINK)

1632 deaths
Safavid generals
Iranian people of Georgian descent
Executed Iranian people
Shia Muslims from Georgia (country)
Year of birth unknown
Executed people from Georgia (country)
People executed by Safavid Iran
Safavid governors of Fars
Undiladze
Safavid governors of Lar
17th-century people from Safavid Iran
Safavid ghilman

Imam Quli Khan (Safavid governor)


A Man in Love (, ) is a 1987 French-Italian-British drama film directed by Diane Kurys. Her first English language film, it was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
Jane Steiner (Greta Scacchi) is an English-born actress considering giving up on her unfulfilling career as an actress to become a writer. She lives in France with her French mother Julia and English father Harry. By chance, during an excursion to Rome with her journalist father, she is offered a small part in an American film set in the 1950s about Cesare Pavese as Gabriella, Pavese's love interest. The lead role is played by Steve Elliot (Peter Coyote), a charming American who is passionate about the writer he is playing, although his work is unknown in the United States. He is married to Susan (Jamie Lee Curtis), who is at home in New York City but falls in love with his co-star Jane on the set. After meeting Steve, Jane abandons her relationship with her French lover and friend Bruno (Vincent Lindon).

After Jane's part in the movie is finished, she moves into Steve's rented villa on the outskirts of Rome while he continues to work on the film at the studio. The two of them soon become lovers and embark on a torrid affair, which is almost discovered when Susan shows up one day in Rome to see Steve on a surprise visit with their children; however, Steve's best friend Michael Pozner (Peter Riegert) manages to sneak Jane out of the house before she is discovered. Complications for Jane continue when Bruno tracks her down to Rome and eventually discovers the affair. In a jealous rage, he leaks the affair to the press just as Steve completes his work on the film. To makes things worse, Jane learns that her mother has terminal cancer and will die soon unless she returns to France quickly.

As the film comes to a close, Jane and Steve quietly end their romance since Steve has told Jane that he is unable to leave Susan or his family. Steve returns to America and Jane returns to France to be at her mother's side when she dies. After mourning the loss of her mother, Jane decides to embrace her future as a writer and in the final scene, she is writing her first book; it is a romance story loosely based on her relationship with Steve.

Cast
 Peter Coyote as Steve Elliott
 Greta Scacchi as Jane Steiner
 Jamie Lee Curtis as Susan Elliott
 Claudia Cardinale as Julia Steiner
 Peter Riegert as Michael Pozner
 John Berry as Harry Steiner
 Vincent Lindon as Bruno Schlosser
 Jean Pigozzi as Dante Pizani
 Elia Katz as Sam
 Constantin Alexandrov as De Vitta
 Jean-Claude de Goros as Sandro
 Michele Melega as Paolo
 Jole Silvani as Olga

References

External links

1987 films
1987 drama films
Adultery in films
Films scored by Georges Delerue
Films about actors
Films about filmmaking
Films directed by Diane Kurys
Films set in Rome
French drama films
Italian drama films
1980s French-language films
1980s Italian-language films
1987 multilingual films
French multilingual films
Italian multilingual films
1980s Italian films
1980s French films
French-language Italian films

A Man in Love (1987 film)


Susan Westerberg Prager (born December 14, 1942) is an American legal scholar and administrator.  Prager served as the 11th Dean and President of Southwestern Law School for eight years from 2013 to 2021, and was the first woman in the history of the law school to serve in the post.

Early life
On December 14, 1942, Prager was born in Sacramento, California. Prager grew up in Sloughhouse, California, a small agricultural community.

Education
In 1964, Prager earned her B.A. degree in history from Stanford University. Prager also earned an M.A. degree in history from Stanford University.  She received her J.D. degree from UCLA and was editor-in-chief of the UCLA Law Review.

Career
Before leading Southwestern Law School, Prager served as the sixth Executive Director and CEO of the Association of American Law Schools for six years.  Prior to her service at the AALS, Prager was the provost of Dartmouth College.

From 1982 through 1996, Prager was the dean of the UCLA School of Law, giving her the longest tenure of any dean in UCLA Law history.
Prager was the 13th President and the first woman President at Occidental College.

In 1982, Prager became the first female dean of a law school in the UC system and only one of two female law school deans in the country. When Prager left her deanship in 1998, the law school established a faculty chair in her name. In addition, during her tenure at UCLA, Prager became the second woman to serve as the president of the Association of American Law Schools.

Prager served for 14 years as a trustee of Stanford University during which time she served as the Vice President of the Board and she chaired the board's Academic Policy Committee.  Prager also worked for U.S. Senator Thomas Kuchel of California, the minority whip in the Senate from 1959-1969, and for members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and the California State Assembly. She practiced law at Powe, Porter & Alphin in Durham, North Carolina before returning to the UCLA School of Law faculty, where she focused on family law, community property, and historic preservation law.

Personal life
Prager's husband is Jim Prager. They have two daughters.

See also
 Occidental College

References

External links
 Life after 100 at Oxy.edu
 A Brief History if Oxy via archive.org

1942 births
Living people
Presidents of Occidental College
Stanford University alumni
UCLA School of Law alumni
Stanford University trustees
Lawyers from Sacramento, California
UCLA School of Law faculty

Susan Westerberg Prager


Pope John Paul II entered the papacy in 1978 as an avid sportsman, enjoying hiking and swimming.  The 58-year-old was extremely healthy and active for his age, jogging in the Vatican gardens to the horror of Vatican staff, who informed him that his jogging could be seen by tourists climbing to the summit of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope's response, according to media reports, was "so what?"  When the cost of installing a swimming pool in his summer residence was queried by cardinals, John Paul joked that it was "cheaper than another conclave".

John Paul's obvious physical fitness and looks earned much comment in the media following his election, which compared his health and trim figure to the poor health of John Paul I and Paul VI, the portliness of Pope John XXIII and the constant claims of ailments of Pius XII. The only modern pope with a keep-fit regime had been Pope Pius XI (r: 1922–1939) who was an avid mountain climber. An Irish Independent article in the 1980s labelled John Paul "the keep-fit pope".

However, after over twenty-five years on the papal throne, two assassination attempts (one of which resulted in severe physical injury to the Pope), and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined.

1981 assassination attempt

The 1981 assassination attempt was costlier to his overall health than was generally known by the public at the time. Rushed to the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic to undergo emergency surgery, he experienced profound bleeding leading to a dangerous fall in blood pressure and to cardiac arrest, which was however successfully defibrillated. He received the Anointing of the Sick (formerly known as "Last Rites"). Despite difficulties with extensive blood transfusions, which are speculated to have transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, surgery was eventually successful. The bullet had passed completely through the body, puncturing the intestines and necessitating a colostomy. Seven weeks later, discussions were held about reversing the colostomy and eight of nine doctors voted against it, arguing the Pope was still too weak from the CMV infection. Saying "I don't want to continue half dead and half alive", the Pope effectively overruled his physicians and the reversal was done successfully on August 5, 1981.

Later years
Despite the shooting and the complications during recovery, John Paul remained in good physical condition throughout the 1980s, and remained active as well. During the 1990s John Paul's health began to decline. A benign intestinal tumor was removed in 1992; he experienced two falls in 1993 and 1994 which dislocated his shoulder and broke his femur respectively; and he underwent an appendectomy in 1996. In December 1995, he had to suspend his urbi et orbi blessing on Christmas Day after a dizzy spell.

An orthopaedic surgeon confirmed in 2001 that Pope John Paul II was suffering from Parkinson's disease, as international observers had suspected for some time; this was acknowledged publicly by the Vatican in 2003. Despite difficulty speaking more than a few sentences at a time, trouble hearing and severe osteoarthrosis, he continued to tour the world, although rarely walking in public. Some of those who met him late in his life said that although physically he was in poor shape, mentally he remained fully alert.

However, that claim was disputed by among others Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Mary McAleese, the President of Ireland, in their accounts of meetings with him in 2003. After John Paul II's death, Williams told The Sunday Times of a meeting with the Pope, during which he had paid tribute to one of John Paul's encyclicals. According to Williams, John Paul II showed no recognition . An aide whispered in the pope's ear, but was overheard reminding John Paul about the encyclical. However the Pope still showed no recognition. Papal critic John Cornwell claimed that, after Williams and his entourage left, the Pope turned to an aide and asked "tell me, who were those people?"

According to Cornwell, Mary McAleese told the British Catholic newspaper The Universe of a visit as President of Ireland to John Paul where he struggled to talk about the Irish College in Rome, where Irish seminarians in the city are trained and to which the Pope prior to his election had often travelled. "He wanted to be reminded of where the Irish College was, and when he heard that it was very close to St. John Lateran's basilica he wanted to be reminded where that was too."

Final days
On 1 February 2005, the Pope was taken to the Gemelli Hospital suffering from acute inflammation and spasm of the larynx, brought on by a bout of influenza. He was released, but in late February 2005 he began having trouble breathing, and he was rushed back. A tracheotomy was performed, allowing him to breathe more easily, but limiting his speaking ability, to which he reacted with evident frustration during a failed attempt at public speaking from the window of the hospital ward.

On Palm Sunday (20 March 2005) the Pope made a brief appearance at his window and silently waved an olive branch to pilgrims. Two days later there were renewed concerns for his health after reports stated that he had taken a turn for the worse and was not responding to medication. By the end of the month, speculation was growing. The Vatican officials confirmed that he was nearing death when on March 31, 2005, at around 11:00 am, the pope, who had gone to the chapel to celebrate Mass, was beset by strong shivers which was followed by high fever because of a urinary tract infection. Despite the use of antibiotics, the disease progressed and he developed sepsis and multiple organ failure. He was not rushed to the hospital again, however, and equipment for medical monitoring was brought to his residence in the Vatican, where he was followed by a team of top physicians. On 2 April 2005 at 9:37 pm, he died in his apartment at 84 years and 319 days of age, 46 days before his 85th birthday. The pope is reported to have died looking towards the window as he prayed, raising his right hand as if he is aware of the crowds present in St. Peter's Square where he made an effort to say "Amen" and his life ended. The illumination of a third light in the papal apartment makes some onlookers in the square knew that the end had come. His death was confirmed when an electrocardiogram signal remained flat for more than 20 minutes.

The Pope was the third-longest serving Pope ever in history, after the first Pope St. Peter and Pope Pius IX. He died after 26 years and 162 days of papacy. He was buried in presence of millions on 8 April 2005.

References

Health
John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Health of Pope John Paul II


Fauja Singh  () is a British Sikh and retired marathon runner of Punjabi Indian descent. He has beaten a number of world records in multiple age brackets, but none of his times have been ratified as records. His personal best time for the London Marathon (2003) is 6 hours 2 minutes, and his marathon best, claimed for the 90-plus age bracket, is 5 hours 40 minutes at the alleged age of 92, at the 2003 Toronto Waterfront Marathon.

Biography

Early life
Fauja Singh claims to have been born in Beas Pind, Jalandhar, Punjab, British India on 1 April 1911, the youngest of four children. Singh did not walk until he was five years old. His legs were thin and weak, and he could hardly walk long distances. Because of this, he was often teased, and he was called by the nickname "danda" ( for "stick") for the next ten years. As a young man, Singh was an avid amateur runner, but he gave it up at the time of the Partition of India.

Return to running as a passion
It was only after witnessing the death of his fifth son, Kuldip, in a construction accident in August 1994, that Singh returned to his passion for running, in 1995. The death of his wife in 1992, and his eldest daughter who had died from complications after giving birth to his third granddaughter, gave him the determination for this new focus in life. He emigrated to England in the 1990s and lives with one of his sons in Ilford.

At 89 years, he took seriously to running and ended up in international marathon events. When he first turned up for training at Redbridge, Essex, he was dressed in a three-piece suit. The coach had to rework everything, including his attire. Singh ran his first race, the London Marathon, in 2000. According to his coach, he used to run up to 20 kilometres easily and wanted to run a marathon, thinking it to be just 26 kilometres and not . It was after he realised this that he began training seriously.

At the age of 93, Singh completed a marathon in 6 hours and 54 minutes, 58 minutes quicker than the world best for the 90-plus age bracket.

In 2004, he was featured in an advertising campaign for sportswear manufacturer Adidas alongside David Beckham and Muhammad Ali.

Singh bettered the UK records for the 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, mile and 3000 m for his, claimed, age group, all within a single 94-minute period, but they are not currently listed as records.

At the age of 100, Singh attempted and accomplished eight world age group records in one day, at the special Ontario Masters Association Fauja Singh Invitational Meet, held at Birchmount Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Timed by officials in Canada, he ran the 100 metres in 23.14, 200 metres in 52.23, the 400 metres in 2:13.48, the 800 metres in 5:32.18, the 1500 metres in 11:27.81, the mile in 11:53.45, the 3000 metres in 24:52.47, and the 5000 metres in 49:57.39, setting five world records for his age group in one day. Some events had no previous record holder, as nobody over age 100 had ever attempted the distance. Some of his marks are significantly superior to the listed world record in the M95 age group as well.

Three days later, on 16 October 2011, Singh was claimed to have become the first 100-year-old to finish a marathon, completing the Toronto Waterfront Marathon in 8:11:06. As it took him over 14 minutes after the gun to cross the starting line, the official time submitted, and declined, for the age group record was 8:25:17.

Guinness World Records refused to include Singh in its record book because he could not produce his birth certificate to prove his age. Birth records were not kept in India in 1911 although Singh was able to produce a passport listing his date of birth as 1 April 1911, and a letter from Queen Elizabeth II congratulating him on his 100th birthday.

In October 2011, Singh, a vegetarian, became the oldest man to be featured in a PETA campaign.
In July 2012, Singh carried the Olympic torch.

Singh had stated that he would retire from competitive running after taking part in the Hong Kong marathon on 24 February 2013, five weeks shy of his 102nd birthday. He completed the 10 kilometre run at the Hong Kong marathon in 1 hour 32 minutes and 28 seconds, and said that he intends to continue running for pleasure, health and charity.

Singh was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to sport and charity.

Singh is  tall and weighs . He attributes his physical fitness and longevity to abstaining from smoking and alcohol and to following a simple vegetarian diet. He has been quoted as saying "I am very careful about different foods. My diet is simple phulka, dal, green vegetables, yogurt and milk. I do not touch parathas, pakoras, rice or any other fried food. I take lots of water and tea with ginger. ... I go to bed early taking the name of my Rabba (God) as I don't want all those negative thoughts crossing my mind."

Speaking about the marathon, he said: "The first 20 miles are not difficult. As for last six miles, I run while talking to God."

Retirement from running
As of April 2023, Fauja no longer runs himself but still enjoys cheering on marathon runners at events.

Sikhs in the City
He is the eldest of a group of Sikhs who call themselves "Sikhs in the City". There were three other Sikhs, aged 79, 79 and 80, in the "Golden Oldies" team which ran the Edinburgh Marathon relay in 2009. The SITC running group are a now a well-established team based in East London, running marathons across the world with interfaith groups and raising money for Fauja Singh's charities.

Turbaned Tornado
His biography, titled Turbaned Tornado, was formally released in the Attlee Room of Britain's House of Lords on 7 July 2011 by Lord Anthony Young of Norwood Green and retired British Crown Court judge Sir Mota Singh. The book was written by Chandigarh-based columnist and writer Khushwant Singh.

Achievements
Running Career

Marathons run: London (6), Toronto (2), New York (1)
Marathon debut: London, 2000, aged 89
London Flora Marathon 2000: 6:54
London Flora Marathon 2001: 6:54
London Flora Marathon 2002: 6:45
Bupa Great North Run (Half Marathon) 2002: 2:39
London Flora Marathon 2003: 6:02
Toronto Waterfront Marathon 2003:  5:40
New York City Marathon 2003: 7:35
London Flora Marathon 2004: 6:07
Glasgow City Half Marathon 2004: 2:33
Capital Radio Help a London Child 10,000 m 2004: 1:08
Toronto Waterfront Half Marathon 2004: 2:29:59
Toronto Waterfront Marathon 2011: 8:11:0
London Marathon 2012 : 7:49:21
Hong Kong Marathon (10 km) 2012: 1:34 (raised $25,800 for charity)
parkrun uk 2012 – Age graded record holder: 179.04% with a time of 38:34
Hong Kong Marathon (10 km) 2013: 1:32:28

Awards
On 13 November 2003, Singh was awarded the Ellis Island Medal of Honor by the National Ethnic Coalition, a US group that advocates ethnic pride and tolerance. William Fugazy, the chairman of the coalition, said Singh is a symbol of racial tolerance, and his running helps bridge the gap created by the 11 September terrorist attacks. "He is the greatest inspiration," said Fugazy, and added that Singh was the first non-American to receive the honour. He was awarded the "Pride of India" title by a UK-based organisation for his achievements in 2011.

Punjab elections 2012
He attended an election rally at village Kukranwala under the Raja Sansi constituency (near Amritsar) for the People's Party of Punjab candidate, where he was reported to have extended his support for the party. However, the party was criticized by Sikhs in the City for the "misuse of Fauja Singh for political purposes", and for having "abused the vulnerability of an old man for its own ends".

Chardikala Run 2012
Fauja Singh was invited as a special guest for the 2nd Annual Chardikala Run in Malaysia. The run was given a theme '101 and running' as a mark of respect for Singh. He was given a warm crowd response and was also presented with The BrandLaureate Award on stage during the closing ceremony.

Singh was given a warm response by the people of Malaysia. He was escorted to the Chardikala Charitable Fun Run venue, Astaka in Petaling Jaya, by the Malaysian Bikers Group. Singh flagged off the start of the Marathon. Fauja Singh's attitude was praised especially because he had taken part in the Standard Chartered Singapore Marathon on the same morning, yet was in full spirits meeting, greeting and being a major part of the successful CCFR 2012.

References

External links
Passage on Fauja Singh, The Oldest Marathon Runner (Sikh Personalities)
"Life begins at 90" (BBC Sport)
Biography in The Sikh Times
REDIFF article regarding ADIDAS deal
Sikhs in the City Running Team
Roll Over Bannister, Article in Outlook magazine

Living people
British supercentenarians
Men supercentenarians
British male long-distance runners
Indian male long-distance runners
Indian Sikhs
Indian male marathon runners
World record holders in masters athletics
Longevity claims
People from Jalandhar
Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British Sikhs
Indian masters athletes
Recipients of the British Empire Medal
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Athletes from Punjab, India
Year of birth missing (living people)

Fauja Singh


"Mowgli's Brothers" is a short story by Rudyard Kipling. Chronologically it is the first story about Mowgli although it was written after "In the Rukh" in which Mowgli appears as an adult.

The story first appeared in the January 1894 issue of St. Nicholas Magazine  and was collected as the first story in The Jungle Book later in 1894 where it is  accompanied by the poem "Hunting Song of the Seeonee Pack". The story also appears in All the Mowgli Stories. In 1992 it was published as a separate volume with woodcut illustrations by Christopher Wormell. The text is available on-line from several sources as part of The Jungle Book.

The story was adapted as a 25-minute animated television cartoon by Chuck Jones in 1976. Jones also directed adaptations of "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" and "The White Seal".

Plot summary

Father Wolf (Rama) and Mother Wolf (Raksha), a pair of wolves raising a family of cubs, are furious to learn from Tabaqui the jackal that Shere Khan the lame tiger is hunting in their territory because he might kill men and bring human retribution upon the jungle. But when Father Wolf (Rama) hears something approaching their den, it turns out to be not the tiger, but a naked human baby. Mother Wolf (Raksha) decides to adopt the hairless "man-cub". Her determination is only strengthened by the arrival of Shere Khan, who demands the cub for his meal. The wolves drive off the tiger, and Raksha names him Mowgli the Frog because of his hairlessness.

At the wolf pack's meeting at Council Rock, Baloo the bear speaks for the man-cub, and Bagheera the black panther buys his life with a freshly killed bull. Baloo and Bagheera undertake the task of educating Mowgli as he grows. Meanwhile, Shere Khan plans to take revenge on the wolf pack by persuading the younger wolves to depose their leader Akela.

When Mowgli is about 11 years old, Bagheera tells him of Shere Khan's plan. Mowgli, being human, is the only creature in the jungle that does not fear fire, so he steals a pot of burning coals from a nearby village in order to use it against Shere Khan.

The young wolves prevent Akela from catching his prey, and at that night's meeting, Shere Khan demands that Akela be killed and the man-cub given to him. Mowgli, despite being naked and unprotected, relentlessly attacks Shere Khan with a burning branch and drives him and his allies away, but realises to his sorrow that he must now leave the pack and return to humanity. As he leaves, he vows to return one day and lay Shere Khan's hide upon the Council Rock.

Animated special

In 1976 Mowgli's Brothers was adapted and directed as a half-hour television animated special of the same name by veteran animator Chuck Jones, with narration and voices by Roddy McDowall, and June Foray as Mother Wolf.  Though largely a faithful adaptation of the story, there are some notable changes in Jones's version. Differences include expanded roles for Baloo and Tabaqui, and that Shere Khan is a white tiger and there is no reference to his lame leg. Jones also directed adaptations of "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" and "The White Seal".

References

External links

The Jungle Book stories
1894 short stories
Works originally published in St. Nicholas Magazine

Mowgli's Brothers