The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (usually referred to as F&SF) is a U.S. fantasy and science fiction magazine, first published in 1949 by Mystery House, a subsidiary of Lawrence Spivak's Mercury Press.  Editors Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas had approached Spivak in the mid-1940s about creating a fantasy companion to Spivak's existing mystery title, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.  The first issue was titled The Magazine of Fantasy, but the decision was quickly made to include science fiction as well as fantasy, and the title was changed correspondingly with the second issue.  F&SF was quite different in presentation from the existing science fiction magazines of the day, most of which were in pulp format: it had no interior illustrations, no letter column, and text in a single-column format, which in the opinion of science fiction historian Mike Ashley "set F&SF apart, giving it the air and authority of a superior magazine".

F&SF quickly became one of the leading magazines in the science fiction and fantasy fields, with a reputation for publishing literary material and including more diverse stories than its competitors.  Well-known stories that appeared in its early years include Richard Matheson's "Born of Man and Woman", and Ward Moore's Bring the Jubilee, a novel of an alternative history in which the South has won the American Civil War.  McComas left for health reasons in 1954, but Boucher continued as sole editor until 1958, winning the Hugo Award for Best Magazine that year, a feat his successor, Robert Mills, repeated in the next two years.  Mills was responsible for publishing Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes, Rogue Moon by Algis Budrys, Starship Troopers by Robert Heinlein, and the first of Brian Aldiss's Hothouse stories.  The first few issues mostly featured cover art by George Salter, Mercury Press's art director, but other artists soon began to appear, including Chesley Bonestell, Kelly Freas, and Ed Emshwiller.

In 1962, Mills was succeeded as editor by Avram Davidson.  When Davidson left at the end of 1964, Joseph Ferman, who had bought the magazine from Spivak in 1954, took over briefly as editor, though his son Edward soon began doing the editorial work under his father's supervision.  At the start of 1966, Edward Ferman was listed as editor, and four years later, he acquired the magazine from his father and moved the editorial offices to his house in Connecticut.  Ferman remained editor for over 25 years, and published many well-received stories, including Fritz Leiber's "Ill Met in Lankhmar", Robert Silverberg's "Born with the Dead", and Stephen King's The Dark Tower series.  In 1991, he turned the editorship over to Kristine Kathryn Rusch, who began including more horror and dark fantasy than had appeared under Ferman.  In the mid-1990s, circulation began to decline; most magazines were losing subscribers and F&SF was no exception.  Gordon Van Gelder replaced Rusch in 1997, and bought the magazine from Ferman in 2001, but circulation continued to fall, and by 2011, it was below 15,000.  Charles Coleman Finlay took over from Van Gelder as editor in 2015. Sheree Renée Thomas succeeded Charles Coleman Finlay, becoming the magazine's 10th editor in the fall of 2020.

Publication history

Lawrence Spivak

The first magazine dedicated to fantasy, Weird Tales, appeared in 1923; it was followed in 1926 by Amazing Stories, the first science fiction (sf) magazine.  By the end of the 1930s, the genre was flourishing in the United States, nearly twenty new sf and fantasy titles appearing between 1938 and 1941.  These were all pulp magazines, which meant that despite the occasional high-quality story, most of the magazines presented badly written fiction and were regarded as trash by many readers.  In 1941, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine appeared, edited by Fred Dannay and focusing on detective fiction.  The magazine was published in digest format, rather than pulp, and printed a mixture of classic stories and fresh material.  Dannay attempted to avoid the sensationalist fiction appearing in the pulps, and soon made the magazine a success.

In the early 1940s Anthony Boucher, a successful writer of fantasy and sf and also of mystery stories, got to know Dannay through his work on the Ellery Queen radio show.  Boucher also knew J. Francis McComas, an editor who shared his interest in fantasy and SF.  By 1944 McComas and Boucher became interested in the idea of a fantasy companion to Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, and spoke to Dannay about it.  Dannay was interested in the idea, but paper was scarce because of World War II.  The following year Boucher and McComas suggested that the new magazine could use the Ellery Queen name, but Dannay knew little about fantasy and suggested instead that they approach Lawrence Spivak, the owner of Mercury Press, which published Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine.

In January 1946, Boucher and McComas went to New York and met with Spivak, who let them know later in the year that he wanted to go ahead.  At Spivak's request they began acquiring material for the new magazine, including a new story by Raymond Chandler, and reprint rights to stories by H.P. Lovecraft, John Dickson Carr, and Robert Bloch.  Spivak initially planned the first issue (for which Boucher and McComas were proposing the title Fantasy and Horror) for early 1947, but repeatedly delayed the launch because of poor newsstand sales of digest magazines.  He also suggested that it should be priced at 35 cents an issue, which was higher than the original plan, to provide a financial buffer against poor sales.  In May 1949 Spivak suggested a new title, The Magazine of Fantasy, and in August a press release announced that the magazine would appear in October.  On October 6, 1949, Spivak, Boucher and McComas held a luncheon at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Edgar Allan Poe and to launch "a new fantasy anthology periodical".  Invitees included Carr, Basil Rathbone, and Boris Karloff.

The first issue, published by Fantasy House, a subsidiary of American Mercury, sold 57,000 copies, which was less than Spivak had hoped for, but in November he gave Boucher and McComas the go-ahead for another issue.  The title was changed to The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (almost always abbreviated to F&SF by both fans and science fiction historians) to reflect the contents.  Sales of the second issue were strong enough for Spivak to commit further, and the magazine's future became more assured, despite the difficulties caused by the fact that both Boucher and McComas lived on the west coast, whereas the magazine's publishing offices were in New York.  The publishing schedule moved to bimonthly with the December 1950 issue.  The pay rate for the early issues was two cents per word, or $100 for short pieces, which was competitive with Astounding Science Fiction, the leading sf magazine of the day.  By 1953 the rates had changed to three-and-a-half cents per word for stories under 3,000 words.

In 1951, McComas, who had a full-time job in sales on top of his role as editor of F&SF, was forced to reduce his workload for health reasons.  Boucher then did most of the reading and editing, while McComas reviewed the results and occasionally vetoed a story.  In August the following year the schedule switched to monthly.  In 1954 Spivak sold his shares in Mercury Press to his general manager, Joseph Ferman; that year also saw McComas's departure—his health had deteriorated to the point where he had to give up the editing post completely.

The Fermans and Gordon Van Gelder

In 1957 Ferman launched a companion magazine, Venture Science Fiction, which was intended to focus on more action-oriented fiction than F&SF.  Boucher was unable to take on the extra work, so Robert P. Mills, who had been the managing editor for F&SF, became Ventures editor, with Boucher in an advisory role.  Later that year Ferman sold Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine to Bernard Davis, who was leaving Ziff-Davis to start his own publishing venture.  Ferman retained F&SF, though Boucher departed, and Mills became the editor of F&SF while remaining managing editor of Queen's magazine.  Mills stayed for over three years, leaving at the end of 1961 to spend more time working as a literary agent, and Ferman replaced him with Avram Davidson, whose name first appeared on the masthead with the April 1962 issue.  Joseph Ferman's son Edward had worked for the magazine as an editorial assistant in the 1950s, but left in 1959 to gain experience elsewhere; he returned in 1962, and worked under Davidson as managing editor.  In 1963 Ted White, later the editor of Amazing Stories, became assistant editor, and stayed with the magazine until 1968.

Davidson gave up the editor's chair in late 1964 in order to have more time to write, and was initially replaced by Joseph Ferman, who handed over control to his son Edward from May 1965, though the masthead did not reflect the change till 1966.  Four years later the younger Ferman took over from his father as publisher as well, and moved the editorial and publishing offices to his house in Cornwall, Connecticut.  His wife, Audrey, was business manager, and Andrew Porter was an assistant editor.  In the early 1970s Ferman contacted Sol Cohen, the owner of Amazing Stories and Fantastic Stories, two competing sf magazines, about purchasing them both.  Ferman was considering combining them into a single magazine and publishing them alongside F&SF, but Cohen decided to keep both titles.

In 1969, an issue of F&SF was priced at 50 cents; by the end of the 1970s the price had gone up to $1.25, although the page count also rose, from 128 to 160 pages.  Circulation did not suffer, but rose from 50,000 to over 60,000, partly because of subscription drives through Publishers' Clearing House, and perhaps also because the magazine's quality remained consistent throughout the decade.  In Ashley's words, "F&SF delivered the goods month after month": the schedule was reliable, the format remained unchanged, and the editor remained the same from 1965 throughout the next two decades and more.  Ferman managed to keep the circulation above 50,000, and sometimes above 60,000, during the 1980s when most other magazines were losing subscribers.  He turned over the editorship to Kristine Kathryn Rusch in 1991, and by the mid-1990s circulation began to fall again.  In 1997 Gordon Van Gelder took over as editor, and from the February 2001 issue was publisher as well, having bought the magazine from Ferman.  John Joseph Adams was Van Gelder's assistant editor from 2001 until December 2009.  Van Gelder was unable to arrest the decline in circulation, which by 2011 was down to less than 15,000.  Van Gelder reduced the publication frequency to bimonthly, increasing the page count and price.  Charles Coleman Finlay guest-edited the July/August 2014 issue, and was hired in 2015 as full-time editor, beginning with the March/April 2015 issue.  Sheree Renée Thomas was hired as editor, beginning with the March/April 2021 issue.

Contents and reception

Boucher, McComas, Mills and Davidson
Boucher and McComas's original goal for the new magazine was to imitate the formula that had made Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine successful: classic reprints, along with quality fiction that avoided the excesses of the pulps.  The initial proposal called for the magazine to include fantasy, but not science fiction.  Even before the launch, the editors found they were having trouble deciding exactly where the boundary lay, so when in February 1949 Joseph Ferman, Spivak's general manager, asked them to add sf to the lineup as a way to broaden the readership, they were happy to comply.  The first issue included only one story that could be called science fiction: Theodore Sturgeon's "The Hurkle Is a Happy Beast"; it also included reprints from the slick magazines by writers such as Richard Sale, and Guy Endore.  The interior layout was quite different from the existing fantasy and sf magazines: there were no interior illustrations, and the text was printed in a single column, instead of two as was usual elsewhere.  There was a book review column, but no letters page.  According to sf historian Mike Ashley, this "set F&SF apart, giving it the air and authority of a superior magazine".  The logo design and layout were the work of Mercury Press's art director, George Salter, whose background was in book design rather than in pulp magazines.  Salter remained with the magazine until 1958.  He was responsible for many of the surreal early covers; these gave way to work by other artists, but his design for F&SF remained intact for decades, and in Ashley's opinion the consistency of appearance has been "one of the major selling points" of the magazine.

When the second issue appeared, with the title revised to include "Science Fiction", there was no announcement of the change, and not much more science fiction than in the first issue.  Damon Knight contributed one example, "Not with a Bang", which Knight has described as his first fully professional story.  The next issue included Richard Matheson's first sale, "Born of Man and Woman", widely considered one of the finest stories F&SF ever published.  Over the next few years several writers became strongly associated with the magazine, including Margaret St. Clair, Reginald Bretnor, Miriam Allen deFord, and Zenna Henderson, and Boucher was also able to attract some of the best-known established names, such as Arthur C. Clarke, Fritz Leiber, and Ray Bradbury.  Fletcher Pratt and L. Sprague de Camp began their "Gavagan's Bar" series of stories in the first issue of F&SF, and Manly Wade Wellman published the first of his "John the Balladeer" stories in the December 1951 issue.  The focus was on short fiction; serials and novels were mainly avoided.  One exception was Ward Moore's Bring the Jubilee, an alternative history set in a world where the South wins the American Civil War.  Boucher bought "A Canticle for Leibowitz" from Walter M. Miller, who had been unable to sell it elsewhere, and printed it in the April 1955 issue; it was the first story in the series that would become the novel of the same name, and has since become recognized as a classic of the genre.

A controversial article by the astronomer R.S. Richardson titled "The Day After We Land on Mars" appeared in the December 1955 issue; Richardson commented that an exploration of other worlds would require "the men stationed on a planet [to be] openly accompanied by women to relieve the sexual tensions that develop among normal healthy males".  Responses by Poul Anderson and Miriam Allen deFord appeared in F&SF the following year.  DeFord argued that Richardson was assuming that women were not people in the same way as men, and the controversy has since been cited as part of the long debate within the genre about the image of women in science fiction.

In 1958 F&SF won its first Hugo Award for Best Magazine, and when Mills became editor that year he maintained the high standards Boucher had set, winning the award again in 1959 and 1960.  Mills continued to publish a broad range of material without limiting the magazine to particular subgenres.  Ashley cites John Collier, Robert Arthur, Allen Drury, and Ray Bradbury, all authors with mainstream reputations who appeared in F&SF in 1960, as evidence of the magazine's diversity.  Daniel Keyes had been unable to sell "Flowers for Algernon" until Mills bought it in 1959; it went on to win several awards and according to Clute and Nicholls is "arguably the most popular sf novel ever published".  Rogue Moon, a novel about a deadly artifact left by aliens on the moon, is often considered Algis Budrys's best novel; it appeared in 1960, and the following year saw Brian Aldiss's "Hothouse", the first in that series. (Budrys later said that what he described as the "cuteness of the early F&SF school of editing—and its open contempt for the accomplishments of the Campbellian school" had resulted in "buckets and buckets of froth" but, more favorably, "Liberal Arts concepts in what had been almost exclusively a B. S. field".) Zenna Henderson's stories of The People, a group of refugee humanoid aliens hiding on Earth, were published through the 1950s and 1960s and became a "central feature" of the magazine according to sf critic John Clute.  Boucher published Damon Knight's "The Country of the Kind", described by Ashley as "one of his most potent stories from the fifties", in 1956, and the same year, under the pseudonym "Grendel Briarton", Reginald Bretnor began a series of punning stories known as "Feghoots" that lasted until 1964.  At the end of the 1950s, during Mills' tenure as editor, Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers was serialized in F&SF, under the title Starship Soldier; this was intended to be a juvenile novel but was rejected by Scribner's for being too violent.  It won the Hugo Award in the novel category the following year, and proved to be one of Heinlein's most controversial books.

Among the cover artists in the first decade, sf historian and critic Thomas Clareson singles out the early astronomical scenes by Chesley Bonestell as being the most notable; these were among the first to replace George Salter's surreal artwork on the cover.  Kelly Freas and Ed Emshwiller, two of the most popular artists in the sf field, also contributed covers during the 1950s.  Mel Hunter began contributing covers with the November 1953 issue, and in October 1955 began a long-running series of covers that depicted a robot survivor of a nuclear holocaust engaging in human activities amidst the desolation—watering a flower, playing with toys, or reading a store catalog, for example.  A regular book review column appeared, titled "Recommended Reading"; it was signed simply "The Editors" until McComas ceased to be one of the co-editors, after which Boucher used his own name.  According to Clareson, the column "long remained the most catholic appraisal of the field" because of the variety of works reviewed.  Boucher did not review his own fiction in the column, though on at least one occasion he listed a new book of his, telling the reader: "Comments eagerly welcomed; in this case, you are the reviewer".  When Boucher left, he was succeeded by Damon Knight as book reviewer; Alfred Bester took over in 1960 and remained in the role until Avram Davidson became the book reviewer when he took the editorial chair.  Isaac Asimov had begun a series of science articles for Venture Science Fiction in January 1958, and when Venture was cancelled Mills brought the science column over to F&SF. The column, which according to Asimov he enjoyed writing more than any of his other works, ran for decades without interruption, helping to contribute to a long-standing feeling of consistency and continuity in F&SFs format and contents.

Avram Davidson, who became editor in 1962, had sold his first story to F&SF in 1954, though he was better remembered for "The Golem", which appeared in the March 1955 issue.  Under Davidson more work appeared by non-English-speaking writers such as Hugo Correa, Herbert Franke, and Shin'ishi Hoshi.  Notable stories he acquired for F&SF include Terry Carr's first sale, "Who Sups with the Devil?", in 1962, and Roger Zelazny's "A Rose for Ecclesiastes" in November 1963.  He published two "author special" issues: Theodore Sturgeon was featured in the September 1962 issue, and Ray Bradbury in May 1963.  These author issues, which had been Joseph Ferman's idea, became a regular feature, with subsequent issues featuring Isaac Asimov (October 1966), Fritz Leiber (July 1969), Poul Anderson (April 1971), James Blish (April 1972), Frederik Pohl (September 1973), Robert Silverberg (April 1974), Damon Knight (November 1976), Harlan Ellison (July 1977), Stephen King (December 1990), Lucius Shepard (March 2001), Kate Wilhelm (September 2001), Barry N. Malzberg (June 2003), Gene Wolfe (April 2007), and David Gerrold (September/October 2016).

Edward Ferman
Joseph Ferman's son, Edward Ferman, was managing editor during Davidson's tenure as editor.  When Davidson left, Joseph Ferman took over the editorial chair, but in reality Edward Ferman was doing all the editorial work, and by the May 1965 issue was in full control of the magazine.  It remained eclectic through the 1960s and 1970s, publishing work by New Wave writers such as Thomas Disch and John Sladek, along with new US writers such as Samuel Delany and Roger Zelazny, hard science fiction stories by Gregory Benford and John Varley, fantasies by Sterling Lanier and Tom Reamy, and horror by Charles L. Grant and Stephen King.  The mid-1960s saw an increase in the diversity of stories appearing elsewhere in the field; magazines like New Worlds and Science Fantasy published material that previously could only have appeared in F&SF.  Sf author Christopher Priest, writing in 1978, commented that many writers later considered part of the New Wave soon found "a natural home for their work" in F&SF.  In Ashley's view the rest of the field was starting to catch up to F&SFs open-mindedness, but this did not lead to a drop in F&SFs quality; the end of the 1960s saw Ferman printing some old-fashioned material such as John Christopher's novel about miniaturization, The Little People, alongside much of Roger Zelazny's early output, and "anarchic and often indefinable" stories by R.A. Lafferty, Harvey Jacobs, and others.  In 1968, Piers Anthony's early novel Sos the Rope was serialized; Anthony had won a competition sponsored in part by F&SF.

Harlan Ellison and James Tiptree, Jr. were frequent contributors in the 1970s, Tiptree contributing some of her best-known stories, such as "And I Awoke and Found Me Here on the Cold Hill's Side" and "The Women Men Don't See"; Ellison's many stories in F&SF included "The Deathbird", in 1973, which won a Hugo Award, and "Jeffty Is Five" in 1977, which won both a Hugo and a Nebula Award.  Other award-winning stories from Ferman's first decade and a half included Fritz Leiber's "Ship of Shadows" in 1969, "Ill Met in Lankhmar" in 1970, and "Catch That Zeppelin" in 1975; all three won Hugos, and the latter two also won Nebulas.  Poul Anderson's "The Queen of Air and Darkness" won both a Hugo and a Nebula, Robert Silverberg's "Born with the Dead" won a Nebula, and Frederik Pohl's novel of Martian colonization, Man Plus, also won a Nebula.

Judith Merril took over the book review column on Davidson's departure, and was followed by James Blish in 1970 and Algis Budrys in 1975, with frequent contributions from other reviewers such as Joanna Russ and Gahan Wilson.  In 1965 Wilson began contributing cartoons, and continued to do so regularly until 1981.  Ferman set a humorous competition for the readers in the November 1971 issue, and thereafter ran two or three similar competitions every year.  These were later collected in a 1996 anthology, titled Oi, Robot, the title taken from a competition to add a single letter to a well-known work of SF.  A film review column, the first in the magazine since Charles Beaumont's "The Science Screen" (and "William Morrison" aka Joseph Samachson's live-theater column "The Science Stage") in the latter 1950s, conducted by Samuel R. Delany, commenced in 1969; Baird Searles contributed the column between 1970 and 1984.  Among the later reviewers, Ellison was one of the most popular, and columns from his first four years were collected as Harlan Ellison's Watching in 1989.

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine was launched in 1977 and from 1983, under the editorships of Shawna McCarthy and later Gardner Dozois, it began to publish more mature material, becoming a more direct competitor to F&SFs market niche.  Authors such as Lucius Shepard, James Blaylock, and John Crowley, whose work was a natural fit for F&SF, were selling to Asimovs as well.  The launch of Omni in 1978 also had an impact.  For almost every year in the 1970s stories published in F&SF won more award nominations, and were selected for more "Year's Best" anthologies, than the other magazines; in the 1980s that was no longer true, as Asimov's took over the leading role, and Omni sometimes pushed F&SF into third place.  Ferman was still able to acquire some highly regarded material, such as "Lost Boys" by Orson Scott Card, and Kirinyaga by Mike Resnick.  When Omni rejected George R.R. Martin's "Monkey Treatment" and Gardner Dozois's "Down Among the Dead Men", which were dark fantasy, Ferman acquired both.  Along with these regular columns, Ferman occasionally published articles, such as "Science Fiction and the University", a feature in the May 1972 issue that included contributions from Darko Suvin, Thomas Clareson, and Philip Klass.

F&SF won the Hugo Award for Best Magazine for four consecutive years, from 1969 through 1972, when the award was changed to "Best Professional Editor".  Initially this category was dominated by Ben Bova, the editor of Analog, but Ferman won it for three more years at the start of the 1980s.

Some of the artists who had provided covers for early issues of F&SF, including Chesley Bonestell, Ed Emshwiller, and Alex Schomburg, were still contributing their work into the late 1970s, and many of the regular writers from the early years, such as Reginald Bretnor, Ron Goulart, and Hilbert Schenck, continued to appear in F&SF into the 1980s.  A newer group, including Joanna Russ and R.A. Lafferty, had become regulars more recently.  Some established writers such as Thomas Disch published their more unusual work in F&SF, and there were also writers such as Felix C. Gotschalk, whose unusual stories were described by Ferman as "a step ahead of most sf writers (or perhaps he's marching in a different direction)".  In Ashley's opinion, Ferman managed to "balance the work of these eccentric writers so that they never distorted the contents yet kept the magazine on the edge".

Newer writers who began to appear regularly in the 1980s included Bruce Sterling, who published his early Shaper/Mechanist stories in F&SF, beginning with "Swarm", in 1982.  Stephen King's "The Dark Tower" series had begun in 1979 in F&SF, and four more stories appeared over the next three years before being collected as a novel in 1982; and Michael Shea and Bob Leman contributed horror and weird fiction regularly in the 1980s.  Despite the increased competition from Omni and Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, Ferman managed to keep F&SFs reputation for quality intact throughout the 1980s; it was not as distinct from its competition as it had once been, but it retained an "idiosyncratic individuality", in Ashley's words.

After Ferman
Under Kristine Kathryn Rusch F&SF began to publish more dark fantasy and horror stories, such as "The Night We Buried Road Dog" by Jack Cady, which won a Nebula Award.  When Rusch took over as editor, Isaac Asimov had been writing the science column for over three decades, and Algis Budrys had been contributing a book review column since 1975; in 1992 Asimov died and Budrys departed.  The science column ran for 399 consecutive issues, ending in February 1992.  Asimov's widow, Janet Asimov, wrote another essay for the December 1994 issue, based on her conversations with her husband before his death, and a final essay appeared in January 1996, containing material from the book Yours, Isaac Asimov: A Lifetime of Letters.  The science column continued to appear, written by Bruce Sterling and Gregory Benford among others, and John Kessel took over the book reviews; Robert Killheffer succeeded Kessel, with some overlap in 1994 and 1995.  Asimov's maintained its dominance of the field through the 1990s, though Rusch published well-received material such as "The Martian Child" by David Gerrold and "Last Summer at Mars Hill" by Elizabeth Hand.  Rusch won one Hugo Award as editor during her five years at F&SF, in 1994.

Van Gelder printed more fantasy and less hard science fiction than had Rusch, and in Ashley's opinion he was able to "restore some of the magazine's distinctiveness".  As a result of the switch to bimonthly in 2009, with the resulting higher page count in each issue, the magazine began to publish longer stories.

Assessment
F&SF quickly established itself as one of the leading magazines.  Ashley describes it as bridging "the attitude gap between the slick magazines and the pulps"', and argues that it made the genre more respectable.  The fantasy side of the magazine attracted writers who had been regular contributors to Weird Tales and Unknown, two of the best-known fantasy pulps, and in Ashley's opinion, it soon found a "middle ground" between those pulp traditions and fantasy written for the slicks.  It was known as the most literary of the science fiction and fantasy magazines, and it published the most diverse range of material.  In a 1978 review of New Wave SF, Christopher Priest agreed that F&SF has a bias for literary work, and added that "it has been a sort of New Wave of its own ever since its inception".

From the 1950s, F&SF was regarded as one of the "big three" science fiction magazines, along with Astounding Science Fiction and Galaxy Science Fiction.  In a review of a 1952 issue, James Blish (writing as William Atheling, Jr.) commented that much of the magazine to that point was wonderfully written, and that Boucher's and McComas's editorial acumen made F&SF very readable, but that on occasion a well-written, sophisticated, but unoriginal science fiction story might be accepted by F&SF because it was not a specialist sf magazine.  At the end of the 1950s Kingsley Amis described it as "the most highbrow" of the science fiction magazines, and Gary K. Wolfe later said that F&SF, along with Galaxy, "defined the tenor" of the 1950s.  In 1966, Judith Merril argued that it was Boucher and McComas who made a place in the genre for writers such as Charles Beaumont, Mildred Clingerman, Edgar Pangborn, and many others who, in her opinion, had "virtually stopped writing until the necessary new magazine came along".

In 2007, Ashley commented that F&SF had been "the most consistently enjoyable magazine of the last 50 years".  In his view, a key reason for the magazine's appeal was that its roots were in the literary tradition, with Lawrence Spivak, its first publisher, the inheritor of H.L. Mencken's American Mercury, which had been successful and widely respected as a literary review.  Unlike most of its competitors, F&SF had no connection to the pulp magazine era, and its editors had always intended to appeal to readers of books, rather than of magazines.  Ashley also cites F&SFs broad editorial policy, which allowed the magazine to carry a wider range of fiction than its competitors.  In 2014 Gary Westfahl praised the "creative editors of the 1980s and 1990s, such as Gardner Dozois ... and Gordon Van Gelder", but added that "such editors were no longer the most important figures in the field".

Bibliographic details

As of March 2017, the editorial succession is as follows:
Anthony Boucher & J. Francis McComas, Fall 1949 – August 1954
Anthony Boucher, September 1954 – August 1958
Robert P. Mills, September 1958 – March 1962
Avram Davidson, April 1962 – November 1964
Joseph W. Ferman, December 1964 – December 1965
Edward L. Ferman, January 1966 – June 1991
Kristine Kathryn Rusch, July 1991 – May 1997
Gordon Van Gelder, June 1997 – January 2015
Charles Coleman Finlay, March/April 2015 – January 2021
Sheree Renée Thomas, March/April 2021 – present.
The first issue was titled The Magazine of Fantasy; with the second issue the title switched to The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.  It has been in digest format since the beginning.

The publisher was initially Fantasy House, a subsidiary of Mercury Press; from March 1958 the publisher was listed as Mercury Press instead.  Since February 2001 the publisher has been Van Gelder's Spilogale, Inc.

The following table lists F&SFs prices over the years.  When Joseph Ferman announced the price change in the February 1959 issue, his justification for the increase was that "during the past ten years...paper costs have gone up by 38%, composition, printing, binding and handling costs have gone up by 32%, postages costs have gone up from 33% to 60%, and various other costs have risen as much or more".

Anthologies
The following anthologies of fiction from F&SF have appeared.

In 1981, Martin H. Greenberg edited a hardcover facsimile edition of the April 1965 issue of F&SF, with the addition of an introduction by Edward Ferman, and memoirs by the authors whose work appeared in the issue.  The book was published by Southern Illinois University Press.

Overseas editions
F&SF has had multiple foreign editions, including:
 Argentina.  Minotauro (September 1964 – June 1968), edited by Francisco Porrúa under the alias Ricardo Gosseyn, and published by Ediciones Minotauro, Buenos Aires.  Ten issues.  The full title was Minotauro fantasía y ciencia-ficción.  Minotauro did not reprint individual issues of F&SF; instead each issue was filled with stories selected from various issues of F&SF.  Also La revista de ciencia ficción y fantasía (October 1976 – February 1977), edited by Marcial Souto and published by Ediciones Orión.  Three issues.  This was primarily a reprint edition of F&SF but also published some original material.
 Australia.  The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (November 1954 – August 1958), published by Consolidated Press as a saddle-stapled digest.  14 issues.  The first six issues were 128 pages long, the next 4 were 112 pages, and the last four were 96 pages.  It was priced at 2/- throughout.  The contents were selected from the US magazine but the Australian issues did not correspond to individual issues of the original.
 Brazil.  Galáxia 2000 (first issue January 1968), edited by Mario Camarinha, and published by Ediçōes O Cruzeiro.  Four or five issues.  This contains reprints from not only the US edition of F&SF, but also from the French, Italian and Argentinian versions.  This was followed in 1970 by another Magazine de Ficçāo Cientifica, which appeared in April 1970.  The editor was initially Jerônymo Monteiro; he died after two issues and was succeeded by his daughter, Theresa Monteiro.  The publisher was Revista do Globo.  The magazine ran from April 1970 to November 1971, publishing a total of 20 issues, each containing a story by a local writer along with the reprinted material.
 France.  Fiction (October 1953 – February 1990), edited by Alain Dorémieux for most of its existence.  412 issues.  Fiction included original French stories as well as translations from the English version of the magazine, and occasionally these French stories subsequently appeared in F&SF, translated into English.  One example is "Les Premiers jour de mai" by Claude Veillot, which appeared in Fiction in May 1960 and then as "The First Days of May" in F&SF in December 1961, translated by Damon Knight.  Since 2005 it has been issued twice a year as a magazine/anthology series.
 Germany.  A series of anthologies titled Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction began appearing in Germany in 1963, published by Heyne, and lasted until issue 101, which appeared in 2000.  These contained stories selected from F&SF.  The editor was Charlotte Winheller for issues 1–9; Walter Ernsting for issues 10–14; Wulf H. Bergner for issues 15–42; Manfred Kluge for issues 43–63; and Ronald M. Hahn thereafter.  The full title of the publication was initially "Eine Auswahl der besten SF-Stories aus The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction"; later titles include "Die besten SF-Stories aus The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction" and "Die besten Stories aus The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction".
 Israel.  Fantasia 2000 (December 1978 – 1984), edited by Aharon Hauptman and Gabi Peleg; published by A. Tene for the first 15 issues, and thereafter by Hyperion.  44 issues.  Most of Fantasia 2000s contents were translations of material that had originally appeared in F&SF, along with some original stories by Israelis.  It included translations of Asimov's science column, and also included departments that did not originate in F&SF, such as a letters page and non-fiction articles.
 Italy.  Fantascienza (November 1954 – May 1955), edited by Livio Garzanti, published by Garzanti e i Fratelli Treves.  7 issues.  Reprints of issues of F&SF.  Also Fantasia & Fantascienza (December 1962 – October 1963), edited by G. Jori, published by Minerva Editrice.  10 monthly issues, omitting May 1963.  A reprint of F&SF, but it included some original material as well. Another series of reprints was published by Elara from 2013 to 2017, for a total of 17 issues with irregular periodicity.
 Japan.  SF Magazine (February 1960 – current as of 2017), edited by (among others) Masami Fukushima, Ryozo Nagashima, and Imaoka Kiyoshi.  This began as a reprint edition of F&SF, but soon began printing more original fiction, and as of 2016 is the leading Japanese science fiction magazine, publishing both original material and stories reprinted from a variety of sources.
 Mexico.  Ciencia y Fantasía (September 1955 – December 1957), editor unknown, published by Novaro-México, S.A.  14 issues.  Reprinted from F&SF by selecting stories from different issues of the original magazine.
 Norway.  Nova (1971–1979), edited by Terje Wanberg, Øyvind Myhre, Per G. Olson, and Johannes H. Berg, published by Stowa Forlag.  34 issues.  Initially titled Science Fiction-Magasinet, it began by reprinting from F&SF; from the fourth issue it began to feature new material.
 Sweden.  Jules Verne Magasinet (1969–2013), edited and published by Bertil Falk (1969–1971); edited by Sam Lundwall (1972–2013) and published by Askild & Kärnekull (1972), Delta (1973–1983), and Sam J Lundwall Fakta & Fantasi (1983–2010).  Starting with the Askild & Kärnekull issues, and until at least the mid-1980s, this contained a large proportion of reprints from F&SF, along with some original material from other sources.
 United Kingdom.  Two series, both titled The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.  The first series was published by Mellifont Press, and ran from October 1953 to September 1954, in digest format, with 128 pages, priced at 1/6.  The contents were taken from the U.S. magazine, but the UK issues did not directly correspond to individual U.S. issues.  The second series was published by Atlas Publishing & Distributing from December 1959 to June 1964, in digest format.  All issues were 128 pages except for January 1961 through November 1961 and March 1962 through June 1964, which were 112 pages.  The price was 2/- from until November 1961, and 2/6 from December 1961 until the end of the run.  As with the first series the reprint issues did not exactly correspond to individual U.S. issues.  After the second series ended, some additional material from the U.S. issues was reprinted in the UK edition of Venture Science Fiction.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Archive index of the former official site, www.sfsite.com/fsf/
 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (UK) July 1961—Internet Archive Python Library 1.0.10

1949 establishments in the United States
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Fantasy fiction magazines
Horror fiction magazines
Magazines established in 1949
Magazines published in Connecticut
Magazines published in New Jersey
Magazines published in New York City
Science fiction digests
Science fiction magazines established in the 1940s
Science fiction magazines published in the United States


The Deutscher Kuenstlerbund (Association of German Artists) was founded in 1903 the initiative of Count Harry Kessler, promoter of arts and artists, Alfred Lichtwark, director of the Hamburg Art Gallery and the famous painters Lovis Corinth, Max Klinger and Max Liebermann among others. Thus a supra-regional association which surpassed the existing secessions came into existence for the first time. Its founders were determined to get rid of the restrictions imposed by the national cultural authorities. Their aim was to ensure the freedom of art, to offer a public forum for different artistic trends and to support young artists. These intentions were taken into account at annual exhibitions which took place in various German cities and sometimes in foreign countries.

History
The  Deutscher Künstlerbund organized first exhibition  on June 1 to October 31, 1904 and the second on May 2 to October 6, 1905, inaugurating at the same time its showrooms in the new exhibition building, "an extensive general view of the existing modern forces in Germany", as a contemporary reviewer put it.

In 1936 the exhibition in Hamburg was closed by the National Socialists and the Deutscher Künstlerbund was closed at the same time. Until then the general public had been offered a remarkable spectrum of 20 exhibitions on a high artistic level. Nearly all German artists who occupied a high rank in the artistic world within the first three decades of the last century were members of the Deutscher Künstlerbund and they made use of the platform to display their artistic ideas undisturbed by any governmental interference. The boost and the breakthrough of modern art is closely connected to the history of the Deutscher Künstlerbund.

In 1905, Max Klinger acquired the Villa Romana in Florence on behalf of the Deutscher Künstlerbund as a place for cultural exchange which testifies to the high politico-cultural commitment of the Deutscher Künstlerbund.

In 1950, some former members of the Deutscher Künstlerbund – Karl Hofer, Willi Baumeister, Karl Hartung and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff – re-established the group. They picked up the thread of the interrupted tradition of modern art, remembered the resolutions of the founding years and advocated again the freedom of art. They influenced the cultural and political life of post-war Germany by resuming the annual exhibitions and by taking numerous political initiatives. And this holds true today, too.

The Deutscher Künstlerbund is a member of various institutions which support artists, fight for copyrights and social security such as Kunstfonds, Verwertungsgesellschaft Bild-Kunst, Privatinitiative Kunst, Internationale Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst (IGBK), and the section Fine Arts in Deutscher Kulturrat. Deutscher Künstlerbund is sustaining member of the Villa Romana in Florence.

Already in 1974 a fee for the artists taking part in exhibitions was introduced. At the suggestion of its chairman at that time, Georg Meistermann, the Collection of the Federal Republic of Germany was founded which supports artist and helps to bring art within the reach of the public. A first extensive exhibition took place in the Multihalle Mannheim 1976 based on new founding structure. In the course of the discussion on the establishment of the German national foundation, the Deutscher Künstlerbund organized a colloquium, as a result of which the "Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle des Bundes" was conceived and realized. The extensive annual exhibitions have offered many artists a podium and we must not forget that it was the Deutscher Künstlerbund which was the first institution to show works of art of artist from the German Democratic Republic in 1990. In 2003 the Association of German Artists celebrated its 100th anniversary as one of the oldest and most renowned associations of artists in Europe.

Today about 600 visual artist are members of the Deutscher Künstlerbund which makes it unique in its composition and in the important role it plays in the dialogue between artists and the public. By cooperating in governmental committees, boards of curators and panels which play an advisory role in the debating of bills, the Deutscher Künstlerbund looks after the interests of many artists in Germany. Just to name two, it is represented in the Sachverständigenkreis für Kunst am Bau of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs and in the Bundesakademie für kulturelle Bildung Wolfenbüttel.]

References

External links

 Website Deutscher Künstlerbund
 Literature by and on Deutscher Künstlerbund

Non-profit organisations based in Berlin
German artist groups and collectives
1903 establishments in Germany

Deutscher Künstlerbund


David Horsey (born 1951) is an American editorial cartoonist and commentator. His cartoons appeared in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer from 1979 until December 2011 and in the Los Angeles Times since that time. His cartoons are syndicated to newspapers nationwide by Tribune Content Agency.  He won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1999 and 2003.

Life and career
Horsey was born in Evansville, Indiana and moved to Seattle, Washington at age 3. He began working as a cartoonist in the Cascade, the school newspaper at Ingraham High School. He was a French horn player in the Seattle Youth Symphony. He attended the University of Washington, where, as a freshman, he became the editorial cartoonist of the student newspaper The Daily. He went on to become the first editorial cartoonist to be chosen as editor-in-chief of The Daily. He graduated in 1976 with a degree in communication studies.

Horsey's first job was as a reporter for the Bellevue Journal-American, but in 1979 he was hired to be the editorial cartoonist of the Post-Intelligencer. In 1986, he earned a master's degree in international relations from the University of Kent in England. In 2004 he received an honorary doctorate degree from Seattle University.

At the end of 2011, he left the Post-Intelligencer and went to work for the Los Angeles Times, where he remained until January 2018. His work then appeared in the Seattle Times until July 2018. He currently works for the Tribune Content Agency.

Horsey has been recognized for his work with the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning, first in 1999, when many of his cartoons focused on the Monica Lewinsky scandal, and in 2003, when he lampooned the Bush administration. In 2014, he was again a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and also received the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award for his cartoons related to social justice issues.

Collections
 Politics and Other Perversions: A Book of Political Cartoons by Dave Horsey (Shambala Publications Group, Seattle 1974)
 Horsey's Rude Awakenings (Madrona Publishers, Seattle 1981)
 Horsey's Greatest Hits of the '80s (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle 1989)
 The Fall of Man (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle 1994)
 One Man Show (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle 1999)
 From Hanging Chad to Baghdad (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle 2003)
 Draw Quick, Shoot Straight (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle 2007)
 Refuge of Scoundrels (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform 2013)

Sarah Huckabee apology
In November 2017, Horsey wrote an entry for his thrice-weekly column, Top of the Ticket, in the Los Angeles Times titled "Sarah Huckabee Sanders is the right mouthpiece for a truth-twisting president" and was criticized shortly thereafter for his disparaging remarks about the appearance of Donald Trump's press secretary, Sarah Huckabee Sanders. Horsey's column included criticisms of her looks and attire. After being criticized for his comments, Horsey updated his column with an apology and removed the comments about Huckabee.

References

External links
 David Horsey's personal website
 David Horsey's personal Twitter page
 David Horsey's page at The Seattle Times
 David Horsey's page at the Los Angeles Times
 David Horsey's page at the Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 David Horsey's page at the Tribune Content Agency
 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoons
 2003 Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoons

University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning winners
American editorial cartoonists
Alumni of the University of Kent
People from Evansville, Indiana
1951 births
Living people
The Daily of the University of Washington alumni
The Seattle Times people
Seattle Post-Intelligencer people
Presidents of the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists

David Horsey


John Joseph Hall (born July 23, 1948) is an American musician, songwriter, politician, environmentalist, and community activist. He was elected to the legislature of Ulster County, New York, in 1989 and the Saugerties, New York Board of Education in 1991, and he was the U.S. representative for , serving from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Hall also founded the rock band Orleans in 1972 and continues to perform with them.

Early life and musical career

Hall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in Elmira, New York. He is the son of James A. Hall, who was a PhD in electrical engineering and Marie W. Hall, who had M.A. in divinity. A three-time National Science Foundation summer scholar, he skipped two grades in school and left Notre Dame High School in Elmira at age sixteen to study physics at the University of Notre Dame, and then English at Loyola College, Baltimore.

Hall began playing piano at age 4, and later studied French horn in school and taught himself guitar and bass. After changing his concentration to creative writing and performing in numerous musical ensembles, Hall quit college to begin his professional musical career in the clubs in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C., and then in Greenwich Village in New York City. In 1967, his group Kangaroo released an album on MGM Records, and Hall also composed music for a Broadway theatre trilogy Morning, Noon and Night. He released his debut solo album, Action in 1970. Since then he has released 7 albums solo or as the John Hall Band.

In late January 1972, he founded Orleans in Ulster County, New York, with Wells Kelly and Larry Hoppen. Lance Hoppen, Larry's brother, joined the band later in that year, completing the Orleans lineup that would last throughout the band's most successful period. Orleans released two albums on ABC Records, and two on David Geffen's Asylum Records, the latter two including the top five hits "Dance With Me" and "Still The One" which are each certified by BMI at more than 7 million airplays in the United States. As part of Orleans, he was a songwriter and session musician for artists that include Janis Joplin, Seals and Crofts, Taj Mahal, Jackson Browne, Little Feat, and Bonnie Raitt.

In 1977, Hall left to concentrate on the solo career that had begun with the Action album at the beginning of the decade and became active in the anti-nuclear movement, fighting to stop a nuclear plant planned for Cementon on the Hudson River, and co-founding Musicians United for Safe Energy with Jackson Browne, Bonnie Raitt, and Graham Nash. His second solo recording of that period (his third overall) included the title track "Power," which became an environmental anthem performed by Pete Seeger, Peter, Paul and Mary, Holly Near, and the Doobie Brothers and James Taylor who cut it live at the No Nukes Concerts at Madison Square Garden. In 1981 he formed the John Hall Band, which consisted of Hall, keyboardist and vocalist Bob Leinbach, bassist and vocalist John Troy, and drummer Eric Parker.  The John Hall Band released two albums on the EMI America label with high AOR and MTV visibility but limited Top 40 success. "Crazy (Keep On Falling)," from the album All of the Above, was the band's only major hit (U.S. #42).

While living in Saugerties, Hall co-founded two citizens' groups — Saugerties Concerned Citizens and the Winston Farm Alliance. The former worked to close down illegal junkyards operating in the town, and the latter successfully opposed the siting of a giant dump and incinerator on the historic Winston Farm, named after the engineer James Winston, who designed New York City's system of reservoirs and aqueducts. Hall also served one term in the Ulster County Legislature, and was elected twice to the Saugerties Board of Education, where his fellow trustees elected him president.

Hall spent decades writing songs for other artists and reunited with Orleans in 1985, rejoining them intermittently up through 2006. After his divorce from Johanna, he moved to Hunter, New York, and later to Nashville. There he wrote more songs including co-writing Steve Wariner's #1 country hit "You Can Dream of Me," began touring with Jonell Mosser and Freebo, and continued sporadically performing with Orleans. In 2005, he released Rock Me on the Water, an album of songs inspired by an extensive sailing trip he took with his second wife Pamela Bingham from Kingston, New York, to Key West, and Havana, Cuba on a humanitarian aid delivery mission, and later Martha's Vineyard, Cuttyhunk, and Annapolis, Maryland. He also formed the band Gulf Stream Night with longtime Orleans drummer Peter O'Brien, percussionist Joakim Lartey, bassist Bobby MacDougal, and his wife Pamela, who co-wrote four of the songs on the CD, on vocals and guitar.  Having sold the boat and moved back to the Hudson Valley of New York, this time to Dutchess County, the Halls began to settle in and make new friends in Dover and Millbrook, where "Gulf Stream Night" was recorded.

Orleans released a new CD in 2005, Dancin' in the Moonlight, containing many of Hall's writing collaborations, guitar parts, and vocals, as well as two songs co-written by John and Pamela Melanie Hall.

Hall put his musical career on hold during his time in office, but performed at the concert honoring the 90th birthday of Pete Seeger, supporting the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater at Madison Square Garden on May 3, 2009.  He joined other performers in the singing of "Oh Mary Don't You Weep" and later joined the entire cast for an encore, singing "Good Night, Irene". In August 2011, Hall joined his MUSE cohorts Bonnie Raitt, Jackson Browne, and Crosby, Stills & Nash along with Jason Mraz, the Doobie Brothers, and Tom Morello for a benefit concert in Mountain View, California, proceeds to aid victims of the tsunami and nuclear meltdowns in Fukushima, Japan, and to promote renewable energy. John and Pamela Hall, along with co-lyricist Bob Furlong, wrote the song "I Told You So" and performed it with Browne, Raitt, and Nash at the concert. In 2012, following the death of Larry Hoppen, Hall rejoined the band Orleans and has been recording and performing with them since.

Political career
He has been involved with Mid-Hudson Nuclear Opponents, who successfully fought the siting of a nuclear power plant on the Hudson River in Greene County. While living in Saugerties, New York, Hall co-founded Saugerties Concerned Citizens, and helped write the town's first zoning law. When Ulster County announced plans for a  solid waste dump on the historic Winston farm, Hall led the opposition. This effort culminated in his 1989 election to the Ulster County Legislature. In the late 1990s, after three successive school budgets were rejected by the voters, John ran for, and was elected twice to, the Saugerties Board of Education. His fellow trustees elected him president, and budgets were passed each year of Hall's tenure.

In late October 2004, Hall publicly commented that the presidential campaign of George W. Bush had not asked for permission to use the Orleans song "Still the One" at campaign events. His publisher sent a cease and desist letter to the campaign which dropped the song from their playlist. Four years later, Hall expressed similar disapproval when John McCain's presidential campaign also used the song without asking for permission.

During the fall of 2005, Hall's concern about the environment and the Iraq War, and dissatisfaction with Sue Kelly, the U.S. Representative for his new home town, contributed to his decision to set musical projects aside and run for the seat in New York's 19th congressional district. He defeated several other Democratic candidates in the primary and Kelly in the general election. In the House of Representatives, Hall served on the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the House Veterans Affairs Committee. He was appointed to be chairman of the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs. He was one of three freshmen representatives assigned a subcommittee chairmanship. As chair of the VA Disability and Memorial Affairs subcommittee, he helped write the Veterans Claims Modernization Act of 2008, which passed the House and Senate unanimously and was signed into law by President George W. Bush, who referred to it as "good government". Hall was assigned to serve on the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and was chairman of the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs of the Veterans Affairs Committee in the 110th Congress.

Hall was reelected in 2008 over Republican candidate Kieran Lalor, but he lost in the 2010 election to Nan Hayworth. In July 2011, Hall announced that he would not seek a rematch with Hayworth, citing the prohibitive campaign fund-raising necessary as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. FEC. He said he wanted to spend time with his family and travel across the country with his band. Hayworth served one term before losing reelection in 2012.

Policy positions

Despite representing a historically Republican area, Hall has described himself as a progressive Democrat. He was a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. In the beginning of the 110th Congress, Hall voted to raise minimum wage and federal funding of embryonic stem cell research.

Prior to the election, Hall expressed interest in drug policy reform, noting that many of his best friends and mentors in the music industry partake in recreational drug use without adverse effects. At SUNY New Paltz, during a March 11, 2006, audio interview, he said that drug prohibition had "failed" and that he agreed with Maurice Hinchey on the need for reform on Plan Colombia, medical marijuana, and a provision of the Higher Education Act that denies financial aid to students with drug offenses. However, in July 2007, John Hall voted against an amendment by Hinchey that would end the raid of medical marijuana patients.

Hall voted for the Healthcare Reform Bill that passed in the House on November 7, 2009, as well as the Senate bill on March 21, 2010. He opposed the Stupak Amendment which proposed to restrict the use of federal funds for abortion funding.  He was also a critic of BP's handling of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

Campaigns

2006

Hall ran for Congress in the 19th District in the September 2006 primary race as a Democrat in . He won the primary, with a commanding 48% in a 4-way race, and faced incumbent Sue W. Kelly in the November election. Hall defeated Kelly with 51% of the vote, losing to Kelly in Putnam, Dutchess, and Rockland counties, but carrying the incumbent's home county of Westchester, as well as Orange, to pull off the upset.

According to an article in the Hudson Valley newspaper, the Middletown Times Herald-Record, two days after his primary victory, Hall, in an online chat with the progressive blog Firedoglake, was asked about his position on a possible impeachment of then-President George W. Bush. Hall stopped short of endorsing impeachment "before hearing evidence", but added that "Whether impeachment or censure, some action must be taken to circumscribe the powers of the presidency". When pressed on the issue, "he candidly reminded the probing blogger, 'I'm trying to get elected in an historically Republican district.'"

Hall was interviewed by Comedy Central-based satirist Stephen Colbert on October 19, 2006, for a "Better Know a District" segment of his popular comedy show, The Colbert Report. Stephen Colbert said that he opposes everything that John Hall stands for, but Hall was willing to talk to him; Sue Kelly turned down the opportunity to be interviewed so John Hall picked a "Smear Card" which said "My opponent smokes marijuana". Colbert replied by saying "That's a bold accusation, that someone in the press should investigate or at least look up on because it's out there now; it's out there now that Sue Kelly smokes pot. DEA, check out her house. Look for grow lights. I'm not saying it. He is".  As the centerpiece of the interview, Colbert eventually convinced Hall to harmonize with him on the Orleans song "Dance with Me". He made a brief encore appearance on The Colbert Report the day after his election, November 8, joining Colbert in a harmonized rendition of The Star-Spangled Banner.

2008

Although the 19th is a historically Republican district, Republicans had trouble recruiting a strong challenger to Hall.  Several potential top-tier candidates, such as State Assemblyman Greg Ball, Orange County Executive Ed Diana, and former White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer all declined to run for the seat. Andrew Saul, head of the Federal Thrift Retirement Investment Board had begun raising funds for a campaign but announced on November 20, 2007, that he would not run. In February 2008, however, Saul was rumored to be considering entering the race once again and had launched online polls to gauge interest.

Hall drew numerous potential challengers for the 2008 race, including Iraq veteran Kieran Lalor and Westchester County Legislator George Oros. Other potential challengers included Sue Kelly, ex-Congressman Joseph J. DioGuardi, ex-State Superintendent of Insurance Howard Mills, ex-NYC Finance Commissioner and State Tax Commissioner Andrew Eristoff, Emily Pataki, the daughter of former Governor George Pataki, and ex-Pataki campaign manager Michael Finnegan. Having received the endorsement of the Republican committees in all five counties in the district, Lalor was the only remaining Republican challenger.

On November 4, 2008, Hall was re-elected to serve the 19th district of New York in the 111th session of the United States Congress. He defeated Republican newcomer Kieran Lalor, taking 59% of the vote. In January 2009, Hall declared his support for Kirsten Gillibrand becoming the junior senator of New York, a seat vacated by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

2010

Facing a tough re-election, Hall lost to Republican nominee Nan Hayworth in the 2010 election.

Electoral history

Personal life
Hall married his first wife, writer Johanna Hall, who he met while playing at Cafe Wha in Greenwich Village, in 1971. They lived in Woodstock then Saugerties, New York, and have one daughter, Lillian Sofi Hall. Johanna Hall was the co-author, with Hall, of such songs as "Dance with Me" and "Still the One". In 2001, Hall married his second wife, Pamela Bingham Hall, a guitarist and attorney who has also co-written songs with Hall. They divorced in 2021 and Hall married singer and fiddler Andrea Zonn in April 2022. They live in Nashville TN.

Discography

Studio albums

References

External links

Music Career Interview with John Hall

1948 births
Living people
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
Orleans (band) members
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
University of Notre Dame alumni
Politicians from Westchester County, New York
Politicians from Rockland County, New York
School board members in New York (state)
Activists from New York (state)
American anti–nuclear power activists
American environmentalists
20th-century American musicians
21st-century American musicians
21st-century American politicians
Politicians from Baltimore
Politicians from Elmira, New York
Musicians from Maryland
People from Dover Plains, New York

John Hall (New York politician)


The Thuận Phước Bridge () is a suspension bridge that crosses the lower Han River at Da Nang, Vietnam.

The four-lane, three-span, bridge is 1,850 meters long and 18 meters wide, and has a main span of 405 meters. Its two major pillars are 80m in height. It is the longest suspension bridge in Vietnam, with total investment of nearly 1 trillion dong. The bridge was built with an estimated cost of VND 650 billion (about 42 million US dollars). Consulting firms from China, Cuba and Canada provided assistance.

The construction of the bridge, which began in 2003, was completed on 19 July 2009 when the Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyen Tan Dung and many high-ranking government officials attended the inauguration ceremony.

See also
 Han River Bridge
 Dragon River Bridge

References

External links
The Thuan Phuoc Bridge at Bridgemeister.com

Road bridges in Vietnam
Bridges completed in 2009
Bridges in Da Nang
Suspension bridges in Vietnam

Thuận Phước Bridge


People who do not wear shoes and socks or tights are said to be barefoot. Being barefoot is a natural way of walking. There are many receptors and muscles in the foot, which help sense the ground people are walking on. There's a thick layer of skin on the feet. This layer will get even thicker in people who often walk barefoot. This protection has its limits. Likely shoes were developed to protect against heat or cold. The oldest known traces of shoes date to about 8.500 years ago. People think some kinds of shoes were used when Europe was settled about 40.000 years ago.
Feet

Barefoot


The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz (French: Le Secret de Wilhelm Storitz) is a fantasy novel by Jules Verne, published by Louis-Jules Hetzel in 1910. The manuscript was written around 1897. It was the last one Verne sent to Hetzel.

Plot

Railway engineer Henri Vidal was invited by his younger brother Marc to pay him a visit in the (fictional) city of Ragz, Hungary. Marc was engaged to Myra Roderich, the daughter of highly praised Dr. Roderich. Before leaving Paris, he learned that a man named Wilhelm Storitz had proposed to Myra, but he was refused.

Henri describes his journey, made on land and on the Danube River on the barge Dorothée, also noting monuments and cities he sees on the way. At his arrival in Ragz, he received a warm welcome from Myra's family.

One day, Dr. Roderich told Henri and Haralan (Myra's brother) that Wilhelm Storitz had come to request to propose again to Myra. When he is again refused, he threatened the family.

Before the marriage, a contract must be signed by the town governor as an old tradition from Ragz. A party was organized for the event, which was disrupted by a mysterious voice that sang the German Hate Song. To make matters worse, the contract was found torn to pieces and the bride's wreath lifted itself and hovered mysteriously in the air, ensuing panic among the people at the party.

After reporting the events to the chief of the Ragz police, Heinrich Stepark, he suspected that the culprit must be Wilhelm Storitz, as he was the only person who profoundly disrespected the Roderichs. Wilhelm's house was searched but, beside Myra's bridal wreath and a mysterious yellow fluid in a blue vial, no significant evidence was found.

A few days later, after getting the permission from the governor, Myra Roderich and Marc Vidal were ready to be wed the next day at the Ragz cathedral. On June 1, seconds before being wed, the same voice mentioned above cursed the couple. Myra lost consciousness and was given special care.

By now the entire population of the town suspected Wilhelm Storitz to be the culprit. As a consequence, the mob burned his house down, despite the efforts made by police agents.

Later, while on a walk, Henri and Stepark overheard a conversation between Wilhelm and his servant Hermann, both in a state of invisibility, as they had been throughout the novel's plot. Stepark attempted to capture Wilhelm but failed. When they returned, they found Myra missing.

The next day, using the information gathered from the conversation, Haralan fought with an invisible Wilhelm and defeated him. As he bled, Wilhelm became visible.

Hermann agreed to become visible and to be imprisoned. He was interrogated about the location of Myra and about the mysterious substance, but he was unable to answer as Storitz had never told him about his plans. When the guards entered his cell in order to release him, he was found dead of embolism.

Back home they were surprised to find Myra, who had not left her bed at all - she was merely invisible. As Wilhelm had died, and the antidote had been destroyed, Myra was to remain invisible forever. In Paris, Henri had the idea that Storitz became visible because he bled and the same thing could be achieved for Myra through a surgery. However, he was soon informed that she was pregnant, so she could not undergo the surgery. Miraculously, Myra became visible after giving birth to her son and they moved to Paris, where Marc continued his job as a painter.

Characters

Vidal
 Henri Vidal, 33, railway engineer
 Marc Vidal, 28, painter

Roderich
 Myra Roderich, 20, fiancée (later wife) of Marc Vidal
 Haralan Roderich, 28, Myra's brother, captain of l'Infanterie des Confins Militaires (Infantry of the Military Frontier)
 Dr. Roderich, 50, Myra's father
 Ms. Roderich, 45, Myra's mother

Storitz

 Wilhelm Storitz, 35, son of Otto Storitz, main antagonist
 Otto Storitz, deceased, great alchemist

Other
 Heinrich Stepark, chief of police in Ragz
 Hermann, Wilhelm Storitz's servant
 The Governor of Ragz
 Lieutenant Armgard
 Judge Neumann

New edition
In 2011, Bison Books brought out a new edition, the first to be based on Verne's manuscript.  Earlier editions feature a version of the novel heavily rewritten by Jules Verne's son Michel, who improbably pushed the date of the story back to the 18th century, despite many references to 19th century discoveries, such as Roentgen rays.

See also
The Invisible Man

References

See also
 1910 in science fiction

Novels by Jules Verne
1910 French novels
1910 fantasy novels
Fiction about invisibility
French novels adapted into films
Novels set in Hungary

The Secret of Wilhelm Storitz


Ellis Louis Marsalis Sr. (April 16, 1908 – September 19, 2004) was an American businessman from New Orleans, Louisiana. He was a former poultry farmer turned hotelier, Esso franchise owner and civil rights activist.

Family
Marsalis was born in Summit, Mississippi, the son of Rosa (née Gayden) and Simeon "Simmie" Marsalis. His father had changed his surname to "Marsalis", his stepfather's surname. He was the patriarch of the renowned Marsalis musical family that includes his son, Ellis Marsalis Jr., and grandsons Wynton, Branford, Delfeayo, and Jason.  Ellis Sr. was married to Florence Robertson (Marsalis), and also has a daughter, Yvette Marsalis, of New Orleans. Marsalis was never a musician of any kind, but was fond of Mississippi Delta Blues.

Early life
Marsalis came to New Orleans in 1927 and worked for the Duplain Rhodes Funeral Home, driving a horse-drawn hearse. During World War II, he did welding and built batteries to aid the war effort.

Hotelier

In 1943, Marsalis converted a barn on the shore of the Mississippi River into the Marsalis Motel. It catered to African-Americans, who were not allowed to stay at "whites only" New Orleans establishments under Jim Crow—the South's segregation laws. The hotel and restaurant quickly attracted prominent musicians, such as Ray Charles, Cab Calloway, Ruth Brown, Etta James, Dinah Washington, and others, as well as some of the most influential civil rights leaders of the day, including Martin Luther King Jr., Adam Clayton Powell Jr. and Thurgood Marshall. He was also elected President of the Nationwide Hotel Association, an organization of Southern Black hotel owners (such as Ferdinand Prout, A.G. Gaston, and Louis Mason) that he co-founded in 1963 in an effort to increase the economic power of their businesses.

Achievements

Marsalis was the first Black businessman to obtain an Esso (now Exxon) franchise in the state of Louisiana, co-owning (with William Wicker) and operating an Esso service station on the corner of what is now Claiborne and Louisiana Avenues in New Orleans. He was also the first black businessman to own a successful business in Jefferson Parish (Metairie/Shrewsbury), Louisiana. He was a lifelong member of the Republican Party, and was a delegate to the Republican Convention of 1964. He assisted David Treen's successful 1982 campaign for Governor of Louisiana.

Marsalis was instrumental in the voter registration of Black residents of Jefferson Parish from 1951 to 1966. He helped finance the education of Ernest Nathan Morial ("Dutch"), the first Black student to attend the Louisiana State University Law School, who later became the first black mayor of New Orleans. Marsalis also played a role in the election of Judge Lionel Collins, the first Black Judge of the 24th Judicial District Court, in Gretna, Louisiana.

Later
The achievements of the Civil rights movement led to a decline in trade at the Marsalis Motel when hotels and motels began to accept anyone as a guest regardless of color. Marsalis's Mansion (Motel) closed on 25 September 1986, and it was demolished in July 1993. The property was sold in July 2006. On January 9, 2015, the Jefferson Parish Historical Society erected an historical plaque on the former motel site, honouring Marsalis for his contributions to Jefferson Parish life and to the Civil rights movement.

References

1908 births
2004 deaths
People from Summit, Mississippi
American hoteliers
Businesspeople from New Orleans
Marsalis family
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American businesspeople

Ellis Marsalis Sr.


Halifax Town Association Football Club were an English football team who most recently played in the Conference National. The club had money problems and went into administration during the 2007–08 season, and after finishing 20th in the Conference National, were demoted by three divisions to the Unibond Division One North when the club failed to get a Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) passed. The club was reformed and renamed F.C. Halifax Town in July 2008.

English football clubs
2008 disestablishments in England

Halifax Town A.F.C.


I Can Get It for You Wholesale is a 1951 American romantic drama movie directed by Michael Gordon and based on the 1937 novel of the same name by Jerome Weidman. It stars Susan Hayward, Dan Dailey, George Sanders, Sam Jaffe, Harry von Zell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites

1951 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Michael Gordon

I Can Get It for You Wholesale (movie)


Carl Gunnar Michael Fant (October 8, 1919 – June 6, 2009) was a leading researcher in speech science in general and speech synthesis in particular who spent most of his career as a professor at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. He was a first cousin of the actors and directors George Fant and Kenne Fant.

Gunnar Fant received a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from KTH in 1945. He specialized in the acoustics of the human voice, measuring formant values, and continued to work in this area at Ericsson and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also took the initiative of creating a speech communication department at KTH, unusual at the time.

Fant's work led to the birth of a new era of speech synthesis with the introduction of powerful and configurable formant synthesizers. In 1960 he published the source-filter model of speech production, which became widely used. In the 1960s, Gunnar Fant's Orator Verbis Electris (OVE) competed with Walter Lawrence's Parametric Artificial Talker (PAT) in creating lifelike speech synthesis.

In later years, Gunnar Fant remained active in the area of speech synthesis, focusing mainly on research on prosody.

Fant received honorary doctorates from the Grenoble University (1978) and from Stockholm University (1988), and several other awards. In 1989, he was the inaugural recipient Scientific Achievement Medal of the International Speech Communication Association.  He also received the Swedish Academy Margit Påhlson award, and the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award (2003). He was a member
of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.

Bibliography
 Gunnar Fant (1970) Acoustic Theory of Speech Production. Mouton De Gruyter.
 Gunnar Fant (2006) Speech Acoustics and Phonetics: Selected Writings. Springer.
 Roman Jakobson, C. Gunnar M. Fant, and Morris Halle (1961) Preliminaries to Speech Analysis: The Distinctive Features and Their Correlates. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

References

Sources
 Dennis H. Klatt (1987). "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 82, No. 3, September 1987, pp. 737–793.

External links
Audio clips from Dennis Klatt's "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English"

1919 births
2009 deaths
Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Swedish scientists
20th-century Swedish engineers
Speech perception researchers
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Phoneticians

Gunnar Fant


Joe Feeney (August 15, 1931 – April 16, 2008) was an American tenor singer who was a member of The Lawrence Welk Show television program.

Early years
Born to an Irish-American family in Grand Island, Nebraska, Feeney had two brothers. He started singing as a boy soprano in St. Mary Cathedral, his parish church choir and after graduating from St. Mary's Cathedral High School, he landed a guest appearance on the show Youth Opportunity Hour. His mother Mary supported him in all of his activities.

Feeney studied at St. Benedict College in Atchison, Kansas, and at the University of Nebraska. While he attended to his studies at the University of Nebraska, he entered several singing contests, which included a spot on the Arlene Francis program, Talent Patrol. In 1956, while he was working at radio station WOW in Omaha, the station manager sent recordings of Feeney's voice to the Welk offices in Santa Monica, California where Lawrence Welk offered him a job on his show.

After their second child was born, Feeney had to drop out of the university for financial reasons. He sold children's encyclopedias until the position on the Welk show became available.

The Lawrence Welk Show
From 1957 to 1982, when the Welk show ended production, Feeney was the program's featured Irish tenor. Among his selection of musical numbers that were popular with the Welk audience were Danny Boy, Galway Bay, Sweet Leilani and the Mario Lanza classic Be My Love.

Other professional activities
He also has the distinction of singing for five US Presidents and performed at Carnegie Hall three times; in 1975 he sang for Pope Paul VI at the canonization of Mother Seton, the first native-born American saint.

Personal life
Feeney was the father of ten children with his first wife Georgia Lee Gryva, whom he met and married while they were at the University of Nebraska. One of his sons, Chris, is an accomplished opera singer in his own right and often sang with his father in concerts.

Death
Feeney, a non-smoker, died of emphysema at a hospice in Carlsbad, California on April 16, 2008. A son, Tim Feeney, said the family suspects he got the illness from years of exposure to second-hand smoke in clubs and casinos. He was survived by sons Joe Jr., George Patrick, Chris, Sean, Timothy, and Matt; daughters Kathy Feeney and Georgia Feeney, and nine grandchildren.

References

External links

Official Website

1931 births
2008 deaths
American tenors
Singers from Nebraska
Deaths from emphysema
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
People from Grand Island, Nebraska
Lawrence Welk
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers

Joe Feeney


Mambalam is a residential and commercial area in Chennai, India. It is known for its shops, bazaars and Hindu temples. It is bounded by Kodambakkam to the north and Saidapet to the south. T. Nagar and Nandanam stretch all along its eastern frontiers while Ashok Nagar lies to its west. The Ayodhya Mandapam is an important landmark.

Etymology
Mambalam is believed to have derived its name from the existence of Maha vilvam trees in the locality, which in due course become Mavilam and then Mambalam.

Alternatively, in ancient times it was descriptively known as Mylai mel ambalam (place located on the west of Mylai). It was shortly referred as mel-ambalam, finally converging colloquially over time as Mambalam.

With the Mambalam railway line dividing the locality into East Mambalam and West Mambalam, and with East Mambalam having renamed as "Thyagaraya Nagar", the western part continues to be known as "West Mambalam" today.

History
Prior to its inclusion in the then city of Madras, Mambalam was a village in the Saidapet taluk of Chingleput district. The oldest surviving reference to Mambalam is believed to be in a 1726 stone plaque commemorating the construction of the Marmalong Bridge (now known as Maraimalai Adigal Bridge) across the Adyar river by the merchant Coja Petrus Uscan. The bridge is believed to have been named after the village of Marmalong or Marmalan identified with Mambalam. The village was, then, a zamindari administered by zamindars belonging to a Telugu-speaking Reddi family.

Urbanisation of Mambalam was started in 1911 with the construction of the Mambalam railway station on the Madras-Kanchipuram railroad. The Long Tank, which formed the western frontier of Madras city, was drained out in 1923. The same year, the administration of Mambalam was handed over to the British by its zamindar. The township of Theagaraya Nagar, popularly known as T. Nagar, was constructed in the southern part of the zamindari during 1923–25. The townships of Mambalam and Theagaraya Nagar covering an area of 1.008 sq. miles were included in the Mambalam division of Madras city. These outlying residential suburbs were connected to the rest of the city by an effective bus service. The areas surrounding Arya Gowda Road (originally the Ari Gowder Road) were obtained from Badaga leader and politician H. B. Ari Gowder. In its early days, Mambalam was affected by sanitation issues and was notorious for its filaria epidemics. This area was annexed to Chennai in 1946.

Starting from the 1960s, Mambalam grew into a middle-class residential neighbourhood in counterbalance to the sister-township of Theagaraya Nagar which was evolving into a busy shopping district.

Corporation ward office
Mambalam has 3 corporation wards under the old zone of 8 and new zone 10. Ward no 123/133 and 125/135  comes under T.Nagar Constituency and Ward no 133/140 comes under Saidapet Constituency of South Chennai
 123/133 - Ram Colony
 125/135 - Thambiah Reddy Road
 133/140 - Reddy Kuppam road

Revenue Taluk and Police Station
Revenue Taluk
Mambalam comes under the Taluk of Mambalam which is situated in K.K. Nagar.

Police Station
Mambalam comes under the jurisdiction of R3 Ashok Nagar police station which serves people in and around Ayodhya Mandapam. Whereas R6 Kumaran Nagar police station serves people of Mambalam near Jafferkhanpet and Saidapet West.

Nearest Fire Service and Rescue Station is in Ashok Nagar.

Transport
West Mambalam is served by Mambalam railway station (the busiest station after Chennai Central, Egmore and Tambaram), providing access to Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore and Tambaram. The nearest bus terminus is T. Nagar. The bus service connects the area to K.K.Nagar, Vadapalani, Iyyppanthangal, Poonamallee, T. Nagar and Broadway (via Postal Colony), Mylapore and Vallalar Nagar (via Rangarajapuram) and Saligramam (via Brindavan Street), West Saidapet and Besant Nagar (via Mettupalayam). Other less frequent services connect the area to Taramani, Guindy Industrial Estate, Pattabiram, Tollgate and Kundrathur. Addition to that Small bus operated between Ashok Pillar to Liberty via 4th and 7th avenue of Ashok Nagar, Ayodhya Mandapam, Rangarajapuram. Nearest Metro Rail Station is Ashok Nagar.

Only 4 buses pass through this area, which connects to Broadway, Iyappanthangal, KK nagar etc.

Mambalam comes under RTO West which is situated K.K. Nagar next to Mambalam Taluk building.
The Licence Registration is TN-09.

Playgrounds
In Bhakthavathchalam street in Mambalam there is a playground popularly referred to as "Thambiah Reddy Ground". It is a relatively small ground and generally only cricket is played there. Many parks are also there. One of the parks is situated in Elliamman Koil Street and the park is called 'Kittu Park'.
Cartman Street West Mambalam most famous football ground which is called "PSN ground".

Landmarks
Temples: There are many historical temples which are more than 100 years old.

Ayodhya Mandapam which is said to be the place of vocalist offers place for many cultural events and many more for those who are religious. Other temples include Sathya Narayana Kovil, Kasi Viswanathar Koil, Kodhandaramar temple, Pushpa Vinayagar Kovil, Adhi Kesava Perumal Temple near Govindan Road, Muragashramam, Shree Muthu Mari Amman Temple(Ganapathy Street), Shree Jaya Muthu Mari Amman Temple(Brindavanam Street), Shree Periyapalayathu Amman Temple(Nr.Dhuraisamy Subway), Mahaganapathy temple (Arya Gowder road), Kali bari temple (Kali bari is a miniature replica of the famous Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata.). There is also a Shirdi Sai Baba temple (Jai Shankar Street), an Annai meditation center and GMCKS (Pranic Energy Healing with Meditation in No.9/6 Mahadevan St. West Mambalam Center) (serving the needy for All Chronic diseases and related Psychological problems.)

Mosque: Mosque is located in Chakrapani Street extension.

Church: ECI Church is located in Govindan road at Mettupalayam Bus Stop
"Church" Advent Church is located in Pal more street West Mambalam Subway Bus Stop.

Schools: SBSM Jain School, Ahobila Mutt Oriental School, JGHV School, Sitaram Vidhyalaya, Anjugam, Little Oxford, Sri Narayana Mission School, SRM Nightingale, GRT Mahalakshmi School, Hindu Vidhyalaya, Oxford Matriculation Higher Secondary School.

Theater: There is a one oldest theater in Mambalam called Srinivasa Theater. Another theater was there named National Theater which demolished in later 90's which was situated in Lake View Road

Sanskrit Research Centre: Fellowship of Sanskrit Culture, Sanskrit Teachers' Association, Sanskrit Research Centre are all located in one roof (37/16A Arangappan St) near Srinivasa theatre.

Notable People from Mambalam
 Ravichandran Ashwin: Indian Cricketer
 T.N.Seshagopalan : Carnatic Musician
 Komal Swaminathan: Tamil Playwright & Writer
 Ananthu: Screenwriter, Film director
  Dr.R.Thiagarajan ( Samskrita Ratna,Sanskrit Professor) Author and Orator in English,Tamil and Sanskrit, President Fellowship of Sanskrit Culture, Yajnavalkya Sabha

Location in context

References

 Ashoka Mithran (7 March 2009). "The Glorious West Mambalam". Chennai Online.
 Article on T. Nagar in The Hindu Business Line

Neighbourhoods in Chennai

Mambalam


Bua loi or bua loy (, , ) is a Thai dessert. It consists of rice flour rolled into small balls, and cooked in coconut milk and sugar. Some Bua loi also adds sweet egg into the recipe. It was inspired by Tangyuan, a Chinese dessert that is traditionally eaten around the Lantern festival. Bua Loi also traditionally eats at the Dongzhi Festival in Thailand, which is festival for the Chinese-Thai bloodline. There are a variety of versions of Bua loi such as using food coloring instead of natural color, using soy milk instead of Coconut cream, sliced Pumpkin to add inside rice balls, et cetera. There's other type of Bua loi in other country from China, Japan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Southern Vietnam. 1 cup of Bua Loy has total calories of 295.5 kilocalories, protein of 10.4 grams, carbohydrate of 6.3 grams, and fat of 25 grams.

History
There're Thai foods that inspiration and adapt from other country. Some of Thai foods inspiration from Portugal, and Chinese. The origin of Bua loi is around the Ayutthaya period by Maria Guyomar de Pinha or Thao Thong Kip Ma. Her father Fanik Guyomar from the Portuguese colony of Goa, was a Bengali Christian of mixed Portuguese and Japanese descent. Her mother was a Japanese and Portuguese named Ursula Yamada, whose family had emigrated to Thailand following the repression of Christianity in Japan during King Naresuan the Great period. In 1682, Maria married Constantine Phaulkon after he abandoned Anglicanism for Catholicism to show his sincerity. They had two sons, George "Jorge" Phaulkon and Constantin "João" Phaulkon, and lived a life of affluence as Phaulkon rose to become highly influential at the royal court of king Narai. During her government service as head of royal utensils caretaker who supervise royal utensils, she taught dessert cooking to Thai people, such as  Thong Yip (pinched gold egg yolks), Thong Yot (gold egg-yolks drops), and Foi Thong (in Portuguese called Fios de ovos mean "egg threads"). The first types of dessert were Kaikob, Nokprow, Ai Tue, and Bua Loi (At that time, the Bua Loi recipe used popped rice instead of Glutinous rice flour ).

In the King Narai period, Chinese peoples evacuate to Thailand to trade and work. And that includes working in cuisine for the palace. From the record, Bua Loi is inspired by Tang Yuan. When peanut was brought from the Philippines and white/black sesame entered China from Central Asia during the Han era, Bua Loi or "Tang Yuan" had a variety of fillings. The black sesame paste in ginger juice or Bua Loi in ginger broth is the most well-liked.

In King Rama I period, in the memo of Krom Luang Narintharathewi, wrote about the Celebration of the Emerald Buddha in 1809. During the festival, There're sweet decks for 2000 monks with are Chicken filling dessert, Foi Thong, Khanom Phing, Kluai Khaek, Rhum, Lhateang, Sangkhaya, and dessert in Kap Ho Khlong Hae boat to the sweet savory dishes poem. It is a royal poem wrote by Rama I praising desserts such as Khao Niao Sangkhaya, Lam Chiak dessert, Thong Yip, Bua Loi, et cetera.

Around the Chulalongkorn period, the time Thai cuisine recipes began to be published and officially recorded. Mae Khrua Hua Pa was the first Thai cookbook published by Lady Plian Phasakorawong. This cookbook is about a Thai tray of food recipes for monks, and the tray recipe also includes Bua loi's recipe.

Bua Loi is a Thai dessert used with pairs on auspicious ceremonies, make merit or festivals.

Dongzhi Festival

Dongzhi Festival, or Chinese Winter Solstice Festival, is a festival to mark the Winter Solstice – the day of the year with the shortest daylight (known as the shortest day). Traditionally, the holiday is celebrated around the 22nd of December each year. Each year, it is the last festival for Thais of Chinese descent. This festival usually cooks Bua Loi to pay respect to the guardian spirit for helping the family to have a smooth life throughout the year and pray for family safety. For the Dongzhi Festival, incense burners, red candles, incense, fruits, tea, and Bua Loi are used for worship.

Yuan Xiao Festival

People in Thailand refer to "元宵节" as the "Yuan Xiao Festival" or the "Lantern Festival." Chinese people place high importance on this holiday. According to the lunar calendar, a full moon first appears after the Chinese New Year. It symbolizes the end of New Year's festivities. Chinese people enjoy eating the Bua Loy dessert on that day because they think it will bring wealth to their families and themselves. They also went outside to view lanterns displayed along streets. There are a large number of Chinese Thai people in Thailand. When there are significant Chinese holidays, they frequently gather together to celebrate. Another important celebration is Yuan Xiao Festival. Chinatown (Yaowarat) in Bangkok and Chinese-Thai communities around the country celebrate the Yuan Xiao Festival yearly by preserving old Chinese traditions.

Other Countries
In other countries, There also have the dessert that are similar to Bua Loi. For an example:

China

Tang yuan, or sweet soup balls, are created with water and glutinous rice flour. Glutinous rice balls can be filled with various sweet ingredients, including sesame seeds, peanuts, lotus seed paste, and sweet red bean paste (Anko). More people are filling them with inventive flavors like durian, chocolate, and taro paste. They can be deep-fried or cooked in water or syrup.

Japan
Mochigome, or short-grain glutinous rice, is used to make mochi or Japanese rice cake. The rice is cooked first, then mashed and pounded. They are beautiful round buns made of chewy, soft rice. For many years, rice cake has been regarded as an essential celebration meal for the New Year. Japanese people can often consume mochi in a variety of forms. This is traditionally made in Japan at a ceremony known as "Mochitsuki." Make a powder out of glutinous rice by grinding it with water. This method was known as wet milling. Today, glutinous rice flour is used in most rice cakes with bean paste available in stores. Mochi powder has made it possible to produce it fast, with consistent quality, and at any time.

Indonesia
An Indonesian version of Tangyuan, a Chinese glutinous rice ball served in a hot broth or syrup, is called Wedang Ronde. Wedang is the Javanese word for beverage, and Ronde is a Dutch word for the round. The round, sugar- and the crushed peanut-filled ball are composed of glutinous rice flour. The method used to create the ball is similar to creating the Klepon. The sticky balls are served in a sweet ginger soup made with pandan leaves, fresh ginger, and palm sugar.

Myanmar

The traditional Burmese sweet snack known as mont lone yay paw, or round snack on the water, is made from a mixture of glutinous rice flour, rice flour, water, and salt. Smooth balls made from the mixture filling with palm jaggery or palm sugar. The rice balls used in this dish get their name from their tendency to float to the top of the boiling water or coconut milk in which they are cooked once they are finished. The rice dumplings are typically served on a banana leaf while still warm and often sprinkled with desiccated or shredded coconut. The traditional time to make Mont Lone Yay Paw is during festive occasions like Myanmar New Year (also known as Thingyan or Water Festival), when groups of friends, neighbors, and family members come together to roll batch of rice balls and cook them in a large pot of boiling water over an open fire.

Philippines

Ginataang Bilo-bilo with Langka is a Filipino snack dish. It makes of ripe jackfruit, coconut cream, sugar, sago pearls, and glutinous rice balls (known as bilo-bilo in the local language). Some people see this as a condensed form of the Ginataang halo-halo.

Southern Vietnam

Chè trôi nc is a Vietnamese dessert made of glutinous rice balls filled with mung beans and served with coconut sauce, toasted sesame seeds, and warm ginger syrup.

Nutrition
When cooked, 1 cup of Bua Loy has total calories of 295.5 kilocalories, protein of 10.4 g., carbohydrate of 6.3 g., and fat of 25 g.

See also
 List of Thai desserts
 Thong Yip
 Thong Yot
 Maria Guyomar de Pinha

References

Thai desserts and snacks
Glutinous rice dishes

Bua loi


MCOPPB is a drug which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the nociceptin receptor, with a pKi of 10.07 and much weaker activity at other opioid receptors. It has only moderate affinity for the mu opioid receptor, weak affinity for the kappa opioid receptor and negligible binding at the delta opioid receptor. In animal studies, MCOPPB produces potent anxiolytic effects, with no inhibition of memory or motor function, and only slight sedative side effects which do not appear until much higher doses than the effective anxiolytic dose range.

References

Nociceptin receptor agonists
Opioids

MCOPPB


Brooke Jaye Mueller (born August 19, 1977) is an American actress.

Early life
Mueller was born and raised in upstate New York. Her father, Allen Mueller, worked as a Miami and Key West police officer, a high school teacher, and a real-estate broker. He died in a motorcycle accident when Brooke was twelve. Her father was Lutheran and her mother, Moira Fiore, was Jewish. When she was 14, her mother married Florida-based millionaire Kenneth Wolofsky and moved to Florida. Mueller was a cheerleader at the Benjamin School in Palm Beach. Mueller has a brother, Scott Allen Mueller, and a half-sister, Sydney Wolofsky. Mueller's mother Moira Fiore is currently married to international singer/songwriter/actor Jon Fiore.

Career

Mueller has acted in film and worked as special correspondent on Extra. Her best known role was as Janet in the 1999 direct-to-video film Witchouse, credited as Brooke Allen. She also played Cassandra in the 2008 comedy film Strictly Sexual (also credited as Brooke Allen). In 2011, Mueller co-starred in The World According to Paris, a reality show alongside her friend Paris Hilton. She has also worked as real estate investor, including purchasing a home from Mel B in 2012, refurbishing it and reselling it nine months later for a $500,000 profit. She had also bought and flipped homes in the Los Angeles area neighborhoods Nichols Canyon (2005) and Los Feliz (2009).

Personal life
On May 30, 2008, Mueller married actor Charlie Sheen, having been engaged since 2007. The couple were introduced in 2006 by mutual friend Rebecca Gayheart. Mueller gave birth to their twin sons, Bob and Max, on March 14, 2009. On December 25, 2009, Sheen was arrested on suspicion of domestic abuse. The couple filed for divorce in November 2010. In March 2011, police removed the children from Sheen's home after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen. The divorce settlementwith Sheen paying her $750,000 per their prenuptial agreement, plus $55,000 per month in child support for their two sonswas approved by a Los Angeles Superior Court judge and became effective on May 2, 2011. Mueller and Sheen maintained a friendship afterwards.

In 1996, Mueller was arrested on DUI charges in Palm Beach County, Florida. In March 2001, she was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida for cocaine possession. In July 2011, Mueller completed an outpatient rehab program. In May 2013, officials from Department of Children and Family Services removed Mueller's then 4-year-old children from her care, when her suspected ongoing drug use made the house unsafe for them.  Mueller entered a rehab program soon after, while her sons were initially placed in the care of Denise Richards, Sheen's second ex-wife, and later transferred to the care of Mueller's brother Scott. In December 2014, full custody of her then 5-year-old sons was returned to Mueller by the court. Mueller walked barefoot into a bar with her sons and a nanny on the morning of November 16, 2016 and was taken to a hospital for evaluation.

In August 2019, Mueller voluntarily entered an inpatient trauma rehabilitation center, in a renewed effort to deal with her substance abuse problems, with her then 10-year-old sons going into the care of Mueller's parents.

Filmography

References

External links

1977 births
Actresses from New York (state)
American film actresses
Jewish American actresses
Living people
People from Palm Beach, Florida
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American actresses

Brooke Mueller