The World Bank's assistance program of foreign aid to Vietnam has three objectives: to support Vietnam's transition to a market economy, to enhance equitable and sustainable development, and to promote good governance. From 1993 through 2004, Vietnam received pledges of US$29 billion of Official Development Assistance (ODA), of which about US$14 billion, or 49 percent, has been disbursed. In 2004 international donors pledged ODA of US$2.25 billion, of which US$1.65 billion was disbursed. Three donors accounted for 80 percent of disbursements in 2004: Japan, the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank. During the period 2006–10, Vietnam hopes to receive US$14 billion–US$15 billion of ODA.

History

In the late 1970s, Vietnam relied on the assistance of West German, Italian, and Canadian companies for offshore oil exploration. This ended in 1981, but resumed subsequently with Soviet technical assistance. Aid from China, reportedly close to US$300 million in 1977 and 1978, dropped to zero in 1979, and Vietnamese recovery in coal production was profoundly affected by the accompanying loss of ethnic Chinese workers. In 1979 Japan suspended its Official Development Assistance funds (a mixture of grants and low-interest loans amounting to US$135 million) and made renewal contingent upon Vietnamese withdrawal from Cambodia. Loss of other Western aid in hard currencies crippled Vietnam's ability to continue importing needed modern machinery and technology from its West European trading partners. Following Vietnam's occupation of Cambodia, only Sweden continued to provide any significant amount of economic help. Some multilateral assistance, such as that for development of the Mekong River, was made available by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, however. Western and multilateral assistance, therefore, did not stop entirely, although the yearly average of about US$100 million through 1986 provided only a fraction of the country's hard-currency needs. In 1986 Vietnam's current account deficit with major industrial countries was some US$221 million. The conflicts with Cambodia and China in 1978 and 1979 proved particularly costly in terms of continuing economic ties with Western and neighboring Asian countries. As a result, Hanoi was forced to rely even more heavily on Soviet-bloc assistance.

The Soviet Union and other members of Comecon increased their aid commitments as their own planning became more closely coordinated with Vietnam's following Hanoi's entry into Comecon in June 1978. Soviet economic aid in 1978, estimated at between US$0.7 and 1.0 billion, was already higher than Western assistance. By 1982 it had increased to more than US$1 billion annually, close to US$3 million per day, and it remained at this level through the mid-1980s. The Soviet Union and other Comecon countries provided aid in all categories—project assistance, technical training, price subsidies, loans, and trade credits. Soviet publications emphasized the importance of project assistance to Vietnam's economic recovery, but about 75 percent of the value of aid disbursed during the Third Five-Year Plan was used to finance Vietnam's bilateral trade deficit with the Soviet Union, which averaged about US$896 million a year. Trade subsidies in the form of reduced prices for Soviet oil also declined sharply in the early 1980s as the Soviet Union brought Vietnam into the Comecon oil-pricing system based on world market values.

Although the details of Comecon assistance to Vietnam since the 1970s had not been made public as of late 1987, Soviet sources gave some indications of the type of project assistance provided and were quick to claim credit for production increases attributable to Soviet technical and plant assistance. Soviet-aid goals from 1978 to 1981 included helping with balance-of-payments problems, assisting with key projects, introducing industrial cooperation, accelerating scientific and technical cooperation, and assisting with the improvement of Vietnamese professional skills. During this period, the Soviet Union also signed numerous agreements calling for financial and technical assistance in matters ranging from traffic-improvement programs for the railroad from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City to completing construction of the Thang Long Bridge over the Red River.

See also
 Vietnam and the World Bank
 Foreign relations of Vietnam

References

Vietnam
Foreign relations of Vietnam
Economy of Vietnam

Foreign aid to Vietnam


William Gordon Claxton DSO, DFC & Bar (June 1, 1899 – September 28, 1967) was a Canadian World War I flying ace credited with 37 victories. He became the leading ace in his squadron.

Background

Born on June 1, 1899, in Gladstone, Manitoba, Claxton enlisted with the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in Canada upon his eighteenth birthday in 1917.  After pilot's training at Camp Borden, he was assigned to No. 41 Squadron in France the following March flying S.E.5a aircraft. Claxton arrived on the Western Front late in the war but he  had a run of victories that saw him emerge from the war as his squadron's most successful airman. He claimed 37 air victories in 79 days during the War's final year. This meteoric career was marked by several multiple victory days. His calmness under fire earned him the nickname "Dozy". It also led him into situations where his planes experienced battle damage. In June 1918 alone, he crash-landed once and brought home shot planes twice.

Career as a fighter pilot

Claxton opened his tally of 'kills' on May 27, 1918, in the skies above East Estaires, downing a German Fokker Dr.I aircraft.  The following day he brought down two Pfalz D.III aircraft.

Between June 12 and June 30, Claxton successfully downed 17 German aircraft plus an observation balloon. Thirteen of these planes fell in a four-day stretch, from June 27 through June 30. On June 30, alone he brought down six enemy aircraft. On that incredible day, he flamed a Pfalz D.II, destroyed two Albatros D.Vs, and drove another Pfalz D.III down out of control — all before lunch. In the afternoon, he destroyed yet another Pfalz D.III and shot a DFW C model down in flames.
By the end of July, he had increased his total to 27. On August 3, 1918, Claxton was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and appointed flight commander. By that time, his victory list had grown to 30.

On August 17, 1918, Claxton was shot down by Leutnant Johannes Gildemeister during an encounter with Jasta 20 in which he and fellow pilot Frederick McCall were outnumbered 20-to-1; by this time he had amassed 37 air successes. In this dogfight, he brought down three enemy planes before being hit. Claxton crash-landed behind enemy lines with a serious head wound and was only saved by prompt attendance of a German doctor, who performed cranial surgery.

Claxton's final score was two observation balloons destroyed, 16 aircraft driven down out of control, and 19 aircraft destroyed. Two of the planes he destroyed were shared victories with 41 Squadron's second ranking ace, Frederick McCall.

Post war

He remained a prisoner of war until the armistice. Claxton was repatriated on December 1, 1918.  Returning to his homeland Claxton, who had received a Bar to his DFC and the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) took up a career as a financial journalist.

He died in Toronto on September 28, 1967, aged 68. He was cremated.

Text of citations

Distinguished Flying Cross
"Lt. William Gordon Claxton.
This officer at all times shows fine courage and disregard of danger. He has accounted for six enemy aeroplanes and one kite balloon, three of the aeroplanes being destroyed and three driven down out of control. On a recent occasion, having destroyed a hostile balloon, he pursued an enemy scout ten miles and eventually drove it down; he was then attacked by five enemy triplanes and other scouts, but managed to return to our lines, though his machine was riddled with bullets."

Distinguished Flying Cross - Bar
"Lieut. William Gordon Claxton, D.F.C.
This officer is conspicuous for his courage in attack. Recently in one day he destroyed six enemy aeroplanes—four in the morning and two in the evening. In thirteen days he accounted for fourteen machines. His utter disregard of danger inspires all who serve with him."

Distinguished Service Order
"Lieut. William Gordon Claxton, D.F.C.
Between 4 July and 12 August this officer destroyed ten enemy aeroplanes and one kite balloon, making in all thirty machines and one "kite balloon to his credit. Untiring in attack in the air or on the ground, this officer has rendered brilliant service."

Inline citations

References

 SE 5/5a Aces of World War I Norman Franks. Osprey Publishing, 2007. , 9781846031809.
 British and Empire Aces of World War I Christopher Shores, Mark Rolfe. Osprey Publishing, 2001. , .

1899 births
1967 deaths
Canadian World War I flying aces
Canadian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
World War I prisoners of war held by Germany
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Canadian prisoners of war in World War I
Royal Flying Corps officers
People from Central Plains Region, Manitoba

William Gordon Claxton


In finance, equity is an ownership of property that may be affected by debts or future events tied to the property, which are called liabilities. It is measured by subtracting liabilities from the value of the assets owned.  For example, if someone owns a car worth $24,000 and owes $10,000 on the loan used to buy the car, the difference of $14,000 is equity. Equity can apply to a single asset, such as a car or house, or to an entire business. A business that needs to start up or expand  can sell its equity in order to raise cash.  People who buy a house with a mortgage have equity if the value of the house is worth more than the mortgage.  If the mortage is more than the property is worth they are said to have negative equity.

References

Business
Property
Accounting

Equity (finance)


Moshe Idel (; born January 19, 1947) is a Romanian-born Israeli historian and philosopher of Jewish mysticism. He is Emeritus Max Cooper Professor in Jewish Thought at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and a Senior Researcher at the Shalom Hartman Institute.

Life and scholarship

Born in Târgu Neamț, Romania, on 19 January 1947. Idel was a precocious child, with a passion for reading which made him read all the books in the town, cooperative, then High school Library, in addition to buying more books with the money earned by singing at weddings.
Although the Holocaust did not directly affect the Jewish population of Târgu Neamț, they were affected by the so-called "population displacements". In 1963 he immigrated with his family to Israel, settling in Haifa.

Enrolled at the Hebrew University, he studied under Shlomo Pines. After earning his doctorate with a thesis on Abraham Abulafia, he eventually succeeded Scholem to the chair of Jewish Thought.  He has served as visiting Professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, UCLA, Yale, Harvard, Princeton, University of Pennsylvania and the Collège de France.

Idel has undertaken a systematic revision of the history and analysis of Jewish mysticism. His explorations of the mythical, theurgical, mystical, and messianic dimensions of Judaism have been attentive to history, sociology, and anthropology, while rejecting a naïve historicist approach to Judaism.
His 1988 work, Kabbalah: New Perspectives (Yale University Press), is said to have revolutionised Kabbalah studies. His historical and phenomenological studies of rabbinic, philosophic, kabbalistic, and Hasidic texts have transformed the understanding of Jewish intellectual history and highlighted the close relationship between magic, mysticism, and liturgy. He is also a three-time fellow at the University of Pennsylvania's Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies.

Awards
In 1999, Idel was awarded the Israel Prize for excellent achievement in the field of Jewish philosophy, and in 2002 the EMET Prize for Jewish Thought. In 2003, he received the Koret Award for Jewish philosophy for his book Absorbing Perfections. He has been conferred honorary doctorates by the universities of Yale, Budapest, Haifa, Cluj, Iasi and Bucharest. In 1993, he received the Bialik Prize for Jewish thought.

Book awards

 1989: National Jewish Book Award in Scholarship for Kabbalah: New Perspectives
 2007: National Jewish Book Award in Scholarship for Ben: sonship and Jewish mysticism

Works
The following is a list of Idel's publications in English.
 Kabbalah: New Perspectives (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1988).
 The Mystical Experience in Abraham Abulafia (tr. from the Hebrew by Jonathan Chipman. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1988).
 Studies in Ecstatic Kabbalah [Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press, 1988]
 Language, Torah and Hermeneutics in Abraham Abulafia (tr. Menahem Kallus. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1989).
 Golem: Jewish magical and mystical traditions on the artificial anthropoid (Albany, State University of New York Press, 1990).
 Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic (SUNY Press, Albany, 1994).
 Mystical Union and Monotheistic Faith, An Ecumenical Dialogue, eds. M. Idel, B. McGinn (New York, Macmillan, 1989; 2nd edn, Continuum, 1996).
 Messianic Mystics (Yale University Press, New Haven, London, 1998).
 Jewish Mystical Leaders and Leadership, eds. M. Idel, M. Ostow (Jason Aronson, Northvale, 1998).
 Abraham Abulafia, An Ecstatic Kabbalist, Two Studies (ed. Moshe Lazar, Labyrinthos, CA, 2002).
 Absorbing Perfections, Kabbalah and Interpretation (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2002).
 Ascensions on High in Jewish Mysticism: Pillars, Lines, Ladders (CEU, Budapest, 2005).
 Enchanted Chains: Techniques and Rituals in Jewish Mysticism (The Cherub Press, Los Angeles, 2005).
 Kabbalah and Eros (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2005).
 Ben: Sonship and Jewish Mysticism (Continuum, London, New York, 2007)
 Old Worlds, New Mirrors, On Jewish Mysticism and Twentieth-Century Thought (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2009).
 Kabbalah in Italy 1280-1510 (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2011).
 Saturn's Jews, On the Witches' Sabbat and Sabbateanism (Continuum, London, New York, 2011).
 Mircea Eliade: From Myth to Magic (Peter Lang, New York, 2014).
 Representing God, eds. H. Samuelson-Tirosh, A. Hughes (Leiden, Brill, 2014).
 Vocal Rites and Broken Theologies: Cleaving to Vocables in R. Israel Ba'al Shem Tov's Mysticism (Crossroad, New York, 2020).

Students

 Prof. Jonathan Garb, Hebrew University

 Prof. Boaz Huss, Ben-Gurion University

 Prof. Haviva Pedaya, Ben-Gurion University

See also
 Rachel Elior
 Elliot R. Wolfson
 Yehuda Liebes
 Gershom Scholem
 Shlomo Pines

References

External links
 Faculty page at Hebrew University
 Faculty page at Shalom Hartman Institute

1947 births
Living people
Israeli historians
20th-century Romanian historians
21st-century Romanian historians
Jewish historians
Jewish philosophers
Religious studies scholars
Judaic scholars
Jewish mysticism
Kabbalah
Romanian philosophers
Romanian historians of philosophy
Philosophers of Judaism
Philosophers of religion
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Israel Prize in Jewish thought recipients
Israel Prize in Jewish studies recipients who were historians
Israel Prize in Jewish studies recipients who were philosophers
EMET Prize recipients in the Humanities
People from Târgu Neamț
Romanian Jews
Moldavian Jews
Romanian emigrants to Israel
Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Israeli Jews
Mysticism scholars

Moshe Idel


Puerto Varas, also known as "La ciudad de las rosas" or "the city of roses", is a city and commune located in the southern Chilean province of Llanquihue, in the Los Lagos Region.

The city is famous for its German traditions, its natural environment, and its popularity as a tourist destination. It enjoys a scenic location close to mountains, lakes, forests and national parks. It is located  from the city of Puerto Montt on the shore of Llanquihue Lake, the second largest lake in Chile.  The conical Osorno Volcano and the snowcapped peaks of Mt. Calbuco and Mt. Tronador are clearly visible from the lakefront. Puerto Varas is the southernmost of a string of towns on the western shore of Llanquihue Lake that includes Frutillar, Llanquihue and Puerto Octay. It spans an area of .

History
The original of the city of Puerto Varas date to 1853 and is named after Antonio Varas, the Minister of the Interior at the time. It was founded by German immigrants who settled the shores of Lake Llanquihue as part of a government colonization project during the presidency of Manuel Montt (1851-1861).

The area known as the "Llanquihue Lake Colonization Territory" was created by the government on 27 June 1853, and by the end of 1853, the first 212 German families had immigrated to what would be Puerto Varas.

The first area to be settled was known as La Fabrica, where the road from Puerto Montt and the coast reached Llanquihue Lake. Other landmarks in its early history include the opening of a Catholic church in 1872 and the founding of the Deutscher Verein ("German Club") in 1885. The town received official status in the form of a Título de Villa ("Town Certification") in 1897. The commune of Puerto Varas, as it exists today, was formed in December 1925, when the Ministry of the Interior divided the country into provinces, and communes.

Demographics
According to population projections from Chile's National Statistics Institute, in 2012 the commune of Puerto Varas had 41,255 inhabitants (21,093 men and 20,162 women). The population had increased by 25% since the 2002 census.

Architecture
Puerto Varas is characterized by traditional German architecture, with houses built from alerce wood using tools brought over from Europe by the 19th century colonial inhabitants. It was designated a Zona Típica (heritage zone) in 1992 and has a number of protected buildings, including the Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón de Jesus (Sacred Heart of Jesus Church). Built in 1918 on one of the highest points in Puerto Varas, the wooden church is one of the city's iconic landmarks. Other notable protected structures include Casa Kuschel (1915) and Casa Yunge (1932).

Culture
Cultural institutions in Puerto Varas include the Antonio Felmer Museum, the Molino Machmar Art Centre, the Nativo Bosque Gallery and the Pablo Fierro Museum. Nearby Frutillar hosts the annual Frutillar Musical Weeks in January and February.

Cuisine

Puerto Varas is known for traditional German dishes, especially Kuchen, which is celebrated on the annual Kuchen Day on the first Saturday of February. Craft beers, pastries, cakes, chocolate and marmalades can also be found in the town's shops, restaurants and cafes.

Tourism
Puerto Varas is a popular tourist destination with its distinctive German-inspired architecture, wide variety of hotels and inns, a casino, a beach and striking views over the lake to the Osorno and Calbuco volcanoes.

Visitors can take part in a range of outdoor sports including kayaking, fishing and trekking, and there is a winter ski centre on the slopes of Osorno Volcano. It is a good base for excursions to nearby natural landmarks including the emerald Todos los Santos Lake, the picturesque Petrohué Falls (Spanish: Saltos de Petrohué), Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park and Puyehue National Park as well as Osorno Volcano. Trips are also possible to other towns around Llanquihue Lake including Frutillar, Puerto Octay and Llanquihue.

Puerto Varas is the starting point for bus-and-boat crossings of the Andes, through spectacular forested mountains reflected in shimmering lakes, to San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. The trip is best made west to east with an overnight at a hotel in the midst of the wilderness.

Education
International schools
Instituto Aleman Puerto Varas

Transportation

Conveniently nearby, El Tepual International Airport for Puerto Montt is served by many daily non-stop flights from Santiago, as well as numerous flights from other cities. More than 1,100,000 passengers a year use the airport.

Administration
As a commune, Puerto Varas is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012–2016 alcalde is Álvaro Berger Schmidt (PS).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Puerto Varas is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Fidel Espinoza (PS) and Felipe DeMussy Hiriart (UDI). It is part of the 56th electoral district, together with Puyehue, Río Negro, Purranque, Puerto Octay, Fresia, Frutillar, Llanquihue and Los Muermos. The commune is represented in the Senate by Rabindranath Quinteros (PS) and Iván Moreira (UDI) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).

Geography

Climate
Puerto Varas has an oceanic climate (Cfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of . Summers are mild and winters are rainy and somewhat chilly.

Photo gallery

References

External links

  Municipality of Puerto Varas
  Lago Llanquihue weather forecasts
  Puerto Varas – Virtual Reality Panorama in 360ª
 how to get to Puerto Varas from El Tepual Airport

Llanquihue Province
Communes of Chile
Populated lakeshore places in Chile
Populated places established in 1853
Populated places in Llanquihue Province
1853 establishments in Chile
Los Lagos Region

Puerto Varas


Jorge Manuel López (5 June 1918 – 22 December 2006) was a bishop. He was born in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, where he was ordained priest in 1942. He was appointed auxiliary bishop in the city's diocese on 20 May 1968. He then led the Archdiocese of Corrientes, starting on 5 April 1972, and was appointed Archbishop of Rosario on 19 January 1983, where he served for ten years. He retired from this post upon reaching the age of 75, on 20 November 1993.

López was the vice-president of the Argentine Episcopal Conference and served in several episcopal commissions, even after his retirement. He presided the Episcopal Council for the Causes of Saints until November 2005. He died in 2006 at the age of 88, in the residence of the Sisters Servants of Jesus in Rosario.

References

  La Capital, 22 December 2006. Falleció monseñor López, arzobispo emérito de Rosario.

20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Argentina
1918 births
2006 deaths
People from Rosario, Santa Fe
Roman Catholic archbishops of Corrientes
Roman Catholic archbishops of Rosario
Roman Catholic bishops of Rosario

Jorge Manuel López


Ingomar Mound is the large central mound and sole remaining feature of a ceremonial center of the late Mississippian Period of cultural development. A total of 13 mounds composing the group have been excavated. Believed to be a temple mound, Ingomar is the only structure of the group not overrun by later agriculture and development, thus generally undisturbed when archeologists began studying the complex of mounds. At least one of the mounds in the group was a flat-topped burial mound. Ingomar is one of the largest such mounds found in the Southeast. Ingomar is important because of its potential for the testing of theories about aboriginal settlement pattern hypotheses, such as the Clay's system environments theory and Steponaitis' spatial efficiency theory

References

Middle Mississippian culture
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Union County, Mississippi
Mounds in Mississippi

Ingomar Mound


"Let's keep the Goan tradition and culture alive, worldwide"

Chicú Eôi, Eôi, Eôi

Oh my pigling! eoi! eoi! eoi!

Type: Dulpod

Source: J.A.A. Fernandes, vulgo: André Xett (1884-1980). Album Cantarancho. Song No. 112. Bogtavaddo, Chorão

Musical form: Binary

Literary form: Narrative

Translated by António Vicente de Noronha (1895-1982), Pandavaddo, Chorão, July 1981

Chicú eôi, eôi, eôi,

Oh my pigling! eôi! eôi! eôi!

Chicuc mojea vaganum vôilo guê,

My pigling has been taken away by the tiger.

Chicú eôi, eôi, eôi,

Oh my pigling! eôi! eôi! eôi!

Chicuc mojea vaganum vôilo guê.

My pigling has been taken away by the tiger.

Anim nuim barancho nuim terancho,

It was not of twelve, not of thirteen kilos,

Solôg mojo pondra solancho.

But of fifteen or sixteen kilos.

Anim nuim barkilo nuim mottelo,

It was not lean, it was not just a little fat,

Ducôr mojo chorbeno borlolo.

My pig was full of fat.

Anim nuim conancho nuim bagacho,

It did not belong to anyone alone, nor to anyone jointly,

Ducôr mojo xiunemcheam dudduancho.

It was my own pigling bought with money earned from sewing.

Anim chimtêchê axên,

On account of money needed for snuff,

Xamain[6] mojê ducôr pôslolo.

My grandmother was rearing this pigling.

Polleiat

Dulpod Goenche

Sondorbh

Konknni
Dulpod
Romi panam

Chicú Eôi, Eôi, Eôi - Dulpod


Si Amado Sevilla Bagatsing ay isang politiko sa Pilipinas na  pinanganak noong 3 Disyembre 1947 sa  Sampaloc, Maynila. . Napangasawa niya si Rosario  LaO' Bagatsing at mayroon siyang apat na anak. Siya ay nagtapos ng batsilyer sa kursong Business Administration. Bilang miyembro ng kongresista ng 5th Distrito ng Maynila, siya naging kongresista mula  1987-1998,  2007-2016. Si Amado Bagatsing ay anak ng yumaong Mayor ng Maynila na si Ramon Bagatsing at kapatid ng dating kongresista ng 4th District na si Atty. Dondon Bagatsing.

Isa sa mga legasiya niya ay ang pagbuo ng NGO na  "Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran" o mas kilalang tawagin na (KABAKA).  Sa mahigit kumulang 30-dekada na pagtulong sa Maynila sa aspeto ng medikal, libreng gamot, at pagbigay ng mga bokasyonal na kursong maglalayon magbigay ng trabaho ay may humigit kumulang 150,000 na ang miyembro ng KABAKA sa buong lungsod ng Maynila. Ang KABAKA ay libreng serbisyong medikal at may mga pasilidad gaya ng 2D echo, X-Ray, at ulrasound machines. Lahat ito ay libre at maaring kumunsulta lahat ng miyembro sa kanilang klinik sa Pandacan, Maynila. HIndi lang iyan, dahil mayroon ding programa para sa edukasyon ang KABAKA kung saan lahat ng kurso nito ay aprubado ng TESDA sa ilalim ng KABAKA "Manpower Training and Assessment Center Inc.".

Ngayong paparating na eleksyon 2019, ang Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) ni Mayor Joseph Ejercito Estrada at KABAKA ni Amado Bagatsing ay nagkaroon ng kowalisyon. Ang tambalang Mayor Erap at bilang Vice Mayor na si Amado Bagatsing. Ang dalawang magkaalyado ngayong eleksyon ay binuo ang Team Legacy na may katagang "SULONG MAYNILA! MAKIBAKA NA!".

Bilang kongresista ng 5th District ng Maynila ay naging chairman at komite siya ng iba't-ibang ahensya ng gobyerno na nagpatunay ng kahusayan niya bilang isang lingkod bayan. Ang mga ito ay ang mga sumusunod:

As Chairman of the Committee on Housing
Principal Author and Sponsor of the following laws;

RA 7742 – Making mandatory the Counterpart Contributions of all Employees to the Home Development Mutual Fund (PAGIBIG) giving life to a clinically dead government corporation whose membership rose from 500,000 to 15 million.

RA 7279 – Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA Law)

RA 7835 – Comprehensive Integrated Shelter Financial Act (CISF A Law)

Hosted the "Bahay at Buha" television program fo ten (10) consecutive years on Channel 13 which served as a forum for discussing issues on shelter among NGO's, housing agencies, and the marginalized sector to the urban poor.

As Vice-Chairman of HUDC

I. Conceptualized the first beneficiary-led relocation for more than 60,000 informal settlers along north and south railways (from Pampanga to Calamba) giving them the option to choose their own site in Bignay,       Bulacan.

II. As Chairman of Anti-squatting Syndicates Task Force, was responsible for the arrest of WILFREDO SUMULONG TORRES and other squatting syndicates operating in Metro Manila and other areas in the country victimizing the urban poor.

III. Implemented the housing project for the soldiers on a prime lot  (Bonifacio Heights located at Global City near Forbes Park and Dasmarinas Village in Makati) approximately 2,000 units for the soldiers.

IV. The first ever legislator to enact and execute laws he passed on Housing earning him the title "AMA NG PABAHAY".

As Chairman  of the Committee on Games

I. Supported the first-ever Entertainment City.

II. Initiated the investigation of gambling syndicate operating in PAGCOR Operated Casinos.

III. Conceptualized and recommended the smooth transition of Casino operation of PAGCOR Operated Casinos to private Casinos.

Other Committees held in Congress

Chairman  of the following:

Committee on Housing  (8th Congress)

Committee on Accounts (8th Congress)

Committee on Civil Service and Profession Regulation ( 10th Congress)

Committee on Games and Amusements (14th and 15th Congress)

Oversight Committee on Clean Water Act (16th Congress)

Committee on Ecology (16th Congress)

Vice-Chairman of:

Housing & Urban Development Coordinating Council

October 15,2002 – March 28, 2007

Alternate Chairman:

National Task Force Against Professional Squatters and Squatting Syndicate

2002-2007

Associations, Organizations, and Clubs

I. Chamber of Real Estate & Builders Association (CREBA)

- 3-term President

II. Philippine National Red Cross

- Chairman, Manila Chapter

III. Domus Mariae Foundation

- Treasurer

IV. Manila Polo Club

- Member

V. Gawad Kalinga

- Member

Political Party Affiliation

KABAKA PARTY

Awards and Distinctions

I. Awards and Distinctions – when he served for three consecutive terms as representative of 5th District of Manila (1987-1998 & 2007-2016)

II. "Most Outstanding and Congressman for 2015" -Publishers Assn. of the Philippines Inc. (PAPI)

III. "Propter Humanitatem Award" -November 27,2014 (St. Jude College)

IV. "Outstanding Congressman of the Year" -1996

V. "Grandslam Award"- for attaining decent and dignified way of living of Manilans through ideal and basic community service approach 1995.

VI. "Outstanding Congressman of the Year" -1994

VII. "Most Outstanding Congressman of the Year" -1993

VIII. "Distinguished Community Service Citation Award" -1993

IX. "Outstanding Solon and Civic Leader Award

X. "Media Award for Exemplary Leadership as a Congressman" -1989

XI. "Honor and Distinction Award"- for being one of the Most Outstanding Lawmakers of the Philippines – 1989

XII. "Mactan Award of Distinction" -1988

XIII. "Honor and Distinction Award"- as one of the Ten Outstanding Representatives of the Philippines -1988

XIV. "GawadKarangalan Award" -1988

XV. "People's Choice Award" – as one of the Ten Outstanding Representatives of the Philippines -1988

Significant Legislative  Measures Authored and  Sponsored

RA 7644 – Rent Control Law

RA 7742 – Making mandatory Counterpart Contributions of all Employees to the Home Development Mutual Fund (PAGIBIG)

RA 7835- (CISFA) Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter and Finance Act 2

RA 6846 –Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund

RA 7279 – Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA)

RA 6965 – Act revising the form of taxation on oil products from ad valorem to specific taxes

RA 7639 – Act further amending the uses of oil price stabilization fund to strengthen the financial viability of NAPOCOR

RA 8544- Merchant Marine Professional Act

RA 10587- Environmental Planning Act of 2013

Co-Authored:

RA 9994 - Expanded Senior Citizens Act

Mga politiko ng Pilipinas

Amado Bagatsing


Eldorado is a city in the center-northeast of the province of Misiones, Argentina. It has 54,189 inhabitants as per the , making it the third most populated city in the province, and is the head town of the Eldorado Department. It is located on the left-hand (eastern) banks of the Upper Paraná River, on National Route 12, about 100 km from the Iguazú Falls and 206 km from the provincial capital Posadas, on the Argentina-Paraguay border.

Eldorado was founded on 29 September 1919 as a rural settlement and a port on the Paraná by German-born Adolfo Julius Schwelm, naturalised British subject, who named it as a reference to the legend of El Dorado. The town was the center of the European immigrant colonization of the area (which included groups of people from Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Denmark, England, and others).

The region's economy is based on agriculture, producing tung, oranges, grapefruit and yerba mate. Tourism also plays a part, with main activities being sailing, sports fishing (golden dorado), and sports hunting (tapir, deer, wild boars). Eldorado has an airport.

Towns and villages
9 de Julio (Misiones)

References

 Municipality of Eldorado — Official website.

 Eldorado at WelcomeArgentina.

Populated places in Misiones Province
Populated places established in 1919
Cities in Argentina

Eldorado, Misiones


"Happy Birthday, Mr. President" is a song sung by actress and singer Marilyn Monroe on May 19, 1962, for President John F. Kennedy at a celebration of his 45th birthday, 10 days before the actual date (May 29).

Monroe sang the traditional "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics with an intimate voice, with "Mr. President" instead of Kennedy's name.

The performance was one of her last major public appearances before her death less than three months later on August 4, 1962.

First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, who did not go to many Democratic Party events, spent the day at the Loudon Hunt Horse Show with her children, John and Caroline.

Monroe was accompanied by jazz pianist Hank Jones.

References

1962 in the United States
John F. Kennedy

Happy Birthday, Mr. President


Theodore Frank Thomas Plucknett (2 January 1897 – 14 February 1965) was a British legal historian who was the first chair of legal history at the London School of Economics.

Plucknett was born on 2 January 1897 in Bristol. Plucknett completed his early education at Alderman Newton's School in Leicester and then Bacup and Rawstenstall school in Newchurch, Lancashire. He completed his degree in history at London University and graduated with second class honours. He later completed his master's degree at University College London before his twenty-first birthday. He was also awarded the Alexander prize of the Royal Historical Society. For his masters Plucknett's speciality was the fifteenth-century council; he would later go on to write his PhD thesis on Statutes and their Interpretation in the First Half of the Fourteenth Century. He received his PhD from Emmanuel College, Cambridge and studied under the tutorship of H. D. Hazeltine.

With Plucknett's PhD came an LLB degree, which helped him get into Harvard Law School. Whilst studying at Harvard he took no courses, and instead only studied. He arrived at the school as a student in 1920 and by 1923 was an instructor. By 1926 he had graduated to an assistant professor; a position he held until 1931.

Plucknett then left Harvard for the London School of Economics after he received a recommendation from Harold Laski, who had been impressed by Plucknett's recent publication, Concise History of the Common Law. The book had been dictated and edited in a matter of weeks. When Plucknett arrived at the London School of Economics, he became the first ever holder of the school's chair of legal history. He was to remain in that position until his retirement in 1963. He succeeded William Holdsworth as Literary Director of the Selden Society and was followed by S. F. C. Milsom.

Though Plucknett remained at the London School of Economics, he also held the presidency of the Royal Historical Society from 1948 to 1952, and the presidency of the Society of Public Teachers of Law from 1953 to 1954. In 1950 Plucknett was awarded a fellowship at University College London and in 1950 he was made an honorary fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He also received honorary degrees from both the University of Glasgow, Birmingham University and Cambridge.

In later life colleagues would describe Plucknett as 'distant'. He maintained the history of law had nothing to do with its practical application and was quoted as saying that "It is still too often said that English law can only be understood historically. Now English law may be bad, but is it really as bad as that?"

Plucknett officially retired from teaching in 1963 due to poor health and died at his home in Crescent Road, Wimbledon, London SW19 on 14 February 1965.

Bibliography
 (2nd ed., 1936; 3rd ed., 1940; 4th ed., 1948).
Plucknett, Theodore, Statutes and their Interpretation in the 14th Century, 1922
Plucknett, Theodore, Yearbook of Richard II, 1929
Plucknett, Theodore, Legislation of Edward I, 1949 (being the Ford lectures at Oxford 1947)
Plucknett, Theodore, Early English Legal Literature, 1958
Plucknett, Theodore, Edward I and Criminal Law, 1960

References

1897 births
1965 deaths
Academics of the London School of Economics
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of University College London
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard Law School faculty
Legal historians
People educated at Alderman Newton's School, Leicester
Academics from Bristol
Presidents of the Royal Historical Society
20th-century British historians

Theodore Plucknett


Scott Steven Neilson (born 15 May 1987) is an English-born Welsh former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Neilson started his career alongside his brother, at first Hertford Town and then Ware, before he earned a move to Cambridge City. He made his name in non-league as a goal-scoring winger and he came to the attention of a number of league clubs. He had trials with three of them and eventually won a move to League Two side Bradford City. He scored a goal on his full debut but Bradford soon changed manager and Neilson dropped back into non-league, first out on loan to Cambridge United and then signed by Crawley Town, having spent less than 12 months with Bradford. Neilson spent a short but successful loan spell with Grimsby Town in 2012, and then joined Luton on a short-term contract in January 2013 before his release a few months later. He returned to Grimsby permanently before joining Whitehawk.

Early life
Neilson was born on 15 May 1987 in Enfield, London, to David and Amanda Neilson, the latter who was born in Swansea. He has an older brother, Tony. His maternal grandfather is Cliff Jones, the former Tottenham Hotspur and Welsh international footballer, whose father Ivor and brother Bryn were also professional footballers and Welsh internationals. Neilson has also worked as a plumber.

Career

Non-league
Neilson was a member of Norwich City's youth teams at the age of 11, went on to Charlton Athletic and also won schoolboy honours for Wales. His senior career started at his brother Tony's club Hertford Town of the Isthmian League in 2005. He was top goalscorer for the reserves when he made his debut on 25 October in an Isthmian League Associate Members Trophy game against Clapton, before going on to play 15 games in his first season and scoring one goal. In his second season, he played 24 games upping his goal tally by another nine, before he earned a move in December 2006 to Ware – a second club where his brother also played. In one game in January 2008, Neilson came off the bench to score four goals for Ware against Tilbury in a 5–2 victory. The goals went towards Neilson's total of 23 from 40 games for Ware in the Isthmian League First Division North, helping Ware towards the end-of-season play-offs. However, he left Ware before the end of the season to join Cambridge City in March 2008 for the rest of the club's Conference South campaign.

Neilson's debut at Cambridge City came three days later in a 3–1 defeat to Lewes, when he came off the bench in the second half. He played seven games, starting all but his debut performance, with six games coming in the league. He scored three goals in his seven matches. He also scored in the Cambridge Invitational Cup final as Cambridge recorded a 3–0 victory against Histon reserves to lift the cup for a record 12th time. Despite an enforced relegation, Neilson stayed at Cambridge for the following season and signed a new contract in first April and then October 2008. He played a total of 49 games in his first full season with the Lilywhites, 40 of which were in the league, scoring a total of 11 league goals and two cup goals. He also helped Cambridge defend their Cambridge Invitational Cup crown with a 1–0 defeat of CRC.

Neilson signed a new one-year contract with Cambridge City in July 2009. However, his form also attracted a number of league clubs and, at the start of the 2009–10 season he had trials with sides Norwich City, Derby County and Bradford City and was offered a trial with Hartlepool United. Neilson scored twice in a reserve game for Bradford as part of his trial, prompting a bid to buy the winger. Bradford's first bid was turned down but they had an improved bid accepted later the same week. The fee remained undisclosed but included a 25 per cent sell-on fee entitling Cambridge City to a share of any fee Bradford received for selling Neilson on to another club – a year later, another manager Martin Ling revealed the initial fee that Cambridge received to be £20,000. Neilson had played a further two league games for Cambridge before his departure.

Bradford City
Neilson signed a three-year deal with League Two side Bradford City in August 2009, and was given a place on the substitutes' bench for the club's next game with Torquay United, which Bradford won 2–0 with Neilson coming on for Joe Colbeck. Colbeck was sold three days later and so Neilson made his full debut in a Football League Trophy game with Rochdale. Neilson capped his debut with the winning goal in a 2–1 victory to send City through to the second round for the first time in four years. At the end of his full first full month with the club, Neilson scored his first league goal in professional football during a 3–0 win against Chesterfield, which helped to extend Bradford's unbeaten run to seven games. The club's form did not last and following a run of poor results, manager Stuart McCall left in February 2010 to be replaced by Peter Taylor. Neilson played in Taylor's first game in charge as City lost 2–0 to Accrington Stanley.

However, Taylor criticised Neilson for his lack of fitness, and as a result the winger did not feature in any of the following three games and was instead loaned out to Cambridge United initially on a month-long loan to act as cover for Antonio Murray and Robbie Willmott, who were suspended and injured respectively. He capped his debut for Cambridge United on 6 March 2010 against Barrow by scoring the only goal of the game to give his new side a 1–0 victory. After scoring another two goals, Cambridge extended Neilson's loan with manager Martin Ling saying he would "assess the situation in the summer". He played in all 14 of Cambridge's games during his loan spell and scored three goals helping them finish in the top-half of the table before he returned to Bradford at the end of the Conference Premier season.

Neilson returned to the first-team squad at City ahead of their 2010–11 season and received praise from his manager, who said: "He's obviously got very good talent, he can get goals and I think he'll do well. It's down to him really." Neilson played in City's first game of the League Two campaign – only his second under Taylor – but City lost 3–1 to Shrewsbury Town with Neilson replaced by debutant Louis Moult in the second-half. Neilson was substituted at half-time in the club's next game and then dropped for the next league match, before he was sold to Conference side Crawley Town for officially an undisclosed five-figure sum, although it was reported to be anywhere from £15,000 to £50,000. Neilson had played 30 games for Bradford in all competitions.

Crawley Town
Neilson said he was "delighted to have joined such an ambitious club" and his new manager Steve Evans revealed the club had been interested in him for some time and Crawley had made several previous bids for the winger, which were all rejected. Neilson made his debut the following day against Cambridge United, the club where he had spent the latter part of the previous season on loan. The game finished 2–2, but Neilson's mistake allowed Cambridge to begin their fightback from an early two-goal deficit. Crawley soon went on a good run of form to go top of the table – Neilson's first goal for the club came in a 2–0 win at home to Kidderminster Harriers at the start of October to extend that lead over AFC Wimbledon to three points. He followed it up by scoring four goals in the next seven games, including one in the FA Cup on his return to West Yorkshire in a 5–0 win against Guiseley. In February, Neilson broke a toe in his left foot. Neilson missed three months of the season, including an FA Cup game against Manchester United at Old Trafford, but returned for the final five games of Crawley's promotion campaign. He finished with 27 league appearances and scored five goals.

On 19 September 2012 he joined Grimsby Town on a three-month loan deal. Towards the end of his stay at Blundell Park, Grimsby manager Paul Hurst admitted his desire to sign Neilson on a permanent deal following an impressive loan spell. Following his final game for the club, a 1–0 victory over promotion rivals Wrexham which put Grimsby on top of the table, Hurst admitted that it was unlikely that Neilson would be returning to Grimsby despite making him a good offer. Neilson departed Grimsby on 21 December 2012 having played ten league games, scoring a single goal.

Luton Town
Neilson signed for Luton Town on a contract until the end of the season following the end of his loan at Grimsby on 24 December 2012, though he officially joined the club on 1 January 2013 when the transfer window opened. The move also confirmed that Neilson would transfer to a more local side after rejecting a move to Grimsby having not desired relocating himself to the north of England. Neilson's contract was not extended and he was released by Luton at the end of the 2012–13 season after playing in 8 games and scoring once.

Grimsby Town
Following his release from Luton, Neilson spoke about his desire to return to Grimsby Town. On 13 May 2013, Neilson signed a one year deal with The Mariners.

On 9 February 2015, Neilson had his contract terminated with Grimsby Town by mutual consent.

Non League
On 14 February 2015, Neilson signed for Conference South side Whitehawk on a free transfer. Neilson went on to play for Hemel Hempstead Town and Royston Town during the 2016–17 season.

Playing style
Neilson is a midfielder, who likes to play on the right wing, but has also been used in a more central role. Despite playing in midfield, Neilson has been known for scoring goals. One of his former teammates Lee Bullock said he was "a winger who looks like he's got some decent skills" while Paul Carden, his assistant manager at Cambridge United, said: "You can see he's an intelligent player and very quick ... he catches the eye because he can go past people and is good with the ball at his feet." Neilson, however, was also told to improve his crossing ability and criticised for his lack of fitness by former manager Peter Taylor.

Personal life
He comes from a footballing family being the grandson of Cliff Jones and great-grandson of Ivor Jones, both former Welsh internationals.

In October 2021, Neilson was arrested in the United Kingdom for fraud and money-laundering offences. It is alleged that Neilson defrauded investors out of $6million. Neilson is currently awaiting extradition to the United States of America where he is to face prosecution.

Career statistics

A.  In the 2005–06 season, Neilson played four games and scored one goal in the Isthmian League Associate Members Cup for Hertford Town.
B.  In the 2006–07 season, Neilson played one game in each of Spartans South Midland Challenge Trophy, Spartans South Midland Premier Division Cup, FA Vase and Hertfordshire Charity Cup, played two games and scored one goal in the Hertfordshire Senior Cup, played one game and scored one goal in the South Midland League Cup and played one game and scored three goals in the East Anglian Cup all for Hertford Town.
C.  In the 2007–08 season, Neilson played one game and scored one goal in the Cambridge Invitational Cup for Cambridge City.
D.  In the 2008–09 season, Neilson played four games in the FA Trophy and played two games and scored one goal in the Cambridge Invitational Cup for Cambridge City.
E.  In the 2009–10 season, Neilson played four games and scored one goal in the Football League Trophy for Bradford City.

Honours
Cambridge City
Cambridge Invitational Cup: 2008, 2009

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Enfield, London
English men's footballers
Welsh men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Ware F.C. players
Hertford Town F.C. players
Cambridge City F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Whitehawk F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players

Scott Neilson


Tranquillity (also spelled tranquility) is the quality or state of being tranquil; that is, calm, serene, and worry-free. The word tranquillity appears in numerous texts ranging from the religious writings of Buddhism—where the term  refers to tranquillity of the body, thoughts, and consciousness on the path to enlightenment—to an assortment of policy and planning guidance documents, where interpretation of the word is typically linked to engagement with the natural environment. It is also famously used in the Preamble to the United States Constitution, which describes one of the purposes for which the document was establishing the government as to "insure domestic Tranquility".

History
The word tranquility dates to the 12th century in the Old French word , meaning "peace" or "happiness". The word's sense evolved in the late 14th century, but it maintains its reference to the absence of disturbance and peacefulness.

Benefits
Being in a tranquil or "restorative" environment allows people to take respite from the periods of sustained "directed attention" that characterise modern living. In developing their Attention Restoration Theory (ART), Kaplan and Kaplan proposed that people could most effectively recover from cognitive overload by engaging with natural restorative environments, those that are away from daily distractions and that have the extent and mystery that allows the imagination to wander, thereby enabling people to engage effortlessly with their surroundings. According to the theory, the amount of reflection possible within such an environment depends upon the type of cognitive engagement (fascination) that the environment . "Soft fascination" is deemed to occur when there is enough interest in the surroundings to hold attention but not so much that it compromises the ability to reflect. It provides a pleasing level of sensory input that involves no cognitive effort other than removing oneself from an overcrowded mental space.

Enjoyment
For many, the chance to experience tranquillity is an advantage of the countryside over cities. In a survey by the United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 58% of people said that tranquillity was the most positive feature of the countryside.

Health
In contrast to "soft fascination", "directed attention" requires a significant amount of cognitive effort. Prolonged periods of sustained mental activity can lead to directed attention fatigue. This can affect performance and bring about negative emotions, irritability, and decreased sensitivity to interpersonal cues. As the incidence of mental illness continues to rise, there is growing evidence that exposure to natural environments can contribute to health and wellbeing. Exposure to nature contributes to physical and psychological wellbeing. One  found evidence of "nature-deficit-disorder" in children, which suggests that the importance of being able to engage with restorative environments applies across a wide age range.
Natural tranquil surroundings affect the psychology of people suffering from stress. For example, one study found that stress (as measured by blood pressure, muscle tension, and skin conductance response), induced by showing videos of workplace injuries, improved significantly more quickly if further videos viewed included natural surroundings rather than busy traffic or shopping scenes. Another study demonstrated the benefits of simulating such environments for pain relief during bone marrow aspirate and biopsy.

Economic
The presence of tranquil areas helps boost rural tourism. Rural tourism in the U.K. supports 380,000 jobs and contributes  annually to the rural economy, and one survey showed that tranquillity is the main reason why 49% of visitors are attracted to the countryside.

Tranquillity research
Natural settings that effortlessly engage our attention are associated with soft fascination and with the analysis of tranquillity discussed above. One study attempted to distinguish empirically between the constructs of tranquillity and preference as affective qualities of natural environments. Motivated by ART, from which they took tranquillity as a reasonable term to describe soft fascination, they produced definitions for each component. Tranquillity they defined as "how much you think this setting is a quiet, peaceful place, a good place to get away from everyday life", and preference as "how much you like this setting for whatever reason". Subjects were asked to score the following visual settings: mountains, deserts, fields / forests, and waterscapes against those two target variables (tranquillity and preference) and four descriptor variables: mistiness, unstructured openness, focus, and surface calmness. Tranquillity and preference were positively correlated across all settings with tranquillity scoring higher ratings in the field / forest, waterscape, and mountain categories, whilst rushing water had the highest rating in the preference category.

Analysis of the results identified three physical features that help explain the apparent split between tranquillity and preference: mistiness, unstructured openness (how open the scene is and how difficult it is to establish a sense of depth or distance), and surface calmness. Mistiness and unstructured openness tended to depress preference relative to tranquillity whilst surface calmness tended to enhance it. A follow-up study included deserts and waterscapes in the setting types.

Another study investigated the relationship between tranquillity and danger in urban and rural settings. The key results were 1) that "setting care", which relates to how safe we feel in a particular setting, is more salient for judgments of danger in urban settings than natural ones, and 2) that openness was a significant predictor of danger but not of tranquillity. The authors concluded that tranquillity and danger should not be viewed as polar opposites, but, like preference and tranquillity, as distinct constructs.

The role of audio-visual interaction within the tranquillity construct

Within tranquillity studies, much of the emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of vision in the perception of natural environments. People can very quickly form an impression of a landscape upon viewing it. The speed with which people process complex natural images was tested by using colour photographs of a wide range of animals (mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish) in their natural environments, mixed with distracters that included pictures of forests, mountains, lakes, buildings, and fruit. During this experiment, subjects were shown an image for 20ms and asked to determine whether it contained an animal or not. The electrophysiological brain responses obtained in this study showed that a decision could be made within 150ms of the image being seen, indicating the speed at which cognitive visual processing occurs.

Audition, and the components that comprise the soundscape (a term coined by Schafer to describe the array of sounds that constitute the sonic environment) also inform the ways people characterise landscapes. Auditory reaction times are 50 to 60ms faster than visual ones. Sound can also alter visual perception, and under certain conditions areas of the brain involved in processing auditory information can be activated in response to visual stimuli.

When individuals make tranquillity assessments based on a uni-modal auditory or visual sensory input, they characterise the environment by drawing upon a number of key landscape and soundscape characteristics. For example, when making assessments in response to visual-only stimuli the percentage of water, flora, and geological features positively influence how tranquil a location is perceived to be. Likewise when responding to uni-modal auditory stimuli, the perceived loudness of biological sounds positively influences the perception of tranquillity, whilst the perceived loudness of mechanical sounds have a negative effect. However, when presented with bi-modal auditory-visual stimuli the individual soundscape and landscape components alone no longer influence the perception of tranquillity. Rather configurational coherence was provided by the percentage of natural and contextual features present within the scene and the equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq).

Predicting tranquillity

Researchers at the Bradford Centre for Sustainable Environments developed a methodology with which the perceived tranquillity rating (TR) of an amenity area such as park, green, or urban square can be measured, on a 0–10 scale. The method involves assessing average daytime noise levels Lday (usually traffic noise) and measuring the percentage of natural and contextual features (NCF) contained within the visual scene. The latter includes the percentage area in the visual scene occupied by natural features in the landscape such as vegetation, water, and geological features (e.g. exposed rock outcrops), and contextual features such as listed buildings, religious and historic buildings, landmarks, monuments, and elements of the landscape such as traditional farm buildings that directly contribute to the visual context of the natural environment. Lastly, there are moderating factors (MF) that can influence the perception of tranquillity. The moderating factors are not large; because they are relatively difficult to quantify they are the subject of ongoing research. The TR of an area is then a function of noise, NCF, and MF.

One potentially effective solution to improving tranquillity is to mask traffic noise or distract attention from it with an attractive water sound. Water-generated sounds may improve the perceived tranquillity of gardens blighted by noise. Litter can degrade an environment such that the tranquillity rating drops on average by one .

A study using fMRI neuro-imaging techniques demonstrated the significant differences in effective connectivity between areas of the brain, namely the auditory cortex and the medial pre-frontal cortex, under tranquil and non-tranquil conditions. Specifically the medial pre-frontal cortex receives significantly enhanced contributions from the auditory cortex when presented with a more tranquil visual scene.

Mapping tranquillity

The first method of mapping tranquillity was developed by Simon Rendel of ASH Consulting for a Department for Transport study in 1991. This led to the production of a set of Tranquil Area maps covering England, produced by Rendel and ASH Consulting and published by the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) and the former Countryside Commission.

In these maps tranquil areas were defined as "places sufficiently far from the visual or noise intrusion of development or traffic to be considered unspoilt by urban influences".

More sophisticated mapping techniques are now available following work by researchers at Northumbria University, Newcastle University, and CPRE.

Maps have been produced for the whole of England that show the tranquillity score of Ordnance Survey Grid-derived 500m×500m squares. The tranquillity rating for each is based on 44 factors that add to or detract from people's feelings of tranquillity. These factors were defined following extensive public consultations.

The methodology examines the diffusion of the impact of these factors over distance, taking into account the terrain of the land. For example, the tranquillity increases gradually the further one is from a busy road, but increases more sharply if the road is hidden in a cutting.

This cartographic study showed that tranquillity is not the absence of all noise, activity, and buildings. Indeed, it found that many rural activities, such as farming and hiking, and natural noises such as birdsong and cows lowing, enhance people's experience of tranquillity.

Some factors with positive impacts on tranquillity
 a natural landscape, including woodland
 presence of rivers, streams, lakes or the sea
 birds and other wildlife
 wide open spaces
 clear open night sky with/without moon
 beach in a unique location
 open field, flora etc. with gentle to moderate wind flow

Some factors with negative impacts on tranquillity
 Motorised transport: cars, motorcycle, trains and aircraft – and roads and railways
 light pollution
 large numbers of people
 pylons, power lines, masts and wind turbines
 noise

See also

 Inner peace

References

Environmental psychology
Virtue

Tranquillity


Rancher Labs is an open source software company based in Cupertino, California. The company helps manage Kubernetes at scale. Rancher Labs was founded in 2014 and has 30,000 active teams.

Rancher Labs was funded with $10 million in 2015, $20 million in 2016, and $40 million in 2020.  Executives include co-founders Sheng Liang (CEO), Shannon Williams, Darren Shepherd, and Will Chan. The company's headquarters are in Cupertino, California.

In May 2020, Rancher Labs launched Rancher Academy, a free training program through which IT professionals can be certified on a range of technologies the company provides on top of various distributions of Kubernetes. Company President Shannon Williams says Rancher Labs is trying to democratize access to Kubernetes training at a time when many IT organizations still can't find IT staff with appropriate skills, even in the wake of the economic downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. A recently released Dice 2020 Tech Job Report found there has been an 82% increase in job demand for individuals with Kubernetes skills over the past year alone. Dice predicts that the demand for Kubernetes skills will enjoy a projected growth rate of more than 67% over the next 10 years.

In April 2020, Rancher Labs released an update to its Kubernetes management platform that makes it easier to upgrade without any downtime in addition to making it easier to remotely access. Company CEO Sheng Liang says that as organizations increasingly operationalize Kubernetes there is now a lot more focus on lifecycle management and scalability. Version 2.4 of Rancher provides access to a set of tools that makes it easier for IT teams to manage a fleet of Kubernetes clusters even when network connectivity is limited, says Liang. IT teams can now, for example, initiate an upgrade remotely, but all processes are executed locally. Once completed, the remote cluster synchronizes with the management server once connectivity is re-established.

In July 2020, Rancher Labs announced its definitive agreement to be acquired by SUSE. The deal closed on December 1, 2020.

References

External links

Linux containerization
Linux distributions

Rancher Labs


The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is the largest grouse in North America. It lives in the western half of the United States and the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces. They are larger than a pheasant but smaller than a wild turkey.

They belong to the Phasianidae family. The Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is the other species in the genus.

Populations
At one time they numbered in the millions. Because of loss of the loss of sagebrush habitat there are now between 200,000 and 500,000 birds in the western US. They are now being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In Canada It is estimated their habitat range has been reduced by 90%. They are completely gone from British Columbia. It is estimated the population in Canada was reduced by 88% between 1988 and 2006.

Courtship
In the spring, during their breeding season, male sage-grouse gather to do their courtship displays. They do this on areas called "leks". As the males dance they make a popping sound. This is done by inflating and deflating their two yellow throat sacs. They display their pointed tail feathers while they strut. As many as a dozen males may dance at the same time. Sometimes two males will fight with their wings. The hens will watch for several days before picking out a mate. They make their nests in the sagebrush. The males do not help with nesting or with raising chicks.

References

Other websites
 Greater Sage-Grouse, Cornell University
 Greater sage-grouse strut display, YouTube

Birds of North America
Phasianidae

Greater sage-grouse


The Universidade Atlântica is a private university located near Taguspark in Oeiras Municipality, Portugal (near Lisbon).

Atlântica was founded in 1996 by the initiative of university professors, researchers, banks, private companies, and the Oeiras local government.  The university is housed in the former Barcarena Gunpowder factory (Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena), and is administered by Ensino, Investigação e Administração S.A. (EIA), an entity created in 1993.

Its first undergraduate program was initiated in 1996, in the field of Business Management.  A Higher School of Health Sciences (Escola Superior de Saúde) was established in 2001. Since then, Atlântica has enlarged its scientific interests to four strategic teaching and research areas: Management, Health science, Computer science, and Territory, Environment and Development.

The present Rector of Atlântica  is Professor Nelson Lourenço, a sociologist with expertise in environmental issues.

The University was distinguished with Oeiras Medal of Merit.

References
Atlantica University distinguished with Oeiras Medal of Merit

External links
Atlântica University web page

Private universities and colleges in Portugal
Education in Lisbon

Universidade Atlântica


BBC Television Centre (sometimes abbreviated TVC or TC) in White City, London is home to much of the BBC's television output. Since 1998, almost all of the corporation's national TV and radio news by BBC News is made there too.

References

BBC

BBC Television Centre


In particle physics, deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons (particularly the baryons, such as protons and neutrons), using electrons, muons and neutrinos. It was first attempted in the 1960s and 1970s and provided the first convincing evidence of the reality of quarks, which up until that point had been considered by many to be a purely mathematical phenomenon. It is an extension of Rutherford scattering to much higher energies of the scattering particle and thus to much finer resolution of the components of the nuclei.

Henry Way Kendall,  Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor were joint recipients of the Nobel Prize of 1990 "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."

Description
To explain each part of the terminology, "scattering" refers to the lepton's (electron, muon, etc.)  deflection. Measuring the angles of deflection gives information about the nature of the process. "Inelastic" means that the target absorbs some kinetic energy. In fact, at the very high energies of leptons used, the target is "shattered" and emits many new particles. These particles are hadrons and, to oversimplify greatly, the process is interpreted as a constituent quark of the target being "knocked out" of the target hadron, and due to quark confinement, the quarks are not actually observed but instead produce the observable particles by hadronization. The "deep" refers to the high energy of the lepton, which gives it a very short wavelength and hence the ability to probe distances that are small compared with the size of the target hadron, so it can probe "deep inside" the hadron. Also, note that in the perturbative approximation it is a high-energy virtual photon emitted from the lepton and absorbed by the target hadron which transfers energy to one of its constituent quarks, as in the adjacent diagram.

History

The Standard Model of physics, in particular the work of Murray Gell-Mann in the 1960s, had been successful in uniting much of the previously disparate concepts in particle physics into one, relatively straightforward, scheme. In essence, there were three types of particles:

 The leptons, which were low-mass particles such as electrons, neutrinos and their antiparticles. They have integer electric charge.
 The gauge bosons, which were particles that exchange forces. These ranged from the massless, easy-to-detect photon (the carrier of the electro-magnetic force) to the exotic (though still massless) gluons that carry the strong nuclear force.
The quarks, which were massive particles that carried fractional electric charges. They are the "building blocks" of the hadrons. They are also the only particles to be affected by the strong interaction.

The leptons had been detected since 1897, when J. J. Thomson had shown that electric current is a flow of electrons. Some bosons were being routinely detected, although the W+, W− and Z0 particles of the electroweak force were only categorically seen in the early 1980s, and gluons were only firmly pinned down at DESY in Hamburg at about the same time. Quarks, however, were still elusive.

Drawing on Rutherford's groundbreaking experiments in the early years of the 20th century, ideas for detecting quarks were formulated. Rutherford had proven that atoms had a small, massive, charged nucleus at their centre by firing alpha particles at atoms of gold. Most had gone through with little or no deviation, but a few were deflected through large angles or came right back. This suggested that atoms had internal structure and a lot of empty space.

In order to probe the interiors of baryons, a small, penetrating and easily produced particle needed to be used. Electrons were ideal for the role, as they are abundant and easily accelerated to high energies due to their electric charge.  In 1968, at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), electrons were fired at protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei.  Later experiments were conducted with muons and neutrinos, but the same principles apply.

The collision absorbs some kinetic energy, and as such it is inelastic.  This is a contrast to Rutherford scattering, which is elastic: no loss of kinetic energy. The electron emerges from the nucleus, and its trajectory and velocity can be detected.

Analysis of the results led to the conclusion that hadrons do indeed have internal structure.

The experiments were important because not only did they confirm the physical reality of quarks, but also proved again that the Standard Model was the correct avenue of research for particle physicists to pursue.

See also

 Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering

References

Further reading

Scattering
Experimental particle physics
1960s in science

Deep inelastic scattering


VisualAp is a visual framework for building applications and emulate systems. VisualAp is cross-platform as it is a 100% Java application.

This application is able to perform audio processing, image processing, text and other process-driven emulation. VisualAp provides a visual framework based on lightweight visual components (proclets) that implements specific tasks.

Users can extend the capabilities of VisualAp via user-written proclets. Custom analysis and processing proclets can be developed using Eclipse.

Features

The user can create an application/system by selecting the components from a toolbox, configuring the parameters (via the Javabeans framework), and connecting the components together in order to set up communication channels between the components.

From the application menu the user can:
 create, load and save a system
 check the correctness of the current system
 run process simulation of the current system

Inside the main window the user is able to:
 instantiate a component
 move a component
 edit parameters defining the behavior of the component
 connect/disconnect a component to another

Components
The following visual components are included in version 1.1 of VisualAp:
 add echo effect
 delay audio stream
 split stereo audio in two mono audio streams
 filter an image: blur, invert, sharpen, edge
 transform an image: rotate, scale, shear, translate
 inspect type information
 record an audio stream from the microphone
 generate stereo audio stream from two mono audio input streams
 read a text file, audio file or image file
 play the incoming audio stream
 display input data
 generate an audio tone
 write data (text, audio stream, image) to a file

New components, based on
Javabean conventions, can be created to enrich the current library, using a Java software development platform.

Dataflow programming
The programming language used in VisualAp to describe a system is a dataflow programming language. Execution is determined by the structure of the graphical block diagram on which the programmer connects different components by drawing connectors. These connectors propagate variables and any component can execute as soon as all its input data become available. Internally the VisualAp programming language is based on XML.

VisualAp uses multi-thread execution whenever multiple components are ready for execution simultaneously.

See also

 Visual framework

References

External links

VisualAp official website

Image processing software
Free audio software
Java (programming language) libraries
Java platform software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)

VisualAp


카린 마아그(Karin Maag)는 미국 캘빈 신학교에 있는 헨리미터 센터 (H. Henry Meeter Center for Calvin Studies)에서 1997년부터 연구소 소장이며 그 대학의 역사학 교수이다. 그녀는 장 칼뱅의 작품과 관련된 작품들에 대한 수집으로 유명하다. 취미로는 자전거타기와 역사적 픽션 독서와 합창이다. 모든일에 리더십이 강한 학자이다. 2019년부터 세계칼빈학회(International Congress on Calvin Research)에 새 회장으로 선임되었다.

학력

 B.A., Western Society and Culture/Religion, Concordia University, 몬트리올
 M.Phil., Renaissance and Reformation History, University of Saint Andrews, 스콧트랜드
 Ph.D., Reformation History, University of Saint Andrews, 스코트랜드

외부 링크
 Dr. Karin Maag, Calvin College

출판물

도서
 Does the Reformation Still Matter? in Calvin Shorts by Karin Maag Published: December 15, 2016 ISBN: 978-1-937555-23-8 eBook ISBN: 978-1-937555-24-5
 Lifting Hearts to the Lord: Worship with John Calvin in Sixteenth-Century Geneva in The Church at Worship (CAW)
by Karin Maag Published: January 9, 2016 ISBN: 978-0-8028-7147-3
 Seminary or University? The Genevan Academy and Reformed Higher Education. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Aldershot, 1995.

편저
 Politics, Gender, and Belief: The Long-Term Impact of the Reformation. Edited by Amy Nelson Burnett, Kathleen Comerford, and Karin Maag. Geneva: Droz, 2013
 Worship in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Change and Continuity in Religious Practice. University of Notre Dame Press, 2004.
 Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence beyond Wittenberg. Baker Bookhouse, 1999.
 The Reformation in Eastern and Central Europe. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Aldershot, 1996.

번역서
 On Time, Punctuality, and Discipline in Early Modern Calvinism by Max Engammare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
 John Calvin and the Printed Book by Jean-François Gilmont (Translation). Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 2005.
 Translation and English Edition. The Reformation and the Book. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Aldershot, 1998.

논문
 "A Debated Office: Deacons in the Huguenot Church, 1560-1660" in Emancipating Calvin: Culture and Confessional Identity in Francophone Reformed Communitiesedited by Karen Spierling, Erik de Boer and Ward Holder. Leiden: Brill, 2018
 Permeable Borders: Cross-Confessional Encounters and Traditions in Reformation Geneva" in Semper Reformanda: John Calvin, Worship and Reformed Traditionsedited by Barbara Pitkin. Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018.
 Impact amid absence: the Synod of Dordt and the French Huguenots" In die Skriflig52/2 (2018) https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.v52i2.2340
The Place and Image of Luther in Calvinist/Reformed Historiography" in Luther and Calvinism: Image and Reception of Martin Luther in the History and Theology of Calvinism edited by Herman Selderhuis and J. Marius J. Lange van Ravenswaay (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2017)
 No Better Songs": John Calvin and the Genevan Psalter in the Sixteenth Century and Today" The Hymn: A Journal of Congregational Song 68/4 (2017): 28-33
Schools and Education, 1500-1600" in A Companion to the Swiss Reformation edited by Amy Nelson Burnett and Emidio Campi (Brill, 2016)
 Calvin's Impact in Elizabethan England" in Calvinus Pastor Ecclesiae: Papers of the Eleventh International Congress on Calvin Research (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016)
 Pulpit and Pen: Pastors and Professors as Shapers of the Huguenot Tradition" in A Companion to the Huguenots edited by Raymond Mentzer and Bertrand van Ruymbeke (Brill, 2016)
 The Reformation and Higher Education" in Protestantism after 500 Years edited by T. A. Howard and Mark Noll (Oxford University Press, 2016)
 Geneva and the Myth of the Escalade" Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 106 (2015): 273-89
 "Theodore Beza." The Expository Times (November 2014): 1-9
 "From Professors to Pastors: the Convoluted Careers of Jean Diodati and Théodore Tronchin." In Church and School in Early Modern Protestantism: Studies in Honor of Richard A. Muller on the Maturation of a Theological Tradition, edited by Jordan Ballor, David Sytsma, and Jason Zuidema. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
 "Getting Engaged: The Joys of Studying History."In Practically Human: College Professors Speak from the Heart of Humanities Education, (edited by Gary Schmidt and Matthew Walhout. Grand Rapids: Calvin Press, 2012.
 "Catechisms and Confessions of Faith." In T&T Clark Companion to Reformation Theology, edited by David Whitford. London: T&T Clark, 2012.
 "Calvin 2009: the results." In Calvin Clarissimus Theologus: Papers of the Tenth International Congress on Calvin Research, edited by Herman Selderhuis. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012).
 "Strong Roots for a Vibrant Future." In Reformed Mission in an Age of Reformed Christianity: Ideas for the 21st Century. Edited by Shirley Roels. Calvin Press, 2011.
 "Calvin as the Ideal Teacher." In Saint or Sinner? The Reformation of John Calvin (1509-1564). Edited by Herman Selderhuis. Mohr Siebeck, 2010.
 "John Calvin after 500 years: Life and Impact" [review article]. Sixteenth Century Journal 41/1 (2010): 122-30.
 "Calvin research: tools, institutions and the state of research" and "Calvin and Students." In The Calvin Handbook. Edited by Herman Selderhuis. Eerdmans, 2009.

미국의 대학 교수
미국의 역사가
장 칼뱅 연구가
캘빈 대학교 교수

카린 마아그


Wolfram Sperling (born 4 December 1952) is a retired German swimmer. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 400 m freestyle and 200 m and 400 m individual medley and finished in eighth place in the last event. He  placed fourth in the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle at the 1970 European Championships.

Between 1973 and 1978 he studied sports sciences and after graduation worked at the DHfK in Leipzig, defending a PhD in 1982 and habilitation in 1990. He then taught various sports-related subjects at the University of Kiel (1993–1994) and University of Leipzig (1993–1998). In parallel he worked as a researcher in sports therapy. He is a member of the    German Association of Sport Sciences, President of the Saxon Swimming Federation, and a board member of the German Swimming Federation.

References

1952 births
Living people
German male freestyle swimmers
Male medley swimmers
Olympic swimmers for East Germany
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Leipzig

Wolfram Sperling


Henry James "Red" Allen, Jr. (January 7, 1908 – April 17, 1967) was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist whose playing has been claimed by Joachim-Ernst Berendt and others as the first to fully incorporate the innovations of Louis Armstrong.

Life and career
Allen was born in the Algiers neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of the bandleader Henry Allen Sr. He took early trumpet lessons from Peter Bocage and Manuel Manetta.

Allen's career began in Sidney Desvigne's Southern Syncopators. He was playing professionally by 1924 with the Excelsior Brass Band and the jazz dance bands of Sam Morgan, George Lewis and John Casimir. After playing on riverboats on the Mississippi River, he went to Chicago in 1927 to join King Oliver's band. Around this time he made recordings on the side in the band of Clarence Williams.

After returning briefly to New Orleans, where he worked with the bands of Fate Marable and Fats Pichon, he was offered a recording contract with Victor Records and went to New York City, where he joined the Luis Russell band, which was later fronted by Louis Armstrong in the late 1930s.

In 1929, Allen joined Luis Russell's Orchestra, in which he was a featured soloist until 1932. He took part in recording sessions that year organized by Eddie Condon, some of which featured Fats Waller and Tommy Dorsey. He also made a series of recordings in late 1931 with Don Redman. In 1932 he recorded with the Rhythmakers in New York City. In 1933 he joined Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra, in which he stayed until 1934. He played with Lucky Millinder's Mills Blue Rhythm Band from 1934 to 1937, when he returned to Russell for three more years, by which time Russell's orchestra was fronted by Louis Armstrong. Allen seldom received any solo space on recordings with Armstrong, but was prominently featured in the band's live performances, even getting billing as a featured attraction.

As a bandleader, Allen recorded for Victor from 1929 through 1930. He made a series of recordings as co-leader with Coleman Hawkins in 1933 for ARC (Banner, Melotone, Oriole, Perfect, Romeo, etc.) and continued as an ARC recording artist through 1935, when he was moved to ARC's Vocalion label for a popular series of swing records from 1935 through late 1937. A number of these were popular at the time. He did a solitary session for Decca in 1940 and two sessions for OKeh in 1941. After World War II, he recorded for Brunswick in 1944, Victor in 1946, and Apollo in 1947.

Allen continued making many recordings under his own name and also with Fats Waller and Jelly Roll Morton and accompanied such vocalists as Victoria Spivey and Billie Holiday. After a short stint with Benny Goodman, Allen began to lead his own band at the Famous Door in Manhattan. He then toured with the band around the United States into the late 1950s.

In December 1957, Allen appeared with Pee Wee Russell on the television program Sound Of Jazz. In 1959, he made his first tour of Europe when he joined Kid Ory's band. He led the house band at New York's Metropole Cafe from 1954, until the club ceased its jazz policy in 1965.

Personal life and death
Allen was Catholic.

Allen returned to working under his own name and made numerous tours of the United States and Europe. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in late 1966. After undergoing surgery, he made a final tour of England, which ended six weeks before his death, on April 17, 1967, in New York City. He is buried, in the newer section of Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx, in grave 52 of section 15. He was survived by his widow, Pearly May, and a son, Henry Allen III.

Style and influence
Allen's trumpet style has been described by Joachim-Ernst Berendt and others as the first to fully incorporate the innovations of Louis Armstrong, and to develop an emphasis on phrasing. Allen's recordings received much favorable attention.  His versatility is shown by his winning of DownBeat awards in both the traditional jazz and the modern jazz categories.

In 2022, the New Orleans City Council voted to rename "Slidell Street" in Algiers to "Red Allen Way", in his honor.

Discography
Red Allen, Kid Ory & Jack Teagarden at Newport (Verve, 1957)
Ride, Red, Ride in Hi-Fi (RCA Victor, 1957), later re released as World on a String (1991)
Mr. Allen (Swingville, 1962)
The College Concert with Pee Wee Russell (Impulse!, 1966)
Jazz Standards and Warhorses, with Coleman Hawkins (Jass Records, CD version 1987)
1929–1933 (Chronological Classics 540, 1990)
With Langston Hughes
Weary Blues (MGM, 1959)

References

Further reading
Ride, Red, Ride – The Life of Henry "Red" Allen by John Chilton, Continuum, 1999.

External links

 Red Hot Jazz site website
 Syncopated Times website
 Henry Allen recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

1908 births
1967 deaths
Dixieland jazz musicians
African-American jazz musicians
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Apollo Records artists
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in New York (state)
20th-century American musicians
20th-century trumpeters
Vocalion Records artists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Mills Blue Rhythm Band members
African-American Catholics
Jazzology Records artists
Verve Records artists
Impulse! Records artists
20th-century African-American musicians
Perfect Records artists

Red Allen


Peter Bernhard Feuchtwanger (26 June 1930 – 18 June 2016) was a German pianist, composer, and teacher. He lived for many years in London.

Life and work

Feuchtwanger was born in Munich as the son of a local bank director, Theodore Feuchtwanger (1858–1956). During World War II, the family fled to Haifa. Peter Feuchtwanger was a self-taught (?) pianist who later developed exercises to help pianists learn a natural effortless technique and also help pianists who have physical problems due to their approach to playing.

Feuchtwanger's piano teachers included Edwin Fischer and Walter Gieseking, but especially inspiring were the pianist Clara Haskil, who practiced on her concert tours in England with him, and the contralto Kathleen Ferrier. He studied composition with Hans Heimler, Lennox Berkeley and . He broke early from a career as a pianist to devote himself to composition and music education. He was a follower of Zen and dealt with music and philosophy from India and the Arab world. His Variation on an Eastern Folk Tune (Books 1 and 2) won first prize at the Viotti International Music Competition in 1959.

He worked extensively with the American pianist and composer Carter Larsen the Argentine pianist Martha Argerich before her breakthrough in the Chopin Competition in 1965. In the same year, he helped Youra Guller's late comeback in London. He was one of pianist Issak Tavior's instructors. He also helped Shura Cherkassky to overcome his nerves; and coached David Helfgott. Yehudi Menuhin invited him in 1966 to write a work for Violin, Sitar, Tabla and Tanpura for the Bath International Music Festival. It was first performed by Menuhin and Ravi Shankar. In 2003, with Professor Günter Reinhold, he founded the International Academy of Music Education in Karlsruhe. He was Visiting Professor at the Yehudi Menuhin School in Surrey and at the Mozarteum University of Salzburg. He held part-time professorships at conservatoriums in Karlsruhe and Basel. From 1967, he gave Master Classes throughout the world. He developed a novel technique of piano playing, which led to the publication of special piano exercises. He was the vice president of the  (London West).

Feuchtwanger died in his apartment in London, aged 85, survived by his partner, the artist Michael Garady. He was buried at the Brompton Cemetery.

References

External links
 Peter Feuchtwanger fan site
 Profile, Musik Bildung

 Peter Feuchtwanger 1939–2016 – Pianist, Composer, Pedagogue, Frances Wilson, 18 June 2016
 EPTA-UK, European Piano Teachers Association, United Kingdom
London ArtsFest, Peter Feuchtwanger – Founding Director, Vice Chairman 4 April 2000 – 17 June 2016
Musical Pointers Peter Feuchtwanger Piano Exercises

1930 births
2016 deaths
Musicians from Munich
German classical pianists
Jewish classical pianists
Male classical pianists
English classical pianists
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
German emigrants to the United Kingdom

Peter Feuchtwanger