Derek Wayne Botelho (born August 2, 1956) is a former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Kansas City Royals and Chicago Cubs, who is currently the pitching coach for the Class A-Advanced Lynchburg Hillcats.

Career
Botelho was drafted three times before signing with a Major League team, the first time as a 26th-round selection (555th overall) in 1974 by the Philadelphia Phillies, as a high schooler out of Boca Raton Community High School in Florida, but he did not sign, electing to play for Miami-Dade South Community College. He was then drafted in the fourth round (76th overall) of the secondary phase of the 1975 draft by the California Angels, but again did not sign. After his sophomore year of college, the Phillies again drafted him, this time in the second round (42nd overall) of the 1976 draft, after which he signed.

After he had a solid 1978 season at AA Reading, the Phillies traded Botelho in an eight-player deal, sending him, along with Henry Mack, Jerry Martin, Ted Sizemore, and Barry Foote to the Cubs in exchange for Manny Trillo, Greg Gross, and Dave Rader. He pitched four games for the Cubs' AAA team in Wichita before being released. After being out of baseball for about a year, Botelho signed as a free agent with the Royals organization. In one and one-half years, he worked his way from high-A ball to the majors, debuting with Kansas City on July 18, 1982.

Botelho's first Major League game was an impressive one. Starting against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, Botelho pitched seven scoreless innings, allowing just three hits as the Royals blanked the Sox 9–0. His first strikeout victim was Jerry Remy. He made three more starts and one relief appearance before returning to AAA, but his career seemed to be heading in the right direction. He went 2–1 with a 4.13 ERA all told with the Royals. Unfortunately, 1983 didn't go as well for Botelho, as he stumbled to a 10–14 record and 5.42 ERA for AAA Omaha. The Royals decided to unload Botelho, trading him with Don Werner to the Cubs in exchange for Alan Hargesheimer just before the start of the 1984 season.

Botelho spent the balance of the Cubs' 1984 division title season with their AAA team in Iowa, posting a solid season of a 10–11 record and 3.81 ERA, perhaps the best showing of any of the I-Cubs' starting pitchers. After going 11–7 in 20 starts for Iowa in 1985, Botelho was called up to the Cubs to join their injury-decimated starting rotation. He lost his first two starts on August 5 and 11 but remained in the rotation, finally winning his first game as a Cub on September 1 against the Atlanta Braves, when he pitched his only Major League complete game. However, after a disastrous September 6 start (1 innings, 5 earned runs), Botelho was moved to the bullpen. His appearance on September 24, 1985, would prove to be his last in the Major Leagues.

Botelho spent three next three seasons pitching for the AAA teams of the Cincinnati Reds, Royals, and St. Louis Cardinals before retiring as a player at age 32.

Botelho resurfaced in 1990 as a minor league pitching coach for the Martinsville Phillies and in 1998 as a minor league pitching coach for the Burlington Bees. He has also served in that capacity for the Rockford Reds, Dayton Dragons, GCL Braves, Danville Braves, Richmond Braves, the Mississippi Braves, the Gwinnett Braves and currently, the Lynchburg Hillcats.

Personal
Botelho now resides in Burlington, Iowa.

References

External links

Mississippi Braves bio page

1956 births
Living people
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Baseball players from Long Beach, California
Chicago Cubs players
Daytona Beach Explorers players
Denver Zephyrs players
Fort Myers Royals players
Iowa Cubs players
Jacksonville Suns players
Kansas City Royals players
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Miami Dade Sharks baseball players
Minor league baseball coaches
Omaha Royals players
Peninsula Pilots players
Reading Phillies players
Spartanburg Phillies players
Wichita Aeros players
Baseball coaches from California
Boca Raton Community High School alumni

Derek Botelho


The Medal of Merit of the Dominican Woman is a decoration awarded by the Dominican government to women that were prominent in their social occupation. It was established by decree on 29 May 1985 to be conferred on 8 March of each year, the International Women's Day.

The Medal is conferred by the government on recommendation of the Consultive Council of the Ministry of the Woman.

March 8, 1986, was the first time that the medal was conferred. Since then, more than 100 women in different areas have been distinguished.

External links
 Secretaría de Estado de la Mujer (In Spanish)

Orders, decorations, and medals of the Dominican Republic

Medal of Merit of the Dominican Woman


Melodies for You was a long-running BBC radio music programme, broadcast on Sunday mornings until 1992 and Sunday evenings subsequently, which presented works of light popular and classical music.

The show was merged with Your Hundred Best Tunes in 2007 by BBC controller Lesley Douglas, who appointed Alan Titchmarsh as presenter. The show was then dropped by controller Bob Shennan with the final broadcast on Sunday, 28 August 2011.

In the final broadcast, Alan Titchmarsh played personal favourites:

 Gilbert Vinter and his Orchestra — The Arcadians Overture
 Edita Gruberová — Der Holle Rache
 Black Dyke Mills Band — The Titchmarsh Warbler
 The New London Orchestra — Knightsbridge March
 Iona Brown — The Lark Ascending
 Jussi Bjoerling and Robert Merrill — Pearl Fishers Duet
 Peter Skellern and Richard Stilgoe — Joyce the Librarian
 The Band of Her Majesty's Royal Marines — Sunset
 New Symphony Orchestra of London — The Nightmare Song from Isidore
 Pat Metheny — Always and Forever
 Thomas Round — Love Unspoken from The Merry Widow
 BBC Concert Orchestra — Leap Year Waltz
 Philharmonia Orchestra — Rose Adagio
 Joyce Grenfell — Old Tyme Dancing
 Manchester Children's Choir — Nymphs and Shepherds from The Libertine
 Royal Philharmonic Orchestra - Pride and Prejudice
 Shirley Jones and Gordon Macrae — If I Loved You
 Huddersfield Choral Society and Orchestra — Hallelujah Chorus

References

External links

BBC Radio 2 programmes
British classical music radio programmes
1967 radio programme debuts
2011 radio programme endings

Melodies for You


The 3rd Reims Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race, held on July 1, 1962, at the Reims-Gueux circuit, near Reims in France. The race was run over 50 laps of the 8.302 km circuit and was won by New Zealand driver Bruce McLaren in a Cooper T60.

Reims-Gueux hosted the French Grand Prix under Grand Prix regulations in 1932, 1938 and 1939 due to the popularity of the Grand Prix de la Marne, a Grand Prix racing series dating back to 1925. Post war changes in political and financial structures moved the 1962 Grand Prix de France to the Rouen-Les-Essarts circuit. Reims secured a separate non-championship Formula One event instead. Most of the Formula One teams entered the competition except for Ferrari and Porsche.

Results

References

External links
 "The Formula One Record Book", John Thompson, 1974, pp. 96–97
 Aiden Cooper T59 Climax (photos)

Reims Grand Prix
Reims Grand Prix

1962 Reims Grand Prix


The Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) is an information technology conference held annually by Apple Inc. The conference is usually held at Apple Park in California. The event is usually used to showcase new software and technologies in the macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS families as well as other Apple software;  new hardware products are sometimes announced as well. WWDC is also an event hosted for third-party software developers that work on apps for iPhones, iPads, Macs, and other Apple devices. Attendees can participate in hands-on labs with Apple engineers and attend in-depth sessions covering a wide variety of topics.

The first ever WWDC was held in 1983, with the introduction of Apple Basic, but it was not until 2002 that Apple started using the conference as a major launchpad for new products. Beginning in 1987, WWDC was held in Santa Clara. After 15 years in nearby San Jose, the conference moved to San Francisco, where it eventually became Apple's primary media event of the year and regularly sold out. WWDC returned to San Jose 13 years later.

WWDC 2020 and WWDC 2021 were hosted as online-only conferences due to the COVID-19 pandemic. WWDC 2022 invited developers and the press back to Apple Park for the first time in about three years despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Customers and consumers watched the event via online live streams. All of these events were hosted at Apple Park in Cupertino, California. The most recent conference, called WWDC 2023, was held both online and in-person.

Attendance

A $1,599 ticket is required to enter the conference. Tickets are obtained through an online lottery. Scholarships are available for students and members of STEM organizations. Attendees must be 13 years or older and must be a member of an Apple Developer program.

Until 2007, the number of attendees varied between 2,000 and 4,200; however, during WWDC 2007, Steve Jobs noted that there were more than 5,000 attendees. The WWDC events held from 2008 to 2015 were capped, and sold out at 5,000 attendees (5,200 including special attendees). WWDC 2018 had 6,000 attendees from 77 countries, including 350 scholarship recipients.

Content
WWDC is held annually from Monday to Friday on one week in June. The conference consists primarily of a keynote address, presentation sessions, one-on-one "lab" consultations, and special get-togethers and events.

The conference begins with a Monday morning keynote address by Tim Cook and other Apple executives. (From 1998 until his resignation and death in 2011, Steve Jobs gave the keynote address, which the media often called the Stevenote.) It is attended by both conference attendees and the media, since Apple regularly makes product announcements at the event. Hardware announced during the address is sometimes exhibited in the conference hall afterwards. The keynote address is followed in the afternoon by a Platforms State of the Union address, which highlights and demonstrates changes in Apple's software developer platforms that are detailed in sessions later in the week. The Apple Design Awards are also announced on the first day of the conference.

Several session tracks run simultaneously from Tuesday through Friday. The presentations cover programming, design, and other topics and range from introductory to advanced. Almost all regularly scheduled presentations are delivered by Apple employees. These presentations are streamed live, and recordings can be viewed on demand on the Apple Developer website in the conference's iOS and tvOS applications. Lunchtime sessions are given by a variety of guest speakers who are industry experts in technology and science; these sessions are not streamed or recorded. In the past, some sessions included question-and-answer time, and a popular Stump the Experts session featured interaction between Apple employees and attendees.

At the labs, which run throughout the week, Apple engineers are available for one-on-one consultations with developers in attendance. Experts in user interface design and accessibility are also available for consultations by appointment.

Apple organizes social get-togethers during the conference for various groups, such as women in technology or developers interested in internationalization or machine learning. The Thursday evening Bash (previously the Beer Bash) at a nearby park features live music, food, and drinks for all attendees 21 years or older.

History

1980s

1983 – Apple Independent Software Developers Conference
In 1983, the first WWDC was held. During this time, the event was called The Apple Independent Software Developers Conference. Participants of the event had to sign an NDA, so not much is known about the event, but what is known is that people got a first look at Lisa, the world's first personal computer with a graphical interface.

1984 – Apple II Forever
In 1984, Jobs introduced the famous Macintosh, the second graphical interface personal computer, to developers. This was also the first year the conference was open to the media.

1986 – Apple World Conference
The 1986 Apple World Conference was in San Francisco, featuring over 400 exhibitors and 200 companies showcasing Apple II and Macintosh-related products. Attendees could purchase computer accessories, peripherals, hardware, and software. Apple also introduced the monochrome laser printer LaserWriter Plus at the conference. Notable industry experts, such as Stewart Alsop II, David Bunnell, Esther Dyson, Adam Green, and Guy Kawasaki led several conferences.

1987 - AppleWorld Conference
The AppleWorld Conference 1987 was a two-day event held in Los Angeles on March 2–3, 1987, to celebrate Apple's tenth anniversary and introduce new products. At the keynote event, Apple introduced the Macintosh SE and Macintosh II, which was the first Macintosh to support A/UX, Apple's implementation of Unix. In addition, Apple announced its collaboration with 3Com to develop EtherTalk, an Ethernet-compatible version of the AppleTalk protocol. During the opening session, Apple COO Del Yocam, Steve Wozniak, and CEO John Sculley spoke about Apple's history, philosophy, and goals, respectively. Sculley hinted at Apple's future plans, including a commitment to higher-resolution screens.

1987 - Apple Developers Conference
The 1987 DevCon was on the first week of April.

Spring, 1988
In the last week of April, in anticipation of the System 6.0 launch, Apple announced several features that would be included in the release. These features included a notification manager that could send data to foreground applications, Macro Maker, a program designed to create keyboard macros, Quickergraf, a performance enhancement to Quickdraw, and enhancements to the system's print monitor.

For System 7.0, Apple announced additional features, including functions related to interapplication communication, and MultiFinder would become a standard, integrated part of the operating system, replacing Finder. Apple also addressed issues related to 32-bit graphics, including Color Quickdraw.

Greater multitasking was also emphasized, in the form of interprocess communications.

In addition to these updates, Bill Atkinson introduced Version 1.2 of HyperCard, which provided support for CD-ROM and other write-protected media.

Summer, 1988
In the second week of September, Apple announced AppleTalk support for VMS and DECnet.

1989
In 1989, System 7 was announced.

1990s

1991
In 1991, WWDC saw the first public demonstration of QuickTime.

1995
In 1995, WWDC'95 focused almost fully on the Copland project, which by this time was able to be demonstrated to some degree. Gil Amelio stated that the system was on-schedule to ship in beta form in later summer with an initial commercial release in the very late fall. However, very few live demos were offered, and no beta of the operating system was offered.

1996
In 1996, WWDC'96's primary emphasis was a new software component technology called OpenDoc, which allowed end users to compile an application from components offering features they desired most. The OpenDoc consortium included Adobe, Lotus, others, and Apple. Apple touted OpenDoc as the future foundation for application structure under Mac OS. As proof of concept, Apple demonstrated a new end-user product called Cyberdog, a comprehensive Internet application component suite offering users an integrated browser, email, FTP, telnet, finger and other services built fully of user-exchangeable OpenDoc components. ClarisWorks (later renamed AppleWorks), a principal product in Apple's wholly owned subsidiary Claris Corporation, was demonstrated as an example of a pre-OpenDoc component architecture application modified to be able to contain functional OpenDoc components.

1997
In 1997, WWDC marked the return of Steve Jobs as a consultant, and his famous reaction to an insult by a developer. WWDC'97 was the first show after the purchase of NeXT, and focused on the efforts to use OPENSTEP as the foundation of the next Mac OS. The plan at that time was to introduce a new system then named Rhapsody, which would consist of a version of OPENSTEP modified with a more Mac-like look and feel, the Yellow Box, along with a Blue Box that allowed extant Mac applications to run under OS emulation. The show focused mainly on the work in progress, including a short history of development efforts since the two development teams had been merged on February 4. Several new additions to the system were also demonstrated, including tabbed and outline views, and a new object-based graphics layer (NSBezier).

1998
In 1998, in response to developer comments about the new operating system, the big announcement at WWDC'98 was the introduction of Carbon, effectively a version of the classic Mac OS API implemented on OpenStep. Under the original Rhapsody plans, classic applications would run in sandboxed installation of the classic Mac OS, (called the Blue Box) and have no access to the new Mac OS X features.  To receive new features, such as protected memory and preemptive multitasking, developers had to rewrite applications using the Yellow Box API. Developer complaints about the major porting effort to what was then a shrinking market and warnings that they might simply abandon the platform, led Apple to reconsider the original plan. Carbon addressed the problem by dramatically reducing the effort needed, while exposing some of the new functions of the underlying OS. Another major introduction at WWDC'98 was the Quartz imaging model, which replaced Display PostScript with something akin to display PDF. Although the reasons for this switch remain unclear, Quartz also included better support for the extant QuickDraw model from the classic OS, and (as later learned) Java2D. Supporting QuickDraw directly in the graphics model also led to a related announcement, that the Blue Box would now be invisible, integrated into the extant desktop, instead of a separate window.

1999
In 1999, WWDC'99 was essentially a progress report as the plans outlined in WWDC'98 came to fruition. Three major announcements were the opening of the operating system underlying the new OS as Darwin, improvements to the Macintosh Finder, and the replacement of QuickDraw 3D with OpenGL as the primary 3D API. The system formerly named OpenStep, and during development termed Yellow Box, was formally renamed Cocoa. 2,563 developers attended.

2000s

2000
WWDC 2000 was another "progress report" before the upcoming release of Mac OS X. Recent changes included a modified dock and improved versions of the developer tools. Developer Preview 4 was released at the show, with the commercial release pushed back to January 2001. Also, WebObjects was dropped in price to a flat fee of US$699. Approximately 3,600 developers attended and the band The Rippingtons played at the Apple campus.

2001
In 2001, Mac OS X had only recently been released, but WWDC'01 added the first release of Mac OS X Server and WebObjects 5. Over 4,000 developers attended, and leather jackets with a large blue "X" embroidered on the back were distributed to attendees.

2002
In 2002, Mac OS X v.10.2, QuickTime 6 and Rendezvous (now named Bonjour) were presented. Apple also said farewell to Mac OS 9 with a mock funeral, and told the developers that no more Mac OS 9 development would occur, reinforcing that the future of the Mac was now entirely on Mac OS X, thus shutting down the Classic Mac OS operating system.

2003
In 2003, WWDC 2003 demonstrated the Power Mac G5, previewed Mac OS X Panther (10.3), announced the launch of Safari 1.0 (concluding its beta phase), and introduced  the iApps: iPhoto, iMovie, iDVD, etc. Attendees received Apple's first model of the iSight web camera (to coincide with the launch of iChat AV), pre-releases of Mac OS X 10.3 and Mac OS X 10.3 Server, the O'Reilly book Cocoa in a Nutshell, and a 17-inch notebook carry bag. Apple also screened the Pixar film Finding Nemo for attendees, ahead of its premiere in cinemas. Formerly scheduled for May 19 to 23 in San Jose, California, WWDC 2003 was rescheduled for June 23 to 27 at San Francisco's Moscone Center. Approximately 3,000 developers attended.

2004
In 2004, WWDC was held from June 28 to July 2. Jobs noted that 3,500 developers attended, a 17% increase from 2003. New displays were introduced in 23- and 30-inch widescreen. Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) was previewed and iTunes 4.9, the first version with integrated podcast support, was demoed by Jobs. All attendees received a developer preview of Tiger, a grey T-shirt with the Apple logo on the front and "WWDC 2004" on the back, a backpack able to hold a 17-inch PowerBook, and a copy of Apple Remote Desktop 2.0. The band Jimmy Eat World played at the Apple campus after attendees were taken there by bus from Moscone Center West.

2005
WWDC 2005 was held from June 6 to 10. After a basic market update, Jobs announced that Apple would transition the Mac to Intel processors. The keynote featured developers from Wolfram Research, who discussed their experience porting Mathematica to Mac OS X on the Intel platform. The conference consisted of 110 lab sessions and 95 presentation sessions, while more than 500 Apple engineers were on site alongside 3,800 attendees from 45 countries. The band The Wallflowers played at the Apple campus.

2006

In 2006, Jobs once again delivered the keynote presentation at the WWDC, which was held from August 7 to 11 in Moscone Center West, San Francisco. The Mac Pro was announced as a replacement to the Power Mac G5, which was Apple's prior pro desktop computer and the last remaining PowerPC-based Mac. The standard Mac Pro featured two 2.66 GHz dual core Xeon (Woodcrest) processors, 1 GB RAM, 250 GB hard drive, and a 256 MB video card. An Xserve update, based on the dual core Xeons, was also announced. Redundant power and Lights Out Management were further product improvements to Apple's server lineup. While certain key Mac OS X improvements were undisclosed, there were 10 improvements in the next iteration, Mac OS X Leopard (10.5), including: full 64-bit app support, Time Machine, Boot Camp, Front Row, Photo Booth, Spaces (Virtual Desktops), Spotlight enhancements, Core Animation, Universal Access enhancements, Mail enhancements, and Dashboard enhancements (including Dashcode, and iChat enhancements). Along with the Leopard features that were announced, a major revision to the Mac OS X Server product was announced. New features to the Server included: a simplified set-up process, iCal Server (based on the CalDAV standard), Apple Teams (a set of web-based collaborative services), Spotlight Server, and Podcast Producer. The 2006 WWDC attracted 4,200 developers from 48 countries, while there were 140 sessions and 100 hands-on labs for developers. More than 1,000 Apple engineers were present at the event, and the DJ BT performed at the Apple Campus in Cupertino.

2007
WWDC 2007 was held from June 11 to 15 in Moscone Center West, and started with a keynote presentation from Jobs. Apple presented a feature-complete beta of Mac OS X Leopard, even though its release date was pushed back to October. Jobs announced that a version of Safari, Apple's proprietary web browser, had been created for Windows, and that a beta release was being made available online that same day. Apple also announced support for third-party development of the then-upcoming iPhone via online web applications running in Safari on the handset. The announcement implied that Apple, at least for the time being, had no plans to release an iPhone software development kit (SDK), meaning that developers must use standard web protocols. Also, Jobs noted during the keynote that more than 5,000 attendees were present at WWDC 2007, breaking the prior year's record. The band Ozomatli played at the Yerba Buena Gardens.

2008
In 2008, WWDC 2008 took place from June 9 to 13 in Moscone Center West. Apple reported that, for the first time, the conference had sold out. There were three tracks for developers, iPhone, Mac, and IT. Announcements at the keynote included the App Store for iPhone and iPod Touch, the stable version of the iPhone SDK, a subsidized 3G version of the iPhone for Worldwide markets, version 2.0 of iPhone OS, Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6), and the replacement/rebranding of .Mac as MobileMe. Seven years later, Yahoo News would describe 2008 as "perhaps the peak year for WWDC product intros", which however was marred by problems with MobileMe that caused "one of the biggest PR disasters in Apple history". For the bash held June 12, the band Barenaked Ladies played at the Yerba Buena Gardens.

2009
In 2009, WWDC 2009 took place from June 8 to 12 in Moscone Center West, and Apple reported that the 2009 conference sold out in late April. Announcements at the keynote included the release of the iPhone OS 3.0 software announced to developers in March, a demonstration of Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6), the new 13" MacBook Pro, updates to the 15" and 17" MacBook Pros, and the new iPhone 3GS. Phil Schiller, Apple's SVP for Product Marketing, presented the WWDC keynote this year, instead of Jobs, who had taken medical leave of absence since the start of the year. Attendees received a neoprene messenger bag and the band Cake played at the Yerba Buena Gardens. This was the first year plastic badges were used instead of printed paper badges.

2010s

2010

WWDC 2010 was announced on April 28, 2010 and held at Moscone Center West from June 7 to 11. Apple reported that the conference was sold out within 8 days of tickets being made available, even though tickets were only available at the full price of US$1599 (2009 and prior, tickets could be bought with an early-bird discount of US$300). On June 7, 2010, Jobs announced the iPhone 4, whose technical problems, combined with Jobs blaming phone owners for them, would dominate the aftermath of the conference ("Antennagate"). Also at WWDC 2010, the renaming of iPhone OS to iOS was announced. The FaceTime and iMovie app for iPhone applications were also announced. The band OK Go played at the Yerba Buena Gardens. Attendees received a black track jacket with the letters "WWDC" across the vest and the number "10" stitched on the back.

2011

WWDC 2011 was held in Moscone Center West from June 6 to 10, 2011. The event reportedly sold out within just 12 hours of the 5,000 tickets being placed on sale on March 28, 2011. The ticket price also remained the same from the 2010 WWDC, selling at US$1,599, however, after-market pricing for tickets ranged from US$2,500 to US$3,500. At the keynote, Apple unveiled its next generation software: Mac OS X Lion, the eighth major release of Mac OS X; iOS 5, the next version of Apple's advanced mobile operating system which powers the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch; and iCloud, Apple's upcoming cloud services offering. Michael Franti and Spearhead played at the Bash in Yerba Buena Gardens on June 9. Attendees received a black track jacket similar to that of the prior year, but with a smaller "WWDC" across the front and the number "11" stitched on the back. This was the final Apple event hosted by Jobs.

2012

WWDC 2012 was held in Moscone Center West from June 11 to 15. The ticket price remained the same as the 2010 WWDC, selling at US$1,599. Apple changed the purchasing process by requiring purchases to be made using an Apple ID associated with a paid Apple developer account. Tickets went on sale shortly after 8:30 am Eastern Time on Wednesday April 25, 2012, and were sold out within 1 hour and 43 minutes. The keynote highlighted the launch of Apple Maps, and also announced new models of the MacBook Air, and MacBook Pro including one with Retina Display. Apple also showcased OS X Mountain Lion and iOS 6.

In prior years, attendees were required to be at least 18 years old. In 2012, Apple changed this requirement to at least 13 years after a minor who was "accidentally" awarded a student scholarship in 2011 successfully petitioned Tim Cook to retain the award. Despite the change, Beer Bash attendees were still required to be 18 years old, and 21 years old to consume alcohol, in accord with local and federal laws. Neon Trees performed at the WWDC Bash.

2013

In 2013, WWDC 2013 was held from June 10 to 14, 2013 in Moscone Center West. Tickets went on sale at 10 am PDT on April 25, 2013, selling out within 71 seconds (1 minute and 11 seconds). Apple also announced that it would award 150 free WWDC 2013 Student Scholarship tickets for young attendees to benefit from the conference's many workshops.

In the keynote, Apple unveiled redesigned models of the Mac Pro, AirPort Time Capsule, AirPort Extreme, and MacBook Air, and showcased OS X Mavericks, iOS 7, iWork for iCloud, and a new music streaming service named iTunes Radio. Vampire Weekend performed at the Bash on June 13 at the Yerba Buena Gardens.  Attendees received a black wind breaker with the letters "WWDC" across the front and the number "13" stitched on the back.

2014

WWDC 2014 was held from June 2 to 6, 2014 in Moscone Center West. For the first time, the opportunity to buy tickets was given at random to developers who were members of an Apple developer program at the time of the conference announcement, and who registered at Apple's developer web site. Apple also gave 200 free Student Scholarship tickets. The keynote began on June 2 and Apple unveiled several new software items, including iOS 8—the largest update to iOS since the release of the App Store—and OS X Yosemite, which features a redesigned interface inspired by iOS. Announcements included the new programming language Swift, many developer kits and tools for iOS 8, but no new hardware. Bastille performed at the Yerba Buena Gardens, and attendees received a black windbreaker with the letters "WWDC" across the front and the number "14" stitched on the back, along with a US$25 iTunes gift card to commemorate the 25th anniversary of WWDC.

2015

WWDC 2015 was held from June 8 to 12, 2015 in Moscone Center West in San Francisco. The major announcements were the new features of iOS 9, the next version of OS X called OS X El Capitan, the first major software update to the Apple Watch, the June 30 debut of Apple Music, and news that the language Swift was becoming open-source software supporting iOS, OS X, and Linux. The Beer Bash was held at the Yerba Buena Gardens on June 11. Walk the Moon performed there.

2016

WWDC 2016 was held from June 13 to June 17, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium and Moscone Center West in San Francisco. The announcements at the event included renaming OS X to macOS, the new version named macOS Sierra, as well as updates to iOS 10, watchOS 3, and tvOS 10. Apple proclaimed that the keynote would be the largest ever for developers; this became the reality when they allowed third-party developers to extend the functionality in Messages, Apple Maps, and Siri. Cisco Systems and Apple announced a partnership at the 2016 WWDC. Cisco APIs, accessed through Cisco DevNet, were to have greater interoperability with Apple iOS and APIs.

The keynote was more about software updates and features, as no new hardware was introduced. Apple released the Home App that works with HomeKit as a control center for all third-party applications which provide functions for the home. Also, Swift Playgrounds was announced as an iPad exclusive app that helps younger people learn to code with Apple's programming language Swift. APFS, Apple's new file system, was introduced.

The Bash was performed by Good Charlotte at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium.

2017

WWDC 2017 (stylized as WWDC17) was held from June 5 to June 9, 2017, at the San Jose Convention Center in San Jose, California, which was the first time since 2002 that the conference took place in the city. Software announcements included iOS 11, watchOS 4, macOS High Sierra, and tvOS 11. Hardware announcements included updates to iMac, MacBook and MacBook Pro, as well as the new iMac Pro, 10.5-inch iPad Pro and smart speaker HomePod. Fall Out Boy performed at the Bash held in Discovery Meadow on June 8.

2018

WWDC 2018 was held from June 4 to June 8, 2018, at the San Jose Convention Center in San Jose, California. The announcements at the event included iOS 12, macOS Mojave, watchOS 5, and tvOS 12. As with 2016, there were no new hardware announcements. Panic! at the Disco performed at the Bash at Discovery Meadow Park.

2019
WWDC 2019 was held from June 3 to June 7, 2019, at the San Jose Convention Center in San Jose, California. The announcements at the event included iOS 13, macOS Catalina, watchOS 6, tvOS 13, iPadOS 13, the 3rd generation Mac Pro, and the Pro Display XDR. Weezer performed at the Bash at Discovery Meadow Park.

2020s

2020
WWDC 2020 was held from June 22 to June 26, 2020 as an online-only conference for the first time because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The announcements at the online Apple Special Event included iOS 14, iPadOS 14, watchOS 7, tvOS 14, macOS Big Sur, and Apple's transition to custom ARM processors for their Macintosh family of personal computers, including a prototype ARM-based Mac for developer use. The event video footage was recorded at Apple Park in Cupertino, California. In total, the event got over 22 million views with around 72 hours of content.

2021
WWDC 2021, with the tag line "Glow and behold.", was held from June 7 to June 11, 2021 as another online-only conference due to the COVID-19 pandemic. iOS 15, iPadOS 15, watchOS 8, tvOS 15, macOS Monterey, and other software updates were announced. There were no new hardware announcements at the conference. As with 2020, the event video footage was recorded at Apple Park in Cupertino, California.

2022
WWDC 2022, with the tagline "Call to code.", was held from June 6 to June 10, 2022, as an online conference due to the COVID-19 pandemic despite improvements, although there was a special day at Apple Park on June 6, allowing developers and students to watch the online events together. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the event also occurred as an in-person conference for the first time since the previous one held in 2019. iOS 16, iPadOS 16, watchOS 9, tvOS 16 and macOS Ventura were announced at the conference. Stage Manager for Macs was also introduced during the initial presentation. Hardware announcements included the M2 chip and updated MacBook Air and 13-inch MacBook Pro models based on it.

2023
WWDC 2023 with the tagline "Code new worlds" was held from June 5 to June 9 in an online format with an in-person experience at Apple Park on the first day of the show. Similarly to the previous years, Apple held the Swift Student Challenge, launched in 2020 for the first time, with applications through April 19 and results on May 9. Prizes included WWDC outerwear, AirPods Pro, a customized pin set, and a one-year membership in the Apple Developer Program. Among the winners, some were randomly be chosen to attend the Apple Park special event. For software, Apple introduced macOS 14 Sonoma, the 20th major release of macOS, as well as iOS 17, iPadOS 17, watchOS 10, tvOS 17 and firmware updates to AirPods. For hardware, they announced the Apple M2 Ultra SoC for Macs, 15-inch MacBook Air, Mac Studio with M2 Max and Ultra and the long awaited Mac Pro with M2 Ultra. They also unveiled a AR/VR headset under the name of "Apple Vision Pro", which would have games and experiences developed with Unity.

Scholarships

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Apple replaced the annual WWDC Scholarships with the Swift Student Challenge, a programming contest held before WWDC which centers on the Swift programming language. , the program was managed by Apple head of developer marketing Esther Hare. 350 winners are selected, who receive WWDC-themed clothing, a metal pin set, the ability to meet Apple engineers, a one-year membership of the Apple Developer Program, and since 2022, a pair of AirPods Pro. In 2022, Tim Cook met with 12 of the winners. In 2023, students could also enter a lottery for in-person attendance of WWDC at Apple Park.

The task is to create an interactive scene, shorter than 3 minutes, inside Swift Playgrounds, an Apple app that teaches introductory programming. The projects are judged based on technical accomplishment, creativity, and the text accompanying the submission.

The challenge is only open to students 13 or older, the minimum age in their jurisdiction, for example, 16 in the European Union, who are currently enrolled in an accredited school or have recently graduated, and who are not working full-time as developers. Students can win the award up to four times.

Related events
Several third-party conferences are held in conjunction with WWDC each year, including AltConf, Layers, and NextDoor. Prominent podcasters Jim Dalrymple and John Gruber hold events nearby, and former Apple evangelist James Dempsey performs a benefit concert.

Previously, Apple also announced new products at Macworld Expo and Apple Expo. Apple continues to hold "special events" throughout the year for product introductions, and on rare occasions releases products without holding an event.

See also

 Apple Inc. advertising
 Apple Music Festival
 Google I/O
 Microsoft Build
 List of Apple Inc. media events

References

External links

Recurring events established in 1983
1983 establishments in California
June events

Worldwide Developers Conference


Slobodan Savić (born in 1964) is a Serbian author, theatre critic, writer and journalist.

Biography

He graduated Literature and Theory of Literature from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology. His reviews and short prose works were published in Student, Vidici, Književna reč, Književne novine, Književni list, literary almanacs, emitted in radio and television programmes; his columns were published in leading journals and periodicals in the country. He has been an Editor and Editor in Chief of cultural programme on Radio Belgrade 2 for many years, and the author and mediator of the cult talk show Radio parliament (that was cancelled for 'political incorrectness' in 1995). He was Editor of literary journal Znak, literary Editor of magazine Profil, columnist and Editor of culture of a daily papers Glas javnosti. He was awarded by a journal Vidici and the winner of Annual award of Radio Television Belgrade.
He is a screenwriter and author of numerous documentary TV films and series. The Editor in Department of Cultural and Artistic programme on Serbian Radio Television (Serbian Broadcasting Corporation, Belgrade). Initiator and author of the TV series Reading of the Theater. He is a member of the Association of Theatre Critics of Serbia (ITCA). He was born at Požarevac, grew up at Kostolac, lives and works in Belgrade for many years.

Awards
 Sterijino pozorje, Sterija Award for theater criticism in 2021, Novi Sad, 2021.

Works
 Kratka svetska priča (Short Stories Worldwide), selection of stories, publisher Braničevo, Požarevac, 1989),
 Zbog njih su mnogi gubili glavu (Many were crazy about them), publisher Evro, Belgrade, 2000,
 Istočno i zapadno od raja (East and West from Eden), publisher Laguna, Belgrade, 2007,
 Biljana Srbljanović, porodične i druge priče (Biljana Srbljanovic, family and other tales), publisher Knjaževsko-srpski teatar, City of Kragujevac, 2008.

Selection from TV series Reading of the Theater

TV series Reading of the Theater
 Novi pozorišni poredak (35 years of BITEF)
 Izgon iz komunističkog raja (Aleksandar Popović)
 Režija i angažman (Thomas Ostermeier)
 Amadeus režije (Jagoš Marković)
 Pozorište kao utočište (Goran Marković)
 Kroz istoriju i pozorište Srbije
 Porodične i druge priče, (Biljana Srbljanović)
 Život nije bajka (Milena Marković)
 Pozorište u dosluhu s vremenom (Egon Savin)
 Pozorište kao ogledalo istorije (Vida Ognjenović)
 Nepodnošljiva lakoća režije (Jerzy Mencl)

Gallery

References

External links

Radio Television Belgrade
Laguna
Knjaževsko-srpski teatar

1964 births
Living people
Writers from Požarevac
Serbian non-fiction writers
Serbian literary critics
Literary critics of Serbian
Serbian theatre critics
Serbian screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Serbian television journalists
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology alumni

Slobodan Savić


Ekaterina Vaganova (born January 9, 1988) is a Russian dancer. She is the World champion on the Ballroom and Latin American dances. She was two-time Champion of Russia, four-time Champion of Italy, two-time vice-champion of the World in Youth Latin, IDSF, finalist of the World and European championships in IDSF, champion of the World 2009 in IDSA and IDU versions and champion of the Europe WDC Latin 2009.

Biography
Vaganova began dancing when she was two and a half years old, in the dance school in the town of Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka, Russia. At the age of six, she started ballroom dancing. When she was 11 years old, her family moved to Moscow.

Two years later, when dancing with Alexander Ermachenkov, Vaganova became a World Champion in juniors in the program of ten dances. Ekaterina and Alexander were awarded the Exercise Prize in 2001 for their contribution of the development of dance sports in Russia.

From 2004 to 2006, Vaganova danced with Gabriel Goffredo and represented Italy. Vaganova and Goffredo were two time vice-champions of the world in youth Latin.

From 2006 to 2008 Ekaterina Vaganova performed with Andrea De Angelis. After dancing together for six months, they came fourth at the World and European Championships-2007 in the program of 10 dances. They were also finalists in the International Championship Under 21, the Dutch Open Champions 2006 Under 21, and came seventh in the Blackpool Dance Festival Under 21 Latin.

In March 2009 Ekaterina participated in the TV program "Dancing with the Stars" in Russia in couple with Kirill Pletnev and Yuri Askarov.

In addition to sports performances, Ekaterina teaches dance in Russia, Italy, Spain, Austria and Ukraine.
Many of her students became champions of the national championships, World Championship finalists and finalists of the Blackpool Dance Festival.

Ekaterina speaks Italian, Spanish, English and Russian. Her hobbies include classical music, ballet, theater and literature about art.

On February 12, 2015, she and Russian ballet dancer Artem Yachmennikov were married.

References

External links
 Official Website
 Il Vulcano di Ekaterina - Interview

Dancesport
Living people
Russian ballroom dancers
1988 births
Russian female dancers
21st-century Russian dancers

Ekaterina Vaganova


The State Courier Service of the Russian Federation () is a federal body of executive authority responsible for federal courier communications Russia.

The current director is Valery Tikhonov, who was appointed by Vladimir Putin on June 26, 2012. Previously, he was the vice governor of Saint Petersburg since 2004.

Background
The State Courier Service of the Russian Federation (GFS of Russia) is a federal executive authority performing specific functions in the area of federal courier in the Russian Federation, and is a system of federal bodies of executive authority, which provides guidance to the President of the Russian Federation.

The GFS of Russia headed by the Director of the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation who shall be appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation.

History
The Courier Corps was created on December 17, 1796, by Imperial decree of the Emperor Pavel I. The personnel of the Corps Courier were ensure the delivery of orders, reports, securities, parcels, as well as support for high-ranking officials, and was operated under the College of War.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the successor to the Imperial Courier Service Corps has an external link All-Russian General Staff, and from 1920 – The Courier Corps of the Red Army. On August 6, 1921 The Courier links service was created as part of the Cheka.

On November 25, 1991 The Courier Service Office was part of the Ministry of Communications of the USSR and was transformed into the State Courier Service of the RSFSR in the Ministry of Communications of the Russian SFSR.

On September 30, 1992 The State Courier Service of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation was transformed into a Federal Courier under the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.

On January 24, 1995 The Federal Office of Communications under the Ministry of Courier and Communications of Russia was reorganized into the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation (GFS of Russia) as the current name.

On September 6, 1996 the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation was reorganized into the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation under the Ministry of Communications of Russia.

On August 20, 1997 the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation was reorganized and subordinated directly to the Government of the Russia.

On May 17, 2000 the State Courier Service of the Russian Government was reorganized into the State Courier Service under the President of the Russian Federation.

Structure
The Courier Communications Division located in all provincial, regional and national centers of Russia, as well as in a number of large cities, are of economic importance.

In a unified system of federal courier division includes the central office, regional offices (in Moscow, eight departments of the federal districts, 73 departments and offices in the capitals and administrative centers of the Russian Federation, as well as a department in the city of Sochi).

The Agencies of the Federal courier mail delivery will take place on 112 permanent routes: 60 aviation, 36 rail and 16 road. Every day in airplanes and trains, there are about 300 employees of the federal courier. In addition, regular meetings are carried out and seeing members of the Inter-governmental courier arriving in Moscow on 12 inter-state routes.

Tasks
The main tasks of the GFS Russia, according to the provisions of paragraph 2, are:
 to ensure prompt delivery and guaranteed safety of items of particular importance, top secret, secret service and other items:
 President of the Russian Federation, federal bodies of state authority;
 Prosecution of the Russian Federation;
 public authorities of the Russian Federation;
 local governments to address the Government of the Russian Federation;
 members of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, deputies of * legislative (representative) bodies of state power of subjects of the Russian Federation;
 Russian Ministry of Defense, Russian Armed Forces, combating arms, military districts, fleets, regional commands Troops of Russia and territorial bodies of the Federal Security Service of Russia;
administration of industrial and military sites which are of particular public importance by the decision of the Government;
Shipping overseas correspondence, as well as technical documentation and samples of industrial products by the President of the Russian Federation and (or) the Government of the Russian Federation;
delivery of correspondence foreign heads of state and heads of governments of foreign states, public authorities of states – members of the Inter-governmental Agreement on the courier;
mail delivery of the Commonwealth of Independent States, located on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Directors
Heads of Russian State Courier Service since 1796:

Imperial Russia
Shelagin  (1796–1799)
Nikolai Kastorsky  (1799–1814)
 Bogdan Tiesenhausen  (1814–1817)
 Stepan Dyuzhakov  (1817–1823)
Mikhail Vasiliev (1823–1827)
 Yakov Dieterichs  (1827–1832)
Yakov Sachs  (1832–1850)
 Vasily Babushkin (1850–1855)
Alexey Bushen  (1855–1858)
Emile Krause  (1858–1878)
Karl Von-Meier (1878–1888)
Adolf Von-Vitt  (1888–1905)
Mikhail Sipyagin  (1905–1909)
Aleksander Nosov (1909–1918)

Soviet Russia
 Yakov Gaikazov  (1918–1920)
Ippolit Eismont  (1920–1921)
Ivan Bushkov  (1921–1924)
Pavel Mitrofanov  (1921–1923)
Military Commission – Samokatchiki unit (1917–1922)
Vladimir Zhukov  (1924–1936)
Alievsky, Volkov, Zuev, Belyanin  (1936–1941)
Yosif Rybak  (1941–1949)
Boris Krasnopevtsev  (1949–1983)
Boris Bredikhin  (1983–1986)
Gennady Popov  (1986–1991)

Federal Russia
Valery Andreyev (1991—1995)
Victor Solkin (1995—1999)
Andrey Chernenko (1999—2002)
Gennady Korienko (2002—2012)
Valery Tikhonov (Since June 26, 2012)

See also
Awards of the State Courier Service of Russia
Special Communications Service of Russia under the FSO

External links
Official Website

References

Government of Russia

State Courier Service (Russia)


Jan Kryštof Liška (; c. 1650 – 23 August 1712) was a Czech Baroque painter. His works mainly included altarpieces and frescoes.

Life

Early life

Born in Wrocław (Breslau), Silesia, into a noble family of Moravian knights. After his father died, his mother Helena remarried and he became stepson to German painter Michael Willmann. Young Liška with his stepfather formed a close relationship and cooperation between the Liška and Wilmann families was maintained for years. Willmann enabled him to complete a study tour of Italy between 1674–1680.

Career
Since 1689 Liška worked mainly, besides his native Silesia, in Bohemia proper – especially in Prague although there he had lifelong disputes with local artist's guild, while he lived in the shadow of his famous stepfather (thus sometimes nicknamed "Willmann, Jr."). When his stepfather died in 1706, his studio in the Cistercian Lubiąż Abbey (Silesia) initial went to his son. But because Willmann's son died only one year later, the studio then went to Liška, who then managed it until 1712. For the rest of his life he obtained contracts from the monastery together with some other Silesian Cistercian monasteries.

He died on 23 August 1712 in Lubiąż (Leubus).

Works

In Prague he worked on the altarpiece painting for the St. Nicholas Church. Among his best known works include the altarpiece Stigmata of St. Francis (1701) located in the Red Star Crusaders' motherhouse church in the Old Town. For this church he also painted the Assumption of Mary and worked on the frescoes, which were later finished by Reiner. Moreover, the Saint Anne altarpiece at the Strahov Monastery was also done by him.

Outside of Prague received orders from various Cistercian monasteries in Bohemia. For example, in the Doksany Convent he painted St. Augustine, at the monastery in Mnichovo Hradiště (Münchengrätz) he painted St. Anthony, St. Francis and the Three Kings. For the Plasy Monastery painted fresco St. Magdalene (1692) while in main church of the Osek Monastery is situated his altarpiece Decapitation of St. Paul (1695).

As for Silesia, in Wroclaw he painted a picture for the Church of the Holy Cross. For the Henryków Monastery he painted a picture of the Mother of God, God the Father and the Holy Spirit. In Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (Kamenz) in the Church of the Assumption he painted the images Death of St. Benedict and St. Scholastica During the Coronation (1708).

Liška's influence is evident particularly in works of his disciple, fresco painter Václav Vavřinec Reiner, it also can be traced at style of Petr Brandl.

References

 NEUMANN, Jaromír. Christopher Fox Jan 1, 2nd Art., 1967, no. 15, p 135-176, 260-311.
 Biographical biography lexicon on the history of the Bohemian lands. Bd 2, , p 469th
 Rudolf Müller: Lischka, Johann Christoph. In: General German Biography (ADB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig on, 1883, p 754 f
 Dehio-Handbook of art monuments in Poland: Silesia. Munich, Berlin 2005, .
 Knaurs Art guide Czech Republic, .
 Michael Willmann and his circle: Johann Christoph Liska, Georg Wilhelm Neunhertz and Johann Jakob Eybelwieser. Zeichnungen. Salzburger Baroque Museum, Salzburg 2001, . (Writings of the Salzburg Baroque museum. No. 26). Exhibition catalog. Literature directory p 45-48.

Czech painters
Czech male painters
Czech baroque painters
1650 births
1712 deaths
Artists from Wrocław
Year of birth uncertain
Painters from Prague
Fresco painters

Jan Kryštof Liška


Petrus Serrarius (Peter Serrarius, Pieter Serrurier, Pierre Serrurier, Pieter Serrarius, Petro Serario, Petrus Serarius; 1600, London – buried October 1, 1669, Amsterdam) was a millenarian theologian, writer, and also a wealthy merchant, who established himself in Amsterdam in 1630, and was active there until his death. He was born "into a well-to-do Walloon merchant family by name of Serrurier in London." He has been called "the dean of the dissident Millenarian theologians in Amsterdam".

He studied at Christ Church, Oxford from 1617 to 1619, and at the Walloon College in Leiden from 1620 to 1623. The French speaking college was then a part of the new Leiden University, where Serrarius met John Dury, and they remained closely associated, right up to Serrarius' own death in 1669.

Circle
In Amsterdam he associated, on the one hand, with the Collegiants Adam Boreel, and Galenus Abrahamsz, and their sect; and, on the other hand, also with the Portuguese Jews settling there at the time, among them Menasseh ben Israel and Benedictus de Spinoza. He was a correspondent of Samuel Hartlib. His involvement with Jews and Judaism led him to the study of Kabbalah and Gematria, and later to a belief in Sabbatai Zevi's messianic claims.

Views and contacts
He published works on the millennium. He was one of the first followers of the Silesian mystic and millenarian Jacob Boehme in Amsterdam.

As well as being a philo-semite, interested greatly in the issue of the Lost Tribes, he was on good terms with the Amsterdam Quakers, and had been in contact with William Ames. He corresponded also with the London Baptist Minister Henry Jessey.

Friendship with Benedictus de Spinoza
Nadler often mentions Serrarius in his biography of Benedictus de Spinoza. Serrarius was very important to Spinoza because Serrarius brought him into contact with the Amsterdam chiliasts and Quakers as well as with Henry Oldenburg. Serrarius may have known Spinoza from the group of Amsterdam Collegiants and may have introduced him to the Quaker William Ames. Oldenburg may have heard from Serrarius about Spinoza and he visited Spinoza in Rijnsburg in mid-July 1662, which led to a strong friendship. Serrarius had attended chemical experiments of Johannes Glauber in Amsterdam with Franciscus van den Enden, the teacher of Spinoza. Maybe Spinoza was there too.

Oldenburg asked Spinoza to send him a copy of his book Renati Descartes principia philosophiae, more geometrico demonstrata via Serrarius. Serrarius acted as postmaster in Amsterdam and courier to England for Spinoza. Later Oldenburg wrote that he had heard from Serrarius that Spinoza was doing well and that he had not forgotten. While Spinoza was in Amsterdam for a few weeks, he spoke to Serrarius. Oldenburg expected a package via Serrarius in Amsterdam, and hoped that Spinoza would send a manuscript with his thoughts on the Bible. Serrarius spread among Protestants in Amsterdam the message that Sabbatai Zevi was the Messiah.

Controversy
Initially an orthodox Calvinist, he had left his church before coming to Amsterdam around 1630. He attacked the views of Moses Amyraut, who had in Du règne de mille ans ou de la Prospérité de l'Église (1654) taken up a position against the millenarians of the time. Serrarius replied with Assertion du règne de mille ans (1657). He in turn was attacked by Samuel Maresius (Samuel Des Marets), a pupil of Franciscus Gomarus. Maresius attempted to undermine the appeal to the work of Joseph Mede made by Serrarius.

Serrarius was also one of the loudest critics of Lodewijk Meyer after the anonymous publication of the latter's Philosophia S. Scripturae Interpres, Exercitatio paradoxa (Philosophy interpreting Sacred Scripture, an exercise in paradox) in 1666, which caused a big controversy in Dutch and wider European Reformed circles at the time.

Publications
Including
 1653: (in Dutch) Goddelycke aandachten ofte vlammende begeerten, Amsterdam Salomon Savrij, 1653. Reprinted in 1657 by Christoffel Luyken
 1657, as Pierre Serrurier: (in French) Assertion Du Règne De Mille Ans, ou de la Prosperité De L'Eglise De Christ en la Terre : Pour servir de Response au Traitté de Monsieur Moyse Amyraut sur ce même suject. Descouverant Le triste Prejugé qui possede aujourd'huy la pluspart des Eglises contre le Regne du Seigneur de toute la Terre, Amsterdam Luycken, 1657.
 1661: (in Dutch) Van den waere wegh tot God, Alkmaar: Jacob Pietersz. Moerbeeck, 1661
 1658 with John Dury and Henry Jessey: (in English) An information concerning the present state of the Jewish nation in Europe and Judea : wherein the footsteps of Providence preparing a way for their conversion to Christ, and for their deliverance from captivity are discovered, London, printed by R.W. for Thomas Brewster, 1658.
 1662:
 (in English) An awakening warning to the vvofull vvorld : by a voyce in three nations, uttered in a brief dissertation concerning that fatal and to be admired conjunction of all the planets..., Amsterdam, 1662. English version of Van den waere wegh tot God, Amsterdam, unknown publisher
 (in Dutch) Naerder bericht, wegens die groote conjunctie ofte t'samenkomste van allen planeten, in het teecken des hemels, ghenaemt de Schutter, te geschieden den 1/11 December anno 1662. Waer-inne uyt de natuer der sake ... bewesen wort, dat de tweede komste J. Christi ... voor handen zy., Amsterdam, Broer and Ian Appelaer, 1662
 1663: (in Latin) Vox Clamantis in Babylone praeparate viam Domino, i.e. Brevis dissertatio de fatali et admiranda illa planetarum in uno eodemque signo, igneae triplicitatis ultimo, conjunctione. Que ... clare evincitur, illustrem illum Jesu Christi adventum imminere, Amsterdam, Cunrad, 1663
 1665:
 (in English) The last letters, to the London-merchants and faithful ministers concerning the further proceedings of the conversion and restauration of the Jews : with most strange and wonderful miracles performed by the holy captain general of the wandring Israelites..., 	[London] G. Cotton, 1665.
 with Samuel Des Marets (Samuel Maresius): (in Latin) De Judæorum I. Universali Conversione, II. In Patriam Reductione, & III. Cultus Levitivi Restitutione; Ut Et IV. De Antichristi ante finalem Mundi interitum Abolitione, Disputatio Adversus Libellum ... , Amsterdam Cunrad 1665

References
van den Berg, Johan, "Quaker and Chiliast: The Contrary Thoughts of William Ames and Petrus Serrarius," in R. Buick Knox (ed.), Reformation, Conformity and Dissent: Essays in Honour of Geoffrey Nuttall, London, Epworth Press, 1977, pp. 180-198.
van der Wall, Ernestine G. E., De mystieke chiliast Petrus Serrarius (1600-1669) en zijn wereld, (Leiden 1987).
van der Wall, Ernestine G. E., "The Amsterdam Millenarian Petrus Serrarius (1600-1669) and the Anglo-Dutch Circle of Philo-Judaists", in J.van den Berg and E.G.E. van den der Wall, eds., Jewish-Christian Relations in the Seventeenth Century (Leiden: Kluwer, 1988) pp. 73–94. openaccess.leidenuniv.nl with Online PDF
 van der Wall, Ernestine G. E., "Petrus Serrarius and Menasseh ben Israel: Christian Millenarianism and Jewish Messianism in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam," in Yosef Kaplan, et al., eds., Menasseh Ben Israel and His World, Leiden, Brill, 1989, pp. 164-190.

Notes

External links
 (in French) Ernestine G. E. van der Wall: 10 Petrus Serrarius (1600-1669) et le millénarisme mystique, openaccess.leidenuniv.nl PDF, 14 pp. trad. Carine van Heesewijk. Chapter 10 from Jean-Robert Armogathe (éd.), Le Grand Siècle et la Bible (Bible de Tous les Temps 6), 155 - 168 (1989).
 Ernestine G. E. van der Wall: A Precursor of Christ or a Jewish Impostor? Petrus Serrarius and Jean de Labadie on the Jewish Messianic Movement around Sabbatai Sevi, pp. 109-124 from book ?, openaccess.leidenuniv.nl PDF, 16 pp. Consulted on 21 September 2020.
 Search for graves (www.gravenopinternet.nl) of the Serrurier family in the Walloon Church Amsterdam, lot 216, oldest burial now of 1775.

1600 births
1669 deaths
Arminian theologians
Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians
17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Leiden University alumni
Writers from Amsterdam

Petrus Serrarius


Daszewo  is a village in Poland. It is located in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland.

Daszewo is the subject of the documentary film "Deutsch-Polnische Annäherungen in Daszewo" ("German-Polish Reconciliation in Daszewo"). The film compares life memories of German and Polish residents from Daszewo with the hope for better German-Polish cooperation. There is a German and a Polish version of the film.

Geography
Daszewo is approximately 200 miles (320 km) from  Dassow, Germany.

Neighboring municipalities
In a clockwise direction, beginning in the north, the following cities and municipalities border on Daszewo: Skoczow, Mierzyn, Mierzynek, Ubyslawice, Swiemino, Karlinko, Krzywoploty, Redlino, Karlino, Lulewice, Lubiechowo, and Syrkowice.

References

Daszewo

Daszewo


Mark Allen Emmert (born December 16, 1952) is the former president of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. He was the fifth CEO of the NCAA; he was named as the incoming president on April 27, 2010, and assumed his duties on November 1, 2010, and remained in office until March 1, 2023.

Emmert was previously the 30th president of the University of Washington, his alma mater, taking office in June 2004, becoming the first alumnus in 48 years to lead UW. He left Washington on October 1, 2010, having announced his departure for the NCAA Presidency on April 27, 2010.  The University of Washington Board of Regents elected him President Emeritus in honor of his service to the UW.

Before Emmert became president of the University of Washington, he was chancellor at Louisiana State University and held faculty and administration positions at the University of Connecticut, Montana State University, and University of Colorado.

Early life and education
Emmert was born on December 16, 1952, in Fife, Washington and attended Fife High School, graduating in 1971. He studied at Green River Community College in Auburn, Washington before transferring in spring 1973 to the University of Washington, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1975. He went on to earn a Master of Public Administration in 1976 and a PhD in 1983 from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University.

Career

Northern Illinois University
Non-tenured positions (Research Associate, Asst. Professor) in government and political studies 1983-85.

University of Colorado Boulder
Emmert had various academic administrative positions at the University of Colorado Boulder (1985-92).  He has listed these on his C.V.: appointments in the Graduate School of Public Affairs as Associate/Assistant Professor, and  Associate Dean responsible for daily administration of academic and student matters; Assistant to the UC System president, and an Associate Vice-Chancellor. Emmert was a Fellow of the American Council on Education.

Montana State University
Emmert served as provost and vice president for academic affairs at Montana State University from 1991 to 1995.  In this role, he, along with the vice president for research, Robert Swenson, led a successful effort to increase research funding at the university, including from the National Science Foundation.  He also worked with U.S. Congressional leaders to gain support for new agricultural research facilities on campus and distance learning programs.

The NCAA ruled that Montana State was guilty of a "lack of institutional control" in 1993, stemming from behavior that occurred before Emmert arrived at the university. The ruling was reached at the time Emmert belonged to the university's senior management team, along with Jim Isch, a former NCAA official. The case related to academic fraud involving an assistant men's basketball coach and a recruit. The NCAA didn't rule on the case until after Emmert left for UConn in 1995. Emmert had no involvement with the athletic programs in his role as provost and was unaware of the investigation, nor was he ever named or implicated in any wrongdoing.

University of Connecticut
Emmert joined the University of Connecticut in 1995 as Provost and was later promoted to the position of chancellor for academic affairs, where he oversaw academic matters at the main campus in Storrs, as well as the regional campuses within the university system.  He led a strategic planning effort that produced a facilities master plan for the Storrs campus, transforming the facilities on the campus with new buildings for students, faculty and research.  Enrollment and research funding both increased during this time. During his tenure the university launched its first major fundraising campaign.

Emmert oversaw the first two years of a ten-year-long, $1 billion construction project, UConn 2000, that added many new academic buildings, residence halls and landscape projects to the Storrs campus, and new buildings and facilities to the regional campuses.  UConn 2000 is widely credited with transforming the university.  Some of the projects became controversial because of charges of mismanagement in the facilities and contracting services. These issues, which included more than $100 million lost due to mismanagement and more than a hundred fire and safety code violations, did not come to light during Emmert's tenure. The vast majority of the projects were begun after Emmert's tenure.  Something handwritten on Emmert's stationery in 1998 suggested he was aware of construction management challenges. Some of the construction projects later became the focus of a state investigation in 2005. Governor Rell called it "astonishing failure of oversight and management." Two administrators who oversaw the projects during this time were placed on leave and subsequently resigned six years after Emmert had left the university.

Louisiana State University
Emmert was named Chancellor of Louisiana State University in 1999. He led the creation of the "Flagship Agenda," an effort credited with moving the university significantly forward in its standing as an academic institution, an effort that is still credited with advancing the university in very significant ways.  During his tenure the academic preparation of entering freshmen increased substantially.  Enrollment from across the country increased as well. LSU's research profile improved as a result of new research initiatives, particularly in computer science, marine and coastal science, and basic sciences.  A number of academic construction projects commenced, including buildings and renovations for music and dramatic arts, marine biology and coastal studies, biology, residence halls, and the student union. Fund raising projects were begun that have resulted in dramatic improvements in the Ogden Honors College, the E.J. Ourso College of Business and the College of Engineering. Improvements were made to athletic facilities, most notably the creation of the Cox Communications Academic Center, renovation and expansion of Tiger Stadium, and a new state-of-the-art enclosure for the campus mascot, Mike the Tiger, that has become a major attraction for visitors to campus. Emmert's wife, DeLaine Emmert, was very engaged in these fund raising efforts. State support for the university reached a then-historic high during Emmert's tenure.

On November 30, 1999, Emmert hired Nick Saban as football coach. LSU won the BCS Championship in 2003 under Saban's tutelage and was 48-16 over five seasons (2000–04). Prior to Saban's arrival, LSU suffered eight losing seasons from 1989-99.

The graduation rate of the LSU football team, among the lowest in the SEC when Emmert arrived, was among the highest by 2004.

In 2001–02, a university instructor made accusations of academic fraud in the school's football program, including plagiarized papers and un-enrolled students showing up in class to take notes for football players. At the time, LSU was already on NCAA probation due to violations in the men's basketball program for violations that predated Emmert's employment. A university-led investigation into the academic fraud allegations found only minor violations. The report stated, "Despite isolated incidents, the allegations were largely unfounded." The NCAA accepted LSU's finding and self-imposed minor penalties (loss of two football scholarships) and declined to put the school on probation. Subsequently, two women sued the university for forcing them from their jobs as a result of whistleblowing about the academic fraud. The lawsuits were settled for $110,000 for each person.  During the case, an employee of the academic counseling center confirmed the women's claims under oath, including changed grades for football players. A portion of Emmert's salary was paid by the LSU Foundation, The Alumni Foundation and the Tiger Athletic Foundation.

In September 2016 Emmert was honored by LSU as the first Haymon Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Ogden Honors College. In 2020, he was named a faculty/staff initiate of the Omicron Delta Kappa Circle at LSU.

University of Washington
Emmert was president of the University of Washington, his alma mater, from 2004 to 2010.  During his tenure the university achieved its highest levels of research funding, private giving, and state support.  Undergraduate student qualifications and graduation rates also hit record highs. UW attracted more students globally and nationally. Emmert led the creation of the Husky Promise, a guarantee that tuition and fees would be covered for lower-income students from Washington state who were accepted to UW, a program that has now supported tens of thousands of students at the UW. The UW also increased access for Washington students by expanding UW Bothell and UW Tacoma  academic offerings and facilities during Emmert's tenure. The UW Seattle campus was expanded with the purchase of the Safeco tower and property in the University District, adding about  of building space. With Emmert as President, new facilities were created for the Foster School of Business, molecular engineering, bioengineering, and residential halls.  Improvements were made to athletic facilities, culminating in the full renovation of Husky Stadium.

Emmert initiated an annual summit with the Native American tribal council leaders from throughout the State of Washington and the region to address educational and health concerns. He led the process that culminated in the construction of a Native American House of Knowledge on campus. UW has been attentive to environmental and sustainability issues, and received numerous recognitions for its success during Emmert's tenure. Emmert was amongst the first 20 to sign the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment and is an active member of its steering committee.

During Emmert's tenure, UW received more than $1 billion in grant and contract research funding for the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2007. This marked the first time UW received more than $1 billion in funding for sponsored research in a single year. In his last year at UW, research funding exceeding $1.5 billion.  UW has been the top public university in federal research funding since 1974, and among the top five universities, public and private, in federal funding since 1969. In recent years, it has been second only to Johns Hopkins University. In 2006, under Emmert's presidency, the university created the Department of Global Health and, in the spring of 2007, launched the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. In August 2007, Emmert announced that UW would open an office in Beijing to lay the groundwork for expanding the university's presence in China. Emmert made the announcement during a campus visit by Zhou Wenzhong, ambassador of the People's Republic of China to the United States.

Emmert emphasized efforts to improve UW's environmental sustainability efforts throughout his tenure, leading to the university being recognized nationally as one of the most Eco-friendly campuses

In January 2007, the fundraising goal for Campaign UW: Creating Futures was increased to $2.5 billion after the campaign reached its initial $2 billion goal 17 months ahead of schedule. When the campaign ended on June 30, 2008, the total raised was more than $2.6 billion. UW received a number of transformational gifts during Emmert's presidency, including a gift in fall of 2007 from the Foster Family Foundation, leading to the business school at the Seattle campus being named the Michael G. Foster School of Business. Emmert was president at the University of Washington when the university announced it was discontinuing its varsity men's and women's swim programs.

While at the University of Washington, Emmert was courted by the University of Wisconsin, the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Cornell University, the University of California System, and the Louisiana State University System. In February 2008, he turned down an offer from Vanderbilt University that might have made him the highest-paid college leader in the nation.  Nevertheless, he was the second most highly compensated public university president in the nation, at $888,000 for 2007-2008. In addition, he received $200,000 compensation for serving on the board of Expeditors International and $140,000 for serving on the board of Weyerhaeuser, giving him a total annual compensation of over $1.2 million. In 2009, a year in which he turned down a pay increase offered by the Regents, Emmert's base salary at the University of Washington was $620,000 per year, but his total compensation package, including deferred compensation, was $906,500 annually, which made him the second highest-earning public university president in the United States, behind Ohio State's Gordon Gee.

National Collegiate Athletic Association

On April 27, 2010, Emmert was named president of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, headquartered in Indianapolis. He assumed his duties on November 1, 2010, and will remain president until his retirement in February 2023.

As NCAA president, Emmert created the position of chief medical officer (CMO) of the NCAA and the Sports Science Institute. Hainline has worked with member schools to establish new protocols and research efforts to improve student health and wellness. In 2014, the NCAA entered a partnership with the Department of Defense for the largest longitudinal study of concussion and head trauma in history, funded initially by a $15 million contribution from the NCAA and $15 million from the Department of Defense. Funding has now surpassed $64 million and reached 50,000 students making it by far the most important research on head trauma in the world.  Emmert's advocacy for the health and wellbeing of athletes has also led to extensive efforts regarding mental health and the reduction of sexual assault.

In 2014, the NCAA Division I member universities, with Emmert's support, voted to change the system used to set their rules and policies so as to include greater input from athletic directors, faculty members, and senior women's athletics, and student athletes themselves, in addition to the university and college presidents who are ultimately responsible for all policy and governance decisions. In 2012 the colleges and universities approved substantial changes to the compliance and oversight policies of the Association. Among other improvements, under Emmert's tenure, the Committee on Infractions, the body that determines penalties and sanctions for rules violations, was expanded to include former university presidents and legal scholars, among others, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their work.

In January 2018, a misleading media story implied that Emmert had been personally informed in November 2010 – six months after he was hired as the NCAA's president – of 37 reports involving Michigan State University athletes sexually assaulting women. Subsequent reporting in multiple outlets pointed out that the suggestion that Emmert had been "personally informed" was actually a misleading reference to widely publicized accounts coming from Michigan State during 2010. Throughout his tenure, Emmert has led multiple efforts within the NCAA to confront sexual violence within higher education.

On April 26, 2022, Emmert announced he would step down no later than June 2023. That December, Former Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker was announced as Emmert's successor effective March 1, 2023.

Penn State case

During Emmert's tenure, Pennsylvania State University was rocked by the Jerry Sandusky sex abuse scandal. Sandusky, a former assistant football coach at Penn State, was accused and later convicted of sexually abusing several children, including those he had taken to the Penn State athletic facilities.  He was also accused of using his access to the Penn State football program as a way of luring victims. The University Board removed the President, Executive Vice President, Athletic Director, and head football coach because of their handling of the Sandusky matter. The media outcry over the scandal was enormous. In response to the uniqueness of the Penn State case and the nature of the allegations, the NCAA Executive Committee and Emmert agreed with the University that Penn State should be allowed to conduct its own inquiry into the scandal.

In July 2012, former FBI Director Louis Freeh reported to the Penn State board that many serious missteps within the university administration and football program had occurred.  Based upon the Freeh report, as well as material made public through the criminal processes, the NCAA Executive Committee, a group of 20 university and college presidents and senior leaders, along with the Division I Board of Directors, also a group of university presidents, agreed to a series of sanctions. They empowered Emmert to enter into an agreement with the Penn State leadership to jointly accept a consent decree.

Ed Ray, Executive Committee chair at that time and Oregon State president, said that while there has been much speculation on whether the NCAA had the authority to impose any type of penalty related to Penn State, the Executive Committee concluded that the egregious behavior not only goes against the NCAA's rules and constitution, but also against its values.

While many in the media called for Penn State football to receive the so-called "death penalty", the Executive Committee and Emmert instead entered into the consent decree with Penn State leadership that included imposing a $60 million fine to be used to fund nonprofit organizations that combat child sexual abuse, a multi-year reduction in football scholarships, a multi-year postseason ban on football, a vacation of wins from the formal record book for the period during which Sandusky was believed to have been engaging in sexual abuse of children, and the imposition of an Athletic Integrity Agreement, which was monitored by former Senator George J. Mitchell. The Big Ten conference, which includes Penn State as a member, also imposed sanctions on the university as a result of the scandal. The outcome was highly controversial among those who sought harsher punishment and those who sought greater leniency.  Supporters of greater leniency argued that the basis of the consent decree, the Freeh Report, was overreaching and not supported empirically. Freeh has vigorously defended the report and its conclusions. He is being sued for defamation by Graham Spanier, the former president of Penn State. Spanier, along with two other former Penn State executives, were found guilty of criminal charges. Critics accused Emmert and the NCAA Executive Committee of a "rush to judgment" that did not provide sufficient due process even though the university itself agreed to the settlement agreement.

Emmert, however, was criticized over the Penn State case after internal emails surfaced revealing NCAA officials bluffed the university into accepting sanctions.

Several legal actions have occurred since the Penn State scandal was uncovered, some involving Penn State, Emmert, and the NCAA and its members; others have been focused on the university itself as it made restitution with the victims of the scandal. A legal suit was brought against Penn State and the NCAA by Pennsylvania Senator Jake Corman regarding where the funds from the fine should be spent. The case was ultimately settled by an agreement that the funds could be spent on child sexual abuse prevention within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and that the wins that had been vacated from the record book be restored.  Major news media outlets both praised and criticized Emmert and the NCAA.  Many writers that called for aggressive sanctions against the university, including the so-called death penalty, were disappointed that the NCAA had reduced its sanctions, while other were critical of their "rush to judgment" and started asking whether the culture at the NCAA was broken under Emmert's leadership. His presidency has been called "feckless, arrogant, self-aggrandizing, inept" and operating under "tortured logic."

Final resolution of Penn State-Sandusky scandal
On May 5, 2016, a Pennsylvania judge, Gary Glazer, barred Penn State from receiving insurance coverage to pay settlements to Sandusky's accusers. The judge pointed to the university's "negligent employment, investigation, and retention of Sandusky", adding that, "When he abused children...he was still a PSU assistant coach and professor, and clothed in the glory associated with those titles, particularly in the eyes of impressionable children. By cloaking him with a title that enabled him to perpetrate his crimes, PSU must assume some responsibility for what he did both on and off campus." PSU at that point had paid out $93 million to more than 30 Sandusky accusers.

On October 27, 2016, Mike McQueary, the former assistant coach who reported to Joe Paterno that he had observed Sandusky sexually assaulting a child in the team's showers, was awarded $7.3 million by a Pennsylvania jury, to be paid by Penn State for defamation. Shortly thereafter on November 20, 2016, the judge in the case, Thomas Gavin, ruled in favor of McQueary's whistleblower claim and added another $5 million to the jury verdict. In a rebuke to PSU, Gavin wrote, "Only when the 'Sandusky Matter' became public was Mr. McQueary subjected to disparate treatment and adverse employment consequences."  The university, he stated, had imposed "the equivalent of banishment" on McQueary, including "being told to clean out his office in the presence of Penn State personnel, an action that suggests he had done something wrong and was not to be trusted."

On June 2, 2017, in the remaining criminal cases all three of the university's administrators – Spanier, Schultz, and Curly – originally implicated by the Freeh Report and the grand jury were found guilty of child endangerment by the State of Pennsylvania and sentenced to jail time.  The judge in the case, John Boccabella, when announcing the sentences said, "Why Mr. Sandusky was allowed to continue to go to the Penn State facilities is beyond me. All three ignored the opportunity to put an end to [Sandusky's] crimes when they had a chance to do so." Boccabella also criticized deceased head coach Joe Paterno, saying he "could have made that phone call without so much as getting his hands dirty.  Why he didn't is beyond me."

Other honors and professional affiliations
Emmert is currently a Life Member of the Council of Foreign Relations and a fellow of the National Academy for Public Administration. He is a former Fulbright Administrative Fellow, and a former Fellow of the American Council on Education. He serves as a Director on the boards of Weyerhaeuser and Expeditors International. In June 2016, he sold approximately $300,000 in Weyerhaeuser shares. Emmert has been honored with several honorary degrees from American universities and colleges.

Emmert was named President Emeritus by the University of Washington Board of Regents in 2010. He holds honorary degrees from several colleges and universities.

On March 18, 2014, Emmert was a guest on ESPN Radio's Mike & Mike. During his appearance, an #AskEmmert hashtag was used to propose questions for Emmert. While well-intended, the hashtag was quickly used by the public to air grievances about NCAA actions and express general disapproval with Emmert's presidency.

Personal life
Mark and DeLaine Emmert have been married for more than 40 years and have two adult children.

References

External links

NCAA biography

1952 births
Living people
2011 University of Miami athletics scandal
American chief executives
Green River College alumni
Leaders of Louisiana State University
Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs alumni
National Collegiate Athletic Association people
Presidents of the University of Washington
University of Colorado faculty
University of Connecticut faculty
University of Washington alumni

Mark Emmert


BotHunter is a free utility for Unix, which aims at detecting botnet activity within a network. It does so by analyzing network traffic and comparing it to patterns characteristic of malicious processes. Version 1.7.2 was current .  An earlier version ran under Microsoft Windows XP, but was not mentioned on the Web site after the release of 1.7.2. In order to support this application, the developer, SRI International, had collected more than 10,000 samples of malware by 2008.

The BotHunter Web site states that the software was made possible in part by a research grant from the U.S. Army Research Office.

References

External links
BotHunter website

Computer security software
SRI International software

BotHunter


Edouard Joseph Marie Van Beneden (Leuven, 5 March 1846 – Liège, 28 April 1910), cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytology and genetics by his work on the roundworm Ascaris. In this work he discovered how chromosomes combined during meiosis, during the production of gametes.

Beneden discovered, with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger, the essential facts of mitosis. In contrast to meiosis, the double (diploid) set of chromosomes in daughter cells is identical to those in the parent cells. Excepting rare accidents, there is no change in the genetic apparatus. In meiosis, only one set of chromosomes ends up in each gamete, a condition called haploid.

Father
Van Beneden's father was also a well-known biologist. Pierre-Joseph van Beneden (18091894) introduced two important terms into evolutionary biology and ecology: mutualism and commensalism.

References

1846 births
1910 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian biologists
Cell biologists
People from Leuven
Marine biologists

Edouard van Beneden


Roger Olin Grimsby (September 23, 1928 – June 23, 1995) was an American journalist, television news anchor and actor. Grimsby, who for eighteen years was seen on ABC's flagship station WABC in New York City, is known as one of the pioneers of local television broadcast news.

Early life
Roger Grimsby was an orphan who was born in Butte, Montana and raised in Duluth, Minnesota by a Lutheran minister. After graduating from Denfeld High School in 1946, he attended St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota before studying history at Columbia University in New York. Grimsby was a U.S. Army veteran who was stationed in Germany before serving in the Korean War. It was during his stint in the Army that the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) sparked his interest in news broadcasting.

Career
Grimsby returned to his native Duluth, Minnesota, where he began his anchoring career in 1954 as an announcer for WEBC radio. He switched to the growing medium of television, working as a correspondent and news director at various television stations around Minnesota and Wisconsin, including WEAU-TV Eau Claire, WISC-TV Madison and WXIX-TV (now WVTV) Milwaukee. He spent two years (1959–1961) at KMOX (now KMOV) in St. Louis before becoming the anchor and news director at ABC-owned KGO-TV in San Francisco in 1961.

In 1968, Grimsby was brought to WABC-TV in New York City, where he started as anchor of WABC's 11:00 p.m. news broadcast Roger Grimsby and the Noisemakers on June 3, 1968. Two days later, he was thrust into the national spotlight as anchor of ABC's coverage of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.

In April 1969, WABC dropped John Schubeck from the anchor slot on their 6:00 p.m. broadcast, replacing him with Grimsby, who also continued in the 11:00 p.m. slot.

Grimsby's initial co-anchor on the 6:00 p.m. newscast was former WCBS-TV newsman Tom Dunn, but the man who was most closely identified with him was Bill Beutel, who replaced Dunn in September 1970 and co-anchored the news with Grimsby until 1986. He started each broadcast announcing, "Good evening, I'm Roger Grimsby, here now the news," and then closed with, "Hoping your news is good news, I'm Roger Grimsby". For most of his years at WABC, Grimsby also wrote and delivered a daily weekday afternoon radio newscast on the ABC Entertainment Network, which he considered his "read-in" to the news of the day.

A six-time Emmy winner, Grimsby was fired from WABC in April 1986. In an incident recounted by several of his colleagues, including Tom Snyder, who reported the incident on The Late Late Show soon after Grimsby's death, ABC further punished Grimsby by buying a building on Columbus Avenue across from WABC's Lincoln Square studios, where three bars Grimsby often frequented stood, and evicting the bar owners from the building.

Grimsby was hired by WNBC-TV in May 1987. Beginning in June, his role was almost exclusively as a commentator, as Grimsby would be featured as part of the station's daily Live at Five newscast in a brief segment where he offered his take on a news story of the day with his usual deadpan style. He also worked as an assignment reporter. When WNBC's corporate sibling, WNBC (AM), signed off the air in 1988, Grimsby was dispatched to the radio station's studio to cover the closure live. A late transmitter switch to WFAN (AM) meant that Grimsby's voice was the very last to be heard on WNBC-AM as he declared live to TV viewers, "You heard the countdown. It's over." Grimsby left WNBC in May 1989 when his contract was not renewed.

In 1990, he relocated to California, where he and George Reading of KMST (now KION-TV) in Monterey became the first anchor team on San Diego television station KUSI's newly-launched 10:00 p.m. newscast. After only a few months, Grimsby, citing disenchantment over the direction of KUSI's newscasts, resigned from KUSI in February 1991.

Death
After his retirement, Grimsby returned to New York City and lived on Manhattan's Upper West Side with his wife, Maria, whom he had married in 1989.

On June 23, 1995, Grimsby died at Lenox Hill Hospital from complications due to advanced lung cancer.

Filmography
Bananas (1971) - Himself
The Exterminator (1980) - Himself
Ghostbusters (1984) - Himself
Turk 182 (1985) - Himself
Power (1986) - Commentator
The Equalizer (1988) - Newscaster, episode "The Mystery of Manon, Part 1"Nothing but Trouble'' (1991) - TV Anchor (final film role)

References

External links

UHF Nocturne - print ads for KGO featuring Roger Grimsby
Broadcast legends - Roger Grimsby Biography

1928 births
1995 deaths
Male actors from Duluth, Minnesota
American broadcast news analysts
American television journalists
Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state)
Television anchors from New York City
Television anchors from San Diego
Television anchors from San Francisco
St. Olaf College alumni
20th-century American male actors
American male journalists

Roger Grimsby


The Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch), commonly known as Territory Labor, is the Northern Territory branch of the Australian Labor Party, a centre-left social democratic political party in Australia. It is currently in Government. The party's leader is Natasha Fyles (who is the current Chief Minister) and the party's deputy leader is Nicole Manison.

Australian Labor Party
Political parties in the Northern Territory

Territory Labor Party


is a 2004 film set in 1860s Japan, directed by Yoji Yamada. The plot revolves around several samurai during a time of change in the ruling and class structures of Japan. The film was written by Yamada with Yoshitaka Asama and, like its predecessor The Twilight Samurai (2002), based on a short story by Shūhei Fujisawa. The soundtrack is an original composition by Isao Tomita.

Plot
The story takes place in Japan in the 1860s, a time of cultural assimilation. Two samurai, Munezo Katagiri (Masatoshi Nagase) and Samon Shimada (Hidetaka Yoshioka), bid farewell to their friend Yaichiro Hazama (Yukiyoshi Ozawa), who is to serve in Edo (present-day Tokyo) under the shogunate of that region. Though the position is desirable, Katagiri voices his concern that a man of Yaichiro's character is likely to get into trouble. His doubts are confirmed when the married Yaichiro expresses an intention to indulge in Edo's sensual pleasures while stationed there.

During dinner that evening, Katagiri's mother reminds Samon of the financial hardships the family has endured since the death of her husband (who committed ritual suicide after financial improprieties were discovered on a construction project). She desires a match between Samon and Shino (Tomoko Tabata), Katagiri's sister.  Also present is Kie (Takako Matsu), the Katagiri's housekeeper, who is literate and schooled in etiquette. In a voiceover, Katagiri hints at his affection for Kie, but then relates that around the same time Shino married Samon, Kie married a man of the merchant class and left the Katagiri household.

Three years pass, during which Katagiri's mother passes away. While walking through town, he sees Kie in a kimono shop where she assures him that she is well. Months later, however, Shino tells Katagiri that from the start of her marriage, Kie has been forced to perform all manner of duties to the point that she is little more than a slave to her new family, and that she is gravely ill. Concerned, Katagiri visits Mrs. Iseya (Sachiko Mitsumoto), Kie's mother-in-law, and finds Kie incoherent with illness. Outraged, he demands that Kie's husband file divorce papers, and then carries her to his own house to recover.

The changing times have forced Katagiri and his fellow samurai to learn the techniques of Western weaponry, which the elder members of the clan  disdain. Word arrives from Edo that government officials thwarted an uprising against the shogun and that Yaichiro, Katagiri's friend, was involved.  After being brought back to the village in a prisoner's cage, Yaichiro is denied the honor of ritual suicide and must live out the remainder of his days in a cell. Believing that Yaichiro's friends are complicit, Hori (Ken Ogata), the clan's chief retainer, demands that Katagiri identify them, but he refuses, citing his honor as a samurai, and he is dismissed.

Meanwhile, Kie has since recovered and is once again Katagiri's housekeeper. Though their fondness for one other is evident, Kie and Katagiri are keenly aware of the difference in their social class and act accordingly. Nonetheless, gossip prompts Katagiri to send Kie back to the countryside to live with her father. Shortly after, Yaichiro breaks out of prison and takes a family hostage. Hori demands that Katagiri dispatch him.

Knowing that Yaichiro is the better swordsman, Katagiri visits their former teacher (Min Tanaka), who is now a farmer, and learns a dangerous maneuver that involves turning one's back on the enemy.  The next day, Katagiri arrives on the outskirts of the village and attempts to persuade Yaichiro to surrender.  When the latter refuses (accusing Hori and the other leaders of incompetence), the two engage in one-to-one combat during which Katagiri uses the new technique to deliver a severe wound. Yaichiro attempts the same maneuver, but is gunned down by foot soldiers hiding in the woods.  Knowing that this manner of death is a dishonor to a samurai, Katagiri is dismayed. Upon returning to the village, he encounters Yaichiro's wife (Reiko Takashima), who reveals that she paid a visit to Hori the night before and exchanged sexual favors for his promise to keep Yaichiro alive (a promise that he never planned to keep). Bound by an oath to commit suicide should Yaichiro die, she takes her own life.

Unsure of his fealty, Katagiri approaches Hori with his treachery, to which he crudely admits. Realizing that the Hazamas were victims of a corrupt system, Katagiri avenges them by stabbing Hori in the heart with a thin blade (the technique known as "the hidden blade", which leaves almost no trace of blood—in the original Japanese version the technique is actually called "the demon's claw/scratch" as the entry wound it leaves is so small that it appears to be caused by a nonhuman perpetrator). Katagiri buries the blade at the Hazama's grave as a form of atonement and relinquishes his samurai status.  Resolved to become a tradesman, he leaves the village for the island of Ezo (modern-day Hokkaido), but not before visiting Kie. With difference of social status no longer an obstacle, Katagiri proposes marriage and Kie accepts. The film ends as they hold hands sitting on a hilltop, envisioning their future together.

Cast
Masatoshi Nagase - Munezo Katagiri
Takako Matsu - Kie
Hidetaka Yoshioka - Samon Shimada
Yukiyoshi Ozawa - Yaichiro Hazama
Tomoko Tabata - Shino Katagiri
Reiko Takashima - Hazama's wife
Kunie Tanaka - Katagiri Kanbee
Chieko Baisho - Mrs. Katagiri
Min Tanaka - Kansai Toda
Nenji Kobayashi - Ogata
Ken Ogata - Chief Retainer Hori
Hiroshi Kanbe - Naota
Sachiko Mitsumoto - Mrs. Iseya
Nana Saito - Bun

Reception
The Hidden Blade has an 84% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the critical consensus on it stated as, "A slow and steady samurai flick a la John Ford that brings emotions and psychology to an epic-scale adventure." The film also holds a 76/100 on Metacritic based on 11 reviews.

The Hidden Blade was the choice of Edward Douglas in IndieWire's 2018 list of the best Japanese films of the 21st century. He called it "one of the best non-Kurosawa samurai films."

Awards
In addition to 16 nominations, the film received the following awards:
 The Japanese Academy Award for "Best Art Direction" to Mitsuo Degawa and Yoshinobu Nishioka
 Hochi Film Award for "Best Actress" to Takako Matsu
 Mainichi Film Concours for "Best Supporting Actress" to Tomoko Tabata

References

External links

2004 films
2000s Japanese films
2000s Japanese-language films
Films directed by Yoji Yamada
Films scored by Isao Tomita
Films with screenplays by Yôji Yamada
Jidaigeki films
Samurai films
Shochiku films

The Hidden Blade