Garrison Cemetery (Danish: Garnisons Kirkegård) is a cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was inaugurated in 1671 on a site just outside the Eastern City Gate, as a military cemetery complementing the naval Holmens Cemetery which had been inaugurated a few years earlier on a neighbouring site. Later the cemetery was opened to civilian burials as well.

Garrison Cemetery is an independent cemetery, managed by the parochial church council, placed under the army's highest authority.

History
Originally named Soldaterkirkegården (Soldiers' Cemetery), Garrison Cemetery was founded by a decree from King Frederick III and laid out in 1664 on a site outside the Bastioned Fortifications, next to the main road leading in and out of the Eastern City Gate and opposite the naval Holmens Cemetery which was laid out around the same time. Burials began the same year but the site, former marshland, was rather unsuitable for the purpose since ground water levels made it hard to bury the bodies in sufficiently deep grounds. In 1671, some improvements were made when the site was enclosed by pallisades and ditches and the cemetery was officially inaugurated on 13 July 1671.

During the first decades, the cemetery remained relatively little used. In 1706, the Garrison Church was built on Sankt Annæ Plads. and in 1723 the Soldiers' Cemetery received its current name.

In 1711, Copenhagen was struck by an outbreak of plague which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens. In a move to control disease, the authorities provided that all victims of the plague, within 24 hours and without a ceremony, had to be buried at Garrison Cemetery or a Municipal Plague Cemetery which was set up next to it. In 1720, Garrison Cemetery was officially opened to civilian burials.

The cemetery was neglected and gradually fell into disrepair. In 1812 it was renovated and from then on began to attract more prominent citizens.

Garrison Cemetery today
One of the many characteristics of the cemetery, are the many old graves, still owned by families, and war-monuments of fallen in the wars 1848–1850 and 1864.

Interments

Niels Andersen (1835–1911)
Christian Henrik Arendrup
Erni Arneson
Ferdinand Bauditz
Gustav Bauditz
Peter Bauditz
Sten Baadsgaard
Hans Bendix
Carl Bernhard
Johannes Bjerg
Fredbjørn Bjørnsson
Nicolai Gottlieb Blædel
Caspar Leuning Borch
Valborg Borchsenius
Poul Borum
Caspar Johannes Boye
Else Brems
Mogens Brems
Erik Bøgh
Georg Carstensen
Georg Christensen
Inger Christensen
Walter Christmas
Flemming Dahl
Benthe Frederikke Rafsted Dannemand
John Davidsen
Anton Dorph
Frederik Dreyer
Ernst Eberlein
William Falck
J. S. Fibiger
Johannes Fibiger
J. F. Fischer
Preben Fjederholt
John Frandsen
Juan (Hans) Fugl
Paul René Gauguin
Johannes Grenness
Signi Grenness
Barbara Gress
Hans Hansen
N. C. Hansen
Varvara Hasselbalch
Jens Hecht-Johansen
Cai Hegermann-Lindencrone
Eva Heramb
Aage Hertel
Gustav Frederik Holm
F. C. Holstein
Kirsten Hüttemeier
Jesper Høm
Kirsten Høm
H. E. Hørring
Kræsten Iversen
Johannes W. Jacobsen
Palle Jacobsen
Holger Jensen
Jørn Jeppesen
Tjek Jerne
Anton Eduard Kieldrup
Tove Kjarval
Ove Krak
Thorvald Krak
Lili Lani
Buster Larsen
Gorm Lertoft
Otto Liebe
Axel Liebmann
Nanna Liebmann
Albert Luther
Vilhelm Herman Oluf Madsen
Rasmus Malling-Hansen
Kristian Mantzius
Einer Mellerup
Christian de Meza
Louis Moe
N. C. Monberg
Karin Monk
Gunnar Møller
Johan Waldemar Neergaard
Carl Neumann
Henry Nielsen
Jakob Nielsen
Orson Nielsen
H. G. Olrik
Verner Panton
Hortense Panum
Peter Ludvig Panum
Holger Pedersen
Jens Louis Petersen
Constantin Philipsen
Mie Philipsen
Preben Philipsen
Axel Preisler
Børge Ralov
Kirsten Ralov
Edvard Rambusch
Kirsten Rolffes
Thomas Rosenberg
Tutta Rosenberg
Olaf Rye
Sophus Schack
Ole Scherfig
August Schiøtt
Alfred Schmidt
Svenn Seehusen
Jørgen Selchau
Flemming Skov
Jørgen Sperling
C. F. Sørensen
August Saabye
Hans Nicolai Thestrup
Knud Thestrup
C. F. Thomsen
Christian Frederik Thorin
Carl Thrane
A. F. Tscherning
Mona Vangsaae
Jens Vige
Emilie Walbom
Soffy Walleen
Per Wiking
Hans Wright

The cemetery contains one Commonwealth war grave of World War II, a Danish officer of the British Royal Army Service Corps. Danish-born British Army Brigadier Percy Hansen, a Victoria Cross recipient, is also buried here.

References

External links

 Official website

 CWGC: Copenhagen (Garnisons) Cemetery

Cemeteries in Copenhagen
1671 establishments in Denmark
Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in Denmark
Danish military memorials and cemeteries
Cemeteries established in the 17th century

Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen


Charles Edmund Andrus Jr., best known as Chuck Andrus (November 17, 1928 – June 12, 1997) was an American jazz double-bassist.

Andrus was born in Holyoke, Massachusetts, raised in New England, and studied at the Manhattan School of Music. In the late 1940s he formed his own ensemble in Springfield, Massachusetts which included Sal Salvador and Phil Woods. He played with Charlie Barnet in 1953, then with Claude Thornhill through the middle of the decade. While with Thornhill he met Terry Gibbs, and the two frequently played and recorded together in subsequent years. As a freelance musician in New York, Andrus worked with Don Stratton, Bernard Peiffer, and Jim Chapin; he also recorded extensively with Woody Herman.

Discography
With Woody Herman
 Swing Low, Sweet Clarinet (Philips, 1962)
 Woody Herman–1963 (Philips, 1963)
 1963: The Swingin'est Big Band Ever (Philips, 1963)
 Encore (Philips, 1963)
 My Kind of Broadway (Columbia, 1964)
 The Swinging Herman Herd-Recorded Live (Philips, 1964)
 Woody Herman: 1964 (Philips, 1964)
 Woody's Big Band Goodies (Philips, 1965)
 1963 Live Guard Sessions (Jazz Band 1991)
 Live in Stereo 1963 Summer Tour (Jazz Hour 1991)

With others
 Jim Chapin, The Jim Chapin Sextet (Classic Jazz 1977)
 Bernard Peiffer, Bernie's Tunes (EmArcy, 1956)
(Herbie Mann)  Early Mann (1954)

References

1928 births
1997 deaths
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
20th-century American musicians
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
People from Holyoke, Massachusetts

Chuck Andrus


Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii is an American airline headquartered at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii, operating cargo flights under the name Transair and passenger air charter and tour flights under the name Transair Global. The airline was started in 1982 by Teimour Riahi. As of 2019, the airline operated a fleet of six Boeing 737-200 (five cargo configuration, one VIP passenger configuration) and four Short 360 aircraft.

According to the airline's website, "The all-cargo B-737 aircraft are operated by Rhoades Aviation,Inc. d.b.a. Transair, and the all-cargo SD3-60-300 are operated by Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii, Inc. d.b.a. Transair Express."

On July 2, 2021, after but unrelated to the Flight 810 incident, the Rhoades Aviation Inc. division was grounded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) due to maintenance and safety deficiencies. This idled their one remaining operational 737-200 jet, but did not affect operations of the Transair Express turboprops. On May 25, 2022, citing numerous safety violations found during its investigation of Flight 810, the FAA announced that it is revoking Rhoades' air operator's certificate. Among the cited violations were 33 flights undertaken with engines that were not airworthy. Rhoades was given until June 8 to appeal the agency's decision.

Destinations
Hilo (Hilo International Airport)
Honolulu (Daniel K. Inouye International Airport), hub
Kahului (Kahului Airport)
Kona (Kona International Airport)
Lihue (Lihue Airport)
Kamuela, Hawaii (Waimea-Kohala Airport)
Molokai (Molokai Airport)
Lanai (Lanai Airport)

Fleet

Incidents

In the early morning hours of July 2, 2021, Transair Flight 810, a Boeing 737-200 cargo aircraft, experienced an engine failure shortly after taking off from Honolulu's Daniel K. Inouye International Airport en route to the neighboring Hawaiian island of Maui. The crew were attempting to return to Honolulu when the plane's other engine overheated, forcing them to ditch about  south of Oahu. Both pilots were rescued by the United States Coast Guard. The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board initiated actions to conduct an accident investigation.

On July 16, the FAA revoked the maintenance inspection authority of Rhoades Aviation, the certificate holder that operates the 737-200 aircraft, based on findings from an ongoing investigation of its operation that began in 2020.

On January 29, 1996, at 0435 hours Hawaiian standard time, a Cessna 402B, N999CR, collided with gradually rising terrain while on takeoff from the Waimea-Kohala Airport in Kamuela, Hawaii. The aircraft was destroyed. The certificated airline transport pilot sustained fatal injuries, and two onboard cargo loaders received serious injuries. The aircraft was being operated as a contract mail flight by Trans Executive Airlines of Hawaii under 14 CFR Part 135 when the accident occurred. The flight originated in Honolulu, Hawaii, at 0200. The flight departed Kamuela on the return leg of the flight at 0430.

See also
List of airlines in Hawaii

References

External links

 Interisland Airways

Airlines established in 1982
Airlines based in Hawaii
American companies established in 1982
Cargo airlines of the United States
Charter airlines of the United States
Companies based in Honolulu
1982 establishments in Hawaii

Trans Executive Airlines


Sister Act is a musical based on the hit 1992 film of the same name with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Glenn Slater, book by Bill and Cheri Steinkellner, and additional material by Douglas Carter Beane. After having a regional premiere in 2006 in Pasadena, California, the original West End production opened on June 2, 2009, at the London Palladium, starring Patina Miller and produced by Stage Entertainment and Whoopi Goldberg. Subsequent productions have been seen on Broadway and in many countries around the world.

Synopsis

West End
Act 1
Philadelphia, Mother Superior declares that the convent is in need (Prologue) before Deloris Van Cartier, crowned 'Lady Fabulous' of 1978, is seen performing in the night club run by her gangster boyfriend Curtis Shank ("Take Me to Heaven"). Deloris is overjoyed as she believes her boyfriend is going to introduce her to a record producer on that day (her birthday), although she soon learns that this is not to be. Hurt and frustrated, Deloris goes to her backup singers KT and LaRosa, about her dreams of stardom and fame ("Fabulous, Baby!"). She decides to break up with Shank and head out of Philadelphia to go fulfill her dreams on her own. However she gets to Shank just in time to see him and his crew made up of nephew TJ, Bones, and Dinero, shoot someone who they believe has "squealed" about them to the cops. Horrified, Deloris runs away and Shank orders his men to get her and bring her back. Deloris runs to a police station and tells the desk chief, Eddie, about what happened. The two recognize each other as old friends from school with Deloris calling him "Sweaty Eddie". Eddie decides that Deloris needs to go into the witness protection program and sends her to the place he believes Shank will never find her - a convent called The Holy Order of the Little Sisters of Our Mother of Perpetual Faith.

Deloris is disappointed by this idea as she learns from the Mother Superior that contact with the outside world is limited, and that she cannot smoke, drink, or wear any of her less than appropriate clothing ("Here Within These Walls"). Deloris joins the other nuns for dinner and after several comedic interactions with the overly perky Sister Mary Patrick, Deloris discovers how the other nuns got their "calling" from the Lord ("How I Got the Calling"). They then ask Deloris to share her story with them and she lies.

Meanwhile, back in his nightclub, Shank is frustrated that he cannot find Deloris anywhere. He tells his goons how he will not stop until he finds and kills Deloris ("When I Find My Baby"). Back at the convent Deloris is bored by the simple life of the nuns and decides to hit the town. She goes across the street to a slinky bar, and is followed by Sister Mary Lazarus, Sister Mary Patrick, and Sister Mary Robert. When the three nuns arrive they are shocked to find Sister Mary Clarence (Deloris' undercover name) drinking and dancing, however they assume that she is attempting to save the lost souls in the bar. Deloris goes along with this idea and gets the whole bar dancing ("Do the Sacred Mass"). However, the joyful mood is quickly destroyed when Deloris recognises Shank's boys entering the bar. She tries to hide herself as they ask people in the bar if they've seen Deloris. Suddenly there is a fight in the bar which has to be broken up by Eddie and the Mother Superior, who orders the nuns to go back to the convent. She then confronts Deloris telling her that she must conform to the life of the nuns.  Eddie agrees, telling Deloris that Shank has upped the price on her head, so she needs to be careful. Deloris storms back to the convent after being informed that she has to wake up at 5 a.m. and join the choir. Eddie, now alone with only the drunks and homeless on the street, sings of his desire to be cool, to let go, and impress Deloris ("I Could Be That Guy").

The following morning Deloris attends the choir practice and loudly admits that the choir sounds terrible. This prompts the Mother Superior to let Deloris lead the choir. Deloris does so and teaches the nuns how to sing on key and in time. She also manages to break the quiet and timid Sister Mary Robert out of her shell ("Raise Your Voice"). That Sunday, the choir perform an up-tempo hymn ("Take Me to Heaven (Reprise)") which to the struggling church's surprise brings in more people and more donations. The Mother Superior, however, is horrified how the simple traditional choir she knew has changed and become modern.  The news of the choir soon spreads with photographers and news reporters coming in to get the story behind the latest sensation - this wonderful nontraditional choir.

Act 2
Over the coming weeks, the choir has become incredibly successful and the money from donations has paid for the church to be remodelled and fixed ("Sunday Morning Fever"). However, the newfound fame comes at a price. Shank and his goons spot Deloris with the choir in the newspaper. Shank orders his boys to get into the convent and bring Deloris to him. TJ, Bones, and Dinero discuss how they will do this ("Lady in the Long Black Dress"). Meanwhile, back at the church, Monsignor Howard has some terrific news: the choir has been asked to perform a special concert in front of the Pope. The choir are overjoyed but nervous and that night they ask Deloris to pray for their success ("Bless Our Show"). Deloris is also looking forward to the occasion, although the Mother Superior calls her over and tells her that Shank's men have just come looking for her and she must leave quickly. The other nuns overhear and Deloris is forced to tell them the truth about who she really is and that she cannot perform with them. Deloris quickly runs off to get her things followed by Sister Mary Robert while the other nuns disappointedly go back to their rooms. Alone in Deloris' room, the Mother Superior expresses joy that life can go back to being as it was. However it is evident that she, along with the other nuns, have developed a love for Sister Mary Clarence and her modern if somewhat unorthodox ways ("Here Within These Walls (Reprise)").

As Deloris prepares to leave Sister Mary Robert begs to come with her, claiming that she has been inspired to become a stronger person and go after the things she wants ("The Life I Never Led"). Deloris tells her that she doesn't need her to do that, and that she can do it all herself if she really wants to. Deloris runs from the convent and stays at Eddie's house for the night. While there she initially is overjoyed that the following day she will testify against Shank and his boys and then go back to pursuing the career she's dreamed of ("Fabulous, Baby! (Reprise)"). Guilty for abandoning her sisters when they needed her, she reflects on her life and realises that the choices she is making will leave her with nothing but fame and money, and when the lights go out she will be alone. She decides to return to the convent and sing with her sisters ("Sister Act").

Meanwhile, Shank thinks up a new way to get into the convent ("When I Find My Baby (Reprise)"). Dressed as nuns, Shank and his boys sneak into the convent; they find and chase Deloris. Sister Mary Patrick, who has seen what has happened, informs the other nuns who insist they must go and help Deloris. The Mother Superior, however, is adamant that they stay and call the police, prompting an outburst from Sister Mary Robert who tells her that she won't be quiet and take orders blindly anymore; that she is going to help Deloris ("The Life I Never Led (Reprise)"). The other nuns agree and all of them go running through the convent looking for Deloris. It all comes down to a final confrontation in which Shank, armed and dangerous, tells Deloris to get on her knees and beg for her life. However, all the sisters and nuns stand in front of her telling Shank that they will have to go through them first ("Sister Act (Reprise)"). Shank is about to start firing at the nuns when Eddie comes in and fights Shank off. He arrests Shank and his boys and then asks Deloris out on a date which she accepts. Mother Superior and Deloris come to a truce and accept that perhaps they are not so different after all. The show ends with all the nuns and eventually the entire cast performing for the Pope ("Spread the Love Around").

Broadway
Act 1
On Christmas Eve in 1977 Philadelphia, Deloris Van Cartier is in the middle of a high-energy audition, performing for her gangster boyfriend Curtis Jackson and his thugs, Joey, TJ, Pablo, and Ernie, in the nightclub he owns ("Take Me to Heaven (Nightclub)"). Despite praise from the thugs, Jackson doesn't believe Deloris and her backup singers are ready to perform in his club. He tells her he cannot join her for Christmas Day, but gives her a coat, which she discovers belonged to his wife. Hurt and frustrated, Deloris sings to her backup singers, Michelle and Tina, about her dreams of stardom and fame ("Fabulous, Baby!"). She decides to break up with Jackson to fulfill her dreams on her own, but gets to him just in time to see him and his crew shoot Ernie, who they believe has "squealed" about them to the cops.

Horrified, Deloris runs to a police station and tells the desk chief, Eddie, about what happened. Eddie decides that Deloris needs to go into the witness protection program and sends her to the place he believes Jackson will never find her - a convent. When she arrives, Deloris is horrified to learn from the Mother Superior that contact with the outside world is limited, and that she cannot smoke, drink, or wear any of her own clothing ("Here Within These Walls"). Deloris, introduced as "Sister Mary Clarence," joins the other nuns for dinner and discovers just how much is limited when she is a nun ("It's Good to Be A Nun"). Deloris asks them about what they are missing, and Mother Superior makes Deloris go on a fast.

Back in his nightclub, Jackson is frustrated that he cannot find Deloris anywhere. He tells his "crew," Joey, TJ, and Pablo, how he will not stop until he finds and kills Deloris ("When I Find My Baby"). Deloris, hungry from the fast, leaves the convent and goes to a bar across the street, where Joey, TJ, and Pablo are eating. She is followed by two nuns, Sister Mary Patrick and Sister Mary Robert, who realize what life is like outside the convent. Joey almost recognizes Deloris when he gives her money for the jukebox, but dismisses it. When a drag queen enters in a similar outfit to Deloris' opening costume, Joey, TJ, and Pablo try to stop her and get into a fight, giving Deloris, Sister Mary Patrick, and Sister Mary Robert a chance to escape.

At the convent, Eddie confronts Deloris, telling her that she needs to be more careful, and Mother Superior informs her that she join the choir the following day. Deloris storms off, and Eddie, now alone with only the drunks and homeless on the street, sings of his desire to be cool, to let go, and impress Deloris ("I Could Be That Guy").

The following morning Deloris attends the choir practice and, upon realizing how bad they are, offers to help them. She replaces Sister Mary Lazarus, an older and crankier nun, as their leader, and teaches the nuns how to sing in key and in time ("Raise Your Voice"). That Sunday, the choir perform an up-tempo hymn ("Take Me to Heaven (Nun Choir Version)") which brings in more people and more donations but leaves Mother Superior disgusted.

Act 2
Mother Superior wants to get rid of Deloris, but Monsignor O'Hara tells her that the men who were planning to buy the church love the choir, and have given their money to improve and keep the church. Over the coming weeks, the choir has become incredibly successful and the money from donations has paid for the church to be remodeled and fixed ("Sunday Morning Fever"). Monsignor O'Hara has some terrific news: the choir has been asked to perform a special concert in front of the Pope. However, Jackson and his goons spot Deloris with the choir on the television. Jackson orders his boys to get into the convent and bring Deloris to him. TJ, Joey, and Pablo discuss how they will do this ("Lady in the Long Black Dress").

That night, Mother Superior asks God why He has given her the challenge that is Deloris ("Haven't Got A Prayer"), and shortly after, receives a call from Eddie. Meanwhile, Deloris is approached by the Nuns before they go to sleep, asking her to lead them praying for their show for the Pope, which is the following day ("Bless the Show"). Mother Superior arrives and tells Deloris that the court date for Jackson has moved up to the next day and she must leave immediately. The other nuns overhear and Deloris is forced to tell them the truth about who she really is and that she cannot perform with them.

As Deloris prepares to leave, Sister Mary Robert begs to come with her, claiming that she has been inspired to become a stronger person and go after the things she wants ("The Life I Never Led"). Deloris, staying at Eddie's house for the night, is initially overjoyed that she will be able to go back to pursuing the career she's dreamed of after testifying against Jackson ("Fabulous, Baby! (Reprise)"). However, she realizes that her sisters are more important than any fame or money, and decides to return to the convent to sing with them ("Sister Act").

Meanwhile, Jackson thinks up a new way to get into the convent, giving Joey, TJ, and Pablo nun costumes ("When I Find My Baby (Reprise)"). Deloris interrupts a choir rehearsal and is told by Mother Superior that she is endangering the lives of the nuns and that she must leave. Sister Mary Robert stands with Deloris ("The Life I Never Led (Reprise)"), but is interrupted by Curtis and his men breaking into the church. The nuns scatter and are able to take down Joey, TJ, and Pablo, but Jackson enters and traps Sister Mary Robert at gunpoint.

Deloris begs Jackson to kill her instead, but Mother Superior and all the other nuns stand between them ("Sister Act (Reprise)"). Jackson is about to start firing at the nuns when Eddie enters and  arrests Jackson and his boys. He and Deloris share a kiss. Mother Superior and Deloris come to a truce and accept that perhaps they are not so different after all, and the entire company performs for the Pope ("Spread the Love Around").

Productions

Original productions in Pasadena and Atlanta
The musical premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California on October 24, 2006, and closed on December 23, 2006. It broke records, grossing $1,085,929 to become the highest grossing show ever at the venue. Patina Miller, who would later go on to play Deloris when the show opened in London, was in the ensemble and understudied the role of Deloris, which was originated in the musical by Dawnn Lewis.

The musical was directed by Peter Schneider, developed by Schneider and Michael Reno, choreographed by Marguerite Derricks, with set design by David Potts, costumes by Garry Lennon, lighting by Donald Holder, and sound by Carl Casella and Dominick Sack.

Charles McNulty of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the musical has "Broadway blockbuster written all over it," and Laurence Vittes described it as "hugely entertaining... likely to become a classic" in The Hollywood Reporter. Jonas Schwartz of Theatremania.com was less enthusiastic, saying it "suffers from a bit of an identity crisis."

The production then moved to the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, where it ran from January 17 to February 25, 2007. The cast included Dawnn Lewis as Deloris, Elizabeth Ward Land as the Mother Superior, Harrison White as Curtis, and Beth Malone as Sister Mary Robert.

Curt Holman, writing for the Atlanta-based website CreativeLoafing.com, described it as "a whiplash-inducing experience of genuinely clever and exuberant flourishes alternating with cringe-inducing embarrassments....  The weakest parts of Sister Act tend to be the most faithful moments to the film, which makes you wonder what Menken, Slater and the production's delightful design team could have done with original material."

Original London production

Sister Act opened in the West End at the London Palladium on June 2, 2009, following previews from May 7. The production was directed by Peter Schneider and choreographed by Anthony Van Laast, with set design by Klara Zieglerova, costumes by Lez Brotherston and lighting by Natasha Katz. Following a year-long search, 24-year-old actress Patina Miller was cast as Deloris, alongside Sheila Hancock as the Mother Superior, Ian Lavender as Monsignor Howard, Chris Jarman as Shank, Ako Mitchell as Eddie, Katie Rowley Jones as Sister Mary Robert, Claire Greenway as Sister Mary Patrick and Julia Sutton (later replaced by Jacqueline Clarke) as Sister Mary Lazarus. It was announced on April 29, 2010, that pop singer Simon Webbe of Blue fame would join the cast as Shank on May 31, 2010, and that the production would close on January 1, 2011. It was then announced the show would close on October 30, 2010, to make way for Andrew Lloyd Webber's new musical production of The Wizard of Oz. Chris Jarman took a planned break from the show from May, during which time Webbe played the role of Shank, and Sheila Hancock left on July 31 due to other contractual commitments. All cast members (with the exception of Simon Webbe, who left on August 28) stayed in the show until it closed. Whoopi Goldberg joined the cast as the Mother Superior for a limited engagement that was supposed to last from August 10–31, 2010, but she left the cast on August 27 due to her mother suffering a stroke. Goldberg was then succeeded by Sally Dexter. However, Goldberg returned to the cast for five performances on October 22, 23 and 25. The show closed as announced on October 30, 2010.

Original Broadway production
A newly revised adaptation of the show opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre on April 20, 2011, after previews beginning March 24, 2011. Jerry Zaks was the new director (Zaks had previously worked with composer Alan Menken on the 2003 Broadway production of Little Shop of Horrors) with Douglas Carter Beane rewriting the book. Patina Miller, who originated the role of Deloris in the West End production, reprised the role on Broadway, making her Broadway debut. The original cast featured Victoria Clark (Mother Superior), Fred Applegate (Monsignor), Sarah Bolt (Sister Mary Patrick), Chester Gregory (Eddie), Kingsley Leggs (Curtis), Marla Mindelle (Sister Mary Robert) and Audrie Neenan (Sister Mary Lazarus). On October 12, 2011, Clark left the production for unknown reasons. Her understudy, Jennifer Allen played the role after her departure. Carolee Carmello took over the role of the Mother Superior on November 19, 2011. Raven-Symoné replaced Miller as Deloris on March 27, 2012. The show received multiple Tony Award nominations for the 2011 season, including for Best Musical, Best Actress in a Musical (Miller) and Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Clark). The production closed on August 26, 2012, after 28 previews and 561 performances.

Subsequent productions
The first UK touring production opened on October 4, 2011, at the Manchester Opera House, with Cynthia Erivo as Deloris Van Cartier, Denise Black as Mother Superior, Julie Atherton as Sister Mary Robert, and Michael Starke as Monsignor O'Hara. The tour played its final performance on October 20, 2012.

A new non-replica UK tour officially opened on August 11, 2016, running to September 3, 2017. Directed and choreographed by Craig Revel Horwood, the tour starred Alexandra Burke as Deloris Van Cartier Jon Robyns as Eddie and Rosemary Ashe as Sister Mary Lazarus.

The first national North American tour debuted on October 2, 2012, at the Ed Mirvish Theatre in Toronto, Canada and closed on June 29, 2014, at the Majestic Theatre in San Antonio, Texas. The cast included Ta'Rea Campbell as Deloris Van Cartier, Hollis Resnik as Mother Superior (later replaced by Lynne Wintersteller). A second national tour (non-equity) ran from 2014 to 2015.

On May 9, 2017, an international tour started at the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore and visited Philippines, China, Japan, and South Korea, closing January 21, 2018 at the Blue Square Interpark Hall in Seoul. The cast was led by Dené Hill as Deloris Van Cartier.

On October 23, 2019, it was announced that the musical would run from July 29, 2020, at the Hammersmith Apollo for 39 performances with Jennifer Saunders in the role of Mother Superior and Whoopi Goldberg as Deloris Van Cartier. The production was delayed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic and finally played from July 19 to August 28, 2022, with Goldberg no longer involved. Full casting was announced on March 18, 2022 where it was confirmed that Beverly Knight would play the role of Van Cartier.

A third UK and Ireland tour was expected to start on April 21, 2020, at the Leicester Curve Theatre but was also delayed and it started on June 27, 2022 at the Manchester Palace Theatre.

An additional run at the Dominion Theatre has been announced and is scheduled to run from March 15, 2024, to August 31 of the same year, with Beverley Knight and Alexandra Burke sharing the role of Deloris Van Cartier.

An international tour produced by EMK Productions launched in fall 2023. This production stars Nicole Vanessa Ortiz as Deloris and features both American and Korean actors.

Other adaptations
In 2010, the first international adaptation of the show premiered in Germany by Stage Entertainment, who then produced it in Austria, The Netherlands, Italy, France and Spain.

A Brazilian tour, directed by Fernanda Chamma and produced by Stage Entertainment opened in 2015.  Whoopi Goldberg chose the actress who would play Delores, Karin Hils, and coached her in New York City. The tour started on March 5, 2015 at Renault Theater, São Paulo, and remained until 2016.

A Danish production of Sister Act is opened September 21, 2023, at Det Ny Teater in Copenhagen. Deloris was portrayed by actress and musical performer Julie Steincke.

Major casts

Notable replacements

West End
 Mother Superior: Whoopi Goldberg, Sally Dexter
 Curtis Shank: Simon Webbe

Broadway
 Deloris van Cartier: Raven-Symoné
 Mother Superior: Carolee Carmello

US Tour
 Mother Superior: Lynne Wintersteller
 Eddie Souther: Chester Gregory

Musical numbers
West End

Act I
 "Take Me to Heaven" – Deloris, KT, LaRosa & Backups
 "Fabulous, Baby!" – Deloris, KT & LaRosa
 "Here Within These Walls" – Mother Superior & Nuns
 "How I Got the Calling" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert & Nuns
 "When I Find My Baby" – Shank, TJ, Bones & Dinero
 "Do the Sacred Mass" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert & Barflies
 "I Could Be That Guy" – Eddie & Transients
 "Raise Your Voice" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert & Nuns
 "Take Me to Heaven" (Reprise) – Monsignor Howard, Deloris, Mother Superior, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert, Nuns & Photographers

Act II
 "Sunday Morning Fever" – Monsignor Howard, Deloris, Mother Superior, Eddie, TJ, Bones, Dinero, Nuns & Barflies
 "Lady in the Long Black Dress" – TJ, Bones & Dinero
 "Bless Our Show" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert & Nuns
 "Here Within These Walls" (Reprise) – Mother Superior
 "The Life I Never Led" – Mary Robert
 "Fabulous, Baby!" (Reprise) – Deloris, Backups & Nuns
 "Sister Act" – Deloris
 "When I Find My Baby" (Reprise) † – Shank
 "The Life I Never Led" (Reprise) – Mary Robert
 "Sister Act" (Reprise) – Deloris, Mother Superior, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert & Nuns
 "Spread the Love Around" – Mother Superior, Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Lazarus, Mary Robert, Nuns & Altar Boy

† denotes songs not on the cast recording.

Broadway

Act I
 "Take Me to Heaven (Nightclub)" – Deloris, Michelle & Tina
 "Fabulous, Baby!" – Deloris, Michelle & Tina
 "Here Within These Walls" – Mother Superior & Deloris
 "It's Good to Be a Nun" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus & Nuns
 "When I Find My Baby" – Curtis, Joey, Pablo & TJ
 "I Could Be That Guy" – Eddie & Homeless
 "Raise Your Voice" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus & Nuns
 "Take Me to Heaven" (Nun Choir Version) – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus & Nuns

Act II
 "Sunday Morning Fever" – Deloris, Mother Superior, Monsignor O'Hara, Eddie, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus, Nuns & Workers
 "Lady in the Long Black Dress" – Joey, Pablo & TJ
 "Haven't Got a Prayer" – Mother Superior
 "Bless Our Show" – Deloris, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus & Nuns
 "The Life I Never Led" – Mary Robert
 "Fabulous, Baby!" (Reprise) – Deloris, Eddie, Nuns & Fantasy Dancers
 "Sister Act" – Deloris
 "When I Find My Baby" (Reprise) – Curtis
 "The Life I Never Led" (Reprise) – Mary Robert
 "Sister Act" (Reprise) – Deloris, Mother Superior, Mary Patrick, Mary Robert, Mary Lazarus & Nuns
 "Spread the Love Around" – The Company

Critical response

West End
Critical opinion of the West End production has been mixed. Ian Shuttleworth of the Financial Times thought although the plot is filled with "great holes," "It's not a brainless show; Glenn Slater's lyrics are often enjoyably sharp. It's just that whenever the choice arises between creative and commercial, commercial wins out every time."

Charles Spencer in The Telegraph wrote Sister Act "proves more enjoyable on stage than it did on film" and "the cheers and standing ovation at the end were both genuine and deserved." He added, "The book, by Cheers writers Cheri and Bill Steinkellner, is strong, funny and touching. And the disco-inspired score by Disney favourite Alan Menken, with neat lyrics by Glenn Slater, is a cracker. Frankly, what's not to like, especially when you've got a chorus line of jiving nuns singing their hearts out ecstatically?"

While Michael Billington of The Guardian thought Alan Menken's music "has a pounding effectiveness," he rated the musical only two out of five stars, calling it "noisily aggressive" and "a show that feels less like a personally driven work of art than a commercial exploitation of an existing franchise." He continued, "What was originally a fairytale fantasy . . . makes little sense in its new, vulgarised incarnation. In the movie, the music arose naturally from the story: there was even a certain wit about seeing a group of wimpled warblers turned into a cohesive unit. But here, long before the heroine has got to work on their larynxes, they are leaping about the stage like showbiz pros telling us How I Got the Calling. In order to pad out a slight story, every key member of the cast also has to be given a number. As a result, the plot grinds to a halt while we hear about the macho fantasies of a sweaty cop, or the hoodlums weary us with their own wet dreams."

In the Evening Standard, Fiona Mountford rated it four out of five stars and stated, "Whether or not divine intervention is involved, it's a wimple-wibbling, habit-forming triumph."

The Times critic, Benedict Nightingale rated the show three out of five stars, observing that "a rather sweet, sentimental film has been hyped up, coarsened, given what — were the Palladium flown to Times Square — we'd call the big, brash Broadway treatment . . . There's less deft comedy, but much more music, most of it indebted to the 1970s, where the action is now set. That lets Alan Menken, the composer, have a lot of catchy fun with period rock and disco."

David Benedict of Variety cited its "slow start" and "clunky storytelling" but thought "the cumulative effect is shamelessly and irresistibly entertaining."

Broadway
The Broadway production received mostly positive reviews.

Mark Kennedy of The Associated Press wrote in his review, "This is a musical that hits all the right spots, achieving something close to Broadway grace. It helps that the musical has great original tunes by songwriter Alan Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater that skitters from Motown, to soul and funk, to disco and even a little jokey Barry White. Menken and Slater, who also teamed up for The Little Mermaid, know perfectly how to switch up the mood and tempo.

Elysa Gardner of USA Today gave the show three and a half out of four stars and said, "Sister Act: A Divine Musical Comedy may be less giddily profane, and thought-provoking, than The Book of Mormon, but it has its own distinct and surprising charms. Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater provide original tunes that nod cheekily, but with genuine affection, to that pop era while also propelling the story with a style and exuberance specific to well-crafted musical theater."

Elisabeth Vincentelli of the New York Post also gave the show three and a half out of four stars and wrote, "Big, glitzy numbers are the toast of Broadway musicals. The only thing better? Big, glitzy numbers . . . with nuns! "Sister Act" has plenty of both—and it's one of the season's happiest surprises.
Menken evokes the lush, funky sound of Philly soul without falling into mere pastiche: "When I Find My Baby" starts off like bedroom R&B before the lyrics take a hilarious turn. "Take Me to Heaven" and "Spread the Love Around" bloom into full-throttle disco epics, the latter building up to an ecstatic finale.

Thom Geier of Entertainment Weekly gave the show a "B+" and wrote, "It's been a season of ill-conceived or just plain disappointing stage musicals based on movies...Who'd have guessed that the latest iteration of Broadway's recycling trend, Sister Act...would be such a lark? It helps that the show boasts a genuine star turn by newcomer Patina Miller as aspiring singer Deloris Van Cartier. While Sister Act relies on all-new music, thankfully the score is by gifted tunesmith Alan Menken (Little Shop of Horrors, Beauty and the Beast) and his longtime lyricist, Glenn Slater. There are some real melodic standouts here, boosted by the decision to re-set the show in 1977 Philadelphia."

Charles Isherwood of the New York Times gave the show a mixed review and wrote, "I wish I could report that the singing nuns from the Church of Philly Soul are giving those perky Mormons in Africa a run for their money in the unholy hilarity department. But when the jubilant choral numbers subside, as inevitably they must, "Sister Act" slumps back into bland musical-theater grooves and mostly lacks the light of invigorating inspiration. Mr. Menken, who wrote the lustrous period-pop score for "Little Shop of Horrors" (with the lyricist Howard Ashman), is a skillful interpreter of the Philadelphia sound." He did, however, praise Miller's performance, writing she "has a radiant presence and a strong voice with a tangy timbre. As Deloris Van Cartier, a would-be disco diva in 1970s Philly who goes on the lam when the bullets start flying, she truly comes into her own when Deloris sheds her purse full of wisecracks.

Steven Suskin of Variety gave the show an unfavorable review: "New tuner has various assets that place it comfortably in the feel-good entertainment category, and might have launched it to the top last season or even three months ago. But timing is everything. "Sister Act" comes in on the heels of a handful of musicals, including another disco-beat film adaptation (Priscilla Queen of the Desert), and comparisons are not favorable. The Broadway version of 'Sister Act' is glossy, but seems like a worn set of tires repatched too often."

Awards and nominations

Original London production

Original Broadway production

2022 London Revival

Sister Act Nun Run
The Sister Act Nuns Run was first held in May 2009, just before the opening of the West End musical. When the team from Sister Act got together with the team from Barnardos it was decided a Nun Run would be a great way to promote the new musical as well as raise money for a great cause.

Despite it being a brand new charity run, almost 1000 people got dressed up as nuns to run the streets of London, and altogether they raised over £30,000, and on the back of its success it was decided that this 4 mile run was to be an annual event.

In late 2009 it was announced that the 2010 run was again to take place in May, but this time taking a different route, passing some of London's greatest landmarks such as The Tower of London, Tate Modern, and St. Paul's Cathedral.

To link the run with Sister Act the Musical (other than the fact everyone is dressed as nuns), some of the cast as well as Barnardo's Children's Choir give performances at the start line. This not only helps to fuse the link between Barnardo's and the show, but makes it a fun event, as it is designed as a charity event rather than for competitive runners.

The 2010 run sets this as an annual event which the organizers hope will grow year after year.

The 2011 run took place in September 2011 to coincide with the UK national tour.

References

External links
Internet Broadway Database
Sister Act Nun Run
New York Times, November 13, 2008

2006 musicals
West End musicals
Broadway musicals
Disney Theatrical Productions musicals
Musicals based on films
Musicals about nuns
Musicals set in the 1970s
Musicals by Alan Menken
Musicals by Glenn Slater
Musicals set in churches
Musicals set in convents

Sister Act (musical)


John Jay Hawkins (January 4, 1855 – May 1, 1935) was an American  jurist and politician who served as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of Arizona Territory and as a member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature.

Biography
Hawkins was born in Saline County, Missouri to George Scott and Francis Marion (Gauldin) Hawkins on January 4, 1855.  He was educated in public schools before enrolling at William Jewell College and the University of Missouri.
Upon completion of education in 1877, Hawkins began reading law under Glasgow, Missouri attorney Thomas Shackelford.  He was admitted to the Missouri bar in 1878 and practiced law with Shackelford for the next five years.

In 1883, Hawkins moved to Prescott, Arizona Territory.  He was made probate judge for Yavapai County in 1885.  That same year he formed a legal practice with J. C. Herndon which lasted until 1893. On May 5, 1855, Hawkins married Olive Birch of Glasgow, Missouri. The marriage produced one daughter.

Hawkins was appointed Territorial Auditor in 1887. The Democratic Hawkins held the position till March 1889 when he was replaced by an incoming Republican governor. In 1892, Hawkins was elected to represent Yavapai County on the Council of the 17th Arizona Territorial Legislature.

President Grover Cleveland nominated Hawkins to replace Edmund W. Wells in Arizona's fourth judicial district in April 1893, and he took his oath of office on April 19, 1893. During his time on the bench, procedural issues were common. Two examples of his rulings in such manners are Thomas v. Lane, 4 Arizona 156 (1894), where the judge rules that when counsel claims an error in a case they should also specify what they believed the error to be and United States v. Falshaw, 4 Arizona 330 (1895), when he ruled the United States was required to pay witness expenses on behalf of indigent defendants. At the end of his four-year term, Hawkins was not reappointed and was succeeded by Richard Elihu Sloan on July 19, 1897.

Following his time on the bench, Hawkins returned to his private legal practice. In addition to his legal career, he was an active member of the Episcopal Church, serving once as Chancellor of the denomination's territorial mission board and two times as a Lay Delegate to the General Convention. Hawkins was also a member of Prescott's Masonic Lodge.

Hawkins served as President of the territorial bar association from 1900 till 1901. In 1904, he was a delegate to the Universal Congress of Lawyers and Jurists. Following Arizona gaining statehood, in 1914, Hawkins ran for one of three open seats on the Arizona Supreme Court but failed to gain one with his fourth-place finish. The following year he taught mining law at the University of Oklahoma College of Law.

Hawkings retired to Los Angeles, California in 1916. He lived there till his death on May 1, 1935. Hawkins was buried in Glendale, California's Forest Lawn Memorial Park.

References

1855 births
1935 deaths
People from Saline County, Missouri
Justices of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court
Members of the Arizona Territorial Legislature
Arizona Democrats
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law

John J. Hawkins


The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

It had been a fortified location since September 17, 1776, when New Spain established the presidio to gain a foothold in Alta California and the San Francisco Bay. It passed to Mexico in 1820, which in turn passed it to the United States in 1848. As part of a military reduction program under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process from 1988, Congress voted to end the Presidio's status as an active military installation of the U.S. Army. On October 1, 1994, it was transferred to the National Park Service, ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use.

In 1996, the United States Congress created the Presidio Trust to oversee and manage the interior 80% of the park's lands, with the National Park Service managing the coastal 20%. In a first-of-its-kind structure, Congress mandated that the Presidio Trust make the Presidio financially self-sufficient by 2013. The Presidio achieved the goal in 2005, eight years ahead of the deadline.

The park has many wooded areas, hills, and scenic vistas overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean. It was recognized as a California Historical Landmark in 1933 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1962.

History

Military use

The Presidio was originally a Spanish fort sited by Juan Bautista de Anza on March 28, 1776, built by a party led by José Joaquín Moraga later that year. The limestone used to build the presidio was mined by Ohlones at the Rockaway Quarry. In 1783, the Presidio's garrison numbered only 33 men. Upon Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, it was briefly operated as a Mexican fortification. The Presidio was seized by the U.S. military at the start of the Mexican–American War in 1846. It was officially re-opened by the Americans in 1848 and became home to several army headquarters and units, the last being the United States 6th Army. Several famous U.S. generals, such as William Sherman, George Henry Thomas, and John Pershing, made their homes here.

During its long history, the Presidio was involved in most of America's military engagements in the Pacific Rim. Importantly, it was the assembly point for army forces that invaded the Philippines during the Spanish–American War, America's first significant military engagement in the region.

Beginning in the 1890s, the Presidio was home to the Letterman Army Medical Center (LAMC), named in 1911 for Jonathan Letterman, the medical director of the Civil War-era Army of the Potomac. LAMC provided thousands of war-wounded with high-quality medical care during every US foreign conflict of the 20th century.

One of the last two remaining cemeteries within the city's limits is the San Francisco National Cemetery. Among the military personnel interred there are General Frederick Funston, hero of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, and commanding officer of the Presidio at the time of the 1906 earthquake; and General Irvin McDowell, a Union Army commander who lost the First Battle of Bull Run.

The Marine Hospital operated a cemetery for merchant seamen approximately  from the hospital property. Based on city municipal records, historians estimate that the cemetery was used from 1885 to 1912. As part of the "Trails Forever" initiative, the Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust partnered to build a walking trail along the south side of the site featuring interpretive signage about its history.

The Presidio was the home of the Western Defense Command headquarters during World War II. It was here that Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt signed 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders and directives for the internment of Japanese Americans under the authority of Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942.

The Presidio sent its few remaining units to war for the last time in 1991 for Desert Storm, the First Gulf War. The role of the Sixth Army was the management of training and coordinating deployment of Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve units in the Western U.S. for Operation Desert Storm.

Preservation
After a hard-fought battle, the Presidio averted being sold at auction and came under the management of the Presidio Trust, a U.S. government corporation established by an act of Congress in 1996.

The Presidio Trust now manages most of the park in partnership with the National Park Service. The trust has jurisdiction over the interior of 80 percent of the Presidio, including nearly all its historic structures. The National Park Service manages coastal areas. Primary law enforcement throughout the Presidio is the jurisdiction of the United States Park Police.

One of the main objectives of the Presidio Trust's program was achieving financial self-sufficiency by fiscal year 2013, which was reached in 2006. Immediately after its inception, the trust began preparing rehabilitation plans for the park. Many areas had to be decontaminated before being prepared for public use.

The Presidio Trust Act calls for the "preservation of the cultural and historic integrity of the Presidio for public use." The Act also requires that the Presidio Trust be financially self-sufficient by 2013. These imperatives have resulted in numerous conflicts between the need to maximize income by leasing historic buildings and permitting public use despite most structures being rented privately. Further differences have arisen from the divergent needs to preserve the integrity of the National Historic Landmark District in the face of new construction, competing pressures for natural habitat restoration, and requirements for commercial purposes that impede public access.

Crissy Field, a former airfield, has undergone extensive restoration and is now a popular recreational area. It borders on the San Francisco Marina in the east and on the Golden Gate Bridge in the west.

The park has a large inventory of approximately 800 buildings, many of them historical. By 2004, about 50% of the buildings on park grounds had been restored and partially remodeled. The Presidio Trust has contracted commercial real estate management companies to help attract and retain residential and commercial tenants. The total capacity is estimated at 5,000 residents when all buildings have been rehabilitated. Among the Presidio's residents is The Bay School of San Francisco, a private, coeducational college preparatory school located in the central Main Post area. Others include The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Tides Foundation, the Arion Press, Sports Basement Presidio, and The Walt Disney Family Museum, a museum in the memory of Walt Disney. Many various commercial enterprises also lease buildings on the Presidio.

The Thoreau Center for Sustainability preserved sections of the Letterman Army Hospital .

The Presidio of San Francisco is the only site in a national recreation area with an extensive residential leasing program.

The Presidio has four creeks that park stewards and volunteers are restoring to expand their riparian habitats' former extents. The creeks are Lobos and Dragonfly creeks, El Polin Spring, and Coyote Gulch.

1990s – present

The Trust entered a significant agreement with Lucasfilm to build a new facility called the Letterman Digital Arts Center (LDAC), which is now Lucasfilm's corporate headquarters. The site replaced portions of what was the Letterman Hospital. George Lucas won the development rights for  of the Presidio, in June 1999, after beating out several rival plans, including a leading proposal by the Shorenstein Company. LDAC replaced the former Lucasfilm headquarters in San Rafael. The $300 million development includes nearly  of office space and a  underground parking garage with a capacity of 2,500 employees. Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic, Lucas Licensing, and Lucas Online divisions reside at the site. George Lucas's proposal included plans for a high-tech Presidio museum and a  "Great Lawn" that is now open to the public.

In 2007, Donald Fisher, founder of the Gap clothing stores and former board member of the Presidio Trust, announced a plan to build a  museum tentatively named the Contemporary Art Museum of the Presidio, to house his art collection. Due to opposition, Fisher withdrew his plans to build the museum in the Presidio and instead donated the art to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art before he died in 2009.

As the Doyle Drive viaduct was deemed seismically unsafe and obsolete, construction started on the demolition of Doyle Drive in 2008 to replace the structure with a flat, broad-lane highway with a tunnel through the bluffs above Crissy Field, called the Presidio Parkway. The project cost $1 billion and was scheduled to be completed by 2016.

The Trust plans to create a promenade that will link the Lombard Gate and the new Lucasfilm campus to the Main Post and, ultimately, to the Golden Gate Bridge. The promenade is part of a trail expansion plan that will add  of new pathways and eight scenic overlooks throughout the park.

In October 2008, artist Andy Goldsworthy constructed the first of a series of sculptures in the Presidio, the "Spire". It is  tall and located near the Arguello Gate. It represents the tree replanting effort that has been underway at the Presidio. "Spire" was followed by "Wood Line" in 2011, "Tree Fall" in 2013, and "Earth Wall" in 2014.

In 2010, a trampoline park called House of Air was built using an old aircraft hangar.

As of 2023, it is estimated that there may be at least four coyote families living in the park.

Presidio visitor centers

The visitor centers are operated by the National Park Service:
 Presidio Visitor Center: offers changing exhibits about the Presidio, information about sights and activities in the park, and a bookstore. The Presidio Transit Center is located adjacent to this visitor center and is served by the Presidio Go Shuttle and Muni bus routes.
 Battery Chamberlin: seacoast defense museum and artillery display at Baker Beach built in 1904.
 Fort Point: 1861 brick and granite fortification under the Golden Gate Bridge. The visitor center, open on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, offers video orientations, guided tours, self-guiding materials, exhibits, and a bookstore.
 Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Visitor Center: This center offers hands-on marine-life exhibits and is located in a historic Coast Guard Station at the west end of Crissy Field. The building was used by the Coast Guard from 1890 to 1990.
 Golden Gate Bridge Pavilion: opened May 2012 for the 75th anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge; the Pavilion is the first visitor center in the history of the Golden Gate Bridge. It is located just east of the southern end of the bridge.
Hidden Presidio Outdoor Track: begins at Julius Kahn Playground and encircles the valley just below it,  of dirt trails, cutbacks, wooden stairs, and various altitudes.

Crissy Field Center
Crissy Field Center (former Air Service/Air Corps/Army Air Forces airfield) is an urban environmental education center with programs for schools, public workshops, after-school programs, summer camps, and more. The center is operated by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and overlooks a restored tidal marsh. The facilities include interactive environmental exhibits, a media lab, a resource library, an art workshop, a science lab, a gathering room, a teaching kitchen, a café, and a bookstore. The landscape of Crissy Field was designed by George Hargreaves. The project restored a naturally functioning and sustaining tidal wetland as a habitat for flora and fauna, previously not in the site's evidence. It also restored a historic grass airfield that became a culturally significant military airfield between 1919 and 1936. The park at Crissy Field expanded and widened the recreational opportunities of the existing  San Francisco shore to a broader number of Presidio residents and visitors.

Presidio Tunnel Tops

A major component of the Presidio's park attractions is the Presidio Tunnel Tops, which has created a  on top of the tunneled portions of Doyle Drive. The park contains several meadows and walking trails, along with viewpoints for major landmarks such as the Golden Gate Bridge. Negotiations between Caltrans, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority, and the Presidio Trust to finalize the land transfer for the park lasted from 2015 to 2018. The budget for the park is $100 million, funded with public funds from the Presidio Trust and private contributions. The park opened for public use on July 17, 2022.

Timeline

 Pre-1776: The area was Ohlone land.
 1776: Spanish Captain Juan Bautista de Anza led 193 soldiers, women, and children on a trek from present-day Tubac, Arizona, to San Francisco Bay.
 September 17, 1776: The Presidio began as a Spanish garrison to defend Spain's claim to San Francisco Bay and to support Mission Dolores; it was the northernmost outpost of New Spain in the declining Spanish Empire.
 1794: Castillo de San Joaquin, an artillery emplacement was built above present-day Fort Point, San Francisco, complete with iron or bronze cannon. Six cannons may be seen in the Presidio today.
 1776–1821: The Presidio was a simple fort made of adobe, brush, and wood. It often was damaged by earthquakes or heavy rains. In 1783, its company was only 33 men. Presidio soldiers' duties were to support Mission Dolores by controlling Indian workers in the Mission and farming, ranching, and hunting to supply themselves and their families. Support from Spanish authorities in Mexico was minimal.
 1821: Mexico became independent of Spain. The Presidio received even less support from Mexico. Residents of Alta California, which included the Presidio, debated separating from Mexico.
 1827, January: Minor earthquake in San Francisco; some buildings were damaged extensively.
 1835: The Presidio garrison, led by Mariano Vallejo, relocated to Sonoma. A small detachment remained at the Presidio, which was in decline.
 1846: American settlers and adventurers in Sonoma staged the Bear Flag Revolt against Mexican rule. Mariano Vallejo was imprisoned for a brief time. Lieutenant John C. Fremont, a U.S. Army officer, with a small detachment of soldiers and frontiersmen, crossed the Golden Gate in a boat to "capture" the Presidio unresisted. A cannon that Fremont spiked remains on the Presidio today.

 1846–1848: The U.S. Army occupied the Presidio. The Presidio began a long era directing operations to control and protect Native Americans as headquarters for scattered Army units on the West Coast.
 1853: Work was begun on Fort Point, which became a fine example of coastal defenses of its time. Fort Point, located at the foot of the Golden Gate in the Presidio, was the keystone of an elaborate network of fortifications to defend San Francisco Bay. These fortifications now reflect 150 years of military concern for the defense of the West Coast.
 1861–1865: The American Civil War involved the Presidio. Colonel Albert Sydney Johnston protected Union weapons from being taken by Southern sympathizers in San Francisco. Later, he resigned from the Union Army and became a general in the Confederate Army. He was killed at the Battle of Shiloh. The Presidio organized regiments of volunteers for the Civil War and to control Indians in California and Oregon during the absence of federal troops.
 1869–1870: Major General George Henry Thomas, an American Civil War hero, led the Division of the Pacific. General Thomas died in 1870 and was buried in Troy, New York.
 1872–1873: Modoc Indian Campaign involved some Presidio troops and command in this significant battle, the last large-scale U.S. Army operation against Native Americans in the Far West.
 1890–1914: Presidio soldiers became the nation's first "park rangers" by patrolling the new Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks.
 1898–1906: The Presidio became the nation's center for assembling, training, and shipping out forces to the Spanish–American War in the Philippine Islands and the subsequent Philippine–American War (Philippine Insurrection). Letterman Army Hospital was modernized and expanded to care for the many wounded and seriously ill soldiers from these campaigns. The Philippine campaign was an early major U.S. military intervention in the Asia/Pacific region. Camp Merriam, located just north of the presidio, was established to train and house volunteers for service during the Spanish-American War.
 1903: President Theodore Roosevelt visited the Presidio. His honor guard was from the African American "Buffalo Soldier" 9th Cavalry Regiment, then at the Presidio. This regiment took a role in Roosevelt's famous charge of San Juan Hill in Cuba.

 1906: The San Francisco earthquake of April 1906 led to an immediate Army response directed by General Frederick Funston, who had earned the Medal of Honor for his bravery in the Philippines. Army units provided security and fought fires at the direction of the city government. After the fire that resulted from the earthquake, Presidio soldiers gave aid, food, and shelter to refugees. Temporary camps for refugees were set up in the Presidio.
 1912: Fort Winfield Scott was established in the western part of the Presidio as a coast artillery post and the headquarters of the Artillery District of San Francisco.
 1914–1916: The Presidio Commander, General John J. Pershing, commanded the Mexican Punitive Expedition to eliminate the threat of Pancho Villa, a Mexican rebel and bandit, who conducted raids across the U.S. border. General Pershing's family died in a tragic fire while he was away. As a result of the 1915 fire in General Pershing's quarters, the Presidio Fire Department was established as the first fire station staffed 24 hours per day on a military post.
 1915: Part of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition was located on the Presidio waterfront, which was expanded by a landfill for the purpose. Soldiers supported the Exposition with parades, honor guards, and artillery demonstrations. The Exposition was to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal.
 1917–1918: The Presidio rapidly expanded with new cantonments and training areas for World War I. Recruiting, training, and deploying units again become the Presidio's role. An officer training camp was located here. Quickly assembled buildings covered the waterfront area, and the railroad track into the Presidio was busy with wartime traffic. During the war, the 30th Infantry Regiment, "San Francisco's Own", whose motto, "OUR COUNTRY NOT OURSELVES", fought with distinction in World War I as a key fighting element of the 3rd Infantry Division who earned the title "Rock of the Marne". The 30th Infantry Regiment was frequently based at the Presidio.
 1918–1920: The Presidio was the center for forming and training the American Expeditionary Force Siberia. This little-remembered force moved into Siberia during the Russian Civil War. The mission of this force changed often. It encountered hostility from another part of the Expeditionary Force, Japan, while fighting bandits and protecting Allied civilians.
 1920–1932: The Presidio became home to Crissy Field, the major pioneering military aviation field located on the West Coast. Trailbreaking transpacific and transcontinental flights occurred here. At Crissy, future General "Hap" Arnold developed techniques for the new military aviation. Arnold later commanded the Army Air Corps and Army Air Forces in World War II.
 1941–1946: World War II saw intense activity at the Presidio. It continued as a coordinating headquarters, deployment center, and training site, as it was for most of its existence. The Western Defense Command was responsible for the defense of the West Coast. This included supervising combat in the Aleutian Islands for a time. The Presidio again was crowded with temporary barracks and training facilities. Letterman Army Hospital was filled with casualties. At one point, entire trains filled with war-wounded arrived at the Presidio from the battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima. A Japanese Language School was set up to train Japanese-Americans to be interpreters in the war against Japan. Ironically, some of these soldiers' families were interned in camps for the rest of the war while they performed bravely in the Pacific.
 1941–1945: The Commanding General of the Western Defense Command, General John L. DeWitt, responded to public hysteria directed against all Japanese on the West Coast. He recommended removing all Japanese, including citizens, from the Western Seaboard. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and some Western politicians also expressed alarm, although no incidents of sabotage occurred. President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, to direct removal of ethnic Japanese residents to internment camps.
 1946: After World War II, the Presidio command was redesignated the Sixth Army under the leadership of General Joseph Stilwell. Again, it was responsible for all U.S. Army forces in the Western U.S., including training, supplies, and deployment. It also was the federal agency to coordinate disaster relief by the military. During this year, President Harry Truman had offered the Presidio as the site for the future United Nations Headquarters. A United Nations Committee visited the Presidio to examine its suitability for the site, but the UN General Assembly ultimately voted in favor of its current New York City location instead.
 1950–1953: The Korean War tasked the Presidio's headquarters and support functions. Letterman Army Hospital was mobilized to care for casualties from the war.
 1951: The Presidio hosted ceremonies for signing the ANZUS Treaty, a security pact of Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. The Japan-US security treaty was signed at the Presidio, while the Japanese Peace Treaty was signed in downtown San Francisco.
 1961–1973: The Presidio filled a supporting role during the Vietnam War. Antiwar demonstrations took place at the Presidio's gates.
 1968: Richard Bunch shot, initiating the Presidio mutiny at the Presidio stockade prison. The XV Corps Deactivated.
 1969–1974: Letterman Army Hospital (LAMC) was modernized, and Letterman Army Institute of Research (LAIR) was built.
 1991: The Presidio sent its few remaining units to war for the last time in Desert Storm, the First Gulf War. The role of the Sixth Army was the management of training and coordinating deployment of Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve units in the Western U.S. for Operation Desert Storm.
 1994: Sixth Army was inactivated, and the Presidio closed as an active U.S. Army installation per BRAC. The Presidio was transferred to the National Park Service.
 1996: Presidio Trust was created to manage the park as part of the Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act of 1996 by the 104th United States Congress.
 2001: Letterman Army Hospital was demolished. Later, the Letterman Digital Arts Center was constructed on the site.
 2005: The Bay School of San Francisco opens in Building 35.
 2009–2015: Doyle Drive Replacement Project – Demolition of the Doyle Drive viaduct, to be replaced by an eight-lane boulevard, including two pairs of tunnels between Crissy Field and the Main Post and a pair of elevated viaducts, at a total project cost of approximately $1 billion. The original Doyle Drive was demolished on April 27–30, 2012.
 2017: The William Penn Mott, Jr. Presidio Visitor Center was opened to the public and is meant to be a focal point for visitors to explore the 1,500 acres of the Presidio grounds. The center is operated by the National Park Service, the Presidio Trust, and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy.

See also

 49-Mile Scenic Drive
 Military Districts in Spanish California

 Rancho San Ramon (Amador)
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks
 Bibliography of California history

References

 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form and accompanying photos

External links

The National Park Service's official site of the Presidio
The Presidio Trust
The National Park Service's official site of the Golden Gate Recreation Area
Moraga's Account of the Founding of San Francisco
Discover Our Shared Heritage "Early History of the California Coast" National Park Service
"Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail" National Park Service
The California State Military Museum, on the Letterman Army Hospital
El Presidio Digital Media Archive (creative commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), mainly The Officer's Club and Fort Scott, using data from a UC Berkeley/CyArk research partnership
Fort Point and Presidio Historical Association

Records of the Presidio Trust in the National Archives (Record Group 556)

Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Parks in San Francisco
Museums in San Francisco
San Francisco
Forts in California
Historic American Buildings Survey in California
Historic American Engineering Record in San Francisco
Military facilities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Military and war museums in California
National Historic Landmarks in the San Francisco Bay Area
National Register of Historic Places in San Francisco
Natural history museums in California
Open-air museums in California
Closed installations of the United States Army
1776 establishments in Alta California
1776 in Alta California
San Francisco Bay Trail
Bay Area Ridge Trail

Presidio of San Francisco


Nordheim Independent School District is a public independent school district based in Nordheim, Texas (USA).

Located in DeWitt County, a small portion of the district extends into Karnes County.

Nordheim ISD has one school that serves students in grades kindergarten through twelve.

In 2010, the school district was rated "exemplary" by the Texas Education Agency.

Schools
 Nordheim High School

References

External links

School districts in DeWitt County, Texas
School districts in Karnes County, Texas

Nordheim Independent School District


The 1954 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1953–54 season. The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage. The Lakers won their third consecutive NBA championship and their fifth title in seven years dating from 1949.

Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories, with the Lakers winning the decisive game by a seven-point margin at home. The seven games were played in thirteen days, beginning Wednesday, March 31 and concluding Monday, April 12. The entire postseason tournament spanned 28 days in which both Minneapolis and Syracuse played 13 games.

Series summary

Lakers win series 4–3

Team rosters

Minneapolis Lakers

Syracuse Nationals
 3 King
 4 Schayes
 5 Seymour
 8 Osterkorn
 11 Lloyd
 12 Masino
 15 Kenville
 16 Lavoy
 17 Neal
 Coach Cervi

Television
Game two was the first NBA Finals contest to be carried live on national television, with the DuMont network providing the coverage. Game five was also aired by DuMont, featuring Marty Glickman doing play-by-play and Lindsey Nelson as the color analyst.

References

External links
 1954 Finals at NBA.com
 1954 NBA Playoffs at Basketball-Reference.com

National Basketball Association Finals
Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
NBA Finals
Basketball competitions in Minneapolis
1950s in Minneapolis
March 1954 sports events in the United States
April 1954 sports events in the United States
Basketball competitions in Syracuse, New York

1954 NBA Finals


Klang (also known as Kelang) is the royal capital of Selangor, Malaysia. A popular harbour called Port Klang is located there. It is one of the busiest ports in the world.

History
 1867 - 1874 Klang War
 1880 - 1889 Klang became the capital of Selangor.
 1945 - Klang Town Authority formed.
 1954 - Klang Town Council formed (27.5 km²)
 1971 - Klang District Council formed, including areas surrounding Kapar and Meru towns.
 1974 - 1977 - Capital of Selangor when Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory and before Shah Alam was made the capital of Selangor.
 1977 - Klang Municipal Council formed (60.9 km²)

Weather
In Klang, it rains all year round. The monthly rainfall is slightly higher here in April and November. It might be because of the monsoon season.

The average temperature in Klang is around 25°C to 36°C (77°F to 96.8°F). There is no distinct seasonal difference in temperature in the town. Klang is hot and humid throughout the year.

Districts
There are two districts in Klang, Klang North and Klang South. Both are divided by a river called the Klang River.

Famous Local Food
Klang is famous for its Bak Kut Teh, a herbal soup which contains pork. Klang is also famous for its Rojak Klang.

Another popular delicacy here is the "Cendol Klang". The stall was opened in 1972.

Other websites
 Klang Municipal Council website
 ODP's Klang category
 Klang travel guide at Wikivoyage
 Klang Community eSpace Forum
   Port Klang Free Trade Zone
  Klang North Port

Cities in Malaysia
Selangor

Klang


Flow-shop scheduling is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling. In a general job-scheduling problem, we are given n jobs J1, J2, ..., Jn of varying processing times, which need to be scheduled on m machines with varying processing power, while trying to minimize the makespan – the total length of the schedule (that is, when all the jobs have finished processing). In the specific variant known as flow-shop scheduling, each job contains exactly m operations. The i-th operation of the job must be executed on the i-th machine. No machine can perform more than one operation simultaneously. For each operation of each job, execution time is specified.

Flow-shop scheduling is a special case of job-shop scheduling where there is strict order of all operations to be performed on all jobs. Flow-shop scheduling may apply as well to production facilities as to computing designs. A special type of flow-shop scheduling problem is the permutation flow-shop scheduling problem in which the processing order of the jobs on the resources is the same for each subsequent step of processing.

In the standard three-field notation for optimal-job-scheduling problems, the flow-shop variant is denoted by F in the first field. For example, the problem denoted by " F3||" is a 3-machines flow-shop problem with unit processing times, where the goal is to minimize the maximum completion time.

Formal definition
There are m machines and n jobs. Each job contains exactly m operations. The i-th operation of the job must be executed on the i-th machine. No machine can perform more than one operation simultaneously. For each operation of each job, execution time is specified.

Operations within one job must be performed in the specified order. The first operation gets executed on the first machine, then (as the first operation is finished) the second operation on the second machine, and so on until the m-th operation. Jobs can be executed in any order, however. Problem definition implies that this job order is exactly the same for each machine. The problem is to determine the optimal such arrangement, i.e. the one with the shortest possible total job execution makespan.

Sequencing performance measurements (γ)
The sequencing problem can be stated as determining a sequence S such that one or several sequencing objectives are optimized.
 (Average) Flow time,
 Makespan, Cmax
 (Average) Tardiness,
 ....
detailed discussion of performance measurement can be found in Malakooti(2013).

Complexity of flow-shop scheduling
As presented by Garey et al. (1976), most of extensions of the flow-shop-scheduling problems are NP-hard and few of them can be solved optimally in O(nlogn); for example, F2|prmu|Cmax can be solved optimally by using Johnson's Rule.

Taillard provides substantial benchmark problems for scheduling flow shops, open shops, and job shops.

Solution methods
The proposed methods to solve flow-shop-scheduling problems can be classified as exact algorithm such as branch and bound and heuristic algorithm such as genetic algorithm.

Minimizing makespan, Cmax

F2|prmu|Cmax and F3|prmu|Cmax can be solved optimally by using Johnson's Rule but for general case there is no algorithm that guarantee the optimality of the solution.

The flow shop contains n jobs simultaneously available at time zero and to be processed by two machines arranged in series with unlimited storage in between them. The processing time of all jobs are known with certainty. It is required to schedule n jobs on machines so as to minimize makespan. The Johnson's rule for scheduling jobs in two-machine flow shop is given below.

In an optimal schedule, job i precedes job j if min{p1i,p2j} < min{p1j,p2i}. Where as, p1i is the processing time of job i on machine 1 and p2i is the processing time of job i on machine 2. Similarly, p1j and p2j are processing times of job j on machine 1 and machine 2 respectively.

For Johnson's algorithm:
Let p1j be the processing time of job j on machine 1
and p2j the processing time of job j on machine 2

Johnson's algorithm:
 Form set1 containing all the jobs with p1j < p2j
 Form set2 containing all the jobs with p1j > p2j, the jobs with p1j = p2j may be put in either set.
 Form the sequence as follows:
 (i) The job in set1 go first in the sequence and they go in increasing order of p1j (SPT)
 (ii) The jobs in set2 follow in decreasing order of p2j (LPT). Ties are broken arbitrarily.
This type schedule is referred as SPT(1)–LPT(2) schedule.

A detailed discussion of the available solution methods are provided by Malakooti (2013).

See also

 Open-shop scheduling
 Job-shop scheduling

References

Optimal scheduling
Workflow technology
Engineering management

Flow-shop scheduling


WRDV is a U.S. public radio station serving some northern suburbs of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area. The radio station studio is located in Hatboro and the broadcast tower in Warminster. WRDV's program hosts are volunteers who frequently play their own album collections on the air.

Programming
Music selection varies widely by host.  Some of the music includes blues, country, jazz, 1920s and 1930s big band, doo-wop, A cappella, soul, Rhythm and Blues, beautiful music and polka.

History
WRDV began broadcasting on Sept 6, 1976 as WCSD, a 10-watt radio station located at the former William Tennent High School on Street Road. Its call letters are the initials of the station's original owner, the Centennial School District. In 1980 the station license was transferred from the School District to the Bux-Mont Educational Radio Association and the station relocated to the basement of the Warminster Township Building/Police Department at Henry and Gibson Avenues in Warminster, Pennsylvania.  It began operations there on May 15, 1980, after a 16-month period of silence. In 1981 it increased power to 200 watts and in 1986 changed call letters to WRDV which stand for "Radio in the Delaware Valley." In 1987 WRDV began the "Delaware Valley Radio Network" by simulcasting on a translator in Sellersville/Quakertown at 88.7 and, in 1988, adding a translator at 91.9 FM in Lawrenceville/Trenton.

Also in the late eighties, several members of the station management launched sister station WDVR 89.7 FM, which is now located in Sergeantsville, New Jersey.

In the nineties, 89.3 WRDV increased power to 1000 watts and WRDV's 91.9 relay was reassigned to relay WDVR in Princeton. The Sellersville transmitter was closed and the FCC cancelled its license in 1998. WRDV later added 10-Watt translator relay W297AD at 107.3 in Philadelphia and 84 watt relay W300AA at 107.9 FM in Bensalem, PA. In the late nineties WRDV relocated its studios to Hatboro, Pennsylvania and began simulcasting WRDV programming on co-owned WLBS in Bristol, PA at 100-watts at 91.7 FM. On May 25, 2004, WRDV changed the Bensalem frequency to 97.1 FM, with calls
of W246AR. Today WRDV operates with 1600 watts of power from its Warminster transmitter site where its transmitter has operated since 1980.

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References
Sellersville Translator and License: http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Mass_Media/Public_Notices/Brdcst_Actions/ac990507.txt

Levittown Relay:
http://www.bostonradio.org/nerw/nerw-020617.html

WRDV Power increase, WLBS, Philadelphia Relay:
http://paradio.tripod.com/philadfm.htm

WDVR-FM, 91.9 FM relay:
http://www.wdvrfm.org/

External links
WRDV website
Listen online

RDV
Community radio stations in the United States

WRDV


Schauwenburg Castle () in Bertrange in south-western Luxembourg has a history dating back to the Middle Ages when, according to historical references from the early 13th century, the Lords of Bertrange occupied a fortified castle. Today's building originated in the 16th century as testified by the Renaissance windows on the eastern and northern wings, the façade being completed in 1710. Around 1780, the d'Huart family who lived in the castle found the facilities too small and constructed a larger building, the Château de Colnet d'Huart, in the vicinity. Over the year, the Schauwenburg Castle has had many different owners and has been used for a variety of purposes. Since 2008, it has temporarily housed the Commune's administrative offices and served as the town hall.

See also
List of castles in Luxembourg

References

Castles in Luxembourg
Bertrange
City and town halls in Luxembourg
Architecture in Luxembourg

Schauwenburg Castle


Passione is a 2010 documentary film directed by John Turturro. It was filmed on location in Naples, Italy. The film was released in the United States in June 2011.

Plot
Passione chronicles the rich Neapolitan musical heritage, tracing the influences of  European, African and Arabic cultures, while touching on the Canzone napoletana (Neapolitan song) tradition. The film features dozens of contemporary solo performers and ensembles who are currently established on the city's music scene, including Fiorenza Calogero, Pietra Montecorvino, James Senese, Peppe Barra, Fausto Cigliano, and Rosario Fiorello.

The film also explores the city's music history with archival footage and accounts of such historic artists as Enrico Caruso, Sergio Bruni, Massimo Ranieri, and Renato Carosone.

Passione is the fourth film directed by Turturro, who is primarily known for his film and television acting roles. In addition to co-writing the screenplay, he appears on-camera sporadically, serving as tour guide, cultural commentator, and occasional extra in music shoots. Scenes were filmed at San Domenico Maggiore's Square, at Castel dell'Ovo, at Castel Sant'Elmo and at Solfatara.

Critical reception
The film received positive reviews from film critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 89% of professional critics gave the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.2 out of 10.

Soundtrack and interpreters
 Carmela (Mina)
 Vesuvio (Spakka - Neapolis 55)
 Era de maggio (Avion Travel and Mísia)
 I te vurria vasa' (Valentina Ok)
 Dicitencello vuje (Riccardo Ciccarelli)
 Malafemmena (Massimo Ranieri and Lina Sastri)
 Maruzzella (Gennaro Cosmo Parlato)
 Comme facette mammeta (Pietra Montecorvino, arranged by Eugenio Bennato)
 Antica ninna nanna partenope (Don Alfonzo)
 'O Sole mio (Sergio Bruni, Massimo Ranieri, M'Barka Ben Taleb)
 Bammenella (Angela Luce)
 Don Raffaè (Peppe Barra)
 Passione (James Senese)
 Nun te scurda' (Almamegretta with Raiz, Pietra Montecorvino, M'Barka Ben Taleb)
 Tammurriata  (Peppe Barra, Max Casella, M'Barka Ben Taleb)
 Pistol Packing Mama (Al Dexter & His Troopers)
 Catari' (Fausto Cigliano)
 Caravan petrol (Fiorello, Max Casella, John Turturro)
 'O Sole mio (Renato Carosone, piano)
  'A Vucchella (Enrico Caruso)
 Marechiare (Fernando De Lucia)
 Faccia Gialla (Enzo Avitabile, Bottari, Scorribanda)
 Canto delle lavandaie del Vomero (Daniela Fiorentino, Fiorenza Calogero, Lorena Tamaggio)
 Dove sta Zazà? (Pietra Montecorvino, Max Casella)
 Indifferentemente (Mísia)
 Sangh'e (James Senese)
 Napule è (Pino Daniele)

References

External links

"John Turturro's Passione Stays True to the Music," Irwin Chusid, Film Comment (review), Sept.-Oct. 2011

Films directed by John Turturro
Italian documentary films
Films about music and musicians
2010 films
Films shot in Naples

Passione (2010 film)


Yahballaha I was bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, grand metropolitan and primate of the Church of the East from 415 to 420.  He is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East. During his tenure he conducted the second council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in his episcopate, addressing tensions rising with the church in the Roman Empire.

Sources
Brief accounts of Yahballaha's reign are given in the Ecclesiastical Chronicle of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century).  His life is also covered in the Chronicle of Seert.  In all these accounts he is anachronistically called 'catholicus', a term that was only applied to the primates of the Church of the East towards the end of the fifth century.

Modern assessments of his reign can be found in Wigram's Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church and David Wilmshurst's The Martyred Church.

Yahballaha's reign
The following account of Yahballaha's reign is given by Bar Hebraeus:

After Ahai, Yahballaha.  His name means 'gift of God'.  He was a pious and learned man, and was consecrated in the sixteenth year  of Yazdegerd, king of the Persians.  He is said to have brought back to life a dead man.  He was held in great honour by the Persians.  When he had fulfilled his office for five years he was warned by the spirit that Yazdegerd was about to return to his insanity and launch a further persecution against the Christians.  Then, as he had sought in prayer, he departed to God.

See also
 List of patriarchs of the Church of the East

Notes

References
 Abbeloos, J. B., and Lamy, T. J., Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (3 vols, Paris, 1877)
 Assemani, J. A., De Catholicis seu Patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum (Rome, 1775)
 Brooks, E. W., Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum (Rome, 1910)
 Gismondi, H., Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria I: Amri et Salibae Textus (Rome, 1896)
 Gismondi, H., Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria II: Maris textus arabicus et versio Latina (Rome, 1899)
Wigram, William Ainger, An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church (London, 1910).
Wilmshurst, David, The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East (London, 2011).

External links

Syrian archbishops
Patriarchs of the Church of the East
5th-century bishops of the Church of the East
Christians in the Sasanian Empire

Yahballaha I


Drancy internment camp was a concentration camp in France during its occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was organised in 1941 to collect French Jews and particularly foreign Jews who had escaped to France before the invasion by the Germans. After that, they were put on railroad carts and sent east, to concentration camps, from which most did not return alive. Nearly 70,000 people were rounded up, including resistance fighters, Roma people, and others considered "undesirable". Until 1943, the camp was administered by French police under German supervision. After this, the French were removed and replaced by German SS men led by Alois Brunner, which increased the efficiency of the deportations.

When the camp was liberated in 1944, about 1,500 people remained. Brunner was later tried (in absence) and sentenced to death, but remained at large until his death in 2010.

Nazi concentration camps
Buildings and structures in France
Seine-Saint-Denis

Drancy internment camp


Streptokinase (STK) is a medication used to dissolve blood clots (thrombolysis) in human body. Streptokinase is used mainly treat heart attacks (Myocardia Infarction). There are 2 main types of heart attacks; STEMI and non-STEMI and Streptokinase is only used in STEMI type heart attacks after confirming with an ECG. It is given as an injection into a vein.

Uses
 Heart attack (STEMI Type)
 Pulmonary embolism - Blood clots in arteries of Lungs
 Arterial thromboembolism - Blood clots formed in arteries

Side effects
Common side effects of Streptokinase are;

 Nausea
 Bleeding tendency
 Low blood pressure
 Allergic reactions

It is not recommended to use streptokinase during the lifetime of a person more than once due to the risk of developing allergic reactions.

Discovery
Streptokinase was discovered in 1933 by American microbiologist, William S. Tillett, from a bacteria known as beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Streptokinase is no longer used in hospitals to treat heart attacks in many countries including United States and replaced by a medication called Tenecteplase which has less side effects.

References

Drugs
Enzymes

Streptokinase


Klaus-Peter Thaler (born 14 May 1949 in Eckmannshausen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a former professional cyclist whose career spanned from 1976 to 1988, he was successful in road-racing and cyclo-cross. He was world cyclo-cross champion twice as amateur and twice as professional and German champion eight times.

Biography
Thaler studied at the University of Siegen.
In 1976, Thaler entered the Olympic Games, in the road race. He finished in ninth place. He turned professional one year later.

In the 1978 Tour de France, Thaler led the race for two days, after his team won the team time trial.

Thaler organises the Tour of Hope bicycle charity ride, and was given the Pierre de Coubertin medal for that in 2005.

Career achievements

Major results
Source:
 World Champion Cyclo-cross: 1985,1987
 German champion cyclo-cross: 1976,1977,1978,1979,1982,1986,1987,1988
 German cycling road champion for amateurs: 1976
 Vuelta a Andalucía 1977: Stage 1B
 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré 1979: Stage 1
 Paris–Nice 1980: Stage 5

Tour de France results
Source:
 1977 Tour de France: did not finish, won stage 9
 1978 Tour de France: 35th place, won stage 3, wore the yellow jersey for 2 days
 1979 Tour de France: 37th place
 1980 Tour de France: 49th place
 1981 Tour de France: 90th place

References

1949 births
Living people
People from Siegen-Wittgenstein
Sportspeople from Arnsberg (region)
German male cyclists
Cyclo-cross cyclists
German Tour de France stage winners
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
University of Siegen alumni
UCI Cyclo-cross World Champions (men)
Cyclists from North Rhine-Westphalia
Olympic cyclists for West Germany
West German male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
German Vuelta a España stage winners

Klaus-Peter Thaler