Selca is a municipality on the island of Brač in Croatia in the Split-Dalmatia County. It has a population of 1,804 (2011 census), 97.17% of which are Croats. Towns included in the municipality are: Selca, Sumartin, Povlja, Novo Selo which are home to numerous historical sites of various importance such as the Parish Church in Selca, which later came to be known as the "Cathedral of Brač", the 18th century church in Povlja, where the Charter of Povlja was found as well as the 10th century Church of Nikola located in Sumartin.

Geography
Selca is located on the hills of Pliša, on the east side of the Island of Brač.

Demographics
The town of Selca has a population of about a thousand people. According to the 2011 census, the whole municipality of Selca has a population of 1'804, the majority of which are Croats that make up 97.17%. The most practiced religion is Catholicism.

History
Selca is first mentioned in the Charter of Povlja in 1184.

As an agricultural settlement, Selca began its existence as a small part of the parish (the smallest administrative unit within the Christian Church) of Gornji Humac. Thanks to stone masonry the settlement later began to evolve rapidly, which then led to an administrative reorganisation that made Selca its own parish in 1815. Local demographics statistics show a boom in the numbers of inhabitants, going from a population of 124 in 1678 to a population of 400 in 1763. The small church which could take only 20 people was then expanded, as did the village itself with newly built houses and administrative establishments. The town slowly took the form of a well-established economic center on the east side of the Island of Brač. The first school on said side of the Island then opened its doors in 1859.

In 1943, shortly before the capitulation of Fascist Italy, the Italian army had burned large parts of Selca down, along with 6 other settlements on the Island of Brač, an event that left visible traces to this day. The manifestation was named Croatia rediviva: Ča, Kaj, Što - baštinski dani, organized in 2008, commemorates the day of the attack. The festival is held annually, and every poet reads his own verses, in one of the three Croatian literary idioms, at the main stone-covered square of Stjepan Radić in front of numerous interested admirers of the Croatian literary word.

Notable people
 Celestin Bezmalinović (1912–1993), bishop
 Niko Bezmalinović, Croatian economist and diplomat
 Nikola Bezmalinović (Nick Bez), Croatian industrialist in the USA and American politician
 Marija Brida (1912–1993), freedom philosopher
 Niko Carević, Croatian medic
  Tomo Didolić (1844–1907), first mayor of the municipality of Selca
 Helena Gamulin-Brida, Croatian Sea Biologist
 Zlatan Jakšić (1924–2007), professor at the philosopher's university in Zadar, one of the biggest čakavian philosophers
 Neva Kežić (1948–2010), Croatian poet who writes mainly in the Čakavian dialect
 Ante Nižetić (1924–2007), Croatian poet
 Siniša Vuković (born 1973), Croatian linguist, writer and dirigent
 Andro Štambuk (1913–1955), auxiliary Bishop, who took care of refugees, was a victim of the post-communist violence due to his religious beliefs
 Davor Štambuk, Croatian caricaturist
 Drago Štambuk (born 1950), medic, writer, essayist and diplomat; author and promoter of "zlatne formule hrvatskoga jezika ča-kaj-što" (The golden formula of the Croatian language ča-kaj-što); Founder of the pan-Croatian writers event "Croatia rediviva ča-kaj-što" 1991.
 Ivan Štambuk (called "Ivulić") (1911–1971), philanthropist, the youngest mayor (1939–1943), initiator of the rehabilitation of the then burned town of Selca
 Nives Štambuk Giljanović (1947), expert on the water systems of the Dalmatia region, scientist and medical professor at the medical university of Split, writer of the books "Vode Dalmacije" (Water of Dalmatia), Vode Cetine (Water of Cetine), Vode Neretve (Water of Neretva)
 Slavko Štambuk, prebendary, writer of the parish chronicles, played a great role in the building of the "Brač cathedral"
 Slobodan Štambuk (1941–2023), bishop
 Vjenceslav Štambuk, businessman, founder of the first Dalmatian cooperative, dedicated his life for the building of the "Brač cathedral"
 Andro Ursić, priest

Monuments

Selca, throughout Croatia, is known for their monuments dedicated to important historical figures and has the biggest amount of monuments per Capita. Notable examples include:
 A statue dedicated to the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, which was the first statue dedicated to this writer, since it was put in place shortly after Tolstoy's death.
 "Park zahvalnosti" (Park of Gratitude) is a park dedicated to three historical figures that played a big part in the independence of Croatia 1991. The park is home to three statues; That of Franjo Tuđman, the first president of the modern Croatian state, Hansa Dietrich Genscher, German politician and German unison architect, one of the first high-ranked politicians to recognize Croatia and Alois Mock, Austrian politician who dedicated himself for Croatia to be recognized internationally.
 A stone plate dedicated to Martin Kukučín (Real name Matej Bencúr), who spent a big part of his life in Selca, married to Perica Didolić, worked as a medic in Selca and is considered one of the founders of modern Slovak prose.
 A bronze statue on the main square of the town dedicated to Stjepan Radić, who was an important Croatian politician, playing a big role in returning the Croatian spirit as a force in the then Kingdom of SHS. Due to a conflict of interest, he was shot by a member of the Serbian people's radical party in 1928.
 A statue dedicated to Pope John Paul II.
 In the apse of the church, there's a bronze statue symbolising the heart of Jesus, which was then made from molten leftover bullets from World War II.

Education

The elementary school in Selca was founded in 1859, a few decades after the first population boom. It educates students from the whole municipality of Selca from the first to eight class and due to a vastly declining population during World War II which made the elementary school in Povlja obsolete, remained the only elementary school in the municipality. The school building has its own sports hall and during the warm weather it uses the grass field in front of it as well as the football / futsal field of the local football club "Takmac" Selca. Currently, the following subjects are taught:

 Croatian language
 Mathematics
 Chemistry
 Physics
 Sports education
 English language
 History
 Biology
 Religion

Culture

The "Hrvatski sastanak" society (Croatian meeting society) was founded in Selca in 1888, which was active until the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. It was then revitalized in 1988 on the 100 anniversary since it has been founded and now bears the official name Hrvatski sastanak 1888". The society was brought back to life by Sinaj Bulimbašić who was the chairman for most of its modern existence. He was then replaced by Juro Štambuk "Čiča" and today is led by the municipality's mayor Ivan Marijančević. Under its banner are the male Klapa "Selca" and the female "Fjorin" and "Mirula" as well as a Mandolin orchestra. With the reneval of "Hrvatski Sastanak 1888" also came the establishment of Selca's brass band, whose chairman is former mayor Bruno Štambuk.

As part of the parish organisation, the assembly of Krista kralja (King Christ), whose establisher is named Siniša Vuković made itself known throughout Croatia as well as Italy, France, Austria, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary for their religious songs. They recorded a complete selection of their songs on various media "Ispovid'te se" (Repent) which in 2008 was produced by the Split-based record label "Verbum". The organ player on that selection was local musician Pero Bošković.

In 1991 the writer, medic and diplomat Dr. Drago Štambuk founded the Pan-Croatian writers manifestation "Croatia rediviva" which promotes all three main Croatian dialects: Chakavian, Kajkavian and Shtokavian. The manifestation is held annually in Summer on the main square of Selca, attracting many locals and tourists alike and had some well-established writers participating such as Dragutin Tadijanović, Vesna Parun, Slavko Mihalić, Tonko Maroević, Luko Pateljak, Jakša Fiamengo and Joško Božanić. After the poetry marathon the founder crowns one poet with an olive wreath, who then becomes "Poeta oliveatus". A small text from said winner is then chosen which will be cut in a stone plate and hung on the iconic "Zid od poezije" (Wall of poetry), also located on the main square.

There is also a drama group named "Mirina" that base their play on events that occurred in the municipality itself, bringing humor to otherwise frustrating events, sometimes in a manner of light-hearted Schadenfreude. During the same period of Spring the Selca carnival takes place which offers its visitors a corso of modified vehicles and a costume ball.

Sports

The most notable sports organisation is the local football / futsal club "Takmac", its organisation taking care of numerous sports events in the municipality since a few decades.

Sports summer events
In 2013 with the help of the municipality and the mayor, Ivan Marijančević, an annual event was started under the name of "Sportsko Lito Selca" (Sports summer Selca) with the goal to promote sports in the municipality. It ended up growing bigger than its original purpose and became a major event for locals and tourists alike, bringing sport enthusiasts from all parts of the Island of Brač together and compete in all the popular sports on said island which include: football, basketball, cageball, tennis, table tennis, and boccia. The sports event are also accompanied by numerous special events such as the "Old vs. young" football match on the large field, concerts that hosted well known bands and a Football Ultras manifestation lighting flares and various other fireworks called "Pyroshow".

The events take its financial resources from the municipality and local companies that have decided to sponsor the event.

Literature

 Brački zbornik br. 6, Dasen Vrsalović-Povijest otoka Brača, Skupština općine Brač, Supetar 1968.

References

External links

Populated places in Split-Dalmatia County
Brač

Selca, Brač


Auburn is a small city in south-central Maine, United States. The city is the county seat of Androscoggin County. The population was 24,061 at the 2020 census. Auburn and its sister city Lewiston are known locally as the Twin Cities or Lewiston–Auburn (L–A).

National Register of Historic Places
Auburn has 20 listings on the National Register of Historic Places they are listed below.

 A. A. Garcelon House (1890)
 Androscoggin County Courthouse and Jail (1857)
 Auburn Public Library (1903)
 Barker Mill (1873)
 Charles A. Jordan House (1880)
 Charles L. Cushman House (1889)
 Edward Little House (1827)
 Engine House (1879)
 First Universalist Church (1876)
 Frank L. Dingley House (1867)
 Free Baptist Church
 Gay-Munroe House (1878)
 Holman Day House (1895)
 Horace Munroe House (1899)
 Horatio G. Foss House (1914)
 Lamoreau Site
 Main Street Historic District
 Roak Block (1871)
 William A. Robinson House (1874)
 William Briggs Homestead (1797)

Sites of interest
 Androscoggin Historical Society & Museum—artifacts of local history, Civil War memorabilia, farming tools and a bird collection
 Auburn Fire Department Museum—a collection of antique fire equipment from the city
 Festival Plaza, completed in 2002—public park and performance space along the Androscoggin River. Two public water sculptures designed by artist Ross Miller operate seasonally – the Falls Fountain, that references the Androscoggin River and Native American legends of being able to hide behind the falls; and the Shoe Fountain, a series of cast bronze shoes recalling the early shoe manufacturing history of the area. A map of the Androscoggin River is cast into the plaza with colored concrete.
 Good Shepherd Food Bank distributes food to agencies across the state from its main warehouse in Auburn
 Hamster Point—Majestic river side gardens
 Knight House Museum (1796) – the oldest frame house downtown, with a pre-1835 handwork shoe shop
 Auburn Mall

References

Cities in Maine
County seats in Maine

Auburn, Maine


Collagenous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon. Together with the related condition lymphocytic colitis, it is a subtype of microscopic colitis, which is characterized by inflammation that specifically affects the colon (i.e. colitis), and a clinical presentation that involves watery diarrhea but a lack of rectal bleeding. Microscopic colitis does not usually cause macroscopic changes to the colon that allow a visual diagnosis during colonoscopy, instead causing microscopic changes that can be detected through histopathological examination of colonic biopsies. The nature of these microscopic changes is what differentiates collagenous from lymphocytic colitis, with the characteristic finding in collagenous colitis being depositions of collagen in the connective tissue between the colonic glands. Collagenous colitis, and microscopic colitis as a whole, is sometimes considered to be an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) along with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, little is known about the etiology of microscopic colitis, and so the degree of similarity to the inflammatory bowel diseases is uncertain.

Although cases are known to occur in all age groups, the disease is most frequently diagnosed in late middle aged or elderly people, with the average person being diagnosed in their 60s. Women are more frequently affected than men, with different studies finding female-male incidence ratios of between 3 and 8. Epidemiological studies have found large increases in diagnosed cases of microscopic colitis, of which collagenous colitis cases are a majority, over the past few decades, with cases of microscopic colitis now outnumbering those of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis at least in some regions.

Signs and symptoms
In general, microscopic colitis causes chronic watery diarrhea with increased stool frequency. Some patients report nocturnal diarrhea, abdominal pain, bowel urgency, fecal incontinence, fatigue and weight loss. In severe cases, symptoms may include dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Patients report a significantly diminished quality of life. In a retrospective study specifically on collagenous colitis patients, all studied patients experienced chronic diarrhea, 42% experienced weight loss, 41% experienced abdominal pain, 27% of the patients experienced nocturnal diarrhea, while 14% experienced fatigue and 8% experienced meteorism. The median patent had 6 stools per day. Among the patients who experienced weight loss and whose magnitude of weight loss was recorded, the median lost weight was 6 kg.

Causes
The cause of collagenous colitis is unknown. A connection with autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease is suspected, as up to 40% of patients with collagenous colitis have an autoimmune disease. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and beta blockers also appear to increase the risk of collagenous colitis, but the cause of this is not known.

Diagnosis
On colonoscopy, the mucosa of the colon typically looks normal, but biopsies of affected tissue usually show deposition of collagen in the lamina propria, which is the area of connective tissue between colonic glands.  Radiological tests, such as a barium enema are also typically normal.

Treatment
First line treatment for collagenous colitis is the use of budesonide, a steroid that works locally in the colon and is highly cleared by first pass effect. Other medications that can be used include the following:

 Bismuth agents, including Pepto-Bismol
 5-aminosalicylic acid
 Immunosuppressants, including azathioprine
 Infliximab

Pilot-scale studies have shown some evidence of possible benefit for both Boswellia serrata extract and specific strains of probiotics in the treatment of collagenous colitis, although larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.

Epidemiology
One epidemiological study reported previous incidence rates of collagenous colitis found in the literature as ranging from 0.6 cases per 100,000 person-years (based on French data from 1987–1992) to 5.2 per 100,000 person-years (from an Icelandic study based on data from 1995-1999), while the authors themselves found an incidence rate of 3.1 per 100,000 person-years in Olmsted County, Minnesota across the period 1985-2001. Based only on the subset of the data from 1998-2001, however, the authors found a higher rate of 7.1 per 100,000 person-years, an incidence rate which exceeded those of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The previously mentioned Icelandic study also found increasing rates through the studied period, with the incidence rate in Iceland increasing from 2.2 in 1995 to 8.3 in 1999. Women appear to be more frequently affected by collagenous colitis than men, with the Icelandic study finding a female-male ratio of 7.9 in diagnosed cases and the Olmsted County study finding a female-male ratio of 4.4.

An updated study on microscopic colitis in Olmsted County published in 2022 and based on data from between 2011 and 2019 found an incidence rate for collagenous colitis of 9.9 cases per 100,000 person-years, a prevalence of 100.1 per 100,000 persons and a female-male ratio of 4.7. Unlike in the previous study on data from 1995-1999, the rate of collagenous colitis in Olmsted County was found to have remained stable between 2011 and 2019. Another study on rates of microscopic colitis in Denmark between 2001 and 2016 found an overall incidence rate for collagenous colitis of 12.2 per 100,000 person-years, a prevalence of 116.7 per 100,000 persons and a female-male ratio of 3.1. Like the 1995-1999 Olmsted County study and the 1995-1999 Icelandic study, this Danish study found a heavy increase in rates of collagenous colitis and microscopic colitis overall during the studied period, with the incidence rates in 2001 and 2016 for microscopic colitis found to be, respectively, 2.3 and 24.3 cases per 100,000 person-years. However, the incidence rates of collagenous colitis in this Danish data peaked in 2011 with a rate of 19.6 cases per 100,000 person-years, and rates appeared to be stable between 2012 and 2016. The average age at diagnosis was found to be 67, and the highest incidence rate was found among patients over the age of 80. The strong increase in the case rates of microscopic colitis (with collagenous colitis making up 59% of these cases) throughout the study period meant that by 2016, microscopic colitis had a greater incidence rate in Denmark than did Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The authors suggest an increase in the use of colonoscopies as a possible cause of the observed change in microscopic colitis diagnoses over time.

References

External links

Colitis
Steroid-responsive inflammatory conditions

Collagenous colitis


Alexander von Dassel (1 December 1854 - 28 October 1942) was a German privy councilor and magistrate (Geheimer Justizrat and Amtsgerichtsrat).

Life and career
Alexander von Dassel was born in Lemförde as a son of Alexander von Dassel sen. (12 February 1817 in Lüneburg - 18 Juli 1911 Lüchow) and his wife Bertha von Dassel (9 January 1817 in Hoppensen - 13 March 1883 in Lüchow). He studied in Leipzig and Tübingen and became a corps student of Corps Misnia Leipzig and Corps Suevia Tübingen.

He married on 30 March 1894 in the age of 30 years the eight years younger Helene Busch (28 March 1862 in Bleckede - 13 January 1947 in Göttingen). He died in Göttingen.

References

1854 births
1942 deaths
Jurists from Lower Saxony
People from Diepholz (district)

Alexander von Dassel


XobotOS is a Xamarin research project that explored porting Android 4.0 from Java/Dalvik to C# to explore the performance and memory footprint benefits of C#.

XobotOS is a semi-automated port of the Android 4.0 source code from Java to C#.  The automated parts were ported using an improved version of Sharpen that can compile more advanced Java constructs and supports generics.  Most of the manual bits of code fall in two categories (a) code to integrate with the host operating system and (b) replace the Java JNI code used to call into C, with the ECMA CLI P/Invoke functionality.

References

Android (operating system) software

XobotOS


Always a Body To Trade is a crime novel by the American writer K. C. Constantine set in 1980s Rocksburg, a fictional, blue-collar, Rust Belt town in Western Pennsylvania, modeled on the author's hometown of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.

Mario Balzic is the protagonist, an atypical detective for the genre, a Serbo-Italian American cop, middle-aged, unpretentious, a family man who asks questions and uses more sense than force.

The novel tells the story of a double robbery in two identical apartments, rented but hardly ever used by a Pittsburgh drug dealer who's clean with the law. A young woman is found shot dead on the street, she cannot be identified but her murder has all the appearances of a professional hit. The new mayor of Rocksburg is near hysteria, and he smears the case all over Balzic, who not only has to solve the murder but teach his nosy new boss the not-so-plain facts of police work.

It is the sixth book in the 17-volume Rocksburg series.

Reference list
Novel Page on Publisher's Website

References

1983 American novels
Novels by K. C. Constantine
American crime novels
Novels set in Pennsylvania
Godine books

Always a Body to Trade


Vagif Mustafayev (born August 28, 1953) is an Azerbaijani film director, producer and screenwriter. Since 2006 he has been the president of the Space TV and Radio Company.

Biography
In 1982, he was accepted on two-year higher courses for script-writers and directors at the USSR State Cinema in Moscow (Eldar Ryazanov's creative workshop). Having completed the higher courses for script-writers and directors, he worked at the Azerbaijanfilm studio as a director and producer of feature films from 1985. Between 2001 and 2006 he was deputy minister of culture of the Azerbaijan Republic. Russia's National Academy of the Cinematic Arts and Sciences awarded Vagif Mustafayev a Gold Medal for his contribution to film-making.

In 2007, Vagif Mustafayev was chairman of the jury at the 10th Anniversary Eurasian TV Forum held by the Eurasian Academy of TV and Radio, where he was awarded the prestigious prize International Olympus. In the same year, he was also awarded the Badge of Honour for Contributions to Friendship of the Russian Foreign Ministry's Russia Abroad Centre.

Vagif Mustafayev held a master class on Laughter Brings Peoples Closer for film and TV personnel from more than 20 countries at the Russian Union of Film-Makers' House of Cinema on 8 November 2008, as part of the 11th Eurasian TV Forum.

Vagif Mustafayev filmed and showed several major projects over the course of 2009. The six-part documentary 'History of Our Security' (2009) was the first frank, extensive account of the history of the security bodies in Azerbaijan from 1918 to the present day.

The documentary 'Strategy of Success' (2009) about Heydar Aliyev's creation of the State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan.

Mustafayev's next significant work was the documentary "Allaha Shukur" (Thank God) in 2009 about the life and work of the public and religious figure, the 12th Sheikh ul-Islam, chairman of the Board of Muslims of the Caucasus, Haji Allahshukur Pashazade. Vagif Mustafayev was for the second time elected chairman of the authoritative international jury of the 12th Eurasian TV Forum, held in Moscow from 26 to 30 November 2009.

Vagif Mustafayev headed the jury at the Sixth International Festival of War and Patriotic Films, which was held from 16 to 20 December 2009 in Volokolamsk (Moscow Region) and was dedicated to the 65th anniversary of victory in the Second World War.

In 2010, Vagif Mustafayev shot a four-part documentary 'The History of Oil in Azerbaijan'.

In 2011, well-known director, People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan Republic, film director, winner of Azerbaijan's State Prize, vice-president of the European Academy of Television Vagif Mustafayev shot the 11th film about the national leader of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev - 'Heydar Aliyev. The State'. Heydar Aliyev, who put Azerbaijan on the map in the 1970s after he became leader of the republic, built a powerful independent state. The film tells of the unimaginable difficulties and obstacles faced by the national leader and the heroic way in which he overcame them.

Between 1999 and 2013, Vagif Mustafayev made 12 films about the life and work of Azerbaijan's National Leader Heydar Aliyev.

Filmography
 Fikret Amirov (2022)
 Life Seems to Be Beautiful (2022)
 Inspection (2007)
 National Bomb (2004)
 Black Mark (2003)
 Between Earth and Sky (1999)
 Everything for Better (1997)
 French (1995)
 Alone (1991)
 The Scoundrel (1988 film)
 Villain (1987)

Awards
Vagif Mustafayev has been awarded the Order of Glory of the Azerbaijan Republic and the Order of Honour of Georgia. He also won the prize and diploma for his Outstanding Contribution to the Development of Film and Television at the 13th Eurasian TV Forum, held in Moscow in November 2011.

In 2022, Mustafayev was awarded by the "Best Director" award at the Korkut Ata Film Festival held in Bursa, Turkey.

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Azerbaijani film directors
Azerbaijani screenwriters
Film people from Baku

Vagif Mustafayev


ShipSpace was an interactive maritime museum in Inverness, Scotland. The museum was situated along the historic Caledonian Canal at the Muirtown Basin. The 1:10 scale Titanic model was one of the main attractions.

Inside the museum building there were various interactive exhibits, photos, posters and information about the ship available as well as a rolling film that showed divers going down to the sunken ship.

Outside, the 1:10 scale Titanic model was the centrepiece of the museum. The scale model contained three main rooms: a Parisian-styled café, a replica bridge, and a Marconi radio communications room.

Other exhibits outside included:

A replica of the Nautile submarine, one of the mini-submersibles that dove 3 miles down to the Titanic.
The Guiding Star, a West-Coast creel fishing boat which was the last built at Inverness Thornbush slipway.
A full-scale replica of the Star of Hope, the first herring drifter from Buckie.
A 45 ft RNLI Watson-class lifeboat.

The museum was in the east building, which had been constructed in the mode of the original west building, a toll house. The two buildings were separated by a corridor.

Ship Space is now permanently closed since April 2018 following the untimely death of the owner/curator, Stan Fraser.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Inverness
Maritime museums in Scotland

Ship Space


John IV of Egmont (or Egmond) (1499, Egmond aan den Hoef – April 1528, near Ferrara) was second Count of Egmont, Lord of Hoogwoud, Aartswoud and Baer, and tenth Free Lord of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam. He belonged to the House of Egmond.

John was the eldest surviving son of John III of Egmont and Magdalena van Werdenburg.
In 1516 he succeeded his father as Count of Egmont and was made a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor made him in 1527 head of the light infantry in Naples and Milan. One year later, John died near Ferrara, aged 29.

Marriage and Children
John married in 1516 in Brussels with  (1495–1557), daughter of James II of Luxembourg. They had three children:
Margaretha (1517 – 10 March 1554, Bar-le-Duc), married Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur (1524–1577) and mother of Louise of Lorraine, Queen consort of France and Poland by marriage to Henri III of France.
 Karel  (died in Cartagena on 7 December 1541, after falling ill during the failed Algiers expedition), third count of Egmont
 Lamoraal (1522–1568), fourth Count of Egmont.

1499 births
1528 deaths
Dutch nobility
John 4
John 4
Knights of the Golden Fleece
People from Egmond

John IV of Egmont


Riaz Uddin Ahamed Siddique (, ; born 26 October 1972), commonly known as Riaz, is a Bangladeshi film actor, producer, and television presenter who has appeared in more than 100 Bengali films in genres ranging from romance to action to comedies. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including three National Film Awards and seven Meril Prothom Alo Awards. He portrayed the famous literary character, Shuvro, created by Humayun Ahmed, in Daruchini Dip.

Riaz first appeared onscreen as a side role in filmmaker Dewan Nazrul's social action drama Banglar Nayok (1995). He began a full-time career in film with a leading role in the highly successful romantic drama Praner Cheye Priyo (1997). In 1995, Riaz worked with Bollywood actress Susmita Sen for Mahesh Manjrekar's film It Was Raining That Night. His last movie "Krishnopokkho" was released on 26 February 2016, directed by Meher Afroz Shaon. Riaz briefly served in the Bangladesh Air Force before joining the film industry.

Early life
Riaz was born in 1972 to an aristocratic Muslim family in Faridpur District, Bangladesh. Riaz is the youngest child in his family. He has six sisters and a brother, Raisuddin Ahamed Siddique. He was brought up in CNB staff quarters of Faridpur for the first sixteen years of his life. His father, the late Zainuddin Ahamed Siddique, was a government service holder. His mother was Arjumand Ara Begum. His paternal home is in Jessore District. His father died in 1988.

Military career

Riaz participated in the examinations to be a pilot in the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) right after his HSC results in 1988. He enrolled at the BAF Academy from 1989 to 1991 for flying training and to earn his bachelor's degree under Rajshahi University in science, he was commissioned as a Pilot Officer and became a fighter pilot in Bangladesh Air Force in 1991. However, he was dismissed from the air force in 1993, he was promoted till Flying Officer rank.

Acting career

After withdrawal from the BAF, Riaz moved to Dhaka in 1994. There he met his cousin, actress Bobita, and started his film career in 1995. Riaz was in Dewan Nazrul's commercially successful 1995 film Banglar Nayok, although the movie did not bring him personal popularity. In 1997, Mohammad Hannan's romantic film Praner Cheye Priyo was an extraordinary commercial success, and Riaz became popular soon after. He works with many renowned filmmakers in Bangladesh, and has acted in numerous films that have been commercially successful. He was also in filmmaker Mahesh Manjrekar's film It Was Raining That Night and has acted in the English language. In this film, he acted with Sushmita Sen for the first time. Now he has become a popular heartthrob to millions of people in the country.

Early in his career, Riaz played some romantic roles in films such as Praner Cheye Priyo, Hridoyer Aina (1997), Kajer Meye, Prithibi Tomar Amar, Bhalobasi Tomake (1998), Biyer Phul, Narir Mon (1999), E Badhon Jabena Chire, Nishwase Tumi Biswase Tumi, Bhownkor Bishu (2000), Hridoyer Bandhon, O Priya Tumi Kothay (2001), Premer Taj Mahal (2002), Moner Majhe Tumi (2003), Wrong Number (2004), Hridoyer Kotha (2006) and Akash Chhoa Bhalobasa (2008).

He has acted in some literary adaptations, and in his career he has portrayed many consecutive roles to wide critical acclaim in films such as Dui Duari (2000), Shasti: Punishment, Megher Pore Megh: Clouds After Cloud and Shyamol Chhaya: The Green Shadow (2004), Hajar Bachhor Dhore: Symphony of Agony (2005), Bidrohi Padma and Khelaghar: Dollhouse (2006), Daruchini Dip and Ekjon Songe Chhilo (2007), Megher Koley Rod: Sunshine in the Clouds, Ki Jadu Korila and Chandra Grohon: The Lunar Eclipse (2008), Ebadat: The Worship (2009) and Modhumoti (2011). Riaz also acted in Ogni Bolaka a drama that is based on Birshreshtho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman's life.

Personal life
Riaz married Mushfika Tina, a Tv host, also a dance teacher, in a traditional Muslim wedding ceremony on 18 December 2007.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Riaz has received Three National Film Awards for his unique contribution in the Bangladesh film industry. Acting for the films Dui Duari (2000) by Humayun Ahmed, Daruchini Dip (2007) by Tauquir Ahmed and Ki Jadu Korila (2008) by Chandan Chowdhury.

National Film Awards
Winner
 Best Actor for Dui Duari – 2000
 Best Actor for Daruchini Dwip – 2007
 Best Actor for Ki Jadu Korila – 2008

Meril Prothom Alo Awards
Winner
 Best Actor for Praner Cheye Priyo – 1998
 Best Actor for Shashur Bari Zindabad  – 2001
 Best Actor for Premer Taj Mahal – 2002
 Best Actor for Moner Majhe Tumi – 2003
 Best Actor for (Critics) Shasti: Punishment – 2004
 Best Actor (Critics) Hajar Bachhor Dhore: Symphony of Agony – 2005
 Best Actor for Hridoyer Kotha – 2006

See also
 Dhallywood
 Bangladeshi film actor
 Cinema of Bangladesh

References

External links

Male actors in Bengali cinema
Bangladeshi film producers
Bengali film producers
Bangladeshi television personalities
Bangladeshi male models
Actors from Dhaka
People from Faridpur District
People from Jessore District
Best Actor National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Living people
1972 births
Bangladeshi male film actors
21st-century Bangladeshi male actors
20th-century Bangladeshi male actors
Bengali male actors

Riaz (actor)


Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from, the Angles, England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term Anglosphere.  It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people of British descent in Anglo-America, the Anglophone Caribbean, South Africa, Namibia, Australia, and New Zealand. It is used in Canada to differentiate between the French speakers (Francophone) of mainly Quebec and some parts of New Brunswick, and the English speakers (Anglophone) in the rest of Canada. It is also used in the United States to distinguish the Latino population from the non-Latino white majority.

Anglo is a Late Latin prefix used to denote English- in conjunction with another toponym or demonym.  The word is derived from Anglia, the Latin name for England and still used in the modern name for its eastern region, East Anglia.  Anglia and England both mean land of the Angles, a Germanic people originating in the north German peninsula of Angeln, that is, the region of today's Lower Saxony that joins the Jutland Peninsula. (There are various hypotheses for the origin of the name 'Angeln'.)

It is also often used to refer to British in historical and other contexts after the Acts of Union 1707, for example such as in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, where in later years agreement was between the British government and the Dutch, not an English government. Typical examples of this use are also shown below, where non-English people from the British Isles are described as being Anglo.

Anglo is not an easily defined term.  For traditionalists, there are linguistic problems with using the word as an adjective or noun on its own.  For example, the purpose of the -o ending is to enable the formation of a compound term (for example Anglo-Saxon meaning of Angle and Saxon origin), so there is only an apparent parallelism between, for example, Latino and Anglo.  However, a semantic change has taken place in many English-speaking regions so that in informal usage the meanings listed below are common. The definition is changed in each region which defines how it is identified.

Specialized usage

Africa

The term Anglo-African has been used historically to self-identify by people of mixed British and African ancestry born in the United States and in Africa. The Anglo-African and The Weekly Anglo-African were the names of newspapers published by African American abolitionist Robert Hamilton (1819–1870) in New York during the American Civil War era. The Anglo-African was also the name of a newspaper published in Lagos (now part of Nigeria) from 1863 to 1865. It was founded and edited by Robert Campbell (1829–1884), a Jamaican born son of a Scottish father and Mulatto mother. The term has also been used historically to describe people living in the British Empire in Africa. The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book published in London in 1905 includes details of prominent British and Afrikaner people in Africa at that time.

Australia

In Australia, Anglo is used as part of the terms Anglo-Australian and Anglo-Celtic, which refer to the majority of Australians, who are of English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish descent.

Canada
In Canada, and especially in Canadian French, Anglophone is widely used to designate someone whose mother tongue is English, as opposed to Francophone, which describes someone whose mother tongue is French, and to Allophone, which describes someone whose mother tongue is a language other than English or French. Anglo-Métis is also sometimes used to refer to an ethnic group.

Israel
Jewish immigrants making Aliyah to the State of Israel are sometimes referred to as Anglos.

Scotland
In Scotland, and in related cultures, the term Anglo-Scot, sometimes shortened to Anglo or Anglos, is used to refer to people with some permutation of mixed Scottish-English ancestry, association and/or birth; such as English people of Scottish descent, Scottish people of English descent, or heavily Anglicised members of the Scottish nobility who are indistinguishable from English members of the British upper class and speak with a Received Pronunciation, or other elite Southron accent.

A great number of Anglo-Scots have made their mark in the fields of sport, politics, law, diplomacy, the Military history of the United Kingdom, medicine, engineering, technical invention, maritime history, geographical exploration, journalism and on the stage and screen. The London-born writer Ian Fleming being one such example of this mixed ancestry and his James Bond character being the preeminent fictional example of the Anglo-Scot.

At the same time, however, John Lorne Campbell, whose decades long work as a collector alongside his wife, American ethnomusicologist Margaret Fay Shaw, preserved countless works of Canadian Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic literature, Hebridean mythology and folklore, and Scottish traditional music that would otherwise have been lost, was also an Anglo-Scot. Campbell was raised to speak only Received Pronunciation English as an Argyllshire landlord at the height of the British Empire, but his decision as a young adult to reject the traditionally pro-English and pro-Empire politics of his family in favor of Scottish nationalism, decolonisation, and fighting for the survival of his threatened ancestral heritage language of Scottish Gaelic, may well be said to have changed the course of modern Scottish history. The modern Gaelic literary and language revivals, as well as the growing use of immersion schools in both Scotland and Nova Scotia are his legacy.

The term Anglo-Scot is often used to describe Scottish sports players who are based in England or playing for English teams, or vice versa. This is especially so in football, and notably so in Rugby union, where the Anglo Scots were a Scottish non-native select provincial District side that competed in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.

United States
In many parts of the United States, especially those with high Latino populations, the term "Anglo" is applied to white Americans who are not of Latino origin. In the Southwest United States, "Anglo", short for "Anglo American", is used as a synonym for non-Latino whites; that is European Americans, most of whom speak the English language, even those who are not necessarily of English or British descent. Some non-Latino whites in the United States who speak English but are not of English or British ancestry do not identify with the term "Anglo" and find the term offensive. For instance, some Cajuns in southern Louisiana use the term to refer to white people who do not have Francophone backgrounds. Irish Americans, the second largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States following German-Americans, also sometimes take umbrage at being called "Anglo".

Countries with significant populations
Although conceptions of "Anglo" identity vary from country to country, the below table provides estimates of native English-speaking "white" populations by country.

See also
Angles (tribe)
Anglo-Burmese people
Anglo-Celtic
Anglo-Indian
Anglo-Irish people
Anglo-Norman
Anglo-Saxon (disambiguation)
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Scottish border
Anglophile
Anglophobia
Anglosphere
Second Boer War
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

Notes

References

English culture
History of England
English diaspora

Anglo


The Cape Coast Nursing and Midwifery Training College is a public tertiary health institution in the Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana.  The college is in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly.  The activities of the institution is supervised by the Ministry of Health. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology awards a Diploma in Nursing after students from the institution have successfully completed a three-year nursing training programme. The institution is accredited by the National Accreditation Board. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (N&MC) regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the student nurses and midwives. The council's mandate is derived from the Health Professions Regulatory Bodies Act, 2013 (Act 857).

References

Nursing and midwifery colleges in Ghana

Cape Coast Nurses Training College


The Foxton Inclined Plane Trust is a waterway society and a registered charity on the Grand Union Canal at Foxton, Leicestershire, England, UK. It was founded in 1980 to promote the restoration of the Victorian boat lift or inclined plane, a unique and famous piece of canal history.

The Trust runs the Foxton Canal Museum which was opened in 1989 and is also the Trust headquarters, in the former boiler house.

It is campaigning for the full restoration of the boat lift, and it is a partner in the Foxton Locks Partnership, composed of British Waterways, the Inland Waterways Association, the Old Union Canals Society and local authorities.

The Foxton Locks Partnership has already obtained £1.78 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund for preliminary restoration works on the site, including:
re-watering an arm of the canal
dredging and repairing the bottom basin
replacing a missing bridge over the Harborough Arm
improving footpaths for better access to the  site

The Foxton Inclined Plane was opened in 1900, refurbished between 1909 and 1910, and closed in 1911. It was demolished in 1928.

The Inclined plane is part of a site which includes a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade II* listed staircase of locks.

See also
Foxton Locks with information about Lock staircases, and a section on the Foxton Inclined Plane
List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom

References

External links
Foxton Inclined Plane Trust website

UK Parliament, House of Commons Select Committee on Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: Memorandum submitted by the Foxton Inclined Plane Trust
Harborough District Council listing for Foxton Inclined Plane Trust
Harborough Mail: Inclined Plane Trust "Highly commended" in the Best Special Category for Leicestershire County Council Renaissance Heritage Awards
Heritage Lottery Fund grant of £ 1.78 million for Inclined Plane
British Waterways Press Release, 7 September 2005: Is Foxton Locks one of England's Seven Wonders?
British Waterways' Leisure website "Waterscape" - entry for Foxton Inclined Plane Trust
British Waterways Newsroom - Conservation of Foxton's famous Inclined Plane continues
Inland Waterways Association page on the Inclined Plane and the Trust
Community Archives - photo of the old inclined plane
Foxton Inclined Plane Boat Lift description

Waterways organisations in England
Canals in England
Charities based in Leicestershire

Foxton Inclined Plane Trust


Pierre Étaix (; 23 November 1928 – 14 October 2016) was a French clown, comedian and filmmaker. Étaix made a series of short- and feature-length films, many of them co-written by influential screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière. He won an Academy Award for best live action short film in 1963. Due to a legal dispute with a distribution company, his films were unavailable from the 1970s until 2009.

As an actor, assistant director and gag writer, Étaix worked with the likes of Jacques Tati, Robert Bresson, Nagisa Oshima, Otar Iosseliani and Jerry Lewis, the last of whom cast the comedian in his unreleased film The Day the Clown Cried.

Biography
Étaix was born in 1928 in Roanne, France. He was trained as a graphic designer and introduced to the art of stained glass by Théodore-Gérard Hanssen.  He settled in Paris where he worked as a magazine illustrator while performing in cabarets and music halls, such as The Golden Horse, The Three Donkeys, ABC, the Alhambra, Bobino and Olympia, and a circus performer with the clown Nino.

He met Jacques Tati in 1954 and worked as a draftsman and gagman on Tati's film Mon Oncle (1958), including the creation of the film's promotional poster, then as assistant director. According to many film critics as well as his fellow film makers, Pierre Étaix was a continuation of the great masters of slapstick and the comedy film the silent era such as Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Harry Langdon, Max Linder, Charlie Chaplin, and Laurel and Hardy.

His first feature films as director were The Suitor (1962) and Yoyo (1965), where he paid homage to the circus world. He then directed an anthology film of four shorts, As Long as You've Got Your Health (1966), and  The Great Love (1969).  Both of these were co-written with Carrière.

Faced with the scarcity of French circus artists, Étaix decided to found the National Circus School (1973) with Annie Fratellini, whom he married in 1969, and wore a white clown suit during tours of their own circus, having long played the tramp.

Etaix died from complications of an intestinal infection on 14 October 2016 in Paris. He was 87.

Jerry Lewis once remarked that twice in his life he understood what genius meant: the first time when he looked up the definition in a dictionary, and the second time when he met Pierre Etaix.

Awards
Louis Delluc Prize, 1962, for Le Soupirant
Special Diploma, 1963, for Le Soupirant at the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival
 Academy Award, Best Short Subject, Live Action Subjects (1963), for Heureux anniversaire  shared with Jean-Claude Carrière
 Telluride Film Festival Silver Medallion, 2011
 Aardman Slapstick Visual Comedy Award, 2012
 Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres, 2013
 Grand Prize of the SACD (Society of Dramatic Authors and Composers), 2013

Filmography

As director
Rupture (1961) short
Insomnie (1962) short, incorporated into As Long as You've Got Your Health 1971 edition)
Heureux Anniversaire (Happy Anniversary, 1962) short
Le Soupirant (The Suitor, 1962)
Yoyo (1965)
Tant qu'on a la santé (As Long As You've Got Your Health, 1966, re-edited 1971)
Le grand amour (1969)
Pays de cocagne (Land of Milk and Honey, 1971) documentary
L'âge de Monsieur est avancé (1987) TV film
Méliès 88: Rêve d'artiste (1988) TV short
J'écris dans l'espace (1989) documentary featurette
En pleine forme (Feeling Good, As Long as You've Got Your Health segment, deleted 1971, released standalone 2010)
Unreleased

 Nous n'irons plus au bois (1961) short

TV series episodes

 Souris noire (1987)

Performances
Pickpocket (1959) - second accomplice
Tire-au-flanc 62 (The Army Game, 1960) - Le chef de gare (uncredited)
Rupture (1961, Short) - L'homme qui reçoit une lettre de rupture
Une grosse tête (1962)
Heureux anniversaire (1962, Short) - Le mari
Le Soupirant (1962) - Pierre, the Suitor
Le Pèlerinage (1962, Short)
Yo Yo (1965) - Yoyo / le millionaire
Tant qu'on a la santé (As Long As We've Got Our Health, 1966) - Pierre
Le Voleur (The Thief of Paris, 1967) - Le pickpocket (uncredited)
Le Grand Amour (1969) - Pierre
I Clowns (1970, TV Movie) - Himself
Bel Ordure (1973)
Sérieux comme le plaisir (1975) - Le garçon d'étage
Noctuor (1978, Short)
La Métamorphose (1983, TV Movie)
Max, mon amour (1985) - Le détective / Detective
Nuit docile (1987) - SOS Amor
L'âge de monsieur est avancé (1987) - L'auteur
Henry & June (1990) - Henry's Friend No. 1
Jardins en automne (Gardens in Autumn, 2006)
Lucifer et moi (2008)
Micmacs à tire-larigot (2009) - L'inventeur des histoires drôles (uncredited)
Chantrapas (2010) - Le producteur français
Le Havre (2011) - Docteur Becker
Chant d'hiver (2015) - Marquis-clochard
Unreleased

 The Day the Clown Cried (1972, unreleased) - Gustav

References

External links

1928 births
2016 deaths
People from Roanne
French clowns
French male actors
French film directors
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Pierre Étaix


Anthony Downs (November 21, 1930October 2, 2021) was an American economist specializing in public policy and public administration. His research focuses included political choice theory, rent control, affordable housing, and transportation economics. He wrote a number of books including, An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957) and Inside Bureaucracy (1967), which have been major influences on the public choice school of political economy. In Downs's Law of Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion (1962), he accurately predicted that expanding expressways could not reduce traffic congestion, since demand would increase as well, and that reducing speeds increases capacity.

He served as a senior senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., member of faculty at the University of Chicago and a visiting fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco. Downs was also an elected fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Early life
James Anthony Downs was born on November 21, 1930, in Evanston, Illinois. His father was the founder of a consulting firm, Real Estate Research Corporation, and a frequent speaker on real estate related topics. He grew up in Park Ridge, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

He received a B.A. in international relations and political theory from Carleton College in 1952. During this time he was the elected president of the college student body. He would later credit this experience for some of his interests in studying democracy. He went to the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University on a scholarship to pursue his M.A. and Ph.D. in economics, obtaining his doctorate in 1956.

He enlisted in the Navy and served as an intelligence officer when he was drafted. During this time he also served on an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean Sea. He quit the service after three years to join his father's consulting firm and also briefly served as a member of the faculty at the University of Chicago.

Career
Downs served as a consultant to many of the nation's largest corporations and public institutions, including the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the White House. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to the National Commission on Urban Problems in 1967, and HUD Secretary Jack Kemp appointed him to the Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing in 1989. He was an officer or trustee of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

Democracy and the left–right continuum
In his seminal work, An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957), Downs introduced a left–right axis to economic theory. On the "left" he placed communist parties that want entirely state-planned economies, and on the "right" he placed conservative parties that demand an entirely deregulated economy.

He claimed that most voters have incomplete information when voting for political candidates in a democracy, and therefore will resort to economic issues of "how much government intervention in the economy there should be" and how parties will control this. Downs borrowed the curve from Harold Hotelling, who developed it to explain how grocery stores targeted customers. Downs's book has since become one of the most cited books in political science. His left–right axis model has been integrated into the median voter theory first articulated by Duncan Black.

In An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957), an early work in rational choice theory, Downs posited the paradox of voting, which claimed that significant elements of political life could not be explained in terms of voter self-interest. Downs showed that in democracies the aggregate distribution of political opinion forms a bell-shaped curve, with most voters possessing moderate opinions; he argued that this fact forces political parties in democracies to adopt centrist positions.

Housing and traffic policy
Later, Downs concerned himself with housing policy, writing about rent control and affordable housing. The Revolution in Real Estate Finance (1985) predicted a long-term housing slowdown and decrease in housing prices. Downs had involved himself with transportation economics.

In 1962, Downs published his Downs's Law of Peak-Hour Traffic Congestion. This law states that on urban commuter expressways, peak-hour traffic congestion rises to meet maximum capacity. Therefore, expanding the expressway network does not help against traffic jams. A complex set of forces lie behind this law, which were analyzed by presentation of a model of commuter decision-making and its underlying set of assumptions. Sometimes this effect is referred to as Induced demand. By the same token, e.g. the 1965 Highway Capacity Manual stated that the capacity of a highway or motorway increases with decreasing traffic speed, until its maximum capacity is reached at about 50 km/h (30 mph). (Cf. Braess's paradox.)

His book, Stuck in Traffic (1992), which detailed the economic disadvantages of traffic congestion and proposed road pricing as the only effective means of alleviating it, was denounced by traffic engineers for its insistence on the futility of congestion relief measures. However, enough of his gloomy predictions about congestion were proven correct that he successfully published a second edition, Still Stuck in Traffic (2004).

Downs's recommendations are starting to see implementation, largely in the form of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes in the medians of crowded American freeways, and through congestion pricing, already implemented in several cities around the world: Singapore (see Area Licensing Scheme and Electronic Road Pricing); London (see London congestion charge); Stockholm (see Stockholm congestion tax); Valletta, Malta; and Milan, Italy.

He joined the Brookings Institution, an American thinktank, in 1977. He continued his work on housing policies and traffic issues management at the institute.

He was the author or co-author of 24 books and more than 500 articles. His most influential books are An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957) and Inside Bureaucracy (1967); widely translated, both are credited as major influences on the public choice school of political economy.

He was a visiting fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in San Francisco, between 2004 and 2005.

Personal life
Downs met his first wife, Mary Katherine Watson, at a high-school prom. During this time, he challenged her to a game of chess, which she won. The couple were married in 1956. They had five children.  Kay died in 1998 from ovarian cancer. Downs later married his second wife Darian Dreyfuss Olsen.

Anthony Downs died of natural causes in Bethesda, Maryland, on October 2, 2021.

See also
 Rational choice theory
 Rational ignorance
 Induced demand

References

External links

 Simon Fraser University's City Program has a podcast of a presentation by him called, Shaping the Region's Future: Connecting Land Use and Transportation.

1930 births
2021 deaths
People from Evanston, Illinois
Economists from Illinois
Carleton College alumni
Stanford University alumni
Public choice theorists
RAND Corporation people
Brookings Institution people
Member of the Mont Pelerin Society

Anthony Downs


Aqua is the Latin word for water. It is sometimes as a prefix (such as aquaculture). It can also mean:

Aqua is also used by web site designers as a different name for the web colour cyan; aqua is also used for aquamarine by graphic designers and interior designers.
Aqua (Chicago), a skyscraper in Chicago.  It is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Aqua (band), a band from Denmark

Aqua


Luis Ibero Elia (11 July 1949 – 10 November 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was Mayor of Zizur Mayor between 1992 to 1995. Ibero was President of the Commonwealth of Pamplona 2003 until 2007. He was a member of the Convergence of Democrats of Navarre. Ibero was born in Pamplona, Spain.

Ibero died of COVID-19 on 10 November 2020 in Pamplona at the age of 71.

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Spanish mayors

Luis Ibero


"Over the River and Through the Wood" is a Thanksgiving poem by Lydia Maria Child. It appeared in the second volume of her Flowers for Children in 1844. The original title of the poem is, "The New-England Boy's Song About Thanksgiving Day".

Boston College writes: "Starting with the familiar line, "Over the river and through the wood", this poem is easily Child's most famous work. Child never revised the poem herself, but the verses changed over time, especially when they were set to music.

With its bouncing rhythms and high spirits, the poem draws on the writer's childhood memories of visiting her grandfather's house on Thanksgiving.  Having gained notoriety for her ideas about race, Child kept her antislavery ideals out of this volume in an effort to avoid controversy and boost sales. Flowers for Children contains only two stories involving race, and they both avoid addressing racial prejudice head on. In this nostalgic poem, Child takes us back to the simple pleasures of a family holiday."

References

19th-century American poems

1840s poems

Over the River and Through the Wood


The pandero is a musical instrument of the membranophone family consisting of a circular frame, often made of wood or plastic, with a single head of skin stretched over it. It is played in folk music of Latin-America, Spain and Portugal. In many of these countries, when the frame has pairs of small metal jingles, it is called pandereta. In some countries, terms pandero and pandereta are interchangeable. It is played by tapping the head with fingers or palm.

Gallery

References

 The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1. (2008). .

Membranophones

Pandero


Pratik Gandhi is an Indian actor. He is known for his work in Gujarati theatre and Gujarati cinema. He received wide acclaim for portraying Harshad Mehta in Sony LIV series Scam 1992 and also won a Filmfare OTT Award. He acted in several Hindi films thereafter.

Early life
Gandhi was born in Surat to parents who were teachers. He completed his schooling at V. D. Desai Wadiwala (Bhulka Bhavan) High School in Surat. He studied at Surat where he was involved in theatre arts. He graduated in Industrial Engineering from the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon in 2004. From 2004 to 2007, he worked with National Productivity Council in Satara and Pune. He later worked at Reliance Infrastructure (cement division) in Mumbai from January 2008 to 2016.

Acting career
Gandhi participated in the Gujarati play Aa Paar Ke Pele Paar. He played a role in the Gujarati film Bey Yaar (2014) and in plays Mere Piya Gaye Rangoon, Hu Chandrakant Bakshi and Ame Badha Sathe To Duniya Laiye Mathe. In Mohan's Masala, he performed a monologue in three languages, English, Hindi and Gujarati on the same day. He played a lead role in his next film, Wrong Side Raju (2016) which won the National Award for Best Gujarati Film. His next Gujarati films Love Ni Bhavai (2017) and Ventilator (2018) were commercially successful.

He played stockbroker Harshad Mehta in the 2020 Sony LIV biographical drama web series Scam 1992 directed by Hansal Mehta. He received wide acclaim for portraying Harshad Mehta.

Gandhi appeared in the 2021 Hindi film Bhavai where he played a lead. The film received mixed reviews. His next Hindi film was Atithi Bhooto Bhava was released in 2022. Gujarati film Vaahlam Jao Ne (2022) was his next release.

He will appear in Hindi film Dedh Bigha Zameen, written and directed by Pulkit. In July 2022, director Hansal Mehta announced a multi-season biographical web series on Mahatma Gandhi starring Pratik Gandhi in lead role.

Personal life
Gandhi's parents are teachers. He married actress Bhamini Oza in 2009 and their daughter Miraya was born in 2014.

Filmography

Theater

Films

Web series

Awards

References

External links

Living people
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Male actors in Gujarati-language films
Indian male stage actors
Indian male film actors
21st-century Indian male actors
People from Surat
Gujarati people
Actors from Gujarat
Gujarati theatre
1980 births

Pratik Gandhi


The Gladiators (1939) is the first novel by the author Arthur Koestler; it portrays the effects of the Spartacus revolt in the Roman Republic. Published in 1939, it was later reprinted in other editions.

Introduction
The book is the first of a trilogy, including Darkness at Noon (1940), and Arrival and Departure (1943), which address idealism going wrong.  This is a common theme in Koestler's work and life. Koestler uses his portrayal of the original slave revolt to examine the experience of the 20th-century political left in Europe following the rise of a Communist government in the Soviet Union.  He published it on the brink of World War II. Originally written in German, the novel was translated into English for other audiences and was published in 1939. In the UK it was translated by the German-born, British writer and artist Edith Simon. The manuscript of the German version, for which no publisher had been found, was lost during Koestler's flight at the Fall of France; the German edition finally published after the war had to be re-translated from English.

In 1998 the British critic Geoffrey Wheatcroft wrote of the novel:
"In The Gladiators, Koestler used Spartacus's revolt around 65BC to explore the search for the just city, the inevitable compromises of revolution, the conflict of ends and means, the question of whether and when it is justifiable to sacrifice lives for an abstract ideal."

Plot

In 73 BCE, forty gladiators escape from the school at Capua belonging to Lentulus Batiatus. Armed with stolen weapons and armour, they flee southwards and engage in a vengeful campaign of plunder and killing. Dozens of followers are attracted to their cause, including runaway slaves, freemen, idealistic townsfolk, and even entire families. Leadership falls nominally to Spartacus, a Thracian ex-soldier, and his friend Crixus, a Gaul tribesman.

Spartacus and Crixus work to turn the mob into a proper army, knowing that the Roman Senate will not tolerate their insurrection. They eventually retire to a more defensible position on Mount Vesuvius and obtain a major victory when they defeat a sizeable force of Roman militia sent to crush them. Still largely directionless, they move south into the Campania region, looting numerous towns to support themselves.

The rebels eventually divide into two large groups: Crixus and his followers head north to attack Rome itself. They are easily bested by the Senate's legions and those not killed in battle are crucified along the Appian Way. Crixus, however, survives and manages to rejoin Spartacus, now humbled and willing to follow his command. They establish a camp outside the coastal city of Thurium. The inhabitants, largely descended from Greek colonists conquered by Rome, are sympathetic to the rebels and feed them.

Spartacus, now styling himself Imperator, negotiates a truce with the ruling council of Thurium; the threat of his army coerces the councilors to grant the rebels all of their demands. They commence the building of the "Sun City", a new settlement where everyone is equal in rank, all goods are shared, and all work for the common good. Spartacus enforces new laws with harsh discipline. Fulvius, a former lawyer, commences to write a chronicle of the rebellion (which is never completed), and becomes the main political advisor to Spartacus.

With a growing and prosperous population, they receive emissaries from other polities and negotiate treaties and trade relations, even with the ruthless pirates that rule the nearby seas. Spartacus also tries to inspire more slave revolts throughout Roman territory but is largely unsuccessful. The situation grows more dire when Roman naval fleets manage to blockade the Sun City, cutting the rebels off from their allies and limiting their ability to sustain themselves. Doubts begin to arise as to Spartacus' handling of the city's affairs.

Upon learning that an attack has been carried out against the city of Metapontum, thus ruining his attempts at diplomacy, Spartacus has the surviving attackers crucified. Word arrives that the wealthy senator Crassus will soon arrive with eight legions. Spartacus resorts to bribing the pirates for passage to Sicily; the pirates then quickly sail away after lying to him about needing to prepare their ships. The rebels finally depart on foot, leaving the Sun City to burn rather than let the Romans capture it. A group led by Crixus sacrifice themselves to hold back Crassus. Spartacus tries to negotiate an honourable surrender, but the senator is eager for glory and refuses.

With no choice left, Spartacus and his army prepare for their last stand. Most, including Spartacus himself, are slain. The survivors, nearly six thousand in number, are crucified on Crassus' order along the road he and his legions take as they return to Rome victorious.

Reception

The novel is generally not as well known to English-speaking audiences as the later American novel on this topic, Spartacus (1951), by Howard Fast, a bestseller adapted for Stanley Kubrick's award-winning 1960 film of the same name, which reached wide audiences and stimulated sales of Fast's novel.

See also

 Spartacus (1951) novel by Howard Fast, which was adapted for the 1960 film.
 Spartacus, 1931 novel by the Scottish writer Lewis Grassic Gibbon.

References

1939 British novels
Novels by Arthur Koestler
Novels about Spartacus
British historical novels
Jonathan Cape books
Novels set in the 1st century BC
1939 debut novels

The Gladiators (novel)


The Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Latin: "Deeds of the divine Augustus") is a funerary inscription detailing the life and achievements of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus.  The original inscription, which has not survived, was engraved upon a pair of bronze pillars which were placed in front of Augustus' mausoleum.  Various copies of the text were found throughout the Roman Empire, the most notable being a nearly full copy, written in both Greek and Latin, found preserved on a temple dedicated to Augustus in Ankara, Turkey.  Most historians have concluded that Augustus wrote several versions during his life and kept updating them until the final version which is usually dated to the same year as Augustus' death in 14 AD.

As a source, the Res Gestae is not fully accurate.  Whilst not lying, he does not mention some things such as his proscriptions of his enemies.  He refers to his rival Marc Antony as 'a faction'.  The inscription says much about the money he spent on the people, Rome and the empire.  It also says frequently that he has "restored the republic" and only gains his titles because of the universal support from the people and, most importantly, the Senate.

Sections
The Res Gestae Divi Augusti is grouped into four sections:

 Political career (jobs held)
 Gifts to the People
 Military achievements
 Political summary

Other websites
 http://classics.mit.edu/Augustus/deeds.html

History books
Autobiographies
1st-century books

Res Gestae Divi Augusti


North Star is a 1996 American Western film starring James Caan, Christopher Lambert and Catherine McCormack. Directed by Nils Gaup, it was written by Sergio Donati and loosely based on Henry Wilson Allen's 1956 Western novel The North Star. Lambert executive produced the film.

Plot summary
At the beginning of the Nome Gold Rush in 1899, Sean McLennon (Caan), a Scots-Irish-American land baron, owns the majority of property titles surrounding Nome and declares that only American citizens are legally entitled to placer claims. He uses power, influence and nationalism to make local politics and law enforcement work in his favor. Unbeknownst to those outside of McLennon's gang, the original owners of the land were all killed on McLennon's orders.

The gang's latest target, Hudson Santeek (Lambert) narrowly escapes the attempt on his life but not before witnessing McLennon's right-hand thug, Reno (Burt Young) murder Santeek's adoptive father - an elderly Athabaskan tribal chief - in cold blood. Santeek, who is half white and half American Indian, had "purchased" his surrogate family's land in a bid to keep miners away.

Santeek returns to Nome to confront McLennon at knifepoint in his bedroom, but Sarah (McCormack) McLennon's young Irish immigrant trophy wife, intervenes at gunpoint; McLennon disarms Santeek and the two engage in a fight. After Santeek floors McLennon, he kidnaps Sarah, steals a dogsled and rides off into the Alaskan wilderness. Without the permission of the local sheriff, McLennon forms a posse and treks out into the tundra to kill Santeek and rescue his wife.

On the course of the journey, Santeek talks to his captive about her husband's murderous property deed scams, but she does not immediately believe him and re-avows her loyalty to her husband. However, when McLennon and his men locate Santeek's cabin hideout and shoot at it indiscriminately, Sarah pleas for her husband not to kill her abductor. McLennon notices that she is wearing a shirt made of animal skin that Santeek had given to her earlier to keep her warm. He erroneously assumes that she betrayed him and had an affair with Santeek. Calling her a "whore," he disowns her and orders his men to continue firing at Santeek's cabin.

Santeek escapes while his pet wolf fatally lunges at the throat of one of the posse gunmen. Santeek's wolf then attacks the gang's sled dogs, but Reno shoots and kills the animal. With no clear objective and unfamiliarity with the freezing, unpredictable terrain, members
of McLennon's posse begin to turn on one another, but McLennon kills the burnouts in his gang and sets out to finish the job he started.

Meanwhile, back in Nome, Col. Henry Johnson (Jacques Francois) and the U.S. Marshals begin their own investigation of McLennon's land seizures, noticing that all of the original trustees are mysteriously deceased and that Santeek (the most recent disseisee) was witnessed in town alive. On the basis of this discrepancy, the federals declare Martial Law on Nome and accompany the town's top lawman, Sheriff Lamont (Nicholas Hope) to bring McLennon and Santeek back for questioning. The enforcers locate McLennon and his gang, but McLennon refuses to obey their orders and the posse shoot Lamont and the other officials to death.

McLennon and the surviving members of his gang eventually track and corner Santeek in a glacier cave. While Santeek scuffles with Reno, McLennon tips over a wood totem and Reno and Santeek slide down and fall through the sheath of a frozen lake. Reno drowns during the struggle, while Santeek, with his naturalist survival skills, makes it out of the icy water alive.

Once again thinking that Santeek is dead, McLennon returns to Nome alone and conducts another town speech, reaffirming his mining policies to the chagrin of immigrant prospectors and the delight of his cronies. However, Johnson and the U.S. Marshals interrupt the huddle and arrest McLennon for the murder of sheriff Lamont and the other constables. Sarah, McLennon's disillusioned wife, had witnessed the massacre and ultimately informed on him.

Soon after, Santeek returns to town to settle scores with the incarcerated McLennon, but finds the former had escaped from his cell and slit the throats of the jailguards in the process. McLennon breaks into his loft apartment (above the saloon which he had owned) and attempts to kill Sarah for turning on him, but Santeek appears behind McLennon and plunges a dagger into his back.

Cast
 James Caan as Sean McLennon
 Christopher Lambert as Hudson Saanteek
 Catherine McCormack as Sarah
 Burt Young as Reno
 Morten Faldaas as Smiley
 Jacques François as Col. Henry Johnson
 Mary M. Walker as Haina
 Renny Hoalona Loren as Cheelik
 Frank Salsedo as Nakki
 Reidar Sørensen as Bjorn Svenson
 Hilde Grythe as Hannah Svenson
 Sverre Anker Ousdal as Lindberg
 Nicholas Hope as Sheriff Lamont
 Frank Krog as Big Tim
 Norman Charles as Tonga

Production
Although set in the U.S. state of Alaska, the movie was shot entirely in Norway in Maridalen, Møsvatn, and Orre bach.

References

External links

1996 Western (genre) films
1996 independent films
1996 films
Films about Native Americans
Films based on American novels
Films based on Western (genre) novels
Films set in 1899
Films set in Alaska
Films shot in Norway
American independent films
Northern (genre) films
Regency Enterprises films
Warner Bros. films
American Western (genre) films
Films with screenplays by Paul Ohl
Films with screenplays by Sergio Donati
Films scored by John Scott (composer)
Films based on works by Henry Wilson Allen
1990s English-language films
1990s American films

North Star (1996 film)


Lobsang Palden Yeshe (1738–1780) () was the sixth Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. He was the elder stepbrother of the 10th Shamarpa, Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso (1742–1793).

The Panchen Lama was distinguished by his writings and interest in the world. In 1762 he gave the Eighth Dalai Lama his pre-novice ordination at the Potala Palace and named him Jamphel Gyatso.

He befriended George Bogle, a Scottish adventurer and diplomat who had made an expedition to Tibet and stayed at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse from 1774-1775. He negotiated with Warren Hastings, the Governor of India, through Bogle. The Rājā of Bhutan invaded Cooch Behar (in the plains of Bengal - neighboring British India), in 1772 and Palden Yelde, tutor to the young Dalai Lama at the time, helped arbitrate the negotiations.

He also had dealings with Lama Changkya Hutukhtu, Counsellor of the Emperor of China and chief advisor on Tibetan affairs, about speculations that the Chinese god of war and patron of the Chinese dynasty, Guandi (Kuan-ti), was identical with Gesar, the hero of Tibet's main epic story, who was prophesied to return from Shambhala to Tibet to help it when the country and Buddhism were in difficulties. Others believed Guandi/Gesar was an incarnation of the Panchen Lama. Palden Yeshe wrote a half-mystical book about the road to Shambhala, the Prayer of Shambhala, incorporating real geographical features.

In 1778, the Qianlong Emperor invited Palden Yeshe to Beijing to celebrate his 70th birthday. He left with a huge retinue in 1780 and was greeted along the way by Chinese representatives. To mark the occasion, Qianlong ordered the construction of Xumi Fushou Temple, based on the design of Tashilhunpo Monastery, at the Chengde Mountain Resort. When Palden Yeshe reached Beijing, he was showered with riches and shown the honour normally given to the Dalai Lama. However, he contracted smallpox and died in Beijing on November 2, 1780.

Palden Yeshe's stepbrother, the 10th Shamarpa Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso, had hoped to inherit some of the riches given to his brother in Beijing after his death. When this didn't happen, he conspired with the Nepalese who sent a Gurkha army in 1788 which took control of Shigatse. The Shamarpa, however, did not keep his side of the bargain and the Gurkha army returned three years later to claim their spoils, but the Chinese sent an army to support the Tibetans and drove them back to Nepal in 1792.

The tombs from the Fifth to the Ninth Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the 10th Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.

References

1738 births
1780 deaths
Deaths from smallpox
Panchen Lama 06
Infectious disease deaths in China
18th-century Tibetan people

Lobsang Palden Yeshe, 6th Panchen Lama


Pieter de Jode II or Pieter de Jode the Younger (1606–1674) was a Flemish Baroque printmaker, draughtsman, painter and art dealer.  A scion of an important dynasty of printmakers active in Antwerp, he created many prints after the works of leading painters and was a close collaborator of Anthony van Dyck for whom he engraved many portraits.

Life
Pieter de Jode II was born in Antwerp in 1606, where he was baptized on 24 November of that year. He learned drawing and engraving from his father, Pieter de Jode I (1570–1634), a leading printmaker in Antwerp who had travelled to Italy and whose engravings were a source for the Flemish painter and artist biographer Karel van Mander. His grandfather was the cartographer and printmaker Gerard de Jode. He was admitted as a master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in the Guild year 1628–1629.

He travelled to Paris with his father in 1631–1632 to work on some print projects mainly of portraits. On his return in 1635 de Jode married Elizabeth Loemans, the daughter of the Antwerp engraver Aernout Loemans. Their son Arnold (1638–1667) was baptized on 10 March 1638. He would later visit England where his son Arnold who had studied with him was working as a printmaker. Mattheus Borrekens was also a pupil of Pieter de Jode II in 1634–35.

When his first wife died in 1642, the inventory made showed they were relatively prosperous.  De Jode remarried in 1648 to Clara van den Enden, the sister or daughter of the publisher Martinus van den Enden the Elder. His second wife died around 1653.

It is not clear when and where he died.  Possibly he died in England in or after 1674, the date of his last known print.

Work

It has been difficult to distinguish the works of Pieter de Jode the elder and Pieter the younger, since the latter likely only signed his prints with junior before his father's death in 1634.  His earliest prints reflect the dry style and technique of his father but he later developed a looser, more painterly style.

He and his father were among the engravers selected by Anthony van Dyck for his Iconographie, a series that was published over several decades and was a compendium of portraits of famous people.

After the death of van Dyck, he continued to work on the Iconographie series, in collaboration with other engravers employed by the publisher Gillis Hendricx in Antwerp.  He would also work on portrait series for other publishers as well as have an extensive practice as a reproductive artist.

References

External links

1606 births
1674 deaths
17th-century engravers
Flemish engravers
Flemish Baroque painters
Artists from Antwerp

Pieter de Jode II


Telangana Housing Board earlier known as City Improvement Board is public sector corporation under Government of Telangana located in Hyderabad, Telangana. Its activities are to facilitate affordable housing to the citizens of Telangana. The board, which was formerly known as City Improvement Board until 1960, was conceived by Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII in 1911.

History

In the early 20th century, Nizams-ruled Hyderabad was affected by the large-scale flooding of the Musi river in 1908 and a deadly plague in 1911. This led to a decrease in population in the city. Then-Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, who had just occupied the throne, was aware of these problems. Together with his ministers and city planners, the Nizam decided to improve the sanitation and hygiene of the city. The City Improvement Board was formed in 1912 with the Nizam's son Moazzam Jah as its President. The mandate of this entity was to bring about planned development of the city with its specific tasks being improvement of slums, housing for poor, acquiring open lands, underground drainage, road widening schemes and laying of roads to enable the use  of buses. Sir Visvesvarayya was also requested to contribute with his ideas for the further improvement of the city. The board commenced operations at a building in Basheerbagh, which was built with a Regional Mughal Variation-styled architecture, and continued here for over four decades.

The board took up activities such as rehabilitation of slums in Dabeerpura, Sultan Shahi, Mughalpura, Nampally and Gunfoundry, Red Hills, Mallepally and those that were lined along the banks of Musi River. The board is also credited with the construction of the Nizamia Tibbi Hospital (near Charminar), Pathergatti complex, Moazzam Jahi Market, Andhra Pradesh High Court, Osmania Hospital and the City College. The architecture of domes and arches that was used for these projects became known as the CIB or the Osmanian style. Besides this, the board enhanced the look of Hyderabad by constructing elaborate gardens, planned housing colonies, potable drinking water supply, underground drainage with separate stormwater drains, wide roads and bus and train services, much before many of the major cities of India.

The Town Improvement Trust of Secunderabad was formed in the year 1931 with more or less similar objectives with emphasis on development of lands.

Aims and Objectives
The main objective of the Housing Board is to provide housing accommodation to the needy citizens at an affordable price.

The Telangana Housing Board is engaged in the following activities :

Construction of houses under integrated / Composite Housing Schemes and allotment of houses under Lower Income Group, Middle Income Group and Higher Income Group categories.
Self-Financing Scheme for Higher Income Group and Middle Income Group # Sites and Services
Construction of shops, Commercial Complexes and Multistoried Buildings to be let out on rent to augment financial resources of the Board.

References

State agencies of Telangana
Companies based in Hyderabad, India
Housing organisations based in India
Indian companies established in 2014
Companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Telangana

Telangana Housing Board


Cipriano Andrade (September 1, 1840 – June 18, 1911) was born in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.  He served in the United States Navy for forty years and attained the rank of rear admiral.  He died in South Norwalk, Connecticut.

Early life and education
Andrade was born in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, on September 1, 1840.  He attended public and private schools in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  He studied engineering at the Franklin Institute.

Military career

He entered the naval service as a third assistant engineer July 1, 1861. During the Civil War, he served on board the USS Lancaster, August 1861 – October 1863.  He was promoted to second assistant engineer on December 18, 1862.  He served on board the USS Pontiac December 1863 to June 1865.  He was promoted to first assistant engineer on January 30, 1865, serving on various station and on various vessels of the Navy.

He was promoted to chief engineer on September 1, 1881, serving on board the USS Ashuelot until November 1881.  He served as inspector of coal at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 1882 to February 1884. He served on board the USS Yantic from February 1884 to October 1885.  He served on board the USS Swatara from October 1885 to October 1886. He was then assigned special duty at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from August 1887 to April 1889.

He served on board the USS Yorktown from April 1889 to September 1891.  He then was assigned Inspector of machinery for the USS Columbia from September 1891 to April 1894. He served on board the USS Columbia from April 1894 to January 1895.  Andrade attained the relative rank of commander September 12, 1894.  He served on board the USS New York, January 1895 to April 1897; board duty at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 1897 to May 1898; attained the rank of captain February 7, 1898. During the Spanish–American War he served on duty with the Interior Coast Defense System from May 1898 to July 1898.  Andrade was assigned to duty to examine vessels at Santiago, Cuba, in July 1898, and completed that duty in August, 1898.  He was as a member of the board of inspection and survey for the Navy Department in Washington, D.C. October 1898 to July 1901, this being his last active duty.

His title was changed by law to captain March 3, 1899, and July 1, 1901, he was transferred to the retired list of the Navy with the rank of rear admiral, on his own application after the completion of 40 years of service.

Personal life
Andrade married Annie A. Berry on June 1, 1870. He died at South Norwalk, Connecticut, on June 18, 1911 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.

References

External links

United States Navy rear admirals
People from Tampico, Tamaulipas
1911 deaths
1840 births
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

Cipriano Andrade