Muran () is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by debutant Rajan Madhav. It stars Cheran alongside Prasanna, with Haripriya, Nikita Thukral and Jayaprakash in pivotal roles. Launched in September 2010, the film's shooting was completed by July 2011. The story revolves around two contrasting characters and depicts the incidents that occur when they meet each other. The film is highly inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's psychological thriller Strangers on a Train (1951). Co-produced and distributed by UTV Motion Pictures, Muran was released on 30 September 2011 to overall positive reviews.

Plot
The film starts with the scene in a hotel in Bangalore, where Nanda (Cheran) is playing a song on his guitar for producers who are helping him get an opportunity in Tamil cinema as a musician. At this instant, Arjun (Prasanna), heavily drunk, makes a scene, stating that he will fall from there (the top floor of the hotel) to the swimming pool at the ground, and he does.

While returning to Chennai, Nanda's car engine gets seized due to the sudden brake made in order to avoid collision with another car driven by arrogant drunken youngsters. Arjun, who drove alone to Chennai, gives a lift to Nanda in his car. They both get introduced, and they identify that both of them had many differences in opinion. They both share their tragic stories of their life while travelling. Nanda tells him about his unloving wife Indhu (Nikita Thukral), and his post marital love Lavanya (Haripriya). He states he lives in a situation that he uncomfortably living adjusted life with his wife.
Then, Arjun tells Nanda about his materialistic father, Devarajan (Jayaprakash), a famous industrialist and business magnate, asking him to continue his business and follow his ideas even though he doesn't like it. Moreover, tragedy occurs when Devarajan raped Arjun's lady love Linda (Suma Bhattacharya), who worked in Devarajan's office. Linda commits suicide as her chastity was destroyed by her "future" father-in-law.

Arjun lives his life in the shadow of his father to keep the promise to his love that he made before she died.

After some time of travelling, both of them meet the youngsters who were responsible for Nanda's car seize in a motel. Arjun initiates a fight with them, and Nanda joins to help Arjun. Finally, while escaping in their car, both of them chase and make the same thing happen to Nanda's car. Afterwards, while approaching the destination of their journey, Arjun explains to Nanda his idea of solving both of their problems in a criss-cross manner. The plan calls for Arjun to kill Nanda's wife and for Nanda to kill Arjun's father. Arjun explains that no one can solve the murder, as Arjun and Nanda are strangers and no motive can be determined by the police and outsiders. Arjun explains as both of them are strangers, if he kills Nanda's wife in a situation that appears to be an accident while Nanda is officially engaged in another place, nothing can be traced. Nanda immediately turns down the deal and leaves.

In a week's daily routine, Nanda increasingly identifies with Arjun's idea that the only problem in his life is his wife. After a week's time, his wife is involved in an accident on the highway and dies on the spot. The next day, Arjun comes to Nanda's home and describes how he created the accident and how he found out Indhu had been unfaithful to Nanda by having an affair with her colleague named Gowtham. Arjun asks Nanda to complete his part of the plan by murdering his dad and explains he had another plan for him. Both of them meet frequently at locations where no one can see them together, and both of them are officially unconnected strangers to the world. Nanda explains he can't murder anyone. Arjun forces him to go through with it by saying that his dad was an evil human and the only way for him to have a happy life is for his father to die. Meanwhile, a policeman and a relative of Indhu suspects that Nanda arranged for Indhu's accident by hiring a hitman, as Nanda started living happily together with his love. The policeman's suspicions cause him to become Arjun's next target.

Arjun kills him, and the news reports that the policeman was killed due to an electrical leak in his home.

Nanda understands that Arjun is already highly engaged in the deal and won't stop until he accepts it. So he agrees to murder Arjun's dad while convincing himself that he is doing it for the greater good. Arjun provides the plan to Nanda and leaves of the city to establish an alibi while the murder occurs. Nanda follows Devarajan to execute the plan, finding that Devarajan is a good and kind human, and withdraws his murder plan. The following day, Arjun calls him to ask why he failed, and ask to meet with him. In the shopping mall where he had planned to meet with Arjun, Nanda runs into his lover's friend. She casually explains the evil nature of Arjun when she sees Arjun. She explains how Arjun caused Linda's suicide by breaking up with her. Nanda understood Arjun had painted a self heroic story and how he betrayed him. Nanda explains to Arjun that he won't do anything for him as he knows the truth and asks to get far away from him forever. Arjun seems to finally accept Nanda's refusal – but warns him that accidents can happen at any time.

Over the next few days, Nanda feels increasingly alarmed by accidents threatening Lavanya's safety, realizing Arjun is behind them all. Lavanya is confused about what was happening to Nanda and believes that he was going mad. Arjun hears Lavanya telling her friend about Nanda and informs Nanda that he is still active and he can kill Lavanya too. Nanda finally makes his decision and tells Arjun that he is ready to murder Devarajan. Arjun lays his plan and goes to Bangalore. Meanwhile, Nanda breaks into the hotel in Bangalore where Arjun is staying and tells him that he is going to kill him instead of his dad. Arjun fights back, and falls from the roof near the swimming pool, into which he dives at the start of the film. Hotel authorities report the case as the drunken jump from a roof. He dies instantly, and Nanda is satisfied that he didn't have to pull the trigger to kill Arjun as he had initially planned.

Cast

Soundtrack
Music composed by Sajan Madhav.

Critical reception
Sify enthusiastically rated it 'Very good' and called it an "engaging thriller." Behindwoods called it a "thriller well told!" Rohit Ramachandran of Nowrunning.com added the film to his 'Best of 2011' list. On the contrary, Pavithra Srinivasan of Rediff rated it 2.5/5 complaining that it was heavily inspired

References

External links

2010s Tamil-language films
2011 action thriller films
2011 directorial debut films
2011 films
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Patricia Highsmith
Indian action thriller films
UTV Motion Pictures films

Muran (film)


Moosomin () is a town in southern Saskatchewan founded in 1882. It is 20 kilometres west of the provincial boundary between Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

History
With the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1882, Moosomin was established as the first Saskatchewan community on "steel". Originally known as "siding No. 4" and the "Moosomin Station", businesses began to establish and by 1884 the community had grown to include five general stores, five hotels, two livery stables, two blacksmiths, a doctor, a lawyer, butcher, and one printer, among other businesses. Moosomin was incorporated as a town in November 1887. R. D. McNaughton was the first merchant to arrive in Moosomin. He founded the R. D. McNaughton Company, a general store operation that played a vital role in early settlement.

The town was named after Chief  Moosomin, who became well known for leading his band into treaty status. He signed Treaty 6 at Battleford in 1880.

The first issue of the Moosomin Courier weekly newspaper was published on Thursday, October 2, 1884. The newspaper has been published weekly since 1884 and is now known as the World-Spectator. It is the oldest community newspaper in the province.

There were several military units associated with Moosomin. These included the 16th Light Horse, in the early 1900s (decade); 10th Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles, 1915; 217th Battalion, CEF, and the 101st Battery of the 22nd Field Regiment which was based at Moosomin Armories (presently the Community Hall).

Moosomin also had a jail, the Moosomin Gaol, which is at the site of the present day Turpie Farm. In 1905, a hospital opened, and it was the only hospital between Brandon and Indian Head. A normal school was opened.

One of Moosomin's more notables is General Andrew McNaughton, born in Moosomin in 1887. In the Second World War, he commanded Canada's overseas army and then became Minister of Defence. In the interwar years he was Chairman of the National Research Council and following the Second World War was Chairman of the International Joint Commission which handled questions pertaining to the international waters along the Canada-United States border.

The social life of the early settlers of the area was limited by distances and transportation methods. Sunday church services were often held in private homes.  The small one room school houses became the centre of activity in most areas. Saturday nights were often the social night of the week, when groceries and supplies were purchased. There was often entertainment in the Opera House in the R.D. McNaughton Store. Summer picnics were held in the period between summerfallowing and haying. July 1 in Moosomin was the highlight of the summer for many years, there would be a parade, sports events and refreshments. With the arrival of the automobile, social life changed accordingly.

Current development
Moosomin grew significantly in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the construction of a major potash mine  to the north. Moosomin is currently undergoing significant growth. According to Saskatchewan Health, which tracks population based on the number of health cards issued, there were 2,733 people living in Moosomin on June 30, 2010, up from 2,496 a year earlier, an increase of 227 people. The growth is due to several reasons. The PotashCorp Rocanville potash mine just north of the community is undergoing a $2.8 billion expansion, the $60 million Red Lily Wind Farm just west of the community started producing power in February 2011, since the Trans-Canada Highway was twinned through Moosomin in November 2009 several new businesses have been established along the highway, the Southeast Integrated Care Centre has become a major health care centre for a large region of south-eastern Saskatchewan and south-western Manitoba, and there has been significant activity in the local oil patch, which is at the northern end of the Bakken Formation.

Several major projects are on the drawing board in Moosomin. Land has been purchased for two major hotel developments next to the Canalta Hotel, which opened in 2010 facing the new highway, and land has been purchased for Pipestone Villas, a major residential development. Fourteen kilometres south of Moosomin is Moosomin Lake and Moosomin Lake Regional Park.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Moosomin had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Climate

Moosomin in popular culture
 The Guess Who song "Runnin' Back to Saskatoon" mentions Moosomin.

Notable residents
 Jessica Campbell (born 1992), ice hockey player
 Brock Lesnar (born 1977), professional wrestler and mixed martial artist
 Andrew McNaughton (1887–1966), former Chief of the General Staff of the Canadian Army
 John Ryerson Neff, politician
 Frederick Ralph Sharp (1915–1992), former Chief of the Defence Staff of the Canadian Forces
 Dave Tippett (born 1961), ice hockey player and coach

See also
 List of population centres in Saskatchewan
 List of communities in Saskatchewan
List of place names in Canada of Indigenous origin
 List of towns in Saskatchewan

References

External links

Towns in Saskatchewan
Moosomin No. 121, Saskatchewan
Division No. 5, Saskatchewan
1882 establishments in Canada

Moosomin, Saskatchewan


Werner Kohlmeyer (19 April 1924 – 26 March 1974) was a German footballer who played as a full back.

He was part of the West German team that won the 1954 FIFA World Cup. In total he earned 22 caps for West Germany. He also played for 1. FC Kaiserslautern from 1941 to 1957.

Career
Kohlmeyer was born in Kaiserslautern.

The burly Kohlmeyer became renowned for saves on the goalline, especially in the game against Yugoslavia during the 1954 World Cup, in which he several times none to soon threw himself into shots on the German goal. In the 1954 FIFA World Cup Final, Kohlmeyer stopped Zoltán Czibor.

Kohlmeyer won the German football championship with 1. FC Kaiserslautern in 1951 and 1953. In one of his last games for Germany, Kohlmeyer faced Stanley Matthews at Wembley on 1 December 1954, in an international friendly between England and West Germany. While he proved incapable of stopping Matthews and clearly lost that duel, Kohlmeyer was proud that he never lost his composure by committing not a single foul on Matthews. It was this attitude of fairness which Germany coach Sepp Herberger appreciated, as well as Kohlmeyer's assuredness and defensive reliability.

Kohlmeyer remained a starter for Kaiserslautern until 1957. After retirement he suffered from a divorce and the detachment from his three children as well as alcoholism and poverty; he lived on welfare for a while, before taking a job as a doorman for a newspaper publisher in Mainz. He died at the age of 49 due to heart failure in Mainz-Mombach.

References

External links

1924 births
1974 deaths
People from Kaiserslautern
People from the Palatinate (region)
Footballers from Rhineland-Palatinate
German men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Germany men's international footballers
1954 FIFA World Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
1. FC Kaiserslautern players
FC 08 Homburg players
West German men's footballers

Werner Kohlmeyer


Harald Hudak (born 28 January 1957 in Vaihingen an der Enz) is a retired (West) German middle-distance runner who specialized in 1500 metres.

He  was one of the runners that set a world record of 14:38.8 minutes in the 4x1500 metres relay in 1977, together with Thomas Wessinghage, Michael Lederer, and Karl Fleschen. He ran 3:40.2 minutes on the second leg.

He finished sixth in 1500 m at the 1979 European Indoor Championships. In 1980, Hudak temporarily became the third-fastest 1500 m runner of all time when he set a personal best of 3:31.96 minutes at a meeting in Koblenz where Steve Ovett set a new world record and Thomas Wessinghage set a new German record. 3:31.96 remained his career best time. In Germany only Thomas Wessinghage has run faster. However, Hudak could not participate in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow due to the West German boycott.

Hudak competed for the sports club Bayer 04 Leverkusen during his active career.

References

1957 births
Living people
West German male middle-distance runners
Sportspeople from Stuttgart (region)
People from Vaihingen an der Enz

Harald Hudak


Mason A. Porter is an American mathematician and physicist currently at the University of California, Los Angeles.

He is an Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society.
He was elected to the 2018 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society.

Early life and education
Mason Porter was born in 1976 in Los Angeles. He completed his studies at Beverly Hills High School in 1994 as the Salutatorian of his class. Afterward, he attended California Institute of Technology, where he was a member of Lloyd House. In 1998, he graduated in with a Bachelor of Science (Honours degree) in Applied Mathematics. For his graduate studies, he went to the Center for Applied Mathematics at Cornell University, where he worked on quantum billiards. He was supervised by Richard Liboff and graduated in 2002 with a PhD.

Career
Subsequently, Mason Porter had postdoctoral scholar positions at the Georgia Institute of Technology, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, and the California Institute of Technology. From 2007 to 2016, he was a faculty member of the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and a Tutorial fellow at Somerville College, Oxford. Currently, he is professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. As of 2019, he has supervised eighteen doctoral students.

He has been working on a range of topics in applied and theoretical mathematics. These include community structure in multidimensional networks, dynamical systems, granular material, topological data analysis, and social network analysis. His collaborators include Alex Arenas, Danielle Bassett, Andrea Bertozzi, Charlotte Deane, Heather Harrington, and Peter Mucha.

Awards and honors
In 2014, he received an Erdős–Rényi Prize, recognizing his work on the mathematics of networks and his outreach efforts.  In 2015, he was awarded a Whitehead Prize by the London Mathematical Society in recognition of his interdisciplinary research, particularly the detection of communities in networks. He is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society and an Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2016, he was awarded a Young Scientist Award for Socio- and Econophysics by the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
In 2019 he was named a SIAM Fellow "for contributions to diverse problems and applications in networks, complex systems, and nonlinear systems".

Trivia
Mason Porter writes a blog called Quantum Chaotic Thoughts. From 2016 onwards, he has been a Top Writer on Quora. He is a fan of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

References

Living people
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
21st-century American mathematicians
21st-century American physicists
California Institute of Technology alumni
Cornell University alumni
1976 births
Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
Network scientists

Mason Porter


The 1998 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the 1998 National League playoffs, began on Tuesday, September 29, and ended on Sunday, October 4, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. The teams were:
(1) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champion, 106–56) vs. (4) Chicago Cubs (Wild Card, 90–73): Braves win series, 3–0.
(2) Houston Astros (Central Division champion, 102–60) vs. (3) San Diego Padres (Western Division champion, 98–64): Padres win series, 3–1.

The Atlanta Braves and San Diego Padres went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Padres defeated the Braves four games to two to become the National League champion, and lost to the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1998 World Series.

Matchups

Atlanta Braves vs. Chicago Cubs

Houston Astros vs. San Diego Padres

Atlanta vs. Chicago

Game 1
Turner Field in Atlanta, Georgia

The Braves faced the Chicago Cubs, who made it into the playoffs by beating the San Francisco Giants in a tiebreaker for the Wild Card spot and though the Cubs won the season series 6-3 including a three-game sweep in Wrigley Field without NL MVP Sammy Sosa, and a two-game sweep in Turner Field, the Braves proved that the post season would be different. John Smoltz pitched masterfully and Michael Tucker started the scoring with a two-run home run off Chicago starter Mark Clark. Then an Andruw Jones sacrifice fly with two on made it 3–0. In the bottom of the seventh, Ryan Klesko put the game away with a grand slam into right field off of Matt Karchner after three walks off of Clark (one) and Felix Heredia (two walks). Clark allowed four runs, but two were unearned. The Cubs would score in the eighth off Smoltz on Tyler Houston's lead off home run. This ended Smoltz's night, but John Rocker and Kerry Ligtenberg slammed the door on Game 1.

Game 2
Turner Field in Atlanta, Georgia

Game 2 was a pitchers' duel. Kevin Tapani faced Tom Glavine; the two had previously faced each other in the 1991 World Series. Lance Johnson drove in the lone Chicago run in the top of the sixth on a groundout. However, leaving Tapani in to pitch the ninth ultimately cost the Cubs the game. Javy López hit the game-tying home run and Chipper Jones drove in the winning run in the tenth off Terry Mulholland with an RBI single.

Game 3
Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois

Game 3 was another pitchers' duel. Greg Maddux faced Rookie of the Year Kerry Wood, hoping to keep the ship afloat for the Cubs. The Braves scored first in the top of the third when Maddux doubled and later scored on a passed ball with two outs. Wood pitched five innings and that was the only run he would allow. Maddux was masterful, carrying a shutout into the bottom of the eighth. In the top of the eighth, Gerald Williams drove in another run with an RBI single off Rod Beck after Terry Mulholland allowed a single and walk. When Andruw Jones was intentionally walked to load the bases, Eddie Pérez belted a grand slam into left field to put the game and the series away. Maddux was lifted after giving up three straight singles in favor in Ligtenberg. Mickey Morandini's sacrifice fly and Mark Graces RBI single made it 6–2 Braves, but Ligtenberg retired the Cubs in order in the ninth. José Hernández flied to center for the final out of the series as the Braves won their first game at Wrigley Field of the season.

Composite box
1998 NLDS (3–0): Atlanta Braves over Chicago Cubs

Houston vs. San Diego

Game 1

The Astros entered the playoffs with the league's best offense and red-hot pitcher Randy Johnson, who had gone 10–1 since being traded to the Astros in a mid-season deadline deal, well rested for Game 1. However, Padres ace Kevin Brown was more than up for the challenge as he set an LDS record striking out 16 Astros in eight innings before turning the game over to all-star closer Trevor Hoffman for the save. The Padres only managed two runs, including a home run by slugger Greg Vaughn. Despite Brown's dominant performance, the game was not without its tense moments thanks to a less than perfect ninth inning. Hoffman, who had tied the NL record for saves with 53, did allow an unearned run on two hits thanks to a throwing error by third baseman Ken Caminiti. The error by the former Astro brought Houston to within one run before Hoffman slammed the door ending the game at 2–1. This was the first road postseason victory for the Padres.

Game 2

Shane Reynolds pitched a strong seven innings for Houston yielding only two runs and the Astros' offense showed some of its regular season league-leading form by tagging Padres' starter Andy Ashby for three runs and chasing him out of the game after only four innings. Leading 3–2 and looking to give closer Billy Wagner a little more room to work with, the Astros scored again off former Astro Donnie Wall in the bottom of the eighth inning sending Wagner to the hill with 4–2 lead. Armed with a 100 mph fastball, Wagner was 30 for 35 in save opportunities and now had a complement to his fastball in the form of a newly learned slider courtesy of teammate Randy Johnson. Nonetheless, Wagner surrendered a single to 1996 MVP Ken Caminiti, and then a pinch-hit game-tying home run to Jim Leyritz, who had done the same thing as a member of the New York Yankees to Mark Wohlers of the Braves in the 1996 World Series. Unfazed, the Astros led off the bottom of the inning with an infield single by Ricky Gutierrez off Dan Miceli. The Padres countered by bringing in closer Trevor Hoffman. After a sacrifice by catcher Brad Ausmus moved him to second base, Gutierrez stole third uncontested setting up pinch-hitter Bill Spiers to be the game's hero. Spiers delivered with a single off Hoffman and the Astros had their first postseason victory since 1986.

Game 3

With their Game 1 victory, the Padres had taken home-field advantage away from the favored Astros and San Diego manager Bruce Bochy was determined not to let the momentum turn in Houston's favor after Game 2, so he decided to gamble and started Game 1 starter Kevin Brown on short rest instead of lefty Sterling Hitchcock. The explosive Astros offense, being predominantly right-handed, was especially brutal on left-handed pitchers and a Game 3 win by Houston would have left the Padres facing elimination in Game 4 against Randy Johnson. Brown was opposed by fellow sinkerballer Mike Hampton of the Astros who proved to be Brown's equal. Not nearly the same unhittable master of Game 1, Brown's control was shaky from the beginning as he walked five Astros in seven innings. Still, the Astros were never able to deliver the knock-out blow and managed only one run against Brown, but were still tied going into the bottom of the seventh thanks to a solid six innings of one-run two-hit ball by Mike Hampton. In the bottom of the seventh, Jim Leyritz added yet another chapter to his resume of clutch October heroics with a go-ahead home run off Astros reliever Scott Elarton that gave the Padres a 2–1 lead. Neither team scored again and Trevor Hoffman struck out the side in the top of the ninth for the save.

Game 4

The only game of the series that wasn't decided by one run began with veteran former Cy Young Award winner Randy Johnson squaring off against 27-year-old Sterling Hitchcock who was making his first postseason start. It was Hitchcock, however, that proved dominant by striking out 11 Astros in only six innings of work while Leyritz hit his third home run in as many games to help the Padres to a 2–1 lead. With the Astros' highly touted offense rendered almost completely silent, the bullpen finally collapsed in the eighth inning as Houston pitchers surrendered four runs to the Padres leading to a 6–1 series-clinching victory for San Diego.

Composite box
1998 NLDS (3–1): San Diego Padres over Houston Astros

Notes

External links
ATL vs. CHC at Baseball-Reference
SDP vs. HOU at Baseball-Reference

National League Division Series
National League Division Series
San Diego Padres postseason
Atlanta Braves postseason
Houston Astros postseason
Chicago Cubs postseason
National League Division Series
National League Division Series
National League Division Series
National League Division Series
National League Division Series
1990s in Chicago
1998 in Illinois
National League Division Series
1990s in San Diego
National League Division Series
Sports competitions in Chicago

1998 National League Division Series


Hugh Law, PC (Ire), QC (19 June 1818 – 10 September 1883) was an Irish lawyer, politician and Lord Chancellor of Ireland.

Born in County Down, son of John Law of Woodlawn and Margaret Crawley of Cullaville, Law was educated at the Royal School, Dungannon, and thereafter at Trinity College Dublin, where he was elected a Scholar in 1837 and received a Bachelor of Arts in 1839. He became a barrister in 1840 and a Queen's Counsel in 1860, practising mainly in Dublin and specialising in equity.

In politics, he started as a Conservative, but quickly turned to the Liberals. He drafted the Irish Church Act 1869 which disestablished the Church of Ireland: the drafting has been called "a monument to his skill and learning". He was also largely responsible for the drafting of the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870, and during the passage of the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 was noted for his conciliatory approach and willingness to accept Opposition amendments.

He became Law Adviser to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Spencer, in 1868. He became a Bencher of the King's Inns in 1870 and was appointed in turn Solicitor-General for Ireland in 1872, Attorney-General for Ireland in 1873, and a member of the Irish Privy Council on 24 February 1874. His promotion was regarded as a proper reward for his services to the Liberals, despite the practical problem that until 1874 he did not have a seat in Parliament and therefore could not speak for the Government in the Commons. In 1874 he was elected a Member of Parliament for County Londonderry. He was appointed Attorney-General by the Liberal Prime Minister Gladstone in 1880, before becoming Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1881. As Attorney General he prosecuted Charles Stewart Parnell and other leading members of the Irish National Land League for conspiracy.

Death
Hugh Law died suddenly aged 65 on 10 September 1883, from inflammation of the lungs, at Rathmullan, County Donegal. was remembered as a judge whose decisions commanded universal respect.

Family
He married Helen Maria White, daughter of William White of Dublin, on 17 March 1863; she died in 1875. His eldest son later bought the historic Ardbraccan House, the former palace of the Lord Bishop of Meath, from the Church of Ireland.

His second son, also called Hugh Law, sat initially as a Nationalist MP in the House of Commons and later served in Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal TD from June 1927 until 1932.

External links

References

1818 births
1883 deaths
Attorneys-General for Ireland
Irish barristers
Irish Liberal Party MPs
Lord chancellors of Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Londonderry constituencies (1801–1922)
People educated at the Royal School Dungannon
Lawyers from County Down
Scholars of Trinity College Dublin
Solicitors-General for Ireland
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
Alumni of King's Inns

Hugh Law


George Eric Deacon Alcock, MBE (28 August 1912, in Peterborough, Northamptonshire – 15 December 2000) was an English astronomer. He was one of the most successful visual discoverers of novae and comets.

George's interest in astronomy was sparked by seeing the solar eclipse of 8 April 1921. His interest evolved into the observation of meteors and meteor showers, and on 27 March 1935 he joined the British Astronomical Association. In 1953 he decided to start searching for comets and in 1955 began searching for novae. His technique was to memorize the patterns of thousands of stars, so that he would visually recognize any intruder.

In 1959 he discovered comet C/1959 Q1 (Alcock), the first comet discovered in Britain since 1894, and only five days later discovered another, C/1959 Q2 (Alcock). He discovered two more comets in 1963 (C/1963 F1 Alcock) and 1965. He later discovered his first nova, Nova Delphini 1967 (HR Delphini), which turned out to have an unusual light-curve. He discovered two more novae, LV Vul (in 1968) and V368 Sct (in 1970). He found his fifth and final comet in 1983: C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock). In 1991 he found the nova V838 Her.

Honours and awards

Alcock became a Fellow of 3 British societies in 1947: the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Geographical Society, and the Royal Meteorological Society. He won the Jackson-Gwilt Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1963. On 7 February 1979, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him an MBE. In 1981 he received the International Amateur Achievement Award from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

An asteroid, 3174 Alcock is named after him.

He also maintained an active interest in meteorology (the study of weather, unrelated to his interest in meteors).

His achievements were fairly remarkable, and with the modern invention of CCDs and photometry and automated and computerized search programs that make his visual discovery techniques seem entirely quaint and obsolete, it is unlikely that such achievements will ever be repeated.

In 1996, Genesis Publications published a limited edition signed biography, authored by Kay Williams, entitled "Under An English Heaven - The Life of George Alcock".

After his death, a plaque was placed in Peterborough Cathedral in his memory.

Personal life
In 1936 Alcock met Mary Green through their shared interest in astronomy. They were married 7 June 1941, and moved to the village of Farcet from 1955, in a house they called Antares, where Alcock discovered five comets and five nova. Mary died on 25 October 1991.

References

External links
 Ian Ridpath. New Scientist The man with the astronomical memory. New Scientist 1982 December 16

1912 births
2000 deaths
20th-century British astronomers
Discoverers of comets
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Peterborough

George Alcock


The Clock Without a Face is puzzle book by Eli Horowitz and Mac Barnett with illustrations by Scott Teplin. It was published in 2010 by McSweeney's. The plot of the book revolves around the theft of 12 jeweled numbers from the face of "the Emerald Khroniker," a cursed clock, and with clues to the thief's identity and the whereabouts of the numbers are included throughout the text and in accompanying pictures. The identity of the thieves is revealed on the last page, but the location of the treasure is not. The authors hid 12 actual emerald-studded numbers (crafted by Anna Sheffield) in locations around the United States, and readers are encouraged to search for them using the clues in the book.

References

External links
The Faster Times: Interview with author Eli Horowitz

2010 books
McSweeney's books
Mystery fiction
Puzzle hunts
Puzzle books

The Clock Without a Face


The 1896 Open Championship was the 36th Open Championship, held 10–11 and 13 June at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Harry Vardon won the Championship after a playoff against J.H. Taylor.

Sandy Herd led by five shots after a first round of 72. Taylor and James Kay were second after scoring 77. Taylor had reached turn in 35 but came back in a poor 42. The amateur Freddie Tait had the best round of the afternoon with a 75 while Herd had a disappointing 84 and Kay an even worse 88. At the end of the day, Taylor led on 155, with Herd on 156, Willie Fernie and David Brown on 157 and Tait on 158.

In the third round, the leading professionals had similar scores but the amateur Tait dropped down the field after an 84. Herd led on 235 with Taylor on 236, Brown and Ben Sayers on 238 and Fernie and Vardon on 239. Taylor the first starter of those in contention and played steadily for an 80 and a total of 316. Fernie started well but took seven at the 7th and also finished with an 80 and a total of 319. Vardon played the best golf of the leading six and came to the last needing a four to win. However he played safely to avoid the bunkers around the green and settled for a five to finish with a 77 and a tie with Taylor.  Herd, who had led Vardon by 11 shots after the first round, had another bad afternoon round of 85 after his 84 the previous day.

In the 36-hole playoff, Taylor started badly and was six strokes behind after eight holes, taking 40 to Vardon's 34. However he gained a shot on five of the next six holes and, although he took six at the 16th, ended the morning golf only two strokes behind. The scores were level after the 1st hole in the afternoon when Vardon took 5 while Taylor scored 3. However, Vardon gained shots at the next three holes. After gaining a stroke at the 12th Taylor was only two behind. They then halved the next five holes, both taking six at the long 16th. The championship was decided at the 17th where Vardon holed a 12-yard putt to take a three shot lead to the last. Playing boldly Taylor got into a difficult position in a greenside bunker and took six, while Vardon played safely for a five to win by four shots.

Just five days before his 73rd birthday, Old Tom Morris played in his last Open Championship, 36 years after finishing second in the first Championship. At  he remains the oldest known competitor in the Open Championship.

First day leaderboard
Wednesday, 10 June 1896

Final leaderboard
Source:

Thursday, 11 June 1896

Playoff
Source:

Taylor and Vardon were engaged in a 36-hole tournament at North Berwick on Friday 12 June and so the playoff was delayed until the following day. Taylor finished joint winner of the North Berwick tournament, with Ben Sayers and Willie Fernie, winning £8. "After the championship there seemed to a complete collapse of interest in the game, both in the players and spectators."

Saturday, 13 June 1896

Scorecards

Morning round

Afternoon round

References

External links
Muirfield 1896 (Official site)

The Open Championship
Golf tournaments in Scotland
Open Championship
Open Championship
Open Championship

1896 Open Championship


The Bloomfield River cod (Guyu wujalwujalensis) or the tropical nightfish, is a species of temperate perch endemic to Australia.  It is only found in an 11-km stretch of the Bloomfield River (between two large waterfalls) in northern Queensland.  These waterfalls appear to have blocked the migration of more aggressive tropical freshwater fish species such as the sooty grunter (Hephaestus fuliginosus) that have presumably naturally displaced the Bloomfield River cod from its former range in prehistoric times. With its very limited distribution, the Bloomfield River cod is clearly a relict species.  It is a very important relict species, however, as it is the most northerly distributed percichthyid species in Australia, and raises interesting questions on the biogeography of percichthyid fish in Australia and the history of their ancient colonisation of Australian rivers.

The species name wujalwujalensis comes from the Wujal Wujal Aboriginal community on the Bloomfield River, and the genus name Guyu comes from the tribe's name for this fish.  Bloomfield River cod are the only species in the genus Guyu.

Though named after the Australian freshwater cod species that are the most famous members of the family Percichthyidae (e.g. Murray cod), the Bloomfield River cod has little resemblance to the cod species.  In fact, it is very similar in shape and appearance to a juvenile golden perch in a gold/light bronze colouration.  It can reach a length of  SL.

References

Bloomfield River cod
Freshwater fish of Queensland
Bloomfield River cod
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
 moved to Latin name redirect a-->

Bloomfield River cod


Robert F. Hale (born 1947) was the United States Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) from 2009 until 2014 and before that the Comptroller and Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management.  Hale has over thirty years of experience as a professional financial manager serving in a wide range of national defense related roles.  In addition to his most recent position as Under Secretary of Defense and his previous appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Hale has also served in the National Security Division of the Congressional Budget Office and as Executive Director of the American Society of Military Comptrollers.  Hale is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration and a former member of the Defense Business Board. He was appointed to the National Commission on the Future of the Army by Representative Adam Smith (D-WA).

Early life

Hale was born on January 21, 1947. He was raised in Fairfield, California, graduating from Armijo High School in 1964.   He attended Stanford University, graduating with honors and receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics and statistics.  He earned a Master's degree in operations research from Stanford, and later a Master of Business Administration from George Washington University.

Hale spent three years on active duty as an officer in the United States Navy, serving first with a Navy security group in Okinawa, Japan and then in Washington, D.C.  After completing his Navy tour in 1972, he took a civilian position at the Center for Naval Analyses, serving as an analyst and later a study director.  In 1975, Hale joined Logistics Management Institute or LMI, a not-for-profit consulting firm specializing in service to the Federal government.  He was selected as a fellow of the institute, and eventually, headed LMI's acquisition and grants management group.

Public service

After leaving LMI, Hale took a key position at the Congressional Budget Office, non-partisan agency that supports the United States Congress.  During his tenure at the Congressional Budget Office, Hale was responsible for analyzing major defense budget issues.  He also frequently testified before Congressional committees regarding the results of budget studies conducted by the Congressional Budget Office.  He headed the Congressional Budget Office's National Security Division for twelve year before President Bill Clinton nominated Hale to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management and Comptroller).

Hale served in the Clinton Administration as the Comptroller and Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management from 1994 to 2001. As chief financial officer for the United States Air Force, Hale was responsible for annual budgets of approximately $70 billion. During his tenure, Hale initiated important process changes that streamlined the Air Force's financial management system to bring it into compliance with the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990.

When he left the Air Force, the American Society of Military Comptrollers selected Hale to be the society's full-time Executive Director.  The society offers career development opportunities and financial management training to its 18,000 members.  During his tenure as executive director, Hale was a strong advocate for the society's professional certification program, a challenging four part examination leading to recognition as a Certified Defense Financial Manager.  Hale planned and conducted the society's National Professional Development Institute, an annual conference that offers training to over 3,500 participants.  He was also responsible for publishing the society's well respected professional journal, Armed Forces Comptroller.

Defense comptroller

President Barack Obama nominated Hale to be Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) on January 9, 2009.  During his confirmation hearing on January 15, 2009, Hale reminded the Senate Armed Services Committee that he had over thirty years of experience in defense related financial management.  The United States Senate confirmed his appointment on February 9, 2009.  As chief financial officer for the Department of Defense, Hale is the principal advisor to Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel on all fiscal matters including the development and execution of the department's annual budget, which at time of his appointment, was over $600 billion (including war supplemental spending).  Hale is also responsible for financial policy, accounting and financial reporting, financial management systems, and business modernization efforts within the Defense Department.

In a briefing on September 27, 2013, Hale warned that lapse in funding caused by the federal government shutdown of 2013 would cause a delay in military death-benefit payments for the families of U.S. troops killed in action (such as the $100,000 "death gratuity," the burial benefit, and the survivors' housing allowance). Hale called the situation a "ghoulish" legal consequence of the shutdown. Despite Hale's warnings, "it took until the second week of the crisis for members of Congress to propose doing anything about it." On October 10, 2013, Congress eventually passed a bill authorizing emergency payments to the families of deceased soldiers during the government shutdown, which President Obama signed into law the same day.

Other accomplishments
Hale is a Certified Defense Financial Manager and a past national president of the American Society of Military Comptrollers (1997–1998).  He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration and a former member of the Defense Business Board, a high-level Pentagon advisory panel.  Hale was a member of the Task Force on the Future of Military Healthcare, which issued a report in June 2008 on how to create a cost-effective healthcare system for military members and their families.

Hale was selected as a Booz Allen Fellow in November 2014.  In that position, he serves as an advisor to the Booz Allen Hamilton corporate leadership.

Awards

Hale has received several prestigious awards for his public service.  They include:

 Department of Defense Exceptional Public Service Award
 Air Force Distinguished Service Award
 National Defense Medal

References

External links

U.S. Department of Defense

Living people
Stanford University alumni
George Washington University School of Business alumni
Clinton administration personnel
Obama administration personnel
United States Under Secretaries of Defense
1947 births
People from Fairfield, California
American chief financial officers

Robert F. Hale


Michael P. Johnson (born April 2, 1987) is a former American football offensive lineman. He played college football for the University of Alabama, and was recognized as a consensus All-American.  The Atlanta Falcons chose him in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft.

Early years
Johnson was born in Pensacola, Florida.  He attended Pine Forest High School in Pensacola, where he achieved a perfect 4.0 GPA and scored a 27 on the ACT exam.  He played high school football for the Pine Forest Eagles.  Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Johnson was listed as the No. 17 offensive tackle prospect in the nation.

College career
Johnson attended the University of Alabama, where he played for coach Nick Saban's Alabama Crimson Tide football team from 2006 to 2009.  He earned first-team All-American honors from Pro Football Weekly in 2008.  The following year, Johnson was named a consensus first-team All-American and was a member of Alabama's first national championship team in 17 years.

Professional career
Johnson was drafted 98th overall in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. On June 19, the Falcons signed Johnson to a deal. He played two games in 2011 spending most of the season on injured reserve. He played 16 games in 2012 as the second string guard and a blocking tight end on goal line/short yardage situations. Johnson, who went into the preseason as the projected starter at right tackle, suffered a fractured fibula and dislocated left ankle on August 6, 2013, and was placed on injured reserve three days later.

Johnson retired from the NFL before the 2015 season began and several months after being released from the Falcons.

References

External links
Alabama Crimson Tide bio

1987 births
Living people
Alabama Crimson Tide football players
All-American college football players
American football offensive guards
Atlanta Falcons players
Players of American football from Pensacola, Florida

Mike Johnson (offensive lineman)


Casper is a freestyle skateboarding trick that was invented by Bobby "Casper" Boyden in the late 1970s. Boyden had a very pale skin and he was nicknamed after the cartoon ghost. The modern casper was invented by Rodney Mullen in the late 1980s.

During a casper the skateboarder holds the skateboard upside down with his feet and balances on the tip of the tail. The skateboarder stands on the bottom side of the tail while his front foot is under the front part of the board touching the griptape and keeping it from touching the ground.

Casper was originally performed without jumping but it can also be performed from a half flip. When doing an original casper the skateboarder stands on the board so that the heel of his back foot is on the tail and the ball and toes are hanging from the side. The front foot rests on the opposite edge of the board near the trucks. The skateboarder then jumps up to unweight the board and presses the edge of the deck with his front foot to make the board flip over. When the board has flipped upside down the skateboarder catches it with his front foot and places his back foot on the now upside down tail. After balancing in this stance the skateboarder usually jumps up a bit, lifts his back foot from the board and uses his front foot to turn the board back to its normal position with a motion that resembles an impossible. The board is turned upside down with the tip of the tail on the ground acting as a fulcrum, the front foot under the front of the board holding it up acting as the effort, and the back foot resting on top of the back truck as the load. Note that the skateboarder's feet never touch the ground during this trick.

A modern casper is performed like a kickflip, but the skateboarder catches the board after it has flipped upside down and lands in the casper stance. A casper can be performed either when standing still or when moving. The balancing can also involve sliding on the tip of the tail. Exiting the trick can involve rotating, flipping or wrapping the board around the foot. It is recommended that beginners learning to incorporate the Casper initiate the move while riding fakie; riding tail-first allows the use of momentum to assist in lifting the nose of the board.

The reverse of this trick is the Anti-casper which is the same principle only applied a half-impossible into a casper on the nose of the board.

A comprehensive demonstration of the Casper, including complex variations on the theme and tricks involving the Casper can be seen in the Rodney Mullen segment of the 1994 film Second Hand Smoke, by Plan B.

There are many types of "casper tricks", such as the casper slide (A trick in which a rider does a half-kickflip so that they are in casper stance, then sliding/dragging the tail of the board on the ground so that the rider essentially slides), and the casper/hospital flip (where the rider does a half-kickflip, then uses their feet to spin the board in a 180 while the board also flips back to normal position). There is much debate whether the casper and hospital flip are the same. However, the casper flip uses both feet to spin the board, while the hospital flip only uses one foot, similar to a shuvit.

References

Skateboarding tricks

Casper (skateboarding)


Vinnie Favorito (born August 23, 1960) is an American stand-up comedian. He is known for high-profile celebrity roasts of notable figures in American culture and sports, as well as his 20-year history as a headlining comedian in Las Vegas. He currently performs five nights a week in the show "Vinnie Favorito Unfiltered" at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino.

Career
Favorito started his comedy career in Boston, Massachusetts in 1986 alongside comedians Joe Rogan, Nick Di Paolo, Jackie Flynn, Louis C.K., and David Cross. Favorito stayed in Boston for ten years, playing shows at every major comedy club in the city such as Nick's Comedy Stop, Comedy Connection, Stitches, and Play it Again Sam's, frequently with touring comics such as Drew Carey and Ray Romano. By 1990, Favorito was voted one of the Top Ten comics in Boston by the Boston Herald.

"The best comics came out of Boston. Most of us have gone through shit but we are survivors and our talent keeps us going. We truly did have great times. Pranks, long fun drives going from gig to gig. So much fun." -Vinnie Favorito on the Boston comedy scene, 2016.

After a decade in Boston, Favorito moved to Los Angeles, California for five years where he was a frequent performer at clubs like The Comedy Store and The Improv. In 1998, he won the San Francisco International Comedy Competition and performed at the Montreal Comedy Festival which earned Favorito notoriety in the industry. Afterward, Favorito went on tour, performing in major comedy clubs all over the country. He was soon offered two television deals by CBS which he turned down. He subsequently shot a pilot for Fox Family called "Favor and Family." When the pilot was not picked up, he was offered his own show in Las Vegas.

As a comedian, Favorito has specialized in celebrity roasts, drawing comparisons to the great roastmasters of The Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts. Favorito has roasted celebrities such as Tom Arnold, Magic Johnson, Pat O'Brien, Stan Winston, Jerry Springer, Larry Flynt, and Larry King. Favorito brings the comedy atmosphere of a celebrity roast to his stage shows where each member of the audience becomes the subject of their own celebrity roast.

From 2003 to 2004, Favorito headlined at Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel, becoming their first-ever headliner. From 2004 to 2008, Favorito performed at O'Shea's Casino. From there,  Favorito began his long run at the Flamingo Las Vegas, where he performed multiple times a week from 2008 to 2014. He currently performs in his new show, Vinnie Favorito Unfiltered, five nights a week at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino.

In addition to stage performances, Favorito is also known for his work in radio and television. He regularly appears on The Best Damn Sports Show Period and hosted his own show on Fox Sports Radio called The Wise Guys. Additional television and film appearances include Clueless, One World, The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn, among others.

Controversy

Vinnie Favorito has been profiled in the Las Vegas Review Journal as someone who borrowed money from venue staff where he performed, and from unsuspecting fans, partners, etc., and then not repaying the debt/loan. This behavior continues to this day as he continues to borrow from friends and acquaintances in the Boston area.

That behavior led  Caesars Entertainment to end its involvement with Favorito by revoking the agreement for the performance space Favorito leased, forcing the closure of his show; Favorito's show rented space from the Flamingo Casino in Las Vegas; the show was not a contracted/hired show. Vinnie Favorito's abuse of debt led to a bankruptcy filing on September 7, 2016, wherein "claiming he has less than $50,000 in assets and owes $1 million to $10 million (a wide range indeed, but it's one of the brackets to check on the U.S. Bankruptcy Court's filing form)."

References

External links

American people of Italian descent
American stand-up comedians
Living people
Male actors from Boston
1960 births
21st-century American comedians

Vinnie Favorito


Edward Arthur Dayman, BD, (11 July 1807 – 30 October 1890) was an English clergyman and hymn writer.

Life
Dayman was born at Padstow in Cornwall, the third son of John Dayman, of Mambury in Devon, and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at Exeter College in Oxford. He was awarded 1st Class in Lit. Hum (1829), BA (1830), MA (1831) and BD (1841). He was for some time fellow and tutor of his college, and pro-proctor in 1835.

Dayman took Holy Orders in 1835 and became successively examiner for University Scholarship for Latin, 1838; in Lit. Hum., 1838–1839, and 1841–1842, senior proctor of the university.

Dayman's clerical appointments were:
1842 - Rector of Shillingstone in Dorset
1849 - Rural Dean
1852 - Proctor in Convocation
1862 - Hon. Canon of Bitton in Sarum Cathedral

Works
Dayman's works include "Modern Infidelity", 1861, and "Essay on Inspiration", 1864.
He was joint editor with Lord Nelson and Canon (afterwards Bishop) Woodford of the Sarum Hymnal, 1868; which contains translations from the Latin, and original hymns by him; and with Canon Rich-Jones, of "Statula et Comuetudines Ecclesiae Cathedralis Sarisburiensis", 1883. He also contributed several translations from the Latin to The Hymnary, 1872. He was for many years engaged in compiling an English Dictionary of Mediaeval Latin founded on Du Cange.

The original hymns contributed by Dayman to the Sarum Hymnal are as follows:
Almighty Father, heaven and earth, q.v.  (1867) Offertory.
O Lord, be with us when we sail.  (1865)  For use at Sea.
O Man of Sorrows, Thy prophetic eye.   (1865) Tuesday before Easter.
Sleep thy last sleep.  (1868)  Burial.
Upon the solitary mountain's height.  (1866) Transfiguration.
When the messengers of wrath. (1867)   During Pestilence and Famine.
Who is this with garments dyed? (1866) Monday before Easter.

Sources
Hymnary.org, People › Dayman, Edward Arthur, 1807-1890 (from the Dictionary of Hymnology, 1907), Extracted 29 April 2010
Bethany Lutheran College, Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary Handbook, Biographies and Sources, Extracted 29 April 2010
 Internet Archive, Open Library, The hymns and hymn writers of The Church Hymnary, John Brownlie, 1899, London
A dictionary of hymnology, setting forth the origin and history of Christian hymns of all ages and nations, Dover Publications, John Julian,1907 on Google Books (see A Dictionary of Hymnology
University of Glasgow, Link to manuscripts catalogue (collections relating to Edward Arthur Dayman)

1807 births
1890 deaths
People educated at Blundell's School
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Fellows of Exeter College, Oxford
19th-century English Anglican priests
English hymnwriters
People from Padstow
19th-century English musicians

Edward Dayman


The Cathedral of San Cristóbal de La Laguna or  ( in Spanish) is a Roman Catholic church in Tenerife, Spain. Begun in 1904 and completed in 1915, it is dedicated to the Virgin of Los Remedios (patron of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and the island of Tenerife). The cathedral is the mother church of the diocese, which includes the islands of Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. It is therefore where the episcopal seat of the bishop of this diocese, currently occupied by Bishop Bernardo Álvarez Afonso. This is one of the most important churches of the Canary Islands.

The Cathedral of San Cristóbal de La Laguna is located in the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain). In the cathedral lie the remains of Alonso Fernandez de Lugo, conqueror of the island and founder of the city. The cathedral is located in the historic center of the city of La Laguna, and was declared a World Heritage Site in 1999 by UNESCO. The cathedral contains elements of several architectural styles including Neoclassical and Neo-Gothic. The most representative elements of the Cathedral of La Laguna are its Neoclassical facade, inspired by the Cathedral of Pamplona, and the dome, which stands out prominently in the city landscape.

History

Primitive temples

In 1511, a hermitage was erected on the site of the current Plaza de Fray Albino edifice. It was built by order of the conquistador, Alonso Fernández de Lugo. The area appears to have been an ancient Guanche necropolis. It is also known that the whole valley of Aguere (in which the city lies), especially the large lake that was in this place, was a place of pilgrimage for the indigenous people of the island.

This primitive chapel was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary in her Expectation, which is celebrated every 18 December.

The chapel was replaced in 1515 with a major construction dedicated to the Virgin of Los Remedios in the Mudéjar architectural style, to which a tower was added in 1618. It was on 21 April 1515 when the site rose to the level of parish with the name . The feast day of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary is celebrated on 8 September.

That same year, the Portuguese mason Miguel Alonso built the main chapel, the main arch, the altar, the stands, the tabernacle and the door of the sacristy, all made of stone.

On 7 April 1534, Saint José de Anchieta was baptized in the church. He was born in the city of La Laguna, became a missionary, and later became the founder of the city of Sao Paulo and one of the founders of Rio de Janeiro, both in Brazil. Precisely the cathedral is the diocesan shrine of the saint in the Canary Islands.

In 1752 a new transept was built, the main chapel vestries were widened and spacious dressing rooms were added for the image of the patron saint, the Virgen de los Remedios. Don Domingo de la Guerra, who directed the work and was later Marqués de San Andrés, extended the main chapel, because he hoped that one day the temple would become the Cathedral of Tenerife.

Cathedral
Several times since the old chapel was converted into a parish in 1515, there were attempts to have it be designated a cathedral, collegiate, or auxiliary cathedral dependent on the Cathedral of Santa Ana of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, with some of the members of the Canary Cathedral Chapter residing in the Church of Los Remedios. These initial applications were not successful.

In 1783, at the height of the Enlightenment (La Laguna was the center of this movement in the Canary Islands), a request was made for designation as a diocese to be located in the Church of Los Remedios but the request was received with suspicion by members of the Cathedral Chapter and the Bishop of Gran Canaria, and the establishment of an ecclesiastical institution on this island was again rejected.

Finally, on 1 February 1819, a papal bull approved the division of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Canarias in two dioceses. The temple became a cathedral in 1819 by bull of Pope Pius VII, and the new diocese of La Laguna was created. The Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna includes the islands of Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

In obtaining the title of cathedral and the creation of the Diocese it had an important role priest Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez, confessor of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Titular Archbishop of Heraclea. His tomb is now in the presbytery of the Cathedral of La Laguna, next to the Epistle.

At the time the building was constructed and dedicated as a cathedral, the capital of the island was the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, which is why the cathedral was built there and not in the current capital of the island (Santa Cruz de Tenerife). The diocesan headquarters still remains in San Cristóbal de La Laguna. On 5 October 1983, the Cathedral of La Laguna was declared a National Historic-Artistic Monument in Spain.

During the time of the suppression of the Bishopric of Tenerife (between 1851 and 1875) as a result of the Concordat of 1851, the Cathedral of La Laguna lost its cathedral title, becoming the collegiate church and being the only collegiate church that has existed in the Canary Islands. With the restoration of the diocese in 1875, the temple regains its status as a cathedral church with all the ecclesiastical privileges it enjoyed previously.

The cathedral is also a parish and a Marian shrine, as the Virgin of Los Remedios is the patron saint of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and the island of Tenerife. There is some expectation that this church will be declared a minor basilica by the Holy See in the near future.

Restoration 2002–2014

In 2002 the cathedral was closed to worship for a meticulous restoration, with the intention of reopening a few years later. However, due to bureaucratic disagreements, the cathedral remained closed for more than a decade. During the pre-restoration study, it had been discovered that the main dome and vaults were so damaged that the only viable solution was the demolition of these elements and their subsequent reconstruction. The new vaults and domes were built with a new material, polypropylene fiber, making the cathedral the first in the world to use this material. Finally, the doors were reopened on 25 January 2014, to be reopened to worship on 31 January of that year.

To mark the centenary and the reopening of the cathedral, a Jubilee Year was held from 27 April 2014, until 12 April 2015, both dates coinciding with the Divine Mercy Sunday. That Jubilee was decreed by a special mandate of Pope Francis, with the chance of winning the faithful a plenary indulgence.

During the remodeling, which included Cathedral Square in 2014, archaeological remains were discovered underground. Some evidence was unearthed in the rubble that suggested it belonged to the ancient Church of Los Remedios or to structures from the first European settlement in the city. Later, in 2018 human remains of the sixteenth century were discovered in the place. One thinks that in the place the old parochial cemetery was located.

Architecture
The Neoclassical front dates back to 1820. The current building was constructed between 1904 and 1915 and is in the Neo-Gothic style. The cathedral has three wide aisles and an ambulatory (unique in the Canary Islands) that surrounds the chancel, or altar. These elements give the interior of the cathedral a typical medieval European feel in contrast to the colonial style of the exterior.

The cathedral's large dome is topped by a large concrete cross. It is  in height, which makes it the highest point in the old town. The vaults are topped by small windows that let in natural light. The dome is covered with copper plates, imitating the cathedrals of central and northern Europe.

Chapels

Chapel of Saint Teresa of Avila
The altarpiece of Saint Teresa of Avila is Neo-Gothic. In the center is the statue of St. Teresa of Avila. The chapel also is the altarpiece of Ecce Homo (locally called ) that was installed in March 2014, shortly after the reopening of the cathedral following its recent restoration.

Chapel of the Immaculate Conception
This chapel, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, is located on the right side (side of the Epistle) directly next to the Chapel of Our Lady of Remedies. The altarpiece of the Immaculate was created in 1915 and suffered extensive damage during the time the cathedral was closed for restoration from 2002 to 2014. Today, the altarpiece of the Immaculate is already restored. The sculpture Our Lady of Light () is in this chapel, dating from the mid-sixteenth century. This image has been attributed to the sculptor working environment Roque Balduque, for its resemblance to the works of the Sevillian sculptor of Flemish origin, among which is the image of Our Lady of Evangelization venerated in the Cathedral of Lima (Peru). The tomb of bishop Nicolás Rey y Redondo is in the back of the chapel.

Chapel of Christ tied to the Column
The sculpture of Christ at the column that presides over this chapel was blessed on 6 June 1756, and was created by sculptor Pietro Galleano in Genoa (Italy). The altarpiece was carved between 1763 and 1765, and is covered in gold. Next to Christ is the statue of Our Lady of Sorrows carved in Seville and attributed to the sculptor Gabriel Astorga y Miranda, and the other side is Saint Mary Magdalene, sculpture by Fernando Estévez. On a base next to the altarpiece is the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. In this chapel is the tomb of bishop Luis Franco Cascón.

Chapel of Our Lady of Candelaria
The altarpiece of the Virgin of Candelaria was initially dedicated to the Virgin of Mercy. The sculpture of the Virgin of Candelaria is a replica of the patron saint of the Canary Islands venerated in the Shrine Basilica of the town of Candelaria. This image was made by local sculptor Faustino Álvarez Hernández and restored by sculptor Ezequiel de León Domínguez. Next to the Virgin are the images sculptures of the Canarian saints Saint José de Anchieta and Saint Peter of Saint Joseph de Betancur. In the chapel there is also a sculpture of Christ Nazarene which came from Valencia and reached the city of La Laguna in 1901 and the Our Lady of Solitude, from the 18th century, the work of the local sculptor José Rodríguez de la Oliva.

Chapel of Saint Joseph of Nazareth
The image of Saint Joseph of Nazareth is dressed in rich robes of cloth and dates from the late seventeenth century by Lázaro González de Ocampo. The figure of the Child Jesus is from a later period. There are also sculptures of Saint Anne and Saint Joachim, which are considered masterpieces of eighteenth-century Canarian art. At the top of the altar is a small wooden statue of Saint Jerome.

Chapel of Saint Barbara
The altarpiece of Saint Barbara is neo-Gothic. It was designed by Francisco Bonnin Guerin and created by members of the artillery corps de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. This altarpiece was initially in the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Also in this chapel is the altarpiece of Our Lady of La Salette donated by Estanislada González in 1915.

Chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
The altarpiece of the Our Lady of Mount Carmel is another neo-Gothic altarpiece. In the center is the image of the Virgin of Mount Carmel dressed in baroque style, which has been in the cathedral since 1619. In the lateral niches are sculptures of Saint Andrew the Apostle and Saint Therese of Lisieux. On one side is the image of Christ of Burgos. The original sculpture of the Christ who was venerated in the city was destroyed in 1964 due to a fire in the Convent of San Agustín where his statue had been.

Chapel of the Baptistery
Most of this chapel is occupied by a baptismal font from 1969. Also in this chapel is the altarpiece of Saint Thomas Aquinas where is the statue of the saint. Next to it is the image of the Virgin of Mercy, which was created by sculptor José Rodríguez de la Oliva. Another image that is in this chapel is Saint Lawrence of Rome, probably dating from the second half of the seventeenth century.

Chapel of Our Lady of Remedies

The highlight of the interior of the cathedral is the altarpiece of Our Lady of Remedies, patron saint of the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, of the island of Tenerife and the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and of the Marian devotion to which the cathedral is consecrated. Her feast is celebrated on 8 September.

The altarpiece of the Our Lady of Remedies is in a chapel in the transept of the cathedral and is the largest altarpiece in the Canary Islands. It is a great Baroque altarpiece from the first half of the eighteenth century, with an impressive set of seven panels attributed to Hendrick Van Balen, Van Dyck's teacher. The image of the Virgin of Los Remedios is located in the central niche and is adorned in rich robes and dresses. It is located in a spectacular canopy over a silver throne, with a sunburst of the same framing material and a golden crescent moon at her feet.

Other artworks
Inside is a pulpit of Carraran Italian marble carved by Pasquale Bocciardo (considered the best work done in marble of the Canary Islands), and part of Mazuelos's Altarpiece. In addition, there are valuable works by Cristóbal Hernández de Quintana, Luján Pérez and Fernando Estévez.

Also inside the cathedral is the image of Christ of Los Remedios, which is considered the twin of Cristo de La Laguna. This image is located on the marble tabernacle of the main altar. The image dates from the sixteenth century and is by an unknown artist. The temple also houses a large canvas with the theme The Souls of Purgatory by the painter Cristóbal Hernández de Quintana, and a painting of the Last Supper, the work of Juan de Miranda.

Inside the cathedral the relics of the martyrs are preserved: Saint Aurelio de Córdoba, Saint Faustino, Saint Venusto and Saint Amado Nusco, plus a piece of the mantle of Saint Ferdinand and a bone of James the Less. But the most important relics of the cathedral are those belonging to the two saints of the Canary Islands, Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur and José de Anchieta.

The Treasure of the Cathedral of La Laguna covers a period from the sixteenth century to the present. Most of the pieces correspond to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This treasure is the set pieces goldsmith largest of the Canary Islands, among which two silver candlesticks are the largest in Spain, among many other pieces. In addition to the treasure they include religious carvings, suits and coats, ornaments, pictures, etc.

Music
After the creation of the Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna and the subsequent declaration of the Parish of Our Lady of Los Remedios to the rank of cathedral, the temple becomes a major center of musical production.

Music chapel attached to the cathedral was created. He served as choirmaster composer Miguel Jurado Bustamante born in Cadiz. Among the major composers of the cathedral include: Remigio Oliva, Manuel Fragoso and Nicolás González.

The musical production of Miguel Jurado Bustamante covers all genres of religious music in Latin (masses, motets, psalms, Magnificats, hymns, litanies, lamentations, responses and antiphons dedicated to the Virgin Mary) and Castilian (carols). Some 140 works have been located thus far by this composer, representing a large output.

Miguel Jurado trained other local musicians, the most important of whom was Domingo Crisanto Delgado Gómez, one of the most famous composers from the Canaries in the nineteenth century, who in 1836 would become the first organist of the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista of Puerto Rico. Crisanto's production is predominantly vocal and choral, not only a cappella but also with accompaniment of organ, piano or instrumental group.

Finally, another great composer who worked at the cathedral was Domingo Herrera Guillén, of whom only a single work is preserved.

Chapter house and icon museum
The chapter house is home to the cathedral chapter, also called the Chapter of Canons, which constitutes the corporation of priests responsible to serve in cult of the cathedral and its religious and cultural activities. The building is a well-known Canarian house of the eighteenth century, attached to the building of the cathedral.

It houses the icons museum, which contains the largest collection of Byzantine icons of Spain, with 160 original pieces that are mostly about 300 years old. These artworks are owned by the Diocese of Tenerife and come mainly from countries such as Russia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Italy and Greece. These pieces came to Tenerife through private donations to the bishopric and through merchants who arrived in the Canary Islands.

La Laguna Cathedral is one of the few Catholic cathedrals in the world with a museum dedicated to Orthodox art.

Acts
In the cathedral great acts and religious celebrations are celebrated. During Holy Week, the cathedral becomes the center of popular devotion in the city of La Laguna, because different brotherhoods and fraternities throughout the city perform their penitential station in the cathedral with their respective processional steps. Among these processional steps highlights the image of the Cristo de La Laguna (which is one of the most venerated images of the Canary Islands) and that every Holy Friday moves to this cathedral, which leaves hours later in the Magna Procession.

The image of the Christ revisits the temple in its September celebrations, on this occasion it remains in solemn quinary (from 9 to 14 September). For its part, also in September the feast of Our Lady of Remedies, patron saint of the cathedral and the Diocese of Nivariense, whose main day is 8 September and which highlights the procession of the Virgin through the streets. Every February 2 highlights the procession of Las Candelas with the image of Our Lady of Candelaria that is venerated in the cathedral. Other important events are the patron saint festival of the city, Saint Christopher (in La Laguna held on 27 July), the Corpus Christi procession (Sunday after the feast of the Holy Trinity) and the feast of Saint José de Anchieta, every 9 June, among others.

Other data of the cathedral

Immurement of the Cathedral of La Laguna
Immurement is a form of extreme ascetic devotion that proliferated during the Middle Ages, and consisted of voluntary seclusion (especially of women) inside small rooms located next to the main altar of the temples, and connected to it by a grid window to attend mass and receive communion.

In the old church located in the place of the current Cathedral of La Laguna, the only case of immurement registered in the Canary Islands took place in the sixteenth century. This is the case of Isabel de la Cruz, who had created a religious brotherhood before. When she died, her niece, María de las Vírgenes, and later her niece, María Emerenciana, followed him in the vow. The latter had in fact been raised by her aunt in said immurement since her childhood.

Apparition of the Virgin of Los Remedios
John of Jesus Hernández y Delgado was a seventeenth-century Franciscan friar who lived in the convent of San Diego del Monte, outside the city walls of La Laguna. John of Jesus said he had seen the Virgin of Los Remedios blessing the city from the top of the tower of his temple, the current Cathedral of La Laguna. This vision was disclosed in the sermons made by the priesthood during the friar's funeral.

Relevant baptisms
In the old church of Los Remedios were baptized: José de Anchieta in 1534, saint and missionary in Brazil and Amaro Pargo in 1678, corsair and merchant, among other personalities.

Gallery

See also
Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna
Real Santuario del Santísimo Cristo de La Laguna
Basilica of Candelaria
San Cristóbal de La Laguna

References

External links
 Official Website of La Laguna Cathedral

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1915
La Laguna
Catholic Church in the Canary Islands
Churches in Tenerife
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain

La Laguna Cathedral


Devendra Jhajharia (born 10 June 1981) is an Indian Paralympic javelin thrower competing in F46 events. He is the first Indian Paralympics player to win two gold medals at the Paralympics. He won his first gold in the javelin throw at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, becoming the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country. At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won a second gold medal in the same event, bettering his previous record. Devendra is currently being supported by the Olympic Gold Quest. He becomes India's most decorated Paralympic player by winning his third medal, a silver at the 2020 Summer Paralympics at Tokyo.

Early life and background
Jhajharia was born in 1981 and hails from the Churu District in Rajasthan. At the age of eight, climbing a tree he touched a live electric cable. He received medical attention but the doctors were forced to amputate his left hand. In 1997 he was spotted by Dronacharya Awardee coach R. D. Singh while competing at a school sports day, and from that point was coached by Singh. He gave credit to his personal coach R. D. Singh for 2004 Paralympic Gold Medal, saying: "He gives me a lot of advice and helps me during training."

He has been coached by Sunil Tanwar since 2015.

Career
In 2002 Jhajharia won the gold medal in the 8th FESPIC Games in South Korea. In 2004 Jhajharia qualified for his first Summer Paralaympic Games representing India at Athens. At the games he set a new world record with a distance of 62.15m eclipsing the old one of 59.77m. The throw gave him the gold medal and he became only the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country (India's first gold medal came from Murlikant Petkar).

Further athletic success came in 2013 at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France when he took the gold medal in the F46 javelin throw. He followed this with a silver medal at the 2014 Asian Para Games at Incheon in South Korea.  At the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships in Doha, despite throwing 59.06, Jhajharia could only finish in second place, claiming silver behind China's Guo Chunliang, who threw a championship record distance.

In 2016, he won a gold medal at the 2016 IPC Athletics Asia-Oceania Championship in Dubai. At the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F46 event, bettering his own 2004 record with a world-record throw of 63.97 metres.

On 30 August 2021, Jhajharia won silver medal in the men's javelin throw F46 event at Tokyo Paralympics 2020 along with Sundar Singh Gurjar (bronze medal at the same event).

Personal life
A former Indian Railways employee, Jhajharia is currently employed with the Rajasthan Forest Department. His wife, Manju, is a former nationally ranked kabaddi player; the couple has two children, Jiya and Kavyan.

Devendra Jhajharia was brought up by Jevani Devi and Ram Singh Jhajharia

Awards and recognition
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna (2017)
FICCI Para-Sportsperson of the Year (2014)
Padma Shri (2012; first Paralympian to be so honoured).
Arjuna Award (2004)
 Padma Bhushan (2022)

See also
India at the Paralympics

References

External links

https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/paralympics/news/amp/india-s-devendra-jhajharia-goes-for-historic-third-gold-in-javelin-at-tokyo-2020

Paralympic gold medalists for India
Paralympic silver medalists for India
Paralympic athletes for India
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Athletes from Rajasthan
Rajasthani people
Indian male javelin throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
People from Churu district
1981 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
FESPIC Games competitors
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in sports

Devendra Jhajharia


Follow shot is a specific camera angle in which the subject being filmed is seemingly pursued by the camera, for example by a Steadicam. The follow shot can be achieved through tracking devices, panning, the use of a crane, and zoom lenses resulting in different qualitative images but, nevertheless, recording a subject (performer) in motion.

Usage
Follow shots are typically used in film to establish audience alignment with the perspective of the character being followed and to follow them.  The audience is made aware of the character's presence and is able to observe them in action, while also being forced to identify with the character.  It is considered neither first-person perspective
nor third-person perspective.

Examples
Elephant: Each character is followed continuously during their narrative time.
2:37: Each character is followed several times, in a style similar to that of the previously-mentioned Elephant.
The Shining: The steadicam follows Danny as he rides his tricycle through the long hallways of the hotel.

Cinematography

Follow shot


Death to the Supermodels is a 2005 thriller comedy starring Jaime Pressly, Brooke Burns, Kimberley Davies, Taylor Negron, Matt Winston, Diane Delano and Jason Acuña. It was written and directed by Joel Silverman and filmed in Costa Rica.

Plot
Tiffany Courtney is an overly perky editor working for Merle Magazine. To give her company's magazine a more legitimate readership (the main readers of the magazine are currently prisoners, transsexuals, priests and gays), Tiffany proposes to her boss that the magazine hold a swimwear shoot on a tropical island starring the world's top five greatest supermodels.

 Eva: German beauty ranked as the world's number-one supermodel. Eva considers herself as seductive and refuses to wash or cut her armpit hair.
 Yo: An African American beauty from New York. Yo is famous for her large 'booty' and is most renowned for inspiring rapper 'Inky Stinky' to compose a rap about her behind.
 Darbie: Blonde and slender; American supermodel Darbie is known for her ability to transform herself into 'a human doll'. She is reported to have spent 12 days in the window of Bloomingdales in New York, before store clerks realized she wasn't a mannequin.
 Hoo-Chi: Asian beauty, famous for her eighth-degree black belt in martial arts and for her breast implants, to which she seeks the forgiveness of her deceased grandfather.
 P: Spanish P is famous for her heartbreaking pouting and her bipolar disorder.

To take the pictures Tiffany recruits Gunter and Gerd, two asexual photographers from Germany. The supermodels all agree to participate and are flown to the Islands of Isis, a tropical paradise where the shoot is to take place. Things don't start off well for Tiffany. As well as showing hatred towards each other the supermodels are instantly put of by Tiffany's excessive perkiness. Things go from bad to worse for Tiffany when she starts hearing the voice of Ryan from her self-help tapes in her head telling her to murder the supermodels.

Once Tiffany starts hearing the voices a Ninja begins to murder the supermodels. P is shot in the back by a spear gun during a shoot. Hoo-Chi has her neck broken whilst in hand-to-hand combat with the Ninja (following her death Hoo-Chi is revealed to be a transsexual, has male genitalia and appears as a man on a Chinese passport). Despite the murders Tiffany is determined to go ahead with the shoot. The next to be killed is Yo who dies of a massive bout of flatulence after the Ninja tampered with steroid suppositories she was taking to maintain her large behind. The voices in Tiffany's head continue to tell her that she had killed them and suspicion falls on Tiffany from the remaining models.

On the final day of the shoot, Eva's failed attempts to seduce the asexual photographers results in her abandoning the shoot. She is later found shot along with Gunter. The Ninja confronts Tiffany and Gerd and is unmasked and is Tiffany's boss Merle. Darbie is revealed to be Merle's lesbian lover. Merle and Darbie (whose real name is revealed to be Sarah) had conspired to kill the supermodels to promote the image of a new, intelligent supermodel. Gerd was also in on the scheme to escape from the dominance the mute Gunter to which he is basically a translator. Merle reveals that Tiffany is a major pawn in her scheme. The voices in her head were part of a scheme involving micro transmitters inserted in Tiffany's ears whilst she was having surgery to remove a freckle on her left nipple which Tiffany was concerned would turn cancerous. The voices are provided by Ryan himself who is another associate of Merle. He is also Dieter, Eva's poolboy. Merle turns the gun on Tiffany, she tries to talk them out of killing anyone else but is shot dead to set her up as the killer. The movie ends with Merle and Sarah/Darbie on the beach, talking about the future, but Merle is then shot (presumably with fatal consequences) by Sarah/Darbie presumably so only she would control the new wave of models.

Notes

The film features actresses with experience as models.  Jaime Pressley and Brooke Burns both have modeling backgrounds. Eva Derrek is a former Miss Germany with extensive experience as a fashion and fitness model (and incidentally a former flight attendant for a German airline).  She plays a French model in the film.

Cast

 Jamie Pressly, as Tiffany
 Kimberley Davies, as Darbie
 Sung Hi Lee, as Hoo-Chi
 Brooke Burns, as Eva
 Marcelle Larice, as Yo
 Maria Arcé, as P
 Eva Derrek, as French model

Reception

Scott Weinberg of DVDTalk.com described the film as "One of the stupidest, sloppiest, skankiest, and most amazingly unfunny comedies I've ever seen."

Catriona Mathewson of the Courier Mail gave it one star writing "WE HAVE a new contender for the worst movie ever made".

Impulse Gamer gave it a rating of 7.9 while saying, "It's cheese, it's camp, it's really a bad movie but somehow manages to pull itself together for an almost decent laugh."

References

External links

2005 films
American black comedy films
American comedy thriller films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Death to the Supermodels


Katowice International Fair () was an international trade fair in Katowice and one of the largest in Poland (the largest being the Poznań International Fair). A few dozen events were organized there each year, with the participation of some 4,500 companies.

Location
The Katowice International Fair grounds are located in the Silesian Central Park, next to the Silesian Planetarium, in the heart of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union. The fair features a few dozen exhibition halls, large open space area (about 24 ha), conference centers, its own hotel, etc.

History
The grounds were opened as The Center of Technical Progress in 1963. For years, the activities were mostly non-commercial in nature, for example large exhibitions presenting achievement of the Soviet Union space program, at which young people and local space enthusiasts could view and even enter various space capsules (or their real-size mock-ups) and obtain related technical information. After the 1989 transition to the market economy, they grounds took up a more commercial character.

Accident
In January 2006 the fair was the site of the Katowice Trade Hall roof collapse.

See also
 Expo Silesia -alternative sielsian trade fair center;

Culture in Katowice
Trade fairs in Poland
1963 establishments in Poland
Recurring events established in 1963
Tourist attractions in Silesian Voivodeship
Economy of Katowice
Convention centres in Poland
Polish Limited Liability Companies

Katowice International Fair


TourBook is the brand name of a series of United States travel guides published by the American Automobile Association (AAA).  The books are published annually in editions that cover one to five states each (depending on size).  Editions covering Canadian provinces are also available, created in association with the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA). Additional TourBooks have been published for Mexico and the Caribbean. TourBooks are free to AAA and CAA members.

TourBooks provide an overview of each state or province, followed by detailed travel information for each state or province, organized by city.  The books provide listings of major attractions, lodging, and restaurants.  Highlighted attractions are identified with a "GEM" icon ("Great Experience for Members").  Most lodging and restaurants are rated using AAA's "Diamond" system, from one to five, with "one diamond" indicating basic but adequate facilities and service and "five diamond" being reserved for the highest levels of luxury and elegance. Some establishments forgo AAA rating but are included for completeness.

References

External links
AAA Official Site (Not accessible in Canada)
CAA National
AAA/CAA TourBooks - CAA South Central Ontario
CAA Discoveries - CAA South Central Ontario

Travel guide books
American Automobile Association

TourBook


John Francis Sherrington (born 5 January 1958) is an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Westminster. His appointment was announced on 30 June 2011. He had previously served as part of the clergy of the Diocese of Nottingham.

Biography

John Sherrington was born in Leicester in 1958 to Frank and Catherine Sherrington, and has one brother. He attended St Thomas More Roman Catholic Primary School and Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, both in Leicester. After his secondary education he attended Queens' College, Cambridge obtaining his Masters in Mathematics. He later worked as a computer specialist for Arthur Anderson Management Consultants. He began his ecclesiastical studies at All Hallows College, Dublin, earning a Bachelor of Arts. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of Nottingham on 13 June 1987. He earned a licentiate in moral theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome (1988–1990).

Later he held the following pastoral assignments: Parochial Vicar at St Anne's in Radcliffe on Trent (1987–1988), Professor of Moral Theology at All Hallows College (1990–98), Professor of Moral Theology and Director of Studies at the inter-diocesan seminary in Wonersh (1998–2004), Parish Priest of Our Lady of Lourdes, Mickleover, Derbyshire (2004–09). From 2009-11 he was Parish Priest of the Church of the Good Shepherd, Arnold, Nottingham. At the same time he held the office of President of the Diocesan Commission for Marriage and Family Life and he has been a Consultor of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales on issues of morality.

On 30 June 2011, Sherrington was appointed an auxiliary bishop of Westminster and titular bishop of Hilta by Pope Benedict XVI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 14 September from Archbishop Vincent Nichols. From 2011 to 2016 he had oversight of the deaneries of Hertfordshire, and since then has had oversight of the deaneries of North London.

References

External links

Bishop Sherrington profile

1958 births
Living people
People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
21st-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
Alumni of All Hallows College, Dublin
Pontifical Gregorian University alumni
Clergy from Leicester
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge

John Sherrington


Sketty Hall is a venue used for hosting social functions, business functions and conferences in Singleton Park, Swansea, south Wales. The original building was built in the early 18th century as a private house. Over the years it has seen a number of extensions, modifications and changes of use to its present-day role.

History
The original building was constructed in the 1720s by Rawleigh Dawkin (later Rawleigh Mansel), son of the squire of Kilvrough in Gower, and on his death passed to his brother Mansel Dawkin (later Mansel Mansel). It was improved in 1780 by the addition of the bay windows and then Swansea architect, William Jernegan, later added the western part of the frontage for Ralph Sheldon, MP.

In the 1820s the house was remodelled by Charles Baring of the London merchant banking family. He added an extra floor to Rawleigh Dawkin's house and a parapet running the whole length of the south front. In 1831 the house was bought for £3,800 by Lewis Weston Dillwyn, owner of the Cambrian Pottery in Swansea. He commissioned the architect Edward Haycock Snr in the early 1830s to build the present entrance hall and adjacent large room on the north side of the house. In 1881 Frank Ash Yeo, Chairman of the Swansea Harbour Trust, added the dining room to the east of Dillwyn's entrance hall. Richard Glynn Vivian, an art lover from the Vivian family who gave the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery to Swansea, bought the Hall in 1898 as his home. He added the balconies and masks of Italian marble, laid out the ornamental gardens and installed the belvedere or gazebo tower on the roof.

During the Second World War, the house was requisitioned to serve as an ARP area headquarters. Later it was used by the British Iron and Steel Research Association as a major research centre for the steel industry. The hall was completely renovated in 1993. In 2022, the gardens and grounds, which are incorporated into Singleton Park were listed at Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

References

External links
Sketty Hall (official site)
Sketty Hall

Houses completed in 1752
Houses completed in the 18th century
Grade II listed buildings in Swansea
Houses in Swansea
Country houses in Wales
Registered historic parks and gardens in Swansea
Grade II listed houses in Wales
Mansel family

Sketty Hall


Sacculina carcini, the crab hacker barnacle, is a species of parasitic barnacle in the family Sacculinidae, in particular a parasitic castrator, of crabs. The crab that most often is used as a host is the green crab, the natural range of which is the coasts of Western Europe and North Africa. It can be found attached to the crab's abdomen and affects consumption rates by humans.

Appearance
The Sacculina carcini differ greatly between males and females. The female barnacles look like small slugs between entering the crab and infecting it. Once they have infected their host, they begin to develop and grow tendrils. This allows them to get the nutrients that it needs from their host. Over time, it can be seen hanging off the crab's abdomen filled with reproductive tissue. The male parasites are much smaller and serve only to help the female Sacculina carcini reproduce.

Distribution and habitat
Sacculina carcini is a monoxenic parasite of crabs, most commonly the green crab (Carcinus maenas). They have also been found to infect the Carcinus aesturarii, Liocarcinus depurator (Harbour crab), Pirimela denticulata,  Necora puber (Velvet crab), and the Liocarcinus holsatus (Flying crab). The parasite's range largely coincides with that of this host, which is usually the coasts of Western Europe and North Africa. The green crab, however, has been expanding its range and has become established in both North and South America, Southern Africa and Australia, so it is possible that the parasite is now present outside its natural territory.  These crabs all live in shallow water over sandy, rocky, or muddy substrates.

Life cycle
A female Sacculina carcini larva settles on a suitable crab host and crawls across its surface until it finds a suitable spot such as the base of a seta (bristle). It then develops into a form called a kentrogon, which inserts a stylet into the crab and pushes its way inside. In order to do this, she has to shed her outer hard shell first. From there it moves through the inside of the crab, in due course pushing out a sac, known as an externa, on the underside of the crab's abdomen. The part remaining inside, the interna, develops tendrils which spread throughout the crab. They take over the stomach, intestines, and nervous system to absorb nourishment and enable the parasite to control the behavior of its host.

The presence of the parasite inhibits the development of the crab's gonads, which eventually atrophy; it also prevents the crab from molting, consequently preventing it from regenerating lost limbs. The parasite causes a male crab to develop certain feminine characteristics including the broadening of its abdomen, while in females, the abdomen becomes narrower and the pleopods degenerate. The eggs of the parasite develop in the externa and both male and female crabs carry these eggs around, secured under their abdomen, in the way that female crabs normally care for their own brood (but males never do). If the parasite is experimentally removed from the host, female crabs will usually regenerate their ovaries, but in males, sex change takes place and they develop ovarian tissue.

The eggs inside the externa are fertilized by male larvae which enter the sac through a pore. These males are tiny, never become adults and soon die. However, the female, including the externa, can live for as long as the crab host survives, perhaps one or two years. Hundreds of eggs are produced every day and remain in the sac for about six weeks. When the parasite eggs are ready for release, the crab will climb onto a rock, bob about to release them and waft them on their way. The cycle then continues with each generation.

Organism impacts
The Sacculina carcini is known to control the population size of their hosts, like the Green crab, by making many of them infertile. Without reproduction, the population cannot expand and can cause a shortage for human consumption. The parasite can also cause their hosts to stop molting once infected. This can cause the crab to stop growing before it reaches a size big enough for human consumption. They are known to cause parasitic castration in crabs, femininize males the most.

References

External links

Barnacles
Crustaceans described in 1836
Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Mind-altering parasites
Parasitic crustaceans
Parasites of crustaceans

Sacculina carcini