Qausuittuq National Park (pronounced Qow-soo-ee-tooq, from Inuktitut meaning place where the sun does not rise) is a national park located on northwest Bathurst Island in Nunavut. It was established on September 1, 2015, becoming Canada's 45th national park.

This area was chosen to represent the Western High Arctic natural region, one of 39 such regions identified by Parks Canada. This region encompasses most of the high Arctic Archipelago (the Queen Elizabeth Islands and the Grinnell Peninsula on Devon Island, but not Ellesmere Island or Axel Heiberg Island). The park also protects important Peary caribou habitat.  It is north of the existing Polar Bear Pass National Wildlife Area.

History
Archaeological studies in the Bathurst Island area indicate occasional human use over the past 4500 years by prehistoric as well as historic Dorset and Thule Inuit.  Human presence fluctuated with changes in climate, ice cover and the corresponding availability of wildlife for subsistence.  Human use was primarily in the southern and eastern part of Bathurst Island, rather than within the proposed park area itself.

The area was explored by British naval expeditions during the mid-nineteenth century, primarily those associated with the search for the lost Franklin expedition.  Several cairns remain on the north coast.  Exploration of the area continued sporadically, including scientific and commercial studies beginning during the 1960s.

The community of Resolute, located on Cornwallis Island to the southeast of the park, was established in 1953. Inuit from the community use the land and waters of the Bathurst Island area to hunt and fish.

A park feasibility study was initiated in 1994.  The work included a Mineral and Energy Resources Assessment.  This report was released in 1999 and the overall park feasibility study was concluded in 2000. The lands on northern Bathurst Island were first withdrawn for the purpose of establishing a national park in 1996. In 2009 Parks Canada entered into negotiations with the communities most closely connected to the proposed park with respect to establishing an Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreement (IIBA) for the establishment of the park.

In 2015, the federal government introduced a bill to create the park, which received approval on June 24. The law specified that it would come into force on either the day of approval or on September 1, 2015—whichever came latest. With approval given in June, the park was legally created on September 1.

The proposed name of the park was "Tuktusiuqvialuk National Park". The Qausuittuq name was selected through a contest in the local area.

Qausuittuq National Park was open to the public and received its first visitors in 2016.

Geology and climate
The park geology is composed primarily of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, sandstone and dolomite.  The area was glaciated in the past as evidenced by landforms such as eskers, moraines and beach terraces.  The area is generally rolling hills.

Bathurst Island has a cold dry climate.  The cool central Arctic climate pushes almost unimpeded into the low-lying islands of the northwest and north-central sector of the Queen Elizabeth islands; reaching to Bathurst Island.  Mean temperatures range from -35 °C in January to 5 °C in July. Annual precipitation is less than 130 mm.

Flora and fauna

The severe climate limits soil and nutrient development, which in turn limits vegetation.  This region has low vascular plant diversity and is dominated by herbaceous species. Plants include purple saxifrage, dwarf willow, sedges, grasses, lichens and mosses.

Terrestrial wildlife species adapted to this environment include Peary caribou, muskoxen, wolves, Arctic foxes and bird species such as snowy owls, snow geese, king eiders, jaegers as well as various gulls and shorebirds.  Marine species in the area include ringed seals, bearded seals, polar bears, walruses, bowhead whales, beluga whales and narwhals.

See also
 List of national parks of Canada

References

National parks in Nunavut
Protected areas established in 2015
2015 establishments in Canada

Qausuittuq National Park


The Berwald Hall () is a concert hall situated in a park landscape at Dag Hammarskjölds väg 3 in the Östermalm district of Stockholm, Sweden.  Construction on the building began in 1976 based on a design by architects Erik Ahnborg and Sune Lindström.  The hall is shaped as a hexagon.

The seating is 1,302 places, of which 482 are in the stalls. The hall won a Europa Nostra architecture award as an "admirably sensitive designed concert hall".

History

In 1966, the head of Swedish radio Olof Rydbeck and director of music Karl-Birger Blomdahl approached the then Minister of Transport and Communications Olof Palme about the need for a new home for the national radio orchestra where they could rehearse, record and give concerts in the same hall. Plans began in the 1970s.

The hall was originally supposed be located at the end of the Karlavägen esplanade but was moved further along the water. The site was selected to allow the hall to merge with nature and was positioned in the rock so it would not look too large. The interior hexagonal shape was partly for acoustic reasons, but the hall had to be acoustically adjusted several times subsequently. Gaps between the wood panels were adjusted to control the reverberation time.

Concert activity

The inaugural concert was on 30 November 1979. Herbert Blomstedt conducted the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra and Choir in Franz Berwald's Sinfonie singulière, a commission from Sven-Erik Bäck - the cantata 'Vid havets yttersta gräns' (words by Östen Sjöstrand), and the Symphonie fantastique by Berlioz.

Since 1979, the Berwald Hall has been home not only to the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra, but also to the Swedish Radio Choir. It also welcomes guest orchestras from Sweden and abroad. Most SRSO concerts at the hall are broadcast live nationally on P2 while others are also broadcast via the European Broadcasting Union.

The Berwald Hall is named after Franz Berwald one of Sweden's foremost composers of the 19th century.  At the main entrance to the concert hall there is a sculpture of Berwald by the Swedish artist Carl Eldh.

Since 2003, the Östersjöfestivalen (Baltic Sea Festival) in late summer each year is based at the Berwald Hall for a series of events. Orchestras from around the Baltic and northern Europe participate, including youth ensembles.

The building is sometimes casually called "the mine" (gruvan) in reference to the hall's location partially underground. Diplomatstaden and the American embassy are located next to the Berwald Hall.

References

External links
Swedish Radio - Berwaldhallen (Swedish)

Culture in Stockholm
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Concert halls in Sweden
Tourist attractions in Stockholm
Music venues completed in 1979
1979 establishments in Sweden

Berwald Hall


The Bucellini–Ruard Manor, commonly referred to as the Ruard Manor (), is a 16th-century manor house located in the Sava neighbourhood of the town of Jesenice in northwestern Slovenia, at the street address of 45 France Prešeren Street (). It is one of four so-called "ironworks castles" built in the area during the 16th and early 17th centuries by the owners of iron-mining and -processing facilities, in what were then the clustered settlements of Plavž, Sava, Murova and Javornik, amalgamated into the town of Jesenice in 1929. The Kos Manor in Murova also survives; the Plavž and Javornik manors were demolished.

The Ruard Manor was built in 1538 by the Italian businessman Bernardo Bucellini, who had recently relocated to Sava from Bergamo and whose family would come to dominate the iron mining and processing industry of the entire upper Sava valley. Unlike the Kos manor, Bucelenni chose to locate this residence close to the ironworks themselves. The Bucellinis were very successful for a time, and were ennobled during the 17th century, taking the name "von Reichenberg" after the German name of their ore mines at Savske Jame. In 1686 the family was elevated to counthoood.

The manor gained the second half of its current name in 1766, when Valentin Ruard, a Belgian entrepreneur, bought the entire estate and restored the failing ironworks surrounding it. Leopold Ruard, his son, was mayor of Jesenice under the brief period of French rule. In 1831, the manor was expanded and reconstructed in the Neoclassical style. In the next generation, it passed out of Ruard hands, as Viktor Ruard was unable to obtain capital for the modernization of the family ironworks, and was forced to sell both them and the manor to the KID company in 1871, which converted it into clerks' housing (much like the nearby Workers' Barracks).

Since 1954, the manor has served as a museum, and later became the seat of the Upper Sava Museum. It hosts several permanent exhibits:
Historical museum of the iron and steel industry in the Jesenice region, featuring tools, artifacts and motorized maquettes of industrial facilities
Paleontological collection of the Palaeozoic flora and fauna of the western Karawanks
Mineral collection

References

Houses completed in 1538
Manors in Slovenia
History museums in Slovenia
Jesenice, Jesenice
1538 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire

Ruard Manor


Yawning Heights () is the first published novel by Soviet philosopher Alexander Zinoviev. Zinoviev expressed skepticism and frustration toward writings that attempted to expose and reveal the evils of Soviet communism. Zinoviev chose, instead, to satirize and ridicule Soviet society in Yawning Heights, presented as the city / nation of Ibansk. The novel has been compared to the writings of Jonathan Swift, Lewis Carroll, and others.

Everyone in Yawning Heights is named Iban Ibanovich Ibanov, so each is instead referred to by a descriptive name, rather than their proper name. Some are recognizable. In the book, one of the characters writes a satirical novel critical of his society. The character knows that the Brothers (KGB) are searching his house to find his controversial book. This represents the level of metafiction.

Satire
As a logician, Zinoviev was able to reduce many features of Soviet communism to what he calls "scientific laws". The book is also filled with numerous paradoxes and logical twists, à la Catch-22. The book begins with a logically reflexive definition: a preface claims that the book details the result of an experiment. The preface identifies the purpose of the experiment: "to uncover those who disapprove of its implementation, and to take the appropriate measures".

One satire in a late chapter is that, after conquering the whole world in the Great Ibanskian Kissoff, the leaders of Ibansk discover another nation, Sub-Ibansk, whose inhabitants live underground beneath Ibansk and subsist on the sewage generated by Ibansk.

Title
The title of the book is a pun on a cliche of Soviet ideological propaganda, describing communism as the "Shining heights".  The words "yawning" and "shining" in Russian are identical, except for the first letter: a Z in the case of "yawning", and an S in the case of "shining".

The "yawning" in the generally accepted translation of the Russian title does not refer to a "yawn" but rather to its meaning as in "yawning abyss".  To capture the paradoxical nature of the Russian title, someone suggested that a better translation would have been "abysmal heights" (the primary meaning of abysmal derives from abyss).

English translation
Yawning Heights was translated into English by Gordon Clough and published in 1979.

References

1976 Russian novels
Soviet novels
Russian speculative fiction novels

Yawning Heights


The Near 3 kpc Arm (formerly also called Expanding 3 kpc Arm or simply 3 kpc Arm) was discovered in the 1950s by astronomer van Woerden and collaborators through 21-centimeter radio measurements of HI (atomic hydrogen). It was found to be expanding away from the center of the Milky Way at more than 50 km/s. This spiral arm contains about 10 million solar masses of gas, mostly hydrogen atoms and molecules. It is named for its distance (more accurately, 3.3 kpc) from the Galactic Center. It is about 5.2 kpc from the Sun, and is located in the fourth galactic quadrant.

The last attempt to search for star forming regions in the Near 3 kpc Arm (in 1980) showed little star formation occurring in the numerous molecular clouds of this arm.

Along with the Far 3 kpc Arm discovered in 2008, these inner arms establish the Milky Way galaxy's simple symmetry.

See also
Galactic disc

References

Milky Way arms
Galactic astronomy
Spiral galaxies

Near 3 kpc Arm


Green florescent protein (GFP) is a protein that is found in moon jellyfish. It helps scientists look at cell molecules. There is another substance the is called RFP that serves the same purpose but is red, and is found in coral.

For GFP scientists have learned that if you take away one molecule it can change the whole color of the substance, along with if you add a molecule to the original substance it will also change the color. Scientists have made the colors cyan (ECFP) and pink (mRaspberry). The GFP is a florescent substance that is kind of like a highlighter.

Proteins

Green fluorescent protein


Medio is a business-to-business mobile web analytics provider based in Seattle, Washington. The company processes pre-existing data to provide historic and predictive analytics. Medio is built on a cloud-based Hadoop platform and is designed to interpret big data for mobile enterprise. Medio has had partners including: IBM, Rovio, Verizon, T-Mobile, ABC, and Disney.

Medio was founded in 2004 by Brian Lent, Bill Bryant, David Bluhm, and Michael Libes and employed 40 people. Founded to be the 'Google' of mobile search engines, Medio was backed by $30 million in initial venture funding from  companies including: Accel Partners, Mohr Davidow Ventures, and Frazier Technology Ventures.

Medio received $11 million more in 2006 to create a mobile analytics search engine capable of searching for ringtones, graphics, and internet-delivered information. This sparked employment to over 100 employees for some time, but in 2009 Google released their new mobile search engine. Rob Lilleness, who joined the company as President and COO in 2007 and was subsequently named CEO in 2009, took that as an opportunity to refocus as a predictive analytics and data science provider, using their recommendations engine as a key component of their newly focused company. The shift resulted in lay-offs of much of the staff, scaling back to nearly 60 employees.

By the end of 2010, the company became profitable, nearly tripling its sales from previous years. Medio grew to 70 employees with a total of $44 million in venture funding.

On July 1, 2014, Medio was acquired by Nokia.

References

External links
 Medio.com Website

Analytics companies
Big data companies
Mobile technology companies
Software companies established in 2004

Medio (company)


The 1994 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 100th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.

Patrickswell were the defending champions.

On 23 October 1994, Kilmallock won the championship after a 1–12 to 0–12 defeat of Bruree in a final replay. It was their eighth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

Results

Final

References

Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Limerick Senior Hurling Championship


Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties (released in some countries as Garfield 2) is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Tim Hill and written by Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow. It is the sequel to the 2004 film Garfield: The Movie. The film stars Breckin Meyer and Jennifer Love Hewitt reprising their roles as Jon Arbuckle and Dr. Liz Wilson respectively, and Bill Murray reprising his role as the voice of Garfield. New cast members include Billy Connolly, Ian Abercrombie, Roger Rees, Lucy Davis and Oliver Muirhead in live-action roles and Tim Curry, Bob Hoskins, Rhys Ifans, Vinnie Jones, Joe Pasquale, Richard E. Grant, and Jane Leeves as the voices of the film's new animal characters. In the film, Garfield, Odie, Liz and Jon travel to the United Kingdom, where Prince, another cat that looks exactly like Garfield, is ruling over a castle after the death of his owner. His reign is soon jeopardized by an evil aristocrat, who plans to remodel the castle into condominiums, destroy the estate, and get rid of Prince.

Produced by Davis Entertainment for 20th Century Fox, it was released in the United States on June 16, 2006. Despite being a commercial success, grossing $143 million against its $60 million budget, like its predecessor, the film also received generally negative reviews from critics. A video game of the same name was developed by The Game Factory.

Plot
Two years after the events of the first film, Jon Arbuckle plans to propose to his girlfriend, veterinarian Dr. Elizabeth "Liz" Wilson, who is going on a business trip to London. Jon follows Liz to the United Kingdom as a surprise; after escaping from a kennel, Jon's two pets, Garfield and Odie, sneak into Jon's luggage and join him on the trip. Garfield and Odie break out of the hotel room due to boredom, and subsequently get lost in the streets of London.

Meanwhile, at Carlyle Castle in the English countryside, the late Lady Eleanor Carlyle's will is read by the solicitors, Mr. Hobbs, Mr. Greene and Mrs. Whitney. She bequeaths Carlyle Castle to Prince XII, her beloved cat who lives a strong life of luxury, and bears a strong resemblance to Garfield. This enrages the Lady's greedy nephew, Lord Manfred Dargis, who will now only inherit the grand estate once Prince passes away. Lord Dargis traps Prince in a picnic basket and throws him into the river. Jon finds Prince climbing out of a drain and takes him to the hotel after mistaking him for Garfield, while Prince's butler, Smithee, finds Garfield in the street and takes him to Carlyle Castle after mistaking him for Prince.

In the grand estate, Garfield receives a great deal of special treatment, including a butler and a group of four-legged followers, lead by Prince's loyal bulldog servant, Winston. Winston convinces the animals to tolerate and protect Garfield in order to prevent Lord Dargis from getting his hands on the estate, which he plans to turn into a resort by demolishing the area and slaughtering the animals. With Garfield's presence, Dargis thinks Prince has returned and fears that the solicitors will not sign the estate over for him. He makes many attempts to kill Garfield, but fails every time due to the animals interfering. Garfield befriends the animals and teaches them how to make lasagna while Prince learns how to be an ordinary pet. Despite both of them enjoying their new lifestyles, they soon begin to miss their old lives, Garfield especially after overhearing the animals complaining about his slobby and selfish attitude for a royal cat.

Eventually, Garfield and Prince meet each other face to face after both attempt to return to their old lives. Garfield, having understood what is at stake for Prince and his subjects, convinces them to help him defeat Dargis. Jon and Odie discover the mix-up and go to the castle, which Liz is coincidentally visiting.

Garfield and Prince taunt Dargis, whose plan is exposed, and the two cats are seen by the solicitors. Dargis barges in, holding a blunderbuss and threatening the solicitors if they do not sign the estate over for him while also taking Liz hostage. Jon attempts to force Dargis to release Liz by holding a crossbow at him, only for Dargis to threaten to kill Jon for getting involved in the first place. Garfield and Prince, with the help of Odie, save the day while Smithee alerts the authorities and Dargis is arrested for his crimes. Garfield, who had been trying to stop Jon from proposing to Liz, has a change of heart: he helps Jon propose to Liz, and she accepts.

Cast

Live action
 Breckin Meyer as Jon Arbuckle, the owner of Garfield and Odie.
 Jennifer Love Hewitt as Dr. Liz Wilson, Jon's veterinarian girlfriend/fiancée.
 Billy Connolly as Lord Manfred Dargis, an evil lord who wants to remodel Carlyle Castle into condominiums.
 Ian Abercrombie as Smithee, the Carlyle Castle butler.
 Roger Rees as Mr. Hobbs, a solicitor.
 Lucy Davis as Abby Westminister, a solicitor.
 Jane Carr as Mrs. Whitney, a solicitor.
 Oliver Muirhead as Mr. Greene, a solicitor.
 Ben Falcone as an American tourist.
 JB Blanc as porter.

Voice cast
 Bill Murray as Garfield, an orange tabby cat who loves lasagna.
 Tim Curry as Prince XII, an English cat who is a twin counterpart of Garfield.
 Bob Hoskins as Winston, an English bulldog who is Prince's servant.
 Rhys Ifans as McBunny, a Scottish-accented Belgian hare.
 Vinnie Jones as Rommel, a rottweiler who is Lord Dargis's former companion.
 Jim Piddock as Bolero, a Spanish Fighting Bull.
 Joe Pasquale as Claudius, a rat.
 Greg Ellis as Nigel, a ferret.
 Richard E. Grant as Preston, a Scarlet Macaw.
 Sharon Osbourne as Christophe, a goose.
 Jane Leeves as Eenie, a duck.
 Jane Horrocks as Meenie, a duck.
 Roscoe Lee Browne as the Narrator.

Release

Box office
Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties grossed $28.4 million in North America, and $113.3 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $141.7 million. The film opened to number seven in its first weekend, grossing $7.3 million. According to 20th Century Fox, the studio was aware that the film would not make as much as the first, and only made it based on the worldwide success of the first film.

Home media
The film was released on DVD on October 10, 2006. The DVD includes a "Drawing with Jim Davis" featurette, teaching viewers how to draw Garfield, Odie and Garfield's teddy bear Pooky, and two games: Garfield's Maze, and Odie's Photo Album. It also includes a music video, trailers, featurettes, a new Garfield comic strip by creator Jim Davis, along with a making of the strip featurette and an extended cut with eight minutes of footage not seen in theaters.
The theatrical cut of the film, which is 77 minutes long, is included on the DVD along with the extended version, which is 85 minutes long.
The film was released on a 3-disc Blu-ray/DVD/digital copy combo pack on October 11, 2011, alongside its predecessor.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a low rating of 12% from 78 surveyed critics, with an average rating of 3.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Strictly for (very) little kids, A Tale of Two Kitties features skilled voice actors but a plot that holds little interest." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 37 out of 100 based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, the same grade earned by its predecessor.

Joe Leydon of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "Good kitty! Superior in every way to its underwhelming predecessor, Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties is a genuinely clever kidpic that should delight moppets, please parents – and maybe tickle a few tweens." Janice Page of The Boston Globe gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "You'll only be attracted to Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties if you're very young, you're very easily entertained, or you just can't get enough of Jim Davis's lasagna-scarfing cartoon cat." Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties is actually funnier and more charming than the first film." Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "Connolly, bless him, throws himself heartily into the task of acting opposite a computer-generated cat given to bad puns and flatulence. Everyone else, however, looks mortified, and can you blame them?" Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film one out of four stars, saying "The best thing that can be said about Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties is that the movie isn't quite as bad as its name." Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club gave the film a C, saying "Two Kitties marks a considerable improvement over its predecessor. It's faster paced and the filmmakers wisely shift the focus away from bland owner Breckin Meyer and onto a menagerie of chattering animals. After a dreadful first entry, Two Kitties elevates the Garfield series almost to the level of mediocrity." Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "It comes off like a coughed-up furball: a wan rehash with too many elements of the hard-to-swallow 2004 original."

Accolades
The film was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards in 2006, one in the category "Worst Prequel or Sequel", and one in the category "Worst Excuse for Family Entertainment", but lost to Basic Instinct 2 and RV, respectively.

See also
 The Prince and the Pauper
 A Tale of Two Cities

References

External links

 Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties Trailer at Apple.com (Requires Quick Time Player)

2006 films
2006 comedy films
2000s English-language films
American sequel films
American comedy films
Films about dogs
Films about cats
Films about pets
Films set in castles
Films set in London
Films shot in England
Films shot in London
Films about royalty
Films produced by John Davis
Animated films set in London
American films with live action and animation
Garfield films
Garfield (film series)
Live-action films based on comics
Live-action films based on animated series
Films based on The Prince and the Pauper
20th Century Fox films
Davis Entertainment films
Dune Entertainment films
Films scored by Christophe Beck
Films directed by Tim Hill
Films with screenplays by Joel Cohen
Films with screenplays by Alec Sokolow
2000s American films

Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties


Slavyanka (, "Slavic woman") or Orvilos (), formerly known as Alibotush (from Turkish Alibotuş) and Kitka Planina (Китка планина), is a mountain located on the border of southwestern Bulgaria and northernmost Greece, located south of the Pirin Mountains and connected with it by the Paril Saddle. The highest peak of Slavyanka is Gotsev Vrah at 2,212 m, while other notable peaks include Golyam Tsarev Vrah (2,186 m), Malak Tsarev Vrah (2,087 m), Shabran (2,196 m) and Salyuva Dzhamiya (2,027 m). The Bulgarian section of the mountain is part of the Ali Botush Reserve.

The massif is dome-shaped and has very steep ridges. Slavyanka has a pronounced karst character and thus features over 30 caves, attracting many speleologists. The climate has a considerable Mediterranean influence, with precipitation being at its highest in the autumn and winter and at its lowest in the summer, and the average temperatures being higher than in the rest of the country at this height. The average annual temperature in the lowest part of the mountain is almost 14°C and about 6 °C in the highest part.

Slavyanka has a rich flora, with more than 1,700 vascular plants, including 20 Bulgarian endemic species and five that can be found nowhere else in the country. The low part of the mountain is rich in European Black Pine, while the Bosnian Pine grows at over 1,800 m above sea level, making Slavyanka the place with the highest concentration of the species in the Balkans. The fauna is represented not only by typical species for Bulgaria such as the deer, Wild Boar, hare, fox and badger, but also by characteristically Mediterranean animals like the jackal, the rare European Cat Snake, several species of tortoises and lizards, etc. There have been found 44 species of terrestrial gastropods in the Bulgarian part of the Alibotush Mountains. Twenty-four species of these terrestrial gastropods have Mediterranean type of distribution.

References

External links

  Greek Mountain Flora
 Orvilos - Menoikio - Vrontou (Lailias) terrain map by Geopsis

Rhodope mountain range
Two-thousanders of Bulgaria
Two-thousanders of Greece
Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province
Biosphere reserves of Bulgaria
Bulgaria–Greece border
International mountains of Europe

Slavyanka (mountain)


Afghanite, (Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6, is a hydrous sodium, calcium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, carbonate alumino-silicate mineral. Afghanite is a feldspathoid of the cancrinite group and typically occurs with sodalite group minerals. It forms blue to colorless, typically massive crystals in the trigonal crystal system. The lowering of the symmetry from typical (for cancrinite group) hexagonal one is due to ordering of Si and Al.  It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and a specific gravity of 2.55 to 2.65. It has refractive index values of nω=1.523 and nε=1.529. It has one direction of perfect cleavage and exhibits conchoidal fracture.  It fluoresces a bright orange.

It was discovered in 1968 in the Lapis-lazuli Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan and takes its name from that country. It has also been described from localities in Germany, Italy, the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, near Lake Baikal in Siberia, New York and Newfoundland. It occurs as veinlets in lazurite crystals in the Afghan location and in altered limestone xenoliths within pumice in Pitigliano, Tuscany, Italy.

It is used as a gemstone.

See also
 List of gemstones
 List of minerals

References

Sodium minerals
Potassium minerals
Calcium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Feldspathoid
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 159
Gemstones

Afghanite


Clubul Sportiv Pandurii Lignitul Târgu Jiu (English: Târgu Jiu Lignite Pandurs Sports Club) is a Romanian association football club from Târgu Jiu, Gorj County. They currently play in the Liga II.

Pandurii Târgu Jiu was founded in August 1963 after two clubs, Flacăra-Unirea Târgu Jiu and CIL Târgu-Jiu, came together. Their best performance in the Liga I was 2nd place in the 2012/13 season. They then qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League, and made it to the group stage after defeating Levadia Tallinn, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Braga in the qualification and play-off rounds.

Since 1963, the club has played at the Stadionul Tudor Vladimirescu. The stadium was demolished in 2015, and a new stadium will be built which will hold 12,000 people.

Honours

Liga I
Runners-up (1): 2012–13
Third Place (1):  2015–16
Liga II
Winners (1): 2004–05
Runners-up (1): 2003–04
Liga III
Winners (4): 1976–77, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1999–00
Runners-up (2): 1975–76, 1983–84

Cups
Cupa Ligii
Runners-up (1): 2014–15

References

Other websites

 Official website
 CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu  at Liga I
Stadionul Tudor Vladimirescu

Romanian football clubs
1963 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania

CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu


Implosive consonants are made up of stop consonants (and sometimes some affricates) with a mixed together glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream (when the air stream is made by the lungs, ribs, and diaphragm) mechanism. That is, the airstream is used by moving the glottis down in addition to pushing air from the lungs. So, not like the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can be changed by phonation. Contrastive implosives are seen in around 13% of the world's languages.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by changing the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a right-facing hook: ⟨ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ⟩.

Voicing
When the throat is closed, pulling the glottis down stretches, or decreases pressure in, the air in the vocal tract. The throat is then opened. In languages whose implosives are more common, that may result in air rushing into the mouth before it flows out again with the next vowel. To take in air sharply in that way is to "implode" a sound.

But, usually there is no movement of air at all, which contrasts with the pulmonary plosives. This is the case with many of the Kru languages, for example. That means that implosives are phonetically sonorants (not obstruents) as the concept of sonorant is usually defined. However, implosives can phonologically pattern as both; that is, they may be phonological sonorants or obstruents depending on the language.

George N. Clements (2002) actually proposes that implosives are phonologically neither obstruents nor sonorants.

The vast majority of implosive consonants are voiced, so the glottis is only partially closed. Because the airflow required for voicing lowers the vacuum being created in the mouth, implosives are easiest to make with a large oral cavity.

Consonants

Implosive consonant


Analea Keohokālole (1816–1869) was a Hawaiian chiefess and matriarch of the House of Kalākaua that ruled the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi from 1874 to 1893. Her Hawaiian name Keohokālole means "the straight hair of her own father's tresses" and was given to her at birth by Queen Kaʻahumanu.

Life
Keohokālole was born at Kailua-Kona, Hawaii in 1816. She was daughter of the High Chiefess Kamaeokalani and the High Chief ʻAikanaka. Through her father she was descended from Kame'eiamoku and Keawe-a-Heulu two of the four Kona chiefs that supported Kamehameha I.

In 1833 she married Caesar Kapaʻakea, a chief of lesser rank and her first cousin. Their union produced more than ten children. They were among the few Hawaiian chiefs to have such a large family. Many nobles of their time died very young and issueless. Their children were: James, David, Lydia, Anna, Kaʻiminaʻauao,  Miriam, and Leleiohoku.  She inherited vast tracts of land from her paternal grandmother Keohohiwa and great uncle Naihe.
Like many of the high chiefs, she quickly found herself land rich but cash poor. The wealthiest chief was the monarch with landholding worth perhaps $1.3 billion in today's dollars. Unlike the monarch, the average high chief got an award, after taxes, of perhaps just a bit over $3.5 million. Keohokālole gained lands worth quite a bit more than the average chief. By the time of her death, only half the land she inherited from her father remained, which had to be divided by her four surviving children: David, William, Miriam and Lydia. When David Kalākaua became king less than twenty years later he had no great personal wealth. His lack of money and his attempts at securing income commensurate with his view of his station caused his reign to be dogged by bribery and corruption scandals.

She served as a member of the House of Nobles from 1841 to 1847, and on the King's Privy Council 1846 to 1847.
She died at Hilo, on April 5 or April 6, 1869.

Initially buried in the Kawaiahaʻo Cemetery, her son Kalākaua had her remains removed to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii on November 30, 1875.

There is a road named Ane Keohokālole highway near Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.

Family tree

References

1816 births
1869 deaths
Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
House of Kalākaua
Hawaiian Kingdom politicians
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council
Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)
People from Kailua-Kona, Hawaii
Native Hawaiian women in politics

Keohokālole


Ervin Szabó (born as Samuel Armin Schlesinger; 23 August 1877 – 29 September 1918) was a Hungarian social scientist, librarian and anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary.

Life
Born Samuel Armin Schlesinger, Szabó's parents were assimilationist Jews from Árva County. He studied law at the University of Vienna, where he completed his doctorate in 1899. and wrote for Népszava, a Social-democratic newspaper. In 1911, he became director of Budapest's Metropolitan Library (which now bears his name). He modelled his library after the British public library system. The library was purged of communists including Szabo's supporters on the library staff like Blanka Pikler.

He advanced academically, becoming the vice-president of the Hungarian Association of Social Science (Társadalomtudományi Társaság) in 1906.

After 1905, he began to move away from social democracy towards revolutionary syndicalism, and translated the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels into Hungarian. He wrote articles for socialist journals Die Neue Zeit and Le Mouvement socialiste. He became associates with Georges Sorel, Karl Kautsky, Franz Mehring, Georgi Plekhanov, and later, with Hubert Lagardelle. He became a leader of the Hungarian anti-war movement during the First World War.

References

1877 births
1918 deaths
Jewish anarchists
Jewish Hungarian writers
Writers from Budapest
Anarcho-syndicalists
Hungarian anarchists
Hungarian librarians
Jewish Hungarian politicians
Writers from Austria-Hungary

Ervin Szabó


Arthur Noble ( – February 11, 1747) was a lieutenant colonel in the colonial militia of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.  He is best known for his role in military actions in Nova Scotia during King George's War (the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession).  He was killed in the Battle of Grand Pré.

Early life
He was born in  Enniskillen, Ireland, and immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, c. 1720 with the Lithgow family, being a close associate with Robert Lithgow. Both families entered the colonial militia and helped to ward off numerous attacks of French and Indians along the banks of Casco Bay and the Kennebec River during the War of the Austrian Succession and the conflicts that led to the French and Indian Wars. On December 14, 1725, Arthur Noble married Sarah Macklin.

Louisbourg expedition

Noble was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of Col. Waldo's Regiment to be raised for the expedition to reduce the Fortress Louisbourg, one of the strongest forts in New France. Within fifty-six days, the New England provinces raised 4,300 men for the Louisburg Expedition. Waldo was made brigadier-general and gave about a fourth of his command in charge to Col. Noble. The fall of Louisburg on June 17, 1745, heightened the fears of the French that they might lose all of Canada.

Battle of Grand Pré

In November 1746, Noble headed to Georgetown "being bound on an expedition against the enemies of the King of Great Britain,".  He served at Fort Richmond (Maine).  He made his last will, which was proved in the spring of 1747. In it, he named as heirs his brothers, Francis and James, his daughter, Sarah (Noble) Lithgow, and his son Arthur II. He left a large estate, his personal property having been valued at about £8,000.

After the fall of Louisbourg, this set the stage for the battle of Minas. The arrival of French troops in the Minas Basin at the top of the Bay of Fundy, and their subsequent establishment at Beaubassin, suggested to the Governor of Nova Scotia, Maj. Gen. Paul Mascarene, that the fortification of Grand-Pré was in danger. Thus, he petitioned Governor William Shirley of Massachusetts, for additional troops to be sent to Nova Scotia so that the French troops could be driven away and British authority could be affirmed. At Shirley's recommendation, it was resolved to send a reinforcement of five hundred troops, the units being divided into two divisions of 250 men. The first division was led by Captain Morris, who arrived on December 24, 1746. The second division, led by Noble, arrived a month later. The troops were then quartered among the people of Grand-Pré, stationed in twenty-four houses. They considered themselves perfectly secure during the severe months of winter, and did not take basic security precautions.

French intelligence reported the arrival of these New England reinforcements. Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers was assigned by de Ramezay to carry out a preemptive strike against Morris and Noble's men. The French Canadian force totaled six hundred troops, who were divided into ten divisions, each consisting of twenty-eight Canadians with an accompaniment of Indians. Coulon's own company had the strength of seventy-five men. The French army was about a mile and a half from their destination, when the attack was planned by Coulon, who knew precisely the New England troop's disposition.

At two in the morning, on February 11, 1747, the French army left their bivouac, advancing through snow that had been falling for thirty hours, so that in certain areas, it was four feet (over one meter) deep. A raging storm of unusual severity had taken the night. It was so stormy that many of the New Englander troops were convinced that attack was impossible, thus deterring an active watch. It was three o'clock in the morning when the French army reached assault position. Owing to the thick falling snow, they were unseen until close upon the New England sentries. Despite the storm, their Acadian guides were unerring in leading the French Canadian army to the houses where the English troops were posted.

It was reported that some shots were initially fired to alarm the others. However, Coulon's assault was so swift, the doors of the houses they attacked were easily forced opened, surprising Noble's troops in their beds. Colonel Noble was killed early in the action, "fighting in his shirt", then mortally wounded by a musket ball to his forehead.  Coulon was struck by a musket ball to his left arm leaving him faint from loss of blood.  He was forced to retire his command to the chevalier de La Corne. He never recovered from that wound, and died from complications arising out of surgery to amputate that arm on April 3, 1750.

The men offered what resistance was possible, however, it was ineffective. At five in the morning the attack ceased. So complete was the French Canadian surprise attack that six officers, including all of the Noble brothers, were killed along with 70 of their men, 60 were wounded, and 54 taken prisoner. Of their enemy's casualties, only six Canadians were killed and fourteen wounded.

At early daylight, La Corne sent a flag of truce to ask for an English surgeon to tend to one of their seriously wounded captains, since the French surgeon was absent with Coulon. This demand allowed hostages to be freed with hostilities being suspended until the surgeon's return. Thus, a truce was proposed at nine o'clock. The English were not prepared for the harsh winter conditions, not even having snow shoes. Therefore, it was impossible for them to advance.  Even the French were greatly fatigued and attempted no offensive movement. According to William Kingsford, had the New England troops been accustomed to fight under such circumstances, and placed in the position to do so, the probability is that the French Canadians would have been exterminated. However, since the New England troops were powerless, unable to move a yard from the beaten path, the truce was accordingly accepted.

Legacy

Both Arthur and his youngest brother, James, owned tracts of territory throughout the Walpole Settlement in the District of Maine, then just a small plantation of thirty able-bodied men. Arthur's son, Arthur II inherited most of the territories, and established part of the settlement as Nobleborough to commemorate his father and his uncles who died in the Louisbourg Expedition or at Grand Pré.

The American Irish Historical Society recognized the heroism of at least two Noble brothers: "Thus died two of the most heroic soldiers of Irish birth and extraction [Arthur and James Noble], who took part in the Louisburg expedition. Both died, like so many other distinguished Irishmen, on the field of honor, in the defense of the rights of their adopted country."

Arthur Noble was survived by three children:
 Sarah (b.1726), who married Hon. William Lithgow.
 Lt. James (b.1728), who died at eighteen from a severe fever.
 Arthur II (b.1737), who married Mary Goffe.
 namesake of Fort Noble, Phippsburg, Maine (1734 - unknown)

Sources
 History and genealogy of the family of Thomas Noble, of Westfield. By Lucius Manlius Boltwood, 1878
 Volume 2 of The History of the State of Maine: From Its First Discovery, A. D. 1602, to the Separation, A. D. 1820. By William Durkee Williamson, 1839
 The history of Canada, Volume 3 By William Kingsford, 1889
 An account of the descendants of John Bridge, Cambridge, 1632 By William Frederick Bridge, 1884
 The Journal of the American Irish Historical Society, Vol. 19, 1920
  William Goold. Col. Arthur Noble, of Georgetown. Collections of the Maine Historical Society. 1877
 Col. Arthur Noble, of Georgetown. Fort Halifax. Col. William Vaughan ...By William Goold. 1881

References

External links
 The Genealogy of Thomas Noble

1695 births
1747 deaths
People from County Fermanagh
Irish emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
British people of the War of the Austrian Succession
People of colonial Maine
People of colonial Massachusetts
People of British North America
People of pre-statehood Maine
People from Lincoln County, Maine
People from Georgetown, Maine
People of King George's War

Arthur Noble


Sabra Elise Johnson (born July 29, 1987) is a Dutch dancer, choreographer, and actress from Roy, Utah and the season 3 champion of the Fox reality television show So You Think You Can Dance.

She was born in the Netherlands, lived nine years in Germany, and after that, nine years in Utah.  She continued to Las Vegas and, deciding to pursue a career in dance, moved to New York City.  From there passion has carried her across the world and she now lives in Vietnam dancing, choreographing, and directing.

Early career

Johnson started formal dance training at the age of 16 at Dance Impressions in Bountiful, Utah, under the direction of mother-daughter team Kandee Allen and Vivian Colobella. She then moved down to Las Vegas, NV and trained at the Dance Zone, under the direction of other Colobella daughter Kaydee Francis and partner Jami Artiga. Before training in dance, Johnson had a previous background in gymnastics. Her dance training consists of jazz, ballet, contemporary, and gymnastics, with some experience in hip hop, modern, tap, and theater. Johnson's favorite style of dancing is jazz. Before auditioning for So You Think You Can Dance, Johnson was going on to her fourth year of being a dancer. Johnson had a backup role on the hit film High School Musical as one of the skater dancers in the "Stick to the Status Quo" scene.

Contestant on So You Think You Can Dance

On the first episode of the show, Johnson was paired up with b-boy Dominic Sandoval, and they remained partners for five weeks. Each week, Johnson and her partners were required to reach into the hat with paper slips containing a variety of dance styles. The pair performed a disco routine during week one, a contemporary routine during week two, a rumba during week three, a hip hop during week four, and a jive during week five. The couple landed themselves in the bottom three couples only once which was during the first week. After week five, there were only ten dancers remaining in the competition.

After Johnson made it into the top ten, she was separated from Sandoval because of the rules for the top 10 competition. In week 6, Johnson was randomly paired with contemporary/hip hop dancer Kameron Bink for the next dance where they performed a contemporary routine. Bink was eliminated on the following results show. In week 7, Johnson was randomly paired with ballroom dancer, Pasha Kovalev, for the next performance where they performed a Broadway routine and a quickstep. In week 8, Johnson was randomly paired with contemporary dancer Neil Haskell for the next dances where they performed a jazz routine and a paso doble routine. During the following results show, Johnson was announced as a top 4 finalist of the season. Throughout the season Johnson was praised for her passion, enthusiasm, prodigious talent, personality, strong dancing and versatility in the different routines. In the end, Johnson garnered more votes than her fellow finalists and was subsequently crowned America's favorite dancer, beating out Danny Tidwell, Neil Haskell, and Lacey Schwimmer.

Performances

Note: Results highlighted in red indicate that contestants placed in the bottom dancers or couples, but may not have necessarily been eliminated.

Post SYTYCD

Since winning SYTYCD, Johnson has concentrated on teaching rather than dancing, but has expressed a desire to pursue a professional dancing career, possibly even on Broadway. Johnson has made appearances as a performer and teacher at numerous events and workshops, appearing at charity events. As part of those activities, she has travelled abroad to locations such as Iceland (with SYTYCD choreographers Dan Karaty and Shane Sparks and Season 3 runner-up Danny Tidwell), Australia (alongside fellow Season 3 contestant Kameron Bink) and South Africa.

In 2008, Johnson was a pro dancer at the Dance Times Square Showcase benefit held on October 25.  She was partnered with SYTYCD finalist Neil Haskell.

In 2009, Johnson began the year as the Special Guest Artist at the Merrimack Hall Second Annual Evening of Dance in Huntsville, Alabama.  (SYTYCD Season 4 winner Joshua Allen taught a master hip-hop class there a few days later.)  She later appeared at the St. Louis Auto Show and was a member of the Cedar Lake Contemporary Ballet company in New York City for a time.

Johnson taught dance master classes for the East Coast Movement on August 25, 2010, along with Kameron Bink.

In addition Johnson has taught Jazz dance internationally, and as of 2017 was working closely with the Dancenter in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Through the Dancenter she formed a working partnership with the Urban Dance Group (UDG) where she is choreographing and directing her first full-length interactive dance show, 'Between Us'.

See also
 List of dancers

References

External links

  Profile at So You Think You Can Dance
 "Sabra Dance" at The Standard-Examiner (Utah)

1987 births
Living people
So You Think You Can Dance winners
Dutch emigrants to the United States
So You Think You Can Dance (American TV series) contestants
21st-century American dancers
People from Roy, Utah

Sabra Johnson


Hy Brasil, also sometimes Hy-Brasil, is a heritage-listed former weekend retreat and now house located at 62 Chisholm Road, Avalon Beach, Northern Beaches Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Alexander Stewart Jolly and built in 1936. It is also known as The Gem and Hi Brasil. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

History
The land on which Hy Brasil is located was originally part of  of land granted to John Joseph Therry on 31 August 1833. It was subdivided as part of the Pittwater Estate, a subdivision for villa sites. The first owners of the land (Lot 8A of the Pittwater estate subdivision - main part of the site where Hy Brasil stands now) were Joseph Dalton and Daniel Claney who transferred the land to George Holland in December 1882. Holland held the possession of the land until July 1927 when he sold it to Redway Thomas Pawley and Arthur George Potter. The ownership of the land passed on to Albert Travers Black after just two months and a year later Kathleen Wilhelmina Jolly, wife of Alexander Stewart Jolly, purchased it from Albert Travers Black in 1923. She became the registered proprietor of the land on 4 March 1931.

Mrs Jolly transferred the land, which was still undeveloped together with its surrounding neighbouring allotments, to the Australian Land Development & Investment Company limited on 15 April 1931. Eventually the land was purchased by Arthur Wilson on 24 June 1935 and shortly after he commissed Alexander S. Jolly to design a weekend retreat on the property and called it 'The Gem'.

'The Gem', a stone and timber cabin now known as Hy Brasil, was built in 1936. Another change in ownership occurred in February 1949 and Rachel Jane Donaldson became the registered proprietor of the property. She held the ownership of the house until when it was bought by Ted Herman in 1958. The name Hy Brasil is associated the mythical Irish island of Brasil, also called Hy Brasil, which in Irish folk legend is an island that contains the Garden of Eden.

Hy Brasil was nominated for a Permanent Conservation Order in 1980 by the Herman family. The Order was placed on 31 July 1981 and was transferred to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Description
Hy Brasil originally comprised a main living space with verandahs to the west and east facades and bedroom and kitchen to the south facade. Constructed of local rock faced Hawkesbury sandstone. The house has been planned around a large central stone fireplace and the use of natural materials of stone and timber represents a distinct "organic" design philosophy. Particular interest exists with the fireplace structure as the mantel consists of a  stone slab.

The house has a contemporary style in its design influenced by Californian Bungalow and Organic architectural movements with the use of large picture windows, exposed internal stained timber rafters and beams coupled with a low pitched horizontal roof.

Hy Brasil which derives its name from the mythical Isle location of the Garden of Eden, has magnificent views of the Tasman Sea to the east and Pittwater to the west. Pedestrian access to the house is via a narrow winding pathway up a steep slope through large sandstone boulders.

Native trees have been retained around the house and supplemented by plantings of ornamental exotics, notably sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), pampas grass (Cortaderia sp.), fruit salad plant (Monstera deliciosa), tree ferns (Cyathea sp.), giant bird-of-paradise flower (Strelitzia nicolai) and azaleas (Rhododendron indicum cv.s).

Cover use has been made of the local sandstone which has been cut to provide steps, garden seats, retaining walls, pools and a barbeque.

The area to the west of the house contains terraced lawns leading down to a sandstone cliff which forms a well-defined boundary to the property. Below the cliff, natural bushland extends down to the properties below.

The overall impression of Hy Brasil's setting is one of blending of the house into natural bushland.

Heritage listing
As at 29 October 2007, Hy Brasil is of State significance as one of three "organic" houses designed by Alexander Stewart Jolly in Avalon. Hy Brasil with its simple construction of stone and timber and set in its native bushland setting represents Jolly's architecture and philosophy regarding the built form and its relationship to the natural Australian landscape.

Hy Brasil was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

Hy Brasil is of State significance as an excellent example of twentieth century "organic" architecture and is one of three listed works by Alexander Stewart Jolly. The unique bushland setting of the building, large tile and stone terracing form an integral part of the design philosophy. This distinctive style influenced the later "Sydney School" architectural movement of the mid sixties.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

The ridge-top siting of Hy Brasil is prominent from the surrounding area and takes advantage of superb panoramic views of the Tasman Sea and Pittwater. Native bushland has been retained and enhanced by the well chosen exotic ornamental planting to provide a setting which complements the natural qualities of the house.

See also

Australian residential architectural styles

References

Attribution

External links

New South Wales State Heritage Register
Avalon Beach, New South Wales
Houses in Sydney
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
1936 establishments in Australia
Houses completed in 1936

Hy Brasil, Avalon Beach


Yi Yi (; subtitled A One and a Two) is a 2000 Taiwanese drama film written and directed by Edward Yang. It centers on the struggles of an engineer, NJ (played by Wu Nien-jen), and three generations of his middle-class Taiwanese family in Taipei.

The film's title means "one by one", or "one after another". When written in vertical alignment, the two strokes resemble the character for "two": .

Yi Yi premiered on May 14, 2000, at the 53rd Cannes Film Festival, where Yang won the Best Director Award. The film has received universal acclaim since its release and is often regarded as one of the greatest films of the 21st century.

Plot
The Jian family—father NJ, mother Min-Min, daughter Ting-Ting, son Yang-Yang—is a middle-class family in Taipei. At the wedding of Min-Min's younger brother A-Di, NJ runs into his ex-girlfriend Sherry, who gives him her number before leaving. Sherry is married to an American and lives in Chicago. After the reception, Min-Min's mother, who lives with the family, suffers a stroke that leaves her comatose. She is put on life support and the doctor urges the Jians to talk to her daily.

NJ is dissatisfied with his job, and his company is struggling financially. To secure a client named Mr. Ota, NJ's colleagues ask him to take Ota out for dinner, to which he reluctantly agrees. They get along well and NJ takes Ota to a bar, where Ota sings and plays the piano. That night, NJ phones and leaves a message for Sherry, apologizing for leaving her abruptly 30 years ago. Meanwhile, Min-Min becomes depressed by her mother's condition and leaves for a remote Buddhist retreat.

After a failed investment, A-Di is kicked out of the house and asks his ex-girlfriend Yun-Yun for help. A-Di is allowed to return upon the birth of his child but a fight breaks out at the baby shower when Yun-Yun shows up uninvited. A-Di and his wife reconcile after she discovers him passed out due to a gas leak at their house.

Ting-Ting feels guilty because her grandmother collapsed while taking out the trash Ting-Ting was supposed to take out. She befriends her new neighbor, Lili. After Lili breaks up with her boyfriend Fatty, he begins to relay letters for Lili through Ting-Ting. Fatty soon becomes attracted to Ting-Ting and asks her out. After their second date, the two check into a hotel room, but they hesitate and leave. Later, Ting-Ting sees Lili back together with Fatty and is later berated by Fatty himself. Ting-Ting becomes depressed and talks to her grandmother, asking her to wake up. She learns the next day that Fatty has been arrested for killing Lili's teacher, who was in a sexual relationship with both Lili and her mother. At home, Ting-Ting dreams of being comforted by her grandmother.

Unwilling to speak to his grandmother because he feels like she cannot hear him, Yang-Yang starts taking photographs. To punish him for leaving school to buy film, Yang-Yang is forced to face a wall while his teacher circulates his photographs among the other students. Later, after seeing the girl who torments him (because she likes him) swimming, Yang-Yang teaches himself how to swim to learn more about his tormenter.

NJ is sent by his company to Tokyo to continue talks with Ota; Sherry also flies to Japan. The two reunite and recount their past; Sherry remains affected by NJ's abrupt departure and NJ attempts to resolve their tensions. They travel to another city and check into a hotel, but when NJ insists on separate rooms, Sherry berates him and breaks down. They return to Tokyo and check back into their respective rooms; before leaving, NJ tells Sherry that he has never loved anyone else. The next day, NJ is informed by his colleague that they have secured a deal with another client and he is to return to Taipei immediately. In response, NJ berates his colleague for abandoning Ota. Later, NJ goes to check on Sherry's room, learning that she has already checked out.

Upon her mother's death, Min-Min returns home and is reunited with her family. At the funeral, NJ's colleague urges him to come back to work, but he refuses. Yang-Yang recites a poem in front of her shrine. He recounts their time together, his hope of finding where she went, and a desire to "tell people what they don't know, show them what they can't see." He concludes his poem by saying how his newborn cousin reminds him of her, always saying she is old, as he always wanted to say along with her, "I am old too."

Cast
Wu Nien-jen as NJ
Elaine Jin as Min-Min
Kelly Lee as Ting-Ting
Jonathan Chang as Yang-Yang
Issey Ogata as Mr. Ota
Chen Hsi-Sheng as A-Di
Su-Yun Ko as Sherry
Chang Yu Pang as Fatty

Production and casting
Yi Yi was filmed from April 8 to August 21, 1999. Yang's script originally had the children aged 10 and 15, but Yang later found Jonathan Chang and Kelly Lee (who had never acted before). When filming began, they were 8 and 13 years old. Yang made amendments to the script accordingly.

Reception

Critical reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Yi Yi holds an approval rating of 97%, based on 87 critic reviews with an average rating of 8.3/10. The site's consensus reads: "In its depiction of one family, Yi Yi accurately and expertly captures the themes and details, as well as the beauty, of everyday life". On Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, the film holds a score  of 94 out of 100, based on 25 critic reviews indicating "universal acclaim".

In his review of the film for The New York Times, A. O. Scott revealed: "As I watched the final credits of Yi Yi through bleary eyes, I struggled to identify the overpowering feeling that was making me tear up. Was it grief? Joy? Mirth? Yes, I decided, it was all of these. But mostly, it was gratitude". Kenneth Turan wrote in the Los Angeles Times: "It's a delicate film but a strong one, graced with the ability to see life whole, the grief hidden in happiness as well as the humor inherent in sadness". J. Hoberman of The Village Voice called Yi Yi a "lucid, elegant, nuanced, humorous melodrama that's never nearly as sentimental as it might have been" and praised Yang's direction, which he remarked "orchestrates a soap opera season's worth of family crises with virtuoso discretion". The New Yorker critic David Denby concluded: "By degrees, with incredible calm and patience, the narrative takes hold, and by the end nearly every shot seems momentous".

Accolades
After debuting at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, Yi Yi collected a host of awards from international festivals. It garnered director Edward Yang Best Director at Cannes and was nominated for the Palme d'Or in the same year. Yi Yi also won the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival's Netpac Award ("For the perceptive and sensitive portrayal of a generation and cultural gap in Taiwan and the painful choices to be made in these difficult times") and the Vancouver International Film Festival's Chief Dan George Humanitarian Award. It tied with Topsy-Turvy for the 2000 Sarajevo Film Festival's Panorama Jury Award.

It won Best Foreign Film from the French Syndicate of Cinema Critics in 2001, the Grand Prix at the Fribourg International Film Festival in Switzerland in 2001, The Best Foreign Film from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards in 2000, Best Film from the National Society of Film Critics in 2001 (where Yang also won 2nd place for a Best Director Award), and Best Foreign Language Film from the New York Film Critics Circle Awards in 2000. The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics. The film also won a "Best Film – China/Taiwan" award and "Best Director" award from the 2002 Chinese Film Media Awards, a "Best Film" award at the 2001 Chinese Film Media Awards. It was named one of the best movies of 2001 by many prominent publications and critics, including The New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, the Village Voice, Film Comment, the Chicago Reader, and the author Susan Sontag, among others. Specifically, Yi Yi was named "Best Film of the Year" (2000) by the following film critics and writers: A. O. Scott of The New York Times, Susan Sontag writing for Artforum, Michael Atkinson of the Village Voice, Steven Rosen of The Denver Post, John Anderson, Jan Stuart and Gene Seymour writing for Newsday, and Stephen Garrett as well as Nicole Keeter of Time Out New York.

The film also won 2nd place for Best Director, Best Film and Best Foreign Language Film in the 2000 Boston Society of Film Critics Awards, and was also nominated for: a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Awards Circuit Community Awards, a Best Non-American Film award from the 2003 Bodil Awards, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the 2001 Chicago Film Critics Association Awards, the Best Cast, a Best Foreign Film award from the 2001 Cesar Awards, a Screen International Award from the 2000 European Film Awards, a Best Asian Film award from the 2002 Hong Kong Film Awards, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the Online Film & Television Association, a Best Foreign Language Film award from the 2001 Online Film Critics Society Awards, and a Golden Spike award from the 2000 Valladolid International Film Festival.

In 2002, the British film magazine Sight & Sound selected Yi Yi as one of the ten greatest films of the past 25 years.

Yi Yi also placed third in a 2009 Village Voice Film Poll ranking "The Best Film of the Decade", tying with La Commune (Paris, 1871) (2000) and Zodiac (2007), and also placed third in a 2009 IndieWire Critics' Poll of the "Best Film of the Decade". The film was summarized by film critic Nigel Andrews, who wrote in the Financial Times that to "describe [Yi Yi] as a three-hour Taiwanese family drama is like calling Citizen Kane a film about a newspaper."

Aggregation site They Shoot Pictures, Don't They has named it as the third most acclaimed film of the 21st century among critics. It also received 20 total votes in the 2012 Sight & Sound polls, and was ranked the eighth-greatest film of the 21st century in a 2016 BBC poll. In 2019, The Guardian ranked Yi Yi 26th in its 100 Best Films of the 21st Century list.

Home media
The film is available on The Criterion Collection and features a newly restored digital transfer along with a DTS-HD Master Audio soundtrack (on the Blu-ray), audio commentary from Yang and Asian film critic Tony Rayns.

Soundtrack
The piano pieces in Yi Yis soundtrack are mostly performed by Kaili Peng, Yang's wife. They include Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata and J. S. Bach's Toccata in E minor (BWV 914). Peng has a small cameo in the film as a concert cellist, playing Beethoven's Cello sonata No. 1 with her husband posing as a pianist.

References

External links

Yi Yi: Time and Space an essay by Kent Jones at the Criterion Collection

2000 films
2000 drama films
2000s English-language films
English-language Taiwanese films
English-language Japanese films
Films directed by Edward Yang
2000s Mandarin-language films
Taiwanese drama films
Taiwanese-language films
Films set in Taiwan
Films shot in Taiwan
Films set in Tokyo
Films shot in Tokyo
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film winners

Yi Yi


Russian State Stroganov University of Industry and Applied Arts () informally named Stroganovka (Строгановка) is one of the oldest Russian schools for the industrial, monumental and decorative art and design. The University is named after its founder, baron Sergei Grigoriyevich Stroganov.

History

The school was founded in 1825 by Baron Sergey Stroganov. It specialised on the applied and decorative art. In 1843 the school became state-owned. In 1860 it was renamed Stroganov School for Technical Drawing.

First Free State Art Workshops
After the October Revolution the school was reorganized and became one of the SVOMAS, known as the First Free State Art Workshops.

Later changes
Since 1930 it became the Moscow Institute for the Decorative and Applied Arts (Московский Институт Декоративного и Прикладного Искусства), MIDIPI (МИДИПИ). In 1945, after the end of the World War II the school was restored as an applied art educational establishment. Since 1996 the school was named Moscow State Stroganov University of Industrial and Applied Arts. In 2009 the school got its present name Moscow State Stroganov Academy of Industrial and Applied Arts ().

Currently it is one of the most diverse artistic schools in Russia. It has three departments and thirteen chairs preparing students of six major and sixteen minor specializations.

Notable faculty and students

Aleksandr Adabashyan
Mikhail Mikhailovich Adamovich
André Andrejew
Tania Antoshina
Sergei Gerasimov
Konstantin Korovin
Nikolai Kuzmin
Nikolai Pomansky
Dmitry Shcherbinovsky
Alexey Shchusev
Vikentii Trofimov
Mikhail Vrubel

References

External links

Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry
Educational institutions established in 1825
1825 establishments in the Russian Empire


Wolfgang Gewalt (28 October 1928 – 26 April 2007) was  a German zoologist, author and former director of the Duisburg Zoo.

Biography
After the study of zoology, botany, chemistry and anthropology, his main focus was research of the great bustard. He recorded his observations in the breeding grounds and his experience with hand bred great bustards in several publications.  Moreover, he was chief assistant at the Berlin Zoo. In 1966, he became director of the Duisburg Zoo and landed in the headlines in May 1966 when the white whale Moby Dick strayed into the Rhine. After futile attempts to capture Moby Dick, Wolfgang Gewalt came in for ever more negative criticism. A few newspapers even demanded: "Arrest Wolfgang Gewalt". In June 1966, the whale fortunately succeeded in swimming back to the North Sea.  In 1969, Gewalt led an expedition to Canada and brought back the first beluga to Duisburg. For this he reaped angry criticism. In the same year Wolfgang Gewalt participated in the Encyclopedia Grzimeks Tierleben for which he wrote a contribution on Didelphidae. In 1972, he and his colleagues founded the European Association for Aquatic Mammals at the Dolfinarium Harderwijk in the Netherlands. This is a society for the care of aquatic mammals in human custody. In 1975, he brought five Orinoco river dolphins or toninas back to Duisburg from an expedition to Venezuela. In 1978 one of Wolfgang Gewalt's dreams was fulfilled with the birth of the first bottlenose dolphin in a German Zoo. In 1993, Wolfgang Gewalt retired.

On April 26, 2007 he died from the consequences of an accident in his home.

Selected works
1954 Die großen Trappen
1956 Die Großtrappe
1959 Das Eichörnchen
1964 Bakala
1965 Löwen vor dem zweiten Frühstück
1968 Tiere für dich und mich
1970 Delphine, meine Freunde
1972 Haltung und Zucht von Park- und Ziergeflügel
1973 Mein buntes Paradies
1976 Der Weißwal
1984 50 Jahre Zoo Duisburg
1985 Wie machen die das bloss?
1986 Auf den Spuren der Wale
1993 Wale und Delphine
1995 Liebe und Geburt im Zoo, Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach

External links

20th-century German zoologists
1928 births
2007 deaths
Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni

Wolfgang Gewalt


Oswald Garrison "Mike" Villard Jr. (September 17, 1916 – January 7, 2004) was an American professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University.

Early life
Villard was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York, to a distinguished family. He was the great-grandson of William Lloyd Garrison, the famed abolitionist, and the grandson of Henry Villard, owner of the New York Evening Post and The Nation, who financed the work of Thomas Edison (by coincidence, Villard Jr's academic advisor was Terman, whose advisor was Bush, whose advisor was Kennelly, who worked for Edison). His father was Oswald Garrison Villard Sr., owner of Post and The Nation, a prominent Pacifist and civil rights activist.

He became interested in electricity after he was given "Harper's Electricity Book for Boys"; when he was 12, the family chauffeur gave him a radio assembled from a kit. He initially attended Buckley School in New York City, and later went to The Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut. Villard received his bachelor's degree in English literature from Yale University in 1938, and entered Stanford as a graduate student in electrical engineering. After World War II interrupted, he returned to Stanford in 1947 and received his doctorate in 1949.

Academic career
In between his degrees, Villard worked first as a research associate 1939-1941 and instructor 1941-1942 under Professor Frederick Terman at Stanford, then at Harvard University's Radio Research Laboratory, designing electronic countermeasures; he also worked with William Hewlett during this time. By 1955, he was a full professor at Stanford, a position which he held until retirement in 1987. His Ph.D. students included Mac Van Valkenburg and Kung Chie Yeh. In 1947, one of his first inventions was a radio transmitter that allowed simultaneous two-way communication (such as in a phone conversation).

At Stanford, Villard used radar to study electrical disturbances in the upper atmosphere caused by meteor trails, nuclear explosions, and rocket launches. His most famous work may be his 1959 efforts in over-the-horizon radar, which worked by reflecting high-frequency radar from the ionosphere.

In 1969, when Stanford University ceased classified work due to student protests, Villard moved his group to Stanford Research Institute (SRI), where he developed stealth technologies to counteract radar and sonar. In the 1980s, he developed small antennas that could receive jammed transmissions, allowing many people to receive the Voice of America radio program, especially after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. After his official retirement in 1987, he continued to assist with students' doctoral degrees at Stanford and worked part-time at SRI.

Memberships and awards
Villard was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, and a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He served as a member on the U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (1961–75) and the Naval Research Advisory Committee (1967–75), which he chaired from 1973 to 1975.

His awards include the 1957 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award from the Institute of Radio Engineers, Meritorious Civilian Service Award from the Department of the Air Force, Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service, and the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. Stanford has established a graduate student fellowship in his name.

References

External links
Obituary from SFGate.com
Villard Graduate Fellowship.

1916 births
2004 deaths
Hotchkiss School alumni
Yale College alumni
Stanford University alumni
Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering faculty
American electrical engineers
IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
SRI International people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Buckley School (New York City) alumni
Silicon Valley people

Oswald Garrison Villard Jr.


Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle produced by Vauxhall Motors. It was ultimately owned by General Motors (GM). The brand was established in 1930 and built commercial vehicles. Bedford Vehicles was a leading international lorry brand. It had substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world. It was GM Europe's most profitable venture for several years.

Bedford's core heavy trucks business was sold off as AWD Ltd in 1987 but the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs.  The brand was retired in 1991. After this, GM Europe's light commercial vehicles were branded as either Vauxhall or Opel, depending on the market.

General Motors

Bedford Vehicles


Albert van Spiers (baptized on 18 November 1665, Amsterdam – buried on 9 November 1718, Amsterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He is mainly known for interior decorations in the houses of the Canals of Amsterdam.

Biography

According to Houbraken he travelled to Italy and joined the Bentvueghels with the nickname "Piramied". While in Italy he became friends with the Dutch painter Jacob de Heusch in Italy, who died from a fall after visiting the Spiers workshop in Amsterdam in 1701.
According to Jan van Gool, he was a pupil of Gerard de Lairesse in Amsterdam. Other sources also mention Willem van Ingen as his teacher. After his apprenticeship he travelled to Rome and Venice before returning to Amsterdam to set up his own workshop in 1697, specializing in ceiling, over-the-door and over-the-mantelpiece decorations for the large patrician canal houses on the Herengracht and Keizersgracht.

According to the RKD he worked in Rome, Venice, and the Hague, and became a member of the Confrerie Pictura in 1699. His pupil was Jacob de Wit, who continued to make similar interior decorations.

References

Albert van Spiers on Artnet

1665 births
1718 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Painters from Amsterdam
Members of the Bentvueghels

Albert van Spiers


The Hypnotist () is a 2012 Swedish crime thriller film directed by Lasse Hallström, based on the Swedish novel of the same name by Lars Kepler. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.

Plot
To apprehend a killer who has executed a whole family except for sole survivor Josef, Detective Joona seeks help from Dr. Erik, a specialist in acute trauma and hypnotism, to obtain case details from Josef, who is comatose. Erik is an insomniac, who takes heavy sleeping pills and has marital troubles. Although he is suspended from practice, he tries to help but pulls back after seeing discomfort in Josef. Later Erik's son Benjamin is kidnapped by someone who drugged both his wife and son, leaving threatening notes behind for Erik to stop hypnotizing. In search of his son, Erik hypnotizes Josef and discovers that he was the killer and acted under the influence and instructions of his birth mother. By way of hypnotizing his wife, Erik then figures out that Josef's mother is Lydia, a nurse who looked after him at the hospital. Joona learns she is mentally unstable and that she is Benjamin's kidnapper, and later uncovers the location of the house where she is staying with Benjamin. They go there to retrieve him and arrest Lydia. Lydia, who thinks Benjamin is her son Josef and the policemen have come to take away her child, fires her weapon and tries to escape with Benjamin in her school bus. In panic she drives her van onto thin ice over a frozen lake. Joona manages to save Benjamin, but Lydia drowns. On Christmas Day, Erik and his family eat out happily and Joona visits his female partner at home.

Cast
 Tobias Zilliacus as Joona Linna
 Mikael Persbrandt as Erik Maria Bark
 Lena Olin as Simone Bark
 Helena af Sandeberg as Daniella
 Jonatan Bökman as Josef
 Oscar Pettersson as Benjamin
 Eva Melander as Magdalena
 Anna Azcarate as Lydia
 Johan Hallström as Erland
 Göran Thorell as Stensund

See also
 List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Swedish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

2012 films
2012 crime thriller films
Swedish crime thriller films
2010s Swedish-language films
Films directed by Lasse Hallström
Films about hypnosis
2010s Swedish films

The Hypnotist (2012 film)


The Armstrong Whitworth Awana was a British prototype troop-transport aircraft built to meet a 1920 Air Ministry requirement.

Design and development
The Awana was designed in response to Air Ministry Specification 5/20 for a twin-engined Troop Carrying Aeroplane, able to carry 25 fully equipped troops for a distance of 400 miles. Any design was to be capable of landing on rough terrain, other requirements being folding wings and the ability to fly on one engine.

One of the largest landplanes of its time, it was a large, twin-engine four-bay staggered biplane with a box-like fuselage, and a three-rudder, biplane tail. The pilot and navigator sat in open cockpits atop the nose, while the 25 troops it was to carry entered through a hatch in the floor and sat in two rows of "bus"-style seats with a centre aisle. It was of composite construction, with a tubular-steel-framed fuselage and wooden wings incorporating substantial hinges to allow them to be folded for storage. The Napier Lion engines were supported on tubular-steel supports between the wings and housed in streamlined cowlings with retractable radiators on the underside. The three cylindrical main petrol tanks were slung under the floor in an aluminium fairing, and fed fuel via windmill-driven pumps to header tanks on the underside of the upper wing.

Two prototypes were ordered by the Air Ministry on 27 June 1921, and the first prototype, serial number J6897, first flew on 28 June 1923. Evaluated at Martlesham Heath, control during landing was found to be poor, and the structure overall too flimsy. The second prototype addressed some of these concerns, but the Vickers Victoria was selected for production instead.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

Awana
1920s British military transport aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

Armstrong Whitworth Awana


In the developing vertebrate embryo, the somitomeres (or somatomeres) are collections of cells that are derived from the loose masses of paraxial mesoderm that are found alongside the developing neural tube. In human embryogenesis they appear towards the end of the third gestational week. The approximately 50 pairs of somitomeres in the human embryo, begin developing in the cranial (head) region, continuing in a caudal (tail) direction until the end of week four.

Development
The first seven somitomeres give rise to the striated muscles of the face, jaws, and throat.

The remaining somitomeres, likely driven by periodic expression of the hairy gene, begin expressing adhesion proteins such as N-cadherin and fibronectin, compact, and bud off forming somites. The somites give rise to the vertebral column (sclerotome), associated muscles (myotome), and overlying dermis (dermatome).
There are a total of 37 somite pairs at the end of the fifth week of development, after the first occipital somite and 5-7 coccygeal somites disappear from the original 42-44 somites.

References

External links
  - look for Fig. 16

Embryology

Somitomere


Cosmeston Medieval Village is a living history medieval village near Lavernock in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Based upon remains discovered during a 1980s archaeological dig in the grounds of Cosmeston Lakes Country Park, it is a re-creation of 14th century peasant life in Wales in the Late Middle Ages.

Groups of reenactors regularly perform at the site, camping in tents around the outskirts of the village, and performing displays of historical combat for the public.

History

Early medieval
The original Cosmeston village grew around a fortified manor house constructed sometime around the 12th century by the De Costentin family, who were among the first Norman invaders of Wales in the early 12th century following William the Conqueror's invasion of neighbouring England in 1066. It is unlikely that the manor house at the site was a substantial building and there is documentary evidence that by 1437 the manor house had already fallen into total ruin. The village would have consisted of a number of small stone round houses, or crofts, with thatched roofs, as depicted in the current reconstruction, and the village population would have been between 50 and 100 people at most, including children.

The de Costentin family originated on the Cotentin peninsula in northern France. They were the first lords of the manor and they called the village Costentinstune, which over time became known as Cosmeston. They built the original manor house and, perhaps, a few dwellings or small farms, but for the next two centuries it appears that little further development occurred.

Later medieval period
Around 1316 the manor passed into the hands of the de Caversham family, also of Norman descent.

The buildings that have been excavated so far seem to be from the 14th century. It would appear that the de Caversham family brought a more designed approach to the development of the community and a better regulated and more compact settlement began to develop during their stewardship of the village.

There is little sign that the village continued to develop much past the later middle ages. Unusually, no Norman church was ever established in the immediate area, so by 1824 all that remained of Cosmeston village were four isolated crofts and the Little Cosmeston Farmhouse as shown on the Marquis of Bute's detailed maps of the time. It is possible that the majority of the villagers were wiped out during the Black Death plague of the 1340s or the later outbreaks, leaving Cosmeston a Deserted medieval village.

In addition to the plague, the villagers would have had to combat other difficulties. The land is low-lying and at the mercy of the many water sources that now feed the Cosmeston Lake. There is substantial evidence of drainage dykes, but even they would have struggled to keep the arable land free from waterlogging and constant flooding. Additionally the period was one of permanent political upheaval with intermittent resistance and armed conflict between several local Welsh leaders.  In January 1316, for instance, Llywelyn Bren attacked Caerphilly Castle, and for the next two months there was conflict and devastation throughout the Glamorgan region.

Modern history

By the 20th century all evidence of the village had vanished and local residents had no idea of its previous existence. When the Snocem Concrete works and the Cosmeston limestone quarry closed in 1970, the land was developed under Countryside Commission funding as a country park. During the landscaping of the new country park the first evidence of the medieval village was unearthed and an archeological exploration was undertaken.

In addition to being open to the general public, the village accepts school tours and archeological groups, together with staging of special events and re-enactments throughout the year.

The present
Cosmeston has been used as a film location for many productions, including a 2014 episode of the hit BBC TV drama series Doctor Who, Merlin and Galavant.

Notes

External links
 Official website
BBC photos of Cosmeston Medieval Village
Abandoned communities ..... Cosmeston
 Cosmeston Lakes Website
Photos of Cosmeston Medieval Village on geograph.org.uk

Villages in the Vale of Glamorgan
Experimental archaeology
Medieval reenactment
Archaeological sites in the Vale of Glamorgan
History of Wales
12th-century establishments in Wales
Tourist attractions in the Vale of Glamorgan
Living museums in the United Kingdom
Open-air museums in Wales
Museums in the Vale of Glamorgan
Medieval Wales
Buildings and structures in Penarth

Cosmeston Medieval Village


Connie Skov Hyde (born 15 November 1969) is an English actress.

Hyde was born to an English father and Danish mother. She grew up in Haslingden in Rossendale, Lancashire.

She is best known for playing PC Cathy Bradford in The Bill from 2002 to 2004, DC Janet Miller in City Central, Catherine Heywood in Wing and a Prayer. She has also been in Casualty, Doctors, Holby City, Dalziel and Pascoe, The Vicar of Dibley, Sharpe, Waterloo Road and the 1999 TV film The Dark Room from the novel by Minette Walters. She also appeared in a BBC Wales series, Lifeboat.

On 15 March 2017, it was announced that she had joined the cast of Coronation Street as Sally Webster's (Sally Dynevor) sister Gina Seddon, taking over the role from Julie Foy. It was announced in March 2019 that Hyde would leave Coronation Street. She made her final appearance on 1 April 2019.

In 2020, Hyde shared her memories of The Bill, Coronation Street, her life and career in a special interview for The Bill Podcast.

Hyde is a long-term close friend of her former The Bill co-star Moya Brady, who played PC Cathy Bradford's nemesis Roberta Cryer.

References

External links

 The Bill Podcast

1969 births
English television actresses
British soap opera actresses
British people of Danish descent
Living people
People from Haslingden
People from Macclesfield
Actresses from Lancashire
Actresses from Cheshire

Connie Hyde


KGBT-TV (channel 4) is a television station licensed to Harlingen, Texas, United States, serving the Lower Rio Grande Valley as a primary Antenna TV owned-and-operated station and a secondary MyNetworkTV affiliate. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Brownsville-licensed dual NBC/CBS affiliate KVEO-TV (channel 23). Both stations share studios on West Expressway (I-2/US 83) in Harlingen, while KGBT-TV's transmitter is located in La Feria, Texas.

KGBT-TV was the first television station established on the American side of the Rio Grande Valley and is the oldest still in operation. Long the CBS affiliate for the area, this changed when Nexstar acquired KGBT's non-license assets from Sinclair Broadcast Group and moved the CBS programming to a subchannel of KVEO in 2020. Nexstar later acquired the KGBT-TV license itself.

History

Early history
KGBT-TV's roots lie in the 1941 establishment of KGBS radio, an independent radio station with a staff of eleven people. The station was owned by the Harbenito Broadcasting Company, controlled former Valley Morning Star publisher McHenry Tichenor, and became an affiliate of the CBS Radio Network in 1943.

The first television station in the market was XELD-TV (channel 7); founded in 1951, it served as an end-run around the Federal Communications Commission's freeze on television license grants. Once this was lifted in 1952, the radio stations on the U.S. side of the Rio Grande got their opportunity to pursue television stations of their own. On May 20, 1953, Magic Triangle Televisors, Inc., an affiliate of KGBS, was granted a construction permit for channel 4. Roy Hofheinz, who at the time owned radio station KSOX (1530 AM) in the area, withdrew his application; later in the year, KGBS bought the KSOX facility and moved from 1240 to 1530 kHz.

On October 4, 1953, KGBS-TV made its debut with CBS television programming. The call letters were changed to KGBT-TV on December 9, though the new designation was not used until the start of 1954, when the radio station also became KGBT. The next year, KRGV-TV channel 5 started with NBC programs, and XELD-TV closed. For the next 22 years, the two stations split ABC programming; when KRGV-TV changed to being a primary ABC affiliate in 1976, KGBT-TV became a joint CBS-NBC affiliate until KVEO-TV began in 1981.

Channel 4 remained under Tichenor ownership for more than 30 years and was the traditional ratings leader in the Rio Grande Valley for news. However, as Tichenor's broadcasting empire became specialized in Spanish-language radio, KGBT-TV became an outlier. In 1986, Tichenor sold KGBT-TV to Draper Communications of Salisbury, Maryland, which at the time owned WBOC-TV in that city and KOAM-TV in Pittsburg, Kansas. The station was then purchased in 1998 by Cosmos Broadcasting, the broadcasting division of the Liberty Corporation, for $42 million. Cosmos came directly under the Liberty banner in 2001 when Liberty sold off its insurance business.

Barrington and Sinclair ownership
On August 25, 2005, Liberty Corporation announced that it would sell all 15 stations it owned to Raycom Media. Raycom, however, then earmarked several stations for divestiture in order to meet local and national ownership limits or because they were located far from the company's focus areas; these included two of the Liberty stations, KGBT-TV and WWAY-TV in Wilmington, North Carolina. The Liberty deal was then completed on January 31, 2006.

Shortly afterwards, on March 27, 2006, KGBT-TV was sold again to Barrington Broadcasting as part of a group deal to acquire 11 other Raycom stations, effectively becoming the only former station from the Liberty catalog to be bought out by Barrington. The FCC approved the deal in June 2006, and the purchase closed August 11. Barrington then sold its portfolio of 18 stations in all to Sinclair Broadcast Group in 2013.

Sale to Nexstar Media Group

In 2017, Sinclair attempted to acquire Tribune Media. The acquisition collapsed in August 2018, after which Tribune was instead acquired by Nexstar. Tribune had previously filed a breach of contract lawsuit against Sinclair, which Sinclair and Nexstar—as successor-in-interest to Tribune—settled on January 28, 2020.

As part of the settlement, Sinclair paid Nexstar $60 million and sold WDKY-TV in Lexington, Kentucky, and the non-license and programming assets of KGBT-TV to Nexstar. KGBT-TV's CBS affiliation, news department, and syndicated programming moved to KVEO's second subchannel the next day. On-air operations mostly remained unchanged, though viewers were asked to rescan their sets in order to continue watching CBS. However, few viewers actually lost access to CBS programming due to the high penetration of cable and satellite in the market.

The KGBT-TV license itself continued to be owned by Sinclair and continued to broadcast its existing digital multicast offerings, with the main 4.1 subchannel silent on the multiplex. The acquisition of the KGBT-TV intellectual unit also allowed Nexstar to move all of KVEO-TV's operations to the KGBT-TV facility in Harlingen and replace the local newscasts it had offered on that station, presented from El Paso, with a news service fully produced locally.

In May 2021, Mission Broadcasting, a company whose stations contract with Nexstar for operational services, acquired KGBT-TV; Nexstar then announced on July 19 of that year that it would purchase the station outright. The deal was completed on September 15. That same day, the main 4.1 subchannel was reactivated, carrying Nexstar-owned Antenna TV, which had never been carried in the market prior; MyNetworkTV, which had previously been on KFXV, was added to the subchannel on October 1.

News operation

24/7 Weather Lab
KGBT-TV was the first news station in the metropolitan area with its own live weather radar, which was called "Live Super Doppler". KGBT-TV broadcast a 24-hour weather station, which provided updated local forecasts.

On April 29, 2008, KGBT-TV's 43-year veteran weatherman, Larry James, retired. James was a veteran of the station's "glory days" during the late 1960s and 1970s when the station produced the top-rated newscast in the Rio Grande Valley.

"Sports Extra"
KGBT-TV formerly aired "Sports Extra", an extended sports segment that aired during the 10 p.m. newscasts on Fridays and Sundays. The main focus of the Friday segment was local high school football games, while the Sunday edition provided the highlights of high school, college and professional football, and generally featured a panel of local sports writers and sports talk radio personalities, who break down high school football games and provide analysis.

Notable former on-air staff
 Angela Hill (later at WWL-TV for 4 decades, retired)

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed.

KGBT's broadcasts became digital-only, effective June 12, 2009.

References

1953 establishments in Texas
Antenna TV affiliates
MyNetworkTV affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Estrella TV affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Harlingen, Texas
Nexstar Media Group
Rewind TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1953
Television stations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley

KGBT-TV