Ghost Story is a 1981 American supernatural horror film directed by John Irvin and starring Fred Astaire, Melvyn Douglas, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., John Houseman, Craig Wasson, and Alice Krige. Based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Peter Straub, it follows a group of elderly businessmen in New England who gather to recount their involvement in a woman's death decades prior when one of them suspects her ghost has been haunting him.

Ghost Story was the final film for Astaire and Fairbanks, the final completed film for Douglas (he died four months before the film's release), and the first film to feature Michael O'Neill. The film was shot in Woodstock, Vermont; Saratoga Springs, New York; and at Stetson University in DeLand, Florida. Ghost Story was released in the United States on December 18, 1981.

Plot
During the frigid winter of 1979, in the small New England town of Milburn, four elderly friends—businessman Ricky Hawthorne, lawyer Sears James, physician John Jaffrey, and Mayor Edward Charles Wanderley—form the Chowder Society, an informal men's club who get together each week to share tales of horror. Edward's son David, living in New York City, falls from his apartment window after seeing a girl he's been sleeping with suddenly turn into a living corpse. His other son, Don, comes home at Edward's request. Sometime after David's funeral, Edward sees him walking through town during a snowstorm and follows him to a bridge, where he disappears. Calling out to his dead son, Edward suddenly sees a female apparition and he falls to his death. Two escaped patients from a mental asylum, Gregory and Fenny Bate, have taken up residence in the old Eva Galli house, now in ruins.

Doubting his father committed suicide, Don approaches the remaining three friends and tells them a "ghost" story to gain membership into the Chowder Society. In a flashback, Don tells the story of how he, a college professor in Florida, began an affair with a mysterious secretary named Alma, soon becoming engaged. Alma insisted she wanted to marry Don in his home town of Milburn but he was reluctant. Don soon began to suspect that something was wrong with Alma, especially when he touched her one night and realized she was as cold as a corpse. Don eventually broke things off with a furious Alma, who disappeared from his life. He fell into a depression, costing him his reputation and his job. A month later, Don called David and learned to his horror that he had become engaged to Alma. He desperately tried to warn David but his brother scoffed at the warning. Don then shows the three elders an old photograph he's found among his father's possessions, showing a young woman who looks identical to Alma. John, realizing what has happened, pleads with his friends to tell the truth but is rebuffed.

The next day, John has a nightmare about Alma and dies of a heart attack. Sears and Ricky finally explain to Don that, in the spring of 1929, the four friends became smitten with a young flirtatious girl named Eva Galli. Edward first took her to bed but he was impotent with her. Outside her house, the other three friends serenaded Eva in hopes of catching a glimpse of her when Edward came to the window instead, giving the impression that he'd slept with her. After the four went out and became drunk, they returned to the house and all but Sears danced with Eva. When it was proposed that they leave, Sears suggestively insisted on getting his dance. Eva begins to tell them the truth about her dalliance with Edward when he leapt to silence her, causing her to smash her head on a stone mantelpiece. Assuming Eva to be dead, they loaded her body into her car and pushed it into a nearby pond. As the car descended, Eva stirred inside, screaming and hammering at the back window as the car sank.

Back in the present, Ricky and Don believe that Alma and Eva are the same woman and that her ghost has returned to seek revenge. Don suggests they go to Eva's old house to confront her ghost once and for all. There, Don falls through the rotting stairs and breaks his leg. Sears leaves in his car to seek help, leaving Don and Ricky behind. While driving through the snowstorm, Sears comes upon Eva's apparition. He survives being swerved off the road but is attacked and killed by Fenny Bate, one of Eva's accomplices. Ricky realizes that something has happened to Sears and leaves to get help. He's picked up by Gregory Bate, who tells him of Eva's plans for them both but Ricky stabs him and escapes. Ricky tells the authorities to pull Eva's car up from the lake to reveal her body inside. This is intercut with Don, who confronts the rotting specter of Alma/Eva. Ricky and the authorities drag out the car and wrench open the rusted, corroded door. The rotting corpse of Eva falls harmlessly to the ground. Now that the truth about Eva is known, Don is spared from her vengeance and the town is restored to peace.

Cast

Production

Conception
Universal Pictures had purchased the rights to Peter Straub's novel, Ghost Story, in 1978 for $225,000. English director John Irvin was asked to direct the film by producer Burt Weissbourd on the basis of his direction of Haunted: The Ferryman, a British television film. Upon reading Straub's novel and Lawrence D. Cohen's screenplay, Irvin envisioned the narrative as being about hypocrisy and principally "men's fear of women, and at some point, hatred." Irvin, who was a newcomer in Hollywood, hired several British film makers as part of his team and stated that the film's cinematography was intended to be "European" in appearance and to "look like a Christmas card".

Filming
Principal photography took place in Saratoga Springs, New York and Woodstock, Vermont. Interiors of the abandoned home in the film were crafted inside the former Union Station in Albany, New York, while shooting for the Florida-based scenes was completed in Deland and New Smyrna Beach, Florida; scenes set in New York City were shot on location (in Waterside Plaza). Additional photography took place at Universal Studios in Los Angeles, California. According to Irvin, the filming process was emotionally turbulent for star Fred Astaire, who confided in Irvin that he felt he was going to die or be murdered while shooting the film, and at one point considered dropping out of the production.

Special makeup effects
The film's special makeup effects were designed by makeup artist Dick Smith. Smith and a team of artists created multiple life-sized puppets of Eva/Alma in different stages of decay. Smith also created a "faceless" dummy with a gaping mouth and no eyes that was to be used as an apparition of Eva, but it ultimately was not included in the final film. The "eyeless apparition" design was later utilized in a hallucination sequence in the 1999 film House on Haunted Hill, with Smith receiving credit for the design.

Release

Box office
Universal Pictures vied for a Christmastime release for the film based on its wintry setting, and had originally slated a tentative release date of December 11, 1981. Advance test screenings were held between October 9 and 11, 1981, in Denver, Colorado and Boston, Massachusetts. The film opened in the United States with a wide release two months later on December 18, 1981. Limited engagement screenings of the film took place on December 16. It grossed a total of $23,371,905 at the United States box office, and was the third-highest grossing horror film of 1981 and the 34th-highest grosser of the year.

Critical response
Critical reception was mixed to negative upon release. Rotten Tomatoes gave it a 29% "rotten" rating based on 31 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the film a favorable review, praising the performances and considering it an improvement on Straub's novel. In The New York Times, Vincent Canby had the opposite view, also praising the performances but feeling that the movie oversimplified Straub's story and themes. He also criticized the central mystery and revelation as "humdrum" and anticlimactic after a strong build-up. Variety agreed with Canby that the filmmakers failed to translate Straub's novel to screen, stating that there were "isolated and excellent moments separated by artful but ordinary sketches." Rex Reed of the New York Daily News similarly noted the film's cast as "wasted," and lambasted the film as a "horrible" adaptation of the source novel.

The Time Out film guide deemed it a "disastrous distillation of Peter Straub's overrated but at least tolerably coherent novel." TV Guide awarded the film two out of four stars, criticizing Cohen's screenplay, but adding: "Director John Irvin does manage to evoke some mood and atmosphere from the snowy New England setting, and the performances from the four veteran lead players are enjoyable."

In 1982, the film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Horror Film.

Home media
Ghost Story was released on DVD on March 25, 1998, by Image Entertainment. Universal repressed the DVD with an alternate cover art, which was released September 7, 2004. The film received its first Blu-ray release in the United States on November 24, 2015, by Scream Factory. This release featured new bonus material, including an audio commentary with director John Irvin, as well as interviews with Peter Straub, Alice Krige, Lawrence D. Cohen, Burt Weissbourd, and Bill Taylor.

See also
 List of ghost films

References

Sources

External links

1981 films
1981 horror films
1980s ghost films
American ghost films
American haunted house films
American supernatural horror films
American films about revenge
Films based on American horror novels
Films based on works by Peter Straub
Films set in abandoned houses
Films set in the United States
Films shot in Florida
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in New York (state)
Films shot in Vermont
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by John Irvin
Films scored by Philippe Sarde
1980s English-language films
1980s American films

Ghost Story (1981 film)


Boy Called Twist, is a 2004 film that tells the story of a Cape Town street kid, based on Charles Dickens' classic 1838 novel Oliver Twist. It was the first film directed by Timothy Greene.  Fundraising for the film involved small donations from a thousand investors, leading to the longest Associate Producers listing in the history of cinema.

Plot
Twist's mother dies in childbirth in the middle of nowhere. Fearing blame, the locals bury her in an unmarked grave and drop the baby off at a rural orphanage, where he is named Twist.

Growing up in the dusty wastes of the Swartland, sold from orphanage into child labour on the farms, and later to a rural undertaker, Twist finally takes his fate into his own hands and escapes to Cape Town. Wide eyed at the wonders of the city, he falls in with Fagin - an ancient Ethiopian Rastafarian who runs a network of child thieves. His new friend Dodger teaches him the tricks of the trade, but the inexperienced Twist is caught trying to steal from Ebrahim Bassedien.

Although neither understand it, there is a strange affinity between this old man - who has lost his daughter - and the young boy who never knew his mother. Bassedien takes the little stroller in and for a moment it seems that the trauma is over - as the little boy encounters love for the first time in his short and brutal life.

Enter Monks - the only person who knows Twist's true identity. He is paying Fagin to keep the little boy marginalised. If he ends up in jail or dead on the street, so much the better, for Monks stands to lose his inheritance if anybody ever discovers that Twist is Bassedien's grandson.

The brutal gangster Bill Sykes, and his prostitute girlfriend, Nancy, steal Twist back for Fagin, and the struggle for a little boy's soul begins in earnest.

Release

18 November 2004.

Cast

Jarrid Geduld as Twist

Bart Fouche as Bill Sikes

Lesley Fong as Fagan

Kim Engelbrecht as Nancy

References

External links
Boy called Twist official site

2004 films
2000s English-language films
English-language South African films
Films based on Oliver Twist
Films about orphans
Films shot in South Africa
2004 drama films
South African drama films

Films set in Cape Town

Boy Called Twist


The Golf Course Allotments are allotments in the Muswell Hill area of North London, United Kingdom. At over 11.5 acres they are the second largest allotment site in the London Borough of Haringey (who also owns them). As with nearly all allotment sites in the borough it is (mostly) run by the site's association, the Golf Course Allotment's Association (GCAA).

History
The land was once farmland, as was most of this part of North London. Bluebell Wood, which is next door to the allotments, once formed part of an ancient wood called Tottenham Wood. It is possible that this same wood once covered the allotments.

In 1893 the Muswell Hill Golf Club was founded. The club had a course that covered the allotment site. During the First World War they were forced to give up the lease on part of the course for allotment gardening. The golf club never got the land back after the war, and the allotments have been there since.

The GCAA was originally founded in the 1940s as a local allotment and horticultural society with the betterment of allotment sites as an aim. Over time it focused on the Golf Course Allotments over others, subsequently changing its name to reflect this.

The site today
Today the allotment has over 230 plots gardened by over 250 tenants. There is a shop for plot holders, a composting toilet, and a community hall. Throughout the year are events such as cafés and parties which raise funds to improve the site. The site is open to the public one day a year during the Summer Show. Normally held in early September, the Show is opened with the National Gardens Scheme.

As of 2022, the wait time for an allotment plot is four years.

References

External links
Golf Course Allotment's Association (includes information on how to apply for a plot, and the Show)
London Borough of Haringey Allotments page

London Borough of Haringey
Urban agriculture

Golf Course Allotments


The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) is a judicial body, composed of experts from all the 47 member States of the Council of Europe and prepares tools to improve the efficiency and functioning of justice in Europe (including granting observer status to and consultations with non-governmental organisations outside of Europe).

The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) is made up of experts of the 47 member states of the Council of Europe and develops tools aimed at improving the efficiency and the functioning of justice in Europe.
Its tasks are to :
 Analyse the results of judicial systems;
 Identify the problems they might meet;
 Define concrete means to, first, improve evaluation of performances of the judicial system and then, the functioning of those systems;
 Improve the implementation of existing Council of Europe instruments and suggest, if necessary, new instruments;
 Provide assistance to a state, at its request.
In order to realize those tasks, the CEPEJ elaborates indicators, collects and analyses data, defines measures and means of evaluation, drafts various documents (reports, opinions, guidelines, action plans, etc.), develops links with research institutes and documentation centre, invite qualified persons, NGO, conduct hearings, develops networks of judicial professionals.

The CEPEJ Presidents became:
 Eberhard Desch (Germany) 2002–2006,
 Fausto de Santis (Italy) 2007–2010,
 John Stacey (United Kingdom) 2011–2014,
 Georg Stawa (Austria) 2015–2018,
 Ramin Gurbanov (Azerbaijan) 2018–2022.
 Francesco Depasquale (Malta) 2023–present.

References

External links
 Website of the European Commission for the efficiency of justice

Council of Europe


Labor burden is the actual cost of a company to have an employee, aside from the salary the employee earns. Labor burden costs include benefits that a company must, or chooses to, pay for employees included on their payroll. These costs include but are not limited to payroll taxes, pension costs, health insurance, dental insurance, and any other benefits that a company provides an employee.

Fully-burdened costs for individual employees can be expressed as a yearly total to provide an estimate of how much the company will spend that year on an employee. It can also be expressed as an hourly cost by dividing the total yearly cost by the number of hours the employee will work.

See also
 Direct labor cost
 Overhead (business)
 Wage

References

Construction

Labor burden


The Dunkirk evacuation, also called Operation Dynamo or The Miracle of Dunkirk, was a British mission to rescue Allied soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk France, from 26 May to 4 June 1940. Over 300,000 Allied soldiers were trapped in Dunkirk by the German Army after the Battle of Dunkirk. For some reason, the German commanders did not order an attack against the surrounded city. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill then ordered all available ships and boats to head for Dunkirk to pick up the soldiers.

Over 900 ships participated in the evacuation. Many were fishing and pleasure boats, but some larger ships also took part. Originally, the intention was to pick up 40,000 British soldiers, and it was anticipated that the Germans would try to stop them. On the first day, only 8,000 soldiers were picked up from the harbour but none from the beach. On the second day, 17,000 soldiers were evacuated, including some from the beaches. On the third day, 47,000 soldiers were successfully rescued. On the fourth day, the number was 54,000, including the first French soldiers. On the fifth and the sixth days, the evacuation reached its peak, when over 60,000 Allied soldiers escaped. On the seventh day, nearly all the British had left, but the boats continued to pick up 26,000 soldiers a day, nearly all of whom were French. Evacuation ended after nine days, when 200,000 British soldiers and 140,000 French soldiers had escaped to Britain.

The Battle of Dunkirk was a great defeat for the British and Allied forces, but most of the British Army in France and part of the French Army escaped to fight again. They lost almost all their tanks, big guns, and other heavy equipment.

World War II
May 1940 events
June 1940 events
1940 in France
Dunkirk

Dunkirk evacuation


Joseph Andrew Slusarski (born December 19, 1966) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1991 to 2001 for the Oakland Athletics, Milwaukee Brewers, Houston Astros, and Atlanta Braves.

He helped the Athletics win the 1992 American League Western Division, the Astros win the 1999 and 2001 National League Central Division, and the Braves win the 2001 NL Eastern Division.

In 7 seasons he had a record of 13-21 in 118 games, with a 5.18 ERA.  He was fired as pitching coach for the Frisco RoughRiders on May 20, 2009 and replaced by Jeff Andrews after the RoughRiders went 18-18 with a 4.56 ERA to begin the season.

External links

Major League Baseball replacement players
1966 births
Living people
Modesto A's players
Huntsville Stars players
Tacoma Tigers players
Reading Phillies players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Jackson Generals (Texas League) players
New Orleans Privateers baseball players
Richmond Braves players
Oakland Athletics players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Houston Astros players
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Indianapolis
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players at the 1987 Pan American Games
Baseball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Sinon Bulls players
American people of Polish descent
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in baseball
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Lincoln Land Loggers baseball players
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
American expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Baseball players from Springfield, Illinois

Joe Slusarski


Bliss Botsford (November 26, 1813 – April 5, 1890) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1851 to 1854, from 1856 to 1861 and from 1866 to 1870.

He was born in Sackville, New Brunswick, the son of William Botsford and Sarah Lowell Murray who was the daughter of William Hazen. He studied at King's College in Fredericton but did not receive a degree. Botsford then studied law with William End, was called to the bar in 1838 and set up practice at the Bend of Petitcodiac (incorporated as Moncton in 1855). In 1842, he married Jane Chapman.

Botsford was named mayor of Moncton in 1862 and promptly had the town's incorporation act repealed so that its municipal debt would be spread across the county. Moncton was later incorporated again in 1875 after becoming a major railway centre for the province.

Botsford was an opponent of Confederation. He served as speaker for the Legislative Assembly from 1867 to 1870 and as a member of the Executive Council of New Brunswick, was Surveyor General from April 5, 1865 to April 14, 1866.

In 1870, Bliss Botsford was named judge for the court for Westmorland and Albert counties. He was also a major in the county militia and an active Freemason.

Botsford died in Moncton at the age of 76 after collapsing while descending a flight of stairs and then falling out through a window.

References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
The Canadian parliamentary companion HJ Morgan (1869)

1813 births
1890 deaths
Lawyers in New Brunswick
Judges in New Brunswick
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Mayors of Moncton
Canadian people of English descent
People from Sackville, New Brunswick

Bliss Botsford


The Adena Court Apartments are an apartment building in downtown Zanesville, Ohio, United States.  Built in 1906, the apartments are a well-preserved example of the Colonial Revival style of architecture of the early twentieth century.

This three-story apartment building was built for Charles M. Lenhart, a Zanesfield doctor.  Born in the countryside of Muskingum County, Lenhart was a leading physician at two Zanesfield hospitals, as well as maintaining his own practice on South Fourth Street in downtown.  Consequently, when he decided to erect an apartment building, it was constructed to accommodate his older property; the core of the building is Lenhart's house-and-office building.  The unknown architect that he hired to design this structure employed brick for the exterior, along with details of stone and metal.  With the structure complete, Lenhart and his family moved into one of the apartments, while another part of the building became his office.

In 1980, the Adena Court Apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their well-preserved historic architecture.

References

Residential buildings completed in 1906
Apartment buildings in Ohio
Colonial Revival architecture in Ohio
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Zanesville, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Muskingum County, Ohio
1906 establishments in Ohio

Adena Court Apartments


Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 104 (P. Oxy. 104 or P. Oxy. I 104) is a will, written in Greek and discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The document was written on 26 December 96. It is currently housed in the Cambridge University Library (Add. Ms. 4042).

Description
The document contains the will of Soëris, daughter of Harpocras, executed in the 16th year of Domitian.  She leaves her house and its contents to her son Areotes or his heirs, with the condition that her husband Atreus be allowed to live in it and to receive from Areotes 48 drachmae per year until the payments reach a total of 300 drachmae.  Soëris owed this money to Atreus.  On the death of Atreus, Areotes was to pay 40 drachmae to his sister Tnepheros and to provide a home for her in the event of a separation from her husband.  The measurements of the fragment are 170 by 163 mm.

It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

See also
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 103
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 105

References

104
1st-century manuscripts
Manuscripts held by the University of Cambridge

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 104


Richard Lydekker (; 25 July 1849 – 16 April 1915) was an English naturalist, geologist and writer of numerous books on natural history.

Biography
Richard Lydekker was born at Tavistock Square in London. His father was Gerard Wolfe Lydekker, a barrister-at-law with Dutch ancestry. The family moved to Harpenden Lodge soon after Richard's birth. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took a first-class in the Natural Science tripos (1872). In 1874 he joined the Geological Survey of India and made studies of the vertebrate palaeontology of northern India (especially Kashmir). He remained in this post until the death of his father in 1881. His main work in India was on the Siwalik palaeofauna; it was published in Palaeontologia Indica. He was responsible for the cataloguing of the fossil mammals, reptiles, and birds in the Natural History Museum (10 vols., 1891).

He named a variety of taxa including the golden-bellied mangabey; as a taxon authority he is named simply as "Lydekker".

Biogeography

He was influential in the science of biogeography. In 1896 he delineated the biogeographical boundary through Indonesia, known as Lydekker's Line, that separates Wallacea on the west from Australia-New Guinea on the east.  It follows the edge of the Sahul Shelf, an area from New Guinea to Australia of shallow water with the Aru Islands on its edge. Along with Wallace's Line and others, it indicates the definite effect of geology on the biogeography of the region, something not seen so clearly in other parts of the world.

First cuckoo
Lydekker attracted amused public attention with a pair of letters to The Times in 1913, when he wrote on 6 February that he had heard a cuckoo, contrary to Yarrell's History of British Birds which doubted the bird arrived before April. Six days later on 12 February 1913, he wrote again, confessing that "the note was uttered by a bricklayer's labourer". Letters about the first cuckoo became a tradition in the newspaper.

Awards
He received the Lyell Medal from the Geological Society of London in 1902.

Works
 Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History), 5 vols. (1885–1887)
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), 4 vols. (1889)
 A Manual of Palaeontology (with Henry Alleyne Nicholson, 2 vols., 1889)
 Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History) (1891)
 Phases of Animal Life (1892)
 The Royal Natural History (with W. H. Flower), 6 vols., 12 sec. (1893–1896)
 A Hand-book to the Marsupialia and Monotremata (1894)
 Life and Rock: A Collection of Zooogical and Geological Essays (1894)
 A Geographical History of Mammals (1896)
 A Hand-book to the British Mammalia (1896)
 A Handbook to the Carnivora : part 1 : cats, civets, and mongooses (1896)
 The Deer of all Lands : A history of the family Cervidae, living and extinct (1898)
 Wild Oxen, Sheep & Goats of all Lands, Living and Extinct (1898)
 The Wild Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet (1900)
 The great and small game of Europe, western & northern Asia and America (1901)
 The New Natural History 6 vols. (1901)
 Living Races of Mankind: A popular illustrated account of the customs, habits, pursuits, feasts, and ceremonies of the races of mankind throughout the world, 2 vols. (1902), with Henry Neville Hutchinson and John Walter Gregory
 Mostly Mammals: Zoological Essays (1903)
 Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia and Amphibia in the British museum (1906)
 Sir William Flower (1906)
 The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet (rev. ed.) (1907)
 Guide to the Great Game Animals (Ungulata) in British Museum (1907)
 Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family (Equidæ) in British Museum (1907)
 The Game Animals of Africa (1908)
 A Guide to the Domesticated Animals (other than horses) (1908)
 Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins (order Cetacea) (1909)
 A number of articles in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
 Animal Portraiture (1912)
 The Horse and its Relatives (1912)
 The Sheep and its Cousins (1912)
 Catalogue of the heads and horns of Indian big game bequeathed by A. O. Hume ... to the British Museum (Natural History) (1913)
 Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History) 5 vols. (1913–1916)
 Wild life of the World : a descriptive survey of the geographical distribution of animals 3 vols. (1916)

See also
Australia (continent)
Wallace Line
Wallacea
Weber Line

References

External links

1849 births
1915 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Biogeographers
Employees of the Natural History Museum, London
L
English geologists
English zoologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Lyell Medal winners
19th-century naturalists
Zoologists with author abbreviations

Richard Lydekker


The Empire style (, style Empire) is an early-nineteenth-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts, representing the second phase of Neoclassicism. It flourished between 1800 and 1815 during the Consulate and the First French Empire periods, although its life span lasted until the late-1820s. From France it spread into much of Europe and the United States.

The Empire style originated in and takes its name from the rule of the Emperor Napoleon I in the First French Empire, when it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The previous fashionable style in France had been the Directoire style, a more austere and minimalist form of Neoclassicism that replaced the Louis XVI style, and the new Empire style brought a full return to ostentatious richness. The style corresponds somewhat to the Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, and the Regency style in Britain.

History
Directoire style of the immediately preceding period, which aimed at a simpler, but still elegant evocation of the virtues of the Ancient Roman Republic:

The stoic virtues of Republican Rome were upheld as standards not merely for the arts but also for political behaviour and private morality. Conventionels saw themselves as antique heroes. Children were named after Brutus, Solon and Lycurgus. The festivals of the Revolution were staged by David as antique rituals.  Even the chairs in which the committee of Salut Publique sat were made on antique models devised by David. ...In fact Neo-classicism became fashionable.

The Empire style "turned to the florid opulence of Imperial Rome. The abstemious severity of Doric was replaced by Corinthian richness and splendour".

Two French architects, Charles Percier and Pierre Fontaine, were together the creators of the French Empire style. The two had studied in Rome and in the 1790s became leading furniture designers in Paris, where they received many commissions from Napoleon and other statesmen.

Architecture of the Empire style was based on elements of the Roman Empire and its many archaeological treasures, which had been rediscovered starting in the eighteenth century.  The preceding Louis XVI and Directoire styles employed straighter, simpler designs compared to the Rococo style of the eighteenth century.  Empire designs strongly influenced the contemporary American Federal style (such as design of the United States Capitol building), and both were forms of propaganda through architecture.  It was a style of the people, not ostentatious but sober and evenly balanced.  The style was considered to have "liberated" and "enlightened" architecture just as Napoleon "liberated" the peoples of Europe with his Napoleonic Code.

The Empire period was popularized by the inventive designs of Percier and Fontaine, Napoleon's architects for Malmaison.  The designs drew for inspiration on symbols and ornaments borrowed from the glorious ancient Greek and Roman empires.  Buildings typically had simple timber frames and box-like constructions, veneered in expensive mahogany imported from the colonies. Biedermeier furniture also used ebony details, originally due to financial constraints. Ormolu details (gilded bronze furniture mounts and embellishments) displayed a high level of craftsmanship.

General Bernadotte, later to become King Karl Johan of Sweden and Norway, introduced the Napoleonic style to Sweden, where it became known under his own name. The Karl Johan style remained popular in Scandinavia even as the Empire style disappeared from other parts of Europe. France paid some of its debts to Sweden in ormolu bronzes instead of money, leading to a vogue for crystal chandeliers with bronze from France and crystal from Sweden.

After Napoleon lost power, the Empire style continued to be in favour for many decades, with minor adaptations.  There was a revival of the style in the last half of the nineteenth century in France, again at the beginning of the twentieth century, and again in the 1980s.

The style survived in Italy longer than in most of Europe, partly because of its Imperial Roman associations, partly because it was revived as a national style of architecture following the unification of Italy in 1870. Mario Praz wrote about this style as the Italian Empire.  In the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, the Empire style was adapted to local conditions and gradually acquired further expression as the Egyptian Revival, Greek Revival, Biedermeier style, Regency style, and late-Federal style.

Motifs and ornaments
All Empire ornament is governed by a rigorous spirit of symmetry reminiscent of the Louis XIV style. Generally, the motifs on a piece's right and left sides correspond to one another in every detail; when they don't, the individual motifs themselves are entirely symmetrical in composition: antique heads with identical tresses falling onto each shoulder, frontal figures of Victory with symmetrically arrayed tunics, identical rosettes or swans flanking a lock plate, etc. Like Louis XIV, Napoleon had a set of emblems unmistakably associated with his rule, most notably the eagle, the bee, stars, and the initials I (for Imperator) and N (for Napoleon), which were usually inscribed within an imperial laurel crown. Motifs used include: figures of Nike bearing palm branches, Greek dancers, nude and draped women, figures of antique chariots, winged putti, mascarons of Apollo, Hermes and the Gorgon, swans, lions, the heads of oxen, horses and wild beasts, butterflies, claws, winged chimeras, sphinxes, bucrania, sea horses, oak wreaths knotted by thin trailing ribbons, climbing grape vines, poppy rinceaux, rosettes, palm branches, and laurel. There's a lot of Greco-Roman ones: stiff and flat acanthus leaves, palmettes, cornucopias, beads, amphoras, tripods, imbricated disks, caduceuses of Mercury, vases, helmets, burning torches, winged trumpet players, and ancient musical instruments (tubas, rattles and especially lyres). Despite their antique derivation, the fluting and triglyphs so prevalent under Louis XVI are abandoned. Egyptian Revival motifs are especially common at the beginning of the period: scarabs, lotus capitals, winged disks, obelisks, pyramids, figures wearing nemeses, caryatids en gaine supported by bare feet and with women Egyptian headdresses.

Architecture
The most famous Empire-style structures in France are the grand neoclassical Arc de Triomphe of Place de l'Étoile, Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, Vendôme column, and La Madeleine, which were built in Paris to emulate the edifices of the Roman Empire.  The style also was used widely in Imperial Russia, where it was used to celebrate the victory over Napoleon in such memorial structures as the General Staff Building, Kazan Cathedral, Alexander Column, and Narva Triumphal Gate. Stalinist architecture is sometimes referred to as Stalin's Empire style. The Royal Palace of Amsterdam houses a complete collection of Empire furniture from the time of Louis Napoleon, the largest collection outside of France.

Interiors have spacious rooms, richly decorated with symmetrically arranged motifs. The walls are decorated with Corinthian pilasters and vertical panels, having at the top a decorative frieze. The panels are covered with monumental paintings, stuccos, or with embroidered silks. The ceilings have light colours and fine ornaments.

Historic sites which present an homogeneous ensemble, examples of the decoration of interiors of the early 19th century are:
 Château de Malmaison in France
 Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris
 Château de Compiègne in France
 Château de Fontainebleau in France
 Casa del Labrador in Spain
 Royal Palace of Amsterdam in The Netherlands

Furniture

Clocks and candelabrums

Ceramic

Fashion

See also

 American Empire style
 Chariot clock
 Empire silhouette
 French Empire mantel clock
 Indies Empire style
 Lighthouse clock
 Lyre arm
 Neoclassicism in France
 Neoclassical architecture in Milan
 Neo-Grec, the late Greek revival style architecture
 Palace of Fontainebleau
 Second Empire (architecture)

References

External links

Architectural styles
Art movements
Decorative arts
French architectural styles

Revival architectural styles

Empire style


Folk-pop is a musical style that may be 1) contemporary folk songs with large, sweeping pop arrangements, or 2) pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Recording production values created a unblemished style that appealed to a mass audience, and thus led to commercial success as measured by high record sales, particularly as illustrated by hit records reaching the Top 40 on AM radio in the United States. Folk-pop developed during the 1960s folk music and folk rock boom. Key example of folk-pop artists include The Kingston Trio and Peter, Paul and Mary with contracts with major record labels (Capitol Records and Warner Brothers Records, respectively). The commercially successful artists stood in contrast to more politically charged and uncompromising folk music performers such as Joan Baez, Barbara Dane, Odetta, Phil Ochs, Nina Simone and The Weavers, or in more recent decades Tracy Chapman or Ani DiFranco.

Folk-pop is found in many regions internationally.

References

Contemporary folk music
pop
Pop music genres

Folk-pop


Georges Diran Garvarentz (, 1 April 1932 - 19 March 1993) was an Armenian-French composer, noted for his music for films and Charles Aznavour's songs.

Biography
Georges Garvarentz was born in Athens, Greece, to a family of Armenian immigrants. His father, literature professor and poet Kevork Garvarentz, was the author of the Armenian military anthem.

In 1942 Garvarentz's family moved to Paris, France, where Georges attended Conservatoire de Paris.

Career
In 1956 Georges met Charles Aznavour and started writing music for his songs. Together they wrote over 100 songs, including "Prends garde à toi" (1956), "Et pourtant" (1962), "Il faut saisir sa chance" (1962), "Retiens la nuit" (1962), "La plus belle pour aller danser" (1964), "Hier encore" (1964), "Paris au mois d'août" ("Paris in August", 1966), "Une vie d'amour" (1980).

The period from the latter half of the 1980s until Garvarentz's death in 1993 represented one of the most productive and enduring periods of collaboration with Aznavour. Despite Charles then approaching 60 years of age and having already long been an established star with a repertoire of recognisable classics and hits, Garvarentz's and Aznavour's works of this epoch yielded a wave of more musically contemporary works that came to enjoy equal billing alongside Aznavour's earlier successes: two albums' worth of new songs composed by Garvarentz and written by Aznavour were recorded in 1986 and released as the albums «Aznavour 1986: Je bois» that same year and «Embrasse-moi» in 1987, which gave rise to numerous songs that would become staples of Aznavour's concert performances for the rest of his career, including Je me raccroche à toi, Je bois, Les émigrants, Une idée, and others. This was followed in 1991 by the album «Aznavour 92» and its new songs Vous et tu, Napoli chante and La Marguerite. Their final new works of the era were on Aznavour's 1994 album «Toi et moi» (released in 1995 in the anglophone world as «You and Me»); Garvarentz's last collaboration with Aznavour, the song Ton doux visage, was released on this album.

In 1965 Georges married Charles Aznavour's sister, Aida Aznavourian.

Georges Garvarentz also composed over 150 film scores, including scores for Taxi for Tobruk (1961), Les Parisiennes (1962), The Devil and the Ten Commandments (1962), Le Rat d'Amérique (1963), That Man in Istanbul (1965), The Sultans (1966), The Sea Pirate (1966), Triple Cross (1966), The Peking Medallion (1967), Caroline chérie (1968), They Came to Rob Las Vegas (1968), The Southern Star (1969), The Heist (1970), Love Me Strangely (1971), Someone Behind the Door (1971), The Pebbles of Etratat (1972), Murder in a Blue World (1973), Killer Force (1976), Teheran 43 (1981), Hambone and Hillie (1983), The Triumphs of a Man Called Horse (1983), Too Scared to Scream (1985), Yiddish Connection (1986), A Star for Two (1991), and Catorce estaciones (1991)

In 1979 he wrote the score to The Golden Lady, and co-wrote the title song for The Three Degrees, together with lead singer Sheila Ferguson.

Garvarentz is the author of a musical comedy Deux anges sont venus and an operetta Douchka.

Awards and recognition
 In 1964 Garvarentz was awarded a special prize by the Chansonnier society
 In 1989 Garvarentz has received a Gemini award for the Best Original Music Score - Program or Miniseries

References

External links
"Pour toi Arménie"
(fr) Georges Garvarentz et la musique de film, Daniel Bastié,Ed.Ménadès (2019) (IBNS : 978-2960226232)

Georges Garvarentz at Encyclopédisque

French male songwriters
French songwriters
Male songwriters
French people of Armenian descent
Greek people of Armenian descent
Greek emigrants to France
Musicians from Paris
1932 births
1993 deaths
20th-century French musicians
French operetta composers
French film score composers
French male film score composers
20th-century French male musicians
Musicians from Athens

Georges Garvarentz


Eric William Bradley Cordingly MBE (17 May 1911 – 14 August 1976) was the Anglican Bishop of Thetford from 1963 until his death in 1976.

Early life and ordination
Cordingly studied theology at King's College London and St Stephen's House, Oxford before his ordinations. He was deaconed on Trinity Sunday 1934 (27 May) and priest the next Trinity Sunday (16 June 1935) – both times by Arthur Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London at St Paul's Cathedral. He was a curate at St Peter Le Poer, Friern Barnet (1934–1936). He then became curate at Minchinhampton, before becoming Rector of Stanton in 1938.

Prisoner of war
After the start of World War II, Cordingly joined as an army chaplain in a territorial battalion of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers. He was deployed to France and took part in the Dunkirk evacuation. On 4 February 1942, Cordingly's unit arrived in Singapore. Just a few days later, British forces lost the Battle of Singapore and surrendered to Japan. From 18 February 1942 until the end of the war, Cordingly was held as a prisoner of war by Japanese forces. He spent most of this time at a prisoner-of-war camp in Changi, Singapore. The site is now commemorated at the Changi Museum, which contains the original cross that Cordingly used during his wartime church services.

From April 1943 to April 1944 Cordingly was sent with other prisoners to Thailand to work on the Burma Railway. Many of his fellow captives did not survive. He later wrote about this experience in a book, Beyond Hatred, calling it "To me a yearthe toughest of my life, grim and shocking as it waswhich on reflection I would not have missed. I have learned muchbut it is a year I would never wish to live through again. Eight chaplains were in this Forcethree are buried in Thailand."

Release

After the Surrender of Japan and the end of World War II, Cordingly returned to the UK. He was subsequently awarded an MBE for his services while he was a prisoner-of-war. He resumed his work as Rector of Leckhampton. In 1955, Cordingly became Rector of Stevenage. From 1960 to 1963 he was an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen. in 1962 he was appointed Archdeacon of Norfolk. A year later he became Bishop of Thetford: he was consecrated a bishop by Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 18 October 1963 at Westminster Abbey.

Personal life

Cordingly died in 1976, aged 65. He was married with four children. His eldest son, David Cordingly, is a naval historian.

War Diaries

In 2013, his family published Down to Bedrock  - a collection of the diaries he wrote as prisoner of war.

References

External links
 Changi Museum

1911 births
Alumni of King's College London
Associates of King's College London
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Bishops of Thetford
Archdeacons of Norfolk
20th-century Church of England bishops
1976 deaths
Honorary Chaplains to the King
World War II chaplains
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers
British World War II prisoners of war
People associated with the University of East Anglia
Burma Railway prisoners
British Army personnel of World War II

Eric Cordingly


Jonathan Janson (born November 10, 1950) is an American painter and art historian.

Biography

Born in South River, New Jersey and raised in upstate New York and Florida, Janson graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design (Providence, Rhode Island) in 1972 with a major in painting.  The turning point in his studies came when in 1969 he visited the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Mass., where he saw Johannes Vermeer's "Concert." This small but perfect masterpiece left a profound impression on the emergent painter decisively orienting his artistic direction. In his senior year at R.I.S.D. he studied in Rome, Italy, having been selected for the European Honors Program at Palazzo Cenci.

After a brief return to his home in Florida, Janson returned to Rome (where he continues to live and work until today) to deepen his studies of 17th-century European painting and establish his family. In this period of creative incubation, Janson came to grips with the complexities of organizing detailed, multi-layered figurative painting.

Janson put together a group of small, tightly composed interior paintings and suburban landscapes manifestly inspired by Vermeer in which the artist updated the Dutch painter's motifs of contemporary life. A Roman art dealer organized Janson's first solo show in 1980 which introduced his work to the Italian art public. Shortly after, he began showing with the influential Galleria Forni, Bologna which exposed his work to an international audience. Janson continued to refine his technique while exploring the cultural continuum of Dutch genre themes such as reading, writing, family life and music making.

In 1983, after a summer sojourn in his native Florida, Janson painted a series of minimalist watercolors inspired by the harsh, semitropical environment of the suburban Florida landscape. The most characteristic motifs of this series are devoid of human presence, which, however, is incessantly signaled by cars moving along highways or parked quietly in anonymous strip-mall parking lots or gas stations.  These small scenes are characterized by intense backlighting which frames the voids and unnoticed events of America's daily life.  The artist's deft touch and two or three color palette draws inspiration from the topographical studies of William Turner and the New England watercolors of Edward Hopper.

In 1984 Janson presented a group of the Florida watercolors in a solo-exhibition at the historical photo-realist O.K. Harris Gallery, New York. In the years which follow, he took part in more than 50 group and 30 solo exhibitions until the most recent in late 2009, a solo-exhibition of Seattle and Florida suburban landscapes unified by a mute gray palette and severe weather conditions. Janson continues to work alternately in the two parallel modes of painting: landscape watercolors and interior oil paintings.

Internet

Responding to the internet medium, Janson created a website called  Essential Vermeer in 2001. Essential Vermeer has developed into the primary internet resource for Vermeer studies and the most comprehensive website dedicated to a single painter. Essential Vermeer presents a balanced in-depth study of the life, art and cultural milieu of Johannes Vermeer comprising hundreds of web pages, thousands of images, collaborative studies, interviews with Vermeer notables and multi-media features. The site includes a complete interactive catalogue of the Dutch artist which permits the navigator to access extensive information on each work using images mapping and expandable topic boxes. Janson issues a free newsletter which keeps thousands of subscribers informed about Vermeer-related exhibitions, publications and multi-media events.

Janson's commitment has brought the Essential Vermeer to the attention of art historians and specialists in 17th-century Dutch art as well as writers who use it regularly as a reference point. He travels extensively and is in constant contact with museum personnel and art historians involved with Dutch genre painting and specifically with the work of Vermeer.

Television and documentary film

In 2002, Janson was commissioned by the American Hallmark Hall of Fame to paint a hypothetical Vermeer for the television adaptation Brush with Fate, based on Susan Vreeland's best-selling novel Girl in Hyacinth Blue. It was broadcast on CBS a year after.

In 2009, Janson is featured in a documentary Views on Vermeer: 12 Short Stories  by Hans Pool and Koos de Wilt. The film presents influential contemporary painters, writers, photographers, art historians and opinion leaders who unravel the extraordinary and mysterious impact of the 17th century Delft master Johannes Vermeer in our day and age.

Writings

In 2006, Janson published his first book, How to Paint Your Own Vermeer: The Methods and Materials of a Seventeenth-Century Master, mainly thought as a manual for practicing painters who wish to emulate the great Dutch Master's technique and style.
In addition to the book he produced a CD, How to Paint Your Own Vermeer. A Painting in Progress which documents the painting of an interior done in the style of Vermeer with sequential images that enhance the textual contents of How to Paint Your Own Vermeer.

His second publication, Looking Over Vermeer's Shoulders. A Study of the Painting Methods and Materials of Johannes Vermeer is an adaptation from the first one, a comprehensible guide to anyone who is interested in exploring the mysterious relationship between painting technique and artistic expression, as well as the mental and physical machinery of Johannes Vermeer, one of the greatest painting technicians of all time.

Publications
 How to Paint Your Own Vermeer: The Methods and Materials of a Seventeenth-Century Master. 1st edn 2006.
  How to Paint Your Own Vermeer. A Painting in Progress (CD). 1st edn 2008.
 Looking Over Vermeer's Shoulders. A Study of the Painting Methods and Materials of Johannes Vermeer. 2008.

References

 Pier Carlo Santini, Jonathan Janson. Grafis, Bologna, 1982.
 Jonathan Janson. Figure e paesaggi 1990-1999. Saggio di Rocco Ronchi. Paracelso Arte Contemporanea, Bologna. Gam Galerie d'Art, Montecarlo. 1999.

External links
  Jonathan Janson paintings
  Essential Vermeer
 Rembrandt van Rijn. life, paintings, etchings, drawings & self portraits
  The Girl with a Pearl Earring. An in-depth study
 Flying Fox art blog

1950 births
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century male artists
American contemporary painters
American art historians
Living people
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
Artists from Florida
Artists from New York (state)
People from South River, New Jersey
Johannes Vermeer scholars
Historians from New Jersey

Jonathan Janson (painter)


Francium hydroxide is a hypothetical inorganic compound with a chemical formula FrOH. It is a hydroxide of francium.

It probably can be produced by reacting francium metal with water:

This reaction might be explosive, because this reaction is probably very exothermic, because of which water could suddenly start boiling violently, producing hot water vapor, and very flammable hydrogen gas is produced in the reaction as well, and hydrogen could ignite, causing fire and explosion. However this is all guesswork, as a visible quantity of francium has never been made.

Francium hydroxide's alkalinity is predicted to be stronger than caesium hydroxide.

References

Francium compounds
Hydroxides
Hypothetical chemical compounds

Francium hydroxide


Gálvez is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina,  south of the provincial capital Santa Fe. It has 18,374 inhabitants per the .

The original settlement was an agricultural colony called Colonia Margarita, in lands belonging to José Gálvez, then governor of the province, who rented it for farming, mainly to Italian immigrants from Piamonte and Lombardia. The official foundation date, 15 October 1886, is that of the opening of the train station, as is usual in many other towns founded in this period in Santa Fe. The communal institutions were formally created on 12 January 1887, and the town became a full municipality on 19 March 1939. The name of governor Gálvez replaced the original one by a decree of 6 June 1889.

The area of Gálvez has a good precipitation regime and produces diverse crops (wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, sunflower). Cattle are mostly employed for its milk (the central region of Santa Fe is the most important milk-producing area in Argentina). Local industries include the manufacturing of electric engines and transformers, machine tools, furniture, and dairy products.

Notable people

Roberto Brunetto (born 1955), former Argentine football player

References

 Municipality of Gálvez — Official website.
 Ciudad de Gálvez — Portal of the city.

Populated places in Santa Fe Province

Gálvez, Santa Fe


Ren & Stimpy's Crock O' Christmas is the second album and only Christmas album featuring characters from the Nickelodeon animated series, The Ren and Stimpy Show.

The album, originally released September 21, 1993 through Nickelodeon, Sony Wonder and Columbia Records, is a concept album that follows the title characters as they prepare for the holidays; in their case, the holiday is "Yaksmas Eve", a reference to the second episode of the original 1991 season in which they prepare for Yak Shaving Day and a visit from the Gilded Yak via his flying "enchanted canoe". Soiled diapers are hung from mantelpieces in lieu of Christmas stockings while another tradition calls for filling of one's uncle's boots with coleslaw. It is hoped that the Gilded Yak, who lives at the "West Pole" and who appears via the drain of the bathtub, will leave shaving cream scum in the bathroom sink.

Ren & Stimpy's Crock O' Christmas was re-released on compact disc August 5, 1997 on the Kid Rhino Entertainment record label. As in the case with later episodes of the television program, Billy West provided the speaking and singing voices of both Ren and Stimpy.

Track listing
 Fleck the Walls - 2:51 – Stimpy explains to Ren that it is Yaksmas Eve to the tune of "Deck the Halls". The song had an accompanying music video.
 Cat Hairballs - 3:27 – Stimpy sings about the gifts he can make out of his hairballs to the tune of "Jingle Bells". The song had an accompanying music video.
 We Wish You a Hairy Chestwig - 3:04 – Ren and Stimpy sing about the "chestwig" they've gotten for Mr. Pipe to the tune of "We Wish You a Merry Christmas", wishing him a "hairy chestwig and a bucket of beards".
 It's a Wizzleteats Kind of Christmas - 3:51 – Stimpy sings a song about Stinky Wizzleteats, singer of the "Happy Happy Joy Joy" song; his "souped-up sausage cart" is the basis for the album cover.
 We're Going Shopping - 4:39 – Stimpy drags Ren into the mall to do some Christmas shopping.
 Yak Shaving Day - 4:22 – Ren and Stimpy stumble on the secret gathering place of the Gilded Yaks.
 What Is Christmas? - 3:19 – Stimpy and his son, Stinky the Fart, recall the events of "Son of Stimpy".
 Cobb to the World - 3:08 – Ren and Stimpy sing the song of "good king" Wilbur Cobb, a senile senior citizen, to the tune of "Joy to the World".
 Happy Holiday Hop - 3:48 – Ren and Stimpy attend TV star Muddy Mudskipper's holiday celebration.
 I Hate Christmas - 4:23 – While Stimpy goes to bed, Ren sings the blues about his personal disdain for the holiday.
 The Twelve Days of Yaksmas, Cousin's Family Sent to Me - 4:24 – Ren and Stimpy count down the Yaksmas gifts of Ren's cousin Svën Hoek to the tune of "The Twelve Days of Christmas".
 Decorate Yourself - 5:26 – Ren and Stimpy sing an anthem in the style of "We Are the World" about decorating oneself for the holidays.

Personnel
Heather Adams – production coordination
Tom Armbruster – synthesizer, percussion, piano, arranger, keyboards, backing vocals, human whistles, finger snaps
Al Arthur – drums
Charlie Brissette – production, bass, arranger, backing vocals, human whistles, finger snaps
Bob Camp – illustrations
Kennedy Clarke - Stinky Wizzleteats
Vanessa Coffey – percussion, backing vocals, voices, producer
Cheryl Chase - vocals
Phil Feather – woodwinds
Jimmy Gomez – orchestral arrangements
Buddy Gordon – trumpet
Billy Harbour – drums
Mark Hollingsworth – recorder
Jean Jordan – director
Eddie King – human whistles, engineer, mixing editor
Russ Kunkel - drums
Jim Lum – guitar
Billy West – vocals, guitar, performer

The Ren & Stimpy Show
1993 Christmas albums
Kid Rhino albums
Concept albums

Ren & Stimpy's Crock O' Christmas


An operational system is a term used in data warehousing to refer to a system that is used to process the day-to-day transactions of an organization. These systems are designed in a manner that processing of day-to-day transactions is performed efficiently and the integrity of the transactional data is preserved.

Synonyms
Sometimes operational systems are referred to as operational databases, transaction processing systems, or online transaction processing systems (OLTP). However, the use of the last two terms as synonyms may be confusing, because operational systems can be batch processing systems as well.

Any enterprise must necessarily maintain a lot of data about its operation.

See also
 Operating system (OS)
 Data warehouses versus operational systems
 Operational data store, a database used for operational reporting, and as a source of data for a data warehouse

Data warehousing
Data management
Business intelligence

Operational system


Javier Abril Espinoza (born 1967) is a Honduran writer based in Switzerland. He writes for the newspaper The Herald of Honduras and collaborates with various literary magazines from Latin America.

In 1996, he won the Pablo Neruda Prize for his poetry collection De aquí en adelante... [from now on...] (1996 - UPNH), and the Mari Paz Ovidi Premio Internacional de Cuentos [Mari Paz Ovidi International Short Story Prize], organized by the Australian publishing house Terra Austral, in 2005.

Published books: Cuentos para niños y niñas [stories for little boys and little girls] (Children's Stories Collection - UNICEF); El doblez de los espejos [the fold in the mirrors] (poetry); and Un ángel atrapado en el huracán [an angel trapped in the hurricane] (Topicornio Publishing), a story book that deals with the natural disasters caused by hurricanes in Central America and the Caribbean, and portrays, through its characters and situations, the unfavourable human conditions experienced by the people of that region, with or without such natural tragedies, and the subsequent abandonment by Central American governments.

As well as producing novels and short stories, Abril Espinoza is also a playwright and scriptwriter. Several of his literary works and essays have been translated into some of the official languages of the European Union. He is one of Central America's more notable young writers.

Bibliography
 Un ángel atrapado en el huracán [Tegucigalpa, Honduras?]: Editorial Tropicornio de Centroamérica, 2002.

References

External links
Sololiteratura.com
Bibliotecaquijosteca.com

Honduran male writers
Living people
1967 births

Javier Abril Espinoza


Emaciation is defined as the state of extreme thinness from absence of body fat and muscle wasting usually resulting from malnutrition.

Characteristics
Emaciation manifests physically as thin limbs, pronounced and protruding bones, sunken eyes, dry skin, thinning hair, a bloated stomach, and a dry or coated tongue in humans. Emaciation is often accompanied by halitosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, anemia, improper function of lymph and the lymphatic system, and pleurisy and edema.

Causes

Emaciation can be caused by undernutrition, malaria and cholera, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases with prolonged fever, parasitic infections, many forms of cancer and their treatments, lead poisoning, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.

Emaciation is widespread in least developed countries and was a major cause of death in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

Animals

A lack of resources in the habitat, disease, or neglect and cruelty from humans in captivity can result in emaciation in animals. In the rehabilitation of emaciated animals, the specific dietary needs of each animal have to be considered to avoid causing harm.

See also
Cachexia
Malnutrition

References

External links

Malnutrition

Emaciation


Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt (or Llewellyn) (24 November 1816 – 5 June 1886) was a British illustrator, engraver, natural scientist and author of The Ceramic Art of Great Britain (1878). His output was prodigious and covered a large range of interests.

Biography
Jewitt was born at Kimberworth, Rotherham, the seventeenth and final child of artist, author and schoolmaster Arthur Jewitt and his wife Martha. His education, largely from his father, who was master at Kimberworth Endowed School, started in Duffield, Derbyshire where his family moved in 1818.

On Christmas Day of 1838 he married Elizabeth Sage, daughter of Isaac Sage of Derby, hurriedly returning to London the same day so as not to fall behind in his work. From 1839 to 1845 he was employed by the engraver Frederick William Fairholt, to illustrate the works of Charles Knight, and contribute to the Pictorial Times, the Saturday Magazine, the Illustrated London News and Punch. He worked at Buckingham Palace in 1845, sketching the palace rooms in preparation for a work on London Interiors.

Between 1849 and 1853 Jewitt was the chief librarian of Plymouth Public Library and a member of The Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum).

In September 1853 he returned to Derbyshire to found and edit the Derby Telegraph, the first cheap paper in the county, continuing as its editor to 1868.  In 1857, Jewitt became secretary of the Derby Town and County Museum and Natural History Society and its premises were opened to the general public on Saturday mornings.  In 1860 Jewitt founded his own heavily illustrated and lavishly produced antiquarian journal The Reliquary, of which he was editor until his death in 1886 when it was continued by others. Under his editorship the journal's focus was heavily on Derbyshire and the Peak, reflecting Jewitt's then home location at Winster Hall, Derbyshire.

While at Winster Hall he learned that the local water supply to the nearby villages was contaminated with lead ore in the local limestone, and he led a highly successful local project to supply free water via a three-mile pipe fed by clean springs.

He died at The Hollies, Duffield in 1886. The potter William Henry Goss wrote a memoir of him entitled The Life and Death of Llewellynn Jewitt F.S.A., with Fragmentary Memoirs of his Famous Literary and Artistic Friends, especially of Samuel Carter Hall (1889).

Jewitt belonged to the British Archaeological Association and helped found the Derbyshire Archaeological Society in 1878. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, wrote numerous articles on English antiquities and topography, and edited the tourist handbook Black's Guide to Derbyshire (1857) which was reprinted many times.

Books
 Black's Tourist's Guide to Derbyshire (editor; 1857)
 The Wedgwoods (1865)
 The Ballads and Songs of Derbyshire (1867)
 The Life of William Hutton (1869)
 Grave-mounds and Their Contents (1870)
 Mountain, River, Lake, and Landscape Scenery of Great Britain (1870/78) in 3 vols.
 Haddon Hall. An Illustrated Guide, with S. C. Hall (1871)
 Domesday Book of Derbyshire (editor; 1871)
 A History of Plymouth (1873)
 Half-Hours Among Some English Antiquities (1877)
 The Stately Homes of England, with S. C. Hall (1877) in 2 vols.
 The Ceramic Art of Great Britain (1878) in 2 vols. (revised 1972)
 The Descriptive Handbook of English Coins (1879)
 The Life and Works of Jacob Thompson (1882)

References

External links

Winster Local History Group newsletter 12
Winster Local History Group newsletter 21

English engravers
English archaeologists
English writers
1816 births
1886 deaths
People associated with Derby Museum and Art Gallery
Jewitt family

Llewellynn Jewitt


The Yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) is a medium-sized turtle which can grow up to 19.5 cm long. It belongs to the family Geoemydidae. It is a semi-aquatic species. This species of turtle has a wide yellow stripe starting from behind the eye and down the neck.

Distribution
The yellow pond turtle is found in East Asia. The places it can be found includes central Vietnam, coastal provinces of south and central China. There are some other populations of the turtle that are separate from the rest of the species. These can be found in Taiwan, Hainan, Ryukyu Islands, and Japan. The Japanese populations are thought to come from Taiwan.

This species lives in ponds, creeks, swamps and marshes. It can be found in shallow, slow moving water. It is omnivorous. The main food for the turtle are insects, fish, tadpoles, leaves and seeds. The yellow pond turtle generally remains in or close to water during the day. It is usually more active at night. It usually goes onto land when it rains.

Subspecies and Hybrids

Mauremys mutica kami is one of the subspecies. It is currently found in the Ryukyu Islands. There are several hybrid Asian pond turtles species. They were first described as new species but later found out as hybrid species. Fujian pond turtles (Mauremys iversoni) are hybrid species mainly produced in Chinese turtle farms. They are produced when female yellow pond turtles and male golden coin turtles (Cuora trifasciata) mates.

Clemmys guangxiensis is a hybrid species that came from the mating of Mauremys mutica and the Fujian pond turtle.

Conservation
The yellow pond turtle is threatened with extinction. The population in China eats the most amount of turtles in the world. This trading of turtles is the greatest threat to Asian turtles including M. mutica. The turtles are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.  There are also turtles kept as pets but are later killed or abandoned.  Water pollution can also cause some habitats of the turtle be to gone. The IUCN considers M. mutica an endangered species. It is listed in CITES Appendix II.

Notes

References

Other websites

Animals of Japan
Turtles of Asia

Yellow pond turtle


Thomas Arkle Clark ( 1862 – July 18, 1932), born Thomas Arkle Metcalf and known as Tommy Arkle, was an American academic who was first to hold the position of dean of men at an American university.

Born and raised in rural Illinois, Clark was orphaned at a young age and was adopted by an aunt. He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1890, then supervised a local school. Named an assistant professor at the university in 1893, Clark rose to full professor status in 1900. A favorite of university president Andrew S. Draper, Clark was named dean of the College of Literature in 1900, then dean of undergraduates in 1901. This office was later renamed Dean of Men, making Clark the first to hold the title. Clark was known for his ruthless vigilance over students and was particularly opposed to alcohol and automobiles. However, Clark was a friend to the Greek community in the university, rising to lead the national chapter of Alpha Tau Omega and often supporting the system in the press. He also founded Phi Eta Sigma in 1923.

Biography
Thomas Arkle Metcalf was born on May 11, 1862, in Marshall County, Illinois. Shortly after his birth, his mother Mary died. His father William then moved the family near Rantoul, Illinois to be closer to other family. However, Thomas' father struggled to make ends meet as a farmer there, as he was only skilled as a coal miner. When William died in 1872, Thomas was adopted by his aunt, Mary Metcalf Clark, taking her adoptive name.

Clark worked on the family farm until 1886, when he was able to persuade his adoptive mother to sell the farm and move to nearby Champaign. Clark attended the University of Illinois Academy, a preparatory school for the University of Illinois. He was then admitted to the university and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1890. During his studies, he worked at The News Gazette. Clark intended to go into politics, but quickly realized that he enjoyed managing campaigns more.

Clark's first job was teaching at the Eastside School, where he quickly rose to become principal. In 1893, Clark was offered a position as an assistant professor of rhetoric at the University of Illinois. Two years later he was named an associate professor. In 1895, he was initiated in the Gamma Zeta chapter of Alpha Tau Omega. Clark took classes over two summers at the University of Chicago, then attended Harvard University for a year. With these new credentials, Clark was promoted to full professor and head of the rhetoric department in 1899.

Clark became a favorite of university president Andrew S. Draper, and Draper named him Acting Dean of the College of Literature in 1900. The next year, Clark was named Dean of Undergraduates and Assistant to the President, making Clark a member of the school's Council of Administration. Edmund J. James, Draper's successor, kept Clark on as Dean of Undergraduates though the title later changed to Dean of Men. Clark the first to ever hold this title. Clark served as Dean of Men until 1931 despite Stanford University offering him a position as Dean of Men. In exchange for Clark's loyalty, President James expanded Clark's role in the administration.

Clark would use his expanded authority to shape the role of fraternities and sororities at the University of Illinois. His first steps were to minimize the influence of the local Theta Nu Epsilon chapter, a secret fraternity. Clark was also heavily involved with official fraternities and worked closely with the L.G. Balfour Company to provide them with hardware. Clark was also a friend of George Banta and was often published in his Greek Exchange magazine. Under Clark's direction, Illinois grew to have one of the largest fraternity and sorority systems in the nation. He also established a Student Publications Board to oversee campus publications. Clark dismissed students caught hazing and established a program personally welcoming freshmen.

In 1911, he began a program issuing a handbook to freshmen concerning rules, regulations, and advice. He maintained a vigilant watch on his students through contact with local police, coaches, townspeople, and Pinkerton. By the time of his retirement in August 1931, Clark had greatly expanded the role of Dean of Men, overseeing the Dean of Foreign Students, Assistant Dean of Men, Dean for Freshmen, and Adviser to Student Activities. Clark co-founded the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators in 1919. In 1923, he founded the Phi Eta Sigma honors society.

During prohibition, Clark used his fraternity contacts to uncover illegal distribution of alcohol. He would relay some of this information to the Bureau of Prohibition. In 1927, Clark worked with Eliot Ness to combat bootlegging in Champaign-Urbana. Clark also despised automobiles and would expel students caught driving one unless they had an off-campus job. Students believed that Clark operated a spy ring on campus and that he once slid down a fraternity chimney to break up an illegal party.

Clark married Alice Broddus, a fellow graduate of Illinois, on August 24, 1896. They had no children. Thomas Clark was Worthy Grand Chief of Alpha Tau Omega from 1918 to 1923, then again from 1929 to 1931. In November 1931, Clark had a tumor removed from his abdomen. The cancer returned the next January. That July, Clark slipped into a coma. He died three days later on July 18, 1932. The national chapter of Alpha Tau Omega presents the Thomas Arkle Clark Award to its most promising seniors.

Publications
The Sunday Eight O'clock: Brief Sermons for the Undergraduates (1916)
The Fraternity and the Undergraduate (1917)
Discipline and Derelict: Being a Series of Essays on Those Who Tread the Green Carpet (1921)
When You Write a Letter: Some Suggestions as to Why, When, and How It Should Be Done (1921)

References

1862 births
1932 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
People from Marshall County, Illinois
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
University of Illinois faculty
People from Rantoul, Illinois

Thomas Arkle Clark


Merida is the main protagonist of the 2012 Disney/Pixar film Brave (2012). She is voiced by Scottish actress Kelly Macdonald. Merida was added to the Disney Princess line-up as the eleventh member, on May 11, 2013, becoming the first Disney Princess to be created by Pixar. Merida is also the only Scottish member of the Disney Princess line-up and the first to be single.

Development
The brainchild of original director, Brenda Chapman, Merida is Pixar's first female lead. Overall Merida has received good reports from critics, some saying she is "a breath of fresh air among the princesses, and from a culture Disney has not yet explored. She is a good role model for girls who want to get out there and do it. Merida is certainly no damsel in distress and isn't haughty; she is torn between doing what's expected of her and following her heart. The people of Scotland have to accept Merida."

Origins and concept
Princess Merida is aged 16 daughter of King Fergus and Queen Elinor, who rule their Scottish kingdom. Queen Elinor's traditional expectations that Merida takes a husband and become a proper royal lady come into conflict with the single-minded and impetuous Merida's insistence that she controls her own destiny. Merida has greatly perfected her skill in archery and is one of the most skilled archers in the kingdom. She is also incredibly skilled in spears, sword-fighting and racing across the countryside on Angus, her Clydesdale horse. Despite her outgoing, forceful personality, Merida does have a softness of heart, particularly when it comes to her younger triplet brothers, Harris, Hubert and Hamish. She is pampered but in no way spoiled, and even though she frequently argues with her mother, Merida does love her parents.

The Kingdom of DunBroch
The DunBroch, MacGuffin, Macintosh, and Dingwall clans were once enemies locked in constant war. When Roman soldiers and Northern invaders threatened them from the seas, the four clans joined together under the sword of Fergus to defend their lands. The clans succeeded in protecting their lands from the invaders and formed the Kingdom of DunBroch. The clan leaders of Macintosh, MacGuffin and Dingwall became their feudal lordships of the kingdom; Fergus was crowned their king and Elinor their queen.

Voice
Merida is voiced by actress Kelly Macdonald. Macdonald was hired to replace Reese Witherspoon, the actress originally cast in the role.
Two of the songs in the movie, "Touch the Sky" and "Into The Open Air", were sung by Julie Fowlis, as Merida's off-screen musical thoughts.

Design and characterization
Merida has long, wild, curly, red hair, blue eyes, pale skin and a slender body. Her main outfit is a dark teal-emerald green traditional gown, made of wool, with stylish slits for movement during archery. When the Lords arrive for the games, she is dressed in a Medieval-style turquoise silk gown with long arms, gold trimmings, and gold beading, teamed with a white wimple and crown to hold in her hair. She also appears in scenes wearing a navy/black cape with a gold buckle. Merida's bow is slung onto her back, over her shoulder, with arrows in a brown leather quiver around her waist. In the final scene, Merida is seen wearing a dark blue gown with light green patterns.

Appearances

Brave

Video games
Merida appeared as the main character in the endless runner video game, Temple Run: Brave, a spinoff of the game Temple Run. The game was released on June 14, 2012, a week before the movie was released. Merida & her father King Fergus are the only playable characters in the game. The developers of the game, Keith Shepherd and Natalia Luckyanova noted, "We definitely had some surreal moments while working with them. They're Pixar! They do such a fantastic job of appealing to young audiences as well as adults. Their movies always span the whole range of emotions, from happiness to sadness, to everything in-between. Working with them, I think there was a couple of times where we just had to pinch ourselves and, you know, ask is this really happening?" The game received positive reviews from critics.

MacDonald reprised the role as Merida for the video game version of the film. Merida is also a playable character in Disney Infinity 2.0, Lego The Incredibles, Disney Magic Kingdoms, and Disney Mirrorverse.

"Bravely"
Merida appears in young adult novel Bravely written by author Maggie Stiefvater, published by Disney Press on 3 May 2022. The story picks up a year after events of Brave where DunBroch is about to be demolished by god of destruction, Feradach, while the ancient entity of creation known as Cailleach informs Merida about a way to save her people.

Other appearances

Merida is a very common character to meet and greet at the various Disney parks and can usually be found in Fantasyland. At Disneyland Park, she meets guests near the It's a Small World attraction near a gate used as a parade terminus. She is also seen sometimes at the World Showcase in Epcot.

In 2016, Merida would begin meet-and-greet sessions at Hong Kong Disneyland, as part of the park's 10th anniversary celebration.

Once Upon a Time
On July 11, 2015, the producers of Once Upon a Time announced that Merida would be a recurring character in the series' fifth season. Scottish actress Amy Manson was cast as Merida, with her storyline in the series set ten years after the events of Brave, although it is not considered canon to the original film's continuity.

In the sixth episode of the season, "The Bear and the Bow", Merida rescues her brothers with the help of Belle. In the ninth episode, "The Bear King", Merida is revealed to have been tutored in the finer points of combat by Mulan and later teamed up with Mulan and Ruby against King Arthur and the Wicked Witch of the West Zelena on the eve of her coronation as DunBroch's queen, with Fergus having been killed by Arthur a few years earlier.

Sofia the First
Merida appears in the third-season episode "The Secret Library", where she's called to aid Sofia via the amulet of Avalor.

Ralph Breaks the Internet
Merida appeared in the film Ralph Breaks the Internet alongside other Disney princesses, as was announced at the 2017 D23 Expo, with Kelly Macdonald reprising her role. The other princesses did not understand her as "she's from the other studio".

Reception and impact
The character of Merida has been well received by critics, as well as Macdonald's performance. The decision of Pixar to introduce a lead female heroine was praised by The Guardian. Empire described Merida as "feisty" and as "a modern girl in an ancient world." Merida was included on CNN's list of "Top Female Animated Heroines". She has been described as "a fairy-tale feminist", and has been praised for not needing to be rescued by a male love interest. She has been noted and applauded by feminists and critics for not needing a love interest. Entertainment Weekly called Merida, "A spunky Scottish princess with wild red hair, and clearly a lass built to entertain the audience for Twilight and The Hunger Games." Critics have also noted Merida's hair and how it is symbolic of her wild and independent spirit. Entertainment Weekly also referred to Merida as a "headstrong heroine".

Ophelia's Place, a charity dedicated to helping young girls, celebrated Merida for being a body image role model. The organization noted that, "Merida exemplifies strength in women because she is brave and independent. She isn't the typical Disney princess or damsel-in-distress as portrayed by many female characters throughout children's films." Time, however, criticized the movie and Merida for not fully embracing the concept of female empowerment. Author of the piece, Mary Pols also harshly criticized Pixar for firing Chapman, their first female director, halfway through production and for making Merida a traditional princess.

Redesign controversy

In May 2013, Disney released a traditional animation-style redesign of Merida in preparation for her coronation as Disney's 11th princess. The redesign of the character featured a slimmer waist, more revealing neckline, larger eyes and a sparkly dress.  Feminist groups criticized the makeover for allegedly disempowering Merida, sparking outrage from mothers and feminist groups who saw the new Merida as "an overly sexualized pin-up version of her former self." Critics were also very critical of the makeover, saying it turned Merida into "just another princess". Creator and co-director Brenda Chapman fiercely criticized the change, calling it 'atrocious' and added that "Merida was created to break that mould." A Change.org petition was created to protest the Merida redesign, with female empowerment website A Mighty Girl arguing that "by making her skinnier, sexier and more mature in appearance, you are sending a message to girls that the original... version of Merida is inferior; that for girls and women to have value... they must conform to a narrow definition of beauty." The petition received over 20,000 signatures in seven days.

Shortly after the petition appeared, Disney removed the redesigned image from their official website, in favor of Merida's original film appearance. Disney later clarified the situation, assuring that Merida would remain in her original form. Disney also released the statement, "The artwork used on Merida's official social media sites has always been the imagery from the movie – there have been no changes. We routinely use different art styles with our characters and this rendition of Merida in her party dress was a special one-time effort to commemorate her coronation. Merida exemplifies what it means to be a Disney Princess through being brave, passionate and confident and she remains the same strong and determined Merida from the movie whose inner qualities have inspired moms and daughters around the world."

Disney would later release 2D artworks of Merida that have a closer resemblance to her original form.

References

External links

 Princess Merida on IMDb
Official Film Website
Registered Tartan colors

Brave (2012 film)
Disney Princess characters
Fictional archers
Fictional Scottish people
Scottish female characters in film
Film characters introduced in 2012
Pixar characters
Animated characters introduced in 2012

Merida (Brave)


Richard Lofthouse Butler (born 5 June 1956) is an English singer and songwriter. Butler came to prominence in the early 1980s as lead vocalist of the rock band the Psychedelic Furs and went on to found the alternative rock band Love Spit Love in the early 1990s, during a hiatus of the Psychedelic Furs. Butler began his solo career in 2006, while still being a member of the Psychedelic Furs, releasing the self-titled studio album Richard Butler.

Early years
Richard Lofthouse Butler was born on 5 June 1956 in Kingston upon Thames, southwest London. His father, George Butler, was a research chemist, a communist and an atheist. In the 1970s, George Butler was slated to become a scientific ambassador to the Soviet Union but a friend convinced him this would not be a good place for his family. Butler's mother was an artist. Butler started art school in London with the idea of becoming a painter. After graduation, he worked in a silk-screen print shop but got the idea to form a band.

Musical career
Butler formed the Psychedelic Furs in 1977 with his bassist brother Tim Butler. According to Butler, the Psychedelic Furs began rehearsing in the Butlers' front room, but were soon banished because of the noise. Joined by guitarist John Ashton, guitarist Roger Morris, drummer Vince Ely and saxophonist Duncan Kilburn, the band quickly gained commercial success.

The Psychedelic Furs went on hiatus in the early 1990s and Butler became the founder and lead singer of Love Spit Love. By 2000 he stated that Love Spit Love had "gone into remission." His work with Love Spit Love can be heard on the hit syndicated television show Charmed. A truncated version of LSL's cover version of the Smiths' hit song "How Soon Is Now?" – recorded for The Craft soundtrack – plays during the Charmed opening credits. He also sang backing vocals, on "I Am Anastasia" by the American band Sponge. Love Spit Love's "Am I Wrong" was the theme over the opening credits of the 1995 film Angus.

In 2001, the Psychedelic Furs reformed after a nine-year hiatus and have toured worldwide since then.

In early 2006, Butler released the eponymous solo album titled Richard Butler, a collection of songs dedicated to his late father, George Butler, and also Jon Carin's father, Arthur A. Carin (Carin was Richard Butler's collaborator on the release, co-authoring and arranging much of the music). In 2014, Butler covered Charles Aznavour's "She" for the Gone Girl teaser trailer.

Butler co-wrote "Ghosts Again" with Martin Gore, the first single from the Depeche Mode album Memento Mori, released on February 9, 2023. He also co-wrote three other songs on that album.

Personal life
Richard Butler has one daughter, Maggie Mozart Butler (b. September 1997). In September 2020 Butler married model and actress Erika Anderson known from A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child and Zandalee.

In the early 2000s, Butler became interested in the art scene and began painting again. He has had gallery exhibitions in New York City, Miami (Waltman Ortega Fine Art), and Florence, Italy. One of his works, Girl with a Map, has been used as a CD's cover art.

Discography

Solo
 Richard Butler (2006)

The Psychedelic Furs
 The Psychedelic Furs (1980)
 Talk Talk Talk (1981)
 Forever Now (1982)
 Mirror Moves (1984)
 Midnight to Midnight (1987)
 Book of Days (1989)
 World Outside (1991)
 Made of Rain (2020)

Love Spit Love
 Love Spit Love (1994)
 Trysome Eatone (1997)

References

External links

1956 births
English punk rock singers
English new wave musicians
MNRK Music Group artists
Living people
Male new wave singers
Musicians from Kingston upon Thames
The Psychedelic Furs members
Love Spit Love members
20th-century British male singers
21st-century British male singers
British male songwriters

Richard Butler (singer)


Bitten is a 2008 Canadian black comedy vampire film directed by Harv Glazer.  It stars Jason Mewes as a paramedic who rescues Danika (Erica Cox), a female vampire, from an alley way.

Plot
Jack, a paramedic, is frustrated with his life after he breaks up with his girlfriend.  He discovers a girl (Danika) in an alleyway covered in blood, clinging to life. Jack takes Danika in and soon discovers that she is a vampire.

Jack and Danika try to find a way to feed her cravings to drink blood while killing as little as possible.  All their attempts end without success because a vampire needs fresh human blood. Jack also must find places to hide the bodies in his apartment, including the body of his ex-girlfriend, who had gone to his apartment to reclaim several of her possessions before Danika had bitten and killed her. Jack discovers upon his ex-girlfriend's corpse reanimating into a vampire (and having to kill her when she attacks him in a rage) that only a stab to the heart will kill a vampire.

When Danika becomes more violent, killing several people, including a young woman, Jack is forced to kill her with the help of Roger, his paramedic co-worker and friend. Roger stabs Danika in the heart while she attacks Jack and kills her, but not before Jack is bitten. Jack becomes a vampire, cared for by Roger, who feeds him from a dish of blood.

Cast

Release
It aired on Sci Fi Channel on March 15, 2009. RHI Entertainment released it on DVD on July 6, 2010.

Reception
Mark Voger of NJ.com recommended it to fans of Mewes and said that the film, despite its "considerable flaws", is better than many competitors.  R.L. Shaffer of IGN rated it 3/10 stars and wrote, "Bitten had tremendous potential to be pretty darn amusing, but it fails on nearly every conceivable level."  Steve Barton of Dread Central rated it 2.5/5 stars and wrote that the film's tone is ruined by out-of-place slapstick.  Annie Riordan of Brutal as Hell wrote that the film remains entertaining despite its lack of originality.  Jeremy Blitz of DVD Talk rated it 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "The humor and the horror counteract rather than reinforce each other."

References

External links

2008 films
2008 comedy horror films
Canadian comedy horror films
English-language Canadian films
Vampire comedy films
Canadian vampire films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
English-language comedy horror films

Bitten (film)


Kindred McLeary (December 3, 1901, Weimar, Texas – May 29, 1949) was an American architect, artist and educator.

Education
Kindred McLeary studied architecture at the University of Texas and earned his degree in 1927. While teaching at the University of Texas the following year, McLeary entered one of his paintings, Cotton, in a national art exhibit at the Witte Memorial Museum in San Antonio. The painting portrayed an African-American woman reclining in a field of cotton with several men standing around her, one of them strumming a guitar. Some artists and ministers attacked the picture as obscene, but the art curator of the museum defended it and kept it hanging throughout the exhibit, despite the controversy.

Career
McLeary began teaching architecture at Carnegie Tech in the autumn of 1928.  McLeary was also a noted muralist. His best-known mural, Defense of Human Freedoms (1942), sometimes referred to as America the Mighty, dominates the 21st Street, N.W. lobby of the Harry S. Truman Building of the U.S. Department of State. When the mural was created in 1941–42, the building was planned for the use of the U.S. War Department, which moved into the newly built Pentagon in 1947, leaving the War Department structure with the mural to the Department of State.

The mural is a depiction of the chaos of war and the enduring efforts of humanity to preserve freedom and civilization. It was covered over with plywood and drapery in 1954 and restored in 2010 for the debut of the George C. Marshall Conference Center inside the building.
McLeary also painted murals in, among other places, his adopted home of Pittsburgh; at the Somerset County, Pennsylvania library; and as far away as New York City (at the Madison Square Post Office).

Several large murals by McLeary from 1935 survive in good shape in the US Post Office-South Norwalk Main, but were hidden from public view in 1986 when that building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A mural in the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Pittsburgh, titled Modern Justice was damaged and lost prior to 1952, after the painted canvas panels fell off the wall in Courthouse No. 2 during a trial.

Death
McLeary taught architecture at Carnegie Tech until his untimely death, aged 47, following a fall from the roof of his studio near Confluence, Somerset County, Pennsylvania in May 1949.|

Sources
 McMahan, Truman. School and Society, June 18, 1949
Washington Post, March 28, 1971
Washington Post, April 27, 1977

References

1901 births
1949 deaths
Architects from Texas
20th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American educators
American muralists
Artists from Pittsburgh
People from Weimar, Texas
20th-century American architects
Painters from Texas
Painters from Pennsylvania
University of Texas alumni
University of Texas faculty
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Accidental deaths from falls
Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists

Kindred McLeary


Nathaniel Fillmore Jr. (April 19, 1771 – March 28, 1863) was an American farmer and the father of Millard Fillmore, the 13th President of the United States.

Biography
Nathaniel Fillmore Jr. was born on April 19, 1771 in Bennington, Bennington County, Vermont, the son of Nathaniel Fillmore Sr. (1739–1814), a native and soldier during the American Revolution, and his wife, Hepzibah Wood (1747–1783). Nathaniel Fillmore Sr. was the son of John Fillmore Jr. (1702–1777), a ship's captain. John Fillmore Jr. was the son of John Fillmore Sr. (1676–1712), a native and mariner.

Career
After his marriage, Fillmore began farming in Vermont. Shortly thereafter, Nathaniel and his brother Calvin Fillmore were approached by land agents offering tracts in New York state. Unhappy with trying to make the stony ground of their Vermont land productive, they quickly grabbed the opportunity and moved to western New York, sight unseen.

According to biographers of Millard Fillmore, "The Fillmore brothers moved their two families to their new homeland nestled deep within a timber-laden forest.  Location was not their greatest problem.  Nor was the dense clay they unearthed once the land was cleared.  Their greatest setback came with the realization that faulty surveying coupled with corrupt local government officials had left them with virtually nothing. Duped, tired, and poor, Nathaniel eventually became a tenant farmer while occasionally teaching school, working the soil for landlords and taking their charity when necessary to survive.

Over time, Nathaniel Fillmore's fortunes changed; he became prominent enough while living in Niles, New York that he served as a justice of the peace for eleven years. He eventually purchased a farm in East Aurora, New York which he developed into a productive enterprise. He died in East Aurora, New York in 1863, and was buried at East Aurora Cemetery.

Historians have credited his wife, Phoebe, for convincing her husband to secure a clerk's position for Millard in the office of their landlord, Judge Walter Wood. Though Fillmore did not complete the clerkship, it did set him on the eventual path to a successful legal and political career that carried him to the presidency.

After Millard assumed the presidency in 1850, Nathaniel visited him the following year, Robert J. Scarry writing that the visit was the one most anticipated by President Fillmore.

Personal life
In 1796, the 25 year-old Fillmore married Phoebe Millard, daughter of a prominent physician, in Bennington.  Together, they had nine children:
 Olive Fillmore (1797–1883)
 Millard Fillmore (1800–1874)
 Cyrus Fillmore (1801–1889)
 Almon Fillmore (1806–1830)
 Calvin Fillmore (1810–1879)
 Julia Fillmore (1812–1891)
 Darius Fillmore (1814–1837)
 Charles Fillmore (1817–1854)
 Phoebe Fillmore (1819–1843)

After Phoebe died in 1831, he remarried to Eunice Love in 1834.

Distinction
He was the first of only four fathers (the other three being George Tryon Harding, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., and George H. W. Bush) to live through the entire presidency of a son.

Related pages
 Millard Fillmore

1771 births
1836 deaths
People from Vermont

Nathaniel Fillmore


Petko Marinov (Bulgarian Cyrillic: Петко Маринов) (born on 11 June 1949 in Bourgas) is a former Bulgarian basketball player and current basketball manager.

Career

He started his career with Botev (Burgas) and then played for Akademik Sofia. With CSKA Sofia, he won two national championships and five Bulgarian Cups. For the national team, he appeared in 150 matches. Following his retirement from the game, he established himself as one of the most highly regarded basketball coaches in Bulgaria, leading BC CSKA Sofia to three national titles and four Bulgarian Cups. Marinov additionally managed Lukoil Akademik, becoming national champion (once) and cup holder (two times). Among his other distinctions is a Bulgarian Cup as manager of Compact Dimitrovgrad. Marinov has also been the coach of the women's basketball team Lukoil Neftohimik as well as in France. Furthermore, Marinov had two spells in charge of his country's national side.

References

1949 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Burgas
Bulgarian men's basketball players

Petko Marinov